EP3622549B1 - Pyrotechnic circuit breaker and supply grid with a pyrotechnic circuit breaker - Google Patents

Pyrotechnic circuit breaker and supply grid with a pyrotechnic circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3622549B1
EP3622549B1 EP18718832.1A EP18718832A EP3622549B1 EP 3622549 B1 EP3622549 B1 EP 3622549B1 EP 18718832 A EP18718832 A EP 18718832A EP 3622549 B1 EP3622549 B1 EP 3622549B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuse
pyrotechnic
contour
conductor
protective switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18718832.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3622549A1 (en
Inventor
Tzeichoun Chalil
Peter Steiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leoni Bordnetz Systeme GmbH
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Leoni Bordnetz Systeme GmbH
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Publication of EP3622549A1 publication Critical patent/EP3622549A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/0241—Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H01H2085/025—Structural association with a binding post of a storage battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/08—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/055—Fusible members
    • H01H85/08—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
    • H01H85/10—Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member with constriction for localised fusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
    • H01H9/106—Adaptation for built-in fuses fuse and switch being connected in parallel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pyrotechnic circuit breaker having a one-piece current-carrying plate with at least two connection elements and with at least one safety conductor connecting the at least two connection elements, a pyrotechnic unit with a separating body for severing the at least one safety conductor when triggered, and a housing. Furthermore, the invention relates to a supply network with a corresponding pyrotechnic circuit breaker
  • a pyrotechnic circuit breaker also called a pyrotechnic fuse element
  • the pyrotechnic safety switch also called pyrotechnic safety switch, pyrotechnic disconnecting element or pyrotechnic switch for short, is a type of emergency stop switch of category 0 (EN ISO 13850:2008 item 4.1.4 and EN 60204-1:2006 item 9.2.2), which can be triggered manually and/or is automatically controlled and triggered under specified conditions.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is constructed according to a principle known per se. It comprises a pyrotechnic propellant charge, which is typically ignited by an electrical ignition signal, in particular a sensor signal from a connected sensor, and as a result accelerates a separating body, usually a wedge or a bolt, so that it mechanically severs an electrical conductor, usually a conductor strip. This will through the electrical conductor given electrical connection, for example between an electrical energy source, such as a battery in a motor vehicle, and a connected current path with various consumers interrupted. Because of this functional principle, such a pyrotechnic circuit breaker is sometimes also referred to as a battery disconnect switch.
  • a possible embodiment of a pyrotechnic circuit breaker is, for example, in WO 2005/015704 A2 described. This has a current-carrying plate, which is severed by the circuit breaker in the event of a trip.
  • a safety fuse is arranged parallel to the current-carrying plate and is connected to the current-carrying plate on both sides of a separation point.
  • a one-piece fusible element for low-voltage fuses can be found. This consists of a one-piece copper strip, which has several recesses to narrow the current path and a constriction near which a solder bead is arranged.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying an advantageous embodiment for a pyrotechnic circuit breaker and a supply network with a corresponding pyrotechnic circuit breaker.
  • a corresponding pyrotechnic circuit breaker is designed in particular for an on-board network of a motor vehicle and is accordingly preferably used in an on-board network of a motor vehicle.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker has a one-piece, one-piece current-carrying sheet metal or stamped sheet metal, for example made of aluminum with at least two connection elements or Connection arms and having at least one fuse conductor connecting the at least two connection elements.
  • one of the at least two connection elements typically forms an input connection for a current inflow line and the other of the at least two connection elements forms an output connection for a current discharge line.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker also has a pyrotechnic unit and a separating body for severing the at least one safety conductor when triggered, with the pyrotechnic unit and the separating body typically being accommodated in a housing.
  • the current-carrying plate has a fuse contour which is connected in parallel to the fuse conductor and is designed as a safety fuse.
  • This fuse contour is primarily used to prevent arcing after a trip event, ie arcs that bridge the separation point after the at least one fuse conductor has been severed in the event of a trip event.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker and in particular the separating body is designed in such a way that the fuse contour is retained when the pyrotechnic unit and thus the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is triggered and is accordingly not severed by the separating body.
  • the fuse contour continues to connect the at least two connection arms as the only electrical connection, at least until the fuse contour triggers, ie until the fuse melts.
  • the simple principle is used, according to which the current flows between two points along the path with the lowest resistance, which is why it can be assumed that in the initial state of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker, i.e before a corresponding triggering of the pyrotechnic unit, the current flows essentially via the fuse conductor or, if several fuse conductors are provided, via the fuse conductor and not via the fuse contour, ie the fuse.
  • the fuse contour is preferably the only electrical connection between the at least two connection elements, so that the current then has to flow via the fuse contour, the resistance given here being at least lower than when current flows via an arc.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker in which the safety conductor on the one hand and the safety contour on the other hand and in particular the entire current-carrying plate are extended in a longitudinal direction or extend in a longitudinal direction.
  • the fuse conductor and the fuse contour are also arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction to a good approximation and are connected to each other at their opposite ends in the longitudinal direction, in particular only at their ends opposite in the longitudinal direction, via a connection element and thus also to the corresponding connection element.
  • the current-carrying plate has at least two and in particular exactly two fuse conductors arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction, all or both of which are preferably severed by the separating body when the pyrotechnic unit is triggered and between which the fuse contour is positioned.
  • a conductor strip forms the fuse contour, the conductor strip having, for example, an S shape or a straight and elongated shape.
  • the fuse contour is formed by a conductor strip, which has several, in particular more than two, spaced cross-sectional tapers, which are preferably configured in the same way and/or are positioned evenly distributed, i.e. in particular distributed evenly over the extent of the fuse contour in the longitudinal direction.
  • each of these cross-sectional tapers which locally reduce the cross-section of the fuse contour transversely to the longitudinal direction, forms its own, simple fuse, so that in the case of a fuse contour with several cross-sectional tapers, several fuses are connected in series and are arranged next to one another, for example in the longitudinal direction.
  • each of these simple safety fuses that is to say each of these cross-sectional reductions, acts like an electrical resistor or an electrical switch, across which part of the voltage that may be present between the connection arms drops. According to Kirchhoff's mesh rule, the total stress then results from the sum of the partial stresses.
  • an arcing effect can be prevented by suitably increasing the number of cross-sectional reductions when a higher residual voltage between the connection arms after a trip event is to be assumed. It can typically be assumed that an arc, depending on the material of the current-carrying conductor, only occurs at a voltage of around 12V (in the case of copper between 12V and 13V/in the case of aluminum from around 10V) and accordingly it is ensured that an expected residual voltage between the connection arms after a triggering event so many reductions in cross section are realized that a voltage drop across each individual cross section reduction is lower than the critical voltage of about 12V.
  • an embodiment of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is advantageous in which at least one soldering bead, for example made of tin, is applied to the fuse contour.
  • the corresponding soldering bead is more preferably positioned in the area of a cross-sectional narrowing of the securing contour. If the fuse contour has a plurality of cross-sectional constrictions, an embodiment is also advantageous in which a solder bead is provided in the area of each cross-sectional constriction applied to the fuse contour.
  • solder balls are also applied to the fuse contour both on an upper side and on an underside opposite the upper side, with one solder ball being applied to the fuse contour on the upper side and one on the underside, preferably in the area of each cross-sectional connection, in the case of several cross-sectional tapers is.
  • an ionization inhibitor for example an alkali metal salt
  • a corresponding ionization inhibitor is provided in particular as a so-called flame extinguisher or spark extinguisher.
  • the principle used is also known as spark quenching. Specifically, "flame” means the arc here, as this causes a lot of heat to be generated. In principle, the formation of arcs should be prevented here, for example with the help of certain gases or substances.
  • Another advantage is an embodiment of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker in which it is designed for a current path or circuit with a specified nominal current and in which the fuse contour forms a fuse, the fuse value or fuse threshold value of the fuse and thus of the fuse contour being smaller than the specified nominal current is.
  • a corresponding pyrotechnic circuit breaker is expediently designed for a supply network and, as already mentioned, preferably for an on-board network of a motor vehicle and is accordingly used in such a supply network or on-board network.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is more preferably designed for a supply voltage >10 V, ie 48 V for example, and thus for a 48 V vehicle electrical system, for example.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is typically set up and designed for a supply voltage of ⁇ 500 V and in particular ⁇ 100 V.
  • the pyrotechnic unit of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is preferably kept simple and constructed according to a basic principle known per se.
  • the pyrotechnic unit expediently comprises a pyrotechnic charge and an electrical igniter with a signal input, so that a trigger signal or ignition signal can be fed into the igniter via the signal input, which activates the igniter and thus triggers the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge.
  • the ignited pyrotechnic propellant charge in turn accelerates the separating body, which is typically wedge-like or spike-like and thus has a kind of cutting edge or separating blade, so that it is driven towards the current-carrying plate and subsequently cuts through the at least one fuse conductor or all fuse conductors.
  • feeding in a triggering signal ultimately causes a galvanic isolation of the connection elements and thus an interruption of the electrical connection between an input connection and an output connection.
  • the signal input of the igniter is connected to a signal generator, which specifies the triggering condition for the pyrotechnical circuit breaker, i.e. when a specified condition occurs, the Trigger case, a trigger signal generated and transmitted to the pyrotechnic switch.
  • a corresponding pyrotechnic circuit breaker is installed in a motor vehicle, for example, an airbag control unit in the motor vehicle serves as a signal transmitter, so that if an airbag in the motor vehicle is triggered, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is also triggered, i.e. the pyrotechnic propellant charge is ignited.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is then triggered in the event of a traffic accident, with the pyrotechnic circuit breaker typically being integrated into the vehicle electrical system in such a way that, after a traffic accident, the electrical energy sources of the motor vehicle are, as it were, isolated and separated from the rest of the vehicle electrical system .
  • FIG. 1 An example described below and in 1 Sketched pyrotechnic circuit breaker 2 is designed for use in an electrical system of a motor vehicle and is therefore preferably used in an electrical system of a motor vehicle.
  • That pyrotechnic circuit breaker 2 has a pyrotechnic unit 4 and a separating body 6 which are housed in a housing 8 .
  • the pyrotechnic unit 4 is installed according to a principle known per se and can be controlled via a signal input 10 and consequently activated or triggered by means of an electrical signal.
  • the pyrotechnic unit 4 is activated and the triggering event is present.
  • the separating body 6 is then accelerated by the pyrotechnical unit 4 and this then cuts through a current-carrying conductor with a cutting edge 12, ie an electrical conductor which is provided and designed for carrying a current.
  • the current-carrying conductor is marked by an in 2 and 3 shown current-carrying sheet metal 14 or stamped sheet metal and connects in the initial state, ie until activation of the pyrotechnic unit 4, two connection arms 16 which protrude from the housing 8 of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 2 on opposite sides.
  • connection arms 16 are thus mechanically and electrically conductively connected in the initial state of the pyrotechnical circuit breaker 2 by the current-carrying conductor, which in the exemplary embodiment is formed by two safety conductors 18 each configured as a conductor strip.
  • the current-carrying sheet metal or stamped sheet metal 14 is extended in a longitudinal direction 20 and the two connection arms 16 are arranged next to one another in the longitudinal direction 20 .
  • the two fuse conductors 18 are in turn extended as conductor strips in the longitudinal direction 20 and are positioned between the two connection arms 16 when viewed in the longitudinal direction 20 .
  • the two fuse conductors 18 are each aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction 20, so that each of the two fuse conductors 18 mechanically and electrically conductively connects the two connection arms 16 in the initial state.
  • these two fuse conductors 18 forming the current-carrying conductor are severed by the separating blade 12 of the separating body 6 .
  • the separation takes place along a separating line 22, along which the separating blade 12 is arranged, the separating blade 12 having an interruption, not shown in detail, in a central region in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the current-carrying sheet metal or stamped sheet metal 14 has a securing contour 24 which in turn extends in the longitudinal direction 20 .
  • that fuse contour 24 is aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction 20 and thus also parallel to the two fuse conductors 18 and is arranged between the two fuse conductors 18 .
  • the safety contour 24 also connects the two connection arms 16 to one another mechanically and electrically conductively in the initial state.
  • the securing contour 24 is connected to the connecting arms 16 at both ends, viewed in the longitudinal direction 20 .
  • the safety contour 24 is not severed when the pyrotechnic unit 4 is triggered, which is why the separating blade 12 has the previously described interruption in the central area.
  • the fuse contour 24 serves to prevent arcing in the area of the separation points of the severed fuse conductors 18 Connection arms 16 applied residual voltage is reduced, in particular without a relevant amount of electrical energy being transmitted from one connection arm 16 to the other connection arm 16. Instead, any electrical energy that may be present in the fuse contour 24 is converted into heat, so that it melts and/or melts through at least in places. If the fuse contour 24 melts through at least one point, then there is no longer any electrical connection between the two connection arms 16 .
  • the securing contour 24 in the exemplary embodiment has a plurality of cross-sectional constrictions 26 distributed uniformly along the longitudinal direction 20 .
  • each of these safety fuses, ie each of these cross-sectional constrictions 26, acts like an electrical resistance or a electrical switch across which part of the voltage that may be present between the connection arms 16 drops.
  • the total stress results from the sum of the partial stresses.
  • an arcing effect can then be prevented by suitably increasing the number of cross-sectional tapers 26 if a higher residual voltage between the connection arms 16 after a tripping event is to be assumed.
  • a soldering bead 28 is applied on the upper side and a soldering bead 28 on the underside of the fuse contour 24, through which a desired melting behavior for the fuse contour 24 is realized.
  • an ionization inhibitor is applied to the safety contour 24 as an alternative or in addition, which serves as a flame extinguisher and has, for example, a salt of the alkali metals.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment described above.

