EP3744492A1 - Method for manufacturing multi-layer solid wood panels - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing multi-layer solid wood panels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3744492A1 EP3744492A1 EP20176871.0A EP20176871A EP3744492A1 EP 3744492 A1 EP3744492 A1 EP 3744492A1 EP 20176871 A EP20176871 A EP 20176871A EP 3744492 A1 EP3744492 A1 EP 3744492A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solid wood
- veneers
- logs
- wood
- panels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorophacinone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218631 Coniferophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218652 Larix Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005590 Larix decidua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940082150 encore Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- B27B1/00—Methods for subdividing trunks or logs essentially involving sawing
- B27B1/002—Methods for subdividing trunks or logs essentially involving sawing by cross-cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
- B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
- B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
- B27M1/08—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N7/00—After-treatment, e.g. reducing swelling or shrinkage, surfacing; Protecting the edges of boards against access of humidity
- B27N7/005—Coating boards, e.g. with a finishing or decorating layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- B27L5/00—Manufacture of veneer ; Preparatory processing therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the production of wood panels intended in particular for wood processing industries, carpentry for example, with a view to manufacturing objects such as furniture or other fitting or decoration products. decoration. In its greater thicknesses, the product obtained can form a structural building element.
- An object of the invention is to allow the production of solid wood panels in a wide range of thicknesses.
- a plywood panel is a wood-based panel obtained by bonding adjacent layers with crossed wires, usually at right angles. More precisely, the plywood panels are an assembly of sheets of wood obtained by peeling or by slicing, these sheets being generally referred to by the term of plies, said plies being glued to each other under pressure.
- the inner plies or the outer plies can be composed of several joined or juxtaposed plies.
- the exterior plies may consist of one or more decorative wood veneers sliced or peeled to form decorative plywood panels.
- the state of the art provides, for these players in the second and third transformations of wood, the plywood panels briefly described above, or particle boards, rich in glue, high density particle boards or so-called reconstituted wood panels.
- the wood fibers of each solid wood veneer having a direction in other words an average orientation
- the solid wood veneers are glued to each other two by two so that the directions of the fibers of each of said veneers are parallel throughout the veneer assembly.
- the method also comprises a second cutting step, after the steaming step, to form ridges having a final length between 120 cm and 135 cm, the first cutting resulting in forming logs having a length equal to an integer multiple greater than or equal to 2 of said final length of said logs.
- the method further comprises, at the end of the pressing step making it possible to form solid multilayer wood panels, a step of edging the multilayer solid wood panels in order to give them a substantially parallelepipedal shape.
- the method comprises, after the edging step, a sanding step to improve the surface quality of said multilayer solid wood panels.
- the method comprises, after the sanding step, a cutting step to form multi-layered solid wood panels having desired final dimensions.
- An advantage of the process according to the invention lies in the fact that the multi-layered solid wood panels thus produced have a solid wood appearance: strata are not seen because the wood fibers of adjacent veneers glued together are connected.
- the method according to the invention allows the manufacture of multi-layered solid wood panels, comprising a plurality of solid wood veneers bonded to one another, preferably parallel to the direction of the wood fibers.
- each veneer has a thickness of approximately 3.2 mm, or in any event a thickness of between 1 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1.5 mm and 4.5 mm, preferably still between 3.0 mm and 3.4 mm.
- This reduced thickness is important because it makes it possible in particular to obtain a finished product which differs from a material such as reconstituted solid wood.
- the join between layers of wood is clearly visible, in particular by the edge, because each layer has a thickness of at least 2 cm.
- the panel comprises between 2 and 20 veneers, preferably between 2 and 16 veneers, for a total thickness of between 6 mm and 48 mm.
- Step 1 is a debarking step. From stored logs, we remove the bark. Continuity of this debarking step 1 is also provided for a first partial cutting 2 of the logs into logs the size of which is a multiple of the desired final length of the logs with a view to unwinding (step 5). In other words, the logs obtained after this first cutting have a length equal to an integer multiple of the length of the final logs, which is preferably between 1.2 m and 1.35 m and can reach approximately 2 m.
- Step 3 consists of steaming by immersion in hot water tanks. During this drying step, during which the logs are subjected to a significant rise in humidity and temperature, a softening of the said logs is observed.
- stage 3 of drying the logs have a homogeneous humidity, which will also make it possible to accelerate their continuous drying (stage 6).
- the optimum temperature and the duration of the steaming by immersion in hot water basins are chosen according to production needs.
- the temperature and the duration of the steaming provided for in step 3 vary between 50 ° C and 90 ° C and between 24 h and 48 h respectively, depending on the wood species and the diameter of the logs.
- Step 4 corresponds to cutting the logs from the first cutting in step 2, to form logs of a size suitable for feeding an unwinding line (see step 5).
- logs are produced having a length of about 1.2 m to 1.35 m and a diameter of at least 30 cm. In principle, it is possible to deviate from the minimum diameter of 30 cm; however, it is preferable that the diameter of the logs is sufficient for the unwinding step to be effective. In practice, logs with a diameter of at least 80 cm and up to 110 cm can be used.
- first and second cutting 2, 4 there may be only one cutting, before steaming 3, to directly produce logs having the desired final size, typically between 1.2 m and 1. , 35 m.
