Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
  • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
  • A01N65/44—Poaceae or Gramineae [Grass family], e.g. bamboo, lemon grass or citronella grass
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
  • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
  • A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and a device for trapping acarids, such as dust mites.
• the invention in particular relates to a kit and method to migrate acarids from their population onto a carrier. Background
• the European house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
• the American house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae
• Mites thrive in the environment provided by beds, covers, blankets, pillows, mattresses, carpets, armchairs, cushions, padded pieces used by human, also in places such as in teddy bears, cushions and blankets for dogs, cats and other pets, and homes in general.
• a problem associated with places with living mites is how to reduce allergic reactions, i.e. how to prevent or treat allergic reactions, from which users, humans and pets, may suffer, when coming into contact or in the vicinity of such contaminated places.
• Various sanitation methods are available to remove and/or kill acarids, such as dust mites.
• the most common and simple way of removing acarids consists in vacuuming. This method only removes acarids, but does not kill them and is to some extent dependent on the equipment used, and in particular relies on collection bags, which prevent spreading of acarids, and more important acarid derived allergens.
• not all surfaces containing acarids are amenable to being treated in this way.
• a common drawback in all conventional acarid sanitation methods to date is accessibility in combination with safety and efficacy. Indeed, for instance mattresses usually have a considerable thickness, such that either vacuuming or the application of pesticides may only result in superficial treatment. As dust mites may reside in the core of the mattress, such superficial treatment often proves not to be very efficacious. In recent years, mite attracting agents have been combined with pesticides to at least partially meet the accessibility requirements (JP2000336007). In view of the above, there exists a need to improve sanitation and to provide further methods for efficacious removal of acarids, such as dust mites. In particular, there is a need for methods and products that should be safe for human health, cost- effective, easily applicable as well as safe for the environment.
• terpenes and terpenoids have been documented as acaricide, acaride attractant and acaride repellant depending on the substance and concentration with which they were applied.
• compositions which allow the controlled attraction and migration of acarids.
• these compositions should have long shelf life, high efficacy, safe for human health and the environment and cost-effective.
• the present invention comprises a kit for the controlled migration of acarids, comprising a sheet with an average thickness of at least 1 mm, a unit dosage applicator and an aqueous synergetic composition promoting the non-lethal migration of acarids.
• a synergistic composition is provided to attract acarids in a trap, followed by the removal of the trap and the removal of the trapped acarids if desired.
• the trapping device is composed of a fabric impregnated with a solution that is attractive for acarids.
• the present invention provides a method for efficacious elimination of acarids, such as dust mites.
• the invention relates to a method for attracting and holding acarids, comprising the steps of:
• the aqueous synergistic solution comprises an attractant for the attraction of acarids, wherein said attractant is limonene, one or more attraction enhancers chosen from the group citronellal, linalool, geranyl acetate, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and/or neryl acetate, and an emulsifier, preferably polysorbate.
• the attractant and attractant enhancers are from natural origin, preferably comprising the essential oils of Melissa Officinalis and/or Cymbopogon citratus and/or Cymbopogon fluxuosus citraliferum.
• said object suspected of containing acarids has been subjected to drying prior to contacting said sheet.
• the inventors have unexpectedly found that if for instance a mattress is dried prior to application of the sheet, the amount of trapped acarids is increased.
• the invention relates to a method to eliminate acarids, comprising the steps of:
• this method further comprises the step of washing or freezing said sheet after step ii). Both washing and freezing will result in killing the acarids in a non-toxic way. This method allows for reusing the sheet once the acarids are removed therefrom.
• a method for removing acarids which does not rely on the use of toxic substances, such as acaricides.
• Acarids are attracted to the attracting composition in the sheet, after which the sheet containing the acarids is removed, thereby effectively eliminating the acarids.
• the present method is suitable for use on a variety of objects or surfaces containing acarids, which are more difficult to treat in the conventional way, or on which the use of pesticides is not preferred.
• the acarid attracting composition is non-toxic for humans, but also non-lethal for acarids.
• the non-lethal dose per area of attractant limonene is between 10 2 pL/m 2 and 10 4 pL/m 2 , preferably between 10 2 pl_/m 2 and 10 2 pl_/m 2 .
• the inventors have surprisingly found that these doses are very well suited for attracting acarids, in contrast to higher doses, which are known in the art to repel or even kill acarids.
• the non-lethal dose per area of the essential oils of Melissa Officinalis and/or Cymbopogon citratus and/or Cymbopogon fluxuosus citraliferum is between 10 2 pL/m 2 and 10 4 pL/m 2 , preferably between 10 2 pl_/m 2 and 10 2 pl_/m 2 .
• the inventors have surprisingly found that these doses are very well suited for attracting acarids, in contrast to higher doses, which are known in the art to repel or even kill acarids.
• the invention also relates to a composition
• a composition comprising between 10 2 and 10 2 pL/L, preferably between 10 1 and 10 pL/L, more preferably between 5x10 1 and 5 mI_/I_, and most preferably about 1 pL/L essential oils from Melissa officinalis and/or Cymbopogon citratus and/or Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum, wherein the concentrations preferably refer to the combined concentrations.
• said sheet is a non-woven cloth, preferably felt.
• non-woven cloth preferably felt.
• all kind of non-woven fabrics can be used according to the invention.
• felt has been found to be very well suited for trapping and holding the acarids.
• said sheet comprises at least 10% wool, preferably at least 20% wool.
• the inventors have surprisingly found that a sheet comprising wool improves trapping acarids. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the inventors believe that the texture of wool better allows acarids to attach to and incorporate into the sheet, such that the retention of the acarids is increased.
