EP3720929B1 - Gasification apparatus - Google Patents
Gasification apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3720929B1 EP3720929B1 EP18799866.1A EP18799866A EP3720929B1 EP 3720929 B1 EP3720929 B1 EP 3720929B1 EP 18799866 A EP18799866 A EP 18799866A EP 3720929 B1 EP3720929 B1 EP 3720929B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- primary chamber
- mixture
- burner
- casing body
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011384 asphalt concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 gravel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/28—Other processes
- C10B47/30—Other processes in rotary ovens or retorts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B1/00—Retorts
- C10B1/10—Rotary retorts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/005—Rotary drum or kiln gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a gasification apparatus, in particular for the recovery of one or more inert materials from a milled asphalt.
- the milled asphalt i.e. the product recovered from the coating of the road surface
- the "producer” is considered to be the one who materially performs the activity of milling the road surface.
- Road maintenance therefore currently entails the cost of removing the surface, and a subsequent charge for the disposal of special waste recovered by milling.
- Such waste consists of an inert portion and an organic portion, a mechanical separation of which is impossible due to the close mixing between such portions.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to create an apparatus which, in compliance with the relevant regulations, allows the milled asphalt to be treated by recovering the inert fraction contained, and which, by using the chemical-physical characteristics of the organic or polymeric matrix portion, is able to recover the energy contained therein, while limiting the formation of polluting compounds.
- the milled asphalt treated with the apparatus described herein allows the inert material contained in the milled asphalt (in practice at a level qualitatively similar to a virgin inert material) to be regenerated, and also savings on the costs of gasification to be obtained by virtue of reusing the synthesis gas in combustion to feed the flame of the burner.
- a gasification apparatus for the separation of an inert material from mixtures comprising such material and one or more polymeric/organic materials is indicated at reference number 1.
- such mixture comprises or consists of a milled asphalt recovered by mechanical removal of the layers of a road coating.
- the apparatus described herein is particularly suitable for gasifying an asphalt concrete comprising inert materials - e.g. rock (such as gravel, sand, crushed stone or similar) - and polymeric/organic materials, e.g. in the form of bitumen and optional synthetic resins.
- inert materials e.g. rock (such as gravel, sand, crushed stone or similar)
- polymeric/organic materials e.g. in the form of bitumen and optional synthetic resins.
- such apparatus has been designed to gasify such polymeric/organic materials by vaporizing them in the absence of oxygen, so as not to cause unwanted combustion, to obtain an inert material at least partially free from carbon residues, for example, the aforesaid inert material in a substantially pure form.
- this inert material may be reused for the production of new asphalt concrete.
- Such apparatus comprises a casing body 2, a treatment body 4, a burner 10, a flame propagation body 12 and adduction means of a synthesis gas.
- synthesis gas in this description, means a gasification product comprising fuel gas and volatile hydrocarbons (predominantly composed of carbon and hydrogen), and possibly carbon dust carried by the gaseous stream.
- the casing body 2 extends in a tubular manner along a longitudinal axis L between a proximal portion 2' and a distal portion 2";
- proximal As far as the expression "proximal” is concerned, such term will indicate the directions or components arranged or oriented towards the burner 10; conversely, the term “distal” will indicate the opposing components or directions, oriented towards the second fixed head 40 discussed below.
- the treatment body 4 is contained at least in part (e.g. completely) in the casing body 2 and delimits a primary chamber 6 to gasify or transform - in the absence of oxygen - the polymeric/organic material into synthesis gas.
- the treatment body 4 is substantially tubular in shape.
- the casing body 2 is supported, for example, by a base or a support structure 46, with an inclination angle ⁇ of the longitudinal axis L relative to a substantially horizontal reference plane P, in the range 2-15°.
- the inclination angle ⁇ is within the range 3-8°.
- the treatment body 4 is rotatable (e.g. with respect to the burner 10) about an axis of rotation R1 and comprises first auger means 8 protruding into the primary chamber 6 to move a first mixture and the inert material in the distal direction S1.
- the first auger means are connected internally to the treatment body 4 and extend away in the direction of the longitudinal axis L.
- the treatment body 4 is rotatable around an axis of rotation R1 substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L, for example around an axis of rotation R1 coincident with such axis L.
- the burner 10 is instead arranged proximally to the casing body 2, in thermal contact with the primary chamber 6.
- the gas burner 10 is fed by a combination of a fuel (e.g. natural gas, LPG, methane, gasoline, diesel or liquid petroleum derivatives) and a combustion agent (e.g. atmospheric air or oxygen) to allow such combination to react.
- a fuel e.g. natural gas, LPG, methane, gasoline, diesel or liquid petroleum derivatives
- a combustion agent e.g. atmospheric air or oxygen
- a pump or blower 48 sends atmospheric air to the burner.
- the burner 10 may therefore be fueled either with at least one liquid fuel, or with at least one gaseous fuel, or with combinations thereof in a hybrid manner.
- the burner 10 is fed with the fuel through a second fuel supply line 72.