- a first cutting 2 is preferably envisaged, after debarking 1 and before steaming 3, to form ridges having a length equal to an integer multiple greater than or equal to 2 of the length of final ridge desired.
- a second sectioning 4 is provided, after steaming 3, to produce the logs having the desired final length.
- each log of wood is fixed at its ends on a rotary axis using claws. As the axis turns, a knife uninterruptedly unwinds the wood to the core.
- the product obtained is an unwound veneer.
- the first meters of unrolled veneer (phase also known as "rounding") constitute rebuses.
- rounding constitute rebuses.
- whole and uniform sheets are in fact desired.
- the unwinding 5, in the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain layers formed in the same continuity of the tree, the rendering being faithful to the continuity of material of the tree as it has grown, with the difference processes in which pieces of wood, small slabs, are glued together laterally to form larger slabs, the latter then being stacked.
- the unwinding thus makes it possible to produce long veneers of reduced thickness, between 1 mm and 10 mm, preferably equal to 3.2 mm, and of a width equal to the width of the bales, i.e. between 1.2 m and 1, 35 m preferably.
- unwinding step 5 must be carried out shortly after the end of step 3 by steaming by immersion in pools of hot water, in particular within 2 hours to 12 hours following said end of step 3 parboiling.
- the quality of the wood of the logs sent to stage 5 of peeling is important; it is specified in particular that the main species of softwood can be unrolled, namely fir, spruce, larch, douglas and various pines: Austrian black, sylvestre, laricio, etc.
- the core (or residual core) is recovered to be used for another purpose, for example and depending on the species unrolled, table legs, handrails, interior railing supports. , decorative objects, grinding to make wafers, etc.
- step 6 Another important step of the process according to the invention lies in step 6 of pre-cutting the fibers, which consists in cutting, in order to break them, without however creating a structural break in the unwinding, the wood fibers in so-called stretched portions. , where the peeled wood veneer tends to bend.
- Step 7 trimming, consists in cutting the unrolled wood veneer, which forms a thin solid wood ribbon, to the required dimensions, step during which the unwanted singularities are also eliminated. It should be noted that step 7 of trimming can be carried out before or after step 8 of continuous drying, described below.
- Step 8 is the continuous drying of the peeled solid wood veneers. Continuous drying is carried out by means of a dryer of suitable dimensions.
- the unrolled solid wood veneers are introduced through an inlet of the dryer and, through a circulation of hot air inside, emerge dry from the dryer, having dried continuously inside the dryer.
- the dried unrolled solid wood veneers are sorted during a step 9, which is very important in the context of the process according to the invention.
- the veneers of unrolled and dried solid wood are thus sorted according to their quality, mainly aesthetic, between a first category corresponding to veneers intended to form the external layers (in other words of the faces and counterfaces) of the solid multi-layer wood panels and a second category corresponding to veneers intended to form internal layers (in other words internal folds) of solid multi-layered wood panels.
- the veneers of unrolled solid wood, dried and sorted are stored temporarily by forming piles comprising veneers belonging exclusively to one of said first and second categories.
- step 10 the veneers of unrolled solid wood, dried and sorted, are glued, then placed against each other, preferably parallel to the direction of the wood fibers, during a composition step 11, respecting the categories of veneers, and pressed (step 12).
- a plurality of solid wood veneers are thus superimposed and glued to form a veneer assembly comprising a plurality of layers, as required, in particular between 2 and 16 layers, each layer corresponding to a wood veneer solid, with the Grade 1 veneers forming the outer layers of the assembly and the Grade 2 veneers forming the interior layers of the assembly.
- the veneer assemblies thus formed are then pressed, the characteristics of the pressing (step 12) varying according to the type of glue used.
- the polymerization of the adhesive sometimes requires concomitant heating.
- the pressing time is also adapted according to the glue and the wood species used.
- edging consists in giving the veneer assemblies a substantially parallelepipedal shape and sanding (step 14) makes it possible to improve the surface condition.
- Step 15 consists in cutting the assemblies thus finished, to form multi-layered solid wood panels to the desired dimensions.
- multi-layer solid wood panels can be painted, varnished, have moldings made, and, more generally, can undergo any custom cutting operation (sawing, drilling, routing, etc.).
- the multi-layered solid wood panels can then be labeled and stored for sale.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
- Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention concerne un procédé de production de panneaux en bois massif multicouche comprenant des étapes d'écorçage (1) de grumes de bois, de tronçonnage (2) des grumes de bois écorcées pour former des billons, d'étuvage (3), de déroulage (5) des billons, pour former des placages de bois massif ayant une épaisseur de 3,2 mm. Les placages sont triés (8) et assemblés par encollage (10) de faces de placages à assembler, notamment par de la colle vinylique, chaque assemblage de placages comprenant de préférence entre 2 et 16 couches.The present invention relates to a method for producing multi-layered solid wood panels comprising steps of debarking (1) wooden logs, cutting (2) of debarked logs to form logs, parboiling (3), peeling (5) logs, to form solid wood veneers having a thickness of 3.2 mm. The veneers are sorted (8) and assembled by gluing (10) of the veneer faces to be assembled, in particular by vinyl glue, each veneer assembly preferably comprising between 2 and 16 layers.
