EP3724113A2 - Verfahren zum bedrucken von bedruckstoffen, zwischenlage und verwendung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum bedrucken von bedruckstoffen, zwischenlage und verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3724113A2 EP3724113A2 EP18822002.4A EP18822002A EP3724113A2 EP 3724113 A2 EP3724113 A2 EP 3724113A2 EP 18822002 A EP18822002 A EP 18822002A EP 3724113 A2 EP3724113 A2 EP 3724113A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stack
- intermediate layer
- printing
- substrates
- printed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 164
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 132
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011090 solid board Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 47
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000001431 Psychomotor Agitation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010038743 Restlessness Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010816 packaging waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H33/00—Forming counted batches in delivery pile or stream of articles
- B65H33/04—Forming counted batches in delivery pile or stream of articles by inserting marker slips in pile or stream
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D57/00—Internal frames or supports for flexible articles, e.g. stiffeners; Separators for articles packaged in stacks or groups, e.g. for preventing adhesion of sticky articles
- B65D57/002—Separators for articles packaged in stacks or groups, e.g. stacked or nested
- B65D57/003—Separators for articles packaged in stacks or groups, e.g. stacked or nested for horizontally placed articles, i.e. for stacked or nested articles
- B65D57/004—Separators for articles packaged in stacks or groups, e.g. stacked or nested for horizontally placed articles, i.e. for stacked or nested articles the articles being substantially flat panels, e.g. wooden planks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/10—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B29/005—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to another layer of paper or cardboard layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/08—Corrugated paper or cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H1/00—Supports or magazines for piles from which articles are to be separated
- B65H1/04—Supports or magazines for piles from which articles are to be separated adapted to support articles substantially horizontally, e.g. for separation from top of pile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H1/00—Supports or magazines for piles from which articles are to be separated
- B65H1/26—Supports or magazines for piles from which articles are to be separated with auxiliary supports to facilitate introduction or renewal of the pile
- B65H1/266—Support fully or partially removable from the handling machine, e.g. cassette, drawer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H3/00—Separating articles from piles
- B65H3/26—Separating articles from piles by separators engaging folds, flaps, or projections of articles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/30—Multi-ply
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/30—Multi-ply
- D21H27/40—Multi-ply at least one of the sheets being non-planar, e.g. crêped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/02—2 layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/04—4 layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/12—Coating on the layer surface on paper layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/746—Slipping, anti-blocking, low friction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2554/00—Paper of special types, e.g. banknotes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
- B65H2301/40—Type of handling process
- B65H2301/42—Piling, depiling, handling piles
- B65H2301/422—Handling piles, sets or stacks of articles
- B65H2301/4221—Removing package around stack
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
- B65H2301/40—Type of handling process
- B65H2301/42—Piling, depiling, handling piles
- B65H2301/422—Handling piles, sets or stacks of articles
- B65H2301/4225—Handling piles, sets or stacks of articles in or on special supports
- B65H2301/42256—Pallets; Skids; Platforms with feet, i.e. handled together with the stack
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2407/00—Means not provided for in groups B65H2220/00 – B65H2406/00 specially adapted for particular purposes
- B65H2407/20—Means not provided for in groups B65H2220/00 – B65H2406/00 specially adapted for particular purposes for manual intervention of operator
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
- B65H2701/10—Handled articles or webs
- B65H2701/18—Form of handled article or web
- B65H2701/182—Piled package
- B65H2701/1826—Arrangement of sheets
- B65H2701/18265—Ordered set of batches of articles
- B65H2701/18267—Ordered set of batches of articles wherein the batches are separated by separator elements in the pile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
- B65H2701/10—Handled articles or webs
- B65H2701/18—Form of handled article or web
- B65H2701/182—Piled package
- B65H2701/1826—Arrangement of sheets
- B65H2701/18269—Marker arrangement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
- B65H2701/10—Handled articles or webs
- B65H2701/19—Specific article or web
- B65H2701/1912—Banknotes, bills and cheques or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2801/00—Application field
- B65H2801/03—Image reproduction devices
- B65H2801/21—Industrial-size printers, e.g. rotary printing press
Definitions
- Security paper sheets serve as starting material in the
- Packaging systems is, in view of sustainability, the reduction in the number of packaging and the amount of packaging waste.
