EP3719202B1 - Soil processing machine - Google Patents
Soil processing machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3719202B1 EP3719202B1 EP20161354.4A EP20161354A EP3719202B1 EP 3719202 B1 EP3719202 B1 EP 3719202B1 EP 20161354 A EP20161354 A EP 20161354A EP 3719202 B1 EP3719202 B1 EP 3719202B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- milling drum
- milling
- working machine
- transmission
- ground working
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 202
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 68
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/06—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
- E01C23/08—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for roughening or patterning; for removing the surface down to a predetermined depth high spots or material bonded to the surface, e.g. markings; for maintaining earth roads, clay courts or like surfaces by means of surface working tools, e.g. scarifiers, levelling blades
- E01C23/085—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for roughening or patterning; for removing the surface down to a predetermined depth high spots or material bonded to the surface, e.g. markings; for maintaining earth roads, clay courts or like surfaces by means of surface working tools, e.g. scarifiers, levelling blades using power-driven tools, e.g. vibratory tools
- E01C23/088—Rotary tools, e.g. milling drums
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
- E01C19/23—Rollers therefor; Such rollers usable also for compacting soil
- E01C19/28—Vibrated rollers or rollers subjected to impacts, e.g. hammering blows
- E01C19/286—Vibration or impact-imparting means; Arrangement, mounting or adjustment thereof; Construction or mounting of the rolling elements, transmission or drive thereto, e.g. to vibrator mounted inside the roll
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
- E01C19/23—Rollers therefor; Such rollers usable also for compacting soil
- E01C19/236—Construction of the rolling elements, e.g. surface configuration, rolling surface formed by endless track
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
- E01C19/23—Rollers therefor; Such rollers usable also for compacting soil
- E01C19/26—Rollers therefor; Such rollers usable also for compacting soil self-propelled or fitted to road vehicles
- E01C19/266—Rollers therefor; Such rollers usable also for compacting soil self-propelled or fitted to road vehicles fitted to vehicles, road-construction or earth-moving machinery, e.g. auxiliary roll readily movable to operative position ; provided with means for facilitating transport; Means for transporting rollers; Arrangements or attachments for converting vehicles into rollers, e.g. rolling sleeves for wheels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C2301/00—Machine characteristics, parts or accessories not otherwise provided for
- E01C2301/30—Cabin details
Definitions
- the invention relates to a soil cultivation machine, in particular a road milling machine, a stabilizer or the like, with a milling drum which is rotatably mounted on a machine frame and which is equipped or can be equipped with working tools on its outer circumference, the working tools being provided to be in contact during operation to step with the soil to be processed in order to remove it, a drive unit is provided which drives the milling drum by means of a drive motor, a drive shaft connected to the milling drum that can be coupled to the drive motor, and with a load element as a kinetic mass to increase the kinetic energy of the milling drum is provided.
- Soil cultivation machines are known in various designs.
- the DE 20 122 928 U1 a road milling machine as a soil cultivating machine. It has a drive train. This includes a drive motor, a clutch and a gear (the so-called milling drum gear), as well as organs that mediate these units, in particular shafts, toothed or endless drives.
- working tools are understood to mean, in particular, structural units of the milling drum which functionally interact with the milled material during the work process.
- these are the milling chisels with which the subsurface is milled and / or ejector tools, which have a guiding and conveying function for the milled material.
- the work result is significantly influenced by the speed of the milling drum.
- the optimal speed generally depends on the application.
- fine milling Road surfaces with a shallow milling depth to restore grip are required in proportion to higher speeds in order to generate a uniform milling pattern. Therefore only a superficial treatment takes place here.
- the heavy weight of the tillage machine helps to increase the smoothness even at low speeds. This is, however, disadvantageous in several respects, since it places special demands on the transport (large milling machines> 40 t; heavy transport) and limits the use on statically less stable surfaces.
- a road milling machine in which a milling drum can be driven via a drive train.
- the drive train includes, in particular, a drive motor, a clutch and a transmission (the so-called milling drum transmission).
- the DE 10 2014 118 802 A1 now proposes to attach a load weight to increase the kinetic energy as a kinetic mass on the drive train or on the milling drum in an exchangeable manner.
- the milling drum has, for example, pocket-shaped receptacles into which load weights can be inserted.
- This road milling machine makes use of the knowledge that the milling drum then runs more smoothly can if the kinetic energy in the drive train and / or the milling drum is increased.
- m indicates the amount of the rotating mass and r the distance of this mass from the axis of rotation.
- the product mr 2 represents the so-called moment of inertia of the moving mass and ⁇ the angular velocity (2 ⁇ * speed).
- the milling drum can be individually adapted to the task at hand. However, a certain set-up effort is required here for adaptation.
- the weights put a load on the drive motor and the clutch or the milling gear, especially when the machine starts up.
- the kinetic mass can be coupled or decoupled via a switchable coupling to the rotatable milling drum or to a rotating body that is directly or indirectly coupled to the milling drum.
- the kinetic mass can either be coupled to or uncoupled from the milling drum via the switchable coupling, as requested by the machine operator.
- the soil tillage implement is optimized in the uncoupled state designed for standard operation. If a change from this standard mode to lower speeds is to be made, the machine operator can conveniently switch on the kinetic mass via the switchable clutch in order to adapt the machine. Complex setup processes for adapting the machine can be avoided.
- the kinetic mass is only coupled to the drive shaft or the bearing shaft when the milling drum is already in rotating operation. In this way, the milling drum can be started up without the kinetic mass being switched on. Accordingly, the kinetic mass then does not load the drive train with its own weight, in particular the drive motor, the gearbox or a shift clutch that mediates the drive motor and the gearbox. This simple measure extends the service life of the components of the drive train.
- the drive shaft or a bearing shaft arranged opposite the drive shaft, by means of which the milling drum is mounted on a machine frame, forms the body of rotation.
- the kinetic mass For the coupling of the kinetic mass to the drive shaft or the bearing shaft, little structural effort is required. In particular, there is usually sufficient installation space available at these points, which enables the kinetic mass and the switchable clutch to be integrated.
- the kinetic mass is exchangeable. It can then in particular be exchanged for a different kinetic mass with a different weight. This makes it possible to adapt the milling drum to any application situation. However, it is usually sufficient if a suitable kinetic mass is available that is suitably dimensioned in order to be able to cover a wide range of applications.
- the kinetic mass is coupled to the rotary body or the milling drum by means of a transmission gear, and that the transmission gear increases the speed at which the milling drum or the rotary body rotates to a higher speed which rotates the kinetic mass translates.
- the transmission gear it is also conceivable, in particular, for the transmission gear to be designed as a switchable transmission with two or more transmission stages or as a transmission in which the transmission ratio is continuously variable. In this way, it is possible to vary the speed in different stages (or continuously). This makes it possible to change the speed at which the kinetic mass rotates in order to change the moment of inertia acting on the milling drum and thus to be able to make a further adjustment to individual work requirements.
- the bearing shaft or the drive shaft of the milling drum is guided directly to the drive side of the transmission gear. This offers a minimum of construction effort. However, it is also conceivable that the bearing shaft or the drive shaft is guided indirectly to the drive side of the transmission gear with the intermediation of at least one rotating body.
- a variant of the invention is particularly preferred such that an output side of the transmission gear is connected to the kinetic mass via the clutch. At this point, the kinetic mass can be achieved with little structural effort can be easily connected or disconnected. In addition, the rotating parts of the transmission gear also contribute to a certain extent to increasing the kinetic energy and stabilizing the milling operation, even when the kinetic mass is decoupled.
- the switchable coupling is arranged between the bearing shaft and the input side of the transmission gear.
- both the transmission gear and the kinetic mass can be decoupled at the same time.
- the transmission gear In the uncoupled state, the transmission gear is not operated, which is a measure to optimize wear.
- the invention can particularly preferably provide for the milling drum to rotate at a speed in the range between 30 to 240 revolutions / min and the kinetic mass at a speed in the range between 60 to 4000 revolutions / min.
- the speed of the kinetic mass is particularly preferably selected in the range between 1000 and 4000 revolutions / min. This preferred area is particularly suitable for use in road milling machines, since a very smooth running can be achieved here with a relatively low kinetic mass.
- the dimensioning is advantageously carried out in such a way that the effective moment of inertia of the milling drum has a first value when the clutch is disengaged and that when the clutch is engaged, the moment of inertia of the Milling drum and the kinetic mass-absorbing structural unit has a second value, the second value being at least twice as large as the first value.
