EP3642392A1 - Co2-electrolyseur - Google Patents
Co2-electrolyseurInfo
- Publication number
- EP3642392A1 EP3642392A1 EP18739749.2A EP18739749A EP3642392A1 EP 3642392 A1 EP3642392 A1 EP 3642392A1 EP 18739749 A EP18739749 A EP 18739749A EP 3642392 A1 EP3642392 A1 EP 3642392A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- space
- catholyte
- anolyte
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/25—Reduction
Definitions
- C02 electrolyzer The invention relates to a CO 2 electrolyzer according to claim 1 and to a method for operating a CO 2 electrolyzer according to claim 4.
- a CO 2 electrolyzer ie an electrolyzer in which at least partially CO2 is introduced as educt gas, is suitable for various products based on carbon dioxide, for example carbon monoxide or organic products containing carbon and hydrogen.
- the use of an electrolyzer Ver ⁇ is particularly useful when excess electrical power is available in a power supply system, and therefore chemical substances value to be generated by this excess electrical energy.
- a concept for C02 electrolysers is based on an aqueous electrolyte with dissolved electrolyte salt, which is passed through electrolysis cells with a separating membrane.
- the cathode-side portion of the electrolyte is called catholyte, the anode-side corresponding to anolyte.
- the cathode is designed as a gas diffusion electrode so that a sufficiently good contact between a gas phase, which comprises the educt gases and the catholyte can be applied.
- the gas is lead behind the gas diffusion electrode along ge ⁇ , so that a product gas at the end of the electrolysis cell is ge ⁇ gained without it in direct contact with the
- the object of the invention is to provide a C02-electric lyseur and a method of operating a C02 electrical lyseurs, in which over the prior art considerably less carbon dioxide, which is passed as feed gas a ⁇ is lost in the process.
- the solution of the problem consists in a C02 electrolyzer according to claim 1 and a method for operating a CO 2 electrolyzer according to claim 4.
- the inventive C02 electrolyzer according to claim 1 has a gas space adjacent to a cathode, which is formed as a gas diffusion electrode ,
- the gas diffusion ⁇ electrode in turn adjoins a cathode compartment, further comprising the electrolyzer an anode compartment and an anode.
- the cathode compartment and the anode compartment are separated by a membrane.
- the cathode compartment is adapted to receive so-called egg ⁇ NEN catholyte, the anode compartment, however, is provided for receiving an anolyte.
- Katholyt and Anolyt are hereafter generally referred to as electrolytes.
- the mixing container has a gas separation region sealed off from an atmosphere, and that a connection line is provided between the gas separation region of the mixing container and the gas space.
- gas diffusion electrode means an electrode at the three states of aggregation namely solid, liquid and gaseous in contact with each other.
- the solid phase is formed by a catalyst (preferably applied to the electrode surface), which catalyzes an electrochemical reaction between the liquid (usually the electrolyte) and the gaseous phase (usually the educt gas).
- the educt gas is a gas which contains at least partially carbon dioxide, and at least partially at the gas diffusion electrode to a valuable material, the product is converted.
- the catholyte and the anolyte are liquids, usually on an aqueous basis, in which so-called conductive salts are dissolved.
- the gas separation region is part of the mixing container, it serves to ⁇ outgas in the anolyte and in the catholyte dissolved gases out of the liquid and preferably above the
- Gas separation area is compared to an atmosphere that is opposite to the room in which the electrolyzer is set up. Ie. it may be substantially (apart from leakage) no gas freely expressed from the Gasabscheide Scheme in the atmosphere or otherwise escape into the ambient air ⁇ . Purposefully attached supply and discharge lines as well as safety devices such as pressure relief valves are excluded from the atmosphere.
- gas, especially carbon dioxide which escapes from the catholyte and the anolyte or from a mixture of these two liquid electrolytes, can be separated or separated and via a connecting line back to the gas space in particular as educt gas can be supplied.
- both the catholyte and the anolyte as conducting salts only have a low concentra ⁇ tion of salts, the bicarbonate ions,
- Carbonate ions or hydroxide ions This is expedient, therefore, since the said ions tend to absorb the Kohlendi ⁇ oxide and store chemically bound in the catholyte or anolyte.
- these said ions of preferably less than 20% of the total concentration of negative charge carriers in the anolyte and / or catholyte, more preferably less than 10%, the absorption of carbon dioxide can be verrin ⁇ Gert the anolyte or catholyte, which also improves the efficiency of the electrolyzer and also makes the separation in the gas separation and the collection of carbon dioxide in the gas separation more efficient.
- a feed device for the reactant gas is provided on the mixing container and a feed of the educt gas into the gas space takes place at least partially through the mixing container.
- a further component of the invention is a method for operating a carbon dioxide electrolyzer according to claim 4.
- This method is based on the fact that the electrolyzer has a cathode, which is designed in the form of a gas diffusion electrode and which adjoins a cathode compartment.