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  • Fuses (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen pyrotechnischen Schutzschalter aufweisend ein einstückiges Stromführungsblech mit zumindest zwei Anschlusselementen und mit zumindest einem die zumindest zwei Anschlusselemente verbindenden Sicherungsleiter, eine pyrotechnische Einheit mit einem Trennkörper zur Durchtrennung des zumindest einen Sicherungsleiters im Auslösefall sowie ein Gehäuse. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Versorgungsnetz mit einem entsprechenden pyrotechnischen SchutzschalterThe invention relates to a pyrotechnic circuit breaker having a one-piece current-carrying plate with at least two connection elements and with at least one safety conductor connecting the at least two connection elements, a pyrotechnic unit with a separating body for severing the at least one safety conductor when triggered, and a housing. Furthermore, the invention relates to a supply network with a corresponding pyrotechnic circuit breaker

Bei einem pyrotechnischen Schutzschalter, auch pyrotechnisches Sicherungselement genannt, handelt es sich nicht um eine Schutzvorrichtung zur Absicherung eines Strompfades gegen Überströme, wie dies beispielsweise bei Schmelzsicherungen der Fall ist. Stattdessen handelt es sich bei dem pyrotechnischen Schutzschalter, auch pyrotechnischer Sicherheitsschalter, pyrotechnisches Trennelement oder kurz pyrotechnischer Schalter genannt, um eine Art Notausschalter der Stopp-Kategorie 0 (EN ISO 13850:2008 Pkt. 4.1.4 und EN 60204-1:2006 Pkt. 9.2.2), welcher sich manuell auslösen lässt und/oder unter vorgegebenen Bedingungen automatisch angesteuert und ausgelöst wird.A pyrotechnic circuit breaker, also called a pyrotechnic fuse element, is not a protective device for protecting a current path against overcurrents, as is the case with fuses, for example. Instead, the pyrotechnic safety switch, also called pyrotechnic safety switch, pyrotechnic disconnecting element or pyrotechnic switch for short, is a type of emergency stop switch of category 0 (EN ISO 13850:2008 item 4.1.4 and EN 60204-1:2006 item 9.2.2), which can be triggered manually and/or is automatically controlled and triggered under specified conditions.