Description
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine de la production de panneaux de bois destinées en particulier à des industries de transformation du bois, des menuiseries par exemple, en vue de fabriquer des objets tels que des meubles ou d'autres produits d'aménagement ou de décoration. Dans ses plus fortes épaisseurs, le produit obtenu peut former un élément structurel de construction.The present invention relates to the field of the production of wood panels intended in particular for wood processing industries, carpentry for example, with a view to manufacturing objects such as furniture or other fitting or decoration products. decoration. In its greater thicknesses, the product obtained can form a structural building element.
Un objectif de l'invention est de permettre la production de panneaux de bois massif dans une large plage d'épaisseurs.An object of the invention is to allow the production of solid wood panels in a wide range of thicknesses.
La fabrication de panneaux multicouche à base de feuilles de bois est connue en soi. Depuis la seconde moitié du XIXème siècle, on fabrique notamment des panneaux contreplaqués, suivant différentes compositions, offrant des usages principalement à destination du domaine de la construction.The manufacture of multilayer panels based on wood sheets is known per se. Since the second half of the 19th century, plywood panels have been manufactured in particular, according to different compositions, offering uses mainly for the construction industry.
Selon la norme AFNOR NF EN 313-2, un panneau contreplaqué est un panneau à base de bois obtenu par collage de couches adjacentes à fils croisés, habituellement à angles droits. Plus précisément, les panneaux contreplaqués sont un assemblage de feuilles de bois obtenues par déroulage ou par tranchage, ces feuilles étant généralement désignées sous le terme de plis, lesdits plis étant collés les uns aux autres sous pression.According to AFNOR NF EN 313-2, a plywood panel is a wood-based panel obtained by bonding adjacent layers with crossed wires, usually at right angles. More precisely, the plywood panels are an assembly of sheets of wood obtained by peeling or by slicing, these sheets being generally referred to by the term of plies, said plies being glued to each other under pressure.
On fabrique couramment des panneaux contreplaqués constitués de cinq feuilles, avec un pli central, appelé âme, entouré de part et d'autre par deux plis intérieurs, les plis extérieurs étant désignés respectivement face (ou parement) et contreface (ou contreparement). Les plis intérieurs ou les plis extérieurs peuvent être composés de plusieurs plis joints ou juxtaposés.We commonly manufacture plywood panels consisting of five sheets, with a central ply, called core, surrounded on either side by two interior plies, the outer plies being designated respectively face (or facing) and backface (or backing). The inner plies or the outer plies can be composed of several joined or juxtaposed plies.
Les plis extérieurs peuvent être constitués d'un ou plusieurs placages de bois décoratif tranché ou déroulé pour former des panneaux contreplaqués décoratifs.The exterior plies may consist of one or more decorative wood veneers sliced or peeled to form decorative plywood panels.
Certains inconvénients des panneaux contreplaqués connus résident dans leur faible qualité perçue et dans leur épaisseur souvent importante. En effet, les couches extérieures (parement et contreparement) font généralement quelques dixièmes de millimètre d'épaisseur et l'épaisseur totale des panneaux atteint généralement 20 mm à 30 mm, jusqu'à 50 mm.Certain drawbacks of known plywood panels lie in their perceived low quality and in their often great thickness. Indeed, the outer layers (facing and backing) are generally a few tenths of a millimeter thick and the total thickness of the panels generally reaches 20 mm to 30 mm, up to 50 mm.
En pratique, aujourd'hui, les acteurs de la première transformation du bois, des arbres et grumes brutes jusqu'aux panneaux sciés en bois massifs, ne parviennent pas à fournir des panneaux ayant des sections adaptées pour que les acteurs de la deuxième et de la troisième transformation du bois, à savoir les fabricants d'objets et meubles, rabotiers, mouluriers, etc., puissent pratiquer leur art dans de bonnes conditions. En particulier, en Europe, l'utilisation d'essences de chênes ou de résineux nord-européens ne permet pas de disposer de plaques de grande largeur pour pratiquer ces deuxième et troisième transformations.In practice, today, those involved in the first transformation of wood, from trees and raw logs to sawn solid wood panels, are unable to provide panels with suitable sections so that those involved in second and the third transformation of wood, namely the manufacturers of objects and furniture, planers, moulders, etc., can practice their art in good conditions. In particular, in Europe, the use of species of oak or of North European conifers does not make it possible to have large-width slabs for carrying out these second and third transformations.
De ce fait, l'état de la technique fournit, pour ces acteurs de la deuxième et des troisièmes transformations du bois, les panneaux contreplaqués brièvement décrits précédemment, ou encore des panneaux de particules, riches en colle, des panneaux de particules haute densité ou des panneaux en bois dit reconstitué.As a result, the state of the art provides, for these players in the second and third transformations of wood, the plywood panels briefly described above, or particle boards, rich in glue, high density particle boards or so-called reconstituted wood panels.
Il existe donc un besoin pour un procédé de fabrication bout en bout permettant de produire des panneaux de bois massif, notamment de grande largeur et y compris de faible épaisseur, de petite ou de grande longueur, et de grande qualité esthétique.There is therefore a need for an end-to-end manufacturing process making it possible to produce solid wood panels, in particular of great width and including of low thickness, of small or of great length, and of high aesthetic quality.
