EP3638491A1 - Method for producing a composite material part, and composite part obtained - Google Patents

Method for producing a composite material part, and composite part obtained

Info

Publication number
EP3638491A1
EP3638491A1 EP18748967.9A EP18748967A EP3638491A1 EP 3638491 A1 EP3638491 A1 EP 3638491A1 EP 18748967 A EP18748967 A EP 18748967A EP 3638491 A1 EP3638491 A1 EP 3638491A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
coils
around
coil
windings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP18748967.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Guy Valembois
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Conseil et Technique SAS
Original Assignee
Conseil et Technique SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Conseil et Technique SAS filed Critical Conseil et Technique SAS
Publication of EP3638491A1 publication Critical patent/EP3638491A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
    • B29C70/222—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure the structure being shaped to form a three dimensional configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B29C70/205—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/32—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
    • B29C70/525—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/86—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/0809—Fabrics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of composite material parts, comprising a thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix reinforced with fibers, such as, without limitation, fittings.
  • fiber all the forms in which the reinforcing fibers may be presented, and in particular, but not exclusively, reinforcing strands, ribbons or cords of fibers.
  • Such composite material parts such as those described in documents DE 29 45 469, FR 3032144, DE 102010025940 and WO 2015/066407 for example, have a lattice structure obtained by winding fibers impregnated with resin on a frame of which protruding studs, so as to allow to walk and stretch the fibers between said pads to orient them preferentially according to the directions of stress.
  • the fibers extend in substantially parallel or perfectly parallel planes, as in document WO 2015/066407, with the result that the lattice structure obtained can not respond optimally to solicitations exercised in directions other than those parallel to those plans.
  • the reinforcing fibers have shown their effectiveness in the ability to achieve mechanical structures both resistant and light. This efficiency is due to the fact that the bars constituting the lattice are stressed in tension or compression, stresses particularly suited to present uniform stresses in the straight sections of the bars.
  • the compressive strength of the fibers is more modest than the tensile strength thereof, particularly because of the problem buckling of the fibers in compression, global or local buckling of the fibers.
  • the fibers are arranged in a lattice shape in a first preform, which is compacted to form a second moldable preform.
  • the compaction phase induces the non-straightness of the bars forming the lattice.
  • the crushing of these bars in their end creates complex shapes to induce parasitic stresses in the bars.
  • the fibers are either overstretched, which causes significant internal stresses in the final part, or underlying what generates their pleating.
  • the fibers In order to be able to apply thin fibers in compression, the following three conditions must be respected: that the fibers be perfectly rectilinear, that they be locked in their deformation or displacement transverse (e) to their main direction, and that the introduction the mechanical action in the fibers is done without introducing any unwanted stress.
  • the compression of the fibers tends to separate the knot.
  • the curved shape of the fiber due to the crossing thereof promotes the local bending of the fiber placed in compression and thus the overall buckling of the fiber.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the various aforementioned drawbacks, by proposing a method of producing a composite material part, and more particularly of producing the lattice structure of a piece of material composite, respecting the three conditions previously defined, and the resulting part, so that the latter has a mechanical strength in compression.
  • the method of producing a composite material part consists of adding a thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix around a preform consisting of a reinforcement fiber mesh made by filament winding around the pins or the like. a chassis, and it is characterized in that it consists in winding the fibers further on one or more coils internal to the matrix, the axes of said pins or the like and those of said one or more coils, being of different orientations, so as to confer on said fiber lattice a three-dimensional shape.
  • windings are made between pairs of internal coils to form bars constituting the lattice structure.
  • the windings between two coils of a pair of coils are made by passing one side or the other of the one and / or the other coil, so that to create, within the bar which connects said two coils, at least one cross fiber.
  • one or more complete windings are made around the coil.
  • one or more complete consolidation windings are made around the coil between the fibers which form the bars, during and / or after the creation windings of said bars have been produced.
  • thermoplastic matrix or thermosetting around the preform is carried out either by dipping, by spraying, or overmolding.
  • the coils may also constitute interfaces forms of the final part.
  • the internal coil or coils can create intermediate nodes, allowing a change of direction of a plane in another non-parallel, and thus to achieve complex global shapes in three dimensions.