• said sheet has an average thickness of at least 1 mm, preferably at least 2 mm. In yet another embodiment, said sheet has an average density of between 5 mg/cm 2 and 70 mg/cm 2 , preferably between 15 mg/cm 2 and 50 mg/cm 2 . The inventors have surprisingly realized that a sheet of this thickness and/or density further improves the retention of acarids.
• said sheet has values in the CIELCH color scale of L* ⁇ 50; C*>50; and 240 ⁇ h° ⁇ 300; and is preferably dark blue. Surprisingly, it has been found that in particular darker colors, such as dark blue, attract more acarids than lighter colors.
• the acarids which are to be trapped according to the invention are selected from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae.
• Figure 1 shows the influence of acarids trapping kit on the symptoms of dust mite allergy.
• the terms "one or more” or “at least one”, such as one or more or at least one member(s) of a group of members, is clear per se, by means of further exemplification, the term encompasses inter alia a reference to any one of said members, or to any two or more of said members, such as, e.g., any >3, >4, >5, >6 or >7 etc. of said members, and up to all said members.
• the present invention relates to methods, products, compositions and kits for attracting, trapping, removing and/or eliminating acarids, in particular in a household setting.
• the present invention also relates to the use of such methods, products, compositions and kits for attracting, trapping, removing and/or eliminating acarids, in particular in a household setting.
• the parameter ranges or values as defined herein refer to the average parameter range or value of the sheet, such that also non-uniform parameter ranges or values are envisaged.
• the parameter range or value of the sheet such as thickness, porosity, density, color, as well as concentration of the compositions etc. is substantially uniform.
• these parameters do not vary more than 25%, preferably no more than 10% from the average values.
• the terms "trap” or “hold” in connection with acarids do not necessarily mean that the acarids are irreversibly trapped.
• the acarids which are attracted into the sheet may freely enter and leave the sheet.
• the attracting composition applied to the sheet serves the purpose of attracting as well as retaining or holding the acarids in the sheet.
• acarids refers to a subclass of arachnids that contains mites and ticks, and is also called Acari (or Acarina).
• the acarids belong to the order of Acariformes. More preferably, the acarids belong to the family of Pyroglyphidae. Even more preferably, the acarids belong to the genus Dermatophagoides. Most preferably, the acarids are dust mites or house dust mites. These include the American dust mite and the European dust mite.
• the acarid as used herein is selected from the group consisting of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (the European dust mite) and Dermatophagoides farinae (the American dust mite). It will be understood that, while the terms European and American generally refer to the geographic origin or prevalence of these mites, the preferred mites according to the invention are not geographically restricted, as Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farina are not exclusively confined to Europe or North America.
• felt refers to a non-woven cloth or fabric that is produced by matting, condensing and pressing synthetic and/or non-synthetic fibers.
• essential oil is well known in the art. By means of further guidance, an essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils or aetherolea, or simply as the "oil of” the plant from which they were extracted. Essential oils of Melissa officinalis, Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum are well known in the art, and readily obtainable from a variety of commercial sources.
• Terpenes refers to a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced by a variety of plants and by some insects, including acarids. Terpenes are derived biosynthetically from units of isoprene, which has the molecular formula C5H8. The basic molecular formula of terpenes are multiples of that, (C5H8)n where n is the number of linked isoprene units. This is called the biogenetic isoprene rule or the C5 rule. "Monoterpenes” consist of two isoprene units and have the molecular formula C10H16. “Sesquiterpenes” consist of three isoprene units and have the molecular formula C15H24. Terpenes can be (multi)cyclic.
• terpenoids refers to a diverse class of organic compounds which are similar to terpenes but contain functional groups. Terpenes are hydrocarbons, whereas terpenoids contain additional functional groups. Terpenoids can be multicyclic.
• limonene refers to l-methyl-4-(l-methylethenyl)- cyclohexene.
• Limonene is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce one enantiomer: the principal industrial source, citrus fruit, contains D-limonene ((+)- limonene), which is the (R)-enantiomer (CAS Registry Number: 5989-27-5).
• Limonene as used herein may be D-limonene as well as the racemic mixture.
• pinene refers to a bicyclic monoterpene chemical compound of formula (lS,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene. There are two structural isomers of pinene found in nature: a-pinene (CAS Registry Number: 80-56-8) and b-pinene, both of which are chiral. Pinene as used herein may be a- pinene, b-pinene, or a mixture thereof, such as a 50-50 mixture. Preferably, pinene is a-pinene.
• the term "Citronellal” refers to a monoterpenoid with IUPAC name
• Citronellal 3.7-dimethyloct-6-en-l-al and molecular formula (CioHisO).
• the CAS registry number of Citronellal is 106-23-0.
• Citronellol refers to a monoterpenoid with IUPAC name
• Citronellol 3.7-Dimethyloct-6-en-l-ol and molecular formula (C10H20O).
• the CAS registry number of Citronellol is 106-22-9.
• Linalool refers to two enantiomers of a naturally occurring terpene alcohol with IUPAC name 3,7-dimethyl- l,6-octadien-3-ol.
• the CAS registry number of Linalool is 78-70-6.
• Linalool has a stereogenic center at Cs and therefore there are two stereoisomers: (/?)-(-)-! inaloo! is also known as licareol and (S)-(+)-linalool is also known as coriandrol.
• Linalool as used herein may be licareal, coriandrol or a mixture of both, such as a 50-50 mixture.
• Geranyl acetate refers to a monoterpene with IUPAC name 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-yl acetate and molecular formula (C12H20O2).
• the CAS registry number of Geranyl acetate is 105-87-3.
• Nerol acetate or “Neryl acetate” refers to a monoterpene with IUPAC name (2Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-yl acetate and molecular formula (C12H20O2).
• the CAS registry number of neryl acetate is 141-12-8.
