EP3736845B1 - Temperature-dependent switch - Google Patents

Temperature-dependent switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3736845B1
EP3736845B1 EP20170813.8A EP20170813A EP3736845B1 EP 3736845 B1 EP3736845 B1 EP 3736845B1 EP 20170813 A EP20170813 A EP 20170813A EP 3736845 B1 EP3736845 B1 EP 3736845B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
temperature
transfer member
configuration
current transfer
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20170813.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3736845A1 (en
Inventor
Marcel P. Hofsaess
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Individual
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Individual
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02Details
    • H01H37/32Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02Details
    • H01H37/32Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5427Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting encapsulated in sealed miniaturised housing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02Details
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02Details
    • H01H37/04Bases; Housings; Mountings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02Details
    • H01H37/32Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5409Bistable switches; Resetting means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02Details
    • H01H37/60Means for producing snap action
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02Details
    • H01H37/64Contacts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/20Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02Details
    • H01H37/32Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H2037/549Details of movement transmission between bimetallic snap element and contact
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02Details
    • H01H37/64Contacts
    • H01H37/70Resetting means
    • H01H2037/705Resetting means wherein the switch cannot be closed when the temperature is above a certain value
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/002Thermally-actuated switches combined with protective means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02Details
    • H01H37/32Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a temperature-dependent switch which has a first and a second stationary counter-contact and a temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a current transmission element, the switching mechanism either closing the switch depending on its temperature by pressing the current transmission element against the first and second counter-contact and an electrically conductive connection is established between the two mating contacts via the current transfer element, or it is opened by holding the current transfer element at a distance from the first and second mating contacts and thus interrupting the electrically conductive connection, with a locking device being provided which opens the switch holds when first opened.
  • Such a switch is from the DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 famous.
  • the known switch has a temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a temperature-dependent bimetal snap-action disk and a bistable spring disk which carries a movable counter-contact or a current transmission element in the form of a contact plate. If the bimetallic snap disk is heated to a temperature above its response temperature, it lifts the mating contact or the current transmission element against the force of the spring washer from the mating contact or contacts and thereby pushes the spring washer into its second stable configuration in which the switching mechanism is in its high-temperature position.
  • the known switch remains in its open position after it has been opened once, even if it cools down again.
  • tests in the applicant's company have shown that the known switch closes again in the event of strong mechanical vibrations, so that it may not be optimally usable from a safety point of view in some applications.
  • One from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 known switch has three switch positions. In its low temperature position, the switch is closed so that the two mating contacts are electrically connected to one another.
  • the switch In its high temperature position, the switch is open so that no current can flow through the switch. In its cooling position, the switch remains open, although the snap disk has cooled down again and has thus resumed its low-temperature configuration.
  • the temperature-dependent switch is a one-time switch that, after opening it once, remains open even when the temperature of the snap disk has decreased again.
  • Comparable one-time switches are from the DE 86 25 999 U1 as well as the DE 25 44 201 A famous.
  • Such temperature-dependent switches are used in a known manner to protect electrical devices from overheating.
  • the switch is electrically connected in series with the device to be protected and its supply voltage and mechanically arranged on the device in such a way that it is in thermal connection with it.
  • the two mating contacts are electrically connected to one another so that the circuit is closed and the load current of the device to be protected flows through the switch. If the temperature rises above a permissible value, the snap disk lifts the contact element against the actuating force of the spring washer from the mating contact, whereby the switch is opened and the load current of the device to be protected is interrupted.
  • the now de-energized device can then cool down again.
  • the switch that is thermally coupled to the device also cools down again and would then actually close again automatically.
  • the snap-action disk is a bistable snap-action disk which, depending on the temperature, assumes either a high-temperature configuration or a low-temperature configuration.
  • the spring washer is a circular spring washer to which a contact member is attached in the center.
  • the contact member is, for example, a movable contact part which is pressed by the spring washer against the first stationary mating contact which is arranged on the inside on a cover of the housing of the known switch.
  • the spring washer With its edge, the spring washer is pressed against an inner base of a lower part of the housing, which acts as a second mating contact.
  • the self-electrically conductive spring washer creates an electrically conductive connection between the two mating contacts.
  • the external connection of the known switch is made on the one hand via the outside of the electrically conductive lower part and on the other hand via a plated through-hole of the first stationary mating contact through the upper part on its outside, where, for example, a solder connection can be provided.
  • the bistable snap-action disk is a bimetallic snap-action disk that changes from its convex to concave configuration when its response temperature is exceeded.
  • the bimetal snap disk of the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 known switch has centrally a through opening with which it is slipped over the movable contact part which is attached to the spring washer.
  • the bimetal snap disk In its low-temperature position, the bimetal snap disk lies loosely on the contact part. If the temperature of the bimetal snap disk increases, it jumps to its high temperature position, in which it presses itself with its edge on the inside of the upper part of the housing and thereby presses with its center on the spring washer so that it moves from its first to its second stable configuration jumps, whereby the movable contact part is lifted from the stationary mating contact and the switch is opened.
  • the bimetal snap-action disk jumps back to its low-temperature position. It comes with its edge in contact with the edge of the spring washer and with its center in contact with the upper part of the housing. However, the actuating force of the bimetal snap disk is not sufficient to allow the spring washer to jump back into its first configuration.
  • the one from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 Known switch remains open after a single opening until it has cooled to a temperature below room temperature, for which purpose a cold spray can be used, for example.
  • the known switch carries the load current of the device to be protected through the spring washer, which is only possible up to a certain current strength.
  • the spring washer heats up to such an extent that this self-heating leads to the switching temperature of the bimetal snap-action disk being reached before the device to be protected has actually reached its impermissible temperature.
  • the spring washer is fixed with its edge on the lower part of the housing, while the bimetal snap disk is provided between the spring washer and the inner bottom of the lower part.
  • the spring washer presses the contact plate against the two mating contacts. If the bimetal snap disk jumps to its high temperature position, its edge presses against the spring washer and its center pulls the spring washer away from the upper part, so that the contact plate is out of contact with the two mating contacts. So that this is geometrically possible, the contact plate, spring washer and bimetallic snap-action washer are captively connected to one another by a centrally running rivet.
  • this switch Due to its design, this switch therefore has a self-holding function. In the case of strong mechanical vibrations, however, in rare cases, the spring washer can also spring back unintentionally.
  • the contact bridge is in contact with a temperature-dependent switching mechanism via an actuating bolt, which consists of a bimetallic snap disk and a spring washer, both of which are clamped at their edge.
  • the spring washer and the bimetal snap disk are both bistable, the bimetal snap disk in a temperature-dependent manner and the spring washer in a temperature-independent manner.
  • the bimetal snap disk presses the spring washer into its second configuration, in which it presses the actuating bolt against the contact bridge and lifts it against the force of the closing spring from the stationary mating contacts.
  • this switch has the disadvantage that, in the open state, the spring washer counteracts the force of the contact bridge
  • the closing spring lifts off the mating contacts, so that the spring washer in its second configuration must reliably overcome the force of the closing spring.
  • the closing spring ensures that the contact bridge rests securely on the mating contacts in the closed state, a spring washer with very high stability is required in the second configuration.
  • a dome is formed on this spring tongue, which is pressed into its second configuration by a bimetal plate also fastened to the spring tongue, in which it spaces the movable contact part from the stationary mating contact.
  • the dome must hold the movable contact part at a distance from the fixed mating contact against the closing force of the spring tongue clamped in on one side, so that the dome in its second configuration has to apply a high actuating force.
  • the known switch thus has the disadvantages already discussed above, namely that high actuating forces have to be overcome, which leads to high production costs and an unsafe state in the cooling position.
  • a switch which, in an embodiment like that from the aforementioned DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 known switch has a contact plate which, however, is permanently mechanically locked here by the locking device when the switch has been opened for the first time.
  • the locking device comprises a first latching member on the edge of the contact plate and a second latching member which interacts therewith and which is arranged on an inside of a spacer ring. The assembly of this switch has proven to be problematic in some cases.
  • the pamphlet DE 10 2012 103279 B3 discloses a further temperature-dependent switch which corresponds to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention is based on the object of developing the switch mentioned at the beginning in such a way that, with a structurally simple structure, it ensures a safe, permanent interruption of the circuit even in the event of strong vibrations.
  • the locking device mechanically permanently locks the current transmission element, the new switch cannot close again after it has been opened once, even if strong vibrations or temperature fluctuations occur.
  • the switch is consequently also mechanically locked, which is used synonymously in the context of the present application.
  • the locking lock is realized by the spring ring, which can be inserted without major problems during the assembly of the new switch and, if necessary, connected to the current transmission element.
  • the temperature-dependent switching mechanism contains a temperature-dependent snap element, preferably a bimetallic snap-action disk, which in the usual way causes the switching mechanism to open by lifting the current transmission element from the stationary counter-contact. According to the invention, the switch, once opened, is then locked in the open state.
  • the temperature-dependent switching mechanism can additionally have a bistable spring washer which, when the switch is closed, controls the closing force and thus the contact pressure between the movable current transmission element and the mating contacts causes. This relieves the mechanical load on the bimetal snap-action disk, which has a positive effect on its service life and the long-term stability of the response temperature.
  • the temperature-dependent switching mechanism comprises a temperature-dependent snap-action disk with a geometrical high-temperature configuration and a geometrical low-temperature configuration, as well as a bistable spring washer on which the current transmission element is arranged, the spring washer having two geometrical configurations that are stable regardless of temperature and in its first configuration that Current transmission member presses against the first and the second mating contact and, in its second configuration, pushes the current transmission member away from the first and the second mating contact.
  • the snap disk is supported with its edge on the inside of the switch during the transition from its low-temperature configuration to its high-temperature configuration and acts on the spring disk in such a way that it jumps around from its first to its second stable configuration, the snap disk being further preferred and the spring washers are fixed to the current transmission member via their respective centers.
  • the advantage here is that largely customary temperature-dependent switching mechanisms can be used for the new switch, so that the design effort for starting the series production of the new switch is low.
  • the snap disk is fixed to the current transmission member and a free space is provided for the edge of the snap disk, into which the edge protrudes at least partially when the snap disk resumes its low-temperature configuration with the spring disk in its second configuration.
  • the free space for the edge of the bimetal snap disk is provided in addition to the mechanical locking by the locking lock, there is initially no closing pressure that the locking lock has to absorb.
  • the switch remains open permanently.
  • the locking device only has to absorb the locking pressure in rare cases, which further increases the reliability of the new switch.
  • the switch comprises a housing on which the two mating contacts are provided and in which the switching mechanism is arranged.
  • the housing can be an individual housing of the switch or a pocket on the device to be protected from overheating.
  • the fixing of the spring washer with its edge on the housing ensures that the current transmission member remains securely positioned with respect to the mating contacts.
  • the housing has a lower part closed by an upper part, the two mating contacts being arranged on an inner side of the upper part.
  • the lower part has an inner base, over the edge area of which a free space is provided for the edge of the snap disk.
  • This measure is particularly advantageous from a constructional point of view, because it enables a known temperature-dependent switch to be provided with the three switching positions mentioned at the outset in the simplest possible manner, if a bistable spring part with two temperature-independent stable configurations is used there in each case.
  • the new switch is not only easy to manufacture, it also remains securely open in its cooling position.
  • the lower part can be made of electrically conductive material and preferably the upper part of electrically insulating material, wherein the bistable snap disk can be a bi- or tri-metal snap disk.
  • the spring ring cooperates with the current transmission member and a spacer ring arranged between the upper part and the lower part, the spring ring preferably being arranged on the one hand between the spacer ring and the upper part and having at least one locking member which cooperates with the current transmission member.
  • Such spacer rings are often inserted between the lower part and the upper part in temperature-dependent switches in order to achieve the required overall height, which enables a sufficiently large switching path between the mating contact and the contact member to ensure the necessary electrical insulation in the open switch.
  • the simple assembly is an advantage, because after the insertion of the spacer ring, which is required anyway when assembling the switch, the spring ring is placed next, which is then fixed by the upper part placed afterwards together with the spacer ring and the switching mechanism. In order not to change the switching path and the overall height of the switch, it may be necessary to shorten the spacer ring a little.
  • the locking member has a radially inwardly resilient tongue which rests under tension on an edge of the current transmission member when the switch is closed and is supported on the current transmission member when the switch is open.
  • an assembly aid for example a spreader tool, so that the or each tongue can thread between the radially outwardly facing edge of the current transmission element and the spacer ring during assembly of the switching mechanism located in the low temperature position.
  • the or each radially inwardly resilient tongue is thus located between the spacer ring and the current transmission member when the switch is closed.
  • the switch opens, the current transmission member moves downwards and the or each resilient tongue comes free from its edge and moves further radially inward over the current transmission member, which is thus permanently mechanically locked by the or each tongue and consequently prevented from moving again to move upwards in contact with the two mating contacts, even when the switching mechanism cools down again and the spring washer is snapped back into its first configuration.
  • the spring washer is arranged on the current transmission member and has at least one locking member that interacts with the spacer ring, the locking member preferably having a radially outwardly resilient tongue that rests under tension on an inner surface of the spacer ring when the switch is closed, and is supported on a recess in the spacer ring when the switch is open.
  • the spacer ring is inserted next.
  • the spring ring is then placed on the current transmission member, the outwardly resilient tongues being moved radially inward by contact with the inner surface of the spacer ring.
  • the or each radially outwardly resilient tongue thus rests against an inner surface of the spacer ring when the switch is closed.
  • the current transmission member moves downwards and the or each resilient tongue comes free from the inner surface and radially further outwards into the recess in the spacer ring, whereby the current transmission member is permanently mechanically locked.
  • the current transmission member connected to the spring washer is thus mechanically prevented by the or each tongue from moving upwards again into contact with the two mating contacts, even if the switching mechanism cools down again and the spring washer is snapped back into its first configuration.
  • Fig. 1 is shown in a schematic, sectional side view of a switch 10, which is formed rotationally symmetrical in plan view, preferably has a circular shape.
  • the switch 10 has a housing 11 in which a temperature-dependent switching mechanism 12 is provided.
  • the housing 11 comprises a pot-like lower part 14 made of electrically conductive material and a flat, insulating upper part 15, which is held on the lower part 14 by a bent edge 16.
  • a bent edge 16 For the sake of clarity, the one is bent over Edge 16 is not shown drawn across the upper part 15 and bent down completely onto the upper part 15.
  • a spacer ring 17 is provided between the upper part 15 and the lower part 14 and keeps the upper part 15 at a distance from the lower part 14.
  • the upper part 15 has an inner side 18 on which a first stationary mating contact 19 and a second stationary mating contact 21 are provided.
  • the mating contacts 19 and 21 are designed as rivets which extend through the upper part 15 and end on the outside in heads 22 and 23, respectively, which are used for the external connection of the switch.
  • the switching mechanism 12 further comprises a current transmission element 24 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is a contact plate, the upper side 25 of which is partially coated in an electrically conductive manner, so that it can be used in the case of FIG Fig. 1 System shown on the mating contacts 19 and 21 ensures an electrically conductive connection between the two mating contacts 19 and 21.
  • a current transmission element 24 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is a contact plate, the upper side 25 of which is partially coated in an electrically conductive manner, so that it can be used in the case of FIG Fig. 1 System shown on the mating contacts 19 and 21 ensures an electrically conductive connection between the two mating contacts 19 and 21.
  • the components made of solid material here the spacer ring 17 and the contact plate 24, are not hatched, although they are also shown in section.
  • the current transmission member 24 is connected to a bistable spring washer 27 and a bistable snap disk 28 via a rivet 26, which is also to be regarded as part of the contact plate.
  • the spring washer 27 has two temperature-independent configurations, of which the first configuration in FIG Fig. 1 (closed switch 10) and the second configuration in Fig. 2 (open switch 10) is shown.
  • the snap disk 28 has two temperature-dependent configurations, namely its cryogenic configuration, which is shown in FIG Fig. 1 (closed switch 10), as well as its high temperature configuration shown in FIG Fig. 2 (open switch 10) is shown.
  • a circumferential shoulder 29 on which the spacer ring 17 rests is provided inside the lower part 14.
  • the edge 31 of the spring washer 27 is clamped between the shoulder 29 and the spacer ring 17, while its center 32 rests on a shoulder 33 on the rivet 26.
  • the spring washer 27 is thus clamped between the current transmission member 24 and the shoulder 33 at its center 32.
  • a shoulder 34 can be seen on the rivet 26, on which the snap disk 28 rests with its center 35.
  • the center 35 rests freely on the shoulder 34. With its edge 36, the snap disk 28 is also exposed, that is to say without mechanical stress, on an inner base 37 of the lower part 14.
  • the inner bottom 37 is designed as a wedge-shaped, radially outwardly rising support shoulder 38 which, as in the case of the DE 10 2011 016 142 A1 known switch as a support surface for the edge 36 is used.
  • the snap disk 28 snaps again from its high-temperature configuration Fig. 2 back to their low-temperature configuration that they were already in Fig. 1 had taken.
  • the snap disk 28 is again in its low-temperature configuration to which it has cooled as a result of the cooling of the device to be protected.
  • the edge 36 of the snap disk 28 will move downwards so that it comes to rest on the support shoulder 38, which is shown in FIG Fig. 1 is provided.
  • the snap disk 28 will therefore push the spring disk 27 back into its first configuration, as is the case with the switch according to FIG DE 10 2011 016 142 A1 the case is.
  • a circumferential free space 40 is provided below the edge 36 of the snap disk 28 and is provided in an edge region 41 of the inner bottom 37.
  • the switch 10 off Fig. 2 thus remains open even when the snap disk 28 has moved back into its low-temperature configuration. However, vibrations can cause the switch 10 to turn off Fig. 2 but closes again, which is undesirable with single-use switches.
  • a locking device 39 is provided, which in the area of the Fig. 1 and 2 indicated circles I and II is arranged.
  • exemplary embodiments of the locking devices 39 are not shown in FIG Fig. 1 and 2 but in the Figures 3 to 8 shown.
  • the task of the locking barriers 39 is to permanently and mechanically lock the temperature-dependent switching mechanism 12 in a switch 10 that has been opened, so that the switch 10 cannot close again even when the snap disk 28 has cooled down.
  • the locks 39 each include a spring ring 43, 51, as shown in FIG Fig. 3 in a first and in Fig. 4 is shown schematically and not to scale in a second embodiment.
  • the spring ring 43 is in Fig. 3 shown above in plan view. It has an annular surface 44, with the inside 45 of which three resilient tongues 46 are formed in one piece.
  • the spring ring 43 is punched out of spring steel and is initially as shown in FIG Fig. 3 shown above, namely with tongues 46 lying in the plane of the ring.
  • the tongues 46 are then bent upwards by approx. 85 °, as shown in the sectional side view in FIG Fig. 3 can be seen below. If the tongues 46 are now bent further outward during assembly, they spring radially inward in the direction of arrow 47.
  • the spring ring 51 is in Fig. 4 shown above in plan view. It has an annular surface 52, with the outside 53 of which three resilient tongues 54 are formed in one piece.
  • the spring ring 51 is punched out of spring steel and is initially as shown in FIG Fig. 4 shown above, namely with tongues 54 lying in the plane of the ring.
  • the tongues 54 are then bent upwards by approx. 85 °, as shown in the sectional side view in FIG Fig. 4 can be seen below. If the tongues 54 are now bent further inward during assembly, they spring radially outward in the direction of arrow 55.
  • Fig. 5 shows an enlarged representation of the in Fig. 1 with I designated section of the closed switch 10.
  • the spring ring 43 from Fig. 3 rests with its annular surface 44 on top of the spacer ring 17 and is clamped between this and the upper part 15 and thus fixed.
  • the tongues 46 lie in a gap 57 between the spacer ring 17 and a radially outwardly facing edge 58 of the current transmission member 24.
  • the tongues 46 were bent radially outward during assembly and extend at almost 90 ° to the annular surface 44, so that they are resiliently biased radially inward and rest against the edge 58, which is indicated by the arrow 47.
  • Fig. 6 shows an enlarged Representation of the in Fig. 2 with I designated section of the closed switch 10.
  • the tongues 46 come free from its edge 58, move radially inward and thus pass over the current transmission member 24, which they permanently mechanically lock by contacting its upper side 59. In the area in which the tongues 46 rest on the upper side 59, this is preferably not electrically conductive.
  • the current transmission member 24 is consequently prevented from moving upwards again into contact with the two counter-contacts 19, 21, even if the switching mechanism 12 cools down again and the spring washer 27 is snapped back into its first configuration.
  • Fig. 7 shows an enlarged representation of the in Fig. 1 with I designated section of the closed switch 10.
  • the spring ring 51 from Fig. 4 rests with its annular surface 52 on the upper side 59 of the current transmission member 24 and is suitably fixed there, for example by gluing or soldering. In the area in which the spring ring 51 rests on the upper side 59, this is preferably not electrically conductive.
  • the tongues 54 rest on a radially inwardly facing inner surface 61 of the spacer ring 17.
  • the tongues 54 were bent radially inward during assembly through contact with the spacer ring 24 and extend at almost 90 ° to the ring surface 52, so that they rest against the inner surface 61 in a radially outwardly resilient manner. which is indicated by the arrow 51.
  • the assembly is carried out in such a way that first the switching mechanism 12 is inserted into the lower part 14 and then the spacer ring 17. The spring ring is then pushed into the spacer ring 17 until it rests on the upper side 59 of the current transmission member 24. The spring ring 51 is then fixed on the upper side 59.
  • Fig. 8 shows an enlarged representation of the in Fig. 2 with I designated section of the closed switch 10.
  • the tongues 54 come free from the inner surface 61, move radially outward and enter the radially outwardly recessed recess 62 in the spacer ring 17 located below the inner surface 61.
  • the current transmission member 24 is permanently mechanically locked by the contact of the tongues 54 in the recess 62.
  • the current transmission member 24 is consequently prevented from moving upwards again into contact with the two counter-contacts 19, 21, even if the switching mechanism 12 cools down again and the spring washer 27 is snapped back into its first configuration.
  • the spring ring 51 can also be fastened to the current transmission member 24 by means of clips 63 which are arranged on the spring ring 51 and which encompass the current transmission member 24. This type of fixation takes place when the spring ring 51 is pushed in and saves the subsequent fixing by gluing or soldering.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen temperaturabhängigen Schalter, der einen ersten und einen zweiten stationären Gegenkontakt sowie ein temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk mit einem Stromübertragungsglied aufweist, wobei das Schaltwerk in Abhängigkeit von seiner Temperatur den Schalter entweder schließt, indem das Stromübertragungsglied gegen den ersten und den zweiten Gegenkontakt gedrückt und dabei über das Stromübertragungsglied eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen den beiden Gegenkontakten hergestellt wird, oder öffnet, indem das Stromübertragungsglied im Abstand zu dem ersten und dem zweiten Gegenkontakt gehalten und somit die elektrisch leitende Verbindung unterbrochen wird, wobei eine Schließsperre vorgesehen ist, die den Schalter geöffnet hält, wenn er zum ersten Mal geöffnet wurde.The present invention relates to a temperature-dependent switch which has a first and a second stationary counter-contact and a temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a current transmission element, the switching mechanism either closing the switch depending on its temperature by pressing the current transmission element against the first and second counter-contact and an electrically conductive connection is established between the two mating contacts via the current transfer element, or it is opened by holding the current transfer element at a distance from the first and second mating contacts and thus interrupting the electrically conductive connection, with a locking device being provided which opens the switch holds when first opened.