  • the winding process can be judiciously robotized, it allows the removal of fibers while maintaining a tension, which is the guarantor of the straightness of these fibers.
  • This local winding can be broken down into a phase of preliminary creation of the node shape by an initial winding around the coil serving to give the resistance and the minimum rigidity to the node, then windings of creation of the consolidated bars by consolidation windings. performed during or after the windings creating bars.
  • thermoplastic resin for impregnating the fibers
  • the winding is carried out with a heating of the fiber, then a cooling of the whole of the preform to give it an overall cohesion.
  • thermosetting fiber impregnating resin the winding is carried out with sufficient heating of the fiber and then cooling of the whole of the preform to give it an overall cohesion with, if necessary, a transition to a crosslinking temperature.
  • the preform thus formed is then surrounded by a matrix, preferably but not limited to, of the same material that has been used for impregnating the fibers, or by soaking in a bath of material constituting the matrix, at the temperature recommended to have sufficient fluidity to cover the fiber mesh, either by spraying or by molding in a mold, the filling volume of the piece being injected in addition to the lattice previously arranged in the mold.
  • a matrix preferably but not limited to, of the same material that has been used for impregnating the fibers, or by soaking in a bath of material constituting the matrix, at the temperature recommended to have sufficient fluidity to cover the fiber mesh, either by spraying or by molding in a mold, the filling volume of the piece being injected in addition to the lattice previously arranged in the mold.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrammatic views of a planar rod being manufactured by the method according to the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a variant of the same rod.
  • FIG. 4 represents a partial schematic view in section of a part of the same connecting rod
  • Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 show schematic perspective views of composite material parts manufactured according to the method.
  • planar rod 1 made of composite material manufactured by the implementation of the method according to the invention can be seen.
  • Figure 1 shows a first step of manufacturing a lattice structure 10 of reinforcing fibers F, made by filament winding.
  • the fiber F which may consist, without limitation, in strands, ribbons or strands of reinforcing fibers, is wound between two pulleys 2 and 3 for constituting the two eyecups of the connecting rod 1, and carried by a not shown frame .
  • the chassis also carries coils 4, or intermediate pulleys, disposed between the pulleys 2 and 3, and on which the fiber F is also wound.
  • These coils 4, or intermediate pulleys, allow the creation between each pair of coils 4, bars 5 which form the lattice structure 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows a next step of the method, which consists in molding on the trellis structure 10, a thermosetting or thermoplastic matrix M according to the case, the coils 4 and the bars 5 being embedded in this matrix M.
  • the method according to the invention allows multiple possibilities of realization of the lattice structure 10, especially when the coils 4 have a certain diameter.
  • the coils 4 make it possible to vary the coils, direct or crossed, single or multiple so as to allow an optimization of the fiber trellis.
  • the molding of the matrix M is carried out in a mold, not shown, and that in it may be arranged, before molding, several preforms each consisting of a lattice structure 10.
  • the coils 4 may according to the invention, as is not visible in a plan view, not be in the same plane, so that the bars 5 are inclined in planes not perpendicular to the axes of the coils 4.
  • This coil 4 comprises, in this non-limiting embodiment, a shaft 40 and two lateral flanges It will be understood that such a coil 4 allows the fibers F to extend in planes not perpendicular to the axis of the shaft 40.
  • the winding of the fiber F at such a coil 4 is decomposed into several phases.
  • an initial winding 42 is made around the shaft 40 between the flanges 41, in order to give the resistance and the minimum rigidity to the knot to be formed, then a winding is made to another spool 4 for the creation of the bars. 5, and finally, windings 43 around the shaft 40 and between the fibers F which form the bars 5, and made during and / or after the creation of windings for creating the bars 5.
  • windings are intended to block the deformation in compression in the wound area, but also to reduce, as necessary, the length of the bars 5 prone to buckling.
  • the winding of the fibers can be made between two coils 4 of non-parallel axes.