- a reliable compensation of imbalances in road milling applications can be achieved if it is provided that the moment of inertia of the kinetic mass is greater than or equal to T / i 2 , where T corresponds to the moment of inertia of the milling drum and i is the speed ratio of the speed of the kinetic mass to the speed of the Milling drum is. It is immediately evident that a higher rotational speed can generate a greater effective moment of inertia on the drive side, since it is square.
- T effective milling drum T kinetic Dimensions * i 2 + T Milling drum
- the moment of inertia acting on the milling drum corresponds to the moment of inertia of the milling drum (and any add-on parts such as parts of the drive train) plus the moment of inertia of the kinetic mass multiplied by the square of the speed ratio i.
- an ideal transmission is assumed here.
- a soil cultivation machine can be characterized in that the transmission gear is arranged at least in some areas in the installation space enclosed by the milling drum. In this way, the transmission gear is housed in a space-saving manner. In addition or as an alternative, it is also conceivable that the transmission gear is accommodated at least in some areas within a milling drum box. Such a construction is recommended if there is already sufficient installation space available in the area of the milling drum box, which enables the integration of the transmission gear.
- the transmission gear can also be arranged at least in some areas within the milling drum box, at the same time it also protrudes at least in some areas into the installation space surrounded by the milling drum.
- the part of the transmission gear that is located in the milling drum box should then be protected by suitable measures against attack by the material removed from the milling drum box. If it is the case that the transmission gear protrudes at least partially into the installation space surrounded by the milling drum, then the milling drum geometry protects the transmission gear.
- the milling drum is at least partially accommodated inside a milling drum box, and that the transmission gear is attached to the milling drum box outside the interior space that accommodates the milling drum, preferably on the outside of the milling drum box, particularly preferably on the outside of a side wall of the milling drum box.
- the transmission gear is arranged outside of the milling drum box, it then of course no longer has to be protected from excavated material.
- the use of a transmission gear can be provided.
- the invention is not restricted to this. Rather, it is also conceivable that the milling drum is coupled to the kinetic mass in the engaged state of the clutch in such a way that the speed of the milling drum corresponds to the speed at which the kinetic mass rotates, neglecting the slip of the clutch.
- a particularly space-saving design can be achieved if it is provided that the coupling and the kinetic mass are arranged within the installation space enclosed by the milling drum.
- a braking device can also be used which is designed to brake the kinetic mass when the clutch is in the open state, that is to say the kinetic mass is then decoupled from the milling drum. This prevents the kinetic mass from being moved as a result of drag torques within the clutch (for example with viscous clutches).
- the clutch can be arranged in the area between the transmission gear and the kinetic mass. This has the advantage that a more cost-effective, weaker clutch can be used.
- the clutch is arranged in front of the transmission gear. Accordingly, when the clutch is disengaged, both the transmission gear and the kinetic mass are decoupled from the milling drum. Since the transmission gear no longer has to be moved in this operating state, there is a better degree of efficiency.
- a monitoring device can also be provided which uses a detection unit to detect one or more machine states.
- a vibration sensor and / or a torque sensor which detects a torque in the area of the drive train, in particular on the drive motor, can be provided.
- the monitoring signal detected by the detection unit is fed to the monitoring device.
- the monitoring signal is evaluated there. If there is an impermissible deviation from a default signal, the monitoring device sends a switching signal generated. This causes the switchable clutch to open using an adjusting element, for example an actuator. In this way, when an undesired machine condition occurs, the kinetic mass is decoupled from the milling drum by actuating the switchable clutch.
- Figure 1 shows a road milling machine 10 as a soil cultivating machine for milling road surfaces made of asphalt, concrete or the like.
- the road milling machine 10 has a machine frame 11 with an operator's platform 12 on. On the operator's platform 12, the machine operator can operate the road milling machine and control the functions of the road milling machine.
- the machine frame 11 is carried by a chassis 13.
- the running gear 13 comprises, for example, four crawler tracks 14 which are arranged on the front and rear on both sides of the machine frame 11.
- the crawler tracks 14 enable the road milling machine to move forwards and backwards along a lane.
- lifting columns 15 are provided.
- the crawler tracks 14 on the one hand and the machine frame 11 on the other hand are fastened to these lifting columns 15.
- the machine operator can adjust the height of the machine frame 11 relative to a roadway by adjusting the lifting columns 15.
- wheels can also be provided.
- the road milling machine has a working unit which is a milling device with a milling drum 30.
- the milling drum 30 is equipped with working tools 31.
- the working tools 31 are fastened to the milling drum 30 in an exchangeable manner by means of holding arrangements, for example chisel holders or chisel holder changing systems.
- the milling drum 30 is arranged on the machine frame 11 between the front and rear crawler tracks 14. It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the use in such types of machines, usually referred to as large milling machines. Rather, it is also conceivable that the milling drum 30 is arranged between the rear drives. Such types of machines are usually referred to as compact or small milling machines.
- the road surface is milled off with the milling drum 30.
- the road milling machine has a drive unit 20, which is also from Machine frame 11 is supported.
- the drive unit 20 is in Figure 1 shown schematically and shown in dashed lines.
- the drive unit 20 also drives the crawler tracks 14 and other units of the road milling machine, to which, for example, the lifting columns 15 for adjusting the machine frame 11 or actuators (not shown) for the steering or a water pump (not shown) for cooling the working tools 31 of the milling drum 30 count.
- FIG. 2 the drive unit 20 is shown schematically.
- This drawing again shows the milling drum 30, specifically in a view transverse to the direction of travel, perpendicular to the image plane according to FIG Figure 1 in left view.
- the work tools 31 are shown schematically.
- the milling drum 30 is arranged in a milling drum box 40.
- the milling drum box 40 has side walls 41 and a top wall 42.
- the side walls 41 and the top wall 42 shield the milling drum 30 from the environment.
- an opening is provided on the milling drum box 40 through which the material can reach a conveying device (not shown) consisting of conveyor belts, for example, in order to load the material onto a truck, for example.
- the milling drum 30 is rotatably mounted on the machine frame 11 or the milling drum box 40.
- the milling drum 30 has a drive shaft 33 and a bearing shaft 32.
- the milling drum 30 can be driven with the drive unit 20.
- the drive unit 20 comprises a drive motor 21, which is usually formed by an internal combustion engine.
- the drive motor 21 is connected to a pump transfer gear 23 via a coupling element 22.
- the coupling element 22 can be arranged at least in some areas in a free space 24 of the pump transfer case.
- a fluid is pressurized in the pump transfer case. This fluid is about Pressure lines lead to individual functional units of the road milling machine, for example the lifting columns 15 or to hydraulic motors of the crawler drive 14.
- a switching device 25 is provided following the pump distributor gear 23.
- the drive motor 21 can optionally be coupled to a shaft 26 or decoupled from it.
- the shaft 26 carries a pulley 27 which is part of a transmission unit 28.
- the transmission unit 28 also includes a further belt pulley 29.
- the two belt pulleys 27, 29 are connected to one another via an endlessly rotating belt drive.
- the pulley 29 is held on the drive shaft 33 of the milling drum.
- the drive shaft 33 is guided through a lateral opening in the associated side wall 41 of the milling drum box 40.
- the drive shaft 33 is coupled directly or indirectly to the milling drum 30.
- a bearing shaft 32 is provided concentrically to the drive shaft 33 on the opposite side of the milling drum 30. The drive shaft 33 and the bearing shaft 32 together form the axis of rotation for the milling drum 30.
- FIG. 2 further illustrates that a transmission gear 50 is arranged outside the milling drum box.
- This transmission gear 50 can be designed as a gear with one or more gear stages or as a continuously variable gear.
- the bearing shaft 32 leads directly to the input side of the transmission gear 50.
- a connecting piece 54 in the form of a shaft is arranged as a body of rotation.
- the connecting piece 54 establishes the connection to a coupling 55.
- the switchable clutch 55 can be operated from the operator's platform 12. It is also conceivable that a separately actuatable switching unit for operating the clutch 55 is provided in the vicinity of the milling drum box 40. Preferably, however, the switchable clutch 55 is can be operated from the operator's platform 12, which makes operation considerably easier.
- the coupling 55 is connected to a kinetic mass 57 via a support shaft 56.
- the kinetic mass 57 is a weight that is connected to the support shaft 56. It is conceivable that the kinetic mass 57 is interchangeably coupled directly or indirectly to the support shaft 56.
- the transmission gear 50 is attached to the associated side wall 41 on the outside.
- the transmission gear 50 can for example be designed as a planetary gear.