• Nerol refers to a monoterpenoid with IUPAC name (Z)-
• Caryophyllene or "(-)-p-caryophyllene" is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene with IUPAC name ( 1 R,4E,9S)-4, 11, 11-T rimethyl-8- methylidenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene and molecular formula (C15H24).
• the CAS registry number of caryophyllene is 87-44-5.
• the term “Caryophyllene oxide” refers to (1R,6R,10S)-4R,12,12- trimethyl-9-methylene-5-oxatricyclo[8.2.0.04,6]dodecane (CAS registry number: 1139-30-6).
• Caryophyllene oxide is a metabolite of caryophyllene in which the olefin has become an epoxide.
• polysorbate refers to derivatives of polyethoxylated sorbitan esterified with fatty acids, which are well known from the skilled person in the art as emulsifiers.
• polysorbate 20 or “polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate” refers to a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant formed by the ethoxylation of sorbitan before the addition of lauric acid. The ethoxylation process leaves the molecule with 20 repeat units of polyethylene glycol; in practice these are distributed across 4 different chains leading to a commercial product containing a range of chemical species. (CAS Registry Number 9005-64-5)
• the term "citral” refers to 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, also called lemonal (CAS Registry Number: 5392-40-5), and is either of, or a mixture of, a pair of terpenoids with the molecular formula CI O H I 6 0.
• the two compounds are double bond isomers.
• the E-isomer is known as geranial or citral A.
• the Z-isomer is known as neral or citral B.
• Citral as used herein may be neral, geranial or a mixture of both, such as a 50-50 mixture. Citral is known for its acaride repellent and acaricide properties at high concentrations. At low concentrations it is known as an acaride attractant.
• the "reference mortality rate” is a measure of the number of deaths in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time in a reference system.
• this reference system is a system without any unusual influences, including but not limited to, temperature swings, mechanical, chemical or biological treatments.
• F The "treatment mortality rate” is a measure of the number of deaths in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time in a system that is treated with one or several chemical compounds.
• 'non-lethal' refers to a ratio between the treatment mortality rate and the reference mortality rate lower than 5. Treatments or substances that lead to a ratio higher than 5 are called "lethal".
• the term "migration” means causing acarids to move from a place, where they were living, to another place.
• the term "Migrated population” is defined as the ratio of the population in the latter place to the initial population in the former place. In other words the "migrated population” is the fraction of the population that migrated.
• the term "attracting” means directional migration: causing acarids to move from a place, where they were living, to another place, where the source of attraction is located. In one embodiment, the source of attraction is an attracting agent. In one embodiment, attracting does not mean repelling, immobilizing nor killing.
• migration rate or “migration speed” is defined as the distance from the center of the acarid population to the source of attraction divided by the time required for a relative part of the population, preferably 50%, to reach the source of attraction.
• the migration rate can only be used as a quantitative measurement in well controlled experiments. Unless otherwise mentioned, the migration rate will be treated as a qualitative measurement only.
• the present invention relates to methods, products, kits and in particular compositions for attracting, trapping, removing and/or eliminating acarids, in particular in a household setting.
• the present invention also relates to the use of such methods, products, compositions and kits for attracting, trapping, removing and/or eliminating acarids, in particular in a household setting.
• a method for attracting and/or holding acarids comprising the steps of:
• an aqueous synergistic solution comprising a non- lethal dose per area of an aqueous solution of an attractant, wherein said attractant is limonene, several attraction enhancers, preferably citronellal, linalool, geranyl acetate, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and/or neryl acetate, and an emulsifier, preferably polysorbate.
• aqueous synergistic solution comprising a non- lethal dose per area of an aqueous solution of the essential oils of Melissa Officinalis and/or Cymbopogon citratus and/or Cymbopogon fluxuosus citraliferum, preferably Melissa Officinalis and Cymbopogon fluxuosus citraliferum, and an emulsifier, preferably polysorbate.
• a sheet is provided which is to be put on a surface of an object in which acarids live. Before or after placing the sheet on the surface, a composition is applied on the sheet which attracts acarids.
• the sheet After applying the impregnated sheet on the surface, acarids are attracted by the attracting composition, will migrate into the sheet and are thus effectively eliminated from the object.
• the sheet as used herein has interstices and a thickness sufficiently large to hold acarids. To this end, the sheet is to an extent porous, such that acarids can migrate into the sheet.
• the porosity and thickness of the sheet may be varied accordingly, as sizes of acarids may vary depending on the species.
• pore sizes of the sheet may be less than 1 mm up to several mm, such as 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm or more.
• the thickness of the sheet may vary accordingly.
• the thickness may be up to 1 mm or may be more, such as 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm or more.
• the thickness of the sheet is at least about 1 mm. More preferably the thickness of the sheet is between about 1 mm and 5 mm, such as between 1 mm and 4 mm, or between 1 mm and 3 mm.
• the thickness of the sheet is 2 mm or about 2 mm.
• the sheet as applied herein preferably has a density between (about) 5 mg/cm 2 and 70 mg/cm 2 , such as between (about) 10 mg/cm 2 and 60 mg/cm 2 , more preferably between (about) 15 mg/cm 2 and 50 mg/cm 2 .
• the sheet has a density of 20 mg/cm 2 or about 20 mg/cm 2 .
• the sheet has a density of 10 mg/cm 2 or about 10 mg/cm 2 .
• the sheet as used herein has a dark color, such as dark blue.
• Colors can be measured with a variety of techniques known in the art. By means of example, and without limitation, color can be determined based on the parameters brightness, hue and saturation (or chroma). These parameters may individually or collectively be determined according to the CIELCH color scale, wherein L* (lightness, or brightness), C* (chroma or saturation) and h° (hue) are the parameters representing a polar color space.
• L* ⁇ 50 such as L* ⁇ 60, L* ⁇ 70, L* ⁇ 80, or L* ⁇ 90, representing darker colors.