  • the winding thus obtained is generally twisted while respecting the straightness of the beams 50 of fibers constituting the bars 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The process for producing a composite material part consists in adding a thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix (M) around a preform (10) consisting of a lattice of reinforcing fibers (F) produced by filament winding around the pins or the like of a frame. It consists in further winding the fibers (F) over one or more reels (4) inside the matrix (M), the axes of said pins or the like and those of said one or more reels (4), being of different orientations, so as to give said lattice (10) of fibers a three-dimensional shape.

Description

Procédé de réalisation d'une pièce en matériau composite, et pièce composite obtenue .  Process for producing a composite material part and composite part obtained
La présente invention concerne le domaine des pièces en matériau composite, comprenant une matrice thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable renforcée de fibres, telle que, non limitativement , des ferrures. The present invention relates to the field of composite material parts, comprising a thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix reinforced with fibers, such as, without limitation, fittings.
On notera que par fibre on entend toutes les formes sous lesquelles peuvent être présentées les fibres de renfort, et notamment, mais non limitativement, des mèches, rubans ou cordons de fibres de renfort .  It will be noted that by fiber is meant all the forms in which the reinforcing fibers may be presented, and in particular, but not exclusively, reinforcing strands, ribbons or cords of fibers.
De telles pièces en matériau composite, comme celles décrites dans les documents DE 29 45 469, FR 3 032 144, DE 102010025940 et WO 2015/066407 par exemples, présentent une structure en treillis obtenue par bobinage de fibres imprégnées de résine sur un châssis duquel ont saillie des plots, en sorte de permettre de faire cheminer et de tendre les fibres entre lesdits plots pour les orienter préférentiellement selon les directions de sollicitation.  Such composite material parts, such as those described in documents DE 29 45 469, FR 3032144, DE 102010025940 and WO 2015/066407 for example, have a lattice structure obtained by winding fibers impregnated with resin on a frame of which protruding studs, so as to allow to walk and stretch the fibers between said pads to orient them preferentially according to the directions of stress.
Du fait de la disposition des broches, les fibres s'étendent dans des plans sensiblement parallèles, ou parfaitement parallèles comme dans le document WO 2015/066407, avec pour conséquence que la structure en treillis obtenue ne peut pas répondre, de manière optimale, à des sollicitations exercées dans des directions autres que celles parallèles auxdits plans .  Due to the arrangement of the pins, the fibers extend in substantially parallel or perfectly parallel planes, as in document WO 2015/066407, with the result that the lattice structure obtained can not respond optimally to solicitations exercised in directions other than those parallel to those plans.
On sait que les fibres de renfort ont montré leur efficacité dans la capacité à réaliser des structures mécaniques à la fois résistantes et légères . Cette efficacité est due à ce que les barres constituant le treillis sont sollicitées en traction ou compression, sollicitations particulièrement adaptées à présenter des contraintes uniformes dans les sections droites des barres .  It is known that the reinforcing fibers have shown their effectiveness in the ability to achieve mechanical structures both resistant and light. This efficiency is due to the fact that the bars constituting the lattice are stressed in tension or compression, stresses particularly suited to present uniform stresses in the straight sections of the bars.
Il est bien connu que, pour les matériaux composites, la tenue des fibres en compression est plus modeste que la tenue de celles-ci en traction, tout particulièrement du fait du problème du flambage des fibres en compression, flambage global ou local des fibres. It is well known that, for composite materials, the compressive strength of the fibers is more modest than the tensile strength thereof, particularly because of the problem buckling of the fibers in compression, global or local buckling of the fibers.
Cela est plus flagrant lors de croisements des fibres au niveau de nœuds intermédiaires, la sollicitation en compression provocant inévitablement la désolidarisation des jonctions de fibres .  This is more obvious when crossing the fibers at intermediate nodes, the compressive stress inevitably provoking the separation of the fiber junctions.
Dans le document FR 3 032 144, les fibres sont disposées selon une forme de treillis dans une première préforme, qui est compactée pour former une seconde préforme apte à être moulée . La phase de compactage induit la non rectitude des barres formant le treillis. De plus, l'écrasement de ces barres dans leur extrémité crée des formes complexes propres à induire des sollicitations parasites dans les barres .  In FR 3032144, the fibers are arranged in a lattice shape in a first preform, which is compacted to form a second moldable preform. The compaction phase induces the non-straightness of the bars forming the lattice. In addition, the crushing of these bars in their end creates complex shapes to induce parasitic stresses in the bars.