Ein derartiger Schalter ist aus der DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 bekannt.Such a switch is from the DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 famous.

Der bekannte Schalter weist ein temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk mit einer temperaturabhängigen Bimetall-Schnappscheibe und einer bistabilen Federscheibe auf, die einen beweglichen Gegenkontakt oder ein Stromübertragungsglied in Form eines Kontakttellers trägt. Wenn die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe auf eine Temperatur oberhalb ihrer Ansprechtemperatur erhitzt wird, hebt sie den Gegenkontakt oder das Stromübertragungsglied gegen die Kraft der Federscheibe von dem Gegenkontakt oder den Gegenkontakten ab und drückt dabei die Federscheibe in ihre zweite stabile Konfiguration, in der sich das Schaltwerk in seiner Hochtemperaturstellung befindet.The known switch has a temperature-dependent switching mechanism with a temperature-dependent bimetal snap-action disk and a bistable spring disk which carries a movable counter-contact or a current transmission element in the form of a contact plate. If the bimetallic snap disk is heated to a temperature above its response temperature, it lifts the mating contact or the current transmission element against the force of the spring washer from the mating contact or contacts and thereby pushes the spring washer into its second stable configuration in which the switching mechanism is in its high-temperature position.

Kühlen sich der Schalter und damit die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe wieder ab, so springt diese in ihre erste Konfiguration zurück. Sie kann sich konstruktionsbedingt mit ihrem Rand aber nicht an einem Gegenlager abstützen, so dass die Federscheibe in der Konfiguration verbleibt, in der der Schalter geöffnet ist.If the switch and thus the bimetal snap disk cool down again, it jumps back into its first configuration. Due to its design, however, its edge cannot be supported on a counter bearing, so that the spring washer remains in the configuration in which the switch is open.

Der bekannte Schalter bleibt also nach einmaligem Öffnen in seiner geöffneten Stellung, auch wenn er wieder abkühlt. Allerdings haben Versuche in der Firma des Anmelders ergeben, dass der bekannte Schalter sich bei stärkeren mechanischen Erschütterungen doch wieder schließt, so dass er unter Sicherheitsaspekten in einigen Anwendungsfällen ggf. nicht optimal einsetzbar ist.The known switch remains in its open position after it has been opened once, even if it cools down again. However, tests in the applicant's company have shown that the known switch closes again in the event of strong mechanical vibrations, so that it may not be optimally usable from a safety point of view in some applications.