- the cathode space is flowed through by a catholyte, wherein the cathode space is separated from a membrane to an anode space.
- An anolyte is in turn passed through the anode space and an anode is arranged in or on the anode space.
- a reactant gas is in one of the Gasdiffusionselekt ⁇ rode adjoining gas space introduced containing Koh ⁇ dioxide.
- the catholyte and the anolyte after flowing through the anode chamber or the cathode chamber, are brought into a mixing container, where they at least partially mix and thereby balance their concentration. From this mixture of the liquid anolyte and catholyte a carbon dioxide-containing gas is developed, which in turn is fed as part of the educt gas to the gas space.
- a lower operating pressure leads to a lower solution of carbon dioxide in the electric ⁇ LYTEN, so in the catholyte or anolyte, which increases the yield of product gases.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a CO 2 electrolysis plant in which separated carbon dioxide-containing gas from a mixing vessel is supplied to the gas space, and
- FIG 2 shows an electrolyzer according to Figure 1, wherein reactant gas is passed through the mixing container in the gas space of the electrolyzer.
- an electrolyzer 2 is shown, this has in the central region of a gas space 4, which is bordered ⁇ by a gas diffusion electrode 7, which here also forms the cathode 6.
- the boundary surface which forms the gas diffusion electrode 7 is formed towards a cathode space 8, the cathode space 8 in turn being separated on a further side from a membrane 13 with respect to an anode space 12.
- an anode 10 is arranged in or on the anode compartment 12. Both the cathode space 8 and the anode space 10 are flowed through by an electrolyte in liquid form.
- the electrolyte flows through the cathode space is, as a catholyte be distinguished ⁇ , according to the electrolyte which flows through the anode chamber is called the anolyte.
- the electrolytes which flow out of the anode chamber 12 and the cathode chamber 8 are conducted via an electrolyte line 17, 17 ⁇ to a mixing container 20.
- the mixing container 20 (at least partial amounts) of the anolyte 15 and the catholyte 14 are mixed to a mixture 21, which leads to a concentration balance of the ions contained in the individual electrolytes. Basically, it depends on the current process control and the resulting need for concentration compensation, whether the electrolyte is completely or only partially merged into the mixing vessel.
- a C0 2 ⁇ containing gas 23 is developed, consisting of the mixture of anolyte 15 and
- Katholyt 14 forms.
- This C0 2 -containing gas 23 originates from the gas which has passed through the gas diffusion electrode 7 into the catholyte and possibly also via the membrane 13 into the anolyte.
- This gas 23 collects in a gas separation area 24 in the mixing tank 21. This gas separation area 24 is closed to an atmosphere 22.
- the electrolyzer 2 according to Figure 2 differs from the electrolyser 2 of Figure 1 in that the feed device 16 of the educt gas, 18 is designed such that the Zumoni ⁇ tion of the feed gas takes place by the mixing vessel 20 18, and the feed gas 18 by the Gasabscheide Scheme 24 is led and over another supply line 26, which then now
- anolyte and catholyte can in principle be realized only with great technical effort, since a transport of ions through the membrane must be possible. This transport is ion selective. In addition to the ions, water can also pass through the membrane, which leads to a concentration or dilution of the electrolyte flows. Accordingly, separate circulations of anolyte and catholyte within the periphery would cause their compositions to diverge resulting in undesirable effects, such as spillages. As a higher electrolysis or over-salination with solid precipitation, would lead. For this reason, anolyte 15 and catholyte 14 are at least partially mixed in the mixing container 20.
- anolyte 15 and catholyte 14 are shown in Figures 1 and 2, which is not necessarily the case. In principle, it may also be sufficient to mix smaller amounts or proportions of the anolyte 15 and of the catholyte 14 per pass with one another in order to ensure concentration equalization.
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 there is a point at which accumulated carbon dioxide can escape from the electrolyte, ie, the catholyte 15 or the anolyte 14, and that is the separation vessel 29, on the anode gas 30 can be discharged.
- the gas deposited there may also be rich in CO 2 and can likewise be returned to the gas space 4, but this would require separation from the oxidizing gas, usually oxygen, which is also present in the anode gas. This approach is not ⁇ provides Darge at this point.
- Conducting salt is called. Since the resulting ionic speci ⁇ it take over the charge transport through the fluid during electrolysis, this electrolyte salt in the electrolyte is, whether anolyte or catholyte 15 14 of importance. In principle, all substances which form ions in dissolved form come into question as conducting salt. Strong electrolytes are preferred here since they dissociate virtually completely and thus produce a maximum amount of ionic species per charged amount of conductive salt.