• C*>50 such as C*>60, C*>70, C*>80, or C*>90, representing more intense colors.
• 180 ⁇ h° ⁇ 360 such as 200 ⁇ h° ⁇ 340, 220 ⁇ h° ⁇ 320, or 200 ⁇ h° ⁇ 300, representing blue colors.
• the sheet as used herein is preferably a cloth or fabric, preferably a flexible cloth or fabric. More preferably, the sheet is a non-woven cloth or fabric, such as a flexible non-woven cloth or fabric. In a preferred embodiment, the sheet is felt. Felt is well known in the art. By means of further guidance, as used herein, the term "felt" refers to a non-woven cloth or fabric that is produced by matting, condensing and pressing synthetic and/or non-synthetic fibers.
• the sheet may be completely or partially synthetic. Alternatively, the sheet may be completely or partially made from natural materials.
• the sheet comprises or consists of polyester.
• the sheet comprises or consists of viscose.
• the sheet comprises or consists of wool.
• the sheet comprises at least 10% wool (preferably by weight), such as (about) 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 100% wool.
• the sheet comprises at least (about) 20% wool. More preferably, the sheet comprises at least 30% wool, such as 30% wool or about 30% wool.
• the wool as described herein may be obtained from any animal producing wool, such as without limitation sheep and certain other animals, including cashmere from goats, mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, vicuna, alpaca, camel from animals in the camel family, and angora from rabbits.
• the wool is sheet wool.
• the sheet comprises 30% wool and 70% viscose.
• the sheet as used herein is any sheet, including but not limited to, bedding or bed linen.
• a technical sheet which is a sheet that has been optimized for the attraction of acarids, has obvious advantages for this purpose. As such, several preferred embodiments of the invention specify technical sheets. However, the present invention is not limited to technical sheets. In fact almost any sheet will suffice to attract acarids, albeit with lower efficiency.
• said sheet is a cotton cloth, preferably comprising more than 80% of cotton, more preferably comprising more than 90% of cotton. It should be understood by a skilled person that any sheet commonly used in household for different purposes can be used, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
• the sheet as used herein is a bath towel.
• the sheet as used herein is bed linen.
• the sheet as used herein comprises cotton.
• the sheet comprises 1-sided terry loops.
• the sheet comprises 2-sided terry loops or percale.
• Using readily available sheets, such as bath towels or bed linen offers several advantages. No additional sheets need to be bought. No additional sheets need to be washed. As a result, using available sheets is convenient for the user. Additionally, the kit can be produced, transported and sold without a sheet. As the sheet is the most voluminous part of the kit, using available sheets drastically reduces transport and storage requirements.
• compositions as described herein comprise an essential oil of Melissa officinalis (Lemon balm) and/or an essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass) and/or an essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum (Lemon grass), preferably a mixture of both.
• essential oil is well known in the art.
• an essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants.
• Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils or aetherolea, or simply as the "oil of" the plant from which they were extracted.
• Essential oils of Melissa officinalis, Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum are well known in the art, and readily obtainable from a variety of commercial sources.
• limonene is an acarid attractant
• citronellal, linalool, geranyl acetate, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and/or neryl acetate are attraction enhancers.
• These substances, as well as the essential oils of Melissa officinalis and Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum are referred to as the active components or ingredients of the compositions as described herein.
• the non-lethal dose of attractant and attractant enhancers to be applied to the sheet as described herein is preferably comprises between about 10 2 pL/m 2 and 10 4 pL/m 2 , such as between (about) 10 2 pL/m 2 and 10 3 pL/m 2 , 10 2 pL/m 2 and 10 2 pL/m 2 ,10 2 pL/m 2 and 10 pL/m 2 ,10 2 pL/m 2 and 1 pL/m 2 , 10 1 pL/m 2 and 1 pL/m 2 .
• the dose is between (about) 10 2 pL/m 2 and 10 2 pL/m 2 , more preferably between (about) 5xl0 2 pL/m 2 and 10 pL/m 2 , even more preferably between (about) 5xl0 2 pL/m 2 and 5 pL/m 2 , most preferably between 10 2 pL/m 2 and 1 pL/m 2 , between 5xl0 2 pL/m 2 and 5x10 1 pL/m 2 or between 5xl0 2 pL/m 2 and 1 pL/m 2 .
• the composition described herein comprises of 10 3 and 10 4 ng/pL limonene. Preferably between 10 1 and 10 3 ng/pL limonene. More preferably between 10 1 and 10 2 ng/pL limonene. Most preferably between 10° and 10 2 ng/pL limonene.
• Limonene is the main acarid attractant in the composition. It is relatively stable and has a long shelf life. It leads to a high migration rate even at low concentrations, but too high concentrations lead to repellent and even acaricides effects. As such, high concentrations should be avoided and dosage control is paramount to the invention.
• the attraction enhancer of said composition comprises of 10 3 and 10 4 ng/pL citronellal. Preferably between 10 1 and 10 3 ng/pL citronellal. More preferably between 10 1 and 10 2 ng/pL Citronellal. Most preferably between 10° and 10 2 ng/pL citronellal.
• the attractant enhancer citronellal is replaced by its alcohol citronellol or, preferably, a mix thereof. Citronellal acts as a mild acarid attractant with a slower rate of migration than limonene on its own. When tested with limonene for long contact times, it increased the migrated population to nearly 1, meaning almost full migration.
• the attraction enhancer of said composition comprises of 10 3 and 10 4 ng/pL linalool. Preferably between 10 1 and 10 3 ng/pL linalool. More preferably between 10 1 and 10 2 ng/pL linalool. Most preferably between 10° and 10 2 ng/pL linalool.
