EP3607147B1 - Offshore foundation - Google Patents

Offshore foundation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3607147B1
EP3607147B1 EP18748873.9A EP18748873A EP3607147B1 EP 3607147 B1 EP3607147 B1 EP 3607147B1 EP 18748873 A EP18748873 A EP 18748873A EP 3607147 B1 EP3607147 B1 EP 3607147B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
length
profile
over
grouting compound
partial length
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EP18748873.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3607147A1 (en
Inventor
Karlheinz Daum
Daniel Bartminn
Claus Linnemann
Collin BILLINGTON
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RWE Renewables Europe and Australia GmbH
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RWE Renewables GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E02D27/525—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water using elements penetrating the underwater ground
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E02D27/425—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys specially adapted for wind motors masts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/0008—Methods for grouting offshore structures; apparatus therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/027—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto steel structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
    • E02D5/30—Prefabricated piles made of concrete or reinforced concrete or made of steel and concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/48—Piles varying in construction along their length, i.e. along the body between head and shoe, e.g. made of different materials along their length
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
    • E02B2017/0043—Placing the offshore structure on a pre-installed foundation structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0065—Monopile structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2200/00—Geometrical or physical properties
    • E02D2200/16—Shapes
    • E02D2200/1685—Shapes cylindrical
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2250/00—Production methods
    • E02D2250/0023—Cast, i.e. in situ or in a mold or other formwork
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0001—Rubbers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
    • E02D2300/0006—Plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
    • E02D2300/0018—Cement used as binder
    • E02D2300/002—Concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0026—Metals
    • E02D2300/0029—Steel; Iron
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0051—Including fibers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an offshore structure with a foundation structure, the foundation structure having at least a first and a second profile, the first profile being designed as a pile and the second profile as a pile sleeve, the second profile enclosing the first profile over a penetration length, with a gap is formed between the first and the second profile, the gap has a casting compound filling over the entire penetration length, on the first and / or the second profile thrust elements are provided and the thrust elements extend into the gap and effect an axial load transfer into the casting compound filling.
  • Such structures are for example from the publication DE 10 2012 020871 A basically known.
  • the invention relates to an offshore structure as defined in claim 1 and in particular to a cast connection on such an offshore structure.
  • a cast connection is referred to in technical jargon as a so-called "grouted joint".
  • Grouted joints are structural elements that are decisive for the structural integrity of offshore structures and are usually the only connection between a foundation structure or a foundation and a supporting structure.
  • Such connections can be found, for example, in so-called monopile foundations between the monopile and a transition piece.
  • Grouted joints can also be found, for example, in jacket foundations, which are made up of profile piles and pile sleeves. Especially when it comes to founding In offshore wind turbines, casting compounds of the type mentioned at the beginning play an essential role.
  • connections usually comprise two cylindrical steel pipes of different diameters, which are connected to one another by a grouting mortar.
  • the tube with the smaller diameter is usually referred to as a pile, while the larger, enclosing tube is referred to as a pile sleeve or sleeve.
  • the space remaining between the pile and the sleeve is filled with a grouting mortar or a grouting compound, which is also known as a grout in technical jargon.
  • Potting compound connections or potted connections of this type are primarily used to transfer axial loads of the structure into the seabed. The compressive strength of the potting compound after it has hardened is decisive for the load-bearing behavior of potted connections.
  • shear ribs are ribs, projections, webs or the like, which are attached to the mutually facing sides of the profiles and which protrude into the space between the profiles in such a way that they are enclosed by the potting compound.
  • shear ribs By using shear ribs, axial loads are transferred to the grouting mortar via the contact surfaces. This increases the size of the thrust-transmitting contact surfaces.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing an offshore structure or a cast connection on an offshore structure which is improved with regard to the load-bearing and failure behavior.
  • One aspect of the invention relates to an offshore structure with a foundation structure, the foundation structure having at least a first and a second profile, the first profile being designed as a pile and the second profile as a pile sleeve, the second profile enclosing the first profile over a penetration length, wherein a gap is formed between the first and the second profile, the gap has a casting compound filling over the entire penetration length, on the first and / or the second profile thrust elements, for example in the form of thrust ribs or the like, are provided, the thrust elements extend into the gap and an axial load transfer in cause the potting compound filling, the thrust elements being provided only over a first partial length of the penetration length, the first partial length being between 65 and 90% of the total penetration length and a second partial length being free of thrust elements, the second partial length being the upper length of the penetration length in the installed position forms.
  • the structure is characterized in that the first profile and / or the second profile have an adhesion-reducing coating over the second partial length (L2) on the side facing the gap and / or between the first profile and / or the second profile and the casting compound filling the second partial length (L2) of the penetration length is a layer made of an elastic material, such as an expanded thermoplastic material.
  • These diagonally formed compression struts preferably generate corresponding reaction forces on the underside of the thrust elements, so that it has surprisingly been found to be particularly advantageous to provide the thrust elements only over part of the length of the penetration length, and in particular that area of the penetration length or the potting length that is in the installation position of the profile is at the top, free of thrust elements This advantageously prevents a loss of potting compound or a swelling out or sliding out of the potting compound from the enclosure of the profiles, whereby the load-bearing strength of the potted connection is significantly improved.
  • a design of the cast connection or of the offshore structure has proven to be particularly advantageous in which the second part length has a length between the is one and two times the width of the gap.
  • the space between the profiles can be, for example, about 500 mm wide.
  • the diameter of the second profile can be approximately 2.5 to 3 m, for example.
  • a hydraulically setting casting compound for example a high-strength concrete, is provided as the casting compound.