Hierbei ist der pyrotechnische Schutzschalter nach einem an sich bekannten Prinzip aufgebaut. Er umfasst einen pyrotechnischen Treibsatz, der typischerweise durch ein elektrisches Zündsignal, insbesondere ein Sensorsignal eines angeschlossenen Sensors, gezündet wird und infolgedessen einen Trennkörper, meist ein Keil oder ein Bolzen, beschleunigt, so dass dieser einen elektrischen Leiter, meist einen Leiterstreifen, mechanisch durchtrennt. Hierdurch wird die durch den elektrischen Leiter gegebene elektrische Verbindung, beispielsweise zwischen einer elektrischen Energiequelle, zum Beispiel einer Batterie in einem Kraftfahrzeug, und einem angeschlossenen Strompfad mit diversen Verbrauchern unterbrochen. Aufgrund dieses Funktionsprinzips wird ein solcher pyrotechnischer Schutzschalter mitunter auch als Batterietrennschalter bezeichnet.Here, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is constructed according to a principle known per se. It comprises a pyrotechnic propellant charge, which is typically ignited by an electrical ignition signal, in particular a sensor signal from a connected sensor, and as a result accelerates a separating body, usually a wedge or a bolt, so that it mechanically severs an electrical conductor, usually a conductor strip. This will through the electrical conductor given electrical connection, for example between an electrical energy source, such as a battery in a motor vehicle, and a connected current path with various consumers interrupted. Because of this functional principle, such a pyrotechnic circuit breaker is sometimes also referred to as a battery disconnect switch.

Eine mögliche Ausgestaltung eines pyrotechnischen Trennschalters ist beispielsweise in der WO 2005/015704 A2 beschrieben. Dieser weist ein Stromführungsblech auf, welches vom Trennschalter im Auslösefall durchtrennt wird. Parallel zum Stromführungsblech ist ergänzend eine Schmelzsicherung angeordnet, die beidseitig einer Trennstelle mit dem Stromführungsblech verbunden ist.A possible embodiment of a pyrotechnic circuit breaker is, for example, in WO 2005/015704 A2 described. This has a current-carrying plate, which is severed by the circuit breaker in the event of a trip. In addition, a safety fuse is arranged parallel to the current-carrying plate and is connected to the current-carrying plate on both sides of a separation point.

Aus der DE 24 28 569 A1 ist ein einstückiger Schmelzleiter für Niederspannungssicherungen zu entnehmen. Dieser besteht aus einem einstückigen Kupferband, welches mehrere Aussparungen zur Strompfadverengung sowie eine Engstelle aufweist, in deren Nähe eine Lotperle angeordnet ist.From the DE 24 28 569 A1 a one-piece fusible element for low-voltage fuses can be found. This consists of a one-piece copper strip, which has several recesses to narrow the current path and a constriction near which a solder bead is arranged.

Ausgehend hiervon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung für einen pyrotechnischen Schutzschalter anzugeben und ein Versorgungsnetz mit einem entsprechenden pyrotechnischen Schutzschalter.Proceeding from this, the invention is based on the object of specifying an advantageous embodiment for a pyrotechnic circuit breaker and a supply network with a corresponding pyrotechnic circuit breaker.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch einen pyrotechnischen Schutzschalter mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie durch ein Versorgungsnetz mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 11. Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen sind in den rückbezogenen Ansprüchen enthalten. Die im Hinblick auf den pyrotechnischen Schutzschalter angeführten Vorteile und bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen sind sinngemäß auch auf das Versorgungsnetz übertragbar und umgekehrt.This object is achieved according to the invention by a pyrotechnic circuit breaker having the features of claim 1 and by a supply network having the features of claim 11. Preferred developments are contained in the dependent claims. The advantages and preferred configurations listed with regard to the pyrotechnic circuit breaker can also be transferred to the supply network and vice versa.

Ein entsprechender pyrotechnischer Schutzschalter ist dabei insbesondere für ein Bordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeuges ausgelegt und wird dementsprechend bevorzugt in ein Bordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeuges eingesetzt. Hierbei weist der pyrotechnische Schutzschalter ein einstückiges, einteiliges Stromführungsblech oder Stanzblech beispielsweise aus Aluminium auf mit zumindest zwei Anschlusselementen oder Anschlussarmen und mit zumindest einem die zumindest zwei Anschlusselemente verbindenden Sicherungsleiter. Dabei bildet zumindest im verbauten Zustand des pyrotechnischen Schutzschalters eines der zumindest zwei Anschlusselemente typischerweise einen Eingangsanschluss für eine Stromzuflussleitung und das andere der zumindest zwei Anschlusselemente einen Ausgangsanschluss für eine Stromabführleitung aus. Weiter weist der pyrotechnische Schutzschalter eine pyrotechnische Einheit sowie einen Trennkörper zur Durchtrennung des zumindest einen Sicherungsleiters im Auslösefall auf, wobei die pyrotechnische Einheit und der Trennkörper typischerweise in einem Gehäuse untergebracht sind. Außerdem weist das Stromführungsblech eine parallel zum Sicherungsleiter geschaltete und als Schmelzsicherung ausgebildete Sicherungskontur auf.A corresponding pyrotechnic circuit breaker is designed in particular for an on-board network of a motor vehicle and is accordingly preferably used in an on-board network of a motor vehicle. In this case, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker has a one-piece, one-piece current-carrying sheet metal or stamped sheet metal, for example made of aluminum with at least two connection elements or Connection arms and having at least one fuse conductor connecting the at least two connection elements. At least in the installed state of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker, one of the at least two connection elements typically forms an input connection for a current inflow line and the other of the at least two connection elements forms an output connection for a current discharge line. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker also has a pyrotechnic unit and a separating body for severing the at least one safety conductor when triggered, with the pyrotechnic unit and the separating body typically being accommodated in a housing. In addition, the current-carrying plate has a fuse contour which is connected in parallel to the fuse conductor and is designed as a safety fuse.

Jene Sicherungskontur dient dabei in erster Linie zur Verhinderung von Lichtbögen nach einem Auslösefall, also von Lichtbögen, die nach einer Durchtrennung des zumindest einen Sicherungsleiters im Auslösefall die Trennstelle überbrücken. Hierbei ist der pyrotechnische Schutzschalter und insbesondere der Trennkörper derart ausgestaltet, dass die Sicherungskontur im Auslösefall der pyrotechnischen Einheit und somit des pyrotechnischen Schutzschalters erhalten bleibt und dementsprechend nicht durch den Trennkörper durchtrennt wird. Die Sicherungskontur verbindet nach einem entsprechenden Auslösefall der pyrotechnischen Einheit weiter als einzige elektrische Verbindung die zumindest zwei Anschlussarme, zumindest bis zum Auslösefall für die Sicherungskontur, also bis zum Durchschmelzen der Schmelzsicherung.This fuse contour is primarily used to prevent arcing after a trip event, ie arcs that bridge the separation point after the at least one fuse conductor has been severed in the event of a trip event. In this case, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker and in particular the separating body is designed in such a way that the fuse contour is retained when the pyrotechnic unit and thus the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is triggered and is accordingly not severed by the separating body. After a corresponding triggering of the pyrotechnic unit, the fuse contour continues to connect the at least two connection arms as the only electrical connection, at least until the fuse contour triggers, ie until the fuse melts.