- a drive element 51 which forms the sun gear of the planetary gear, is held on the bearing shaft 32.
- a planet carrier 52 with an output element 53 (planet gears) is held non-rotatably on the connecting piece 54.
- the planet carrier 52 carries how Figure 3 illustrates gears that mesh with the sun gear.
- the invention is of course not limited to the use of a planetary gear as a step-up gear 50. Rather, it is also conceivable that other gear forms are used.
- the drive motor 21 drives the pump transfer case 23 via the coupling element 22.
- the shaft 26 is connected to the drive motor 21.
- the transmission unit 28 is driven at a speed n2, which can correspond to the speed n1 of the drive motor 21.
- the speed n2 is applied to the drive shaft 33.
- the speed n1 roughly corresponds to the speed n2.
- This speed n2 is now reduced to a lower speed n3 by means of a milling gear, not shown in the drawing, at which the milling drum 30 rotates.
- this transmission ratio between the higher speed n2 and the milling drum speed n3 is in the range between 10 and 30.
- the transmission gear 50 now translates the speed n3 to a higher speed n4, which is applied to the connecting piece 54.
- this speed n4 is also applied to the support shaft 56, so that the kinetic mass 57 rotates at the higher speed n4.
- the kinetic mass 57 can therefore be coupled to the milling drum 30 via the clutch 55 and the transmission gear 50.
- the rotational energy generated during the rotational movement of the kinetic mass 57 is introduced into the milling drum 30. In this way, the kinetic energy of the milling drum 30 increases. This leads to an increased smoothness of the milling drum 30.
- FIG 4 an alternative embodiment of the invention is shown.
- the milling drum 40 is housed again in the milling drum box 40.
- the drive shaft 33 and the bearing shaft 32 are again rotatably coupled to the machine frame 11 or to the milling drum box 40.
- a milling gear 60 is accommodated in the space surrounded by the milling drum 30. With this milling gear 60, as has been explained above, the speed n2 of the belt pulley 29 can be reduced.
- the milling gear 60 can be designed as a planetary gear. It has a drive element 61, usually a gearwheel, which is connected non-rotatably to the drive shaft 33. With this Driving element 61 mesh with one or more gears 62 (planetary gears) in order to reduce the speed.
- the drive shaft 33 has a connecting piece 63 which is connected to a support shaft 56 via a coupling 55.
- the support shaft 56 carries the kinetic mass 57.
- the speed n4 at which the kinetic mass 57 rotates corresponds to the speed n2 of the drive shaft 33 when the clutch 55 is closed.
- a transmission gear 50 is provided which is arranged before or after the clutch 55 and which transmits the speed n2 of the drive shaft 33 to a higher speed n4 at which the kinetic mass 57 rotates.
- the kinetic mass 57 and the coupling 55 are arranged in a protected manner within the installation space surrounded by the milling drum 30.
- the milling gear 60 is also arranged in some areas within the milling drum box 40 and partially within the installation space surrounded by the milling drum 30.
- the axis with which the kinetic mass 57 rotates is aligned with the axis of rotation of the milling drum 30.
- these two axes of rotation are arranged at a distance from one another in parallel. It is also conceivable that these axes of rotation run at an angle to one another.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Road Repair (AREA)
- Harvester Elements (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Bodenbearbeitungsmaschine, insbesondere eine Straßenfräsmaschine, einen Stabilisierer oder dergleichen, mit einer Fräswalze, die an einem Maschinenrahmen drehbar gelagert ist und die an ihrem Außenumfang mit Arbeitswerkzeugen bestückt oder bestückbar ist, wobei die Arbeitswerkzeuge dazu vorgesehen sind, während des Arbeitsbetriebs in Kontakt mit dem zu bearbeitenden Boden zu treten um diesen abzutragen, wobei eine Antriebseinheit vorgesehen ist, die die Fräswalze mittels eines Antriebsmotors antreibt, wobei an die Fräswalze eine Antriebswelle angeschlossen ist, die an den Antriebsmotor ankoppelbar ist, und wobei ein Auflastelement als kinetische Masse zur Steigerung der kinetischen Energie der Fräswalze vorgesehen ist.The invention relates to a soil cultivation machine, in particular a road milling machine, a stabilizer or the like, with a milling drum which is rotatably mounted on a machine frame and which is equipped or can be equipped with working tools on its outer circumference, the working tools being provided to be in contact during operation to step with the soil to be processed in order to remove it, a drive unit is provided which drives the milling drum by means of a drive motor, a drive shaft connected to the milling drum that can be coupled to the drive motor, and with a load element as a kinetic mass to increase the kinetic energy of the milling drum is provided.
Bodenbearbeitungsmaschinen sind in vielfältigen Ausführungen bekannt. Beispielsweise offenbart die
Gemäß der
Bei der Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Maschine wird das Arbeitsergebnis maßgeblich von der Drehzahl der Fräswalze beeinflusst. Hierbei ist die optimale Drehzahl im Allgemeinen von der Anwendung abhängig. Beim Feinfräsen von Straßenoberflächen, zur Wiederherstellung der Griffigkeit, mit geringer Frästiefe, werden im Verhältnis höhere Drehzahlen benötigt, um ein einheitliches Fräsbild zu erzeugen. Mithin erfolgt hier lediglich eine oberflächliche Bearbeitung.When using a machine according to the invention, the work result is significantly influenced by the speed of the milling drum. The optimal speed generally depends on the application. When fine milling Road surfaces with a shallow milling depth to restore grip are required in proportion to higher speeds in order to generate a uniform milling pattern. Therefore only a superficial treatment takes place here.
Beim Ausbau von ganzen oder mehreren Schichten des Straßenaufbaus sind tendenziell niedrigere Drehzahlen günstiger, da sich gezeigt hat, dass eine geringere Entwicklung von Feinkornanteilen und daher eine reduzierte Staubentwicklung gewährleistet werden kann. Darüber hinaus wird der Verschleiß an den Fräswerkzeugen bei niedrigen Drehzahlen deutlich reduziert. Weiterhin wird bei reduzierter Fräswalzendrehzahl auch eine geringere Antriebsleistung für die Fräswalze benötigt, was bei gleichbleibendem Vorschub zu einem niedrigeren Kraftstoffverbrauch führt. Andererseits kann der Vorschub auch erhöht werden wodurch eine höhere Ausbauleistung ermöglicht wird. Insgesamt ist bei solchen Anwendungen daher eine möglichst geringe Fräswalzendrehzahl anzustreben.When removing whole or several layers of the road structure, lower speeds tend to be more favorable, since it has been shown that a lower development of fine-grain fractions and therefore a reduced development of dust can be guaranteed. In addition, the wear on the milling tools is significantly reduced at low speeds. Furthermore, with a reduced milling drum speed, a lower drive power is required for the milling drum, which leads to a lower fuel consumption with the same feed rate. On the other hand, the feed rate can also be increased, which enables a higher expansion rate. Overall, the lowest possible milling drum speed should be aimed for in such applications.
Um den verschiedenen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden ist es daher bekannt die Fräswalzendrehzahl bei Straßenfräsen variabel einstellen zu können. Wird die Drehzahl jedoch zu niedrig gewählt reicht die kinetische Energie der Fräswalze nicht mehr aus, um das Fräsgut effektiv zu bearbeiten, es kommt zu einem unrunden und unruhigen Lauf der Fräswalze der sich unter anderem durch Vibrationen der gesamten Bodenbearbeitungsmaschine bis hin zum Aufschaukeln der Maschine zeigt. Hierbei können auch Beschädigungen an der Maschine auftreten. Weiterhin leidet durch den unruhigen Lauf der Fräswalze die Arbeitsqualität und es können Ungleichmäßigkeiten im Fräsbild auftreten. Im Extremfall kann bei nicht ausreichender kinetischer Energie die Fräswalze stecken bleiben.In order to meet the various requirements, it is therefore known to be able to variably set the milling drum speed in road milling machines. If the speed is selected too low, however, the kinetic energy of the milling drum is no longer sufficient to process the milled material effectively, and the milling drum runs irregularly and unevenly, which can be seen, among other things, by vibrations of the entire soil tillage machine and even rocking of the machine . This can also damage the machine. Furthermore, the quality of work suffers due to the uneven running of the milling drum and irregularities in the milling pattern can occur. In extreme cases, the milling drum can get stuck if there is insufficient kinetic energy.