Ein aus der DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 bekannter Schalter weist drei Schaltstellungen auf. In seiner Tieftemperaturstellung ist der Schalter geschlossen, so dass die beiden Gegenkontakte elektrisch miteinander verbunden sind.One from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 known switch has three switch positions. In its low temperature position, the switch is closed so that the two mating contacts are electrically connected to one another.

In seiner Hochtemperaturstellung ist der Schalter geöffnet, so dass kein Strom durch den Schalter fließen kann. In seiner Abkühlstellung bleibt der Schalter weiterhin geöffnet, obwohl sich die Schnappscheibe wieder abgekühlt hat und somit ihre Tieftemperaturkonfiguration wieder eingenommen hat.In its high temperature position, the switch is open so that no current can flow through the switch. In its cooling position, the switch remains open, although the snap disk has cooled down again and has thus resumed its low-temperature configuration.

Auf diese Weise ist der temperaturabhängige Schalter ein Einmalschalter, der nach einmaligem Öffnen auch dann geöffnet bleibt, wenn sich die Temperatur der Schnappscheibe wieder verringert hat.In this way, the temperature-dependent switch is a one-time switch that, after opening it once, remains open even when the temperature of the snap disk has decreased again.

Vergleichbare Einmalschalter sind aus der DE 86 25 999 U1 sowie der DE 25 44 201 A bekannt.Comparable one-time switches are from the DE 86 25 999 U1 as well as the DE 25 44 201 A famous.

Derartige temperaturabhängige Schalter werden in bekannter Weise dazu verwendet, elektrische Geräte vor Überhitzung zu schützen. Dazu wird der Schalter elektrisch mit dem zu schützenden Gerät und dessen Versorgungsspannung in Reihe geschaltet und mechanisch so an dem Gerät angeordnet, dass er mit diesem in thermischer Verbindung steht.Such temperature-dependent switches are used in a known manner to protect electrical devices from overheating. For this purpose, the switch is electrically connected in series with the device to be protected and its supply voltage and mechanically arranged on the device in such a way that it is in thermal connection with it.

Unterhalb der Ansprechtemperatur der Schnappscheibe sind die beiden Gegenkontakte elektrisch miteinander verbunden, so dass der Stromkreis geschlossen ist und der Laststrom des zu schützenden Gerätes über den Schalter fließt. Erhöht sich die Temperatur über einen zulässigen Wert hinaus, so hebt die Schnappscheibe das Kontaktglied gegen die Stellkraft der Federscheibe von dem Gegenkontakt ab, wodurch der Schalter geöffnet und der Laststrom des zu schützenden Gerätes unterbrochen wird.Below the response temperature of the snap disk, the two mating contacts are electrically connected to one another so that the circuit is closed and the load current of the device to be protected flows through the switch. If the temperature rises above a permissible value, the snap disk lifts the contact element against the actuating force of the spring washer from the mating contact, whereby the switch is opened and the load current of the device to be protected is interrupted.

Das jetzt stromlose Gerät kann dann wieder abkühlen. Dabei kühlt sich auch der thermisch an das Gerät angekoppelte Schalter wieder ab, der daraufhin eigentlich selbsttätig wieder schließen würde.The now de-energized device can then cool down again. The switch that is thermally coupled to the device also cools down again and would then actually close again automatically.

Bei den vier oben genannten Schaltern ist nun dafür gesorgt, dass diese Rückschaltung in der Abkühlstellung nicht erfolgt, so dass sich das zu schützende Gerät nach dem Abschalten nicht wieder automatisch einschalten kann. Dies ist eine Sicherheitsfunktion, die Beschädigungen vermeiden soll, wie es beispielsweise für Elektromotoren gilt, die als Antriebsaggregate eingesetzt werden.With the four switches mentioned above, it is now ensured that this switch back does not take place in the cooling position, so that the device to be protected cannot switch itself on again automatically after it has been switched off. This is a safety function that is intended to prevent damage, as is the case, for example, with electric motors that are used as drive units.

Es ist auch bekannt, derartige temperaturabhängige Schalter mit einem sogenannten Selbsthaltewiderstand zu versehen, der parallel zu den beiden Gegenkontakten geschaltet ist, so dass er einen Teil des Laststroms übernimmt, wenn der Schalter öffnet. In diesem Selbsthaltewiderstand wird dann Ohm'sche Wärme erzeugt, die ausreichend ist, um die Schnappscheibe oberhalb ihrer Ansprechtemperatur zu halten.It is also known to provide such temperature-dependent switches with a so-called self-holding resistor, which is connected in parallel to the two mating contacts, so that it takes over part of the load current when the switch opens. Ohmic heat is then generated in this self-holding resistor, which is sufficient to keep the snap disk above its response temperature.

Diese Selbsthaltung ist jedoch nur solange aktiv, wie das elektrische Gerät noch eingeschaltet ist. Sobald das Gerät von dem Versorgungsstromkreis abgeschaltet wird, fließt auch kein Strom mehr durch den temperaturabhängigen Schalter, so dass die Selbsthaltefunktion entfällt.However, this self-holding is only active as long as the electrical device is still switched on. As soon as the device is switched off from the supply circuit, There is also no more current flowing through the temperature-dependent switch, so that the self-holding function is no longer applicable.

Nach dem Wiedereinschalten des elektrischen Gerätes würde sich der Schalter wieder in geschlossenem Zustand befinden, so dass sich das Gerät wieder aufheizen kann, was zu Folgeschäden führen könnte.After switching on the electrical device again, the switch would be in the closed state again, so that the device can heat up again, which could lead to consequential damage.

Diese Problematik wird bei den aus der DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 und der DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 bekannten temperaturabhängigen Schaltern vermieden, bei denen die Selbsthaltefunktion nicht elektrisch sondern durch ein bistables Federteil realisiert wird, das temperaturunabhängig zwei stabile geometrische Konfigurationen aufweist, wie es in den oben zitierten Druckschriften beschrieben ist.This problem arises from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 and the DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 avoided known temperature-dependent switches in which the self-holding function is not implemented electrically but by a bistable spring part, which has two stable geometric configurations independent of temperature, as described in the publications cited above.

Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Schnappscheibe eine bistabile Schnappscheibe, die temperaturabhängig entweder eine Hochtemperaturkonfiguration oder eine Tieftemperaturkonfiguration einnimmt.In contrast to this, the snap-action disk is a bistable snap-action disk which, depending on the temperature, assumes either a high-temperature configuration or a low-temperature configuration.

Bei dem aus der eingangs erwähnten DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 bekannten Schalter ist die Federscheibe eine kreisförmige Federscheibe, an der mittig ein Kontaktglied befestigt ist. Das Kontaktglied ist beispielsweise ein bewegliches Kontaktteil, das durch die Federscheibe gegen den ersten stationären Gegenkontakt gedrückt wird, der innen an einem Deckel des Gehäuses des bekannten Schalters angeordnet ist.In the case of the one mentioned at the beginning DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 known switch, the spring washer is a circular spring washer to which a contact member is attached in the center. The contact member is, for example, a movable contact part which is pressed by the spring washer against the first stationary mating contact which is arranged on the inside on a cover of the housing of the known switch.

Mit ihrem Rand drückt sich die Federscheibe an einem inneren Boden eines Unterteils des Gehäuses ab, der als zweiter Gegenkontakt wirkt.With its edge, the spring washer is pressed against an inner base of a lower part of the housing, which acts as a second mating contact.

Auf diese Weise stellt die selbst elektrisch leitende Federscheibe eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen den beiden Gegenkontakten her.In this way, the self-electrically conductive spring washer creates an electrically conductive connection between the two mating contacts.

Der Außenanschluss des bekannten Schalters erfolgt zum einen über die Außenseite des elektrisch leitenden Unterteiles und zum anderen über eine Durchkontaktierung des ersten stationären Gegenkontaktes durch das Oberteil hindurch auf dessen Außenseite, wo beispielsweise ein Lötanschluss vorgesehen sein kann.The external connection of the known switch is made on the one hand via the outside of the electrically conductive lower part and on the other hand via a plated through-hole of the first stationary mating contact through the upper part on its outside, where, for example, a solder connection can be provided.

Die bistabile Schnappscheibe ist bei den bekannten Schaltern eine Bimetall-Schnappscheibe, die bei Überschreiten ihrer Ansprechtemperatur von ihrer konvexen in eine konkave Konfiguration umspringt.In the known switches, the bistable snap-action disk is a bimetallic snap-action disk that changes from its convex to concave configuration when its response temperature is exceeded.

Die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe des aus der DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 bekannten Schalters weist zentrisch eine Durchgangsöffnung auf, mit der sie über das bewegliche Kontaktteil gestülpt ist, das an der Federscheibe befestigt ist.The bimetal snap disk of the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 known switch has centrally a through opening with which it is slipped over the movable contact part which is attached to the spring washer.

In ihrer Tieftemperaturstellung liegt die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe lose an dem Kontaktteil. Erhöht sich die Temperatur der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe, so springt sie in ihre Hochtemperaturstellung um, in der sie sich mit ihrem Rand innen an dem Oberteil des Gehäuses abdrückt und dabei mit ihrem Zentrum so auf die Federscheibe drückt, dass diese von ihrer ersten in ihre zweite stabile Konfiguration umspringt, wodurch das bewegliche Kontaktteil von dem stationären Gegenkontakt abgehoben und der Schalter geöffnet wird.In its low-temperature position, the bimetal snap disk lies loosely on the contact part. If the temperature of the bimetal snap disk increases, it jumps to its high temperature position, in which it presses itself with its edge on the inside of the upper part of the housing and thereby presses with its center on the spring washer so that it moves from its first to its second stable configuration jumps, whereby the movable contact part is lifted from the stationary mating contact and the switch is opened.

Kühlt sich die Temperatur des Schalters wieder ab, so springt die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe wieder in ihre Tieftemperaturstellung um. Dabei gelangt sie mit ihrem Rand in Anlage mit dem Rand der Federscheibe und mit ihrem Zentrum in Anlage mit dem Oberteil des Gehäuses. Die Stellkraft der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe reicht jedoch nicht aus, um die Federscheibe wieder in ihre erste Konfiguration umspringen zu lassen.When the temperature of the switch cools down again, the bimetal snap-action disk jumps back to its low-temperature position. It comes with its edge in contact with the edge of the spring washer and with its center in contact with the upper part of the housing. However, the actuating force of the bimetal snap disk is not sufficient to allow the spring washer to jump back into its first configuration.

Erst durch starkes Abkühlen des Schalters krümmt sich die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe weiter um, so dass sie schließlich den Rand der Federscheibe so weit auf den inneren Boden des Unterteiles herunterdrücken kann, dass die Federscheibe wieder in ihre erste Konfiguration umspringt und den Schalter wieder schließt.Only when the switch cools down does the bimetallic snap disk bend further, so that it can finally press the edge of the spring washer so far down onto the inner base of the lower part that the spring washer reverts to its first configuration and closes the switch again.

Der aus der DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 bekannte Schalter bleibt also nach einmaligem Öffnen solange geöffnet, bis er auf eine Temperatur unter Raumtemperatur abgekühlt wurde, wozu beispielsweise ein Kältespray verwendet werden kann.The one from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 Known switch remains open after a single opening until it has cooled to a temperature below room temperature, for which purpose a cold spray can be used, for example.

Obwohl dieser Schalter in vielen Anwendungsfällen den entsprechenden Sicherheitsanforderungen genügt, hat sich doch herausgestellt, dass durch das Verspannen der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe zwischen dem Oberteil des Gehäuses und dem Rand der Federscheibe in seltenen Fällen doch ein ungewolltes Rückspringen der Federscheibe erfolgt.Although this switch meets the corresponding safety requirements in many applications, it has been found that the tensioning of the bimetal snap disk between the upper part of the housing and the edge of the spring washer in rare cases causes the spring washer to spring back unintentionally.

Der bekannte Schalter führt gemäß der obigen Darstellung den Laststrom des zu schützenden Gerätes durch die Federscheibe, was nur bis zu einer gewissen Stromstärke möglich ist. Bei höheren Stromstärken erwärmt sich nämlich die Federscheibe so weit, dass diese Stromeigenerwärmung dazu führt, dass die Schalttemperatur der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe erreicht wird, bevor das zu schützende Gerät tatsächlich seine unzulässige Temperatur erreicht hat.As shown above, the known switch carries the load current of the device to be protected through the spring washer, which is only possible up to a certain current strength. At higher currents, the spring washer heats up to such an extent that this self-heating leads to the switching temperature of the bimetal snap-action disk being reached before the device to be protected has actually reached its impermissible temperature.