- the invention has the general object to provide a more customer-friendly packaging for substrates, especially security paper sheets, which provides an improved stacking location with simplified use and beyond can be produced economically and sustainably.
- Packaging containing therein, register-accurate arranged substrates and intermediate layers, comprising a) a stack carrier; b) a first intermediate layer arranged on the stack carrier, a first printing material stack arranged on the first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer arranged on the first printing material stack, a second printing material stack arranged on the second intermediate layer and optionally at least one further sequence of elements consisting of a further, arranged on the underlying substrate stack of intermediate layer and arranged on the further intermediate layer, further printing material stack;
- a jacket which comprises the elements arranged on the stack carrier, consisting of the first intermediate layer, the first substrate stack, the second intermediate layer, the second substrate stack and the optional further elements, completely in the form of a stack carrier up to the uppermost element extending hood on four side surfaces and a top closely encloses.
- An exemplary packaging with register-accurately arranged printing materials contained therein comprises:
- the stack carrier can in particular be reusable, that is to say be provided for repeated use. According to a preferred variant, the stack carrier is intended for single use only, so to speak a disposable stack carrier.
- the package is transported so that the stack carrier and all elements thereon are arranged above a (wooden) pallet, the (wooden) pallet
- the packaging may e.g. be fixed on the (wood) pallet by means of tension bands.
- the (wood) pallet is provided with longitudinally extending openings suitable for the insertion of forks of a truck, e.g. a forklift or a lifting device of a printing press, are suitable.
- Liners each having a top and a bottom and are at least two layers, with a lower, equipped with padding capability, form deviations from the ideal surface
- Liners are each based on a two-wave corrugated cardboard, in which two different wave types are combined. It is preferred that the upper wavepath is based on a fine wave and the lower wavepath is based on a coarse or center wave.
- the supernatants are preferably such that they can be folded onto the particular substrate stack below. Furthermore, it is preferred that the supernatants are present within the packaging with the register-accurately arranged printing materials and intermediate layers contained therein in a state which is folded onto the respective subjacent printing material stack. According to a variant, the supernatants (or at least one supernatant) are preferably such that they can be folded onto the respective substrate stack present above. This is preferred, for example, when the lowest, located directly on the stack carrier intermediate layer has a projection.
- the individual intermediate layers have, in addition to the first supernatant suitable for the manual or automatic withdrawal of the respective intermediate layer from the printing material stack, two further projections, namely one to the left of the first
- Film lamination is a good mechanical protection and a water vapor-resistant protection achievable.
- Stacked carrier arranged elements when viewed from above on the stack enclose U-shaped. It is preferred the two Join blanks to the folding carton by means of a tape provided with a tear thread.
- the packaging tape is in particular a heat-adhesive packaging tape.
- Apertures are provided for the insertion of forks Truck, such as a forklift or a lifting device of a printing press, are suitable in the stack carrier.
- the elongated openings may be in the form of a grooved top surface of the stack carrier.
- Foil security elements in particular foil strips or foil patches or foil labels, are provided, which lead to deviations from the ideal flatness of the individual sheets in the stack, and within the
- Printing material stack optionally wedge-shaped additional elements
- Substrate stack is reached; 5) optionally repeating steps 3) and 4), in particular until no or a predetermined number of less still remaining substrates in the first printing stock stack is reached.
- the predetermined number of less still remaining substrates is independently in a preferred range of 100 to 1000 substrates, more preferably in a range of 200 to 750 substrates, particularly preferably in a range of 250 to 500 substrates.
- the supernatants are preferably such that they can be folded onto the particular substrate stack below.
