EP3599105A1 - Method for producing a security feature by means of laser beams - Google Patents
Method for producing a security feature by means of laser beams Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3599105A1 EP3599105A1 EP19000346.7A EP19000346A EP3599105A1 EP 3599105 A1 EP3599105 A1 EP 3599105A1 EP 19000346 A EP19000346 A EP 19000346A EP 3599105 A1 EP3599105 A1 EP 3599105A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laser beam
- carrier
- laser
- focus
- marking
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010330 laser marking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
- B42D25/435—Marking by removal of material using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/346—Perforations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/378—Special inks
- B42D25/382—Special inks absorbing or reflecting infrared light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/41—Marking using electromagnetic radiation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a security feature for a security element, a security paper or a data carrier.
- a carrier is provided, the color impression of which can be modified by the action of laser radiation.
- the laser exposure often triggers an additional effect in addition to the cutting effect of the laser beam, for example discoloration of the substrate in the edge region of the cut hole.
- the securing effect is created by the exact and difficult to adjust registration of the cut hole with the colored hole edge.
- the laser beam ideally has a focus that is as fine as possible for cutting, for example, a paper substrate. With a fine focus, little paper is burned and it can be cut quickly. However, because of the small focus size, the line width of the edge effect created during cutting is also small and only narrow and visually less attractive edges can be created. When using a larger focus diameter, wider and more visually striking color edges can be created, but the cutting speed will decrease. A compromise must therefore always be found between the speed of work and a good visual appearance.
- the object of the invention is to specify a method of the type mentioned at the outset which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and which in particular enables the production of visually attractive security features at a high production speed.
- the focus position and / or the focus size of the laser beam are changed quickly in order to produce a variable width of the through openings and / or a variable width of the marking areas.
- fast which describes the change in the focus size or focus position, always relates to the feed rate at which the cutting or marking laser beam is guided over the carrier.
- a change in the focus size or focus position is said to be rapid if it enables a change in the cutting width or the marking width that is visually recognizable for the viewer while the laser beam is being advanced.
- the focus position which indicates the position of the focus of the laser beam perpendicular to the processing plane
- the focus position per laser feed path of more than 1 mm / mm, in particular of more than 2 mm / mm and preferably of more than 5 mm / mm.
- the focus position per laser feed of 1 mm can be shifted up or down by 1 mm (or 2 mm or 5 mm) perpendicular to the working plane.
- the focus size which indicates the diameter of the laser spot in the focus of the laser beam
- the focus size can be increased or decreased by 10% (or 50% or 100%) per laser feed of 1 mm.
- the focus size of the laser beam indicates the size of the laser spot in focus, which is not necessarily in the processing plane (the carrier surface).
- the spot size of the laser in the working plane corresponds to the focus size when the focus is in the working plane. With a focus position above or below the processing plane, the spot size of the laser in the processing plane is usually larger than the focus size, so that the focus size represents a minimum size of the laser spot that can be achieved by shifting the focus.
- the indication that through openings are made in the carrier in the marking areas of the color impression of the carrier is modified includes the possibility that only one through opening is made and the color impression of the carrier is only modified in one marking area.
- the laser radiation can also be used to produce recesses in the carrier material in partial regions which do not reach completely through the carrier and which can likewise be combined with a colored marking region. Such recesses can be provided, for example, in the form of lines of weakness.
- marked areas of the through openings are formed by the marking areas, at least in partial areas.
- the marked edge areas are preferably generated simultaneously with the associated through openings by the same laser beam.
- the laser beam passes through an adjusting device in which the beam diameter and / or the convergence or divergence of the laser beam are adjusted before the carrier surface is acted upon.
- the rapid change in the focus position and / or the focus size are preferably generated by setting variations in the setting device mentioned.
- the setting variations in the setting device are carried out with particular advantage using one or more linear axes.
- a first laser beam is provided for producing the through openings
- a second laser beam is provided for producing the marking areas
- the first and second laser beams are combined with a beam combiner and the combined laser beam is guided over the carrier surface is used to introduce the openings mentioned in the carrier and to modify the color impression of the carrier in the marking regions mentioned.
- openings are at least partially made in the carrier at the same time as color markings are generated.
- openings are at least partially made in the carrier at the same time as color markings are generated.
- the focus position and / or the focus size of the first laser beam are advantageously changed quickly in order to produce a variable width of the through openings.