  • the profiles are preferably designed as cylindrical steel tubes, one steel tube being designed as a pile and the other steel tube as a sleeve.
  • the profiles can be part of a connection between the monopile and the transition piece of an offshore structure.
  • the profiles can alternatively be part of the foundation of an offshore structure with a jacket.
  • the presence of the adhesion-reducing coating or the layer made of an elastic material can ensure that the shear stresses arising from a relative movement of the profiles to one another are introduced into the potting compound only over the first part of the penetration length or only over a first part of the potting length. In this way it is ensured that a sealing compound plug remains in the upper area of the sealed connection, the integrity of which is not impaired by shear stresses introduced into the sealing compound.
  • the adhesion-reducing coating can preferably be provided either on the inside of the second profile facing the interspace or on the outside of the first profile facing the interspace, depending on which profile is subject to compressive and tensile loads in the axial direction. In the case of a jacket, for example, this can depend on whether the jacket was attached by pre-piling or post-piling.
  • a layer made of an elastic material preferably made of an expanded thermoplastic, is provided between the first profile and / or the second profile and the potting compound filling over the second partial length of the penetration length or the potting length.
  • the potting compound filling can have a first potting compound over the first partial length of the penetration length and a second potting compound over the second partial length of the penetration length, the second potting compound having a higher tensile and / or compressive strength than the first potting compound.
  • the second potting compound can be fiber-reinforced or reinforced.
  • the second casting compound can be designed as a fiber concrete.
  • the second potting compound has a higher ductility than the first potting compound.
  • the casting compound filling receives an insert component over the second partial length (L2) which is selected from a group of insert components comprising precast concrete elements, steel profiles and polymer building materials, the insert component having a higher tensile and or compressive strength than the casting compound.
  • a design of the encapsulated connection on the offshore structure has proven to be particularly advantageous in which the intermediate space is at least partially closed on the upper end face in the installed position.
  • the pile sleeve has an upper, inwardly protruding collar which partially covers an upper end face of the space in the installed position and thus prevents any brittle casting compound from emerging or swelling out.
  • the post has a collar or collar which closes the gap at the end.
  • reinforcement is attached to the first profile or to the second profile, which reinforcement extends over the second partial length of the penetration length.
  • the reinforcement is expediently provided on that profile that is not subject to alternating tensile and compressive loads.
  • the invention relates to an offshore structure 1 and in particular to a cast connection on an offshore structure 1.
  • the invention is described below with reference to an offshore structure 1 with a jacket foundation.
  • the principle of the encapsulated connection according to the invention can be transferred to different types of connections on offshore structures.
  • the offshore structure 1 comprises, for example, a tower structure 2, a transition piece 3, a so-called jacket 4 and an anchoring of the jacket 4 in the sea bed 5 in the form of piles 6 (piles) and pile sleeves 7 (sleeves).
  • the offshore structure 1 shown was founded by what is known as pre-piling, ie the piles 6 were driven into the sea bed 5 using a template and appropriate tools.
  • the pile sleeves 7, which are fastened to the jacket 4, were placed on the driven piles 6, whereby these penetrate the pile sleeves 7.
  • An intermediate space 8 or annular space between the piles 6 and the pile sleeves 7 was potted with a hardenable potting compound 11, for example a fiber concrete or the like.
  • FIG. 2 Another variant of the pile foundation is in Figure 2 shown. This type of formation is generally referred to as post-piling.
  • the pile sleeves 7 are first driven into the sea bed 5.
  • the feet of the jacket, which are each designed as a pole 6, are inserted into these.
  • the space between the pile 6 and the pile sleeve 7 is also filled with a hardenable potting compound.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b show the typical loading of the casting compound 11 when tensile or compressive forces are introduced, for example via the pile 6 in the case of a foundation, as shown in FIG Figure 2 is shown. With those in the Figures 3a and 3b The direction of loading is indicated by arrows 9.
  • the inner profile is a cylindrical pile 6, whereas the outer profile, which encloses the inner profile, forms the pile sleeve 7.
  • the space 8 is filled with a grouting mortar or a hydraulically setting grouting compound 11.
  • diagonal compression struts 10 arise between the pile 6 and the pile sleeve 7, which under certain circumstances have the effect that the casting compound 11 is pressed upwards out of the space 8.
  • the tendency of the casting compound 11 to move is indicated by the arrows 13
  • Figure 4 shows a partial longitudinal section through a cast connection according to the invention.
  • the formation of the grouted joint in the form of two penetrating cylindrical steel profiles as a pile 6 and pile sleeve 7 corresponds to the design according to Figures 3a and 3b .
  • the pile 6 and the pile sleeve 7 penetrate one another over a penetration length L total which corresponds to the potting length or the height of the potting compound 11 located in the intermediate space 8.
  • the total penetration length L is divided into a first partial length L1 and a second partial length L2, the second partial length L2 being the upper partial length in the installation position of the pile sleeve 7 and the first partial length L1 forming the lower partial length.
  • the partial length L2 of the penetration length is free of thrust elements.
  • the thrust ribs 12 are only provided in the area of the first partial length L1 of the penetration length.
  • the height of the second partial length L2 corresponds approximately to one to two times the width of the space 8 (0.5 x (inner diameter of the pile sleeve minus outer diameter of the pile)).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Offshore Bauwerk mit einer Gründungsstruktur, wobei die Gründungsstruktur wenigstens ein erstes und ein zweites Profil aufweist, das erste Profil als Pfahl und das zweite Profil als Pfahlhülse ausgebildet ist, das zweite Profil das erste Profil über eine Durchdringungslänge umschließt, wobei ein Zwischenraum zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Profil gebildet wird, der Zwischenraum über die gesamte Durchdringungslänge eine Vergussmassenfüllung aufweist, an dem ersten und/oder dem zweiten Profil Schubelemente vorgesehen sind und die Schubelemente sich in den Zwischenraum erstrecken und einen axialen Lastabtrag in die Vergussmassenfüllung bewirken. Derartige Bauwerke sind beispielsweise aus der Druckschrift DE 10 2012 020871 A grundsätzlich bekannt.The invention relates to an offshore structure with a foundation structure, the foundation structure having at least a first and a second profile, the first profile being designed as a pile and the second profile as a pile sleeve, the second profile enclosing the first profile over a penetration length, with a gap is formed between the first and the second profile, the gap has a casting compound filling over the entire penetration length, on the first and / or the second profile thrust elements are provided and the thrust elements extend into the gap and effect an axial load transfer into the casting compound filling. Such structures are for example from the publication DE 10 2012 020871 A basically known.