- the individual intermediate layers have, in addition to the first supernatant suitable for the manual or automatic withdrawal of the respective intermediate layer from the printing material stack, two further projections, namely one to the left of the first
- stack carrier elements consisting of the first intermediate layer, the first substrate stack, the second intermediate layer, the second printing material stack and the optional other elements, completely in the form of a stack carrier to the top element extending hood on four side surfaces and a top closely encloses;
- the jacket is removed so that the register-accurate arrangement of the stacked substrates is maintained. 25. (Preferred Embodiment) A method according to clause 24, wherein the jacket is a folding carton based in particular on solid board or on a single-walled corrugated board.
- Blanks by means of a tape provided with a tear thread to to join the folding carton are Blanks by means of a tape provided with a tear thread to join the folding carton.
- the packaging tape is in particular a heat-adhesive packaging tape.
- Blank and the second blank each have a network according to the formula (III), see the reference number 30 in the figure 13, have.
- the elongated openings may be in the form of a grooved top surface of the stack carrier.
- the stocks of stocks initially provided in step 1) each contain a number of stocks in a range of 200 to 2500 sheets, preferably 400 to 1500 sheets.
- the number of stock piles and pads initially provided in step 1) each assumes a number in a range of 5 to 12. 35.
- the method of any one of clauses 19 to 34, wherein the stack initially provided in step 1) includes a total of 4,000 to 8,000 stocks.
- Foil security elements in particular foil strips or foil patches or foil labels, are provided, which lead to deviations from the ideal flatness of the individual sheets in the stack, and within the
- wedge slats included to improve the flatness, the in the course of the process successively manually or automatically under
- both the top and the bottom of the intermediate layer each have a frictional resistance to the
- the intermediate layer has a first projection suitable for the manual or automatic withdrawal of the intermediate layer from a printing material stack.
- the intermediate layer has two further protrusions, namely a second protrusion arranged to the left of the first protrusion and a third protrusion arranged to the right of the first protrusion, wherein all three supernatants are adapted to be folded down and / or up to a stack of printing material.
- Intermediate layer according to clause 38 wherein the intermediate layer is based on a two-wave corrugated cardboard, in which two different wave types are combined. It is preferred that the upper wave is based on a fine wave and the lower wave is based on a coarse or medium wave.
- decreasing surface refinement is based on a film lamination or on a UV varnish, a film lamination, in particular a lamination with a polyethylene film, being preferred.
- the term flatness indicates the position of the printing material, e.g. on
- Lamination used i. the gluing with a foil.
- Sheet-fed offset printing machine explained in conjunction with the schematically simplified figures, was waived in their representation on a scale and proportionate reproduction to the
- FIG. 1 in an oblique view an example of a pile carrier with
- FIG. 5 shows an example of an intermediate layer according to the present invention
- FIG. 6 shows a sine wave-shaped waveform for explaining the terms wave pitch (t) and wave height (h);
- Figure 11 shows another embodiment of a
- Packaging according to the invention with contained therein, register-accurate arranged substrates and
- FIG. 13 shows the nets of the cardboard blanks according to FIG. 12 according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 14 shows the sheathing of intermediate layers and substrates arranged register-accurately on a stack carrier with the cardboard blanks according to FIG. 12 according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 21 shows an example of a stack carrier according to the present invention
- FIG. 22 shows another example of a pile carrier according to FIG.
- Figure 23 shows another example of an inventive
- FIG. 24 shows a printing material stack which is stabilized by three intermediate layers shown in FIG.
- sheetfed offset presses consist of the assemblies
- the feeder serves to singulate and feed the printed sheets into the first printing unit.
- further printing units may follow, which include several cylinders as well as dampening and inking unit. After the bows all
- Film security elements such as film strips or film patches or film labels, strong deviations from the ideal flatness of the individual sheets in the stack. To stabilize the flatness therefore usually intermediate layers are used.