- the flame propagation body 12 extends distally (according to the definition provided above) from the burner 10, to the inside of the treatment body 4 to isolate the flame from the primary chamber 6.
- the flame propagation body 12 is mounted coaxially inside the treatment body 4.
- the primary chamber 6 is an annular gap 18 delimited between the flame propagation body 12 and the treatment body 4.
- the primary chamber 6 is maintained at a lower pressure than the pressure of a secondary chamber 28, which is delimited by the casing body 2.
- the pressure difference between the primary chamber 6 and the secondary chamber 28 may be equal to or greater than 0.01 bar, e.g. equal to or greater than 0.1 bar.
- the lower pressure in the primary chamber 6 with respect to the secondary chamber 28 may be detected by first pressure detection means 64 of the gasification apparatus 1.
- the first pressure detection means 64 comprise or consist of at least one deprimometer.
- the secondary chamber 28 is maintained at a lower pressure than the pressure outside such chamber 28, for example with respect to an ambient pressure.
- the lower pressure in the secondary chamber 28 with respect to the external or ambient pressure may be detected by second pressure detection means 66 of the gasification apparatus 1.
- the second pressure detection means 66 comprise or consist of at least one deprimometer.
- the annular gap 18 is closed distally by a closing member 20, connected between the flame propagation body 12 and the treatment body 4 to prevent at least partially the entry of oxygen into the primary chamber 6, and to allow the escape S3 of the inert material from the primary chamber 6.
- the flame propagation body 12 is integral in rotation to the treatment body 4.
- the closing member 20 comprises at least one wall or plate 22 that may be moved by the first auger means 8, for example in a way integral thereto, to allow the inert materials to be moved out of the primary chamber 6.
- the closing body 20 has a generically glass shape.
- the closing body 20 comprises a radial section 56 connected internally to the flame propagation body 12, and an axial section 58 that extends proximally from the radial section 56, so as to create a loop for the transit of the exiting inert material.
- the discharge opening 60 from the primary chamber 6 is then delimited between an outer surface of the flame propagation body 12 and an inner surface of the axial section 58.
- the adduction means are fluidically connected (in particular: to the primary chamber 6 and to the burner 10) to draw S2 the synthesis gas from the primary chamber 6 and to feed the flame of the burner 10 with such gas.
- the adduction means are fluidically connected to the primary chamber 6 and to the burner 10 to move the synthesis gas out of such chamber 6 and are further connected to a fuel supply line 16 which is connected to the burner 10.
- the fuel supply line 16 is connected to the burner 10 upstream of the area wherein the latter generates its own flame.
- the gasification apparatus 1 comprises second thermometric detection means 68 for the detection of the temperature of the synthesis gas.
- thermometric detection means 68 are arranged at the fuel supply duct 16.
- the measurement signals of the second thermometric detection means 68 may be used to control a variation in the flow rate (greater or lesser) of the mixtures comprising the inert material and one or more polymeric/organic materials within the gasification apparatus 1.
- the gasification apparatus 1 comprises shut-off means 74, arranged upstream of the burner 10, configured to regulate a flow rate of the fuel (e.g. gaseous and/or liquid, as discussed above) to the burner 10.
- the shut-off means 74 could be located at the burner 10 and/or along the second fuel supply line 72 connected to the burner 10.
- the gasification apparatus 1 comprises first thermometric detection means 76 functionally connected to the shut-off means 74, for example through the management and control means 70 of the apparatus 1 (only sketched in figure 3 ).
- the first means of thermometric detection 76 may be arranged at the burner 10, at the primary chamber 6, in at least one point of travel of the inert material into the apparatus 1, and/or in at least one discharge area 78 of the inert material from the apparatus 1.
- the shut-off means 74 are controllable in such a way as to reduce or increase the flow rate of the fuel.
- any temperature fluctuations may be caused mainly by the flow rate of synthesis gas fed to the burner 10.
- the apparatus according to such embodiments is designed so that the use of liquid and/or gaseous fuel may be reduced or increased in a manner corresponding to the flow rate of synthesis gas available to burner 10.
- the adduction means comprise at least one suction device 14 connected on its inlet side I to the primary chamber 6 and connected on its delivery side M to a fuel supply line 16 of the burner 10.
- the suction device 14 may be functionally connected to the pressure detector means 64, for example through the management and control means 70 of the apparatus 1.
- the suction device 14 may be controlled by signals from the pressure detector means 64 in order to bring the pressure in the primary chamber 6 to a predefined value.
- the casing body 2 delimits a first access opening 24 to introduce the first mixture into the primary chamber 6, for example positioned at the burner 10.
- the casing body 2 delimits a second access opening 26 to introduce a second mixture into a secondary chamber 28 for drying inert materials, circumscribed by the casing body 2 and separated from the primary chamber 6.
- the first mixture has a finer particle size than the second mixture.
- the first mixture has a higher percentage by weight of polymeric/organic materials than the percentage of inert material (always with reference to the second mixture).
- the casing body 2 is integral in rotation to the treatment body 4.
- the casing body is connected in a rotatable manner by a first fixed head 52 (in proximal position) and a second fixed head 40 (in distal position), spaced along the longitudinal axis L.