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Offshore Bauwerk, so wie es in Anspruch 1 definiert ist und insbesondere eine vergossene Verbindung an solch einem Offshore Bauwerk. Eine solche vergossene Verbindung wird im Fachjargon als sogenanntes "Grouted Joint" bezeichnet. Grouted Joints sind für die strukturelle Integrität von Offshore-Konstruktionen maßgebende Konstruktionselemente, die meistens die einzige Verbindung zwischen einer Gründungsstruktur oder einem Fundament und einer Tragstruktur darstellen. Solche Verbindungen finden sich beispielsweise bei sogenannten Monopile Gründungen zwischen dem Monopile und einem Übergangsstück (Transitionpiece). Grouted Joints finden sich darüber hinaus beispielsweise bei Jacket Fundamenten, die als Profile Piles und Pile-Sleeves umfassen. Insbesondere bei der Gründung von Offshore-Windenergieanlagen spielen Vergussmassen-Verbindungen der eingangs genannten Art eine wesentliche Rolle.The invention relates to an offshore structure as defined in claim 1 and in particular to a cast connection on such an offshore structure. Such a cast connection is referred to in technical jargon as a so-called "grouted joint". Grouted joints are structural elements that are decisive for the structural integrity of offshore structures and are usually the only connection between a foundation structure or a foundation and a supporting structure. Such connections can be found, for example, in so-called monopile foundations between the monopile and a transition piece. Grouted joints can also be found, for example, in jacket foundations, which are made up of profile piles and pile sleeves. Especially when it comes to founding In offshore wind turbines, casting compounds of the type mentioned at the beginning play an essential role.

Diese Verbindungen umfassen üblicherweise zwei zylindrische Stahlrohre unterschiedlichen Durchmessers, die durch einen Vergussmörtel miteinander verbunden werden. Das Rohr mit dem kleineren Durchmesser wird in der Regel als Pile bezeichnet, während das größere, umschließende Rohr als Pile-Sleeve oder Sleeve bezeichnet wird. Der zwischen dem Pile und der Sleeve verbleibende Zwischenraum wird mit einem Vergussmörtel oder einer Vergussmasse verfüllt, die im Fachjargon auch als Grout bezeichnet wird. Vergussmassen-Verbindungen oder vergossene Verbindungen dieser Art dienen in erster Linie dazu, axiale Lasten des Bauwerks in den Meeresuntergrund abzutragen. Maßgeblich für das Tragverhalten von vergossenen Verbindungen ist die Druckfestigkeit der Vergussmasse nach deren Aushärten.These connections usually comprise two cylindrical steel pipes of different diameters, which are connected to one another by a grouting mortar. The tube with the smaller diameter is usually referred to as a pile, while the larger, enclosing tube is referred to as a pile sleeve or sleeve. The space remaining between the pile and the sleeve is filled with a grouting mortar or a grouting compound, which is also known as a grout in technical jargon. Potting compound connections or potted connections of this type are primarily used to transfer axial loads of the structure into the seabed. The compressive strength of the potting compound after it has hardened is decisive for the load-bearing behavior of potted connections.

Eine wesentliche Steigerung der Tragfestigkeit von vergossenen Verbindungen wird im Stand der Technik durch die Verwendung von Schubrippen erreicht, die darüber hinaus auch eine Reduzierung der erforderlichen Vergusslänge bzw. Durchdringungslänge ermöglichen. Schubrippen sind Rippen, Vorsprünge, Stege oder dergleichen, die an den einander zugewandten Seiten der Profile befestigt sind und die in den Zwischenraum zwischen den Profilen so hervorstehen, dass sie von der Vergussmasse umschlossen werden. Durch die Verwendung von Schubrippen werden axiale Lasten über die Kontaktflächen in den Vergussmörtel abgetragen. Die Größe der schubübertragenden Kontaktflächen wird dadurch erhöht.A significant increase in the load-bearing strength of encapsulated connections is achieved in the prior art through the use of shear ribs, which also enable the required encapsulation length or penetration length to be reduced. Shear ribs are ribs, projections, webs or the like, which are attached to the mutually facing sides of the profiles and which protrude into the space between the profiles in such a way that they are enclosed by the potting compound. By using shear ribs, axial loads are transferred to the grouting mortar via the contact surfaces. This increases the size of the thrust-transmitting contact surfaces.

Im Stand der Technik werden grundsätzlich vergossene Verbindungen mit und ohne Schubrippen unterschieden, wobei die Verwendung von Schubrippen sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt hat. Untersuchungen über die Tragfähigkeit von vergossenen Verbindungen (siehe beispielsweise Dissertation " Betontechnologische Einflüsse auf das Tragverhalten von Grouted Joints" ISBN 978-3-936634-05-1 ) kommen zu dem Ergebnis, dass für die Tragfähigkeit von vergossenen Verbindungen die Druckfestigkeit und Steifigkeit des Vergussmörtels, die Geometrie der Stahlrohre und des vergossenen Zwischenraums, die Oberflächengenauigkeit der Stahlrohre, insbesondere die Höhe und der Abstand der Schubrippen sowie die Vergusslänge der Profile bzw. Stahlrohre eine Rolle spielen.In the prior art, a fundamental distinction is made between cast connections with and without shear ribs, the use of shear ribs having proven advantageous. Investigations into the load-bearing capacity of potted Connections (see for example dissertation " Concrete Technological Influences on the Structural Behavior of Grouted Joints "ISBN 978-3-936634-05-1 ) come to the conclusion that for the load-bearing capacity of grouted connections, the compressive strength and rigidity of the grouting mortar, the geometry of the steel pipes and the grouted space, the surface accuracy of the steel pipes, in particular the height and spacing of the shear ribs and the grouting length of the profiles or steel pipes play a role.