A cette fin, il est proposé un procédé de fabrication de panneaux de bois massif multicouche, à partir de placages minces de bois massifs collés les uns aux autres de sorte que les fibres de bois de placages adjacents se lient entre elles.To this end, there is provided a method of manufacturing multi-layered solid wood panels, from thin veneers of solid wood glued to each other so that the wood fibers of adjacent veneers bond together.
Plus précisément, l'invention vise un procédé de production de panneaux en bois massif multicouche comprenant les étapes suivantes :
- l'écorçage de grumes de bois, notamment ayant un diamètre supérieur à 30 cm, de préférence ayant un diamètre compris entre 80 cm et 110 cm ;
- le premier tronçonnage des grumes de bois écorcées pour former des billons, de préférence ayant une longueur égale à un multiple entier d'une longueur comprise entre 120 cm et 135 cm ;
- l'étuvage desdites billons ;
- le déroulage des billons après étuvage, pour former des placages de bois massif ayant une épaisseur comprise entre 1 mm et 10 mm, de préférence comprise entre 1,5 mm et 4,5 mm, de façon encore préférée égale à 3,2 mm ;
- la pré-coupe de fibres de bois, dans lesdits placages de bois massif, dans des portions sur lesquelles lesdites fibres de bois sont tendues ;
- le séchage continu des placages de bois massif ;
- le tri manuel ou automatique des placages de bois massif en fonction d'au moins un critère de qualité visuelle, pour former une première catégorie de placages destinés à constituer des couches externes des panneaux de bois massif multicouche et une deuxième catégorie de placages destinés à constituer des couches externes des panneaux de bois massif multicouche ;
- la réalisation d'assemblages de placages de bois massif par :
- encollage de faces de placages à assembler, notamment par de la colle vinylique ;
- composition d'assemblages de placages comprenant une pluralité de placages de bois massif disposés l'un contre l'autre, faces encollées respectives en vis-à-vis, de façon à être collés, chaque assemblage de placages comprenant un placage de première catégorie pour chaque couche extérieure et, le cas échéant, un ou plusieurs placages de deuxième catégorie comme couches intérieures, chaque assemblage de placages comprenant de préférence entre 2 et 16 couches ;
- pressage des assemblages de placages pour former des panneaux de bois massif multicouche.
- debarking of wooden logs, in particular having a diameter greater than 30 cm, preferably having a diameter of between 80 cm and 110 cm;
- the first cutting of the debarked logs to form logs, preferably having a length equal to an integer multiple of a length between 120 cm and 135 cm;
- steaming of said logs;
- the unrolling of the logs after steaming, to form solid wood veneers having a thickness between 1 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1.5 mm and 4.5 mm, more preferably equal to 3.2 mm;
- pre-cutting wood fibers, in said solid wood veneers, in portions over which said wood fibers are stretched;
- continuous drying of solid wood veneers;
- manual or automatic sorting of solid wood veneers as a function of at least one visual quality criterion, to form a first category of veneers intended to constitute outer layers of multi-layered solid wood panels and a second category of veneers intended to form the outer layers of multi-layered solid wood panels;
- the production of solid wood veneer assemblies by:
- gluing of the faces of veneers to be assembled, in particular by vinyl glue;
- composition of veneer assemblies comprising a plurality of solid wood veneers arranged one against the other, respective glued faces facing each other, so as to be glued, each veneer assembly comprising a first category veneer for each exterior layer and, optionally, one or more second class veneers as interior layers, each veneer assembly preferably comprising between 2 and 16 layers;
- pressing veneer assemblies to form multi-layered solid wood panels.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les fibres de bois de chaque placage de bois massif ayant un sens, autrement dit une orientation moyenne, les placages de bois massif sont collés l'un à l'autre deux à deux de sorte que les sens des fibres de bois de chacun desdits placages soient parallèles dans tout l'assemblage de placages.According to one embodiment, the wood fibers of each solid wood veneer having a direction, in other words an average orientation, the solid wood veneers are glued to each other two by two so that the directions of the fibers of each of said veneers are parallel throughout the veneer assembly.
Avantageusement, le procédé comprend par ailleurs une étape de deuxième tronçonnage, après l'étape d'étuvage, pour former des billons ayant une longueur finale comprise entre 120 cm et 135 cm, le premier tronçonnage aboutissant à former des billons ayant une longueur égale à un multiple entier supérieur ou égal à 2 de ladite longueur finale desdits billons.Advantageously, the method also comprises a second cutting step, after the steaming step, to form ridges having a final length between 120 cm and 135 cm, the first cutting resulting in forming logs having a length equal to an integer multiple greater than or equal to 2 of said final length of said logs.
Avantageusement, le procédé comprend par ailleurs, au terme de l'étape de pressage permettant de former des panneaux de bois massif multicouche, une étape de délignage des panneaux de bois massif multicouche pour leur conférer une forme sensiblement parallélépipédique.Advantageously, the method further comprises, at the end of the pressing step making it possible to form solid multilayer wood panels, a step of edging the multilayer solid wood panels in order to give them a substantially parallelepipedal shape.