- first fixed head 52 in proximal position
- second fixed head 40 in distal position
- fluid-tight means may be provided between the heads and the casing body.
- the casing body 2 comprises second auger means 30 radially protruding inwards to move the second mixture along the casing body 2.
- the first auger means 8 and the second auger means 30 are mutually opposed to each other so that, by means of the aforementioned rotation R1 in a predetermined direction (for example, clockwise or counterclockwise), the first auger means 8 are oriented so as to move the first mixture in the distal direction S1 (for example, see figure 5 ) and the second auger means 30 are oriented so as to move the second mixture in the proximal direction S4.
- a predetermined direction for example, clockwise or counterclockwise
- the first auger means 8 are oriented so as to move the first mixture in the distal direction S1 (for example, see figure 5 ) and the second auger means 30 are oriented so as to move the second mixture in the proximal direction S4.
- the first auger means 8 and/or the second auger means 30 comprise one or more radial ribs 32, 34 arranged in a spiral or herringbone pattern, which extend from the treatment body 4 and/or the casing body 2 radially towards the longitudinal axis L.
- the treatment body 4 comprises a single radial rib 32 that extends in a spiral along the entire length of such body, for example in a continuous manner.
- the casing body 2 comprises a plurality of separate radial ribs 34, distributed along a spiral-shaped trajectory for one or more lengths of such body, e.g. oriented in a herringbone pattern relative to an inner surface of the casing body 2.
- the expression “herringbone pattern” means ribs that extend radially towards the inside of the casing body 2, with an incident orientation (e.g. non-orthogonal) relative to the inner surface of such body.
- the secondary chamber 28 for drying inert materials partially overlaps the primary chamber 6 in a radial direction to receive from the latter at least the inert materials of the first mixture and to dry them.
- the secondary chamber 28 for drying inert materials is an annular gap 36 between the casing body 2 and the treatment body 4.
- the flame propagation body 12 delimits (e.g. distally) a body inlet 38 communicating with the secondary chamber 28 for drying inert materials to allow the combustion fumes to flow (according to the direction S5 of figure 5 ) into such chamber 28.
- the second access opening 26 is offset axially at a distance from the body inlet 38 so that the second mixture is preheated by the combustion fumes.
- the apparatus 1 comprises the second fixed head 40 connected distally to the casing body 2, which delimits a third access opening 42 to the secondary chamber 28 to introduce virgin inert material into the secondary chamber 28.
- the third access opening 42 is arranged distally with respect to the second access opening 26.
- the casing body 2 comprises advantageously radial lift pockets 44 configured in such a way (for example, with a depth and/or with an orientation) so that, during the rotation of the casing body 2, the virgin inert material is transported from such pockets 44 to a height equal to or higher than the longitudinal axis L, and emerges from such pockets 44 to penetrate the combustion fumes so as to cool the fumes and dry the virgin inert material through a gas-solid heat exchange.
- the arrow marked with the reference S6 indicates the proximal movement of the virgin inert material which, in addition to the circumferential component, also has an axial motion component in the proximal direction.
- the second fixed head 40 delimits a fourth fume outlet opening 62, fluidically communicating with the second chamber 28 to allow the evacuation of combustion gases (specifically: from the burner 10) outside the apparatus 1, for example to a purification filter (not shown).
- a discharge opening 54 of inert materials coming from the gasification in the primary chamber, and optionally to the inert materials (gasified or virgin) coming from the secondary chamber.
- the apparatus object of the present invention allows the drawbacks related to the prior art to be fully resolved.
- the proposed apparatus allows the recovery of energetically valuable raw materials, currently used in the production of concretes, which cause significant concerns due to odors and pollution.
- the apparatus object of the present invention makes it possible to obtain a gaseous product for gasification which is a combustible gas.
- the solid inert residue of the gasification has features not dissimilar from a virgin inert material, thus achieving a further productive advantage for downstream uses of the apparatus.
- the apparatus object of the present invention allows the gas coming from the gasification to the burner to be reused, so as to dry the incoming inert materials.
- this apparatus constitutes a stand-alone unit that may be implemented in any existing machine for the production of asphalt concrete, without the need for operations to modify existing machines.
- the advantages of the present apparatus are therefore not only of the thermal/energy type; the recovery of inert materials in a substantially pure form also allows the amount of inert materials required for the manufacture of new conglomerate to be reduced (with the same amount of new conglomerate manufactured).
- the kinetics of the thermochemical process does not cause the formation of polluting compounds, causing the splitting of the molecular bonds of the polymeric/organic material and the formation of gaseous elementary compounds, leaving however unchanged the properties of the inert material, which does not undergo any substantial transformation.
- the synthesis gas produced in this way may be mixed with an "external" combustion gas or used exclusively to feed the burner.
- the present apparatus does not need to measure the flow rate of the synthesis gas drawn from the primary chamber but rather, indirectly, detects one or more temperature values that are an index of such flow rate equal to the flow rate of the fuel (i.e. "external") fed to the burner.