De plus, lors de la phase d'écrasement, les fibres sont soit sur-tendues, ce qui entraine des contraintes internes significatives dans la pièce finale, soit sous-tendues ce qui génère leur plissage.  In addition, during the crushing phase, the fibers are either overstretched, which causes significant internal stresses in the final part, or underlying what generates their pleating.
Afin de pouvoir solliciter des fibres minces en compression, il convient de respecter les trois conditions suivantes : que les fibres soient parfaitement rectilignes, qu'elles soient bloquées dans leur déformation ou déplacement transversal (e) à leur direction principale, et que l'introduction de l'action mécanique dans les fibres se fasse sans introduction d'aucune sollicitation parasite.  In order to be able to apply thin fibers in compression, the following three conditions must be respected: that the fibers be perfectly rectilinear, that they be locked in their deformation or displacement transverse (e) to their main direction, and that the introduction the mechanical action in the fibers is done without introducing any unwanted stress.
Dans le cas d'une structure en treillis constituée d'un entremêlement de fibres, la traction est bien reprise par le réseau de fibres car cette sollicitation consolide le nœud constitué par le croisement de fibres .  In the case of a lattice structure consisting of intermingling of fibers, the traction is well taken up by the network of fibers because this stress consolidates the node constituted by the crossing of fibers.
En revanche, la compression des fibres a tendance à désolidariser le nœud. La forme incurvée de la fibre due au croisement de celle-ci favorise la flexion locale de la fibre mise en compression et donc le flambage global de la fibre.  On the other hand, the compression of the fibers tends to separate the knot. The curved shape of the fiber due to the crossing thereof promotes the local bending of the fiber placed in compression and thus the overall buckling of the fiber.
La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux divers inconvénients précités, en proposant un procédé de réalisation d'une pièce en matériau composite, et plus particulièrement de réalisation de la structure treillis d' une pièce en matériau composite, respectant les trois conditions précédemment définies, ainsi que la pièce obtenue, en sorte que cette dernière présente une tenue mécanique en compression. The object of the present invention is to remedy the various aforementioned drawbacks, by proposing a method of producing a composite material part, and more particularly of producing the lattice structure of a piece of material composite, respecting the three conditions previously defined, and the resulting part, so that the latter has a mechanical strength in compression.
Le procédé de réalisation d' une pièce en matériau composite, selon l'invention, consiste à rajouter une matrice thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable autour d'une préforme constituée d'un treillis de fibres de renfort réalisé par enroulement filamentaire autour des ergots ou analogues d'un châssis, et il se caractérise en ce qu'il consiste à enrouler en outre les fibres sur une ou plusieurs bobines internes à la matrice, les axes desdits ergots ou analogues et ceux de ladite une ou plusieurs bobines, étant d'orientations différentes, en sorte de conférer audit treillis de fibres une forme tridimensionnelle .  The method of producing a composite material part, according to the invention, consists of adding a thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix around a preform consisting of a reinforcement fiber mesh made by filament winding around the pins or the like. a chassis, and it is characterized in that it consists in winding the fibers further on one or more coils internal to the matrix, the axes of said pins or the like and those of said one or more coils, being of different orientations, so as to confer on said fiber lattice a three-dimensional shape.
Selon une caractéristique additionnelle du procédé selon l'invention, on réalise des enroulements entre des paires de bobines internes, pour former des barres constituant la structure de treillis .  According to an additional feature of the method according to the invention, windings are made between pairs of internal coils to form bars constituting the lattice structure.
Selon une autre caractéristique additionnelle du procédé selon l'invention, les enroulements entre deux bobines d'une paire de bobines sont réalisés en passant d'un côté ou de l'autre de l'une et/ou l'autre bobine, en sorte de créer, au sein de la barre qui relie lesdites deux bobines, au moins un croisement de fibres.  According to another additional feature of the method according to the invention, the windings between two coils of a pair of coils are made by passing one side or the other of the one and / or the other coil, so that to create, within the bar which connects said two coils, at least one cross fiber.