Avantageusement, le procédé comprend, après l'étape de délignage, une étape de ponçage pour améliorer la qualité de surface desdits panneaux de bois massif multicouche.Advantageously, the method comprises, after the edging step, a sanding step to improve the surface quality of said multilayer solid wood panels.
Avantageusement, le procédé comprend, après l'étape de ponçage, une étape de découpage pour former des panneaux de bois massif multicouche ayant des dimensions finales voulues.Advantageously, the method comprises, after the sanding step, a cutting step to form multi-layered solid wood panels having desired final dimensions.
Avantageusement, le procédé comprend par ailleurs, avant l'étape de séchage continu, une étape de massicotage, pour former des placages ayant des dimensions voulues.Advantageously, the method further comprises, before the continuous drying step, a trimming step, to form veneers having desired dimensions.
Avantageusement, le procédé comprend par ailleurs une étape de peinture des panneaux de bois massif multicouche et/ou une étape de vernissage des panneaux de bois massif multicouche et/ou une étape de réalisation de découpe à façon sur les panneaux de bois massif multicouche.Advantageously, the method also comprises a step of painting the multilayer solid wood panels and / or a varnishing step of the wood panels. multi-layered solid wood and / or a custom cutting step on the multi-layered solid wood panels.
Un avantage du procédé selon l'invention réside dans le fait que les panneaux de bois massif multicouche ainsi produits présentent un aspect de bois massif : on ne voit pas de strates car les fibres de bois de placages adjacents collés entre eux se relient.An advantage of the process according to the invention lies in the fact that the multi-layered solid wood panels thus produced have a solid wood appearance: strata are not seen because the wood fibers of adjacent veneers glued together are connected.
Le procédé selon l'invention permet la production de panneaux de bois massif multicouche semi-finis à partir de bois brut, notamment dans des plages de dimensions allant de 6 mm à 48 mm en épaisseur pour environ 1,2 m de largeur et environ 2,3 m de longueur.The process according to the invention allows the production of semi-finished multilayer solid wood panels from raw wood, in particular in size ranges ranging from 6 mm to 48 mm in thickness for approximately 1.2 m in width and approximately 2 m. , 3 m in length.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple, et se référant au dessin annexé, donné à titre d'illustration non limitative, et qui représente :
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Fig. 1 : lafigure 1 montre un schéma-bloc des étapes du procédé selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
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Fig. 1 : thefigure 1 shows a block diagram of the steps of the method according to one embodiment of the invention.
Il faut noter que la figure expose l'invention de manière détaillée pour permettre sa mise en œuvre.It should be noted that the figure shows the invention in detail to allow its implementation.
Le procédé selon l'invention permet la fabrication de panneaux de bois massif multicouche, comprenant une pluralité de placages de bois massif collés les unes aux autres, de préférence parallèlement au sens des fibres de bois.The method according to the invention allows the manufacture of multi-layered solid wood panels, comprising a plurality of solid wood veneers bonded to one another, preferably parallel to the direction of the wood fibers.
Selon un mode de réalisation, chaque placage présente une épaisseur d'environ 3,2 mm, soit en tout état de cause une épaisseur comprise entre 1 mm et 10 mm, de préférence entre 1,5 mm et 4,5 mm, de préférence encore entre 3,0 mm et 3,4 mm. Cette épaisseur réduite est importante car elle permet notamment d'obtenir un produit fini se distinguant d'un matériau comme le bois massif reconstitué. En effet, dans une plaque de bois massif reconstitué, la jointure entre couches de bois est bien visible, notamment par la tranche, car chaque couche présente une épaisseur d'au moins 2 cm.According to one embodiment, each veneer has a thickness of approximately 3.2 mm, or in any event a thickness of between 1 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1.5 mm and 4.5 mm, preferably still between 3.0 mm and 3.4 mm. This reduced thickness is important because it makes it possible in particular to obtain a finished product which differs from a material such as reconstituted solid wood. In fact, in a reconstituted solid wood plate, the join between layers of wood is clearly visible, in particular by the edge, because each layer has a thickness of at least 2 cm.
Toujours de préférence, le panneau comprend entre 2 et 20 placages, de préférence entre 2 et 16 placages, pour une épaisseur totale comprise entre 6 mm et 48 mm.Still preferably, the panel comprises between 2 and 20 veneers, preferably between 2 and 16 veneers, for a total thickness of between 6 mm and 48 mm.
En référence à la
L'étape 1 est une étape d'écorçage. A partir de grumes de bois, stockées, on vient ôter l'écorce. On prévoit aussi en continuité de cette étape 1 d'écorçage un premier tronçonnage 2, partiel, des grumes en billons dont la taille est un multiple de la longueur finale souhaitée des billons en vue du déroulage (étape 5). Autrement dit, les billons obtenus après ce premier tronçonnage ont une longueur égale à un multiple entier de la longueur des billons finaux, qui est comprise de préférence entre 1,2 m et 1,35 m et peut atteindre environ 2 m.
L'étape 3 consiste en un étuvage par immersion dans des réservoirs d'eau chaude. Lors de cette étape d'étuvage, durant laquelle les billons sont soumis à une importante élévation de l'humidité et de la température, on observe un assouplissement des dits billons.