- FIG. 1 shows an oblique view of an example of a stack carrier 1 with an intermediate layer 2 arranged thereon, a first printing stock stack 3 arranged above the intermediate layer, an intermediate layer 4 having a projection 5 and a second stack of printing material 6 arranged above the intermediate layer 4
- Substrate stacks 3 and 6 each contain 500 register-accurately arranged substrates, in the example security paper sheets for the production of banknotes.
- the block arrow 7 symbolizes the pneumatic separation of each sheet by means of a
- the supernatant 5 of the intermediate layer 4 has such a dimension that it is possible to pull out and remove the intermediate layer 4 during the continuous printing process manually from the printing material stacks 3 and 6 present above and below the intermediate layer 4, in particular if only a small number of printing materials, for example 250 to 500 substrates, above the intermediate layer 4 are present. Conveniently, the number of remaining substrates before pulling the liner is varied so that a good compromise between an early or
- FIG. 2 shows the example according to FIG. 1 in a cross-sectional view.
- the intermediate layer 4 in this case is a solid plastic plate or a conventional double-walled corrugated board without any surface finishing, to which the adjacent thereto
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example according to the invention
- Interlayer 9 which is based on a twin-walled corrugated board.
- the two-shaft corrugated board comprises three smooth paper webs 10, 11 and 12, as well as a paper wave path 13 with a small wave and a paper wave path 14 with a large wave.
- the upper side of the smooth paper web 10 and the underside of the smooth paper web 12 each have a frictional resistance to the printing material reducing
- the paper wave train 13 with a small wave serves as a layer stabilizing the flatness of the substrates arranged above and providing protection against mechanical stresses.
- the paper wave train 14 with a large shaft serves as an upholstered capability emanating from underlying substrates
- Shape deviations from the ideal surface absorbing layer As surface finishing, a UV varnish could also be used instead of a PE film.
- a PE film as surface finishing is considered in view of the improved preservation of register accuracy in the
- the three smooth paper webs 10, 11 and 12 as well as the paper web 13 with a small wave and the paper web 14 with a large shaft are not made of paper but of a paper-like material, eg a plastic , However, paper is preferred in terms of sustainability and environmental aspects.
- the wave shaft 13 shown in Figure 5 with a small wave and wave path 14 with a large wave can be made in terms of their dimensions as needed.
- FIG. 6 shows a sinusoidal waveform in which the parameter "t” stands for the wave pitch and the parameter "h” stands for the wave height.
- the wave pitch (t) is the measure between two wave tips
- the wave height (h) is the measure between wave trough and wave tip.
- the following exemplary and preferred wave types are distinguished:
- Fine wave t: 3.5 - 6.5 mm; h: 1.9 - 3.1 mm
- the intermediate layer shown in FIG. 5 has a wave path 13 based on a fine wave and a wave path 14 based on a coarse or medium wave.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate the lateral withdrawal of the intermediate layer 9 according to the invention shown in FIG. 5 from a stack of printing materials (16, 17) arranged in register, wherein the lateral withdrawal of the intermediate layer 9 with retention of the
- FIG. 7 shows a stack carrier 19 with an intermediate layer 18 arranged thereon, a printing material stack 17, an intermediate layer 9 according to the invention having a projection 15 and a further printing stock stack 16 arranged above the intermediate layer 9 according to the invention.
- the printing stock stack 17 contains 500 register-accurate
- the projection 15 of the intermediate layer 9 has such a dimension that it is possible to pull out and remove the intermediate layer 9 during the continuous printing process manually from the printing material stacks 16 or 17 present above and below the intermediate layer 9.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the result of the lateral withdrawal of the intermediate layer 9 according to the invention from the stack in register
- Maintaining the register accuracy of the stacked substrates ensures a quiet bow and avoids any possible
- Packaging according to the invention with therein contained, register-accurate arranged substrates and liners. Recognizable in the oblique view are the stack carrier 21 and the jacket 22, which completely covers the substrates and intermediate layers in the form of a hood extending from the stack carrier to the uppermost printing stock stack
- the jacket 22 is in the present example on a solid board or on a single-shaft
- Corrugated cardboard based folding carton which on its inside a
- Foil lamination in particular a lamination with a polyethylene film, has on.