In der Praxis hat sich gezeigt, dass es trotz Optimierung der Vergusslänge, der Geometrie der Schubrippen und weiterer Maßnahmen zum Versagen vergossener Verbindungen kommt.In practice it has been shown that, despite optimization of the potting length, the geometry of the shear ribs and other measures, potted connections fail.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Offshore Bauwerk bzw. eine vergossene Verbindung an einem Offshore Bauwerk bereitzustellen, die hinsichtlich des Trag- und Versagensverhaltens verbessert ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing an offshore structure or a cast connection on an offshore structure which is improved with regard to the load-bearing and failure behavior.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Ein Gesichtspunkt der Erfindung betrifft ein Offshore Bauwerk mit einer Gründungsstruktur, wobei die Gründungsstruktur wenigstens ein erstes und ein zweites Profil aufweist, das erste Profil als Pfahl und das zweite Profil als Pfahlhülse ausgebildet ist, das zweite Profil das erste Profil über eine Durchdringungslänge umschließt, wobei ein Zwischenraum zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Profil gebildet wird, der Zwischenraum über die gesamte Durchdringungslänge eine Vergussmassenfüllung aufweist, an dem ersten und/oder dem zweiten Profil Schubelemente, beispielsweise in Form von Schubrippen oder dergleichen vorgesehen sind, die Schubelemente sich in den Zwischenraum erstrecken und eine axiale Lastabtragung in die Vergussmassenfüllung bewirken, wobei die Schubelemente nur über eine erste Teillänge der Durchdringungslänge vorgesehen sind, wobei die erste Teillänge zwischen 65 und 90 % der gesamten Durchdringungslänge beträgt und eine zweite Teillänge frei von Schubelementen ist, wobei die zweite Teillänge die in Einbaulage obere Länge der Durchdringungslänge bildet. Gekennzeichnet ist das Bauwerk dadurch, dass das erste Profil und/ oder das zweite Profil über die zweite Teillänge (L2) auf der dem Zwischenraum zugekehrten Seite eine haftungsvermindernde Beschichtung aufweisen und/oder zwischen dem ersten Profil und/oder dem zweiten Profil und der Vergussmassenfüllung über die zweite Teillänge (L2) der Durchdringungslänge eine Schicht aus einem elastischen Material, wie einem expandierten thermoplastischen Kunststoff, vorgesehen ist.One aspect of the invention relates to an offshore structure with a foundation structure, the foundation structure having at least a first and a second profile, the first profile being designed as a pile and the second profile as a pile sleeve, the second profile enclosing the first profile over a penetration length, wherein a gap is formed between the first and the second profile, the gap has a casting compound filling over the entire penetration length, on the first and / or the second profile thrust elements, for example in the form of thrust ribs or the like, are provided, the thrust elements extend into the gap and an axial load transfer in cause the potting compound filling, the thrust elements being provided only over a first partial length of the penetration length, the first partial length being between 65 and 90% of the total penetration length and a second partial length being free of thrust elements, the second partial length being the upper length of the penetration length in the installed position forms. The structure is characterized in that the first profile and / or the second profile have an adhesion-reducing coating over the second partial length (L2) on the side facing the gap and / or between the first profile and / or the second profile and the casting compound filling the second partial length (L2) of the penetration length is a layer made of an elastic material, such as an expanded thermoplastic material.

Die Anmelderin hat in Versuchen herausgefunden, dass eine wesentliche Ursache für das Versagen bzw. Ermüden von vergossenen Verbindungen sich in der Vergussmasse diagonal ausbildende Druckstreben sind, die zur Rissbildung in der Vergussmasse führen und die insbesondere im oberen Teil der Vergusslänge bzw. der Durchdringungslänge dazu führen, dass die Vergussmasse aus dem Bereich der Umschließung der Profile austritt.The applicant has found out in tests that a major cause of the failure or fatigue of potted connections are diagonally formed compression struts in the potting compound, which lead to crack formation in the potting compound and which lead to this particularly in the upper part of the potting length or the penetration length that the potting compound emerges from the area surrounding the profile.

Erst der Verlust an Vergussmasse aus der Umschließung führt zu einer signifikanten Verringerung der Tragfähigkeit, was schlussendlich zum Versagen der vergossenen Verbindung führen kann.Only the loss of potting compound from the enclosure leads to a significant reduction in the load-bearing capacity, which can ultimately lead to failure of the potted connection.

Diese sich diagonal ausbildenden Druckstreben erzeugen bevorzugt an der Unterseite von Schubelementen entsprechende Reaktionskräfte, sodass es sich überraschenderweise als besonders vorteilhaft herausgestellt hat, die Schubelemente nur über eine Teillänge der Durchdringungslänge vorzusehen, und insbesondere denjenigen Bereich der Durchdringungslänge bzw. der Vergusslänge, der sich in Einbaulage der Profile oben befindet, frei von Schubelementen zu halten. Dadurch wird in vorteilhafter Weise ein Verlust an Vergussmasse bzw. ein Herausquellen oder Herausschieben der Vergussmasse aus der Umschließung der Profile verhindert, wodurch die Tragfestigkeit der vergossenen Verbindung signifikant verbessert wird.These diagonally formed compression struts preferably generate corresponding reaction forces on the underside of the thrust elements, so that it has surprisingly been found to be particularly advantageous to provide the thrust elements only over part of the length of the penetration length, and in particular that area of the penetration length or the potting length that is in the installation position of the profile is at the top, free of thrust elements This advantageously prevents a loss of potting compound or a swelling out or sliding out of the potting compound from the enclosure of the profiles, whereby the load-bearing strength of the potted connection is significantly improved.

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich eine Gestaltung der vergossenen Verbindung bzw. des Offshore Bauwerks erwiesen, bei der die zweite Teillänge eine Länge aufweist, die zwischen dem ein- und zweifachen der Breite des Zwischenraums beträgt. Der Zwischenraum zwischen den Profilen kann beispielsweise etwa 500 mm breit sein. Der Durchmesser des zweiten Profils kann beispielsweise etwa 2,5 bis 3 m betragen.A design of the cast connection or of the offshore structure has proven to be particularly advantageous in which the second part length has a length between the is one and two times the width of the gap. The space between the profiles can be, for example, about 500 mm wide. The diameter of the second profile can be approximately 2.5 to 3 m, for example.