Exposé à une humidité et à une température élevée, le bois subit en effet au cours de cette étape 3 un processus de transformations chimique. Cela permet, pour la plupart des essences de bois, de réduire les efforts de coupe nécessaires, de limiter l'usure des outils et l'apparition de fissures dans le bois, tout en améliorant l'état de surface des placages obtenues après déroulage (étape 5), en fluidifiant les poches de résines abrasives, le cas échéant, et en ramollissant les nœuds du bois.When exposed to humidity and high temperature, the wood undergoes a chemical transformation process during this
Au terme de l'étape 3 d'étuvage, les billons présentent une humidité homogène, ce qui permettra également d'accélérer leur séchage continu (étape 6).At the end of
Pour chaque essence de bois, la température optimale et la durée de l'étuvage par immersion dans des bassins d'eau chaude sont choisies en fonction de besoins liés à la production. En pratique, la température et la durée de l'étuvage prévu à l'étape 3 varient respectivement entre 50°C et 90°C et entre 24 h et 48 h, en fonction de l'essence de bois et du diamètre des billons.For each type of wood, the optimum temperature and the duration of the steaming by immersion in hot water basins are chosen according to production needs. In practice, the temperature and the duration of the steaming provided for in
Après l'étape 3 d'étuvage, vient une deuxième étape 4 de deuxième tronçonnage. L'étape 4 correspond au tronçonnage des billons issus du premier tronçonnage à l'étape 2, pour former des billons de taille adaptée pour alimenter une ligne de déroulage (voir étape 5). De préférence, selon l'invention, on produit au terme de cette étape 4 des billons ayant une longueur d'environ 1,2 m à 1,35 m et un diamètre d'au moins 30 cm. Il est en principe possible de déroger au diamètre minimum de 30 cm ; toutefois, il est préférable que le diamètre des billons soit suffisant pour que l'étape de déroulage soit efficace. En pratique, on pourra engager des billons ayant un diamètre d'au moins 80 cm et jusqu'à 110 cm.After baking
La longueur réduite des billons, soit 1,2 m à 1,35 m en particulier, permet de disposer aisément de sections de grumes suffisamment rectilignes, y compris à partir de troncs qui auraient pu être considérés comme impropres à une utilisation industrielle dans les procédés de production traditionnels, où les billons ont une longueur devant être supérieure à au moins 2,6 m, voire très supérieure à 4 m.The reduced length of the logs, 1.2 m to 1.35 m in particular, makes it easy to have sufficiently straight sections of logs, including from trunks that could have been considered unsuitable for industrial use in the processes. traditional production, where the logs have a length that must be greater than at least 2.6 m, or even much greater than 4 m.
Il est précisé que l'existence de deux étapes distinctes de premier et de deuxième tronçonnage 2, 4 est décrite ici à titre illustratif. Le cas échéant, dans une variante de mise en œuvre de l'invention, il peut y avoir seulement un tronçonnage, avant l'étuvage 3, pour produire directement des billons ayant la taille finale souhaitée, typiquement comprise entre 1,2 m et 1,35 m. Pour améliorer la cadence industrielle, toutefois, on envisage de préférence un premier tronçonnage 2, après l'écorçage 1 et avant l'étuvage 3, pour former des billons ayant une longueur égale à un multiple entier supérieur ou égal à 2 de la longueur de billon finale souhaitée. Dans ce dernier cas, il est prévu un deuxième tronçonnage 4, après l'étuvage 3, pour produire les billons ayant la longueur finale souhaitée.It is specified that the existence of two distinct stages of first and
L'étape 5 de déroulage revêt un intérêt majeur dans le procédé selon l'invention.
Lors de l'étape 5 de déroulage, chaque billon de bois est fixé à ses extrémités sur un axe rotatif à l'aide de griffes. À mesure que l'axe tourne, un couteau déroule le bois de manière ininterrompue jusqu'au cœur. Le produit obtenu est un placage déroulé. En général, les premiers mètres de placage déroulé (phase également désignée « mise à rond ») constituent des rébus. Pour former le bois massif multicouche, conformément à l'invention, on souhaite en effet des feuilles entières et uniformes. Le déroulage 5, dans le procédé selon l'invention, permet d'obtenir des couches ménagées dans une même continuité d'arbre, le rendu étant fidèle à la continuité de matière de l'arbre tel qu'il a poussé, à la différence de procédés dans lesquels des morceaux de bois, des plaques de taille réduite, sont collés les uns aux autres latéralement pour former des plaques plus grandes, ces dernières étant ensuite empilées. Le déroulage permet ainsi de réaliser de longs placages d'épaisseur réduite, comprise entre 1 mm et 10 mm, de préférence égale à 3,2 mm, et de largeur égale à la largeur des bilons, soit entre 1,2 m et 1,35 m de préférence.During
Il est à noter que les billons de bois doivent être correctement étuvés à l'étape 3, de façon à pouvoir être déroulés de façon satisfaisante. En particulier, l'étape 5 de déroulage doit être réalisée à brève échéance après la fin de l'étape 3 d'étuvage par immersion dans des bassins d'eau chaude, notamment dans les 2h à 12 h suivant ladite fin de l'étape 3 d'étuvage.It should be noted that the logs must be properly steamed in
La qualité du bois des billons envoyés à l'étape 5 de déroulage est importante ; il est précisé notamment que les principales essences de bois résineux peuvent être déroulées, à savoir le sapin, l'épicéa, le mélèze, le douglas et divers pins : noir d'Autriche, sylvestre, laricio, etc.The quality of the wood of the logs sent to stage 5 of peeling is important; it is specified in particular that the main species of softwood can be unrolled, namely fir, spruce, larch, douglas and various pines: Austrian black, sylvestre, laricio, etc.