- each variant described as belonging to a possible embodiment may be implemented independently of the other variants described.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
- The present invention concerns a gasification apparatus, in particular for the recovery of one or more inert materials from a milled asphalt.
- The milled asphalt, i.e. the product recovered from the coating of the road surface, is now largely qualified as special waste, of which the "producer" is considered to be the one who materially performs the activity of milling the road surface.
- Road maintenance therefore currently entails the cost of removing the surface, and a subsequent charge for the disposal of special waste recovered by milling.
- Such waste consists of an inert portion and an organic portion, a mechanical separation of which is impossible due to the close mixing between such portions.
- On the other hand, the high presence of organic matrix materials and petroleum derivatives results in a high calorific value of the same materials, and therefore a high content of energy that would be desirable to exploit.
- The treatment of such materials by combustion results in the formation of dangerous pollutants the emission into the atmosphere of which is absolutely prohibited, with the consequent need to install expensive and delicate abatement plants.
- The method of matter and energy recovery requires a thermal treatment that, by separating the inert portion from the organic portion, allows the recovery of the latter. In order to comply with environmental regulations, however, it is necessary to limit the reaction temperature and prevent, or limit to very low values, the formation of polluting chemical compounds. Some examples of apparatuses of the prior art are disclosed in documents
EP2549016A1 ,EP2202473A1 ,US7993048B1 . - The object of the present invention is therefore to create an apparatus which, in compliance with the relevant regulations, allows the milled asphalt to be treated by recovering the inert fraction contained, and which, by using the chemical-physical characteristics of the organic or polymeric matrix portion, is able to recover the energy contained therein, while limiting the formation of polluting compounds.
- In this way, in contrast to what happens according to the prior art, the milled asphalt treated with the apparatus described herein allows the inert material contained in the milled asphalt (in practice at a level qualitatively similar to a virgin inert material) to be regenerated, and also savings on the costs of gasification to be obtained by virtue of reusing the synthesis gas in combustion to feed the flame of the burner.
- Such object is achieved by an apparatus according to
claim 1. The claims dependent on this claim show preferred embodiments. - The object of the present invention will now be described in detail, with the aid of the accompanying figures, wherein:
-
figures 1, 2 ,3 show, respectively, a partially sectional lateral view, a view from above and a proximal front view of an apparatus object of the present invention, according to a possible embodiment; -
figure 4 represents an enlargement of the sectioned area offigure 1 ; -
figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the directions of displacement of the materials and the gaseous flows within the apparatus according tofigure 1 ; -
figure 6 shows a sectional magnification of a distal area of the present apparatus, similar to that shown infigure 4 ; -
figure 7 shows a perspective view - with a proximal angle - of the closing member, wherein the plates or walls are clearly visible, and wherein the treatment body has been omitted for greater clarity. - In the above figures, a gasification apparatus for the separation of an inert material from mixtures comprising such material and one or more polymeric/organic materials is indicated at
reference number 1. - According to an embodiment, such mixture (first and/or second, as defined below) comprises or consists of a milled asphalt recovered by mechanical removal of the layers of a road coating.
- In other words, the apparatus described herein is particularly suitable for gasifying an asphalt concrete comprising inert materials - e.g. rock (such as gravel, sand, crushed stone or similar) - and polymeric/organic materials, e.g. in the form of bitumen and optional synthetic resins.
- More precisely, such apparatus has been designed to gasify such polymeric/organic materials by vaporizing them in the absence of oxygen, so as not to cause unwanted combustion, to obtain an inert material at least partially free from carbon residues, for example, the aforesaid inert material in a substantially pure form.
- According to an advantageous aspect of the invention, this inert material may be reused for the production of new asphalt concrete.
- Such apparatus comprises a
casing body 2, atreatment body 4, aburner 10, aflame propagation body 12 and adduction means of a synthesis gas. - The term "synthesis gas", in this description, means a gasification product comprising fuel gas and volatile hydrocarbons (predominantly composed of carbon and hydrogen), and possibly carbon dust carried by the gaseous stream.
- The
casing body 2 extends in a tubular manner along a longitudinal axis L between a proximal portion 2' and adistal portion 2";
As far as the expression "proximal" is concerned, such term will indicate the directions or components arranged or oriented towards theburner 10; conversely, the term "distal" will indicate the opposing components or directions, oriented towards the secondfixed head 40 discussed below. - Moreover, the terms "axial", "radial", "coaxial" will always refer to the longitudinal axis L, unless otherwise specified.
- The
treatment body 4 is contained at least in part (e.g. completely) in thecasing body 2 and delimits aprimary chamber 6 to gasify or transform - in the absence of oxygen - the polymeric/organic material into synthesis gas. - According to an embodiment, the
treatment body 4 is substantially tubular in shape. - According to an embodiment, the
casing body 2 is supported, for example, by a base or asupport structure 46, with an inclination angle α of the longitudinal axis L relative to a substantially horizontal reference plane P, in the range 2-15°. - According to an embodiment, the inclination angle α is within the range 3-8°.