Als Vergussmasse ist beispielsweise eine hydraulisch abbindende Vergussmasse, beispielsweise ein hochfester Beton, vorgesehen.A hydraulically setting casting compound, for example a high-strength concrete, is provided as the casting compound.

Die Profile sind vorzugsweise als zylindrische Stahlrohre ausgebildet, wobei ein Stahlrohr als Pile und das andere Stahlrohr als Sleeve ausgebildet ist. Die Profile können Teil einer Verbindung zwischen Monopile und Transitionpiece eines Offshore Bauwerks sein.The profiles are preferably designed as cylindrical steel tubes, one steel tube being designed as a pile and the other steel tube as a sleeve. The profiles can be part of a connection between the monopile and the transition piece of an offshore structure.

Die Profile können alternativ Teil der Gründung eines Offshore Bauwerks mit einem Jacket sein.The profiles can alternatively be part of the foundation of an offshore structure with a jacket.

Durch das Vorhandensein der haftungsmindernden Beschichtung bzw. der Schicht aus einem elastischen Material kann sichergestellt werden, dass die von einer Relativbewegung der Profile zueinander entstehenden Schubspannungen nur auf der ersten Teillänge der Durchdringungslänge bzw. nur auf einer ersten Teillänge der Vergusslänge in die Vergussmasse eingeleitet werden. Auf diese Art und Weise ist sichergestellt, dass im oberen Bereich der vergossenen Verbindung ein Vergussmasse-Stopfen verbleibt, dessen Integrität nicht durch in die Vergussmasse eingeleitete Schubspannungen beeinträchtigt wird.The presence of the adhesion-reducing coating or the layer made of an elastic material can ensure that the shear stresses arising from a relative movement of the profiles to one another are introduced into the potting compound only over the first part of the penetration length or only over a first part of the potting length. In this way it is ensured that a sealing compound plug remains in the upper area of the sealed connection, the integrity of which is not impaired by shear stresses introduced into the sealing compound.

Versuche der Anmelderin haben gezeigt, dass Risse in der Vergussmasse für die Tragfähigkeit der vergossenen Verbindung kaum eine Rolle spielen, wenn diese Risse nur in der ersten Teillänge der Durchdringungslänge bzw. in der ersten Teillänge der Vergusslänge auftreten. Der Stopfen verhindert dann zuverlässig ein Austreten der Vergussmasse aus dem umschlossenen Bereich der Profile bzw. aus dem Zwischenraum zwischen den Profilen.Tests by the applicant have shown that cracks in the potting compound hardly play a role in the load-bearing capacity of the potted connection if these cracks only occur in the first Partial length of the penetration length or occur in the first partial length of the potting length. The stopper then reliably prevents the potting compound from escaping from the enclosed area of the profiles or from the space between the profiles.

Die haftungsvermindernde Beschichtung kann vorzugsweise entweder an der dem Zwischenraum zugekehrten Innenseite des zweiten Profils oder an der dem Zwischenraum zugekehrten Außenseite des ersten Profils vorgesehen sein, je nachdem, welches Profil einer Druck- und Zugbelastung in axialer Richtung unterliegt. Das kann beispielsweise bei einem Jacket davon abhängen, ob das Jacket durch Pre-Piling oder durch Post-Piling befestigt wurde.The adhesion-reducing coating can preferably be provided either on the inside of the second profile facing the interspace or on the outside of the first profile facing the interspace, depending on which profile is subject to compressive and tensile loads in the axial direction. In the case of a jacket, for example, this can depend on whether the jacket was attached by pre-piling or post-piling.

Beispielsweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass zwischen dem ersten Profil und/oder dem zweiten Profil und der Vergussmassenfüllung über die zweite Teillänge der Durchdringungslänge bzw. der Vergusslänge eine Schicht aus einem elastischen Material, vorzugsweise aus einem expandierten thermoplastischen Kunststoff, vorgesehen ist.For example, it can be provided that a layer made of an elastic material, preferably made of an expanded thermoplastic, is provided between the first profile and / or the second profile and the potting compound filling over the second partial length of the penetration length or the potting length.

Die Vergussmassenfüllung kann über die erste Teillänge der Durchdringungslänge eine erste Vergussmasse und über die zweite Teillänge der Durchdringungslänge eine zweite Vergussmasse aufweisen, wobei die zweite Vergussmasse eine höhere Zug- und/oder Druckfestigkeit als die erste Vergussmasse aufweist. Beispielsweise kann die zweite Vergussmasse faserverstärkt oder armiert sein. Beispielsweise kann die zweite Vergussmasse als Faserbeton ausgebildet sein.The potting compound filling can have a first potting compound over the first partial length of the penetration length and a second potting compound over the second partial length of the penetration length, the second potting compound having a higher tensile and / or compressive strength than the first potting compound. For example, the second potting compound can be fiber-reinforced or reinforced. For example, the second casting compound can be designed as a fiber concrete.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist vorgesehen, dass die zweite Vergußmasse eine höhere Duktilität als die erste Vergußmasse aufweist.It is expediently provided that the second potting compound has a higher ductility than the first potting compound.

Grundsätzlich kann vorgesehen sein, dass dass die Vergußmassenfüllung über die zweite Teillänge (L2) ein Einsatzbauteil aufnimmt, das ausgewählt ist aus einer Gruppe von Einsatzbauteilen umfassend Fertigbetonelemente, Stahlprofile und Polymerbaustoffe, wobei das Einsatzbauteil eine höhere Zug-und oder Druckfestigkeit als die Vergußmass aufweist.In principle, it can be provided that the casting compound filling receives an insert component over the second partial length (L2) which is selected from a group of insert components comprising precast concrete elements, steel profiles and polymer building materials, the insert component having a higher tensile and or compressive strength than the casting compound.