Les qualités des bois résineux compatibles sont notamment référencées dans la norme européenne de classement des bois ronds résineux NF EN 1927. Il est précisé que d'autres types d'essence de bois peuvent également être mis en œuvre, notamment des essences d'arbres feuillus.The qualities of compatible softwoods are referenced in particular in the European standard for classification of round softwoods NF EN 1927. It is specified that other types of wood species can also be used, in particular hardwood species. .
Selon l'invention, les billons sortant de l'étuvage pratiqué à l'étape 3 peuvent être placés directement sur la dérouleuse, c'est-à-dire sur la machine réalisant l'étape 5 de déroulage, dans le cas où un seul tronçonnage est prévu. Dans le cas où il est prévu un premier tronçonnage 2, avant l'étuvage 3, et un deuxième tronçonnage 4, après l'étuvage 3 et avant le déroulage 5, alors ledit deuxième tronçonnage 4 est réalisé à très brève échéance après l'étuvage 3 de façon à respecter le délai de 2h à 12h entre l'étuvage 3 et le déroulage 5.According to the invention, the logs coming out of the steaming carried out in
Selon un mode de réalisation, au terme du déroulage de chaque billon, le cœur (ou noyau résiduel) est récupéré pour être utilisé à une autre fin, par exemple et selon les essences déroulées, pieds de table, mains courantes, supports de rambarde intérieur, objets de décoration, broyage pour réaliser des plaquettes, etc.According to one embodiment, at the end of the unwinding of each log, the core (or residual core) is recovered to be used for another purpose, for example and depending on the species unrolled, table legs, handrails, interior railing supports. , decorative objects, grinding to make wafers, etc.
Une autre étape importante du procédé selon l'invention réside dans l'étape 6 de pré-coupe des fibres, qui consiste à couper, pour les casser, sans toutefois créer une rupture structurelle du déroulage, les fibres de bois dans des portions dites tendues, où le placage de bois déroulé a tendance à se cintrer.Another important step of the process according to the invention lies in
L'étape 7, de massicotage, consiste à découper le placage de bois déroulé, qui forme un ruban de bois massif mince, aux dimensions requises, étape durant laquelle on élimine par ailleurs les singularités non souhaitées. Il est à noter que l'étape 7 de massicotage peut être effectuée avant ou après l'étape 8 de séchage continu, décrite ci-après.
L'étape 8 réside dans le séchage continu des placages de bois massif déroulé. Le séchage continu est réalisé au moyen d'un séchoir de dimensions adaptées. Les placages de bois massif déroulé sont introduits par une entrée du séchoir et, par l'intermédiaire d'une circulation d'air chaud à l'intérieur, émergent secs du séchoir, en ayant séché de manière continue à l'intérieur du séchoir.
En sortie du séchoir, les placages de bois massif déroulés séchés sont triés lors d'une étape 9, qui est très importante dans le contexte du procédé selon l'invention.On leaving the dryer, the dried unrolled solid wood veneers are sorted during a
Les placages de bois massif déroulé et séchés sont ainsi triés en fonction de leur qualité, principalement esthétique, entre une première catégorie correspondant à des placages destinés à former des couches externes (autrement dit des faces et contrefaces) des panneaux de bois massifs multicouche et une deuxième catégorie correspondant à des placages destinés à former des couches internes (autrement dit des plis intérieurs) des panneaux de bois massifs multicouche.The veneers of unrolled and dried solid wood are thus sorted according to their quality, mainly aesthetic, between a first category corresponding to veneers intended to form the external layers (in other words of the faces and counterfaces) of the solid multi-layer wood panels and a second category corresponding to veneers intended to form internal layers (in other words internal folds) of solid multi-layered wood panels.
Par exemple, les placages de bois massif déroulé, séchés et triés, sont stockées temporairement en formant des piles comprenant des placages appartenant exclusivement à l'une desdites première et deuxième catégories.For example, the veneers of unrolled solid wood, dried and sorted, are stored temporarily by forming piles comprising veneers belonging exclusively to one of said first and second categories.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le tri des placages de bois massif est effectué de façon automatique par des machines disposant de capteurs optiques et configurées de manière adaptée. Le tri peut alternativement être effectué par des opérateurs humains.According to one embodiment, the sorting of solid wood veneers is carried out automatically by machines having optical sensors and configured in a suitable manner. Sorting can alternatively be performed by human operators.