- The
treatment body 4 is rotatable (e.g. with respect to the burner 10) about an axis of rotation R1 and comprises first auger means 8 protruding into theprimary chamber 6 to move a first mixture and the inert material in the distal direction S1. - According to an embodiment, the first auger means are connected internally to the
treatment body 4 and extend away in the direction of the longitudinal axis L. - According to an embodiment, the
treatment body 4 is rotatable around an axis of rotation R1 substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L, for example around an axis of rotation R1 coincident with such axis L. - The
burner 10, is instead arranged proximally to thecasing body 2, in thermal contact with theprimary chamber 6. - It follows that the flame of such burner remains outside of the
primary chamber 6, but such chamber receives the heat generated through conduction and/or radiation. - More precisely, the
gas burner 10 is fed by a combination of a fuel (e.g. natural gas, LPG, methane, gasoline, diesel or liquid petroleum derivatives) and a combustion agent (e.g. atmospheric air or oxygen) to allow such combination to react. In the variants shown in the figures, a pump orblower 48 sends atmospheric air to the burner. - According to an embodiment, the
burner 10 may therefore be fueled either with at least one liquid fuel, or with at least one gaseous fuel, or with combinations thereof in a hybrid manner. - According to an embodiment, the
burner 10 is fed with the fuel through a secondfuel supply line 72. - The
flame propagation body 12 extends distally (according to the definition provided above) from theburner 10, to the inside of thetreatment body 4 to isolate the flame from theprimary chamber 6. - According to an embodiment, the
flame propagation body 12 is mounted coaxially inside thetreatment body 4. - According to an embodiment, the
primary chamber 6 is anannular gap 18 delimited between theflame propagation body 12 and thetreatment body 4. - According to an embodiment, the
primary chamber 6 is maintained at a lower pressure than the pressure of asecondary chamber 28, which is delimited by thecasing body 2. Solely by way of example, the pressure difference between theprimary chamber 6 and thesecondary chamber 28 may be equal to or greater than 0.01 bar, e.g. equal to or greater than 0.1 bar. - According to an embodiment, the lower pressure in the
primary chamber 6 with respect to thesecondary chamber 28 may be detected by first pressure detection means 64 of thegasification apparatus 1. For example, the first pressure detection means 64 comprise or consist of at least one deprimometer. - According to an embodiment, the
secondary chamber 28 is maintained at a lower pressure than the pressure outsidesuch chamber 28, for example with respect to an ambient pressure. - According to an embodiment, the lower pressure in the
secondary chamber 28 with respect to the external or ambient pressure may be detected by second pressure detection means 66 of thegasification apparatus 1. For example, the second pressure detection means 66 comprise or consist of at least one deprimometer. - According to an embodiment, the
annular gap 18 is closed distally by aclosing member 20, connected between theflame propagation body 12 and thetreatment body 4 to prevent at least partially the entry of oxygen into theprimary chamber 6, and to allow the escape S3 of the inert material from theprimary chamber 6. - Therefore, according to such embodiment, the
flame propagation body 12 is integral in rotation to thetreatment body 4. - According to an embodiment, the
closing member 20 comprises at least one wall orplate 22 that may be moved by the first auger means 8, for example in a way integral thereto, to allow the inert materials to be moved out of theprimary chamber 6. - According to an embodiment, the
closing body 20 has a generically glass shape. - According to an embodiment, the
closing body 20 comprises aradial section 56 connected internally to theflame propagation body 12, and anaxial section 58 that extends proximally from theradial section 56, so as to create a loop for the transit of the exiting inert material. - According to an embodiment, the discharge opening 60 from the
primary chamber 6 is then delimited between an outer surface of theflame propagation body 12 and an inner surface of theaxial section 58. - The adduction means are fluidically connected (in particular: to the
primary chamber 6 and to the burner 10) to draw S2 the synthesis gas from theprimary chamber 6 and to feed the flame of theburner 10 with such gas. - More precisely, the adduction means are fluidically connected to the
primary chamber 6 and to theburner 10 to move the synthesis gas out ofsuch chamber 6 and are further connected to afuel supply line 16 which is connected to theburner 10. - According to the invention, the
fuel supply line 16 is connected to theburner 10 upstream of the area wherein the latter generates its own flame. - According to an embodiment, the
gasification apparatus 1 comprises second thermometric detection means 68 for the detection of the temperature of the synthesis gas. - In the embodiment shown in
figure 3 , the second thermometric detection means 68 are arranged at thefuel supply duct 16. - By way of example, the measurement signals of the second thermometric detection means 68 may be used to control a variation in the flow rate (greater or lesser) of the mixtures comprising the inert material and one or more polymeric/organic materials within the
gasification apparatus 1. - According to an embodiment, the
gasification apparatus 1 comprises shut-off means 74, arranged upstream of theburner 10, configured to regulate a flow rate of the fuel (e.g. gaseous and/or liquid, as discussed above) to theburner 10. For example, the shut-off means 74 could be located at theburner 10 and/or along the secondfuel supply line 72 connected to theburner 10. - According to an embodiment, the
gasification apparatus 1 comprises first thermometric detection means 76 functionally connected to the shut-off means 74, for example through the management and control means 70 of the apparatus 1 (only sketched infigure 3 ). - According to various embodiments, the first means of
thermometric detection 76 may be arranged at theburner 10, at theprimary chamber 6, in at least one point of travel of the inert material into theapparatus 1, and/or in at least onedischarge area 78 of the inert material from theapparatus 1. - According to an embodiment, on the basis of one or more measured temperature signals sent from the first thermometric detection means 76, the shut-off means 74 are controllable in such a way as to reduce or increase the flow rate of the fuel.
