EP3728949B1 - Brûleur et ensemble de brûleurs compacts - Google Patents

Brûleur et ensemble de brûleurs compacts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3728949B1
EP3728949B1 EP18827212.4A EP18827212A EP3728949B1 EP 3728949 B1 EP3728949 B1 EP 3728949B1 EP 18827212 A EP18827212 A EP 18827212A EP 3728949 B1 EP3728949 B1 EP 3728949B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
air inlet
inlet tube
diameter
gas injection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18827212.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3728949A1 (fr
Inventor
Pascal LAROCHE
Fouad SAID
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fives Pillard SA
Original Assignee
Fives Pillard SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fives Pillard SA filed Critical Fives Pillard SA
Publication of EP3728949A1 publication Critical patent/EP3728949A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3728949B1 publication Critical patent/EP3728949B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/26—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid with provision for a retention flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in parallel arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/84—Flame spreading or otherwise shaping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D23/00—Assemblies of two or more burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/06043—Burner staging, i.e. radially stratified flame core burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/007—Mixing tubes, air supply regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2205/00—Assemblies of two or more burners, irrespective of fuel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2209/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23D2209/20—Flame lift-off / stability
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00015—Pilot burners specially adapted for low load or transient conditions, e.g. for increasing stability
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/11401—Flame intercepting baffles forming part of burner head
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14701—Swirling means inside the mixing tube or chamber to improve premixing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner and a set of industrial gas burners. These burners emit nitrogen oxides (NOx) which are sources of pollution.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • the installations are of various shapes and the burner must be able to adapt as much as possible to the geometries of the combustion chambers.
  • a premix burner is described by the document CN104501208A .
  • the object of the invention is a compact gas burner based on premixing technology and consisting of a single gas inlet.
  • This burner consists of an elementary module developing a low-NOx and low-CO flame with a controlled shape and adapted to the shape of the combustion chamber.
  • the object of the invention is also the association of several elementary modules in an assembly which makes it possible to obtain greater thermal power while maintaining a low level of NOx and CO emissions. It also makes it possible to increase the variability of the assembly to allow more flexibility in the management of the power.
  • the burner is thus more compact and simpler.
  • the air inlet tube has a length L and a diameter D1, such that the length L is between three and six times the diameter D1. This dimension makes it possible to obtain a burner that is both compact and efficient.
  • the upstream gas injector is located at a distance L1 from an upstream end of the air inlet tube of between 0.5 times the diameter D1 and the length L.
  • the upstream gas injector comprises at least two elements with axes x and x' arranged radially to the air inlet tube, each element comprising gas injection holes arranged along its axis.
  • the upstream gas injector comprises at least two y and y' axis mixing elements inclined with respect to the radius of the air inlet tube and connecting the air inlet tube and the injection duct gas and each mixing element has gas injection holes arranged along its axis y or y'. This simultaneously makes it possible to ensure turbulence such as to promote the mixing of gas and air and to minimize the pressure drop on the air side.
  • upstream gas injector above can be used in other types of burners from those described above.
  • the current state of the art consists in ensuring the gas injection function by an injector and the mixing function by a specific mechanical part (mixer, rosette, etc.) placed upstream or downstream of the gas injector.
  • the major problem with this implementation lies in the high pressure drop generated by the mixer, which is incompatible with the user's recommendations because it involves the choice of more powerful air fans (cost, electrical consumption).
  • the object of the upstream gas injector described above consists in performing the two functions of gas injection and mixing via a single mechanical part.
  • the injection of gas upstream makes it possible to minimize the pressure drops by an aerodynamic shape and to create turbulence by a twisted and inclined shape with respect to the radius of the air inlet tube.
  • the diffuser is located at a distance L4 from an upstream end of the air inlet tube between L and L-D1.
  • the diffuser has a section less than or equal to 0.5 times the section of the air inlet tube.
  • the diffuser comprises a stabilizing element of diameter D5 and a concentrator of diameter D8 and of length L7, the stabilizing element is pierced with holes distributed over two concentric circles of diameter D6 and D7, that D7 ⁇ D8 ⁇ D6 and that the length L7 is between 0 and D5.
  • the combination of the diffuser and the concentrator above can be used for other types of burners than those described in the present description.
  • the gas and air In order to achieve ultra low-NOx performance using premix technology, the gas and air must be supplied in specific proportions while remaining within the flammability range of the gas to be burned.
  • the flammability range of methane is between 5% and 15%.
  • the flammability range of methane is then defined by: 0.66 ⁇ R ⁇ 2
  • the stabilization element has the shape of a cylindrical disc and comprises several holes of calibrated section and arranged on different diameters and a concentrator mechanically connected to the stabilization element upstream of the latter.
  • downstream gas injection is located at a distance L3 from an upstream end of the air inlet tube comprised between L4 ⁇ (0.5 ⁇ D1) and L4.
  • the air inlet tube is extended by mechanical flame protection walls.
  • post-combustion burners are fitted downstream of the gas turbines (cogeneration).
  • the burners When the turbine is stopped, the burners must be able to operate in fresh air mode while respecting the environmental regulations in force (NOx and CO). In this operating mode, the burners have the function of heating large volumes of air.
  • the set of burners, object of the present invention makes it possible to obtain low NOx values thanks to the premixing technology.
  • the premix flames must be protected from the flow of fresh air coming from the sheath, in order to avoid the phenomena of rapid cooling of the flame (quenching), at the origin of the formation of gaseous unburned matter (CO).