Ein hohes Gewicht der Bodenbearbeitungsmaschine trägt dazu bei, die Laufruhe auch bei niedrigen Drehzahlen zu erhöhen. Dies ist allerdings in mehrfacher Hinsicht nachteilig, da hierdurch zum einen besondere Anforderungen an den Transport gestellt werden müssen (Großfräsen > 40 t; Schwertransport) und zum anderen die Einsatzmöglichkeiten auf statisch wenig tragfähigen Untergründen eingeschränkt wird.The heavy weight of the tillage machine helps to increase the smoothness even at low speeds. This is, however, disadvantageous in several respects, since it places special demands on the transport (large milling machines> 40 t; heavy transport) and limits the use on statically less stable surfaces.
Es ist daher bekannt Fräsmaschinen zur Stabilisierung aufzulasten. Hierzu werden auf der Maschine Zusatzgewichte befestigt. So ist es beispielsweise bekannt, bei einer Straßenfräsmaschine mit ca. 4,5 Tonnen Gesamtgewicht 1,3 Tonnen durch Zusatzgewichte verfügbar zu machen. Mit anderen Worten machen die Zusatzgewichte knapp 1/3 des Maschinengewichtes aus. Eine solche Maschine ist somit flexibel einsetzbar, muss jedoch für die optimale Anpassung an die jeweilige Aufgabenstellung mit großen Zusatzgewichten aufgelastet werden.It is therefore known to load milling machines for stabilization. For this purpose, additional weights are attached to the machine. For example, it is known to make 1.3 tons available by adding additional weights in a road milling machine with a total weight of approx. 4.5 tons. In other words, the additional weights make up almost 1/3 of the weight of the machine. Such a machine can therefore be used flexibly, but must be loaded with large additional weights for optimal adaptation to the respective task.
Aus der
Aus der
Dabei gibt m den Betrag der rotierenden Masse und r den Abstand dieser Masse von der Rotationsachse an. Das Produkt mr2 stellt das sogenannte Trägheitsmoment der bewegten Masse und ω die Winkelgeschwindigkeit (2 π * Drehzahl) dar.Here, m indicates the amount of the rotating mass and r the distance of this mass from the axis of rotation. The product mr 2 represents the so-called moment of inertia of the moving mass and ω the angular velocity (2 π * speed).
Nachdem, wie vorstehend beschrieben, eine Reduzierung der Drehzahl erwünscht ist, wird mit den auswechselbaren Auflastgewichten eine Erhöhung des Trägheitsmoments angestrebt, wozu diese Auflastgewichte an den rotierenden Teilen des Antriebsstranges oder der Fräswalze verbaut werden.Since, as described above, a reduction in the speed is desired, an increase in the moment of inertia is sought with the exchangeable load weights, for which purpose these load weights are installed on the rotating parts of the drive train or the milling drum.
Mit den auswechselbaren Auflastgewichten lässt sich die Fräswalze individuell an die jeweils gestellte Arbeitsaufgabe anpassen. Allerdings ist ein gewisser Rüstaufwand hier zur Anpassung erforderlich. Darüber hinaus belasten die Auflastgewichte den Antriebsmotor und die Kupplung bzw. das Fräsgetriebe, insbesondere beim Anfahren der Maschine.With the interchangeable load weights, the milling drum can be individually adapted to the task at hand. However, a certain set-up effort is required here for adaptation. In addition, the weights put a load on the drive motor and the clutch or the milling gear, especially when the machine starts up.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Bodenbearbeitungsmaschine der eingangs erwähnten Art bereitzustellen, welche auf unterschiedliche Fräsanwendungen einfach anpassbar ist und sich dabei durch eine hohe Laufruhe, bei gleichzeitig geringer Belastung des Antriebsstranges auszeichnet.It is the object of the invention to provide a soil cultivating machine of the type mentioned at the outset, which can be easily adapted to different milling applications and is characterized by a high level of running smoothness and, at the same time, a low load on the drive train.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass die kinetische Masse über eine schaltbare Kupplung an die drehbare Fräswalze oder an einen mit der Fräswalze mittelbar oder unmittelbar gekoppelten Rotationskörper an- oder abkoppelbar ist.This object is achieved in that the kinetic mass can be coupled or decoupled via a switchable coupling to the rotatable milling drum or to a rotating body that is directly or indirectly coupled to the milling drum.
Die kinetische Masse lässt sich nach Wunsch des Maschinenführers über die schaltbare Kupplung entweder an die Fräswalze ankoppeln oder von dieser abkoppeln. Im abgekoppelten Zustand ist die Bodenbearbeitungsmaschine optimiert auf einen Standardbetrieb ausgelegt. Soll nun ein Wechsel von diesem Standardbetrieb hin zu niedrigeren Drehzahlen vorgenommen werden, so kann der Maschinenführer die kinetische Masse über die schaltbare Kupplung komfortabel zuschalten, um dadurch eine Anpassung der Maschine durchzuführen. Dabei können aufwändige Rüstvorgänge zur Anpassung der Maschine vermieden werden. Es kann insbesondere vorgesehen sein, dass die kinetische Masse erst dann an die Antriebswelle oder die Lagerwelle angekoppelt wird, wenn die Fräswalze sich bereits im rotierenden Betrieb befindet. Auf diese Weise kann die Fräswalze, ohne zugeschaltete kinetische Masse, angefahren werden. Dementsprechend belastet die kinetische Masse dann mit ihrem Eigengewicht den Antriebsstrang, insbesondere den Antriebsmotor, das Schaltgetriebe bzw. eine den Antriebsmotor und das Schaltgetriebe vermittelnde Schaltkupplung, nicht. Durch diese einfache Maßnahme verlängert sich die Lebensdauer der Komponenten des Antriebsstranges.The kinetic mass can either be coupled to or uncoupled from the milling drum via the switchable coupling, as requested by the machine operator. The soil tillage implement is optimized in the uncoupled state designed for standard operation. If a change from this standard mode to lower speeds is to be made, the machine operator can conveniently switch on the kinetic mass via the switchable clutch in order to adapt the machine. Complex setup processes for adapting the machine can be avoided. In particular, it can be provided that the kinetic mass is only coupled to the drive shaft or the bearing shaft when the milling drum is already in rotating operation. In this way, the milling drum can be started up without the kinetic mass being switched on. Accordingly, the kinetic mass then does not load the drive train with its own weight, in particular the drive motor, the gearbox or a shift clutch that mediates the drive motor and the gearbox. This simple measure extends the service life of the components of the drive train.
Durch die Zuschaltung der kinetischen Masse kann, unter sonst gleichen Bedingungen, eine Reduzierung der Drehzahl während des Betriebseinsatzes unter gleichzeitiger Erhöhung des Trägheitsmoments vorgenommen werden mit der Senkung der Fräswalzendrehzahl geht eine geringere erforderliche Leistungsaufnahme einher, was zu einer Absenkung des Treibstoffbedarfs und der Emissionen des Antriebsmotors führt. Mit geringeren Drehzahlen gehen dann auch ein geringerer Meißelverschleiß, und ein geringerer Kühlmittelbedarf einher.By activating the kinetic mass, under otherwise identical conditions, the speed can be reduced during operation with a simultaneous increase in the moment of inertia leads. With lower speeds, there is also less chisel wear and a lower coolant requirement.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Erfindungsausgestaltung kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die Antriebswelle oder eine gegenüberliegend der Antriebswelle angeordnete Lagerwelle, mittels der die Fräswalze an einem Maschinenrahmen gelagert ist, den Rotationskörper bildet. Für die Ankopplung der kinetischen Masse an die Antriebswelle bzw. die Lagerwelle ist ein geringer konstruktiver Aufwand erforderlich. Insbesondere steht an diesen Stellen in der Regel ein ausreichender Bauraum zur Verfügung, der eine Integration der kinetischen Masse und der schaltbaren Kupplung ermöglicht.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the drive shaft or a bearing shaft arranged opposite the drive shaft, by means of which the milling drum is mounted on a machine frame, forms the body of rotation. For the coupling of the kinetic mass to the drive shaft or the bearing shaft, little structural effort is required. In particular, there is usually sufficient installation space available at these points, which enables the kinetic mass and the switchable clutch to be integrated.