- the focus position and / or the focus size of the second laser beam are advantageously changed quickly in order to generate a variable width of the marking areas.
- the carrier is advantageously provided with a laser-modifiable marking substance.
- the carrier is coated with a laser-modifiable marking substance and / or a laser-modifiable marking substance is introduced into the volume of the carrier.
- the carrier is formed from paper or comprises a paper layer. Carriers made of plastic or with a plastic layer are also possible.
- the carrier can in particular be a composite substrate, for example with the layer sequence film / paper / film or paper / film / paper.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a bank note 10, which is in a Fig. 2
- Feature area 12 shown in more detail in supervision is provided with a laser hole 14 with a variable edge effect.
- the banknote paper of the banknote 10 represents a carrier 20, the color impression of which in the feature area 12 can be modified by the action of laser radiation or has already been modified during manufacture by laser exposure.
- the laser modifiability of the banknote paper can be generated, for example, by coating the paper, which is locally removed by the laser exposure or its color is changed.
- the laser modifiability can also be generated, for example, by laser-modifiable substances, such as effect pigments, which are introduced into the volume of the paper.
- the laser hole 14 shows a complex, difficult to imitate design with a central opening 22 through the support 20, a narrow colored edge 24 surrounding the opening 22 and with a plurality of colored pentagons 26 that fit snugly on protrusions of the central opening 22 are put on.
- the color impression of the pentagons 26 is the same as that of the colored edge 24, for example a red color impression against a white background.
- the pentagons 26 are formed with different line widths, which successively from a narrow, fine line 26-1 at the top of the opening 22 increasing line widths 26-2, 26, -3, 26-4 extend to the bold lines 26-5 of the pentagons lying on the underside of the opening 22.
- the laser beam is guided over the paper with a rapidly changeable focus size and / or focus position when the banknote paper 20 is lasered, as will be explained in more detail below.
- the term “fast”, which describes the change in the focus size or focus position always refers to the feed rate at which the cutting or marking laser beam is guided over the carrier.
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the structure of a laser processing device 30 with a quickly changeable focus size and focus position of a laser beam.
- the essentially parallel laser beam 32 from a laser source 34 for example a CO 2 laser, is first expanded with a beam expander 36, and the expanded laser beam 38 is thereby generated.
- the expanded laser beam 38 can, as shown on the left in Fig. 3 is a parallel laser beam, but can also be set slightly convergent or slightly divergent by the beam expander 36 (beams 38 ', 38 "further to the right in FIG Fig. 3 ).
- the expanded laser beam 38 is deflected and focused by a scanning device 40 and the deflected laser beam 42 is pivoted in the processing plane via a mirror arrangement of the scanning device, as in FIG Fig. 3 schematically indicated by the arrows 46.
- FIG. 3 The focal length f of the focusing device, the focus F of the laser beam, the focus size F G and the focus position F L of the deflected laser beam 42 are also shown schematically.
- the carrier to be processed is typically arranged in the focal plane 44 of the focusing device at a distance of a focal length f from the scanning device 40.
- the expanded laser beam 38 is a parallel laser beam, as shown in FIG Fig. 3
- the focus F generated by the scanning device 40 lies in the focal plane 44 of the focusing device and generates a laser spot of the focus size F G at the processing location.
- the focus F of the deflected laser beam 42 ′ generated by the scanning device 40 lies somewhat above the focal plane 44, so that the spot size of the laser in the focal plane is somewhat larger than the focus size F G.
- the laser beam 38, 38 ', 38 can be set in parallel, convergent or divergent by small changes in a lens in the beam expander 36. Since the required variations are very small, they can be carried out very quickly in relation to the feed speed of the laser beam. In addition, in particular a linear axis can be used in the beam expander 36.
- the focus size F G can also be changed quickly, namely in particular by the extent of the beam expansion in the Beam expander 36. Since the numerical aperture of a focusing lens increases with its illumination and the minimum achievable focus size F G is inversely proportional to the numerical aperture, a smaller expanded diameter F G can be generated with a more widened laser beam 38 "', as schematically shown on the far right in Fig. 3 illustrated. The expansion of the laser beam 38, 38 "'can also be adjusted as desired by small changes in the beam expander 36 and can thus be carried out very quickly.
- the outline of the through opening 22 of the laser hole 14 is cut with a highly focused laser beam of high energy density.