  • the mechanical flame protection walls have a diameter D2 comprised between the diameter D1 of the air inlet tube and 5 ⁇ D1.
  • the mechanical flame protection walls have an angle of inclination ⁇ 2 with respect to the axis of the burner comprised between 0° and 20°.
  • a peripheral gas injection is located at a distance L6 from an upstream end of the air inlet tube such that: 0 ⁇ I ⁇ I 6 ⁇ 2 x D 1 .
  • the mixer is located at a distance L2 from an upstream end of the air inlet tube such that: I ⁇ I 3 ⁇ I ⁇ I 2 ⁇ I .
  • the mixer has a section less than or equal to 0.5 times the section of the air inlet tube.
  • the set of burners comprises a second secondary air tube of diameter D4 concentric with the air tube of diameter D1 such that D4>D1.
  • an intermediate gas injection is located at a distance L8 from the upstream end of the air inlet tube such that L8>0.
  • the assembly according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a number Nmax of burners, said burners having at least one of the preceding characteristics. It is possible to choose an embodiment adapted to the combustion chamber and make it possible to obtain a higher power set.
  • the burners are preferably juxtaposed in the hearth and can have several gas inlets or a single inlet for all.
  • the number Nmax of burners develop a power between Pmax and Pmin
  • Vp (Nmax ⁇ Pmax) / (Nmin ⁇ Pmin).
  • the variation in power (or load) of a set of burners is an important parameter for the user because it makes it possible to provide operating flexibility to the installation.
  • the maximum power is defined according to the need while the minimum power is defined in accordance with the technical possibilities achievable. For a given maximum power, the lower the minimum load, the greater the variation in power and the more flexible the installation.
  • the set of burners comprises m injections of peripheral gas, such that m>1.
  • the purpose of the gas injection associated with the set of burners is to reduce the excess air to usable proportions and to limit the lengthening of the flame in the combustion chamber.
  • This injection of gas is arranged at the periphery of the set of burners and can be set back upstream with respect to the air inlet tube.
  • the part of the burner located further forward with respect to the gas flow or the air flow will be called upstream, and downstream the part located further in the direction of said flow.
  • the gas arrives according to arrow G and the air according to arrow A and the secondary air according to arrow A2.
  • the gas arrives via the specific gas injection system 3 via the conduit 31 to exit via the upstream gas injection 4 and the downstream gas injection 6.
  • the air for its part, circulates in the inlet tube of air 2.
  • the upstream gas injection 4 is detailed figure 6 And 7 .
  • FIG. 6 it comprises two elements 40 arranged radially. They each start from the gas inlet duct 31 and extend as far as the air inlet tube 2. These elements 40 are perforated with holes 400 arranged in the downstream part. The holes 400 are either aligned in the middle or on the sides, or distributed in staggered rows as on the figure 6 .
  • the elements 41 are inclined with respect to the radius of the air inlet tube 2 and each start from the gas inlet duct 31 and extend to the air inlet tube 2. They can have a aerodynamic shape.
  • Diffuser 7 is detailed in figures 5a and 5b . It consists of a disc 71, of diameter D5, pierced with holes 72 and of a concentrator 73.
  • the concentrator 73 is cylindrical in shape with a diameter D8 and a length L7.
  • the holes 72 are arranged on different concentric diameters: D6 and D7.
  • a series of holes 720 of diameter D6 is arranged outside the concentrator 73 and a series of holes 721 of diameter D7 is arranged inside the concentrator 73.
  • the downstream gas injection 6 is placed inside the concentrator 73. In the example illustrated there are only two series of holes 720 and 721, but there could be more.
  • a mechanical flame protection system 82 located inside the hearth 8, it consists of a wall 9 of conical shape of length L5, of minimum inside diameter D2 and located at the downstream end 21 of the tube d air inlet 2.
  • the cone makes an angle a2 with respect to the axis X of the tube 2.
  • the gas injections have not been represented in this figure 2 .
  • Peripheral gas injections 10 are arranged on the direct outer periphery of the air inlet tube 2 in the example of the picture 3 . They are fed by the specific gas injection system 3 of the burner 1. It is better to preferably provide two injections symmetrical with respect to the axis X in order to balance the flame 82.
  • the air inlet tube 2 is surrounded by a second secondary air inlet tube 22 concentric and of the same length, intermediate gas injections 11 are arranged in an annular space 23 defined by the two tubes 2 and 22. These intermediate gas injections 11 enter the annular space 23 with a length L8.
  • the length L8 must be non-zero to prevent the gas from being sent elsewhere than into the annular space.
  • Stabilizing elements, such as diffusers 70, are placed at the exit from annular space 23.
  • FIG. 10 And 11 illustrate different burner settings according to the invention that can be used in the minerals industry with the premixing technology with air factors R. Gas injections have not been represented in these two figures.
  • the premix is adjusted with an air factor R of between 1 and 2. It can be seen that in this case the flame 82 is long and therefore the secondary air is introduced directly into the flame a combustion in excess of air and a low quantity of NOx in the primary zone 80 and a high quantity in the secondary zone 81.
  • the premix is set with an air factor R between 0.25 and 1.
  • the flame 82 is short and, therefore, the introduction of the secondary air is delayed after the flame 82 this which causes combustion with a lack of air and a low quantity of NOx both in the primary zone 80 and the secondary zone 81, there is then a "reburning" effect.
  • the burners are arranged in a hearth 8 according to different arrangements to constitute a set 12 of burners such as those illustrated in figures 8a, 8b Or 9 .
  • the number and arrangement of burners in the assembly depends on the type of application involved and the power required.
  • the burners are aligned vertically in two vertical lines of 5 burners and two additional burners are arranged on each side in the middle in order to concentrate the flame 82.
  • the burners are aligned vertically along several vertical lines and peripheral gas injections 10 are placed on the periphery of the hearth 8. It is possible to arrange other peripheral injections at other places of the hearth 8.
  • the number and arrangement of the burners may vary. Depending on the characteristics of the combustion chamber, a minimum number of burners is required.
  • DeltaP is the pressure difference between burner 1 and burner 8.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
EP18827212.4A 2017-12-21 2018-11-29 Brûleur et ensemble de brûleurs compacts Active EP3728949B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1762740A FR3075931B1 (fr) 2017-12-21 2017-12-21 Bruleur et ensemble de bruleurs compacts
PCT/FR2018/053051 WO2019122566A1 (fr) 2017-12-21 2018-11-29 Brûleur et ensemble de brûleurs compacts