Es ist auch denkbar, dass das die kinetische Masse auswechselbar ist. Sie kann dann insbesondere gegen eine andere kinetische Masse mit einem abweichenden Gewicht ausgetauscht werden. Dies ermöglicht es, eine Anpassung der Fräswalze auf beliebige Anwendungssituationen vornehmen zu können. Es ist allerdings in der Regel ausreichend, wenn eine geeignete kinetische Masse zur Verfügung steht, die geeignet dimensioniert ist, um ein breites Anwendungsspektrum abdecken zu können.It is also conceivable that the kinetic mass is exchangeable. It can then in particular be exchanged for a different kinetic mass with a different weight. This makes it possible to adapt the milling drum to any application situation. However, it is usually sufficient if a suitable kinetic mass is available that is suitably dimensioned in order to be able to cover a wide range of applications.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltungsvariante der Erfindung kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die kinetische Masse unter Vermittlung eines Übersetzungsgetriebes an den Rotationskörper oder die Fräswalze angekoppelt ist, und dass das Übersetzungsgetriebe die Drehzahl, mit der die Fräswalze oder der Rotationskörper rotiert, zu einer höheren Drehzahl, mit der die kinetische Masse rotiert, übersetzt. Hierbei ist es insbesondere auch denkbar, dass das Übersetzungsgetriebe als schaltbares Getriebe mit zwei oder mehreren Übersetzungsstufen oder als Getriebe ausgeführt ist, bei dem das Übersetzungsverhältnis stufenlos veränderbar ausgebildet ist. Auf diese Weise lässt sich in unterschiedlichen Stufen (oder stufenlos) eine Drehzahlvariation vornehmen. Damit ist es möglich, die Drehzahl, mit der die kinetischen Masse rotiert, zu verändern, um das an der Fräswalze wirkende Trägheitsmoment zu verändern und dadurch eine weitere Anpassung auf individuelle Arbeitsanforderungen vornehmen zu können.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the kinetic mass is coupled to the rotary body or the milling drum by means of a transmission gear, and that the transmission gear increases the speed at which the milling drum or the rotary body rotates to a higher speed which rotates the kinetic mass translates. Here it is also conceivable, in particular, for the transmission gear to be designed as a switchable transmission with two or more transmission stages or as a transmission in which the transmission ratio is continuously variable. In this way, it is possible to vary the speed in different stages (or continuously). This makes it possible to change the speed at which the kinetic mass rotates in order to change the moment of inertia acting on the milling drum and thus to be able to make a further adjustment to individual work requirements.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist es denkbar, dass die Lagerwelle oder die Antriebswelle der Fräswalze unmittelbar zur Antriebsseite des Übersetzungsgetriebes geführt ist. Hierdurch wird ein minimaler Bauaufwand geboten. Denkbar ist es jedoch auch, dass die Lagerwelle oder die Antriebswelle mittelbar zur Antriebsseite des Übersetzungsgetriebes unter Vermittlung wenigstens eines Drehkörpers geführt ist.In the context of the invention, it is conceivable that the bearing shaft or the drive shaft of the milling drum is guided directly to the drive side of the transmission gear. This offers a minimum of construction effort. However, it is also conceivable that the bearing shaft or the drive shaft is guided indirectly to the drive side of the transmission gear with the intermediation of at least one rotating body.
Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Erfindungsvariante derart, dass eine Abtriebsseite des Übersetzungsgetriebes über die Kupplung an die kinetische Masse angeschlossen ist. An dieser Stelle kann die kinetische Masse mit geringem baulichen Aufwand einfach an- bzw. abgekoppelt werden. Darüber hinaus tragen die rotierenden Teile des Übersetzungsgetriebes in gewissem Maße auch zur Erhöhung der kinetischen Energie und zur Stabilisierung des Fräsbetriebs, auch bei abgekoppelter kinetischer Masse bei.A variant of the invention is particularly preferred such that an output side of the transmission gear is connected to the kinetic mass via the clutch. At this point, the kinetic mass can be achieved with little structural effort can be easily connected or disconnected. In addition, the rotating parts of the transmission gear also contribute to a certain extent to increasing the kinetic energy and stabilizing the milling operation, even when the kinetic mass is decoupled.
Denkbar ist es auch, dass die schaltbare Kupplung zwischen der Lagerwelle und der Eingangsseite des Übersetzungsgetriebes angeordnet ist. Bei geschalteter Kupplung können damit gleichzeitig sowohl das Übersetzungsgetriebe als auch die kinetische Masse abgekoppelt werden. Im abgekoppelten Zustand wird das Übersetzungsgetriebe nicht betrieben, was eine Maßnahme zur Verschleißoptimierung darstellt.It is also conceivable that the switchable coupling is arranged between the bearing shaft and the input side of the transmission gear. When the clutch is engaged, both the transmission gear and the kinetic mass can be decoupled at the same time. In the uncoupled state, the transmission gear is not operated, which is a measure to optimize wear.
Wenn als Bodenbearbeitungsmaschine eine Straßenfräsmaschine Verwendung findet, so kann es besonders bevorzugt erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen sein, dass die Fräswalze mit einer Drehzahl im Bereich zwischen 30 bis 240 Umdrehungen/min und die kinetische Masse mit einer Drehzahl im Bereich zwischen 60 bis 4000 Umdrehungen/min rotieren.If a road milling machine is used as the soil tillage machine, the invention can particularly preferably provide for the milling drum to rotate at a speed in the range between 30 to 240 revolutions / min and the kinetic mass at a speed in the range between 60 to 4000 revolutions / min.
Besonders bevorzugt wird die Drehzahl der kinetischen Masse im Bereich zwischen 1000 und 4000 Umdrehungen/min gewählt. Dieser bevorzugte Bereich eignet sich insbesondere für den Einsatz bei Straßenfräsmaschinen, da hier mit einer relativ geringen kinetischen Masse eine hohe Laufruhe erreicht werden kann.The speed of the kinetic mass is particularly preferably selected in the range between 1000 and 4000 revolutions / min. This preferred area is particularly suitable for use in road milling machines, since a very smooth running can be achieved here with a relatively low kinetic mass.
Bei Fräsanwendungen, bei denen wenigstens eine Schicht vom Fahrbahnbelag einer Straße abgetragen werden müssen, hat sich gezeigt, dass die Dimensionierung vorteilhafterweise so vorgenommen wird, dass das wirksame Trägheitsmoment der Fräswalze bei ausgekoppelter Kupplung einen ersten Wert aufweist und dass bei eingekoppelter Kupplung das Trägheitsmoment der die Fräswalze und die kinetische Masse aufnehmenden Baueinheit einen zweiten Wert aufweist, wobei der zweite Wert mindestens doppelt so groß ist wie der erste Wert.In milling applications in which at least one layer has to be removed from the road surface of a road, it has been shown that the dimensioning is advantageously carried out in such a way that the effective moment of inertia of the milling drum has a first value when the clutch is disengaged and that when the clutch is engaged, the moment of inertia of the Milling drum and the kinetic mass-absorbing structural unit has a second value, the second value being at least twice as large as the first value.
Ein zuverlässiger Ausgleich von Unwuchten bei Straßenfräsanwendungen kann dann erreicht werden, wenn vorgesehen ist, dass das Trägheitsmoment der kinetischen Masse größer oder gleich T/i2 ist, wobei T dem Trägheitsmoment der Fräswalze entspricht und i das Drehzahlverhältnis von Drehzahl der kinetische Masse zu Drehzahl der Fräswalze ist. Es ist unmittelbar einsichtig, dass einer höheren Drehzahl ein größeres wirksames Trägheitsmoment auf der Antriebsseite erzeugt werden kann, da diese nämlich im Quadrat eingeht.A reliable compensation of imbalances in road milling applications can be achieved if it is provided that the moment of inertia of the kinetic mass is greater than or equal to T / i 2 , where T corresponds to the moment of inertia of the milling drum and i is the speed ratio of the speed of the kinetic mass to the speed of the Milling drum is. It is immediately evident that a higher rotational speed can generate a greater effective moment of inertia on the drive side, since it is square.
Dieser Zusammenhang wird auch aus der nachstehenden Formel deutlich:
Das an der Fräswalze wirkende Trägheitsmoment entspricht dem Trägheitstmoment der Fräswalze (sowie vorhandener Anbauteile, wie Teile des Antriebsstranges) plus dem Trägheitsmoment der kinetischen Masse multipliziert mit dem Quadrat des Drehzahlverhältnisses i. Aus Gründen der Vereinfachung wird hierbei ein ideales Getriebe angenommen.The moment of inertia acting on the milling drum corresponds to the moment of inertia of the milling drum (and any add-on parts such as parts of the drive train) plus the moment of inertia of the kinetic mass multiplied by the square of the speed ratio i. For the sake of simplicity, an ideal transmission is assumed here.