Lors de l'étape 10, les placages de bois massif déroulé, séchés et triés, sont encollés, puis placés les uns contre les autres, de préférence parallèlement au sens des fibres du bois, lors d'une étape 11 de composition, en respectant les catégories des placages, et pressés (étape 12).During
A cette fin, les placages sont introduits dans une machine désignée encolleuse, qui applique de la colle, par exemple une colle vinylique, notamment environ 200 g de colle par m2 de placage, sur des faces des placages de bois massifs, puis les faces encollées de deux placages à assembler sont disposées en vis-à-vis et les placages sont appliqués l'un contre l'autre jusqu'au durcissement de la colle afin d'assurer une continuité cohésive entre lesdits placages. La colle utilisée, en particulier une colle vinylique, est choisie comme ayant la qualité de devenir transparente en séchant.To this end, the veneers are introduced into a machine called a gluing machine, which applies glue, for example a vinyl glue, in particular about 200 g of glue per m 2 of veneer, on the faces of the solid wood veneers, then the faces Two glued veneers to be assembled are placed opposite each other and the veneers are applied against each other until the adhesive has hardened in order to ensure cohesive continuity between said veneers. The glue used, in particular a vinyl glue, is chosen as having the quality of becoming transparent on drying.
Lors de l'étape 11, une pluralité de placages de bois massif sont ainsi superposés et collés pour former un assemblage de placages comprenant une pluralité de couches, selon le besoin, notamment entre 2 et 16 couches, chaque couche correspondant à un placage de bois massif, avec les placages de première catégorie formant des couches extérieures de l'assemblage et les placages de deuxième catégorie formant des couches intérieures de l'assemblage.During
Les assemblages de placages ainsi formés sont ensuite pressés, les caractéristiques du pressage (étape 12) variant en fonction du type de colle utilisé. La polymérisation de la colle impose parfois un chauffage concomitant. Le temps de pressage est également adapté en fonction de la colle et de l'essence de bois mis en œuvre.The veneer assemblies thus formed are then pressed, the characteristics of the pressing (step 12) varying according to the type of glue used. The polymerization of the adhesive sometimes requires concomitant heating. The pressing time is also adapted according to the glue and the wood species used.
Des finitions peuvent alors être mises en œuvre : le délignage (étape 13) consiste à donner aux assemblages de placages une forme sensiblement parallélépipédique et le ponçage (étape 14) permet d'en améliorer l'état de surface.Finishes can then be implemented: edging (step 13) consists in giving the veneer assemblies a substantially parallelepipedal shape and sanding (step 14) makes it possible to improve the surface condition.
L'étape 15 réside dans le découpage des assemblages ainsi finis, pour former des panneaux de bois massif multicouches aux dimensions voulues.
Optionnellement, les panneaux de bois massif multicouche peuvent être peints, vernis, se voir pratiquer des moulures, et, plus généralement, peuvent subir toute opération de découpe à façon (sciage, perçage, défonçage, etc.).Optionally, multi-layer solid wood panels can be painted, varnished, have moldings made, and, more generally, can undergo any custom cutting operation (sawing, drilling, routing, etc.).
Les panneaux de bois massif multicouches peuvent ensuite être étiquetés et stockés en vue de leur vente.The multi-layered solid wood panels can then be labeled and stored for sale.
Claims (8)
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RS20220203A RS62962B1 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2020-05-27 | Method for manufacturing multi-layer solid wood panels |
SI202030034T SI3744492T1 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2020-05-27 | Method for manufacturing multi-layer solid wood panels |
PL20176871T PL3744492T3 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2020-05-27 | Method for manufacturing multi-layer solid wood panels |
HRP20220322TT HRP20220322T1 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2020-05-27 | Method for manufacturing multi-layer solid wood panels |
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FR1905756A FR3096601B1 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | Manufacturing process of multi-layered solid wood panels |
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CY (1) | CY1125040T1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK3744492T3 (en) |
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FR (1) | FR3096601B1 (en) |
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HU (1) | HUE058037T2 (en) |
LT (1) | LT3744492T (en) |
PL (1) | PL3744492T3 (en) |
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB421979A (en) * | 1933-06-29 | 1934-12-31 | Klinger Johann | Process for the manufacture of laminated joinery members |
FR1260058A (en) * | 1960-03-21 | 1961-05-05 | Cie Ind Des Bois Contreplaques | Improvement in so-called slatted plywood |
CN1057723C (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 2000-10-25 | 昆明市木器厂 | High strength electrical laminated wood and its preparing method |
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2019
- 2019-05-29 FR FR1905756A patent/FR3096601B1/en active Active
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2020
- 2020-05-27 HR HRP20220322TT patent/HRP20220322T1/en unknown
- 2020-05-27 ES ES20176871T patent/ES2907487T3/en active Active
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- 2020-05-27 SI SI202030034T patent/SI3744492T1/en unknown
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB421979A (en) * | 1933-06-29 | 1934-12-31 | Klinger Johann | Process for the manufacture of laminated joinery members |
FR1260058A (en) * | 1960-03-21 | 1961-05-05 | Cie Ind Des Bois Contreplaques | Improvement in so-called slatted plywood |
CN1057723C (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 2000-10-25 | 昆明市木器厂 | High strength electrical laminated wood and its preparing method |
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RS62962B1 (en) | 2022-03-31 |
CY1125040T1 (en) | 2023-03-24 |
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FR3096601B1 (en) | 2021-06-11 |
ES2907487T3 (en) | 2022-04-25 |
PL3744492T3 (en) | 2022-06-20 |
SI3744492T1 (en) | 2022-04-29 |
EP3744492B1 (en) | 2021-12-08 |
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