- film lamination a good mechanical protection and a water vapor-braking protection can be achieved.
- FIG. 10 shows the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9 in FIG.
- Stacking carrier 21 are an intermediate layer 23, a printing material stack 24, an intermediate layer 26 having an intermediate layer 25 and above the intermediate layer 25 arranged further substrate stack 27.
- the printing material stack 24 and 27 each contain 500 register accurately arranged substrates, in the example Security paper sheets for
- the projection 26 of the intermediate layer 26 is designed so that it is present within the package in a folded-on to the printing material stack 24 state.
- the printing material stack 24 and 27, the intermediate layers 23 and 25 and partially the stack carrier 21 are closely enclosed by the jacket 22. In this way, a particularly advantageous mechanical and climatic protection for all Shipping methods, including trucking, air freight and overseas transport, guaranteed.
- FIG. 11 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a
- the packaging comprises a stack carrier, a first intermediate layer arranged on the stack carrier, a first printing material stack arranged on the first intermediate layer, a second intermediate layer arranged on the first printing material stack, one on the second
- a jacket the carrier arranged on the stack elements, namely the first to fourth intermediate layers and the first to fourth printing material stack, completely in the form of a carrier extending from the stack to the top element hood on four side surfaces and a Tightly encloses the top.
- the printing material stacks each contain 500 register-accurate substrates, in the example
- Eight further exemplary embodiments of a packaging according to the invention which are based on the example according to FIG. 11 and are not shown in the figures, include individual print material stacks each having 1000 printing materials (eg security paper sheets for producing banknotes) and intermediate layers in a respective number, depending on Embodiment assumes a value in a range of five to twelve.
- printing materials eg security paper sheets for producing banknotes
- intermediate layers in a respective number, depending on Embodiment assumes a value in a range of five to twelve.
- FIG. 12 illustrates the formation of the sheath 22 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 according to one embodiment.
- two each based on solid board or on single-wall corrugated cardboard blanks 28 and 29, each on one side of a
- the blanks 28 and 29 are each U-shaped as viewed from above and may be e.g. be joined to a folding box 22 by means of a tape provided with a tear thread.
- the packaging tape is in particular a heat-adhesive packaging tape.
- FIG. 13 shows two possible nets 30 and 31 which respectively correspond to the cardboard blanks 28 and 29 shown in FIG.
- the formation of the sheath 22 shown in Figures 9 and 10 may alternatively be carried out such that the assembly of the sheath 22 is performed with only two identical carton blanks (e.g., twice the carton blank 28 shown in Figure 12). Suitable dimensions of the cardboard blank 28 (and possibly the cardboard blank 28th
- FIG. 14 illustrates the sheathing of intermediate layers and substrates arranged register-accurately on a stack carrier with the cardboard blanks according to FIG. 12 according to one exemplary embodiment.
- the smaller carton blank 29 shown in FIG. 12 is tightly and U-shaped against the stack to be enclosed.
- the application of the larger carton blank 28 shown in Figure 12 is tight and U-shaped to the stack to be wrapped, with the larger carton blank 28 partially overlapping the smaller carton blank 29.
- FIGS. 15 to 20 describe an exemplary embodiment of the invention
- the packaging 32 is e.g. around the illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 packaging, the printer by truck,
- Aircraft or ship is supplied by the paper manufacturer.
- the package is transported so that the stack carrier and all elements thereon above a (wood) pallet (not shown in the figure) are arranged, wherein the (wood) pallet
- the packaging is additionally protected against possible damage.
- the packaging can be fixed to the (wood) pallet by means of tension bands.
- the (wood) pallet is provided with elongated apertures suitable for the introduction of forks of an industrial truck, eg a forklift or a lifting device of a printing press.