- the laser source 34 is controlled in such a way that the energy density of the laser beam 42 in the central region of the laser spot at the processing location exceeds the threshold energy Ecut required for cutting the paper carrier 20.
- the energy required for cutting is no longer exceeded in a narrow edge region of the laser spot, but the energy density lies above the threshold energy E Color ⁇ E Cut required for a color change in the feature region 12. Outside of this narrow edge area, the carrier is neither discolored nor cut. In this way, when the opening 22 is cut, a circumferential colored edge 24 is simultaneously produced, which is perfectly matched to the outline of the opening 22 because of its generation in the cutting process.
- the energy of the laser beam is also reduced in the central region to a value between the threshold energy E Color for a color change and the threshold energy Ecut required for cutting.
- the spot size of the laser beam 42 varies at the processing location, so that the threshold energy E Color is different large areas are exceeded, and thus differently colored edges 26-1 to 26-5 of the pentagons 26 are generated. Since these changes take place very quickly, the change in the marking widths practically does not reduce the production speed of laser writing.
- the cutting and the color change of the carrier can also be carried out with a combined laser beam, which is formed from a superimposition of two initially separate laser beams which are set independently of one another with regard to convergence / divergence and beam width. This allows the width of the cut openings and the width of the markings adjacent to the opening to be set independently of one another.
- Figure 4 shows schematically a laser processing device 50 with a cutting laser 52 and a marking laser 54, the laser beams of which are provided for cutting or marking the material to be processed.
- the laser beams of the lasers 52, 54 each pass through an associated setting device 56, 58, in which the respective laser beam is expanded and its convergence properties are set, as in the case of Fig. 3 described.
- the beam profile 72 of the set cutting laser beam 62 and the beam profile 74 of the set marking laser beam 64 are shown in FIG Fig. 4 shown schematically as insets.
- the cutting laser beam 62 and the marking laser beam 64 are combined with the aid of a beam combiner 60, which can be formed by an inverted beam splitter, to form the desired processing laser beam 66, whose beam profile 76 in Fig. 4 is also shown schematically as an inset.
- the beam profile 76 of the machining laser beam 66 has a central region Z of high energy density, which is used to cut the carrier material, and an outer region A of lower energy density, which is used to produce a color change in the carrier material.
- the width of the central area Z and the width of the outer area A can be set independently of one another with the aid of the setting devices 56, 58.
- the cutting width and the marking width can therefore be changed independently of one another.
- the corresponding setting device 56 or 58 can of course also be dispensed with.
- Figures 5 and 6 schematically show two examples of laser holes with a variable edge effect and a variable cutting width as they are shown with a device 50 Fig. 4 can be generated.
- a carrier 20 which can be modified by the action of laser radiation and which is provided with a plurality of continuous openings 80 of constant width.
- the openings 80 and the space between the opening 80 are provided with a color marking 82 of variable width.
- the combined laser beam 66 was used to produce this design Fig. 4 guided from left to right over the carrier 20 and the cutting laser beam 62 is temporarily switched on or off with a constant focus size and focus position. At the same time, the focus size or focus position of the marking laser beam 64 and thus also the size of the outer area A in the combined laser beam 66 were continuously changed. The change takes place practically instantaneously, so that large changes in the marking width of the color marking 82 can be achieved despite the high working speed of the laser beam 66 on the carrier 20.
- Figure 6 shows a further design in which a carrier 20 which can be modified by the action of laser radiation is provided with an elongated cut opening 84 of variable width.
- the elongated cut opening 84 is surrounded by a color marking 86 with an undulating width.
- the combined laser beam 66 was used to produce this design Fig. 4 guided from left to right over the carrier 20 and the focus size or focus position quickly changed both for the cutting laser beam 62 and for the marking laser beam 64. Accordingly, both the size of the central area Z and the size of the outer area A in the merged laser beam 66 change quickly and independently of one another, so that the cutting width of the opening 84 and the marking width of the color marking 86 can vary independently of one another.