Daraus folgt dann auch unmittelbar das im vorherigen Absatz gesagte, wenn:
Dann ergibt sich als wirksames Drehmoment an der Fräswalze 2*T.Then the effective torque on the milling drum is 2 * T.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Bodenbearbeitungsmaschine kann dadurch gekennzeichnet sein, dass das Übersetzungsgetriebe zumindest bereichsweise in dem von der Fräswalze umschlossenen Bauraum angeordnet ist. Auf diese Weise ist das Übersetzungsgetriebe platzsparend untergebracht. Denkbar ist es zusätzlich oder alternativ auch, dass das Übersetzungsgetriebe zumindest bereichsweise innerhalb eines Fräswalzenkastens aufgenommen ist. Eine solche Konstruktion empfiehlt sich dann, wenn im Bereich des Fräswalzenkastens bereits ein ausreichender Bauraum zur Verfügung steht, welcher die Integration des Übersetzungsgetriebes ermöglicht.A soil cultivation machine according to the invention can be characterized in that the transmission gear is arranged at least in some areas in the installation space enclosed by the milling drum. In this way, the transmission gear is housed in a space-saving manner. In addition or as an alternative, it is also conceivable that the transmission gear is accommodated at least in some areas within a milling drum box. Such a construction is recommended if there is already sufficient installation space available in the area of the milling drum box, which enables the integration of the transmission gear.
Selbstverständlich kann das Übersetzungsgetriebe auch zumindest bereichsweise innerhalb des Fräswalzenkastens angeordnet sein, wobei es gleichzeitig auch zumindest bereichsweise in dem von der Fräswalze umgebenen Bauraum hineinragt.Of course, the transmission gear can also be arranged at least in some areas within the milling drum box, at the same time it also protrudes at least in some areas into the installation space surrounded by the milling drum.
Der Teil des Übersetzungsgetriebes, welcher sich im Fräswalzenkasten befindet, sollte dann durch geeignete Maßnahmen vor dem Angriff des sich im Fräswalzenkasten befindlichen, abgetragenen Materials geschützt werden. Wenn es so ist, dass das Übersetzungsgetriebe in den von der Fräswalze umgebenen Bauraum zumindest teilweise hineinragt, dann schützt die Fräswalzengeometrie das Übersetzungsgetriebe.The part of the transmission gear that is located in the milling drum box should then be protected by suitable measures against attack by the material removed from the milling drum box. If it is the case that the transmission gear protrudes at least partially into the installation space surrounded by the milling drum, then the milling drum geometry protects the transmission gear.
Gemäß einer Erfindungsalternative kann es auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Fräswalze innerhalb eines Fräswalzenkastens zumindest teilweise aufgenommen ist, und dass das Übersetzungsgetriebe am Fräswalzenkasten außerhalb des die Fräswalze aufnehmenden Innenraums, vorzugsweise an der Außenseite des Fräswalzenkastens, besonders bevorzugt außenseitig an einer Seitenwand des Fräswalzenkasten, angebracht oder angeordnet ist.Eine solche Vorgehensweise empfiehlt sich dann, wenn seitlich am Fräswalzenkasten ein genügend großer Bauraum für das Übersetzungsgetriebe zur Verfügung gestellt werden muss. Dadurch dass das Übersetzungsgetriebe außerhalb des Fräswalzenkastens angeordnet ist, muss es selbstverständlich dann nicht mehr von Abraummaterial geschützt werden.According to an alternative of the invention, it can also be provided that the milling drum is at least partially accommodated inside a milling drum box, and that the transmission gear is attached to the milling drum box outside the interior space that accommodates the milling drum, preferably on the outside of the milling drum box, particularly preferably on the outside of a side wall of the milling drum box Such a procedure is recommended when a sufficiently large space for the transmission gear has to be made available on the side of the milling drum box. Because the transmission gear is arranged outside of the milling drum box, it then of course no longer has to be protected from excavated material.
Wie dies vorstehend beschrieben wurde, kann die Verwendung eines Übersetzungsgetriebes vorgesehen sein. Die Erfindung ist allerdings hierauf nicht beschränkt. Vielmehr ist es auch denkbar, dass die Fräswalze im eingekuppelten Zustand der Kupplung mit der kinetischen Masse derart gekoppelt ist, dass die Drehzahl der Fräswalze der Drehzahl mit der die kinetische Masse rotiert, unter Vernachlässigung des Schlupfs der Kupplung, einander entsprechen.As described above, the use of a transmission gear can be provided. However, the invention is not restricted to this. Rather, it is also conceivable that the milling drum is coupled to the kinetic mass in the engaged state of the clutch in such a way that the speed of the milling drum corresponds to the speed at which the kinetic mass rotates, neglecting the slip of the clutch.
Eine besonders platzsparende Bauweise kann erreicht werden, wenn vorgesehen ist, dass die Kupplung und die kinetische Masse innerhalb des von der Fräswalze umschlossenen Bauraums angeordnet sind.A particularly space-saving design can be achieved if it is provided that the coupling and the kinetic mass are arranged within the installation space enclosed by the milling drum.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung kann auch eine Bremsvorrichtung verwendet sein, die dazu ausgelegt ist, die kinetische Masse dann zu bremsen, wenn sich die Kupplung im geöffneten Zustand befindet, also die kinetische Masse dann von der Fräswalze abgekoppelt ist. Auf diese Weise wird verhindert, dass bedingt durch Schleppmomente innerhalb der Kupplung (beispielsweise bei Viscokupplungen), die kinetische Masse bewegt wird.In the context of the invention, a braking device can also be used which is designed to brake the kinetic mass when the clutch is in the open state, that is to say the kinetic mass is then decoupled from the milling drum. This prevents the kinetic mass from being moved as a result of drag torques within the clutch (for example with viscous clutches).
Wie dies vorstehend beschrieben wurde, kann die Kupplung im Bereich zwischen dem Übersetzungsgetriebe und der kinetischen Masse angeordnet sein. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass eine kostengünstigere, schwächer ausgelegte Kupplung Verwendung finden kann.As described above, the clutch can be arranged in the area between the transmission gear and the kinetic mass. This has the advantage that a more cost-effective, weaker clutch can be used.
Denkbar ist es jedoch auch, dass die Kupplung vor dem Übersetzungsgetriebe angeordnet ist. Dementsprechend werden bei ausgekuppelter Kupplung sowohl das Übersetzungsgetriebe als auch die kinetische Masse von der Fräswalze abgekoppelt. Da nun auch das Übersetzungsgetriebe nicht mehr in diesem Betriebszustand bewegt werden muss, ergibt sich ein besserer Wirkungsgrad.However, it is also conceivable that the clutch is arranged in front of the transmission gear. Accordingly, when the clutch is disengaged, both the transmission gear and the kinetic mass are decoupled from the milling drum. Since the transmission gear no longer has to be moved in this operating state, there is a better degree of efficiency.
Gemäß einer Erfindungsvariante kann auch eine Überwachungseinrichtung vorgesehen sein, die mit einer Erfassungseinheit einen oder mehrere Maschinenzustände erfasst. Beispielsweise kann ein Vibrationssensor und/oder eine Drehmomentsensor, welcher ein Drehmoment im Bereich des Antriebsstrang, insbesondere am Antriebsmotor erfasst vorgesehen sein. Weiterhin ist es denkbar, dass das auf den Hubsäulen einer Straßenfräsmaschine auflastende Maschinen-Gewicht überwacht wird. Das von der Erfassungseinheit erfasste Überwachungssignal wird der Überwachungseinrichtung zugeleitet. Dort wird das Überwachungssignal ausgewertet. Falls eine unzulässige Abweichung von einem Vorgabe-Signal vorliegt, wird von der Überwachungseinrichtung ein Schaltsignal generiert. Dieses veranlasst, unter Verwendung eines Stellelements, beispielsweise eines Stellantriebs, die Öffnung der schaltbaren Kupplung. Damit wird dann bei Auftreten eines unerwünschten Maschinenzustands die kinetische Masse durch Betätigung der schaltbare Kupplung von der Fräswalze abgekoppelt.According to a variant of the invention, a monitoring device can also be provided which uses a detection unit to detect one or more machine states. For example, a vibration sensor and / or a torque sensor which detects a torque in the area of the drive train, in particular on the drive motor, can be provided. It is also conceivable that the machine weight on the lifting columns of a road milling machine is monitored. The monitoring signal detected by the detection unit is fed to the monitoring device. The monitoring signal is evaluated there. If there is an impermissible deviation from a default signal, the monitoring device sends a switching signal generated. This causes the switchable clutch to open using an adjusting element, for example an actuator. In this way, when an undesired machine condition occurs, the kinetic mass is decoupled from the milling drum by actuating the switchable clutch.