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich eine Gestaltung der vergossenen Verbindung an dem Offshore Bauwerk herausgestellt, bei der der Zwischenraum auf der in Einbaulage oberen Stirnseite zumindest teilweise verschlossen ist. Hierzu kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Pfahlhülse einen oberen, nach innen hervorstehenden Kragen aufweist, der eine in Einbaulage obere Stirnseite des Zwischenraums teilweise abdeckt und somit ein Heraustreten oder Herausquellen etwa brüchiger Vergussmasse verhindert.A design of the encapsulated connection on the offshore structure has proven to be particularly advantageous in which the intermediate space is at least partially closed on the upper end face in the installed position. For this purpose, it can be provided that the pile sleeve has an upper, inwardly protruding collar which partially covers an upper end face of the space in the installed position and thus prevents any brittle casting compound from emerging or swelling out.

Alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Pfahl einen Kragen oder Bund aufweist, der den Zwischenraum stirnseitig verschließt.Alternatively, it can be provided that the post has a collar or collar which closes the gap at the end.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann vorgesehen sein, dass an dem ersten Profil oder an dem zweiten Profil eine Bewehrung befestigt ist, die sich über die zweite Teillänge der Durchdringungslänge erstreckt. Die Bewehrung ist zweckmäßigerweise an demjenigen Profil vorgesehen, das nicht einer wechselweisen Zug- und Druckbelastung unterliegt.Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that reinforcement is attached to the first profile or to the second profile, which reinforcement extends over the second partial length of the penetration length. The reinforcement is expediently provided on that profile that is not subject to alternating tensile and compressive loads.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels beschrieben.The invention is described below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings.

Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Teils einer Offshore-Windenergieanlage mit vergossenen Verbindungen, die nach dem Prinzip des Post-Piling erstellt wurden,
  • Figur 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer Offshore-Windenergieanlage mit vergossenen Verbindungen, die nach dem Prinzip des Pre-Piling erstellt wurden,
  • Figur 3a einen Teilschnitt durch eine vergossene Verbindung des Fundaments der in Figur 2 dargestellten Offshore-Windenergieanlage, die schematisch eine Schubbeanspruchung als Druckbeanspruchung der vergossenen Verbindung veranschaulicht,
  • Figur 3b einen Teilschnitt durch eine vergossene Verbindung des Fundaments der in Figur 2 dargestellten Offshore-Windenergieanlage, die schematisch eine Schubbeanspruchung als Zugbeanspruchung der vergossenen Verbindung veranschaulicht und
  • Figur 4 einen Schnitt durch eine vergossene Verbindung gemäß der Erfindung, der die Anordnung der Schubelemente zeigt.
Show it:
  • Figure 1 a schematic representation of part of an offshore wind turbine with potted connections that were created according to the principle of post-piling,
  • Figure 2 a schematic representation of an offshore wind turbine with potted connections that were created according to the pre-piling principle,
  • Figure 3a a partial section through a grouted connection of the foundation of the in Figure 2 offshore wind turbine shown, which schematically illustrates a shear stress as a compressive stress on the encapsulated connection,
  • Figure 3b a partial section through a grouted connection of the foundation of the in Figure 2 illustrated offshore wind turbine, which schematically illustrates a shear stress as a tensile stress of the encapsulated connection and
  • Figure 4 a section through a potted connection according to the invention, showing the arrangement of the thrust elements.

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Offshore Bauwerk 1 und insbesondere eine vergossene Verbindung an einem Offshore Bauwerk 1. Die Erfindung wird nachstehend unter Bezugnahme auf ein Offshore Bauwerk 1 mit einer Jacket Gründung beschrieben. Wie eingangs bereits erwähnt wurde, ist das Prinzip der erfindungsgemäßen vergossenen Verbindung auf verschiedene Arten der Verbindungen an Offshore Bauwerken übertragbar.The invention relates to an offshore structure 1 and in particular to a cast connection on an offshore structure 1. The invention is described below with reference to an offshore structure 1 with a jacket foundation. As already mentioned at the beginning, the principle of the encapsulated connection according to the invention can be transferred to different types of connections on offshore structures.

Das Offshore Bauwerk 1 umfasst beispielsweise ein Turmbauwerk 2, ein Übergangsstück 3 (Transitionpiece), ein sogenanntes Jacket 4 und eine Verankerung des Jacket 4 im Meeresuntergrund 5 in Form von Pfählen 6 (Piles) und Pfahlhülsen 7 (Sleeves).The offshore structure 1 comprises, for example, a tower structure 2, a transition piece 3, a so-called jacket 4 and an anchoring of the jacket 4 in the sea bed 5 in the form of piles 6 (piles) and pile sleeves 7 (sleeves).

Das in Figur 1 dargestellte Offshore Bauwerk 1 wurde durch sogenanntes Pre-Piling gegründet, d.h. die Pfähle 6 wurden unter Verwendung einer Schablone und entsprechendem Werkzeug in den Meeresuntergrund 5 eingetrieben. Die Pfahlhülsen 7, die an dem Jacket 4 befestigt sind, wurden auf die eingetriebenen Pfähle 6 gesetzt, wobei diese die Pfahlhülsen 7 durchdringen. Ein Zwischenraum 8 bzw. Ringraum zwischen den Pfählen 6 und den Pfahlhülsen 7 wurde mit einer aushärtbaren Vergussmasse 11, beispielsweise einem Faserbeton oder dergleichen vergossen.This in Figure 1 The offshore structure 1 shown was founded by what is known as pre-piling, ie the piles 6 were driven into the sea bed 5 using a template and appropriate tools. The pile sleeves 7, which are fastened to the jacket 4, were placed on the driven piles 6, whereby these penetrate the pile sleeves 7. An intermediate space 8 or annular space between the piles 6 and the pile sleeves 7 was potted with a hardenable potting compound 11, for example a fiber concrete or the like.