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitsmerkmals für ein Sicherheitselement, ein Sicherheitspapier oder einen Datenträger (10), bei dem ein Träger (20) bereitgestellt wird, dessen Farbeindruck durch die Einwirkung von Laserstrahlung modifizierbar ist, und durch Führen eines Laserstrahls (42) über die Oberfläche des Trägers (20) einerseits durchgehende Öffnungen (22) in den Träger eingebracht werden und andererseits in Markierungsbereichen (24, 26-1,26-2, ..., 26,5) der Farbeindruck des Trägers (20) modifiziert wird. Erfindungsgemäß ist dabei vorgesehen, dass beim Führen des Laserstrahls über die Trägeroberfläche die Fokuslage (F<sub>L</sub>) und/oder die Fokusgröße (FG) des Laserstrahls (42) schnell verändert werden, um eine variable Breite der durchgehenden Öffnungen (22; 84) und/oder eine variable Breite der Markierungsbereiche (82, 86; 26-1,26-2, ..., 26,5) zu erzeugen.The invention relates to a method for producing a security feature for a security element, a security paper or a data carrier (10), in which a carrier (20) is provided, the color impression of which can be modified by the action of laser radiation, and by guiding a laser beam (42). through the surface of the carrier (20), on the one hand, through openings (22) are made in the carrier and, on the other hand, the color impression of the carrier (20) is modified in marking areas (24, 26-1, 26-2, ..., 26.5) becomes. According to the invention, the focus position (F <sub> L </sub>) and / or the focus size (FG) of the laser beam (42) are changed rapidly when the laser beam is guided over the carrier surface by a variable width of the through openings (22; 84) and / or a variable width of the marking areas (82, 86; 26-1,26-2, ..., 26.5).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitsmerkmals für ein Sicherheitselement, ein Sicherheitspapier oder einen Datenträger. Bei dem Verfahren wird ein Träger bereitgestellt, dessen Farbeindruck durch die Einwirkung von Laserstrahlung modifizierbar ist. Durch Führen eines Laserstrahls über die Oberfläche des Trägers werden einerseits durchgehende Öffnungen in den Träger eingebracht und wird andererseits in Markierungsbereichen der Farbeindruck des Trägers modifiziert.The invention relates to a method for producing a security feature for a security element, a security paper or a data carrier. In the method, a carrier is provided, the color impression of which can be modified by the action of laser radiation. By passing a laser beam over the surface of the carrier, through openings are made on the one hand and on the other hand the color impression of the carrier is modified in marking areas.
Es ist bekannt, ein Substrat aus Papier oder Folie mit einem Laserstrahl zu schneiden oder zu perforieren und eine auf dem Substrat applizierte Beschichtung bereichsweise abzutragen oder zu verfärben, um dadurch visuell attraktive und passergenau zueinander angeordnete Effekte zu erzeugen. Beispiele solcher Verfahren finden sich in den Druckschriften
Bei den genannten Verfahren wird durch die Laserbeaufschlagung oft neben der Schneidewirkung des Laserstrahls ein zusätzlicher Effekt, beispielsweise eine Verfärbung des Substrats im Randbereich des geschnittenen Lochs ausgelöst. Die Sicherungswirkung entsteht durch die exakte und schwer nachstellbare Passerung des geschnittenen Lochs mit dem farbigen Lochrand.In the methods mentioned, the laser exposure often triggers an additional effect in addition to the cutting effect of the laser beam, for example discoloration of the substrate in the edge region of the cut hole. The securing effect is created by the exact and difficult to adjust registration of the cut hole with the colored hole edge.
Nachteilig ist allerdings, dass bei komplexeren Designs die Produktionsgeschwindigkeit solcher Verfahren abnimmt. Zur Abhilfe ist beispielsweise in der
Ein weiterer Nachteil bekannter Verfahren besteht darin, dass der Laserstrahl zum Schneiden etwa eines Papiersubstrats idealerweise einen möglichst feinen Fokus aufweist. Durch einen feinen Fokus wird wenig Papier verbrannt und es kann schnell geschnitten werden. Allerdings ist wegen der kleinen Fokusgröße dann auch die Linienbreite des beim Schneiden erzeugten Randeffekts gering und es können nur schmale und visuell weniger attraktive Ränder erzeugt werden. Bei Verwendung eines größeren Fokusdurchmessers können breitere und visuell auffälligere Farbränder erzeugt werden, allerdings sinkt dafür die Schnittgeschwindigkeit. Es muss daher stets ein Kompromiss zwischen Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit und gutem visuellen Erscheinungsbild gefunden werden.Another disadvantage of known methods is that the laser beam ideally has a focus that is as fine as possible for cutting, for example, a paper substrate. With a fine focus, little paper is burned and it can be cut quickly. However, because of the small focus size, the line width of the edge effect created during cutting is also small and only narrow and visually less attractive edges can be created. When using a larger focus diameter, wider and more visually striking color edges can be created, but the cutting speed will decrease. A compromise must therefore always be found between the speed of work and a good visual appearance.