Bei dem aus der DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 bekannten Schalter ist die Federscheibe mit ihrem Rand an dem Unterteil des Gehäuses festgelegt, während zwischen der Federscheibe und dem inneren Boden des Unterteils die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe vorgesehen ist.The one from the DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 known switch, the spring washer is fixed with its edge on the lower part of the housing, while the bimetal snap disk is provided between the spring washer and the inner bottom of the lower part.

Unterhalb der Ansprechtemperatur der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe drückt die Federscheibe den Kontaktteller gegen die beiden Gegenkontakte. Springt die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe in ihre Hochtemperaturstellung um, so drückt sie mit ihrem Rand gegen die Federscheibe und zieht mit ihrem Zentrum die Federscheibe von dem Oberteil weg, so dass der Kontaktteller außer Anlage mit den beiden Gegenkontakten gerät. Damit dies geometrisch möglich ist, sind Kontaktteller, Federscheibe sowie Bimetall-Schnappscheibe durch einen zentrisch verlaufenden Niet unverlierbar miteinander verbunden.Below the response temperature of the bimetal snap disk, the spring washer presses the contact plate against the two mating contacts. If the bimetal snap disk jumps to its high temperature position, its edge presses against the spring washer and its center pulls the spring washer away from the upper part, so that the contact plate is out of contact with the two mating contacts. So that this is geometrically possible, the contact plate, spring washer and bimetallic snap-action washer are captively connected to one another by a centrally running rivet.

Wenn sich die Temperatur der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe wieder absenkt, springt diese zwar in ihre Tieftemperaturstellung zurück, die Federscheibe verbleibt jedoch in ihrer eingenommenen Konfiguration, da der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe ein Gegenlager für ihren Rand fehlt, so dass sie das Stromübertragungsglied nicht wieder gegen die beiden stationären Gegenkontakte drücken kann.When the temperature of the bimetal snap disk drops again, it jumps back into its low temperature position, but the spring disk remains in its assumed configuration, since the bimetal snap disk lacks a counter bearing for its edge, so that the current transmission element does not again against the two can press stationary mating contacts.

Dieser Schalter weist also konstruktionsbedingt eine Selbsthaltefunktion auf. Bei starken mechanischen Erschütterungen kann in selten Fällen aber auch hier ein ungewolltes Rückspringen der Federscheibe erfolgen.Due to its design, this switch therefore has a self-holding function. In the case of strong mechanical vibrations, however, in rare cases, the spring washer can also spring back unintentionally.

Aus der eingangs bereits erwähnten DE 25 44 201 A1 ist ein temperaturabhängiger Schalter mit einem als Kontaktbrücke ausgeführten Stromübertragungsglied bekannt, bei dem die Kontaktbrücke über eine Schließfeder gegen zwei stationäre Gegenkontakte gedrückt wird.From the already mentioned DE 25 44 201 A1 a temperature-dependent switch with a current transfer element designed as a contact bridge is known, in which the contact bridge is pressed against two stationary mating contacts via a closing spring.

Über einen Betätigungsbolzen ist die Kontaktbrücke mit einem temperaturabhängigen Schaltwerk in Kontakt, das aus einer Bimetall-Schnappscheibe sowie einer Federscheibe besteht, die beide an ihrem Rand eingespannt sind.The contact bridge is in contact with a temperature-dependent switching mechanism via an actuating bolt, which consists of a bimetallic snap disk and a spring washer, both of which are clamped at their edge.

Wie bei dem aus der DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 bekannten Schalter sind die Federscheibe sowie die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe beide bistabil, die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe auf temperaturabhängige Weise und die Federscheibe auf temperaturunabhängige Weise.As with the one from the DE 10 2007 042 188 B3 known switches, the spring washer and the bimetal snap disk are both bistable, the bimetal snap disk in a temperature-dependent manner and the spring washer in a temperature-independent manner.

Erhöht sich die Temperatur der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe, so drückt sie die Federscheibe in ihre zweite Konfiguration, in der diese den Betätigungsbolzen gegen die Kontaktbrücke drückt und diese dabei gegen die Kraft der Schließfeder von den stationären Gegenkontakten abhebt.If the temperature of the bimetal snap disk increases, it presses the spring washer into its second configuration, in which it presses the actuating bolt against the contact bridge and lifts it against the force of the closing spring from the stationary mating contacts.

Auch beim Abkühlen der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe verbleibt die Federscheibe in dieser zweiten Konfiguration und hält den bekannten Schalter gegen die Kraft der Schließfeder geöffnet.Even when the bimetal snap disk cools down, the spring disk remains in this second configuration and keeps the known switch open against the force of the closing spring.

Von außen kann jetzt durch einen Knopf Druck auf die Kontaktbrücke ausgeübt werden, so dass dadurch über den Betätigungsbolzen die Federscheibe in ihre erste stabile Konfiguration zurückgedrückt wird.From the outside, pressure can now be exerted on the contact bridge with a button, so that the spring washer is pushed back into its first stable configuration via the actuating bolt.

Neben der sehr aufwändigen Konstruktion weist dieser Schalter zum einen den Nachteil auf, dass im geöffneten Zustand die Federscheibe die Kontaktbrücke gegen die Kraft der Schließfeder von den Gegenkontakten abhebt, so dass die Federscheibe in ihrer zweiten Konfiguration die Kraft der Schließfeder zuverlässig überwinden muss. Weil die Schließfeder im geschlossenen Zustand jedoch für die sichere Anlage der Kontaktbrücke an den Gegenkontakten sorgt, ist hier eine Federscheibe mit sehr hoher Stabilität in der zweiten Konfiguration erforderlich.In addition to the very complex construction, this switch has the disadvantage that, in the open state, the spring washer counteracts the force of the contact bridge The closing spring lifts off the mating contacts, so that the spring washer in its second configuration must reliably overcome the force of the closing spring. However, because the closing spring ensures that the contact bridge rests securely on the mating contacts in the closed state, a spring washer with very high stability is required in the second configuration.

Ein weiterer Schalter mit drei Schaltstellungen ist aus der bereits erwähnten DE 86 25 999 U1 bekannt. Bei diesem bekannten Schalter ist eine einseitig eingespannte Federzunge vorgesehen, die an ihrem freien Ende ein bewegliches Kontaktteil trägt, das mit einem festen Gegenkontakt zusammenwirkt.Another switch with three switch positions is from that already mentioned DE 86 25 999 U1 famous. In this known switch, a spring tongue clamped in on one side is provided which, at its free end, carries a movable contact part which cooperates with a fixed counter-contact.

An dieser Federzunge ist eine Kalotte ausgebildet, die durch eine ebenfalls an der Federzunge befestigte Bimetallplatte in ihre zweite Konfiguration gedrückt wird, in der sie das bewegliche Kontaktteil zu dem stationären Gegenkontakt beabstandet.A dome is formed on this spring tongue, which is pressed into its second configuration by a bimetal plate also fastened to the spring tongue, in which it spaces the movable contact part from the stationary mating contact.

Die Kalotte muss bei diesem Schalter gegen die Schließkraft der einseitig eingespannten Federzunge das bewegliche Kontaktteil im Abstand zu dem festen Gegenkontakt halten, so dass die Kalotte in ihrer zweiten Konfiguration eine hohe Stellkraft aufbringen muss.With this switch, the dome must hold the movable contact part at a distance from the fixed mating contact against the closing force of the spring tongue clamped in on one side, so that the dome in its second configuration has to apply a high actuating force.

Der bekannte Schalter weist damit die oben bereits diskutierten Nachteile auf, dass nämlich hohe Stellkräfte zu überwinden sind, was zu hohen Fertigungskosten und zu einem nicht sicheren Zustand in der Abkühlstellung führt.The known switch thus has the disadvantages already discussed above, namely that high actuating forces have to be overcome, which leads to high production costs and an unsafe state in the cooling position.

Aus der Druckschrift DE 10 2012 103279 B3 ist ein Schalter bekannt, der in einem Ausführungsbeispiel wie der aus der eingangs erwähnten DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 bekannte Schalter einen Kontaktteller aufweist, der hier jedoch durch die Schließsperre dauerhaft mechanisch arretiert wird, wenn der Schalter zum ersten Mal geöffnet wurde. Die Schließsperre umfasst ein erstes Rastglied an dem Rand des Kontakttellers und ein damit zusammenwirkendes zweites Rastglied, das an einer Innenseite eines Distanzringes angeordnet ist. Die Montage dieses Schalters hat sich als z.T. problematisch erwiesen.From the pamphlet DE 10 2012 103279 B3 a switch is known which, in an embodiment like that from the aforementioned DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 known switch has a contact plate which, however, is permanently mechanically locked here by the locking device when the switch has been opened for the first time. The locking device comprises a first latching member on the edge of the contact plate and a second latching member which interacts therewith and which is arranged on an inside of a spacer ring. The assembly of this switch has proven to be problematic in some cases.

Die Druckschrift DE 10 2012 103279 B3 offenbart einen weiteren temperaturabhängigen Schalter, der dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 entspricht.The pamphlet DE 10 2012 103279 B3 discloses a further temperature-dependent switch which corresponds to the preamble of claim 1.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, den eingangs erwähnten Schalter derart weiterzubilden, dass er bei konstruktiv einfachem Aufbau für eine sichere, dauerhafte Unterbrechung des Stromkreises auch bei starken Erschütterungen sorgt.Against this background, the present invention is based on the object of developing the switch mentioned at the beginning in such a way that, with a structurally simple structure, it ensures a safe, permanent interruption of the circuit even in the event of strong vibrations.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch den temperaturabhängigen Schalter gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the temperature-dependent switch according to independent claim 1.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird auf diese Weise vollkommen gelöst.The object on which the invention is based is completely achieved in this way.

Weil erfindungsgemäß die Schließsperre das Stromübertragungsglied mechanisch dauerhaft arretiert, kann der neue Schalter sich nach einmaligem Öffnen nicht wieder schließen, selbst wenn starke Erschütterungen oder Temperaturschwankungen auftreten. Durch die mechanische Arretierung wird folglich auch der Schalter mechanisch arretiert, was im Rahmen der vorliegenden Anmeldung synonym verwendet wird.Because according to the invention the locking device mechanically permanently locks the current transmission element, the new switch cannot close again after it has been opened once, even if strong vibrations or temperature fluctuations occur. As a result of the mechanical locking, the switch is consequently also mechanically locked, which is used synonymously in the context of the present application.

Die Schließsperre wird dabei durch den Federring realisiert, der bei der Montage des neuen Schalters ohne größere Probleme eingelegt und ggf. mit dem Stromübertragungsglied verbunden werden kann.The locking lock is realized by the spring ring, which can be inserted without major problems during the assembly of the new switch and, if necessary, connected to the current transmission element.

Das temperaturabhängige Schaltwerk enthält ein temperaturabhängiges Schnappglied, vorzugsweise eine Bimetall-Schnappscheibe, das bzw. die in üblicher Weise das Öffnen des Schaltwerkes bewirkt, indem es bzw. sie das Stromübertragungsglied von den stationären Gegenkontakt abhebt. Erfindungsgemäß wird der einmal geöffnete Schalter dann im geöffneten Zustand arretiert.The temperature-dependent switching mechanism contains a temperature-dependent snap element, preferably a bimetallic snap-action disk, which in the usual way causes the switching mechanism to open by lifting the current transmission element from the stationary counter-contact. According to the invention, the switch, once opened, is then locked in the open state.

Das temperaturabhängige Schaltwerk kann aber wie häufig üblich zusätzlich eine bistabile Federscheibe aufweisen, die bei geschlossenem Schalter die Schließkraft und damit den Kontaktdruck zwischen dem beweglichen Stromübertragungsglied und den Gegenkontakten bewirkt. Dadurch wird die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe mechanisch entlastet, was ihre Lebensdauer und die Langzeitstabilität der Ansprechtemperatur positiv beeinflusst.As is often the case, the temperature-dependent switching mechanism can additionally have a bistable spring washer which, when the switch is closed, controls the closing force and thus the contact pressure between the movable current transmission element and the mating contacts causes. This relieves the mechanical load on the bimetal snap-action disk, which has a positive effect on its service life and the long-term stability of the response temperature.

Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es bevorzugt, wenn das temperaturabhängige Schaltwerk eine temperaturabhängige Schnappscheibe mit einer geometrischen Hochtemperaturkonfiguration und einer geometrischen Tieftemperaturkonfiguration sowie eine bistabile Federscheibe umfasst, an der das Stromübertragungsglied angeordnet ist, wobei die Federscheibe zwei temperaturunabhängig stabile geometrische Konfigurationen aufweist und in ihrer ersten Konfiguration das Stromübertragungsglied gegen den ersten und den zweiten Gegenkontakt drückt und in ihrer zweiten Konfiguration das Stromübertragungsglied von dem ersten und dem zweiten Gegenkontakt wegdrückt.Against this background, it is preferred if the temperature-dependent switching mechanism comprises a temperature-dependent snap-action disk with a geometrical high-temperature configuration and a geometrical low-temperature configuration, as well as a bistable spring washer on which the current transmission element is arranged, the spring washer having two geometrical configurations that are stable regardless of temperature and in its first configuration that Current transmission member presses against the first and the second mating contact and, in its second configuration, pushes the current transmission member away from the first and the second mating contact.