Selon une autre caractéristique additionnelle du procédé selon l'invention, on réalise, préalablement à l'amorce de l'enroulement de la fibre sur une bobine vers une autre bobine pour la création d'une barre, un ou plusieurs enroulements complets autour de la bobine.  According to another additional feature of the method according to the invention, prior to the initiation of the winding of the fiber on a coil to another coil for the creation of a bar, one or more complete windings are made around the coil.
Selon une autre caractéristique additionnelle du procédé selon l'invention, on effectue un ou plusieurs enroulements complets de consolidation autour de la bobine entre les fibres qui forment les barres, pendant et/ou après la réalisation des enroulements de création desdites barres.  According to another additional feature of the method according to the invention, one or more complete consolidation windings are made around the coil between the fibers which form the bars, during and / or after the creation windings of said bars have been produced.
Selon une autre caractéristique additionnelle du procédé selon l'invention, l'ajout d'une matrice thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable autour de la préforme est réalisé soit par trempage, soit par pulvérisation, soit par surmoulage. According to another additional characteristic of the process according to the invention, the addition of a thermoplastic matrix or thermosetting around the preform is carried out either by dipping, by spraying, or overmolding.
De manière avantageuse, les bobines pourront également constituer des formes interfaces de la pièce finale.  Advantageously, the coils may also constitute interfaces forms of the final part.
La ou les bobines internes permettent de créer des nœuds intermédiaires, permettant un changement de direction d'un plan dans un autre non parallèle, et donc de réaliser des formes globales complexes en trois dimensions .  The internal coil or coils can create intermediate nodes, allowing a change of direction of a plane in another non-parallel, and thus to achieve complex global shapes in three dimensions.
Le processus d' enroulement peut être judicieusement robotisé, il permet de réaliser la dépose de fibres tout en maintenant une tension, ce qui est le garant de la rectitude de ces fibres.  The winding process can be judiciously robotized, it allows the removal of fibers while maintaining a tension, which is the guarantor of the straightness of these fibers.
Cet enroulement local peut se décomposer en une phase de création préliminaire de la forme du nœud par un enroulement initial autour de la bobine servant à donner la résistance et la rigidité minimale au nœud, puis des enroulements de création des barres consolidées par des enroulements de consolidation réalisés pendant ou après les enroulements de création des barres .  This local winding can be broken down into a phase of preliminary creation of the node shape by an initial winding around the coil serving to give the resistance and the minimum rigidity to the node, then windings of creation of the consolidated bars by consolidation windings. performed during or after the windings creating bars.
Dans le cas de l'utilisation de résine thermoplastique d'imprégnation des fibres, l'enroulement est réalisé avec un réchauffement de la fibre, puis un refroidissement de l'ensemble de la préforme pour lui donner une cohésion globale .  In the case of the use of thermoplastic resin for impregnating the fibers, the winding is carried out with a heating of the fiber, then a cooling of the whole of the preform to give it an overall cohesion.
Dans le cas de l'utilisation de résine thermodurcissable d'imprégnation des fibres, l'enroulement est réalisé avec un réchauffement suffisant de la fibre puis un refroidissement de l'ensemble de la préforme pour lui donner une cohésion globale avec, si nécessaire, un passage à une température de réticulation .  In the case of the use of thermosetting fiber impregnating resin, the winding is carried out with sufficient heating of the fiber and then cooling of the whole of the preform to give it an overall cohesion with, if necessary, a transition to a crosslinking temperature.
La préforme ainsi constituée est ensuite entourée d'une matrice, préfèrentiellement mais non limitativement , du même matériau ayant servi à l'imprégnation des fibres, soit par trempage dans un bain de matériau constituant la matrice, à la température recommandée pour présenter une fluidité suffisante pour couvrir le treillis de fibres, soit par pulvérisation, soit par moulage dans un moule, le volume de comblement de la pièce étant injecté en complément du treillis préalablement disposé dans le moule . The preform thus formed is then surrounded by a matrix, preferably but not limited to, of the same material that has been used for impregnating the fibers, or by soaking in a bath of material constituting the matrix, at the temperature recommended to have sufficient fluidity to cover the fiber mesh, either by spraying or by molding in a mold, the filling volume of the piece being injected in addition to the lattice previously arranged in the mold.