Bei dieser Ausgestaltung des pyrotechnischen Schutzschalters und insbesondere bei der entsprechenden Ausgestaltung des Stromführungsbleches wird dabei das einfache Prinzip ausgenutzt, nach dem der Strom zwischen zwei Punkten entlang des Weges mit dem geringsten Widerstand fließt, weswegen davon auszugehen ist, dass im Ausgangszustand des pyrotechnischen Schutzschalters, also vor einer entsprechenden Auslösung der pyrotechnischen Einheit, der Strom im Wesentlichen über den Sicherungsleiter oder, sofern mehrere Sicherungsleiter vorgesehen sind, über die Sicherungsleiter fließt und eben nicht über die Sicherungskontur, also die Schmelzsicherung. Nach einem Auslösen der pyrotechnischen Einheit dagegen ist die Sicherungskontur bevorzugt die einzige elektrische Verbindung zwischen den zumindest zwei Anschlusselementen, sodass der Strom dann über den Sicherungskontur fließen muss, wobei der hier gegebene Widerstand zumindest geringer ist als bei einem Stromfluss über einen Lichtbogen.In this configuration of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker and in particular in the corresponding configuration of the current-carrying plate, the simple principle is used, according to which the current flows between two points along the path with the lowest resistance, which is why it can be assumed that in the initial state of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker, i.e before a corresponding triggering of the pyrotechnic unit, the current flows essentially via the fuse conductor or, if several fuse conductors are provided, via the fuse conductor and not via the fuse contour, ie the fuse. After triggering the pyrotechnic unit on the other hand, the fuse contour is preferably the only electrical connection between the at least two connection elements, so that the current then has to flow via the fuse contour, the resistance given here being at least lower than when current flows via an arc.

Die nach einer Durchtrennung des zumindest einen Sicherungsleiters oder aller Sicherungsleiter im Auslösefall gegebenenfalls noch vorhandene Restspannung zwischen den Anschlusselementen und insbesondere die gegebenenfalls noch vorhandene elektrische Energie wird dann mittels der Sicherungskontur abgebaut, wobei die gegebenenfalls noch vorhandene elektrische Energie im Wesentlichen in der Sicherungskontur in Wärme umgewandelt wird, wodurch die Sicherungskontur und somit die Schmelzsicherung anschmilzt oder durchschmilzt.The residual voltage that may still be present between the connection elements after the at least one fuse conductor or all fuse conductors have been severed in the event of a trip, and in particular the electrical energy that may still be present is then dissipated by means of the fuse contour, with the electrical energy that may still be present essentially being converted into heat in the fuse contour is, whereby the fuse contour and thus the safety fuse melts or melts through.

Bevorzugt ist weiter eine Ausgestaltung des pyrotechnischen Schutzschalters, bei der der Sicherungsleiter einerseits und die Sicherungskontur andererseits und insbesondere das gesamte Stromführungsblech, in einer Längsrichtung ausgedehnt sind oder sich in einer Längsrichtung erstrecken. Dabei sind der Sicherungsleiter und die Sicherungskontur in guter Näherung auch parallel zur Längsrichtung angeordnet und an ihren in Längsrichtung gegenüberliegenden Enden, insbesondere lediglich an ihren in Längsrichtung gegenüberliegenden Enden, jeweils über ein Anschlusselement miteinander und somit auch mit dem entsprechenden Anschlusselement verbunden.Also preferred is an embodiment of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker in which the safety conductor on the one hand and the safety contour on the other hand and in particular the entire current-carrying plate are extended in a longitudinal direction or extend in a longitudinal direction. The fuse conductor and the fuse contour are also arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction to a good approximation and are connected to each other at their opposite ends in the longitudinal direction, in particular only at their ends opposite in the longitudinal direction, via a connection element and thus also to the corresponding connection element.

In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung weist das Stromführungsblech zumindest zwei und insbesondere genau zwei parallel zur Längsrichtung angeordnete Sicherungsleiter auf, die im Auslösefall der pyrotechnischen Einheit bevorzugt alle bzw. beide durch den Trennkörper durchtrennt werden und zwischen denen die Sicherungskontur positioniert ist.In an advantageous development, the current-carrying plate has at least two and in particular exactly two fuse conductors arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction, all or both of which are preferably severed by the separating body when the pyrotechnic unit is triggered and between which the fuse contour is positioned.

In jedem Fall aber bildet ein Leiterstreifen die Sicherungskontur aus, wobei der Leiterstreifen beispielsweise eine S-Form oder eine gerade und langgestreckte Form aufweist.In any case, however, a conductor strip forms the fuse contour, the conductor strip having, for example, an S shape or a straight and elongated shape.

Zudem ist die Sicherungskontur durch einen Leiterstreifen ausgebildet, der mehrere, insbesondere mehr als zwei, voneinander beabstandete Querschnittsverjüngungen aufweist, die bevorzugt gleichartig ausgestaltet und/oder gleichmäßig verteilt positioniert sind, also insbesondere gleichmäßig über die Ausdehnung der Sicherungskontur in Längsrichtung verteilt angeordnet sind.In addition, the fuse contour is formed by a conductor strip, which has several, in particular more than two, spaced cross-sectional tapers, which are preferably configured in the same way and/or are positioned evenly distributed, i.e. in particular distributed evenly over the extent of the fuse contour in the longitudinal direction.

Jede dieser Querschnittsverjüngungen, die jeweils den Querschnitt der Sicherungskontur quer zur Längsrichtung lokal verringern, bildet dabei quasi eine eigene, einfache Schmelzsicherung aus, so dass bei einer Sicherungskontur mit mehreren Querschnittsverjüngungen quasi mehrere Schmelzsicherungen in Reihe geschaltet sind und in beispielsweise in Längsrichtung nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Dabei wirkt jede dieser einfachen Schmelzsicherungen, also jede dieser Querschnittsverjüngungen, wie ein elektrischer Widerstand oder ein elektrischer Schalter, über dem ein Teil der gegebenenfalls zwischen den Anschlussarmen anliegenden Spannung abfällt. Demnach ergibt sich nach der Kirchhoffschen Maschenregel dann die Gesamtspannung aus der Summe der Teilspannungen. Als Folge lässt sich ein Lichtbogeneffekt verhindern, indem die Anzahl der Querschnittsverjüngungen geeignet erhöht wird, wenn von einer höheren Restspannung zwischen den Anschlussarmen nach einem Auslösefall auszugehen ist. Dabei ist typischerweise anzunehmen, dass ein Lichtbogen je nach Material des stromführenden Leiters, erst bei einer Spannung von etwa 12V (bei Kupfer zwischen 12V und 13V/bei Aluminium schon ab etwa 10V) entsteht und dementsprechend wird dafür gesorgt, dass bei einer zu erwartenden Restspannung zwischen den Anschlussarmen nach einem Auslösefall so viele Querschnittsverjüngung realisiert werden, dass über jeder einzelnen Querschnittsverjüngung eine Spannung abfällt, die geringer als die kritische Spannung von etwa 12V ist.Each of these cross-sectional tapers, which locally reduce the cross-section of the fuse contour transversely to the longitudinal direction, forms its own, simple fuse, so that in the case of a fuse contour with several cross-sectional tapers, several fuses are connected in series and are arranged next to one another, for example in the longitudinal direction. In this case, each of these simple safety fuses, that is to say each of these cross-sectional reductions, acts like an electrical resistor or an electrical switch, across which part of the voltage that may be present between the connection arms drops. According to Kirchhoff's mesh rule, the total stress then results from the sum of the partial stresses. As a result, an arcing effect can be prevented by suitably increasing the number of cross-sectional reductions when a higher residual voltage between the connection arms after a trip event is to be assumed. It can typically be assumed that an arc, depending on the material of the current-carrying conductor, only occurs at a voltage of around 12V (in the case of copper between 12V and 13V/in the case of aluminum from around 10V) and accordingly it is ensured that an expected residual voltage between the connection arms after a triggering event so many reductions in cross section are realized that a voltage drop across each individual cross section reduction is lower than the critical voltage of about 12V.