Weiter ist es bevorzugt, wenn die Schnappscheibe sich beim Übergang von ihrer Tieftemperaturkonfiguration in ihre Hochtemperaturkonfiguration mit ihrem Rand innen an dem Schalter abstützt und dabei so auf die Federscheibe einwirkt, dass diese von ihrer ersten in ihre zweite stabile Konfiguration umspringt, wobei weiter vorzugsweise die Schnappscheibe und die Federscheibe über ihr jeweiliges Zentrum an dem Stromübertragungsglied festgelegt sind.It is also preferred if the snap disk is supported with its edge on the inside of the switch during the transition from its low-temperature configuration to its high-temperature configuration and acts on the spring disk in such a way that it jumps around from its first to its second stable configuration, the snap disk being further preferred and the spring washers are fixed to the current transmission member via their respective centers.

Hier ist von Vorteil, dass für den neuen Schalter weitgehend übliche temperaturabhängige Schaltwerke verwendet werden können, so dass der konstruktive Aufwand für die Aufnahme der Serienfertigung des neuen Schalters gering ist.The advantage here is that largely customary temperature-dependent switching mechanisms can be used for the new switch, so that the design effort for starting the series production of the new switch is low.

Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Schnappscheibe an dem Stromübertragungsglied festgelegt ist, und für den Rand der Schnappscheibe ein Freiraum vorgesehen ist, in den der Rand zumindest zum Teil hineinragt, wenn die Schnappscheibe bei in ihrer zweiten Konfiguration befindlicher Federscheibe wieder ihre Tieftemperaturkonfiguration einnimmt.It is particularly preferred if the snap disk is fixed to the current transmission member and a free space is provided for the edge of the snap disk, into which the edge protrudes at least partially when the snap disk resumes its low-temperature configuration with the spring disk in its second configuration.

Diese Konstruktion weist die aus der eingangs erwähnten DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 bekannten Vorteile auf. Wenn die Schnappscheibe wieder in ihre Tieftemperaturstellung zurückspringt, so gelangt ihr Rand in den Freiraum, in dem für sie kein Widerlager vorgesehen ist, so dass sie die Federscheibe nicht wieder in ihre erste Konfiguration zurückdrücken kann.This construction has that from the aforementioned DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 known advantages. When the snap disk jumps back into its low-temperature position, its edge gets into the free space in which no abutment is provided for it so that it cannot push the spring washer back into its first configuration.

Auch starke mechanische Erschütterungen führen hier nicht dazu, dass die Federscheibe wieder in ihre erste Konfiguration zurückspringt, in der sie den Schalter wieder schließen würde, da sie daran erfindungsgemäß durch die Schließsperre gehindert wird.Even strong mechanical vibrations do not lead to the spring washer jumping back into its first configuration in which it would close the switch again, since it is prevented from doing so by the locking device according to the invention.

Ohne diesen Freiraum, also bei einem Aufbau des Schalters, wie er beispielsweise in der eingangs erwähnten DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 als Ausgangspunkt der dortigen Erfindung dient, würde die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe beim Zurückspringen in ihre Tieftemperaturkonfiguration Druck auf die Federscheibe ausüben, die diese wieder in ihre andere stabile geometrische Konfiguration umschnappen lassen würde. Dieser Vorgang wird erfindungsgemäß jedoch durch die Schließsperre verhindert.Without this free space, that is, with a structure of the switch as mentioned, for example, in FIG DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 serves as the starting point of the invention there, the bimetal snap disk would exert pressure on the spring disk when it springs back into its low-temperature configuration, which would snap it back into its other stable geometric configuration. According to the invention, however, this process is prevented by the locking device.

Wenn jetzt in einer Weiterbildung zusätzlich zu der mechanischen Arretierung durch die Schließsperre der Freiraum für den Rand der Bimetall-Schnappscheibe vorgesehen wird, entsteht zunächst einmal kein Schließdruck, den die Schließsperre aufnehmen muss. Wie in der DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 dargelegt, bleibt der Schalter dauerhaft geöffnet.If, in a further development, the free space for the edge of the bimetal snap disk is provided in addition to the mechanical locking by the locking lock, there is initially no closing pressure that the locking lock has to absorb. Like in the DE 10 2013 101 392 A1 stated, the switch remains open permanently.

Wenn jedoch starke mechanische Erschütterungen dazu führen, dass die Federscheibe doch in ihre Tieftemperaturkonfiguration zurückspringt, so hält die gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung vorgesehene mechanische Arretierung den Schalter dennoch geöffnet.If, however, strong mechanical vibrations cause the spring washer to spring back into its low-temperature configuration, the mechanical locking provided according to the present invention still keeps the switch open.

In dieser Weiterbildung muss die Schließsperre nur in seltenen Fällen den Schließdruck aufnehmen, was die Zuverlässigkeit des neuen Schalters weiter steigert.In this development, the locking device only has to absorb the locking pressure in rare cases, which further increases the reliability of the new switch.

Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn der Schalter ein Gehäuse umfasst, an dem die beiden Gegenkontakte vorgesehen sind, und in dem das Schaltwerk angeordnet ist.It is particularly preferred if the switch comprises a housing on which the two mating contacts are provided and in which the switching mechanism is arranged.

Diese Maßnahme ist an sich bekannt, sie sorgt dafür, dass das Schaltwerk vor dem Eintrag von Verschmutzungen geschützt ist. Das Gehäuse kann ein individuelles Gehäuse des Schalters oder eine Tasche an dem vor Überhitzung zu schützenden Gerät sein.This measure is known per se, it ensures that the switching mechanism is protected from the entry of dirt. The housing can be an individual housing of the switch or a pocket on the device to be protected from overheating.

Wenn die Federscheibe mit ihrem Rand an dem Gehäuse festgelegt ist, so wird durch die Festlegung der Federscheibe mit ihrem Rand an dem Gehäuse dafür gesorgt, dass das Stromübertragungsglied gegenüber den Gegenkontakten sicher positioniert bleibt.If the edge of the spring washer is fixed on the housing, the fixing of the spring washer with its edge on the housing ensures that the current transmission member remains securely positioned with respect to the mating contacts.

Weiter ist es bevorzugt, wenn das Gehäuse ein von einem Oberteil verschlossenes Unterteil aufweist, wobei an einer Innenseite des Oberteils die beiden Gegenkontakte angeordnet ist.It is also preferred if the housing has a lower part closed by an upper part, the two mating contacts being arranged on an inner side of the upper part.

Diese Maßnahme ist konstruktiv an sich bekannt, sie sorgt bei dem neuen Schalter dafür, dass beim Montieren des Oberteils an dem Unterteil gleichzeitig auch die geometrisch richtige Zuordnung zwischen dem Gegenkontakt oder den Gegenkontakten zu dem jeweiligen Kontaktglied hergestellt wird.This measure is structurally known per se; in the case of the new switch, it ensures that when the upper part is mounted on the lower part, the geometrically correct association between the mating contact or the mating contacts to the respective contact member is also established at the same time.

Weiter ist es bevorzugt, wenn das Unterteil einen inneren Boden aufweist, über dessen Randbereich ein Freiraum für den Rand der Schnappscheibe vorgesehen ist.It is further preferred if the lower part has an inner base, over the edge area of which a free space is provided for the edge of the snap disk.

Diese Maßnahme ist insbesondere konstruktiv von Vorteil, denn sie ermöglicht auf einfachste Weise, einen an sich bekannten temperaturabhängigen Schalter mit den drei eingangs erwähnten Schaltstellungen zu versehen, wenn dort jeweils ein bistabiles Federteil mit zwei temperaturunabhängig stabilen Konfigurationen verwendet wird.This measure is particularly advantageous from a constructional point of view, because it enables a known temperature-dependent switch to be provided with the three switching positions mentioned at the outset in the simplest possible manner, if a bistable spring part with two temperature-independent stable configurations is used there in each case.

Diese Maßnahme würde beispielsweise bei dem aus der DE 196 23 570 A1 bekannten Schalter mit beweglichem Kontaktteil für sich noch nicht dazu führen, dass der Schalter in der Abkühlstellung geöffnet bleibt, weil sich nämlich dort die Bimetall-Schnappscheibe mit ihrem Rand an dem äußeren Rand des Bodens abstützt und so das Federteil wieder in seine Hochtemperaturstellung drücken würde.This measure would, for example, from the DE 196 23 570 A1 known switch with movable contact part does not in itself lead to the fact that the switch remains open in the cooling position, because there the bimetallic snap disk is supported with its edge on the outer edge of the bottom and so would push the spring part back into its high temperature position.

Die gleiche Situation ergibt sich bei dem aus der DE 10 2011 016 142 A1 bekannten Schalter, bei dem unterhalb eines Stromübertragungsgliedes eine an ihrem Rand fest eingespannte Federscheibe sowie darunter eine Schnappscheibe angeordnet ist, die sich mit ihrem Rand ebenfalls innen am Boden des Unterteiles abstützt, so dass sie bei Abkühlung ein bistabiles Federteil wieder in ihre erste Konfiguration drücken würde.The same situation arises with the DE 10 2011 016 142 A1 known switch, in which a spring washer firmly clamped at its edge and underneath a snap disk is arranged below a current transmission element, which is also supported with its edge on the inside of the bottom of the lower part, so that it would press a bistable spring part back into its first configuration when it cooled down .

Um dies zu vermeiden, würde ohne den jetzt zusätzlich vorgesehenen Freiraum erforderlich sein, die Stellkraft der Federscheibe in ihrer zweiten Konfiguration so hoch auszulegen, dass sie durch die Schnappscheibe nicht in ihre erste Konfiguration zurückgedrückt werden kann.To avoid this, without the now additionally provided free space, it would be necessary to design the actuating force of the spring washer in its second configuration so high that it cannot be pushed back into its first configuration by the snap disk.

Mit anderen Worten, insbesondere dadurch, dass die Schnappscheibe zwischen der Federscheibe und dem Boden des Unterteils angeordnet wird, am Rand des Bodens jedoch ein Freiraum für den Rand der Schnappscheibe in ihrer Abkühlstellung vorgesehen ist, lässt sich der neue Schalter nicht nur einfach herstellen, er bleibt auch sicher in seiner Abkühlstellung geöffnet.In other words, in particular because the snap disk is arranged between the spring washer and the bottom of the lower part, but a free space is provided on the edge of the bottom for the edge of the snap disk in its cooling position, the new switch is not only easy to manufacture, it also remains securely open in its cooling position.

Das Unterteil kann dabei aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material und vorzugsweise das Oberteil aus elektrisch isolierendem Material gefertigt sein, wobei die bistabile Schnappscheibe eine Bi- oder Trimetall-Schnappscheibe sein kann.The lower part can be made of electrically conductive material and preferably the upper part of electrically insulating material, wherein the bistable snap disk can be a bi- or tri-metal snap disk.

Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn der Federring mit dem Stromübertragungsglied und einem zwischen dem Oberteil und dem Unterteil angeordneten Distanzring zusammenwirkt, wobei der Federring vorzugsweise einerseits zwischen Distanzring und Oberteil angeordnet ist und zumindest ein Sperrglied aufweist, das mit dem Stromübertragungsglied zusammenwirkt.It is particularly preferred if the spring ring cooperates with the current transmission member and a spacer ring arranged between the upper part and the lower part, the spring ring preferably being arranged on the one hand between the spacer ring and the upper part and having at least one locking member which cooperates with the current transmission member.

Derartige Distanzringe werden in temperaturabhängigen Schaltern häufig zwischen Unterteil und Oberteil eingefügt, um die erforderliche Bauhöhe zu erreichen, die einen hinreichend großen Schaltweg zwischen Gegenkontakt und Kontaktglied ermöglicht, um im geöffneten Schalter für die notwendige elektrische Isolation zu sorgen.Such spacer rings are often inserted between the lower part and the upper part in temperature-dependent switches in order to achieve the required overall height, which enables a sufficiently large switching path between the mating contact and the contact member to ensure the necessary electrical insulation in the open switch.

Hier ist die einfache Montage von Vorteil, denn nach dem bei dem Zusammenbau des Schalters sowieso erforderlichen Einlegen des Distanzringes wird als nächstes der Federring aufgelegt, der dann durch das danach aufgelegte Oberteil zusammen mit dem Distanzring und dem Schaltwerk fixiert wird. Um den Schaltweg und die Bauhöhe des Schalters nicht zu verändern, kann es erforderlich sein, den Distanzring etwas zu kürzen.Here the simple assembly is an advantage, because after the insertion of the spacer ring, which is required anyway when assembling the switch, the spring ring is placed next, which is then fixed by the upper part placed afterwards together with the spacer ring and the switching mechanism. In order not to change the switching path and the overall height of the switch, it may be necessary to shorten the spacer ring a little.