Outre que le procédé selon l'invention permet d'obtenir une grande rectitude de fibres, il autorise, par conséquent, une utilisation de moins de fibres de renforcement.  In addition to the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a great straightness of fibers, it allows, consequently, a use of less reinforcing fibers.
De plus, il permet de faire des pièces plus légères et donc moins chères .  In addition, it allows to make parts lighter and therefore cheaper.
Les avantages et les caractéristiques du procédé selon l'invention, et des pièces qu'il permet de mettre en œuvre, ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui suit et qui se rapporte au dessin annexé, lequel en représente plusieurs modes de réalisation non limitatifs .  The advantages and characteristics of the method according to the invention, and the parts that it makes it possible to implement, will emerge more clearly from the description which follows and which refers to the appended drawing, which represents several non-limiting embodiments thereof.
Dans le dessin annexé :  In the attached drawing:
les figures 1 et 2 représentent des vues schématiques d'une bielle plane en cours de fabrication par le procédé selon 1' invention,  FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrammatic views of a planar rod being manufactured by the method according to the invention,
la figure 3 représente une vue schématique d'une variante de la même bielle .  Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a variant of the same rod.
la figure 4 représente une vue schématique partielle et en coupe d'une partie de la même bielle,  FIG. 4 represents a partial schematic view in section of a part of the same connecting rod,
les figures 5, 6, 7 et 8 représentent des vues schématiques en perspective de pièces en matériau composite fabriquées selon le procédé .  Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 show schematic perspective views of composite material parts manufactured according to the method.
En référence aux figures 1 et 2, on peut voir une bielle plane 1 en matériau composite fabriquée par la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention.  With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a planar rod 1 made of composite material manufactured by the implementation of the method according to the invention can be seen.
Plus précisément, la figure 1 représente une première étape de fabrication d'une structure en treillis 10 de fibres de renfort F, réalisée par enroulement filamentaire .  More specifically, Figure 1 shows a first step of manufacturing a lattice structure 10 of reinforcing fibers F, made by filament winding.
La fibre F, qui peut consister, non limitativement , en des mèches, rubans ou cordons de fibres de renfort, est enroulée entre deux poulies 2 et 3 destinées à la constitution des deux œilletons de la bielle 1, et portées par un châssis non représenté . Selon l'invention, le châssis porte également des bobines 4, ou poulies intermédiaires, disposées entre les poulies 2 et 3, et sur lesquelles la fibre F est également enroulée. The fiber F, which may consist, without limitation, in strands, ribbons or strands of reinforcing fibers, is wound between two pulleys 2 and 3 for constituting the two eyecups of the connecting rod 1, and carried by a not shown frame . According to the invention, the chassis also carries coils 4, or intermediate pulleys, disposed between the pulleys 2 and 3, and on which the fiber F is also wound.
Ces bobines 4, ou poulies intermédiaires, permettent, la création entre chaque paire de bobines 4, des barres 5 qui forment la structure en treillis 10.  These coils 4, or intermediate pulleys, allow the creation between each pair of coils 4, bars 5 which form the lattice structure 10.
Sur la figure 2 on peut voir une étape suivante du procédé, qui consiste à mouler sur la structure en treillis 10, une matrice M thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique suivant le cas, les bobines 4 et les barres 5 étant noyées dans cette matrice M.  FIG. 2 shows a next step of the method, which consists in molding on the trellis structure 10, a thermosetting or thermoplastic matrix M according to the case, the coils 4 and the bars 5 being embedded in this matrix M.
En référence maintenant à la figure 3, on peut voir que le procédé selon l'invention autorise de multiples possibilités de réalisation de la structure en treillis 10, notamment lorsque les bobines 4 présentent un certain diamètre .  Referring now to Figure 3, it can be seen that the method according to the invention allows multiple possibilities of realization of the lattice structure 10, especially when the coils 4 have a certain diameter.
II est ainsi possible, lors de la réalisation d'un changement de direction de l'enroulement sur une bobine 4, de passer d'un côté ou de l'autre de cette dernière, de tendre des fibres F obliquement dans une barre 5.  It is thus possible, when making a change of direction of the winding on a spool 4, to pass on one side or the other of the latter, to stretch fibers F obliquely in a bar 5.