Eine andere Variante der Pfahlgründung ist in Figur 2 dargestellt. Diese Variante der Gründung wird im Allgemeinen als Post-Piling bezeichnet. Dabei werden die Pfahlhülsen 7 zunächst in den Meeresuntergrund 5 eingetrieben. In diese werden die Füße des Jacket, die jeweils als Pfahl 6 ausgebildet sind, eingesetzt. Der Zwischenraum zwischen dem Pfahl 6 und der Pfahlhülse 7 wird ebenfalls mit einer aushärtbaren Vergussmasse verfüllt.Another variant of the pile foundation is in Figure 2 shown. This type of formation is generally referred to as post-piling. The pile sleeves 7 are first driven into the sea bed 5. The feet of the jacket, which are each designed as a pole 6, are inserted into these. The space between the pile 6 and the pile sleeve 7 is also filled with a hardenable potting compound.

Die über das Jacket 4 in den Meeresuntergrund eingeleiteten axialen Kräfte werden über die Vergussmasse in die Pfähle 6 (Figur 1) oder in die Pfahlhülsen 7 (Figur 2) abgetragen.The axial forces introduced into the sea bed via the jacket 4 are transferred to the piles 6 ( Figure 1 ) or in the pile sleeves 7 ( Figure 2 ) removed.

Die Figuren 3a und 3b zeigen die typische Belastung der Vergussmasse 11 bei Einleiten von Zug- oder Druckkräften beispielsweise über den Pfahl 6 bei einer Gründung, wie sie in Figur 2 gezeigt ist. Mit den in den Figuren 3a und 3b eingezeichneten Pfeilen 9 ist die Belastungsrichtung angedeutet.The Figures 3a and 3b show the typical loading of the casting compound 11 when tensile or compressive forces are introduced, for example via the pile 6 in the case of a foundation, as shown in FIG Figure 2 is shown. With those in the Figures 3a and 3b The direction of loading is indicated by arrows 9.

In Figur 3a ist das innere Profil ein zylindrischer Pfahl 6, wohingegen das äußere Profil, welches das innere Profil umschließt, die Pfahlhülse 7 bildet. Der Zwischenraum 8 ist mit einem Vergussmörtel bzw. einer hydraulisch abbindenden Vergussmasse 11 gefüllt. Bei der Einleitung von Druckkräften als Schubbeanspruchung, wie sie beispielsweise in Figur 3a dargestellt ist, entstehen diagonale Druckstreben 10 zwischen dem Pfahl 6 und der Pfahlhülse 7, die unter Umständen bewirken, dass die Vergussmasse 11 nach oben aus dem Zwischenraum 8 herausgedrückt wird. Die Bewegungstendenz der Vergussmasse 11 ist durch die Pfeile 13 angedeutetIn Figure 3a the inner profile is a cylindrical pile 6, whereas the outer profile, which encloses the inner profile, forms the pile sleeve 7. The space 8 is filled with a grouting mortar or a hydraulically setting grouting compound 11. When introducing compressive forces as Shear stress, for example in Figure 3a is shown, diagonal compression struts 10 arise between the pile 6 and the pile sleeve 7, which under certain circumstances have the effect that the casting compound 11 is pressed upwards out of the space 8. The tendency of the casting compound 11 to move is indicated by the arrows 13

Die Anmelderin hat herausgefunden, dass insbesondere das Zusammenwirken der Druckstreben 10 mit der Unterseite von Schubrippen 12 oder anders gestalteten Schubelementen entgegensetzt diagonal verlaufende Reaktionskräfte erzeugt, die dazu führen, dass die Vergussmasse 11 brüchig wird und nach oben aus dem Zwischenraum 8 herausgetrieben wird, wie dies durch die Pfeile 13 angedeutet ist. Insbesondere der Verlust der aus der Umschließung der Profile austretenden Vergussmasse 11 bewirkt letztendlich ein Versagen der vergossenen Verbindung. Figur 3a zeigt den Belastungsverlauf bei Einleiten von axialen Drucckräften, wohingegen Figur 3b den Belastungsverlauf bei Einleiten von axialen Zugkräften veranschaulicht.The applicant has found that, in particular, the interaction of the struts 10 with the underside of thrust ribs 12 or otherwise designed thrust elements creates diagonally running reaction forces that lead to the potting compound 11 becoming brittle and being driven upwards out of the space 8, as is the case is indicated by the arrows 13. In particular, the loss of the potting compound 11 emerging from the enclosure of the profiles ultimately causes the potted connection to fail. Figure 3a shows the load profile when axial compressive forces are introduced, whereas Figure 3b illustrates the load curve when axial tensile forces are introduced.

Figur 4 zeigt einen Teillängsschnitt durch eine vergossene Verbindung gemäß der Erfindung. Die Ausbildung der vergossenen Verbindung (Grouted Joint) in Form von zwei einander durchdringenden zylindrischen Stahlprofilen als Pfahl 6 und Pfahlhülse 7 entspricht der Gestaltung gemäß Figuren 3a und 3b. Der Pfahl 6 und die Pfahlhülse 7 durchdringen einander über eine Durchdringungslänge L Gesamt, die der Vergusslänge bzw. der Höhe der sich in dem Zwischenraum 8 befindlichen Vergussmasse 11 entspricht. Die Durchdringungslänge L Gesamt ist in eine erste Teillänge L1 und in eine zweite Teillänge L2 unterteilt, wobei die zweite Teillänge L2 die in Einbaulage der Pfahlhülse 7 obere Teillänge ist und die erste Teillänge L1 die untere Teillänge bildet. Figure 4 shows a partial longitudinal section through a cast connection according to the invention. The formation of the grouted joint in the form of two penetrating cylindrical steel profiles as a pile 6 and pile sleeve 7 corresponds to the design according to Figures 3a and 3b . The pile 6 and the pile sleeve 7 penetrate one another over a penetration length L total which corresponds to the potting length or the height of the potting compound 11 located in the intermediate space 8. The total penetration length L is divided into a first partial length L1 and a second partial length L2, the second partial length L2 being the upper partial length in the installation position of the pile sleeve 7 and the first partial length L1 forming the lower partial length.