Dabei ist es dann bevorzugt, wenn das Sperrglied eine radial nach innen federnde Zunge aufweist, die unter Spannung an einem Rand des Stromübertragungsgliedes anliegt, wenn der Schalter geschlossen ist, und sich an dem Stromübertragungsglied abstützt, wenn der Schalter geöffnet ist.It is then preferred if the locking member has a radially inwardly resilient tongue which rests under tension on an edge of the current transmission member when the switch is closed and is supported on the current transmission member when the switch is open.

Dabei kann es erforderlich sein, eine Montagehilfe, beispielsweise ein Spreizwerkzeug, zu verwenden, damit sich die oder jede Zunge während der Montage des in der Tieftemperaturstellung befindlichen Schaltwerks zwischen dem radial nach außen weisenden Rand des Stromübertragungsgliedes und dem Distanzring einfädeln kann.It may be necessary to use an assembly aid, for example a spreader tool, so that the or each tongue can thread between the radially outwardly facing edge of the current transmission element and the spacer ring during assembly of the switching mechanism located in the low temperature position.

Die oder jede radial nach innen federnde Zunge liegt somit bei geschlossenem Schalter zwischen dem Distanzring und dem Stromübertragungsglied. Wenn der Schalter öffnet, bewegt sich das Stromübertragungsglied nach unten und die oder jede federnde Zunge kommt von dessen Rand frei und gelangt radial weiter nach innen über das Stromübertragungsglied, das somit durch die oder jede Zunge dauerhaft mechanisch arretiert und folglich daran gehindert wird, sich wieder nach oben in Anlage mit den beiden Gegenkontakten zu bewegen, selbst wenn das Schaltwerk wieder abkühlt und die Federscheibe in ihre erste Konfiguration zurückgeschnappt ist.The or each radially inwardly resilient tongue is thus located between the spacer ring and the current transmission member when the switch is closed. When the switch opens, the current transmission member moves downwards and the or each resilient tongue comes free from its edge and moves further radially inward over the current transmission member, which is thus permanently mechanically locked by the or each tongue and consequently prevented from moving again to move upwards in contact with the two mating contacts, even when the switching mechanism cools down again and the spring washer is snapped back into its first configuration.

Andererseits ist es bevorzugt, wenn der Federring auf dem Stromübertragungsglied angeordnet ist und zumindest ein Sperrglied aufweist, das mit dem Distanzring zusammenwirkt, wobei das Sperrglied vorzugsweise eine radial nach außen federnde Zunge aufweist, die unter Spannung an einer Innenfläche des Distanzringes anliegt, wenn der Schalter geschlossen ist, und sich an einer Ausnehmung in dem Distanzring abstützt, wenn der Schalter geöffnet ist.On the other hand, it is preferred if the spring washer is arranged on the current transmission member and has at least one locking member that interacts with the spacer ring, the locking member preferably having a radially outwardly resilient tongue that rests under tension on an inner surface of the spacer ring when the switch is closed, and is supported on a recess in the spacer ring when the switch is open.

Nach dem Einlegen des Schaltwerkes in das Unterteil wird auch hier als nächstes der Distanzring eingelegt. Danach wird der Federring auf das Stromübertragungsglied aufgelegt, wobei die nach außen federnden Zungen durch Kontakt mit der Innenfläche des Distanzringes radial nach innen bewegt werden.After inserting the rear derailleur into the lower part, the spacer ring is inserted next. The spring ring is then placed on the current transmission member, the outwardly resilient tongues being moved radially inward by contact with the inner surface of the spacer ring.

Dabei kann es erforderlich sein, den Federring auf dem Stromübertragungsglied zu fixieren, was durch Aufrasten, Verlöten, Verkleben oder sonstige geeignete Maßnahmen erfolgen kann.It may be necessary to fix the spring ring on the current transmission element, which can be done by snapping on, soldering, gluing or other suitable measures.

Als nächstes wird das Oberteil aufgelegt und der Schalter in der üblichen Weise verschlossen.Next, the upper part is put on and the switch is locked in the usual way.

Die oder jede radial nach außen federnde Zunge liegt somit bei geschlossenem Schalter an einer Innenfläche des Distanzringes an. Wenn der Schalter öffnet, bewegt sich das Stromübertragungsglied nach unten und die oder jede federnde Zunge kommt von der Innenfläche frei und gelangt radial weiter nach außen in die Ausnehmung in dem Distanzring, wodurch das Stromübertragungsglied dauerhaft mechanisch arretiert wird. Das mit dem Federring verbundene Stromübertragungsglied wird somit durch die oder jede Zunge mechanisch daran gehindert, sich wieder nach oben in Anlage mit den beiden Gegenkontakten zu bewegen, selbst wenn das Schaltwerk wieder abkühlt und die Federscheibe in ihre erste Konfiguration zurückgeschnappt ist.The or each radially outwardly resilient tongue thus rests against an inner surface of the spacer ring when the switch is closed. When the switch opens, the current transmission member moves downwards and the or each resilient tongue comes free from the inner surface and radially further outwards into the recess in the spacer ring, whereby the current transmission member is permanently mechanically locked. The current transmission member connected to the spring washer is thus mechanically prevented by the or each tongue from moving upwards again into contact with the two mating contacts, even if the switching mechanism cools down again and the spring washer is snapped back into its first configuration.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und der beigefügten Zeichnung.Further advantages emerge from the description and the attached drawing.

Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively specified combination, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
in einer schematischen Seitendarstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines bekannten Schalters in geschlossenem Zustand;
Fig. 2
eine Darstellung wie Fig. 1, jedoch in geschlossenem Zustand des bekannten Schalters, wobei hier für den Rand der Schnappscheibe ein Freiraum vorgesehen ist;
Fig. 3
ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel für einen als Schließsperre eingesetzten Federring, oben in Draufsicht mit in der Ringebene liegenden Zungen, und unten geschnitten mit nach oben hochgebogen und nach innen federnden Zungen;
Fig. 4
ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel für einen als Schließsperre eingesetzten Federring oben in Draufsicht mit in der Ringebene liegenden Zungen, und unten geschnitten mit nach oben hochgebogenen und nach außen federnden Zungen;
Fig. 5
eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Ausschnittes I aus Fig. 1, jedoch mit dem Federring gemäß Fig. 3;
Fig. 6
eine Darstellung wie in Fig. 5, jedoch bei geöffnetem Schalter;
Fig. 7
eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Ausschnittes I aus Fig. 1, jedoch mit dem Federring gemäß Fig. 4;
Fig. 8
eine Darstellung wie in Fig. 5, jedoch bei geöffnetem Schalter.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:
Fig. 1
in a schematic side view, an embodiment of a known switch in the closed state;
Fig. 2
a representation like Fig. 1 , but in the closed state of the known switch, here a free space is provided for the edge of the snap disk;
Fig. 3
a first embodiment of a spring ring used as a locking device, above in plan view with tongues lying in the plane of the ring, and cut below with tongues that are bent upward and resilient inward;
Fig. 4
a second exemplary embodiment for a spring ring used as a locking lock at the top in plan view with tongues lying in the plane of the ring, and cut below with tongues that are bent upward and resilient to the outside;
Fig. 5
an enlarged view of section I. Fig. 1 , but with the spring washer according to Fig. 3 ;
Fig. 6
a representation as in Fig. 5 , but with the switch open;
Fig. 7
an enlarged view of section I. Fig. 1 , but with the spring washer according to Fig. 4 ;
Fig. 8
a representation as in Fig. 5 , but with the switch open.

In Fig. 1 ist in einer schematischen, geschnittenen Seitenansicht ein Schalter 10 gezeigt, der in der Draufsicht rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet ist, vorzugsweise eine kreisrunde Form aufweist.In Fig. 1 is shown in a schematic, sectional side view of a switch 10, which is formed rotationally symmetrical in plan view, preferably has a circular shape.

Der Schalter 10 weist ein Gehäuse 11 auf, in dem ein temperaturabhängiges Schaltwerk 12 vorgesehen ist.The switch 10 has a housing 11 in which a temperature-dependent switching mechanism 12 is provided.

Das Gehäuse 11 umfasst ein topfartiges Unterteil 14 aus elektrisch leitendem Material sowie ein flaches, isolierendes Oberteil 15, das durch einen umgebogenen Rand 16 an dem Unterteil 14 gehalten wird. Aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit ist der umgebogene Rand 16 nicht quer über das Oberteil 15 durchgezogen und vollständig auf das Oberteil 15 heruntergebogen dargestellt.The housing 11 comprises a pot-like lower part 14 made of electrically conductive material and a flat, insulating upper part 15, which is held on the lower part 14 by a bent edge 16. For the sake of clarity, the one is bent over Edge 16 is not shown drawn across the upper part 15 and bent down completely onto the upper part 15.

Zwischen dem Oberteil 15 und dem Unterteil 14 ist ein Distanzring 17 vorgesehen, der das Oberteil 15 gegenüber dem Unterteil 14 beabstandet hält.A spacer ring 17 is provided between the upper part 15 and the lower part 14 and keeps the upper part 15 at a distance from the lower part 14.

Das Oberteil 15 weist eine Innenseite 18 auf, an der ein erster stationärer Gegenkontakt 19 sowie ein zweiter stationärer Gegenkontakt 21 vorgesehen sind. Die Gegenkontakte 19 und 21 sind als Nieten ausgebildet, die sich durch das Oberteil 15 hindurch erstrecken und außen in Köpfen 22 bzw. 23 enden, die dem Außenanschluss des Schalters dienen.The upper part 15 has an inner side 18 on which a first stationary mating contact 19 and a second stationary mating contact 21 are provided. The mating contacts 19 and 21 are designed as rivets which extend through the upper part 15 and end on the outside in heads 22 and 23, respectively, which are used for the external connection of the switch.

Das Schaltwerk 12 umfasst ferner ein Stromübertragungsglied 24, das in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ein Kontaktteller ist, dessen Oberseite 25 teilweise elektrisch leitend beschichtet ist, so dass er bei der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Anlage an den Gegenkontakten 19 und 21 für eine elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen den beiden Gegenkontakten 19 und 21 sorgt.The switching mechanism 12 further comprises a current transmission element 24 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is a contact plate, the upper side 25 of which is partially coated in an electrically conductive manner, so that it can be used in the case of FIG Fig. 1 System shown on the mating contacts 19 and 21 ensures an electrically conductive connection between the two mating contacts 19 and 21.

Wie üblich sind die aus Vollmaterial bestehenden Bauteile, hier der Distanzring 17 und der Kontaktteller 24, nicht schraffiert, obwohl sie auch geschnitten dargestellt sind.As usual, the components made of solid material, here the spacer ring 17 and the contact plate 24, are not hatched, although they are also shown in section.

Das Stromübertragungsglied 24 ist über einen Niet 26, der ebenfalls als Teil des Kontakttellers anzusehen ist, mit einer bistabilen Federscheibe 27 sowie einer bistabilen Schnappscheibe 28 verbunden.The current transmission member 24 is connected to a bistable spring washer 27 and a bistable snap disk 28 via a rivet 26, which is also to be regarded as part of the contact plate.

Die Federscheibe 27 weist zwei temperaturunabhängige Konfigurationen auf, von denen die erste Konfiguration in Fig. 1 (geschlossener Schalter 10) und die zweite Konfiguration in Fig. 2 (geöffneter Schalter 10) gezeigt ist.The spring washer 27 has two temperature-independent configurations, of which the first configuration in FIG Fig. 1 (closed switch 10) and the second configuration in Fig. 2 (open switch 10) is shown.

Die Schnappscheibe 28 weist zwei temperaturabhängige Konfigurationen auf, nämlich ihre Tieftemperaturkonfiguration, die in Fig. 1 (geschlossener Schalter 10) gezeigt ist, sowie ihre Hochtemperaturkonfiguration, die in Fig. 2 (geöffneter Schalter 10) gezeigt ist.The snap disk 28 has two temperature-dependent configurations, namely its cryogenic configuration, which is shown in FIG Fig. 1 (closed switch 10), as well as its high temperature configuration shown in FIG Fig. 2 (open switch 10) is shown.

Innen in dem Unterteil 14 ist eine umlaufende Schulter 29 vorgesehen, auf der der Distanzring 17 aufliegt. Zwischen der Schulter 29 und dem Distanzring 17 ist die Federscheibe 27 mit ihrem Rand 31 eingeklemmt, während sie mit ihrem Zentrum 32 auf einer Schulter 33 an dem Niet 26 aufliegt. An ihrem Zentrum 32 ist die Federscheibe 27 somit zwischen dem Stromübertragungsglied 24 und der Schulter 33 eingeklemmt.A circumferential shoulder 29 on which the spacer ring 17 rests is provided inside the lower part 14. The edge 31 of the spring washer 27 is clamped between the shoulder 29 and the spacer ring 17, while its center 32 rests on a shoulder 33 on the rivet 26. The spring washer 27 is thus clamped between the current transmission member 24 and the shoulder 33 at its center 32.