Les bobines 4 permettent de varier les bobinages, directs ou croisés, simples ou multiples de manière à permettre une optimisation du treillis de fibres.  The coils 4 make it possible to vary the coils, direct or crossed, single or multiple so as to allow an optimization of the fiber trellis.
On notera que le moulage de la matrice M est réalisée dans un moule, non représenté, et que dans celui-ci peuvent être disposées, avant moulage, plusieurs préformes constituées chacune d'une structure de treillis 10.  It will be noted that the molding of the matrix M is carried out in a mold, not shown, and that in it may be arranged, before molding, several preforms each consisting of a lattice structure 10.
On notera également que sur les figures 1, 2 et 3, les bobines 4 peuvent selon l'invention, comme cela n'est pas visible sur une vue en plan, ne pas être dans un même plan, en sorte que les barres 5 soient inclinées selon des plans non perpendiculaires aux axes des bobines 4.  Note also that in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the coils 4 may according to the invention, as is not visible in a plan view, not be in the same plane, so that the bars 5 are inclined in planes not perpendicular to the axes of the coils 4.
En référence à la figure 4, on peut voir une bobine 4, ou poulie intermédiaire. Cette bobine 4 comporte, dans ce mode de réalisation non limitatif, un arbre 40 et deux flasques latéraux On comprendra qu'une telle bobine 4 permet que les fibres F puissent s'étendre dans des plans non perpendiculaires à l'axe de l' arbre 40. Referring to Figure 4, we can see a coil 4, or intermediate pulley. This coil 4 comprises, in this non-limiting embodiment, a shaft 40 and two lateral flanges It will be understood that such a coil 4 allows the fibers F to extend in planes not perpendicular to the axis of the shaft 40.
Selon l'invention, l'enroulement de la fibre F au niveau d'une telle bobine 4 est décomposé en plusieurs phases. Dans un premier temps on réalise un enroulement initial 42 autour de l'arbre 40 entre les flasques 41, afin de donner la résistance et la rigidité minimale au nœud à former, puis on réalise un enroulement vers une autre bobine 4 pour la création des barres 5, et enfin, des enroulements 43 autour de l'arbre 40 et entre les fibres F qui forment les barres 5, et réalisés pendant et/ou après la création de enroulements de création des barres 5.  According to the invention, the winding of the fiber F at such a coil 4 is decomposed into several phases. In a first step, an initial winding 42 is made around the shaft 40 between the flanges 41, in order to give the resistance and the minimum rigidity to the knot to be formed, then a winding is made to another spool 4 for the creation of the bars. 5, and finally, windings 43 around the shaft 40 and between the fibers F which form the bars 5, and made during and / or after the creation of windings for creating the bars 5.
Ces enroulements ont pour but de bloquer la déformation en compression dans la zone enroulée, mais également de réduire, selon la nécessité, la longueur des barres 5 sujettes au flambement .  These windings are intended to block the deformation in compression in the wound area, but also to reduce, as necessary, the length of the bars 5 prone to buckling.
En référence aux figures 5, 6, 7 et 8, on peut voir des pièces composites, respectivement 6, 7, 8 et 9, réalisées par la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention.  Referring to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8, there can be seen composite parts, respectively 6, 7, 8 and 9, made by the implementation of the method according to the invention.
On peut constater que l'enroulement des fibres peut être réalisé entre deux bobines 4 d'axes non parallèles. L'enroulement ainsi obtenu est globalement vrillé tout en respectant la rectitude des poutres 50 de fibres constituant les barres 5.  It can be seen that the winding of the fibers can be made between two coils 4 of non-parallel axes. The winding thus obtained is generally twisted while respecting the straightness of the beams 50 of fibers constituting the bars 5.
Ce vrillage associé au choix du diamètre des bobines 4, permet de créer un fibrage tridimensionnel présentant potentiellement de la résistance hors plan.  This twisting associated with the choice of the diameter of the coils 4, makes it possible to create a three-dimensional fiberization potentially having out-of-plane resistance.
On notera que certaines bobines 4 de ces pièces 6, 7, 8 et 9 constituent des formes interfaces .  It will be noted that certain coils 4 of these parts 6, 7, 8 and 9 constitute interface shapes.