- Typical candidates for conducting salts are the salts of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, the mineral acids z. For example, potassium sulfate, calcium chloride or sodium nitrate. However, it is also possible to use salts of phosphoric acid and carbonic acid. Mixtures of different salts are also particularly advantageous since higher solubilities and, consequently, higher conductivities are possible. An electrolyte salt could thus z. B. consist of a mixture of potassium bicarbonate and potassium sulfate.
- Conducting salts which contain CO 2 or can bind chemically are generally not advantageous. This can lead to as ⁇ that chemically bound carbon dioxide and passes to the Ano ⁇ denraum 12 is released there due to a caused by the anode reaction pH change again.
- These are carbonates, bicarbonates and hydroxides. Carbonates and hydroxides can react with CO 2 to form bicarbonate.
- a similar also undesirable transport effect can be caused by physically dissolved carbon dioxide, which is particularly at high operating pressures in the electrolysis occurs. If the anolyte 15 practically physically dissolved CO 2 accommodated in the Ano ⁇ denraum, this tends inevitably to pass into the gas phase.
- Suitable measures for this purpose are the above-described compositions of the conductive salt. It is advantageous that the proportion of bicarbonate is as low as possible. This also applies to carbonates and hydroxides, since these are converted under the typical conditions of a C0 2 -Elektrolyseurs in Hydro ⁇ gencarbonat. It has been found that a maximum concentration of negative charge carriers in the conducting salt of a summary fraction of
- Hydrogencarbonationen, carbonate ions, hydroxide ions should be less than 20%, preferably less than 10%. Furthermore, the operating pressure is as low as possible, otherwise a significant proportion of carbon dioxide is physically dissolved in the electrolyte and thus enters the anode area and is released again.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017212278.1A DE102017212278A1 (de) | 2017-07-18 | 2017-07-18 | CO2-Elektrolyseur |
PCT/EP2018/067028 WO2019015919A1 (de) | 2017-07-18 | 2018-06-26 | Co2-elektrolyseur |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3642392A1 true EP3642392A1 (de) | 2020-04-29 |
Family
ID=62874852
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18739749.2A Withdrawn EP3642392A1 (de) | 2017-07-18 | 2018-06-26 | Co2-electrolyseur |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20200149170A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3642392A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN110914478A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2018302325A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017212278A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019015919A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102019216601A1 (de) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-04-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrolyseur zur Kohlenstoffdioxidreduktion |
DE102019217121A1 (de) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrolyseanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Elektrolyseanlage zur elektrochemischen Nutzung von Kohlenstoffdioxid |
JP7297710B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-23 | 2023-06-26 | 株式会社東芝 | 二酸化炭素反応装置 |
CN111575726B (zh) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-10-01 | 上海科技大学 | 一种用于二氧化碳的电化学还原的电化学反应器 |
DE102020004630A1 (de) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-03 | Linde Gmbh | Druckhaltung in einer Elektrolyseanlage |
JP7145264B1 (ja) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-09-30 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 二酸化炭素処理装置、二酸化炭素処理方法及び炭素化合物の製造方法 |
CN113828126A (zh) * | 2021-10-14 | 2021-12-24 | 马鹏飞 | 一种电解装置及co2消纳*** |
CN114645290B (zh) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-06-30 | 东南大学 | 一种co2捕集与电再生同步转化***及方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008124538A1 (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-16 | New Sky Energy, Inc. | Electrochemical system, apparatus, and method to generate renewable hydrogen and sequester carbon dioxide |
WO2012077198A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-08 | 2012-06-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料製造システム |
DE102015201132A1 (de) * | 2015-01-23 | 2016-07-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Elektrolysesystem zur Kohlenstoffdioxid-Verwertung |
DE102015212504A1 (de) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrolysesystem und Reduktionsverfahren zur elektrochemischen Kohlenstoffdioxid-Verwertung, Alkalicarbonat- und Alkalihydrogencarbonaterzeugung |
DE102015215309A1 (de) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Präparationstechnik von kohlenwasserstoffselektiven Gasdiffusionselektroden basierend auf Cu-haltigen-Katalysatoren |
-
2017
- 2017-07-18 DE DE102017212278.1A patent/DE102017212278A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-06-26 CN CN201880047166.5A patent/CN110914478A/zh active Pending
- 2018-06-26 AU AU2018302325A patent/AU2018302325A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-06-26 US US16/631,600 patent/US20200149170A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-06-26 EP EP18739749.2A patent/EP3642392A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-06-26 WO PCT/EP2018/067028 patent/WO2019015919A1/de unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2018302325A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 |
CN110914478A (zh) | 2020-03-24 |
DE102017212278A1 (de) | 2019-01-24 |
WO2019015919A1 (de) | 2019-01-24 |
US20200149170A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
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Inventor name: MELTZER, KATHARINA Inventor name: KRAUSE, RALF Inventor name: MAGORI, ERHARD Inventor name: FERNANDEZ SANCHIS, ELVIRA MARIA Inventor name: HANEBUTH, MARC |
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