• Linalool is a known insecticide against fleas and fruit flies. At low doses, it did not appear to have a significant attracting effect on acarids when used alone. However, a significant increase in the migrated population after a set time was observed when Linalool was combined with Limonene and other attractants.
• the attraction enhancer of said composition comprises of 10 3 and 10 4 ng/pL geranyl acetate. Preferably between 10 1 and 10 3 ng/pL geranyl acetate. More preferably between 10 1 and 10 2 ng/pL geranyl acetate. Most preferably between 10° and 10 2 ng/pL geranyl acetate.
• the geranyl acetate is replaced with its alcohol geraniol or, preferably, a mix thereof.
• the attraction enhancer of said composition comprises of 10 3 and 10 4 ng/pL neryl acetate. Preferably between 10 1 and 10 3 ng/pL neryl acetate. More preferably between 10 1 and 10 2 ng/pL neryl acetate. Most preferably between 10° and 10 2 ng/pL neryl acetate.
• the neryl acetate is replaced with its alcohol nerol or, preferably, a mix thereof. Neryl acetate and nerol have a similar acarid attractant effect as neral and geranyl acetate and geraniol have a similar acarid attractant effect as geranial.
• nerol and neryl acetate aren't active, but act through a chemical equilibrium with neral, where neral is active on acarids. If this is true, nerol and neryl acetate act as a way to have slow, controlled release of citral which is consequently removed by its high volatility. Regardless of the underlying mechanism, it was found that these substances work very well in combination with limonene to achieve fast and almost full migration acarids.
• the main difference between attractant limonene and the attraction enhancers is that, at the doses described herein, the attraction enhancers do not have a significant migration rate when used alone. However, when used in combination with other attractants and attraction enhancers, the migration rate and migrated population was significantly higher than any attractant without enhancers. Increasing attractant concentration did not lead to increased migration, but increasing the amount of attractant enhancers while keeping the concentrations low did have a significant effect on the migration speed and migrated population.
• composition according to claim 1 comprises an emulsifier.
• Said emulsifier disperses the attractant and attraction enhancers in water.
• said emulsifier comprises Polysorbate 20.
• said emulsifier comprises 0.1-100 ng/pL polysorbate 20.
• said emulsifier comprises 1-10 ng/pL polysorbate 20.
• a suitable emulsifier is very important both for production as for application. Without the emulsifier, the dispersion of the aqueous solution is insufficient, leading to high variations in dosages. Too low doses are inactive where as too high doses are acarid repellent.
• said aqueous composition comprises between 10 2 and 10 3 ng/pL essential oils from Melissa officinalis and/or Cymbopogon citratus and/or Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum. More preferably between 10 1 and 10 2 ng/pL essential oils from Melissa officinalis and/or Cymbopogon citratus and/or Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum. More preferably between 1 and 10 ng/pL essential oils from Melissa officinalis and/or Cymbopogon citratus and/or Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum.
• the ratio of the concentrations of the essential oils oils from Melissa officinalis and Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum is preferably between 10: 1 and 1 : 10.
• a synergistic mixture of the essential oils of these plants is ideally suitable for the attraction of acarids, as it contains a wide variety of attractants and attraction enhancers which act together synergistically leading to both high rates of migration and high migrated population after a relatively short time.
• the invention further relates to a kit comprising this composition or container and further a sheet as defined herein, either pre-impregnated with the composition as defined herein or not impregnated.
• the mixture may comprise any ratio of the concerning active ingredients.
• two active ingredients may be present in a composition in a ratio (volume/volume) between about 100: 1 and 1 : 100, for instance (about) 90: 1, 80: 1, 70: 1, 60: 1, 50: 1, 40: 1, 30: 1, 20: 1, 10: 1, 1 : 10, 1 :20, 1 :30, 1 :40, 1 : 50, 1 :60, 1 :70, 1 :80, or 1 :90.
• two active ingredients are present in the composition in a ratio of 10: 1 to 1 : 10.
• Melissa officinalis and Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum may be present in a ratio of about 5: 1 to 1 : 5.
• compositions as described herein may consist entirely of the active ingredients defined herein, may consist essentially of the active ingredients defined herein, or may comprise the active ingredients defined herein.
• the compositions as defined herein may comprise additional ingredients, active or inactive with respect to attracting acarids. Preferably, if the composition comprises additional ingredients, these are neutral with respect to acarids, i.e. these do repulse, or kill acarids.
• a particular suited additional ingredient into the compositions as defined herein is eucalyptol (l,3,3-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo [2.2.2.]octane).
• the method as described herein may further comprise the step of contacting the sheet with an object containing acarids or suspected of containing acarids.
• the sheet may be contacted with such object before or after the application of the acarid attracting composition.
• the objects to be covered include, without limitation beds, covers, blankets, pillows, mattresses, carpets, armchairs, cushions, padded pieces used by human, also objects such as teddy bears, cushions and blankets for dogs, cats and other pets, and homes in general.
• the term contacting normally includes placing the sheet on top of or below said object.
• the sheet may also be wrapped around said object. Usually and preferably, the sheet is in direct contact with said object. It will be understood that depending on the shape and size of the object, the sheet may likewise have a different shape or size.
• One or more sheets may be contacted with an object to be treated.
• the sheet When the composition as described herein is applied to the sheet, the sheet preferably has a relative humidity comprised between about 30% and about 80%, such as between (about) 40-80%, preferably between 50-75% before being placed onto the object containing acarids or suspected of containing acarids.
• the sheet may need to be dried before contacting it with an object to be treated. The drying may be performed passively, such as by passive equilibration with ambient humidity conditions. Alternatively, the drying may be performed actively, such as for instance, without limitation, by applying heat to evaporate excessive moist.
• the concentration of the active ingredients in the compositions as described herein may also be chosen such that application of the required amount of the composition resulting in the required dose per unit area automatically results in the required relative humidity as well.