- It follows that, with the same flow rate of the fuel through the
fuel supply duct 72, any temperature fluctuations may be caused mainly by the flow rate of synthesis gas fed to theburner 10. - It follows that, when the solid mixtures supplied to the
apparatus 1 are richer in polymeric/organic materials, a greater flow rate of synthesis gas will be generated by gasification and an increase in temperature will occur, detected by the first thermometric detection means 76. The flow rate of the fuel may thus be reduced by means of the shut-off means 74. - Conversely, when the solid mixtures supplied to the
apparatus 1 are poorer in polymeric/organic materials, a smaller flow rate of synthesis gas will be generated by gasification and therefore a reduction in temperature will occur, detected by the first thermometric detection means 76. In this second circumstance, the flow rate of the fuel will therefore have to be increased by the shut-off means 74. - Therefore, the apparatus according to such embodiments is designed so that the use of liquid and/or gaseous fuel may be reduced or increased in a manner corresponding to the flow rate of synthesis gas available to
burner 10. - According to the present invention, the adduction means comprise at least one
suction device 14 connected on its inlet side I to theprimary chamber 6 and connected on its delivery side M to afuel supply line 16 of theburner 10. - According to an embodiment, the
suction device 14 may be functionally connected to the pressure detector means 64, for example through the management and control means 70 of theapparatus 1. In particular, according to such embodiment, thesuction device 14 may be controlled by signals from the pressure detector means 64 in order to bring the pressure in theprimary chamber 6 to a predefined value. - According to an embodiment, the
casing body 2 delimits a first access opening 24 to introduce the first mixture into theprimary chamber 6, for example positioned at theburner 10. - According to an embodiment, the
casing body 2 delimits a second access opening 26 to introduce a second mixture into asecondary chamber 28 for drying inert materials, circumscribed by thecasing body 2 and separated from theprimary chamber 6. - According to an embodiment, the first mixture has a finer particle size than the second mixture.
- According to an embodiment, the first mixture has a higher percentage by weight of polymeric/organic materials than the percentage of inert material (always with reference to the second mixture).
- According to an embodiment, the
casing body 2 is integral in rotation to thetreatment body 4. - In the variants shown, the casing body is connected in a rotatable manner by a first fixed head 52 (in proximal position) and a second fixed head 40 (in distal position), spaced along the longitudinal axis L. In a variant, between the heads and the casing body, fluid-tight means may be provided.
- According to an embodiment, the
casing body 2 comprises second auger means 30 radially protruding inwards to move the second mixture along thecasing body 2. - According to an embodiment, the first auger means 8 and the second auger means 30 are mutually opposed to each other so that, by means of the aforementioned rotation R1 in a predetermined direction (for example, clockwise or counterclockwise), the first auger means 8 are oriented so as to move the first mixture in the distal direction S1 (for example, see
figure 5 ) and the second auger means 30 are oriented so as to move the second mixture in the proximal direction S4. - According to an embodiment, the first auger means 8 and/or the second auger means 30 comprise one or more
radial ribs treatment body 4 and/or thecasing body 2 radially towards the longitudinal axis L. - According to an embodiment, the
treatment body 4 comprises a singleradial rib 32 that extends in a spiral along the entire length of such body, for example in a continuous manner. - According to an embodiment, the
casing body 2 comprises a plurality of separateradial ribs 34, distributed along a spiral-shaped trajectory for one or more lengths of such body, e.g. oriented in a herringbone pattern relative to an inner surface of thecasing body 2. - It should be noted that the expression "herringbone pattern" means ribs that extend radially towards the inside of the
casing body 2, with an incident orientation (e.g. non-orthogonal) relative to the inner surface of such body. According to an embodiment, thesecondary chamber 28 for drying inert materials partially overlaps theprimary chamber 6 in a radial direction to receive from the latter at least the inert materials of the first mixture and to dry them. - According to an embodiment, the
secondary chamber 28 for drying inert materials is anannular gap 36 between thecasing body 2 and thetreatment body 4. - According to an embodiment, the
flame propagation body 12 delimits (e.g. distally) abody inlet 38 communicating with thesecondary chamber 28 for drying inert materials to allow the combustion fumes to flow (according to the direction S5 offigure 5 ) intosuch chamber 28. - According to an embodiment, the second access opening 26 is offset axially at a distance from the
body inlet 38 so that the second mixture is preheated by the combustion fumes. - According to an embodiment, the
apparatus 1 comprises the second fixedhead 40 connected distally to thecasing body 2, which delimits a third access opening 42 to thesecondary chamber 28 to introduce virgin inert material into thesecondary chamber 28. - According to an embodiment, the third access opening 42 is arranged distally with respect to the second access opening 26.