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3728949A1 EP3728949A1 (fr) 2020-10-28
EP3728949B1 true EP3728949B1 (fr) 2023-03-08

Family

ID=61873465

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18827212.4A Active EP3728949B1 (fr) 2017-12-21 2018-11-29 Brûleur et ensemble de brûleurs compacts

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US11988378B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3728949B1 (zh)
KR (1) KR102683939B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN111492180B (zh)
ES (1) ES2944436T3 (zh)
FR (1) FR3075931B1 (zh)
LT (1) LT3728949T (zh)
PL (1) PL3728949T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2019122566A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021006829A1 (en) * 2019-07-10 2021-01-14 Femas Metal San. Ve Tic. A.S. Burner assembly for a gas cooking device

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2019122566A1 (fr) 2019-06-27
KR20200098542A (ko) 2020-08-20
PL3728949T3 (pl) 2023-06-26
US20200309364A1 (en) 2020-10-01
FR3075931B1 (fr) 2020-05-22
CN111492180A (zh) 2020-08-04
ES2944436T3 (es) 2023-06-21
FR3075931A1 (fr) 2019-06-28
LT3728949T (lt) 2023-05-25
EP3728949A1 (fr) 2020-10-28
CN111492180B (zh) 2023-12-08
US11988378B2 (en) 2024-05-21
KR102683939B1 (ko) 2024-07-11

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