• the sheet comprising the acarid attracting composition is contacted with an object for at least 0.5 hour or about 0.5 hour, more preferably for at least 1 hour or about 1 hour, even more preferably for at least 2 hour or about 2 hour.
• the sheet may be contacted for (about) 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, 2.25, 2.50, 2.75, 3.00 hours or more.
• the object containing acarids, or suspected of containing acarids which is to be contacted, such as covered, with the sheet comprising the acarid attracting composition may advantageously be dried before contacting with the sheet.
• drying preferably refers to an equilibration with ambient humidity conditions.
• the drying step is thus most beneficial to be applied to objects which may be subject to humid conditions.
• a mattress which has been slept on may be more humid than ambient conditions due to transpiration of the individual sleeping on it.
• the object, in particular a mattress may be dried for several hours. The drying may be performed passively, such as by passive equilibration with ambient humidity conditions.
• the drying may be performed actively, such as for instance, without limitation, by applying heat to evaporate excessive moist.
• the object to be covered with the sheet as described herein may be dried for at least about 1 hour, such as for instance (about) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more hours.
• the object is dried for at least about 3 hours, more preferably for at least about 5 hours, even more preferably for about 7 hours or 7 hours.
• the sheet after being contacted with the object containing the acarids is removed from the object.
• the acarids residing in the sheet are thus effectively removed and eliminated from the object.
• the sheet In order to remove the acarids from the sheet, the sheet may be washed and/or frozen. Both methods result in killing of the acarids.
• the acarids When the sheet is washed, the acarids will also at the same time be removed from the sheet during the washing process. Any conventional washing process may be applied, such as for instance in a washing machine. Detergent may or may not be added during the washing process. Preferably detergent is added, as such aids in killing the acarids. It will be understood that the skilled person may determine the washing conditions according to the composition of the sheet, as for instance certain fabrics do not tolerate washing at high temperatures, while others do not tolerate certain types of detergent.
• Freezing the sheet can be performed by subjecting the sheet to temperatures below 0°C, preferably below about -10°C, such as below (about) -15°C or -20°C.
• the sheet is frozen for at least about 0.50 hour, such as (about) 0.50, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, 2.25, 2.50, 2.75, 3.00, or more hours.
• the sheet may be thawed, after which the dead acarids may be removed for instance mechanically, such as by shaking the sheet. Additionally, the sheet may be washed, as described before.
• the invention further relates to a sheet as described herein, having interstices sufficiently large and a thickness sufficiently large to hold acarids, comprising a non- lethal dose per area of citral, limonene, and/or pinene, preferably all, whereby said non-lethal dose per area attracts acarids.
• the sheet does not contain toxic substances, such as pesticides or acaricides, or at least does not contain such components in amounts sufficient to kill acarids.
• the invention further relates to a kit comprising a sheet as described herein and/or a composition as described herein.
• kit may thus comprise a sheet already impregnated with the composition as described herein, at a dose as described herein.
• the sheet may not yet be impregnated with the composition as described herein.
• the composition may be additionally provided in the kit.
• the kit may comprise instructions for applying the composition onto the sheet and/or instructions for use, such as for applying the sheet on an object containing or suspected of containing acarids.
• Such instructions may include the dose to be applied, for instance the dose per are, but may also include, in addition or in the alternative guidance regarding the application of the composition, such as for instance guidance relating to the distance from which the composition needs to be sprayed onto the sheet.
• the instructions may further, or in the alternative comprise information regarding the time the sheet needs to be placed on the object to be treated, the drying time of the object before which the sheet is contacted with the objects, and/or the drying time or required relative humidity of the sheet before contacting it with the object to be treated.
• compositions according to the invention as described herein may be provided in a container, for instance a dispenser or an applicator such as a spray.
• a dispenser or an applicator such as a spray.
• the applicator may be configured for continuous release of the composition, such that the user can determine the released amount of the composition for instance by continuously spraying during a specific time.
• the applicator may be a unit dose applicator, such that the released amount of the composition is predetermined, i.e. the applicator or dispenser releases a discrete unitary dose per application.
• the disperser device can be a manual atomizer with a spray nozzle control that provides a defined quantity of attractive solution by unit of surface of the fabric.
• the distance between the dispenser and the target area may impact on the size of the area covered.
• the spray may widen proportionally with the distance from the nozzle to cover a larger area, when the distance from the target increases, i.e. the further the distance between the dispenser and the target area, the larger the target area will become.
• the dispenser may need to be positioned at a predetermined distance from the target area, such that, taking into account the widening of the spray (e.g.
• the spray widens as a cone), and hence diluting over distance the amount of the composition per area, the preset dose per area is met.
• the dispenser releases a unit dose containing the amount of active ingredient needed to cover 200 cm 2 , then the dispenser needs to be placed at a distance from the target such that 200 cm 2 is covered.
• the dispenser or applicator as described herein may comprise either one or a combination of the active ingredients as described herein, either in diluted or undiluted form.
• the dispenser may contain an aqueous composition comprising between 10 2 and 10 3 ng/pL essential oils from Melissa officinalis and/or Cymbopogon citratus and/or Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum. More preferably between 10 1 and 10 2 ng/pL essential oils from Melissa officinalis and/or Cymbopogon citratus and/or
• Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum More preferably between 1 and 10 ng/pL essential oils from Melissa officinalis and/or Cymbopogon citratus and/or
• the dispenser is adapted to release a non-lethal dose for acarids of said active ingredients per unit area.
• the unit dosage applicator comprises the container of said aqueous composition.
• this container is interchangeable in relation to the other unit dosage applicator parts.
• said container is non-permeable for all compounds in said aqueous composition. More preferably the container is sealed and has to be opened before use. More preferably both the container and the lid are aluminum.
• the impermeability of the container is key to the shelflife of the invention.