- According to such variant, the
casing body 2 comprises advantageously radial lift pockets 44 configured in such a way (for example, with a depth and/or with an orientation) so that, during the rotation of thecasing body 2, the virgin inert material is transported fromsuch pockets 44 to a height equal to or higher than the longitudinal axis L, and emerges fromsuch pockets 44 to penetrate the combustion fumes so as to cool the fumes and dry the virgin inert material through a gas-solid heat exchange. - In the schematic diagram in
figure 5 , the arrow marked with the reference S6 indicates the proximal movement of the virgin inert material which, in addition to the circumferential component, also has an axial motion component in the proximal direction. - According to an embodiment, the second fixed
head 40 delimits a fourthfume outlet opening 62, fluidically communicating with thesecond chamber 28 to allow the evacuation of combustion gases (specifically: from the burner 10) outside theapparatus 1, for example to a purification filter (not shown). - In the schematic diagrams in
figure 5 or6 , the flue gas flow direction is indicated by the arrow S7. - In the schematic diagram of
figure 5 is also shown adischarge opening 54 of inert materials, coming from the gasification in the primary chamber, and optionally to the inert materials (gasified or virgin) coming from the secondary chamber. - Innovatively, the apparatus object of the present invention allows the drawbacks related to the prior art to be fully resolved.
- More precisely, the proposed apparatus allows the recovery of energetically valuable raw materials, currently used in the production of concretes, which cause significant concerns due to odors and pollution.
- Advantageously, the apparatus object of the present invention makes it possible to obtain a gaseous product for gasification which is a combustible gas.
- In this way, such gas may be used for the production of heat necessary to maintain the combustion of the flame.
- In addition, the solid inert residue of the gasification has features not dissimilar from a virgin inert material, thus achieving a further productive advantage for downstream uses of the apparatus.
- Advantageously, the apparatus object of the present invention allows the gas coming from the gasification to the burner to be reused, so as to dry the incoming inert materials. In this way, this apparatus constitutes a stand-alone unit that may be implemented in any existing machine for the production of asphalt concrete, without the need for operations to modify existing machines.
- The advantages of the present apparatus are therefore not only of the thermal/energy type; the recovery of inert materials in a substantially pure form also allows the amount of inert materials required for the manufacture of new conglomerate to be reduced (with the same amount of new conglomerate manufactured).
- Advantageously, at the characteristic temperature of the gasification reaction, in the absence of oxygen, the kinetics of the thermochemical process does not cause the formation of polluting compounds, causing the splitting of the molecular bonds of the polymeric/organic material and the formation of gaseous elementary compounds, leaving however unchanged the properties of the inert material, which does not undergo any substantial transformation.
- Advantageously, the synthesis gas produced in this way may be mixed with an "external" combustion gas or used exclusively to feed the burner.
- According to a further advantageous aspect of the present invention, the present apparatus does not need to measure the flow rate of the synthesis gas drawn from the primary chamber but rather, indirectly, detects one or more temperature values that are an index of such flow rate equal to the flow rate of the fuel (i.e. "external") fed to the burner.
- To the embodiments of the aforesaid apparatus, one skilled in the art, in order to meet specific needs, may make variations or substitutions of elements with others that are functionally equivalent.
- Such variants are also contained within the scope of protection as defined by the following claims.
- Moreover, each variant described as belonging to a possible embodiment may be implemented independently of the other variants described.
Claims (16)
- Gasification apparatus (1) for the separation of an inert material from mixtures comprising said material and one or more polymeric/organic substances, said apparatus (1) comprising:a) a casing body (2), which extends in a tubular manner along a longitudinal axis (L) between a proximal portion (2') and a distal portion (2");b) a treatment body (4), contained at least in part in the casing body (2) and which delimits a primary chamber (6) for gasifying - in the absence of oxygen - the polymeric/organic material in synthesis gas; the treatment body (4) being rotatable about an axis of rotation (R1) and comprising first auger means (8) projecting into the primary chamber (6) to move a first mixture and the inert material in a distal direction (S1);c) a burner (10), arranged proximally to the casing body (2), in thermal contact with the primary chamber (6);d) a flame propagation body (12), which extends distally from the burner (10), inside the treatment body (4) to isolate the flame from the primary chamber (6);e) adduction means, fluidically connected to draw (S2) the synthesis gas from the primary chamber (6) and to supply the flame of the burner (10) with said gas,characterized in that the adduction means comprise at least one suction device (14) connected on its inlet side (I) to the primary chamber (6) and connected on its delivery side (M) to a fuel supply line (16) of the burner (10),wherein the fuel supply line (16) is connected to the burner (10) upstream of the area wherein the burner (10) generates its own flame.
- Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the flame propagation body (12) is mounted coaxially inside the treatment body (4), and wherein the primary chamber (6) is an annular gap (18) delimited between said bodies (12, 4).