Zudem ist eine Ausgestaltung des pyrotechnischen Schutzschalters von Vorteil, bei dem auf die Sicherungskontur zumindest eine Lötperle, z.B. aus Zinn, aufgebracht ist. Die entsprechende Lötperle ist dabei weiter bevorzugt im Bereich einer Querschnittsverjüngung der Sicherungskontur positioniert. Weist die Sicherungskontur mehrere Querschnittsverjüngungen auf, so ist zudem eine Ausgestaltung von Vorteil, bei der im Bereich einer jeden Querschnittsverjüngung eine Lötperle auf die Sicherungskontur aufgebracht ist. In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung sind zudem Lötperlen sowohl auf eine Oberseite als auch auf eine der Oberseite gegenüberliegenden Unterseite auf die Sicherungskontur aufgebracht, wobei im Falle mehrerer Querschnittsverjüngungen zudem bevorzugt im Bereich einer jeden Querschnittsverbindung je eine Lötperle auf der Oberseite und eine auf der Unterseite auf die Sicherungskontur aufgebracht ist.In addition, an embodiment of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is advantageous in which at least one soldering bead, for example made of tin, is applied to the fuse contour. The corresponding soldering bead is more preferably positioned in the area of a cross-sectional narrowing of the securing contour. If the fuse contour has a plurality of cross-sectional constrictions, an embodiment is also advantageous in which a solder bead is provided in the area of each cross-sectional constriction applied to the fuse contour. In an advantageous development, solder balls are also applied to the fuse contour both on an upper side and on an underside opposite the upper side, with one solder ball being applied to the fuse contour on the upper side and one on the underside, preferably in the area of each cross-sectional connection, in the case of several cross-sectional tapers is.

Günstig ist außerdem eine Ausführung, bei der auf die Sicherungskontur ein lonisationshemmer aufgebracht ist, beispielsweise ein Alkalimetallsalz. Ein entsprechender lonisationshemmer ist dabei insbesondere als sogenannter Flammenlöscher oder Funkenlöscher vorgesehen. Das dabei ausgenutzte Prinzip ist auch als Funkenlöschung bekannt. Konkret ist hier mit "Flamme" der Lichtbogen gemeint, da dieser für eine hohe Wärmeentwicklung sorgt. Prinzipiell soll hier die Lichtbogenentstehung beispielsweise mithilfe von bestimmten Gasen oder Stoffen verhindert werden.Also favorable is an embodiment in which an ionization inhibitor, for example an alkali metal salt, is applied to the fuse contour. A corresponding ionization inhibitor is provided in particular as a so-called flame extinguisher or spark extinguisher. The principle used is also known as spark quenching. Specifically, "flame" means the arc here, as this causes a lot of heat to be generated. In principle, the formation of arcs should be prevented here, for example with the help of certain gases or substances.

Von Vorteil ist zudem eine Ausgestaltung des pyrotechnischen Schutzschalters, bei der dieser für einen Strompfad oder Stromkreis mit einem vorgegebenen Nennstrom ausgebildet ist und bei der die Sicherungskontur eine Schmelzsicherung ausbildet, wobei der Sicherungswert oder Sicherungsschwellwert der Schmelzsicherung und damit der Sicherungskontur, kleiner als der vorgegebene Nennstrom ist.Another advantage is an embodiment of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker in which it is designed for a current path or circuit with a specified nominal current and in which the fuse contour forms a fuse, the fuse value or fuse threshold value of the fuse and thus of the fuse contour being smaller than the specified nominal current is.

Ein entsprechender pyrotechnischer Schutzschalter ist zweckdienlicherweise für ein Versorgungsnetz und, wie bereits zuvor erwähnt, bevorzugt für ein Bordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeuges ausgelegt und wird dementsprechend in einem solchen Versorgungsnetz bzw. Bordnetz eingesetzt. Dabei ist der pyrotechnische Schutzschalter weiter bevorzugt für eine Versorgungsspannung >10 V, also beispielsweise 48 V, ausgelegt und somit beispielsweise für ein 48 V-Bordnetz.A corresponding pyrotechnic circuit breaker is expediently designed for a supply network and, as already mentioned, preferably for an on-board network of a motor vehicle and is accordingly used in such a supply network or on-board network. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker is more preferably designed for a supply voltage >10 V, ie 48 V for example, and thus for a 48 V vehicle electrical system, for example.

Außerdem ist der pyrotechnische Schutzschalter typischerweise für eine Versorgungsspannung < 500 V und insbesondere < 100 V eingerichtet und ausgelegt.In addition, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is typically set up and designed for a supply voltage of <500 V and in particular <100 V.

Weiter ist die pyrotechnische Einheit des pyrotechnischen Schutzschalters bevorzugt einfach gehalten und nach an sich bekanntem Grundprinzip aufgebaut. Dabei umfasst die pyrotechnische Einheit zweckdienlicherweise einen pyrotechnischen Treibsatz sowie einen elektrischen Zünder mit einem Signaleingang, so dass über den Signaleingang ein Auslösesignal oder Zündsignal in den Zünder eingespeist werden kann, welches den Zünder aktiviert und damit die Zündung des pyrotechnischen Treibsatzes auslöst. Der gezündete pyrotechnische Treibsatz wiederum beschleunigt den Trennkörper, welche typischerweise keilartig oder dornartig ausgestaltet ist und somit eine Art Schneide oder Trennschneide aufweist, so dass dieser auf das Stromführungsblech zugetrieben wird und in der Folge den zumindest einen Sicherungsleiter oder alle Sicherungsleiter durchtrennt. Somit bewirkt die Einspeisung eines Auslösesignals letzten Endes eine galvanische Trennung der Anschlusselemente und damit eine Unterbrechung der elektrischen Verbindung zwischen einem Eingangsanschluss und einem Ausgangsanschluss.Furthermore, the pyrotechnic unit of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is preferably kept simple and constructed according to a basic principle known per se. The pyrotechnic unit expediently comprises a pyrotechnic charge and an electrical igniter with a signal input, so that a trigger signal or ignition signal can be fed into the igniter via the signal input, which activates the igniter and thus triggers the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge. The ignited pyrotechnic propellant charge in turn accelerates the separating body, which is typically wedge-like or spike-like and thus has a kind of cutting edge or separating blade, so that it is driven towards the current-carrying plate and subsequently cuts through the at least one fuse conductor or all fuse conductors. Thus, feeding in a triggering signal ultimately causes a galvanic isolation of the connection elements and thus an interruption of the electrical connection between an input connection and an output connection.