II est possible de créer un treillis de fibres tridimensionnel propre à optimiser le fibrage d'une pièce volumique, ayant une tenue mécanique lors de phases de mise en compression des barres 5 constituant le treillis 10.  It is possible to create a three-dimensional fiber lattice suitable for optimizing the fiberization of a volume part, having a mechanical strength during compression phases of the bars 5 constituting the mesh 10.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Procédé de réalisation d'une pièce en matériau composite, consistant à rajouter une matrice thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable (M) autour d'une préforme (10) constituée d'un treillis de fibres de renfort (F) réalisé par enroulement filamentaire autour des ergots ou analogues d'un châssis, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à enrouler en outre les fibres (F) sur une ou plusieurs bobines internes (4) à la matrice (M) , les axes desdits ergots ou analogues et ceux de ladite une ou plusieurs bobines (4), étant d'orientations différentes, en sorte de conférer audit treillis (10) de fibres une forme tridimensionnelle . 1) Process for producing a composite material part, consisting of adding a thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix (M) around a preform (10) consisting of a reinforcing fiber mesh (F) made by filament winding around the pins or the like of a frame, characterized in that it consists in further winding the fibers (F) on one or more internal coils (4) to the matrix (M), the axes of said pins or the like and those of said one or more coils (4), being of different orientations, so as to confer on said trellis (10) of fibers a three-dimensional shape.
2) Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise des enroulements entre des paires de bobines internes (4) , pour former des barres (5) constituant la structure de treillis (10) .  2) Process according to claim 1, characterized in that windings are made between pairs of internal coils (4), to form bars (5) constituting the lattice structure (10).
3) Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les enroulements entre deux bobines (4) d'une paire de bobines (4) sont réalisés en passant d'un côté ou de l'autre de l'une et/ou l'autre bobine (4), en sorte de créer, au sein de la barre (5) qui relie lesdites deux bobines (4) , au moins un croisement de fibres (F) .  3) Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the windings between two coils (4) of a pair of coils (4) are made by passing from one side or the other of the one and / or the other coil (4), so as to create, within the bar (5) which connects said two coils (4), at least one cross fiber (F).
4) Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise, préalablement à l'amorce de l'enroulement de la fibre (F) sur une bobine (4) vers une autre bobine (4) pour la création d'une barre (5), un ou plusieurs enroulements complets autour de la bobine (4) .  4) Method according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that, prior to initiating the winding of the fiber (F) on a coil (4) to another coil (4) for the creating a bar (5), one or more complete windings around the coil (4).
5) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5) Process according to any one of claims 2 to
4, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue un ou plusieurs enroulements complets de consolidation autour de la bobine (4) entre les fibres (F) qui forment les barres (5) , pendant et/ou après la réalisation des enroulements de création desdites barres (5) . 4, characterized in that one or more complete windings of consolidation around the coil (4) between the fibers (F) which form the bars (5), during and / or after the realization of the windings of creation of said bars (5).
6) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6) Process according to any one of claims 1 to
5, caractérisé en ce que l'ajout d'une matrice thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable (M) autour de la préforme (10) est réalisé soit par trempage, soit par pulvérisation, soit par surmoulage. 5, characterized in that the addition of a thermoplastic matrix or thermosetting (M) around the preform (10) is carried out either by dipping, by spraying, or by overmolding.
7) Pièce en matériau composite (1 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9) constituée d'une préforme (10) constituée d'un treillis de fibres de renfort (F) réalisé par enroulement filamentaire autour des ergots ou analogues d'un châssis, et auquel a été ajoutée une matrice thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable (M) , caractérisée en ce qu'elle est obtenue par le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.  7) Composite material part (1; 6; 7; 8; 9) consisting of a preform (10) constituted by a reinforcing fiber mesh (F) made by filament winding around the lugs or the like of a frame and to which a thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix (M) has been added, characterized in that it is obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
EP18748967.9A 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method for producing a composite material part, and composite part obtained Pending EP3638491A1 (en)

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CN110914045A (en) 2020-03-24
RU2020100453A (en) 2021-07-13

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