Beispielsweise beim Gleichlauffräsen besteht die Gefahr, dass die Maschine, aufgrund unzulässiger Betriebskräfte, aus dem Schneideingriff ausgehoben und nach vorne gezogen wird. Dies ist beispielsweise in der
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
-
Figur 1 als Beispiel für eine Bodenbearbeitungsmaschine eine Großfräse in Seitenansicht, -
Figur 2 in schematischer Darstellung ein Fräsaggregat der Bodenbearbeitungsmaschine nachFigur 1 , -
Figur 3 in schematischer Darstellung einen Fräswalzenkasten mit einer darin aufgenommenen Fräswalze und -
Figur 4 in schematischer Darstellung einen Fräswalzenkasten mit einer darin aufgenommenen Fräswalze als Alternative zu der Ausgestaltung gemäßFigur 3 .
-
Figure 1 as an example of a tillage machine, a large milling machine in side view, -
Figure 2 in a schematic representation of a milling unit of the tillage machine according toFigure 1 , -
Figure 3 a schematic representation of a milling drum box with a milling drum received therein and -
Figure 4 in a schematic representation a milling drum box with a milling drum received therein as an alternative to the embodiment according to FIGFigure 3 .
Der Maschinenrahmen 11 ist von einem Fahrwerk 13 getragen. Das Fahrwerk 13 umfasst beispielsweise vier Kettenlaufwerke 14, die an der Vorder- und Rückseite auf beiden Seiten des Maschinenrahmens 11 angeordnet sind. Die Kettenlaufwerke 14 ermöglichen eine Vor- und eine Rückbewegung der Straßenfräsmaschine entlang einer Fahrspur. Zur Höhenverstellung des Maschinenrahmens 11 gegenüber dem Fahrwerk 13 sind Hubsäulen 15 vorgesehen. An diesen Hubsäulen 15 sind die Kettenlaufwerke 14 einerseits und der Maschinenrahmen 11 andererseits befestigt. Der Maschinenführer kann über eine Verstellung der Hubsäulen 15 eine Höhenausrichtung des Maschinenrahmens 11 gegenüber einer Fahrbahn vornehmen.The
Anstelle von Kettenlaufwerk 14 können auch Räder vorgesehen sein.Instead of the
Die Straßenfräsmaschine verfügt über eine Arbeitseinheit, bei der es sich um eine Fräseinrichtung mit einer Fräswalze 30 handelt. Die Fräswalze 30 ist mit Arbeitswerkzeuge 31 bestückt.The road milling machine has a working unit which is a milling device with a milling
Die Arbeitswerkzeuge 31 sind unter Vermittlung von Halteanordnungen, beispielsweise Meißelhalter oder Meißelhalterwechselsysteme an der Fräswalze 30 auswechselbar befestigt.The working
Wie
Die Antriebseinheit 20 treibt neben der Fräswalze 30 auch die Kettenlaufwerke 14 sowie weitere Aggregate der Straßenfräsmaschine an, zu denen beispielsweise die Hubsäulen 15 für die Verstellung des Maschinenrahmens 11 oder nicht dargestellte Stellantriebe für die Lenkung oder eine nicht dargestellte Wasserpumpe zur Kühlung der Arbeitswerkzeuge 31 der Fräswalze 30 zählen.In addition to the milling
In
Die Fräswalze 30 ist an dem Maschinenrahmen 11 oder dem Fräswalzenkasten 40 drehbar gelagert. Die Fräswalze 30 besitzt eine Antriebswelle 33 und eine Lagerwelle 32.The milling
Die Fräswalze 30 kann mit der Antriebseinheit 20 angetrieben werden. Im Einzelnen umfasst die Antriebseinheit 20 einen Antriebsmotor 21, welcher üblicherweise von einem Verbrennungsmotor gebildet ist. Der Antriebsmotor 21 ist über ein Koppelelement 22 an ein Pumpenverteilergetriebe 23 angeschlossen. Für eine platzsparende Bauweise kann das Koppelelement 22 zumindest bereichsweise in einem Freiraum 24 des Pumpenverteilergetriebes angeordnet sein. Im Pumpenverteilergetriebe wird ein Fluid unter Druck gesetzt. Dieses Fluid wird über Druckleitungen an einzelne Funktionseinheiten der Straßenfräsmaschine, beispielsweise die Hubsäulen 15 oder zu Hydraulikmotoren der Kettenlaufwerk 14 geführt. Im Anschluss an das Pumpenverteilergetriebe 23 ist eine Schalteinrichtung 25 vorgesehen.The milling
Mittels der Schalteinrichtung 25 kann der Antriebsmotor 21 wahlweise an eine Welle 26 angekoppelt oder von dieser abgekoppelt werden.By means of the
Die Welle 26 trägt eine Riemenscheibe 27, die Teil einer Übertragungseinheit 28 ist. Die Übertragungseinheit 28 umfasst auch eine weitere Riemenscheibe 29. Die beiden Riemenscheiben 27, 29 sind über einen endlos umlaufenden Riementrieb miteinander verbunden.The
Wie
Die Kupplung 55 ist über eine Tragwelle 56 an eine kinetische Masse 57 angeschlossen. Bei der kinetischen Masse 57 handelt es sich um ein Gewicht, welches an die Tragwelle 56 angeschlossen ist. Denkbar ist es, dass die kinetische Masse 57 austauschbar an die Tragwelle 56 mittelbar oder unmittelbar angekoppelt ist.The
Der Aufbau, wie er in
Wie
Das Übersetzungsgetriebe 50 kann beispielsweise als Planetengetriebe ausgebildet sein. Dabei ist an der Lagerwelle 32 ein Treibelement 51 gehalten, welches das Sonnenrad des Planetengetriebes bildet. Weiterhin ist auf dem Verbindungsstück 54 ein Planetenträger 52 mit Abtriebelement 53 (Planetenräder) drehfest gehalten. Der Planetenträger 52 trägt, wie
Die Funktionsweise der in den
Selbstverständlich kann jedoch auch ein abweichendes Übersetzungsverhältnis gewählt sein. Diese Drehzahl n2 wird nun mittels eines, in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Fräsgetriebes hin zu einer niedrigeren Drehzahl n3 untersetzt, mit der die Fräswalze 30 rotiert. Bei üblichen Straßenfräsmaschinen beträgt dieses Übersetzungsverhältnis zwischen der höheren Drehzahl n2 und der Fräswalzendrehzahl n3 im Bereich zwischen 10 bis 30.Of course, however, a different transmission ratio can also be selected. This speed n2 is now reduced to a lower speed n3 by means of a milling gear, not shown in the drawing, at which the
Die gleiche Drehzahl n3 mit der die Fräswalze 30 rotiert, steht auch an der Lagerwelle 32 an. Dementsprechend läuft in die Antriebseite des Übersetzungsgetriebes 50 die Drehzahl n3 ein, wie
Das Übersetzungsgetriebe 50 übersetzt nun die Drehzahl n3 zu einer höheren Drehzahl n4, welche an dem Verbindungsstück 54 ansteht. Bei geschlossener Kupplung 55 liegt diese Drehzahl n4 auch an der Tragwelle 56 an, sodass die kinetische Masse 57 mit der höheren Drehzahl n4 rotiert.The
Bei geschlossener Kupplung 55 kann mithin die kinetische Masse 57 über die Kupplung 55 und das Übersetzungsgetriebe 50 an die Fräswalze 30 angekoppelt werden. Die während der Drehbewegung der kinetischen Masse 57 erzeugte Rotationsenergie wird in die Fräswalze 30 eingebracht. Auf diese Weise erhöht sich die kinetische Energie der Fräswalze 30. Dies führt zu einer erhöhten Laufruhe der Fräswalze 30.When the clutch 55 is closed, the
In
Wie
In den vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen fluchtet die Achse, mit der die kinetische Masse 57 rotiert mit der Drehachse der Fräswalze 30. Denkbar ist es jedoch auch, dass diese beiden Drehachsen zueinander parallel beabstandet angeordnet sind. Weiterhin ist es denkbar, dass diese Drehachsen winklig zueinander verlaufen.In the exemplary embodiments described above, the axis with which the
Claims (18)
- Ground working machine (10), in particular a road milling machine, stabiliser or the like, comprising a milling drum (30) which is rotatably mounted on a machine frame (11) and which is or can be equipped on its outer periphery with working tools (31), wherein the working tools (31) are provided to come into contact with the ground to be worked during working operation in order to remove the same,wherein a drive unit (20) is provided which drives the milling drum (30) by means of a drive motor (21),wherein a drive shaft (33) is connected to the milling drum (30) and can be coupled to the drive motor (21),and wherein a ballast element is provided as a kinetic mass (57) for increasing the kinetic energy of the milling drum (30),characterised inthat the kinetic mass (57) can be coupled or uncoupled to or from the rotatable milling drum (30) or to or from a rotational member coupled directly or indirectly to the milling drum (30) via a shiftable coupling (55).