Im Rahmen des Einbaus des pyrotechnischen Schutzschalters, also im Rahmen der Einbindung in einen Strompfad oder Stromkreis, wird der Signaleingang des Zünders signaltechnisch mit einem Signalgeber verbunden, durch welchen die Auslösebedingung für den pyrotechnischen Schutzschalter vorgegeben wird, der also beim Eintreten einer vorgegebenen Bedingung, dem Auslösefall, ein Auslösesignal generiert und an den pyrotechnischen Schalter übermittelt. Ist nun ein entsprechender pyrotechnischer Schutzschalter beispielsweise in einem Kraftfahrzeug verbaut, so dient zum Beispiel ein Airbag-Steuergerät im Kraftfahrzeug als Signalgeber, sodass im Falle eines Auslösens eines Airbags im Kraftfahrzeug auch der pyrotechnische Schutzschalter ausgelöst wird, also der pyrotechnische Treibsatz gezündet wird. Die Auslösung des pyrotechnischen Schutzschalters erfolgt dann, im Falle eines Verkehrsunfalls, wobei der pyrotechnische Schutzschalter hierbei typischer Weise derart in das Bordnetz des Kraftfahrzeuges eingebunden ist, dass durch die Auslösung elektrische Energiequellen des Kraftfahrzeuges nach einem Verkehrsunfall quasi isoliert und vom übrigen Kraftfahrzeug-Bordnetz getrennt werden. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass unfallbedingt freiliegende und/oder beschädigte elektrische Kabelverbindungen oder aber freiliegende und/oder beschädigte Elektronikkomponenten ein Risiko, insbesondere für Rettungskräfte, darstellen, also zum Beispiel auslaufendes Öl oder Benzin entzünden.As part of the installation of the pyrotechnical circuit breaker, i.e. as part of the integration into a current path or circuit, the signal input of the igniter is connected to a signal generator, which specifies the triggering condition for the pyrotechnical circuit breaker, i.e. when a specified condition occurs, the Trigger case, a trigger signal generated and transmitted to the pyrotechnic switch. If a corresponding pyrotechnic circuit breaker is installed in a motor vehicle, for example, an airbag control unit in the motor vehicle serves as a signal transmitter, so that if an airbag in the motor vehicle is triggered, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is also triggered, i.e. the pyrotechnic propellant charge is ignited. The pyrotechnic circuit breaker is then triggered in the event of a traffic accident, with the pyrotechnic circuit breaker typically being integrated into the vehicle electrical system in such a way that, after a traffic accident, the electrical energy sources of the motor vehicle are, as it were, isolated and separated from the rest of the vehicle electrical system . This prevents electrical cable connections that are exposed and/or damaged as a result of an accident or are exposed and/or damaged electronic components pose a risk, especially for rescue workers, e.g. igniting leaking oil or petrol.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand einer schematischen Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigen:

FIG 1
in einer Seitenansicht ein pyrotechnischer Schutzschalter mit einem Stromführungsblech,
FIG 2
in einer Aufsicht das Stromführungsblech sowie
FIG 3
in einer perspektivischen Ansicht das Stromführungsblech.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below using a schematic drawing. Show in it:
FIG 1
in a side view, a pyrotechnic circuit breaker with a current-carrying plate,
FIG 2
in a top view the current conducting plate as well
FIG 3
in a perspective view the current conducting plate.

Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren jeweils mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures.

Ein nachfolgend exemplarisch beschriebener und in Fig. 1 skizzierter pyrotechnischer Schutzschalter 2 ist für den Einsatz in einem Bordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeuges ausgelegt und wird dementsprechend bevorzugt in einem Bordnetz eines Kraftfahrzeuges eingesetzt. Jener pyrotechnische Schutzschalter 2 weist dabei eine pyrotechnische Einheit 4 sowie einen Trennkörper 6 auf, welche in einem Gehäuse 8 untergebracht sind. Die pyrotechnische Einheit 4 ist dabei nach an sich bekanntem Prinzip angebaut und über einen Signaleingang 10 ansteuerbar und infolgedessen mittels eines elektrischen Signals aktivierbar oder auslösbar.An example described below and in 1 Sketched pyrotechnic circuit breaker 2 is designed for use in an electrical system of a motor vehicle and is therefore preferably used in an electrical system of a motor vehicle. That pyrotechnic circuit breaker 2 has a pyrotechnic unit 4 and a separating body 6 which are housed in a housing 8 . The pyrotechnic unit 4 is installed according to a principle known per se and can be controlled via a signal input 10 and consequently activated or triggered by means of an electrical signal.

Geht nun über den Signaleingang 10 ein entsprechendes elektrisches Signal ein, so wird die pyrotechnische Einheit 4 aktiviert und der Auslösefall liegt vor. Daraufhin wird durch die pyrotechnische Einheit 4 der Trennkörper 6 beschleunigt und dieser durchtrennt dann mit einer Trennschneide 12 einen stromführenden Leiter, also einen elektrischen Leiter, der für eine Stromführung vorgesehen und hierfür ausgelegt ist.If a corresponding electrical signal is now received via the signal input 10, the pyrotechnic unit 4 is activated and the triggering event is present. The separating body 6 is then accelerated by the pyrotechnical unit 4 and this then cuts through a current-carrying conductor with a cutting edge 12, ie an electrical conductor which is provided and designed for carrying a current.

Der stromführende Leiter ist dabei im Ausführungsbeispiel durch ein in Fig. 2 und Fig. 3 dargestelltes Stromführungsblech 14 oder Stanzblech ausgebildet und verbindet im Ausgangszustand, also bis zu einer Aktivierung der pyrotechnischen Einheit 4, zwei Anschlussarme 16, die an gegenüberliegenden Seiten aus dem Gehäuse 8 des pyrotechnischen Schutzschalters 2 herausragen. Diese zwei Anschlussarme 16, die Teil des pyrotechnischen Schutzschalters 2 sind und ebenfalls durch das einteilige und einstückige Stromführungsblech 14 oder Stanzblech ausgebildet sind, bilden im verbauten Zustand des pyrotechnischen Schutzschalters 2 zwei Anschlusselemente aus, wobei eines der zwei Anschlusselemente als Eingangsanschluss für eine Stromzuflussleitung und das andere der zwei Anschlusselemente als Ausgangsanschluss für eine Stromabführleitung dient.In the exemplary embodiment, the current-carrying conductor is marked by an in 2 and 3 shown current-carrying sheet metal 14 or stamped sheet metal and connects in the initial state, ie until activation of the pyrotechnic unit 4, two connection arms 16 which protrude from the housing 8 of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 2 on opposite sides. These two connection arms 16, which are part of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 2 and are also formed by the one-piece and one-piece current-carrying sheet metal 14 or stamped sheet metal, form two connection elements when the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 2 is installed, with one of the two connection elements serving as an input connection for a power supply line and the the other of the two connection elements serves as an output connection for a current discharge line.

Jene zwei Anschlussarme 16 sind also im Ausganszustand des pyrotechnischen Schutzschalters 2 durch den stromführende Leiter, der im Ausführungsbeispiel durch zwei jeweils als Leiterstreifen ausgestaltete Sicherungsleiter 18 ausgebildet ist, mechanisch und elektrisch leitend verbunden. Hierbei ist das Stromführungsblech oder Stanzblech 14 in einer Längsrichtung 20 ausgedehnt und die beiden Anschlussarme 16 sind in Längsrichtung 20 nebeneinander angeordnet. Dabei sind die beiden Sicherungsleiter 18 als Leiterstreifen wiederum in Längsrichtung 20 ausgedehnt und in Längsrichtung 20 gesehen zwischen den beiden Anschlussarmen 16 positioniert. Weiter sind die beiden Sicherungsleiter 18 jeweils parallel zur Längsrichtung 20 ausgerichtet, so dass jeder der beiden Sicherungsleiter 18 die beiden Anschlussarme 16 im Ausgangszustand mechanisch und elektrisch leitend verbindet.Those two connection arms 16 are thus mechanically and electrically conductively connected in the initial state of the pyrotechnical circuit breaker 2 by the current-carrying conductor, which in the exemplary embodiment is formed by two safety conductors 18 each configured as a conductor strip. In this case, the current-carrying sheet metal or stamped sheet metal 14 is extended in a longitudinal direction 20 and the two connection arms 16 are arranged next to one another in the longitudinal direction 20 . The two fuse conductors 18 are in turn extended as conductor strips in the longitudinal direction 20 and are positioned between the two connection arms 16 when viewed in the longitudinal direction 20 . Furthermore, the two fuse conductors 18 are each aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction 20, so that each of the two fuse conductors 18 mechanically and electrically conductively connects the two connection arms 16 in the initial state.