• the majority of the active substances are highly volatile compounds. Production of a composition as claimed herein, as well as transport and storage of both ingredients and products needs to take the high volatility of compounds into account.
• the essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum contains large amounts of citral. Shelf life tests of a particularly preferred embodiment of said composition comprising the essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum showed that no citral was present.
• the composition comprising the essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum without citral was more effective at attracting and promoting migration in acarids, thus proving citral is neither a needed nor a desired component in this synergistic composition.
• Example 1 Physical and chemical factors affecting the choice of mites Aim of the experiments: All experiments are tests of binary choice aiming to determine the preference of mites and the place where they prefer to stay (at least for 30 min).
• the pieces of felts were 70 mg/cm 2 , their thickness was 2 mm.
• One felt is the control (control felt); the other felt is the felt with the tested item, for instance the felt that is impregnated with a chemical compound that is tested.
• Mites move spontaneously towards one of the two felts.
• the number of mites that prefer to go to one side or another was counted and the distribution of these data was compared to a situation where mites have the choice between two identical pieces of felts (Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests).
• the control piece of felt was at 40% RH (20° C, the conditions of the laboratory).
• the tested felts were at 40, 75, 85 and 100% humidity.
• To obtain felts at 75 and 85% humidity, the felts were placed, for at least one hour, in a room containing a radio-electronic humidifier (Brown B500, accuracy ⁇ 2 ° HR) humidifying the atmosphere at 75 and 85% respectively.
• the humidity of the room was regularly controlled with a thermohygrometer (Oregon).
• To obtain tested felts at 100% RH felts were simply soaked in water.
• Nb number
• Stat diff statistically differentNS: not significant
• HR relative humidity
• Type of dust mites the studied species are Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the most common house dust mites in mattresses in Eurasia.
• a piece of sheet of different density (10 cm x 20 cm rectangle) is placed on mini mattresses (polyurethane; scale: 15X smaller than the usual mattresses) that have been 3 months preinfested with dust mites.
• the attractive solution is then sprayed onto the sheet.
• the sheet is left on the mattress for one hour. During that time, the dust mites migrate in the sheet.
• the number of mites in the sheet and the mattress are then counted. Therefore, the experimenter retrieve the mites in the sheet/mattress by exposing it on a heating plate at 40°C during 30 minutes (Bischoff's method), so the mites will go up and will be stuck on a black sticky paper placed on the top of the device. Counts are done 1 hour after the treatment and the exposure of the cover onto the infested simulated mattress.
• Table 3 Effect of sheet density on acarid attractant effect of essential oil mixtures, determined in Trapping cover test.
• Nb number
• Diff stat statistically different
• NS not significant
• the mites preferably migrated towards the blue felt. In combination with citral, a migration of 84% of the mites toward the blue felt was obtained.
• Type of dust mites the studied species are Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the most common house dust mites in mattresses in Eurasia.
• a piece of sheet of different density (10 cm x 20 cm rectangle) is placed on mini mattresses (polyurethane; scale: 15X smaller than the usual mattresses) that have been 3 months preinfested with dust mites.
• the attractive solution is then sprayed onto the sheet.
• the sheet is left on the mattress for one hour. During that time, the dust mites migrate in the sheet.
• the number of mites in the sheet and the mattress are then counted. Therefore, the experimenter retrieve the mites in the sheet/mattress by exposing it on a heating plate at 40°C during 30 minutes (Bischoff's method), so the mites will go up and will be stuck on a black sticky paper placed on the top of the device. Counts are done 1 hour after the treatment and the exposure of the cover onto the infested simulated mattress.
• Table 5 Effect of sheet color on acarid attractant effect of essential oil mixtures, determined in Trapping cover test.
• Type of dust mites the studied species are Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the most common house dust mites in mattresses in Eurasia.
• a used bed linen is placed on the infested simulated mattress (polyurethane; scale: 15X smaller than the usual mattresses) that have been 1 month preinfested with dust mites.
• the attractive solution is then sprayed onto the sheet.
• the sheet is left on the mattress for one hour.
• the dust mites migrate in the sheet.
• the number of mites in the sheet and the mattress are then counted. Therefore, the experimenter retrieve the mites in the sheet/mattress by exposing it on a heating plate at 40°C during 30 minutes (Bischoff's method), so the mites will go up and will be stuck on a black sticky paper placed on the top of the device. Counts are done 1 hour after the treatment and the exposure of the cover onto the infested simulated mattress.
• Type of dust mites the studied species are Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the most common house dust mites in mattresses in Eurasia.
• the experimenter retrieve the mites in the sheet/mattress by exposing it on a heating plate at 40°C during 30 minutes (Bischoff's method), so the mites will go up and will be stuck on a black sticky paper placed on the top of the device. Counts are done 1 hour after the treatment and the exposure of the cover onto the infested simulated mattress.
• Table 7 Effect of exposure time on acarid attractant effect of essential oil mixture applied on the provided towel as described in the standard "trapping cover test".
• the trial has proved that a 1-hour time of contact between the cover and a mattress containing mites is necessary to trap 90% of the mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.
• Nb number
• Stat diff statistically different
• NS not significant
• Dil dilution
• the mattresses were built at a smaller scale (15X reduction) than usual mattresses. These mini-mattresses are made in polyurethane and covered by a cover in cotton (100% of cotton). They were infested with mites since at least 3 months.
• the fabric was a felt of 20 mg/cm 2 and is a rectangle of 10 cm x 20 cm. It was placed on the mini-mattress. Then the attractive solution was sprayed on the fabric with a spray bottle. The fabric was left in place on the mattress. During this time, the mites moved in the felt.
• a Berlese funnel which is a device that is usually used to separate insects from litter. Here, we used it to separate the mites form their mattress or from the fabric.