In Fig. 1 weiter unten und radial weiter außen ist an dem Niet 26 noch eine Schulter 34 zu sehen, auf der die Schnappscheibe 28 mit ihrem Zentrum 35 aufliegt.In Fig. 1 Further below and radially further out, a shoulder 34 can be seen on the rivet 26, on which the snap disk 28 rests with its center 35.

Das Zentrum 35 liegt frei auf der Schulter 34 auf. Mit ihrem Rand 36 liegt die Schnappscheibe 28 ebenfalls frei, also ohne mechanische Belastung, auf einem inneren Boden 37 des Unterteiles 14 auf.The center 35 rests freely on the shoulder 34. With its edge 36, the snap disk 28 is also exposed, that is to say without mechanical stress, on an inner base 37 of the lower part 14.

Gemäß Fig. 1 ist der innere Boden 37 als keilförmige, radial nach außenansteigende Auflageschulter 38 ausgebildet, die wie bei dem aus der DE 10 2011 016 142 A1 bekannten Schalter als Auflagefläche für den Rand 36 dient.According to Fig. 1 the inner bottom 37 is designed as a wedge-shaped, radially outwardly rising support shoulder 38 which, as in the case of the DE 10 2011 016 142 A1 known switch as a support surface for the edge 36 is used.

Wenn sich die Temperatur der Schnappscheibe 28 jetzt erhöht, so hebt sich ihr Rand 36 in Fig. 1 nach oben, so dass die Schnappscheibe 26 von ihrer in Fig. 1 gezeigten konvexen Stellung in ihre in Fig. 2 gezeigte konkave Stellung umspringt, in der ihr Rand 36 sich innen an dem Schalters 10 abstützt, in diesem Fall an der Federscheibe 27, wie es in Fig. 2 zu erkennen ist.If the temperature of the snap disk 28 now increases, its edge 36 rises in FIG Fig. 1 upwards so that the snap disk 26 from its in Fig. 1 shown convex position in their in Fig. 2 The concave position shown, in which its edge 36 is supported on the inside of the switch 10, in this case on the spring washer 27, as shown in FIG Fig. 2 can be seen.

Beim Übergang von ihrer Tieftemperaturkonfiguration der Fig. 1 in ihre Hochtemperaturkonfiguration der Fig. 2 stützt sich die Schnappscheibe 28 also mit ihrem Rand 37 an der Federscheibe 27 ab, wobei sie mit ihrem Zentrum 35 auf die Schulter 34 des Nietes 26 drückt und dadurch das Stromübertragungsglied 24 gegen die Kraft der Federscheibe 27 von den stationären Gegenkontakten 19 und 21 wegdrückt.When transitioning from their low-temperature configuration to the Fig. 1 in their high temperature configuration of the Fig. 2 the snap disk 28 is supported with its edge 37 on the spring washer 27, with its center 35 pressing on the shoulder 34 of the rivet 26 and thereby pushing the current transfer member 24 away from the stationary counter-contacts 19 and 21 against the force of the spring washer 27.

Durch diese Bewegung legt sich der Niet 26 auf den inneren Boden 37 des Unterteils 14 ab, wobei gleichzeitig die Federscheibe 27 von ihrer in Fig. 1 gezeigten ersten Konfiguration in ihre ebenfalls stabile zweite geometrische Konfiguration umschnappt, die in Fig. 2 gezeigt ist.As a result of this movement, the rivet 26 is placed on the inner bottom 37 of the lower part 14, while at the same time the spring washer 27 is moved from its in Fig. 1 shown first configuration snaps into its equally stable second geometric configuration, which is shown in Fig. 2 is shown.

Während die Federscheibe 27 in ihrer ersten Konfiguration gemäß Fig. 1 bei geschlossenem Schalter 10 das Stromübertragungsglied 24 in Anlage mit dem Gegenkontakten 19 und 21 hält, hält sie in ihrer zweiten Konfiguration gemäß Fig. 2 bei geöffnetem Schalter 10 das Stromübertragungsglied 24 in einem Abstand zu den Gegenkontakten 19 und 21.While the spring washer 27 in its first configuration according to Fig. 1 when the switch 10 is closed, the current transmission element 24 is in contact with the mating contacts 19 and 21, it holds it in its second configuration according to FIG Fig. 2 When the switch 10 is open, the current transmission element 24 is at a distance from the mating contacts 19 and 21.

Während der Schalter 10 in Fig. 1 in seinem geschlossenen Zustand gezeigt ist, befindet er sich in Fig. 2 in seinem geöffneten Zustand.While the switch is 10 in Fig. 1 shown in its closed state, it is in Fig. 2 in its open state.

Wenn sich nun die Temperatur des zu schützenden Gerätes und damit die Temperatur des Schalters 10 wieder abkühlt, so schnappt die Schnappscheibe 28 wieder von ihrer Hochtemperaturkonfiguration gemäß Fig. 2 in ihre Tieftemperaturkonfiguration zurück, die sie schon in Fig. 1 eingenommen hatte.If the temperature of the device to be protected and thus the temperature of the switch 10 cools down again, the snap disk 28 snaps again from its high-temperature configuration Fig. 2 back to their low-temperature configuration that they were already in Fig. 1 had taken.

Die Schnappscheibe 28 befindet sich wieder in ihrer Tieftemperaturkonfiguration, auf die sie sich infolge der Abkühlung des zu schützenden Gerätes abgekühlt hat. Der Rand 36 der Schnappscheibe 28 wird sich dabei nach unten bewegen, so dass er auf der Auflageschulter 38 zu liegen kommt, die bei dem Schalter 10 in Fig. 1 vorgesehen ist.The snap disk 28 is again in its low-temperature configuration to which it has cooled as a result of the cooling of the device to be protected. The edge 36 of the snap disk 28 will move downwards so that it comes to rest on the support shoulder 38, which is shown in FIG Fig. 1 is provided.

Die Schnappscheibe 28 wird beim Übergang in ihre Tieftemperaturkonfiguration die Federscheibe 27 daher wieder in ihre erste Konfiguration drücken, wie dies bei dem Schalter gemäß DE 10 2011 016 142 A1 der Fall ist.During the transition to its low-temperature configuration, the snap disk 28 will therefore push the spring disk 27 back into its first configuration, as is the case with the switch according to FIG DE 10 2011 016 142 A1 the case is.

In dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2, ist unterhalb des Randes 36 der Schnappscheibe 28 jedoch ein umlaufender Freiraum 40 vorgesehen, der in einem Randbereich 41 des inneren Bodens 37 vorgesehen ist.In the embodiment of Fig. 2 , however, a circumferential free space 40 is provided below the edge 36 of the snap disk 28 and is provided in an edge region 41 of the inner bottom 37.

Wenn die Schnappscheibe 28 sich bei dem Schalter 10 gemäß Fig. 2 wieder in ihrer Tieftemperaturkonfiguration befindet, hat sie sich mit ihrem Rand 36 in den Freiraum 40 hineinbewegt. Die Schnappscheibe 28 ist bei dem Schalter 10 aus Fig. 2 somit nicht in der Lage, die Federscheibe 27 an ihrem Zentrum 32 nach oben zu drücken.When the snap disk 28 is in the switch 10 according to Fig. 2 is again in its low-temperature configuration, its edge 36 has moved into the free space 40 moved in. The snap disk 28 is off at the switch 10 Fig. 2 thus not able to push the spring washer 27 at its center 32 upwards.

Der Schalter 10 aus Fig. 2 bleibt also auch dann geöffnet, wenn sich die Schnappscheibe 28 wieder in ihre Tieftemperaturkonfiguration bewegt hat. Allerdings können Erschütterungen dazu führen, dass der Schalter 10 aus Fig. 2 doch wieder schließt, was bei Einmalschaltern unerwünscht ist.The switch 10 off Fig. 2 thus remains open even when the snap disk 28 has moved back into its low-temperature configuration. However, vibrations can cause the switch 10 to turn off Fig. 2 but closes again, which is undesirable with single-use switches.

Erfindungsgemäß ist daher eine Schließsperre 39 vorgesehen, die im Bereich der in den Fig. 1 und 2 angedeuteten Kreise I und II angeordnet ist. Aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit sind Ausführungsbeispiele für die Schließsperren 39 nicht in den Fig. 1 und 2, sondern in den Fig. 3 bis 8 gezeigt.According to the invention, therefore, a locking device 39 is provided, which in the area of the Fig. 1 and 2 indicated circles I and II is arranged. For the sake of clarity, exemplary embodiments of the locking devices 39 are not shown in FIG Fig. 1 and 2 but in the Figures 3 to 8 shown.

Aufgabe der Schließsperren 39 ist es, in einem einmal geöffneten Schalter 10 das temperaturabhängige Schaltwerk 12 dauerhaft mechanisch so zu verriegeln, dass der Schalter 10 auch beim Abkühlen der Schnappscheibe 28 nicht wieder schließen kann.The task of the locking barriers 39 is to permanently and mechanically lock the temperature-dependent switching mechanism 12 in a switch 10 that has been opened, so that the switch 10 cannot close again even when the snap disk 28 has cooled down.

Während bei dem Schalter 10 der Fig. 1 die Schließsperren 39 dauerhaft den durch die wieder abgekühlte Schnappscheibe 28 ausgeübten Schließdruck aufnehmen müssen, fehlt dieser Schließdruck bei dem Schalter 10 der Fig. 2, weil der Rand 36 der Schnappscheibe 28 hier keine Auflageschulter 38 vorfindet, sondern in dem Freiraum 40 zu liegen kommt.While the switch 10 of the Fig. 1 the closing barriers 39 must permanently absorb the closing pressure exerted by the snap disk 28, which has cooled down again, if this closing pressure is absent in the switch 10 of the Fig. 2 because the edge 36 of the snap disk 28 does not find a support shoulder 38 here, but comes to lie in the free space 40.

Die Schließsperren 39 umfassen jeweils einen Federring 43, 51, wie er in Fig. 3 in einem ersten und in Fig. 4 in einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel schematisch und nicht maßstabsgerecht gezeigt ist.The locks 39 each include a spring ring 43, 51, as shown in FIG Fig. 3 in a first and in Fig. 4 is shown schematically and not to scale in a second embodiment.

Der Federring 43 ist in Fig. 3 oben in Draufsicht gezeigt. Er weist eine Ringfläche 44 auf, mit deren Innenseite 45 drei federnde Zungen 46 einstückig ausgebildet sind. Der Federring 43 wird aus Federstahl ausgestanzt und liegt zunächst so vor, wie in Fig. 3 oben dargestellt, nämlich mit in der Ringebene liegenden Zungen 46.The spring ring 43 is in Fig. 3 shown above in plan view. It has an annular surface 44, with the inside 45 of which three resilient tongues 46 are formed in one piece. The spring ring 43 is punched out of spring steel and is initially as shown in FIG Fig. 3 shown above, namely with tongues 46 lying in the plane of the ring.

Die Zungen 46 werden dann um ca. 85° nach oben gebogen, wie dies in der geschnittenen Seitenansicht in Fig. 3 unten zu sehen ist. Wenn die Zungen 46 jetzt bei der Montage weiter nach außen gebogen werden, federn sie in Richtung des Pfeiles 47 radial nach innen.The tongues 46 are then bent upwards by approx. 85 °, as shown in the sectional side view in FIG Fig. 3 can be seen below. If the tongues 46 are now bent further outward during assembly, they spring radially inward in the direction of arrow 47.

Der Federring 51 ist in Fig. 4 oben in Draufsicht gezeigt. Er weist eine Ringfläche 52 auf, mit deren Außenseite 53 drei federnde Zungen 54 einstückig ausgebildet sind. Der Federring 51 wird aus Federstahl ausgestanzt und liegt zunächst so vor, wie in Fig. 4 oben dargestellt, nämlich mit in der Ringebene liegenden Zungen 54.The spring ring 51 is in Fig. 4 shown above in plan view. It has an annular surface 52, with the outside 53 of which three resilient tongues 54 are formed in one piece. The spring ring 51 is punched out of spring steel and is initially as shown in FIG Fig. 4 shown above, namely with tongues 54 lying in the plane of the ring.