Im Auslösefall werden dann diese zwei den stromführenden Leiter ausbildenden Sicherungsleiter 18 durch die Trennschneide 12 des Trennkörpers 6 durchtrennt. Die Trennung erfolgt dabei entlang einer Trennlinie 22, entlang derer die Trennschneide 12 angeordnet ist, wobei die Trennschneide 12 im Ausführungsbeispiel in einem Mittenbereich eine nicht näher dargestellte Unterbrechung aufweist.In the event of a trigger, these two fuse conductors 18 forming the current-carrying conductor are severed by the separating blade 12 of the separating body 6 . The separation takes place along a separating line 22, along which the separating blade 12 is arranged, the separating blade 12 having an interruption, not shown in detail, in a central region in the exemplary embodiment.

Weiter weist das Stromführungsblech oder Stanzblech 14 im Ausführungsbeispiel eine Sicherungskontur 24 auf, die wiederum in Längsrichtung 20 ausgedehnt ist. Dabei ist jene Sicherungskontur 24 parallel zur Längsrichtung 20 und somit auch parallel zu den beiden Sicherungsleitern 18 ausgerichtet und zwischen den zwei Sicherungsleitern 18 angeordnet. So wie jeder der beiden Sicherungsleiter 18 verbindet auch die Sicherungskontur 24 im Ausgangszustand die beiden Anschlussarme 16 mechanisch und elektrisch leitend miteinander. Hierfür ist die Sicherungskontur 24 in Längsrichtung 20 gesehen an beiden Enden mit den Anschlussarmen 16 verbunden. Im Gegensatz zu den Sicherungsleitern 18 wird die Sicherungskontur 24 jedoch im Auslösefall der pyrotechnischen Einheit 4 nicht durchtrennt, weswegen die Trennschneide 12 die zuvor beschriebene Unterbrechung im Mittenbereich aufweist.Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment, the current-carrying sheet metal or stamped sheet metal 14 has a securing contour 24 which in turn extends in the longitudinal direction 20 . In this case, that fuse contour 24 is aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction 20 and thus also parallel to the two fuse conductors 18 and is arranged between the two fuse conductors 18 . Like each of the two safety conductors 18, the safety contour 24 also connects the two connection arms 16 to one another mechanically and electrically conductively in the initial state. For this purpose, the securing contour 24 is connected to the connecting arms 16 at both ends, viewed in the longitudinal direction 20 . In contrast to the safety conductors 18, however, the safety contour 24 is not severed when the pyrotechnic unit 4 is triggered, which is why the separating blade 12 has the previously described interruption in the central area.

Die Sicherungskontur 24 dient nach einem Auslösefall der pyrotechnischen Einheit 4, also nach einer erfolgten Durchtrennung der Sicherungsleiter 18, zur Unterbindung von Lichtbögen im Bereich der Trennstellen der durchtrennten Sicherungsleiter 18. Hier wirkt die Sicherungskontur 24 wie eine Art Schmelzsicherung, über die eine gegebenenfalls über den Anschlussarmen 16 anliegende Restspannung abgebaut wird und zwar insbesondere ohne dass eine relevante Menge an elektrischer Energie von einem Anschlussarm 16 an den anderen Anschlussarm 16 übertragen wird. Stattdessen wird die gegebenenfalls vorhandene elektrische Energie in der Sicherungskontur 24 in Wärme umgewandelt, so dass diese zumindest Stellenweise anschmilzt und/oder durchschmilzt. Sofern die Sicherungskontur 24 an zumindest einer Stelle durchschmilzt, so ist nachfolgend zwischen den beiden Anschlussarmen 16 keine elektrische Verbindung mehr gegeben.After the pyrotechnic unit 4 has been triggered, i.e. after the fuse conductors 18 have been severed, the fuse contour 24 serves to prevent arcing in the area of the separation points of the severed fuse conductors 18 Connection arms 16 applied residual voltage is reduced, in particular without a relevant amount of electrical energy being transmitted from one connection arm 16 to the other connection arm 16. Instead, any electrical energy that may be present in the fuse contour 24 is converted into heat, so that it melts and/or melts through at least in places. If the fuse contour 24 melts through at least one point, then there is no longer any electrical connection between the two connection arms 16 .

Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich weist die Sicherungskontur 24 im Ausführungsbeispiel mehrere entlang der Längsrichtung 20 gleichmäßig verteilt angeordnete Querschnittsverjüngungen 26 auf. Jede dieser gleichartig ausgestatteten Querschnittsverjüngungen 26, die jeweils den Querschnitt der Sicherungskontur 24 quer zur Längsrichtung 20 und parallel zur Trennlinie 22 lokal verringern, bildet quasi eine eigene, einfache Schmelzsicherung aus, so dass im Ausführungsbeispiel quasi mehrere Schmelzsicherungen in Reihe geschaltet und in Längsrichtung 20 nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Dabei wirkt jede dieser Schmelzsicherungen, also jede dieser Querschnittsverjüngungen 26 wie ein elektrischer Widerstand oder ein elektrischer Schalter, über dem ein Teil der gegebenenfalls zwischen den Anschlussarmen 16 anliegenden Spannung abfällt. Demnach ergibt sich nach der Kirschhoffschen Maschenregel die Gesamtspannung aus der Summe der Teilspannungen. Als Folge lässt sich dann ein Lichtbogeneffekt verhindern, indem die Anzahl der Querschnittsverjüngungen 26 geeignet erhöht wird, wenn von einer höheren Restspannung zwischen den Anschlussarmen 16 nach einem Auslösefall auszugehen ist. Dabei ist typischerweise davon auszugehen, dass ein Lichtbogen je nach Material des stromführenden Leiters 14, erst bei einer Spannung von etwa 12V (bei Kupfer zwischen 12V und 13V/bei Aluminium schon ab etwa 10V) entsteht und dementsprechend wird dafür gesorgt, dass bei einer zu erwartenden Restspannung zwischen den Anschlussarmen 16 nach einem Auslösefall so viele Querschnittsverjüngung 26 realisiert werden, dass über jeder einzelnen Querschnittsverjüngung 26 eine Spannung oder Teilspannung abfällt, die geringer als die kritische Spannung von etwa 12V ist.How out 2 As can be seen, the securing contour 24 in the exemplary embodiment has a plurality of cross-sectional constrictions 26 distributed uniformly along the longitudinal direction 20 . Each of these similarly equipped cross-sectional tapers 26, which locally reduce the cross-section of the fuse contour 24 transversely to the longitudinal direction 20 and parallel to the dividing line 22, forms a quasi separate, simple safety fuse, so that in the exemplary embodiment several safety fuses are connected in series and next to one another in the longitudinal direction 20 are arranged. In this case, each of these safety fuses, ie each of these cross-sectional constrictions 26, acts like an electrical resistance or a electrical switch across which part of the voltage that may be present between the connection arms 16 drops. According to Kirschhoff's mesh rule, the total stress results from the sum of the partial stresses. As a result, an arcing effect can then be prevented by suitably increasing the number of cross-sectional tapers 26 if a higher residual voltage between the connection arms 16 after a tripping event is to be assumed. It can typically be assumed that an arc, depending on the material of the current-carrying conductor 14, only occurs at a voltage of around 12V (in the case of copper between 12V and 13V/in the case of aluminum from around 10V) and accordingly it is ensured that at a too expected residual voltage between the connection arms 16 after a triggering case, so many cross-sectional reductions 26 are realized that a voltage or partial voltage drops across each individual cross-sectional reduction 26, which is less than the critical voltage of about 12V.