• the Berlese funnel uses a light bulb to heat and dry the mattress, thus driving the mites downwards through a screen and into a collecting jar containing some food and some water.
• Dust mites do not like light or excessive heat. They are attracted by a source of moisture and the smell of food. We therefore placed the mattress or blanket in the funnel ( Figure 2). The mites go downwards in the direction of the jar, then in the jar. The harvest of the jar containing the mites takes place after one day. Mites had then 24 hours to migrate to the jar collector.
• the jar contained: the food used as attractive to mites, a small amount of water also used for attractive, mites, and ethanol.
• the jar was emptied into a Petri dish and we counted mites under binocular. Counting of mites were made under binocular microscope (magnification 10*).
• the set-up is illuminated with a cold lamp (KL 1500 LCD, Schott ®).
• the felt was sprayed with different combination of different attractive solutions: a solution of citral, a solution of citral + limonene. Then, tests were performed with two essential oils Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum and Melissa officinalis. These two oils contain citral, limonene, citronellal, linalool, geranyl acetate, geraniol, neryl acetate, nerol, caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide.
• the main chemical components of Melissa officinal oil are trans-ocimene, cis- ocimene, 3-octanone, methyl hepenone, cis-3-hexenol, 3-octanol, l-octen-3-ol, copaene, citronellal, linalool, b-bourbonene, caryophyllene, a-humulene, neral, germacrene-D, geranial, geranyl acetate, d-cadinene, y-cadinene, nerol and geraniol.
• Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum oil The main compounds of Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum oil are alcohols (citronellol, geraniol) and aldehydes (15% geranial, 10% neral, 5% citronellal).
• the exposure time meaning the period of time during the fabric is placed on the mattress, must be sufficient to let the place with living mites dry. Two different exposure times were tested (2h, lh). The fabric is more efficient when it is placed on the mattress 2 hours than for 1 hour.
• Results The results are presented in Table 5.
• the most efficient attractive solution is composed of Melissa officinalis, Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum, at a combined concentration of 0.000001 pL/pL, which equals 1 pL/L (in a 1 : 1 ratio). It is most efficient when the mattress is dried during 7 hours and the fabric is laid during 1 or 2 hours.
• An efficient quantity of solution that is sprayed can be 2 or 3 ml.
• Example 3 Shelf life and storage of the aqueous solution
• Finding an appropriate storage material Verifying the presence of volatile attractive molecules in fresh solutions (freshly produced, 1 day old) and stored solutions (8- 12 months). Determining the quantity of those attractive molecules in said solutions, and thus allowing to follow said solutions' chemical profiles within time.
• Bottle material test Two types of 100-ml bottles were tested. A plastic and an aluminum bottle were produced (20 bottles for each material). The bottles were stored 1 month, and then tested for the presence of citral.
• GC-MS gas chromatography
• the essential oils were extracted from 25ml of said bottled solution using 2ml of n-hexane (LC-MS or HPLC grade).
• LC-MS n-hexane
• a sample of ( 1 pi) of the n-hexane extract was injected in the GC-MS equipped with a mass detector and using an OPTIMA-5MS capillary column (30m, 0,25mm I.D., 0,25mm film thickness).
• Programmed temperature elution was employed with an initial temperature of 40°C, then ramped to 280°C at 8°C/min and held at 280°C for 5 min.
• Helium was used as the carrier gas.
• Electron impact ionization was performed using an electron energy of 70eV and a mass range of 40- 800 m/z.
• Bottle material test These short term tests showed no significant difference between the plastic or aluminum bottles (Table ). Citral was present in each sample analysed.
• the fabric When the dust mites are in the fabric, to eliminate mites, the fabric is then placed in the washing machine. All mites were killed by water temperatures 55 ° C or greater (Me Donald & Tovey 1992, Andersen & Roesen 1998). According to other authors, it is possible to achieve mite control in delicate garments by washing at low temperature in the presence of a mite control additive providing a final concentration of 0.03% benzyl benzoate (Bischoff et al 1998). After washing, when the fabric is dry, it can again be placed on another places with living mites, the fabric can be impregnated with the attractive solution by means of the disperser device and can be used once again to trap dust mites (Colloff 2009).
• Example 2 was repeated with mite species Dermatophagoides farinae. The results are presented in Table . Table 11 : Effects on Dermatophagoides farinae
• compositions and methods according to the invention are also suitable for attracting and trapping Dermatophagoides farinae.
• Sheets of 200 cm 2 were infested with 30 mites. After infestation, the sheets were submitted to three different treatments (10 sheets per treatment):
• the sheets were submersed in a solution saturated with NaCI and shaken to remove the mites from the sheet. Due to the difference in density between the mites and the NaCI solution, the mites float on the surface and become concentrated, which allows easy extraction.
• a kit as described herein was sent by the post mail to 23 allergic patients.
• This kit included a textile support, a spray and instructions for use.
• the spray comprised an aqueous solution of 3.5 ng/pL essential oil from Melissa officinalis, 3.6 ng/pL essential oil from Cymbopogon flexuosus citraliferum and 5 ng/pL polysorbate 20.
• the modus operandi was to put a textile support on the mattress, to spray an attractive solution on the textile, and, when the attracted mites were in the textile, to kill them by putting it and washing it in the washing machine with some soap. After the first use, it was strongly recommended to vacuum the mattress one time to eliminate the allergens left by mites. The users had enough attractive solution as to make 8 or 9 tests.
• the textile support was one size, sufficient to cover the surface of a single bed. When the patients were allergic adults, we sent them two textile supports to cover the entire surface of a double bed.
• the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and that some modifications or changes may be added to the examples described, without revaluing the appended claims.
• the sheet used in the kit of the invention can be any suitable cloth commonly used in household, of any color and material composition, and as such it can be used in the kit of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

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• 2018
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