- Ground working machine (10) according to claim 1, characterised in that the drive shaft (33) or a bearing shaft (32) arranged opposite the drive shaft (33), by means of which the milling drum (30) is mounted on a machine frame (11), forms the rotational member.
- Ground working machine (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the kinetic mass (57) is coupled to the rotational member or the milling drum (30) by means of a conversion transmission (50), and that the conversion transmission (50) converts the rotational speed (n2, n3) at which the milling drum (30) or the body of rotation rotates to a higher rotational speed (n4) at which the kinetic mass (57) rotates.
- Ground working machine (10) according to claim 3, characterised in that the bearing shaft (32) or the drive shaft (33) is guided directly to the drive side of the conversion transmission (50) or is guided indirectly to the drive side of the conversion transmission (50) with the interposition of at least one rotary member.
- Ground working machine (10) according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that an output side of the conversion transmission (50) is connected to the kinetic mass (57) via the coupling (55).
- Ground working machine (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the milling drum (30) rotates at a rotational speed (n3) in the range between 30 to 240 rpm and the kinetic mass (57) rotates at a rotational speed (n4) in the range between 60 to 4000 rpm.
- Ground working machine (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the effective moment of inertia of the milling drum (30) has a first value when the coupling (55) is disengaged and that when the coupling (55) is engaged the moment of inertia of the assembly receiving the milling drum (30) and the kinetic mass (57) has a second value, the second value being at least twice as great as the first value.
- Ground working machine (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the moment of inertia of the kinetic mass (57) is greater than or equal to T/i2, where T corresponds to the moment of inertia of the milling drum (30) and i is the speed ratio: rotational speed (n4) kinetic mass (57)/ rotational speed (n3) milling drum (30).
- Ground working machine (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterised in that the conversion ratio of the conversion transmission (50) is variable in at least two ratio steps or steplessly variable.
- Ground working machine (10) according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterised in that the conversion transmission (50) is arranged at least regionally in the installation space enclosed by the milling drum (30), and/or that the conversion transmission (50) is accommodated at least regionally within a milling drum housing (40).
- Ground working machine (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 10, characterised in that the milling drum (30) is accommodated at least partially within a milling drum housing (40), and in that the conversion transmission (50) is mounted or arranged on the milling drum housing (40) outside the interior space accommodating the milling drum (30), preferably on the outside of the milling drum housing (40), particularly preferably on the outside on a side wall (41) of the milling drum housing (40).
- Ground working machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the milling drum (30) in the engaged state of the coupling (55) is coupled to the kinetic mass (57) in such a way that the speed of the milling drum (30) corresponds to the rotational speed (n4) at which the kinetic mass (57) rotates, neglecting slippage of the coupling (55).
- Ground working machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the milling drum (30) in the engaged state of the coupling (55) is coupled to the kinetic mass (57) in such a way that the rotational speed of the milling drum (30) deviates from the rotational speed (n4), at which the kinetic mass (57) rotates, wherein between the milling drum (30), in particular the drive shaft (33), and the kinetic mass (57) a preferably shiftable transmission with one or more shift stages or a stepless transmission is operative.
- Ground working machine (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the drive shaft (33) is guided to a milling transmission (60) which is arranged at least in regions within the installation space enclosed by the milling drum (30), in that the milling transmission (60) is preferably in the form of a planetary transmission, and in that the kinetic mass (57) can preferably be coupled directly to a shaft of the planetary gear carrying a sun gear of the planetary transmission.
- Ground working machine (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the coupling (55) and the kinetic mass (57) are arranged within the installation space enclosed by the milling drum (30).
- Ground working machine (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the kinetic mass (57) is replaceable.
- Ground working machine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the drive motor (21) is connected to the drive shaft (33) via a transmission unit (28), which is preferably designed as an endless revolving belt drive or as a transfer transmission.
- Ground working machine (10) according to claim 17, characterised in that the drive motor (21) drives a pump distribution transmission (23), which is preferably arranged before the transmission unit (28).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102019108759.7A DE102019108759B4 (en) | 2019-04-03 | 2019-04-03 | tillage machine |
Publications (2)
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EP3719202A1 EP3719202A1 (en) | 2020-10-07 |
EP3719202B1 true EP3719202B1 (en) | 2021-09-15 |
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EP20161354.4A Active EP3719202B1 (en) | 2019-04-03 | 2020-03-06 | Soil processing machine |
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US (1) | US11274401B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3719202B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN212052240U (en) |
DE (1) | DE102019108759B4 (en) |
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DE102019108759B4 (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2024-06-20 | Wirtgen Gmbh | tillage machine |
US11111639B2 (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2021-09-07 | Caterpillar Paving Products Inc. | Construction machine with rotor load monitoring |
EP4071303B1 (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2023-06-14 | BOMAG GmbH | Milling box unit |
US11885081B2 (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2024-01-30 | Caterpillar Paving Products Inc. | Milling machine with hydraulically actuated rotor drive transmission |
CN113863106B (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2023-03-14 | 江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司 | Milling device and milling machine |
Family Cites Families (19)
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US508157A (en) | 1893-11-07 | William c | ||
US1104502A (en) | 1911-12-05 | 1914-07-21 | John Hist | Water-ballast land-roller. |
GB191511560A (en) | 1915-08-10 | 1916-11-10 | Naylorgraph Ltd | An Improved Apparatus for Displaying Advertisements, Signs, Notices, Outline Moving Pictures or the iike, or for Communicating Messages or Signaling both during Light and Darkness. |
US1538550A (en) | 1924-12-17 | 1925-05-19 | Buch Mfg Co | Lawn roller |
US2559427A (en) | 1945-11-02 | 1951-07-03 | Hastings George | Detachable road roller |
US3008389A (en) | 1959-04-27 | 1961-11-14 | William L Hicks | Ballasted earth compaction equipment |
US3078730A (en) | 1961-01-06 | 1963-02-26 | Bell Intercontinental Corp | Vibratory device and amplitude adjustment means |
US3238799A (en) * | 1962-07-12 | 1966-03-08 | Tyler Inc W S | Double wedge ring adjustment means |
US4006936A (en) * | 1975-11-06 | 1977-02-08 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Rotary cutter for a road planer |
DE19547698C2 (en) | 1995-12-20 | 2000-08-17 | Wirtgen Gmbh | Device and method for milling hard surfaces, in particular road surfaces |
US5846176A (en) | 1997-04-08 | 1998-12-08 | Zieger; Robert V. | Roller tool for concrete finishing |
DE10031195C1 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-01-10 | Wirtgen Gmbh | Construction machine for working on floor surfaces |
US6755482B2 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2004-06-29 | Surface Preparation Technologies, Inc. | Cutting machine with flywheel gearbox design and method for use |
US7540689B1 (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2009-06-02 | Major Sr William J | Counterweight system |
US8128177B2 (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2012-03-06 | Wirtgen Gmbh | Adaptive advance drive control for milling machine |
DE102014118802B4 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2019-06-19 | Wirtgen Gmbh | working device |
US10480135B2 (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2019-11-19 | Roadtec, Inc. | Cold in-place recycling with heating assembly including a heater for asphalt cement and a heat-modifying component |
CN209307828U (en) | 2018-09-20 | 2019-08-27 | 三一汽车制造有限公司 | Milling and planing drum roller, milling and planing drum and milling machine |
DE102019108759B4 (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2024-06-20 | Wirtgen Gmbh | tillage machine |
-
2019
- 2019-04-03 DE DE102019108759.7A patent/DE102019108759B4/en active Active
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2020
- 2020-03-06 EP EP20161354.4A patent/EP3719202B1/en active Active
- 2020-03-20 US US16/824,774 patent/US11274401B2/en active Active
- 2020-03-27 CN CN202020414684.0U patent/CN212052240U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
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DE102019108759B4 (en) | 2024-06-20 |
CN212052240U (en) | 2020-12-01 |
EP3719202A1 (en) | 2020-10-07 |
CN111794063B (en) | 2022-03-18 |
CN111794063A (en) | 2020-10-20 |
US11274401B2 (en) | 2022-03-15 |
US20200318297A1 (en) | 2020-10-08 |
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