Die Zungen 54 werden dann um ca. 85° nach oben gebogen, wie dies in der geschnittenen Seitenansicht in Fig. 4 unten zu sehen ist. Wenn die Zungen 54 jetzt bei der Montage weiter nach innen gebogen werden, federn sie in Richtung des Pfeiles 55 radial nach außen.The tongues 54 are then bent upwards by approx. 85 °, as shown in the sectional side view in FIG Fig. 4 can be seen below. If the tongues 54 are now bent further inward during assembly, they spring radially outward in the direction of arrow 55.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine vergrößerte Darstellung des in Fig. 1 mit I bezeichneten Ausschnittes des geschlossenen Schalters 10. Der Federring 43 aus Fig. 3 liegt mit seiner Ringfläche 44 oben auf dem Distanzring 17 auf und ist zwischen diesem und dem Oberteil 15 eingeklemmt und somit fixiert. Die Zungen 46 liegen in einem Spalt 57 zwischen dem Distanzring 17 und einem radial nach außen weisenden Rand 58 des Stromübertragungsgliedes 24. Fig. 5 shows an enlarged representation of the in Fig. 1 with I designated section of the closed switch 10. The spring ring 43 from Fig. 3 rests with its annular surface 44 on top of the spacer ring 17 and is clamped between this and the upper part 15 and thus fixed. The tongues 46 lie in a gap 57 between the spacer ring 17 and a radially outwardly facing edge 58 of the current transmission member 24.

Die Zungen 46 wurden bei der Montage radial nach außen gebogen und erstrecken sich unter nahezu 90° zu der Ringfläche 44, so dass sie radial nach innen federnd vorgespannt sind und an dem Rand 58 anliegen, was durch den Pfeil 47 angedeutet ist.The tongues 46 were bent radially outward during assembly and extend at almost 90 ° to the annular surface 44, so that they are resiliently biased radially inward and rest against the edge 58, which is indicated by the arrow 47.

Für diese Montage wird bei Bedarf ein Spreizwerkzeug eingesetzt, mit dem die Zungen 46 während des Einlegens des Federringes 43 in das Unterteil 14 und auf den Distanzring 17 radial nach außen gedrückt werden, ohne sie jedoch zu verbiegen.For this assembly, an expanding tool is used if necessary, with which the tongues 46 are pressed radially outward while the spring ring 43 is being inserted into the lower part 14 and onto the spacer ring 17, but without bending them.

Wenn der Schalter 10 jetzt geöffnet wird, bewegt sich das Stromübertragungsglied in Fig. 5 nach unten und nimmt die in Fig. 6 gezeigte Position ein. Fig. 6 zeigt eine vergrößerte Darstellung des in Fig. 2 mit I bezeichneten Ausschnittes des geschlossenen Schalters 10.If the switch 10 is now opened, the current transfer member moves in Fig. 5 down and takes the in Fig. 6 position shown. Fig. 6 shows an enlarged Representation of the in Fig. 2 with I designated section of the closed switch 10.

Die Zungen 46 kommen bei dieser Bewegung des Stromübertragungsgliedes 24 von dessen Rand 58 frei, bewegen sich radial nach innen und gelangen so über das Stromübertragungsglied 24, das sie durch Anlage mit dessen Oberseite 59 dauerhaft mechanisch arretieren. In dem Bereich, in dem die Zungen 46 auf der Oberseite 59 aufliegen, ist diese vorzugsweise nicht elektrisch leitend.During this movement of the current transmission member 24, the tongues 46 come free from its edge 58, move radially inward and thus pass over the current transmission member 24, which they permanently mechanically lock by contacting its upper side 59. In the area in which the tongues 46 rest on the upper side 59, this is preferably not electrically conductive.

Das Stromübertragungsglied 24 wird folglich daran gehindert, sich wieder nach oben in Anlage mit den beiden Gegenkontakten 19, 21 zu bewegen, selbst wenn das Schaltwerk 12 wieder abkühlt und die Federscheibe 27 in ihre erste Konfiguration zurückgeschnappt ist.The current transmission member 24 is consequently prevented from moving upwards again into contact with the two counter-contacts 19, 21, even if the switching mechanism 12 cools down again and the spring washer 27 is snapped back into its first configuration.

Fig. 7 zeigt eine vergrößerte Darstellung des in Fig. 1 mit I bezeichneten Ausschnittes des geschlossenen Schalters 10. Der Federring 51 aus Fig. 4 liegt mit seiner Ringfläche 52 auf der Oberseite 59 des Stromübertragungsliedes 24 auf und ist dort geeignet fixiert, beispielsweise durch Verkleben oder Verlöten. In dem Bereich, in dem der Federring 51 auf der Oberseite 59 aufliegt, ist diese vorzugsweise nicht elektrisch leitend. Fig. 7 shows an enlarged representation of the in Fig. 1 with I designated section of the closed switch 10. The spring ring 51 from Fig. 4 rests with its annular surface 52 on the upper side 59 of the current transmission member 24 and is suitably fixed there, for example by gluing or soldering. In the area in which the spring ring 51 rests on the upper side 59, this is preferably not electrically conductive.

Die Zungen 54 liegen an einer radial nach innen weisenden Innenfläche 61 des Distanzring 17 an. Die Zungen 54 wurden bei der Montage durch Kontakt mit dem Distanzring 24 radial nach innen gebogen und erstrecken sich unter nahezu 90° zu der Ringfläche 52, so dass sie radial nach außen federnd vorgespannt an der Innenfläche 61 anliegen. was durch den Pfeil 51 angedeutet ist.The tongues 54 rest on a radially inwardly facing inner surface 61 of the spacer ring 17. The tongues 54 were bent radially inward during assembly through contact with the spacer ring 24 and extend at almost 90 ° to the ring surface 52, so that they rest against the inner surface 61 in a radially outwardly resilient manner. which is indicated by the arrow 51.

Die Montage erfolgt derart, dass zunächst das Schaltwerk 12 in das Unterteil 14 und dann der Distanzring 17 eingelegt wird. Danach wird der Federring in den Distanzring 17 eingeschoben, bis er auf der Oberseite 59 des Stromübertragungsgliedes 24 aufliegt. Dann wird der Federring 51 an der Oberseite 59 fixiert.The assembly is carried out in such a way that first the switching mechanism 12 is inserted into the lower part 14 and then the spacer ring 17. The spring ring is then pushed into the spacer ring 17 until it rests on the upper side 59 of the current transmission member 24. The spring ring 51 is then fixed on the upper side 59.

Wenn der Schalter 10 jetzt geöffnet wird, bewegt sich das Stromübertragungsglied zusammen mit dem Federring 51 in Fig. 7 nach unten und nimmt die in Fig. 8 gezeigte Position ein. Fig. 8 zeigt eine vergrößerte Darstellung des in Fig. 2 mit I bezeichneten Ausschnittes des geschlossenen Schalters 10.If the switch 10 is now opened, the current transmission member moves together with the spring ring 51 in Fig. 7 down and takes the in Fig. 8 position shown. Fig. 8 shows an enlarged representation of the in Fig. 2 with I designated section of the closed switch 10.

Die Zungen 54 kommen bei dieser Bewegung des Stromübertragungsgliedes 24 von der Innenfläche 61 frei, bewegen sich radial nach außen und gelangen in die unterhalb der Innenfläche 61 befindliche, radial nach außen zurückspringende Ausnehmung 62 in dem Distanzring 17.During this movement of the current transmission member 24, the tongues 54 come free from the inner surface 61, move radially outward and enter the radially outwardly recessed recess 62 in the spacer ring 17 located below the inner surface 61.

Auf diese Weise wird das Stromübertragungsglied 24 durch Anlage der Zungen 54 in der Ausnehmung 62 dauerhaft mechanisch arretieren. Das Stromübertragungsglied 24 wird folglich daran gehindert, sich wieder nach oben in Anlage mit den beiden Gegenkontakten 19, 21 zu bewegen, selbst wenn das Schaltwerk 12 wieder abkühlt und die Federscheibe 27 in ihre erste Konfiguration zurückgeschnappt ist.In this way, the current transmission member 24 is permanently mechanically locked by the contact of the tongues 54 in the recess 62. The current transmission member 24 is consequently prevented from moving upwards again into contact with the two counter-contacts 19, 21, even if the switching mechanism 12 cools down again and the spring washer 27 is snapped back into its first configuration.

Die Befestigung des Federringes 51 an dem Stromübertragungsglied 24 kann auch durch Klammern 63 erfolgen, die an dem Federring 51 angeordnet sind und das Stromübertragungsglied 24 umgreifen. Diese Art der Fixierung erfolgt beim Einschieben des Federringes 51 und erspart das nachträgliche Fixieren durch Kleben oder Löten.The spring ring 51 can also be fastened to the current transmission member 24 by means of clips 63 which are arranged on the spring ring 51 and which encompass the current transmission member 24. This type of fixation takes place when the spring ring 51 is pushed in and saves the subsequent fixing by gluing or soldering.

Claims (14)

  1. Temperature-dependent switch, comprising
    a first and a second stationary counter contact (19, 21) and a temperature-dependent switching mechanism (12) having a current transfer member (24), wherein the switching mechanism (12), depending on its temperature, either closes the switch by pressing the current transfer member (24) against the first and the second counter contact (19, 21) and thereby establishing an electrically conductive connection between the two counter contacts (19, 21) via the current transfer member (24), or opens the switch by keeping the current transfer member (24) at a distance from the first and the second counter contact (19, 21) and thereby interrupting the electrically conductive connection, characterized in that the a closing lock (39) is provided which keeps the switch (10) open when it has been opened for the first time, wherein the closing lock (39) includes a spring washer (43, 51) which directly interacts with the current transfer member (24) and mechanically locks the latter permanently when the switch (10) has been opened for the first time so that the switch (10) remains permanently open.
  2. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature-dependent switching mechanism (12) includes a temperature-dependent snap disc (28) having a geometrical high-temperature configuration and a geometrical low-temperature configuration, and a bistable spring disc (27) at which the current transfer member (24) is arranged, wherein the spring disc (27) has two geometrical configurations which are stable in a temperature-independent manner and, in its first configuration, presses the current transfer member (24) against the first and second counter contact (19, 21) and, in its second configuration, presses the current transfer member (24) away from the first and second counter contact (19, 21).
  3. The switch according to claim 2, characterized in that the snap disc (28), when transitioning from its low-temperature configuration to its high-temperature configuration, is supported by its edge (36) at a part inside the switch (10) and thereby acts on the spring disc (27) such that the spring disc snaps from its first to its second stable configuration.
  4. The switch according to claim 3, characterized in that the snap disc (28) is fixed to the current transfer member (24), and in that a clearance (40) is provided for the edge (36) of the snap disc (28), into which clearance (40) the edge (36) projects at least partially when the snap disc (28) re-assumes its low-temperature configuration with the spring disc (27) being in its second configuration.
  5. The switch according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the snap disc (28) and the spring disc (27) are fixed to the current transfer member (24) via their respective centres (35, 32).
  6. The switch according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it includes a housing (11) on which the two counter contacts (19, 21) are provided and in which the switching mechanism (12) is arranged.
  7. The switch according to claim 6, characterized in that the housing (11) comprises a lower part (14) closed by an upper part (15), wherein the two counter contacts (19, 21) are arranged on an inner side (18) of the upper part (15).
  8. The switch according to claim 2 and 7, characterized in that the lower part (14) comprises an inner bottom (37), above the edge region (41) of which a clearance (40) is provided for the edge (36) of the snap disc (28).
  9. The switch according to one of claims 2 to 5 and 8, characterized in that the temperature-dependent snap disc (28) is a bi- or trimetal snap disc.
  10. The switch according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the spring washer (43, 51) interacts with the current transfer member (24) and with a spacer ring (17) which is arranged between the upper part (15) and the lower part (14).
  11. The switch according to claim 10, characterized in that the spring washer (43) is arranged between the spacer ring (17) and the upper part (15) and comprises at least one locking member, which interacts with the current transfer member (24).
  12. The switch according to claim 11, characterized in that the locking member comprises a radially inwardly resilient tongue (46), which rests pre-stressed against an edge (58) of the current transfer member (24) when the switch (10) is closed, and which braces on the current transfer member (24) when the switch (10) is open.
  13. The switch according to claim 10, characterized in that the spring washer (51) is arranged on the current transfer member (24) and comprises at least one locking member, which interacts with the spacer ring (17).
  14. The switch according to claim 13, characterized in that the locking member comprises a radially outwardly resilient tongue (54), which rests pre-stressed against an inner surface (61) of the spacer ring (17) when the switch (10) is closed, and which braces on a recess (62) in the spacer ring (17) when the switch (10) is open.
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DE102019128367B4 (en) 2019-10-21 2021-06-10 Marcel P. HOFSAESS TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT SWITCH
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DE102019112074B4 (en) 2020-12-17
CN111916307B (en) 2023-03-28
DK3736845T3 (en) 2021-11-08
EP3736845A1 (en) 2020-11-11
CN111916307A (en) 2020-11-10
ES2895702T3 (en) 2022-02-22
DE102019112074A1 (en) 2020-11-12
US20200357589A1 (en) 2020-11-12
US11217409B2 (en) 2022-01-04

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