Außerdem ist im Ausführungsbeispiel im Bereich einer jeden Querschnittsverjüngung 26 jeweils eine Lötperle 28 auf der Oberseite und eine Lötperle 28 auf der Unterseite der Sicherungskontur 24 aufgebracht, durch die ein gewünschtes Aufschmelzverhalten für die Sicherungskontur 24 realisiert wird. Im Falle einer alternativen Ausgestaltungsvariante ist alternativ oder zusätzlich ein lonisationshemmer auf die Sicherungskontur 24 aufgebracht, der als Flammlöscher dient und beispielsweise ein Salz der Alkalimetalle aufweist.In addition, in the exemplary embodiment in the area of each cross-sectional taper 26, a soldering bead 28 is applied on the upper side and a soldering bead 28 on the underside of the fuse contour 24, through which a desired melting behavior for the fuse contour 24 is realized. In the case of an alternative embodiment variant, an ionization inhibitor is applied to the safety contour 24 as an alternative or in addition, which serves as a flame extinguisher and has, for example, a salt of the alkali metals.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das vorstehend beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt.The invention is not limited to the embodiment described above.

BezugszeichenlisteReference List

22
pyrotechnischer Schutzschalterpyrotechnic circuit breaker
44
pyrotechnische Einheitpyrotechnic unit
66
Trennkörperseparator
88th
GehäuseHousing
1010
Signaleingangsignal input
1212
Trennschneidecutting edge
1414
Stromführungsblechcurrent conducting plate
1616
Anschlusselement/AnschlussarmConnection element/connection arm
1818
Sicherungsleiterbackup ladder
2020
Längsrichtunglongitudinal direction
2222
Trennlinieparting line
2424
Sicherungskonturbackup contour
2626
Querschnittsverjüngungtaper
2828
Lötperlesolder bead

Claims (12)

  1. Pyrotechnic protective switch (2) having a one-piece conductor plate (14) with at least two connection elements (16) and with at least one fuse conductor (18) connecting the at least two connection elements (16), a pyrotechnic unit (4) and a separating element (6) for severing the at least one fuse conductor (18) in the event of actuation, and a housing (8),
    characterized in that
    the conductor plate (14) has a fuse contour (24) which is connected in parallel with the fuse conductor (18) and is designed as a safety fuse, wherein the fuse contour (24) is designed as a conductor strip, wherein the conductor strip has a plurality of cross-sectional tapers (26) which are spaced apart from one another, and wherein each of these cross-sectional tapers (26) forms its own separate, simple safety fuse as it were, so that the fuse contour (24) consists of a plurality of simple safety fuses connected in series, and the fuse contour (24) is retained for the pyrotechnical unit (4) in the event of actuation and is subsequently the only electrical connection which connects the at least two connection elements (16).
  2. Pyrotechnic protective switch (2) according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the fuse conductor (18) on the one hand and the fuse contour (24) on the other hand are extended in a longitudinal direction (20) and are arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction (20), and in that the fuse conductor (18) and the fuse contour (24) are connected to one another at their opposite ends in the longitudinal direction (20) in each case via a connecting element (16).
  3. Pyrotechnic protective switch (2) according to claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the conductor plate (14) has two fuse conductors (18) arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction (20), between which the fuse contour (24) is positioned.
  4. Pyrotechnic protective switch (2) according to claim 3,
    characterized in that
    the separating element (6) is designed in such a way that, in the event of the pyrotechnic unit (4) being actuated, both fuse conductors (18) are intersected by the separating element (6).
  5. Pyrotechnic protective switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that
    at least one solder bead (28) is applied to the fuse contour (24).
  6. Pyrotechnic protective switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that
    a solder bead (28) is applied to the fuse contour (24) in the region of each cross-sectional taper (26).
  7. Pyrotechnic protective switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
    characterized in that
    in the region of each cross-sectional taper (26) a solder bead (28) is applied to the fuse contour (24) on an upper side and a lower side.
  8. Pyrotechnic protective switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7,
    characterized in that
    an ionisation inhibitor is applied to the fuse contour (24).
  9. Pyrotechnic protective switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8,
    characterized in that
    it is designed for a current path with a predetermined nominal current and in that the fuse contour (24) forms a safety fuse, the fuse threshold value being smaller than the predetermined nominal current.
  10. Pyrotechnic protective switch (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that
    the conductor plate (14) is designed as a punched bending plate (14).
  11. A supply network, in particular a motor vehicle electrical system, comprising a pyrotechnical protective switch (2) according to one of the previous claims,
    characterized in that
    this is set up for a supply voltage greater than 10 V.
  12. Supply network according to claim 11,
    characterized in that
    this is set up for a supply voltage of less than 100 V.
EP18718832.1A 2017-05-08 2018-04-20 Pyrotechnic circuit breaker and supply grid with a pyrotechnic circuit breaker Active EP3622549B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017207739.5A DE102017207739B3 (en) 2017-05-08 2017-05-08 Pyrotechnic circuit breaker and supply network with a pyrotechnic circuit breaker
PCT/EP2018/060219 WO2018206273A1 (en) 2017-05-08 2018-04-20 Pyrotechnic circuit breaker and supply grid with a pyrotechnic circuit breaker

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3622549A1 EP3622549A1 (en) 2020-03-18
EP3622549B1 true EP3622549B1 (en) 2023-06-07

Family

ID=62025880

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18718832.1A Active EP3622549B1 (en) 2017-05-08 2018-04-20 Pyrotechnic circuit breaker and supply grid with a pyrotechnic circuit breaker

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3622549B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102017207739B3 (en)
WO (1) WO2018206273A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020104935A1 (en) 2020-02-25 2021-08-26 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Disconnection device, high-voltage electrical system and motor vehicle

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2428569C3 (en) * 1974-06-14 1980-01-31 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen One-piece fusible link for low-voltage fuses
US4654620A (en) 1986-03-14 1987-03-31 Commercial Enclosed Fuse Co. Of New Jersey Asymmetrical fuse links
DE19832234A1 (en) * 1998-07-17 2000-01-20 Pudenz Wilhelm Gmbh Electrical fuse element with melting strips arranged between connecting pieces
EP1654793B1 (en) 2003-08-08 2016-07-06 Delphi Technologies Inc. Circuit interruption device
DE102008036672B3 (en) 2008-08-06 2010-03-04 Leoni Bordnetz-Systeme Gmbh Electrical fuse for protecting electrical circuit in automobile against overload, has connecting piece with conductive cross-section larger than that of strip in zone, where piece continuously passes into circular formation of strip
DE102011014343A1 (en) 2011-03-18 2012-09-20 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) Safety device for a power supply of a motor vehicle
DE102012221664B4 (en) * 2012-09-25 2022-04-21 Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh short-circuit switch
DE102012022083B4 (en) * 2012-11-09 2022-12-08 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Electrical supply network for a motor vehicle
EP2996134B1 (en) * 2014-09-09 2017-04-26 Airbus Safran Launchers SAS Pyrotechnic circuit breaker with improved cutting of the bus bar

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3622549A1 (en) 2020-03-18
DE102017207739B3 (en) 2018-08-23
WO2018206273A1 (en) 2018-11-15

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