- the side folding carton part preferably on the carton blank shown in FIG 29 can be folded away from the packaging after cutting open or tearing along the dashed lines 33 (see block arrow) so that the unilaterally opened package 34 is obtained.
- the side folding carton part which preferably goes back to the carton blank 29 shown in FIG. 12, can be detached from the remaining part of the jacket after the tearing along the dashed line 35 (see FIG the block arrow 36), so that the package 37, in which the packaged product is accessible from one side, is obtained.
- the packaging 37 in which the printing substrates are accessible from one side, is provided, for example, by means of a forklift 39 for use at the contact edge of the (offset) printing press 40.
- the stack carrier 37 is preferably elongated with itself Openings 38 provided for the insertion of forks
- Truck e.g. a forklift 39 or a lifting device of a printing press, are suitable in the stack carrier.
- the package 37 is transported in such a way that the stack carrier and all elements located thereon are arranged above a (wooden) pallet (not shown in FIG. 16), wherein the (wood) Pallet in terms of their length and width each have larger dimensions than the stack carrier. In this way, the packaging is also before eventual
- the (wood) pallet is provided with longitudinally extending openings suitable for the insertion of forks of a truck, e.g. a forklift or one
- Lifting device of a printing press are suitable in the stack carrier.
- Stack carrier with arranged thereon, freely accessible printing material stacks and intermediate layers results.
- the folding carton part to be removed preferably goes back to the carton blank 28 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 illustrates the operation of the (offset) printing press 40.
- each sheet is first separated pneumatically on the system stack, then gripped at the front edge, guided onto the feed table and transferred from there to the first printing unit.
- the intermediate layer 25 by means of the supernatant 26 manually or automatically pulled out from the present above and below the intermediate layer 25 substrate stacks and removed, especially if only a small number of substrates, eg 250 to 500 substrates, above the Intermediate layer 25 are present (see Figure 19).
- an intermediate layer here serves the intermediate layer shown in Figure 5 with PE films as
- Substrate stack is maintained and the continuous printing process without restlessness of sheet travel can be continued (see Figure 20).
- FIG. 21 shows an example of a stack carrier 46 according to the present invention which is based on a honeycomb panel.
- a stack carrier is e.g. for the construction of the package shown in Figure 10 or Figure 11 (with the stack carrier 21 shown therein) usable.
- the stack support 46 is based, as will be explained in FIG. 21 a), on a sandwich panel with supporting cover skins (43, 44) and a support core 45 in honeycomb form.
- the sandwich panel shown in Figure 21 (a) is subsequently optionally provided with longitudinally extending apertures or grooves 47, e.g. for inserting the forks of a truck, e.g. a forklift or a lifting device of a printing press, are suitable.
- the stack carrier 46 is shown so that the grooves 47 are clearly visible.
- the variant according to FIG. 21 b) shows the stack carrier 46 as it is e.g. for the construction of the package shown in Figure 10 (with the stack carrier 21 shown therein) would be used, so that the forks of
- FIG. 21 c) shows the stack carrier 46 as it is used, for example, for the construction of the packaging shown in FIG. 10 (with the packaging shown in FIG Stack carrier 21) would be used, so that the forks of a forklift truck could transport the stack carrier and all arranged on intermediate layers and printing material stack.
- FIG. 22 shows another example of a stack carrier according to the present invention based on a solid cardboard tray 48.
- the full-board Gefach 48 is based on a usual Gefach made of solid cardboard, in which optionally additionally U-shaped full cardboard inserts 49 are embedded.
- the full cardboard inserts 49 are for example for the insertion of the forks of a truck, such as a forklift or a lifting device one
- the stack carrier 48 is shown so that the grooves or openings 49 are clearly visible.
- the variant according to FIG. 22 shows the stack carrier 48 as it is e.g. for the construction of the package shown in Figure 10 (with the stack carrier 21 shown therein) would be used, so that the forks of the lifting device of a
- FIG. 23 shows a further example of an intermediate layer 50 according to the invention.