Über die erste Teillänge L1 der Durchdringungslänge erstrecken sich an der dem Zwischenraum 8 zugewandten Seite der Pfahlhülse 7 sowie an der dem Zwischenraum 8 zugewandten Außenseite des Pfahls 6 Schubelemente, beispielsweise in Form von Schubrippen 12 oder anderen Geometrien, die in den Zwischenraum 8 hervorstehen und von der Vergussmasse 11 umschlossen sind. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Teillänge L2 der Durchdringungslänge frei von Schubelementen. Die Schubrippen 12 sind nur im Bereich der ersten Teillänge L1 der Durchdringungslänge vorgesehen. Die Höhe der zweiten Teillänge L2 entspricht etwa dem ein- bis zweifachen der Breite des Zwischenraums 8 (0,5 x (Innendurchmesser Pfahlhülse minus Außendurchmesser Pfahl)).Over the first partial length L1 of the penetration length extend on the side of the pile sleeve 7 facing the gap 8 and on the outside of the pile 6 facing the gap 8, thrust elements, for example in the form of thrust ribs 12 or other geometries that protrude into the gap 8 and from the potting compound 11 are enclosed. According to the invention, the partial length L2 of the penetration length is free of thrust elements. The thrust ribs 12 are only provided in the area of the first partial length L1 of the penetration length. The height of the second partial length L2 corresponds approximately to one to two times the width of the space 8 (0.5 x (inner diameter of the pile sleeve minus outer diameter of the pile)).

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

  • 1 Offshore Bauwerk1 offshore structure
  • 2 Turmbauwerk2 tower structure
  • 3 Übergangsstück3 transition piece
  • 4 Jacket4 jacket
  • 5 Meeresuntergrund5 subsoil
  • 6 Pfahl6 stake
  • 7 Pfahlhülsen7 pole sleeves
  • 8 Zwischenraum8 space
  • 9 Pfeile9 arrows
  • 10 Druckstreben10 struts
  • 11 Vergussmasse11 casting compound
  • 12 Schubrippen12 shear ribs
  • 13 Pfeile13 arrows
  • L1 erste TeillängeL1 first part length
  • L2 zweite TeillängeL2 second part length
  • L Gesamt = L1 + L2L total = L1 + L2

Claims (10)

  1. Offshore building (1) comprising a foundation structure, the foundation structure having at least a first and a second profile, the first profile being designed as a pile (6) and the second profile being designed as a pile sleeve (7), the second profile enclosing the first profile over a penetration length, with an intermediate space (8) being formed between the first and the second profile, the intermediate space (8) having a grouting compound filling over the total penetration length (L total), with shear elements being provided on the first and/or the second profile, the shear elements extending into the intermediate space (8) and causing an axial load dissipation into the grouting compound filling, the shear elements being provided only over a first partial length (L1) of the penetration length, the first partial length (L1) being between 65 and 90% of the total penetration length (L total) and a second partial length (L2) being free of shear elements, the second partial length (L2) forming the upper length, in the installed position, of the penetration length, characterized in that
    (a) the first profile and/or the second profile have an adhesion-reducing coating over the second partial length (L2) on the side facing the intermediate space (8); and/or
    (b) a layer of a resilient material, preferably an expanded thermoplastic material, is provided between the first profile and/or the second profile and the grouting compound filling over the second partial length (L2) of the penetration length (L total).
  2. Offshore building according to claim 1, characterized in that the second partial length (L2) has a length which is at least the width of the intermediate space (8), preferably twice the width of the intermediate space.
  3. Offshore building according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the grouting compound filling has a first grouting compound over the first partial length (L1) of the penetration length and a second grouting compound over the second partial length (L2) of the penetration length and in that the second grouting compound has a higher tensile and/or compressive strength than the first grouting compound.
  4. Offshore building according to claim 3, characterized in that the second grouting compound has a higher ductility than the first grouting compound.
  5. Offshore building according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the grouting compound filling is fiber-reinforced and/or reinforced over a second partial length (L2) of the penetration length.
  6. Offshore building according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the grouting compound filling receives an insert component over the second partial length (L2), which component is selected from a group of insert components comprising precast concrete elements, steel profiles and polymeric building materials, the insert component having a higher tensile and/or compressive strength than the grouting compound.
  7. Offshore building according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the intermediate space (8) is at least partially closed on the upper end face in the installed position.
  8. Offshore building according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pile sleeve (7) has an upper, inwardly protruding collar which partially covers an upper end face of the intermediate space in the installed position.
  9. Offshore building according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein a reinforcement which extends over the second partial length (L2) of the penetration length is attached to the first profile or to the second profile.
  10. Offshore building according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the shear elements are selected from a group comprising shear ribs, shear webs or the like.
EP18748873.9A 2017-08-11 2018-07-19 Offshore foundation Active EP3607147B1 (en)

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DE102017118375.2A DE102017118375A1 (en) 2017-08-11 2017-08-11 Offshore construction
PCT/EP2018/069664 WO2019029973A1 (en) 2017-08-11 2018-07-19 Offshore structure

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EP3607147B1 true EP3607147B1 (en) 2021-05-19

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DE (1) DE102017118375A1 (en)
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DE102019213165A1 (en) * 2019-08-30 2021-03-04 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A FOUNDATION SYSTEM FOR AN OFFSHORE WIND POWER PLANT
JP1705503S (en) * 2020-09-07 2022-01-20 Support structure for offshore wind power generators
CN112278186B (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-12-28 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 Hull reinforcing ring butt joint tool

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DK3607147T3 (en) 2021-07-26
WO2019029973A1 (en) 2019-02-14
US11008727B2 (en) 2021-05-18
EP3607147A1 (en) 2020-02-12
TWI771453B (en) 2022-07-21
US20200173133A1 (en) 2020-06-04
TW201910593A (en) 2019-03-16
DE102017118375A1 (en) 2019-02-14
PL3607147T3 (en) 2021-11-22

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