- Apparatus according to the preceding claim, wherein the annular gap (18) is closed distally by a closing member (20), connected between the flame propagation body (12) and the treatment body (4) to prevent at least partially the entry of oxygen into the primary chamber (6), and to allow the escape (S3) of the inert material from the primary chamber (6).
- Apparatus according to the preceding claim, wherein the closing member (20) comprises at least one wall or plate (22) able to be moved by the first auger means (8) to allow the inert materials to be moved out of the primary chamber (6).
- Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the casing body (2) delimits a first access opening (24) to introduce the first mixture into the primary chamber (6), and a second access opening (26) to introduce a second mixture into a secondary chamber (28) for drying inert materials, surrounded by the casing body (2) and separated from the primary chamber (6).
- Apparatus according to the preceding claim, wherein the first mixture has a finer particle size with respect to the second mixture, and a higher percentage by weight of polymeric/organic substances with respect to the percentage of inert material.
- Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the casing body (2) is integral in rotation with the treatment body (4), and wherein the casing body (2) comprises second auger means (30) projecting radially towards the inside for moving the second mixture along said casing body (2).
- Apparatus according to the preceding claim, wherein the first auger means (8) and the second auger means (30) are opposite each other so that, through said rotation (R1) in a predetermined direction, the first auger means (8) are oriented so as to move the first mixture in the distal direction (S1) and the second auger means (30) are oriented so as to move the second mixture in a proximal direction (S4).
- Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, optionally when dependent on claim 7 or 8, wherein the first auger means (8) and/or the second auger means (30) comprise one or more radial ribs (32, 34) arranged in a spiral or as a herringbone, which extends from the treatment body (4) and/or casing body (2) radially towards the longitudinal axis (L).
- Apparatus according to any one of claims 6-9, wherein the secondary chamber (28) partly overlaps the primary chamber (6) in a radial direction to receive from the latter the inert materials of the first mixture and to dry them, said secondary chamber (28) being an annular gap (36) between the casing body (2) and the treatment body (4) .
- Apparatus according to any one of claims 6-10, wherein the flame propagation body (12) delimits a body inlet (38) communicating with the secondary chamber (28) to allow the combustion fumes to flow (S5) into said chamber (28), the second access opening (26) being offset axially distally with respect to the body inlet (38) so that the second mixture is preheated by said fumes.
- Apparatus according to the preceding claim, comprising a second fixed head (40) connected distally to the casing body (2) which delimits a third access opening (42) to the secondary chamber (28), arranged distally with respect to the second access opening (26), to introduce virgin inert material into the secondary chamber (28), where the casing body (2) comprises radial lift pockets (44) configured in such a way that, during the rotation of the casing body (2), the virgin inert material is transported from said pockets (44) to a level equal to or greater than the longitudinal axis (L), and exits said pockets (44) to pass through the combustion fumes so as to cool the fumes and dry the virgin inert material through a gas-solid heat exchange.
- Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the casing body (2) is supported with an inclination angle (α) of the longitudinal axis (L) with respect to a substantially horizontal reference plane (P) comprised in the range of 2-15°, for example, in the range of 3-8°.
- Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, optionally when dependent on claim 4, wherein said first mixture and/or said second mixture comprises or consists of an asphalt milled material recovered by mechanical removal of the layers of a road coating, i.e. an asphalt concrete comprising rocky inert materials and polymeric/organic substances in the form of bitumen and optional synthetic resins.
- Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising:- shut-off means (74), located upstream of the burner (10), configured to regulate the flow rate of a fuel - for example gaseous and/or liquid - to the burner (10);- first means of thermometric detection (76), functionally linked to the shut-off means (74);wherein, on the basis of one or more measured temperature signals sent from the first means of thermometric detection (76), the shut-off means (74) are controllable in such a way as to reduce or increase the flow rate of the fuel.
- Apparatus according to the preceding claim, wherein the first means of thermometric detection (76) are arranged at the burner (10), at the primary chamber (6), in at least one point of travel of the inert material inside the apparatus (1), and/or in at least one discharge area (78) of the inert material from the apparatus (1).
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IT201700139624 | 2017-12-04 | ||
PCT/IB2018/058358 WO2019111073A1 (en) | 2017-12-04 | 2018-10-26 | Gasification apparatus |
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EP3720929A1 EP3720929A1 (en) | 2020-10-14 |
EP3720929B1 true EP3720929B1 (en) | 2023-08-30 |
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US4919538A (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1990-04-24 | Swisher Jr George W | Drum mixer having a combined mixing and heating zone |
US7993048B1 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2011-08-09 | Collette Jerry R | Rotary thermal recycling system |
US8168043B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2012-05-01 | Eau-Viron Incorporated | Retort apparatus and method for continuously processing liquid and solid mixtures and for recovering products therefrom |
IT1392402B1 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2012-03-02 | Bernardi Impianti Internat S P A | DRYER FOR INERT |
ITMI20111352A1 (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2013-01-21 | Bernardi Impianti Internationl S P A | ROTARY CYLINDER DRYER FOR MIXTURES OF VIRGIN INERTES AND RECOVERY MATERIALS FOR THE PREPARATION OF BITUMINOUS CONGLOMERATES |
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