- the intermediate layer 50 has two further projections, namely one arranged to the left of the first projection 52 second projection 53 and a third projection 54 arranged on the right of the first projection 52, with all three projections 52, 53 and 54 being arranged downward and / or to be folded upwards to a printing material stack.
- the intermediate layer 50 forms a kind of cassette or drawer, within which the substrates are protected and with respect to the
- FIG. 24 shows a printing material stack with individual printing substrates 55, which is arranged on top of one another by three stacked in FIG.
- Liners 50 is stabilized.
- suitable first supernatant 52 is not shown for better illustration of the drawing.
- the three intermediate layers 50 form so to speak
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Sheets, Magazines, And Separation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP21020047.3A EP3851400A1 (de) | 2017-12-14 | 2018-12-07 | Verwendung einer zwischenlage für das einfügen zwischen bedruckstoff-stapeln |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017011590.7A DE102017011590A1 (de) | 2017-12-14 | 2017-12-14 | Verfahren zum Bedrucken von Bedruckstoffen, Zwischenlage und Verwendung |
PCT/EP2018/000548 WO2019115004A2 (de) | 2017-12-14 | 2018-12-07 | Verfahren zum bedrucken von bedruckstoffen, zwischenlage und verwendung |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21020047.3A Division EP3851400A1 (de) | 2017-12-14 | 2018-12-07 | Verwendung einer zwischenlage für das einfügen zwischen bedruckstoff-stapeln |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3724113A2 true EP3724113A2 (de) | 2020-10-21 |
Family
ID=64744710
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18822002.4A Withdrawn EP3724113A2 (de) | 2017-12-14 | 2018-12-07 | Verfahren zum bedrucken von bedruckstoffen, zwischenlage und verwendung |
EP21020047.3A Withdrawn EP3851400A1 (de) | 2017-12-14 | 2018-12-07 | Verwendung einer zwischenlage für das einfügen zwischen bedruckstoff-stapeln |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21020047.3A Withdrawn EP3851400A1 (de) | 2017-12-14 | 2018-12-07 | Verwendung einer zwischenlage für das einfügen zwischen bedruckstoff-stapeln |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP3724113A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017011590A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019115004A2 (de) |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5464502U (de) * | 1977-08-08 | 1979-05-08 | ||
DE3641734A1 (de) * | 1986-12-06 | 1988-06-16 | Frey Jun Albert | Verfahren zur herstellung einer fuer die automatisierung geeigneten kartonverpackung |
DE4001053A1 (de) * | 1990-01-16 | 1991-07-18 | Focke & Co | Vorrichtung zum abheben von (zwischen-)lagen gestapelter gegenstaende |
JP2533983Y2 (ja) * | 1991-05-09 | 1997-04-30 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 紙面高さ修正治具 |
FR2681843A1 (fr) * | 1991-09-26 | 1993-04-02 | Rufo Carton Ondule Services Sa | Dispositif pour l'extraction des macules de liaison disposees entre des piles de carton. |
ATE423677T1 (de) * | 2000-10-20 | 2009-03-15 | Kba Giori Sa | Bogendruckmaschine und von der maschine umgesetztes verfahren |
DE10146919C1 (de) * | 2001-09-24 | 2003-05-15 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Vorrichtung zur Ausrichtung von in einer Lage übereinander angeordneten Bogen |
US8652613B2 (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2014-02-18 | Master-Pack Sdn. Bhn. | Quadruple-wall corrugated paperboard and method of manufacture |
DE102016223225A1 (de) * | 2015-11-23 | 2017-05-24 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von Substraten |
DE102017208740A1 (de) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Bogendruckmaschine |
-
2017
- 2017-12-14 DE DE102017011590.7A patent/DE102017011590A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-12-07 EP EP18822002.4A patent/EP3724113A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-12-07 WO PCT/EP2018/000548 patent/WO2019115004A2/de unknown
- 2018-12-07 EP EP21020047.3A patent/EP3851400A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3851400A1 (de) | 2021-07-21 |
DE102017011590A1 (de) | 2019-06-19 |
WO2019115004A2 (de) | 2019-06-20 |
WO2019115004A3 (de) | 2019-09-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE2947262C2 (de) | Faltbehälter aus Wellpappe | |
DE68907210T2 (de) | Wellpappeschachtel und verpackungsverfahren. | |
DE69935645T2 (de) | Palette aus Karton und Verfahren zum Verpacken einer Ladung | |
EP1437202B1 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Nutzentrennung in einer Maschine zur Herstellung von aus einer Materialbahn ausgeschnittenen Flachmaterialstücken | |
DE60301257T2 (de) | Behälter zum transportieren und lagern von papierblättern, zuschnitt und verfahren zu dessen herstellung | |
DE102012019992A1 (de) | Vorrichtung für eine Flachbettstanze und Verfahren zum Zuführen einer Bedruckstoffbahn | |
DE102013000299A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Einstellen der Presskraft einer Stanzmaschine | |
EP3724097B1 (de) | Verpackung mit darin enthaltenen bedruckstoffen | |
EP3724113A2 (de) | Verfahren zum bedrucken von bedruckstoffen, zwischenlage und verwendung | |
EP2520525B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stangen aus Druckprodukten | |
EP2537786B1 (de) | Stange und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Stange aus Druckprodukten | |
EP1140630B1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur schutzumhüllung von stapeln von druckereierzeugnissen | |
EP2391553B1 (de) | Verfahren zum erstellen einer paletteneinheit sowie paletteneinheit | |
DE102020123361A1 (de) | Verpackungsvorrichtung zur Herstellung von Verpackungseinheiten, Verpackungseinheit und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verpackungseinheiten | |
EP2279957B1 (de) | Faltschachtel für Tiefkühlkost und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen der Faltschachtel | |
US20040040879A1 (en) | Packaging for a stack of paper, a method of packaging a stack of paper, and a method of loading a stack of paper into a machine | |
DE19837117B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Druckerzeugnissen, insbes. von Zeitungen | |
DE8137577U1 (de) | Stapelpalette mit endlos-papierstapel | |
DE1511593C (de) | Verfahren zum Teilen einer Anzahl mindestens teilweise aufeinanderliegender Flächengebilde, insbesondere eines Stapels, an einer vorbestimmten Stelle | |
DE1511593A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Teilen einer Anzahl mindestens teilweise aufeinanderliegender Flaechengebilde an einer vorbestimmten Stelle | |
WO2023179899A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines multifunktionselements, sowie multifunktionselement | |
DE102007023340B3 (de) | Transportable Anordnung aus einer Vielzahl flächig aneinander liegender Kuvertierumschläge und einer Verpackung | |
WO2003086926A1 (de) | Verfahren und einrichtung zur zuführung von je einer mehrzahl von flachen teilprodukten in eine serielle weiterverarbeitung | |
EP0575689B1 (de) | Verpackungskarton für einen Papierstapel | |
DE102021107983A1 (de) | Bogenbearbeitungsmaschine mit Vorrichtung zum Aufbringen von Bindemittel sowie Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines Bindemittels |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20200714 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: OLSCHEWSKI, GUENTER Inventor name: DITTRICH, MIKE Inventor name: HOFFMANN, STEFFEN Inventor name: HAENDLER, UWE |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
RAP3 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: GIESECKE+DEVRIENT CURRENCY TECHNOLOGY GMBH |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: B65H 1/26 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: B65H 1/04 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: B32B 29/00 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: B32B 27/32 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: B32B 27/10 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: D21H 27/30 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: D21H 27/40 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: B65H 3/00 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: B65D 57/00 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: B65B 25/14 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: B32B 29/08 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: B31F 1/28 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: B65D 65/40 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: B65D 71/00 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: B41M 7/00 20060101ALI20230327BHEP Ipc: B65H 33/04 20060101AFI20230327BHEP |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20230424 |
|
P01 | Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered |
Effective date: 20230519 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20230905 |