Ausgehend davon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, das die Nachteile des Stands der Technik vermeidet und das insbesondere die Herstellung visuell attraktiver Sicherheitsmerkmale mit hoher Produktionsgeschwindigkeit ermöglicht.Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to specify a method of the type mentioned at the outset which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and which in particular enables the production of visually attractive security features at a high production speed.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist bei einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren vorgesehen, dass beim Führen des Laserstrahls über die Trägeroberfläche die Fokuslage und/oder die Fokusgröße des Laserstrahls schnell verändert werden, um eine variable Breite der durchgehenden Öffnungen und/oder eine variable Breite der Markierungsbereiche zu erzeugen.According to the invention, in a generic method it is provided that when the laser beam is guided over the carrier surface, the focus position and / or the focus size of the laser beam are changed quickly in order to produce a variable width of the through openings and / or a variable width of the marking areas.
Der die Veränderung der Fokusgröße bzw. Fokuslage beschreibende Begriff "schnell" bezieht sich als Vergleichsgröße stets auf die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit, mit der der Schneid- bzw. Markierungslaserstrahl über den Träger geführt wird. Allgemein wird eine Veränderung der Fokusgröße bzw. Fokuslage als schnell bezeichnet, wenn sie während des Vorschubs des Laserstrahls eine für den Betrachter visuell erkennbare Änderung der Schnittbreite bzw. der Markierungsbreite ermöglicht.The term "fast", which describes the change in the focus size or focus position, always relates to the feed rate at which the cutting or marking laser beam is guided over the carrier. In general, a change in the focus size or focus position is said to be rapid if it enables a change in the cutting width or the marking width that is visually recognizable for the viewer while the laser beam is being advanced.
Mit Bezug auf die Fokuslage, die die Lage des Fokus des Laserstrahls senkrecht zur Bearbeitungsebene angibt, besteht eine schnelle Veränderung insbesondere in einer Änderung der Fokuslage pro Laser-Vorschubstrecke von mehr als 1 mm/ mm, insbesondere von mehr als 2 mm/ mm und bevorzugt von mehr als 5 mm/ mm. Das bedeutet, dass die Fokuslage pro Laservorschub von 1 mm um 1 mm (oder 2 mm oder 5 mm) senkrecht zur Bearbeitungsebene nach oben oder unten verschoben werden kann.With regard to the focus position, which indicates the position of the focus of the laser beam perpendicular to the processing plane, there is a rapid change in particular in a change in the focus position per laser feed path of more than 1 mm / mm, in particular of more than 2 mm / mm and preferably of more than 5 mm / mm. This means that the focus position per laser feed of 1 mm can be shifted up or down by 1 mm (or 2 mm or 5 mm) perpendicular to the working plane.
Mit Bezug auf die Fokusgröße, die den Durchmesser des Laserspots im Fokus des Laserstrahls angibt, besteht eine schnelle Veränderung insbesondere in einer Änderung der Fokusgröße pro Laser-Vorschubstrecke von mehr als 10%/mm, insbesondere von mehr als 50%/mm und bevorzugt von mehr als 100%/mm. Das bedeutet, dass die Fokusgröße pro Laservorschub von 1 mm um 10% (oder 50% oder 100%) vergrößert oder verkleinert werden kann.With regard to the focus size, which indicates the diameter of the laser spot in the focus of the laser beam, there is a rapid change in particular in a change in the focus size per laser feed path of more than 10% / mm, in particular of more than 50% / mm and preferably of more than 100% / mm. This means that the focus size can be increased or decreased by 10% (or 50% or 100%) per laser feed of 1 mm.
Die Fokusgröße des Laserstrahls gibt dabei die Größe des Laserspots im Fokus an, welcher nicht zwingend in der Bearbeitungsebene (der Trägeroberfläche) liegt. Die Spotgröße des Lasers in der Bearbeitungsebene entspricht der Fokusgröße, wenn der Fokus in der Bearbeitungsebene liegt. Bei einer Fokuslage oberhalb oder unterhalb der Bearbeitungsebene ist die Spotgröße des Lasers in der Bearbeitungsebene in der Regel größer als die Fokusgröße, so dass die Fokusgröße eine durch Verschiebung des Fokus minimal erreichbare Größe des Laserspots darstellt.The focus size of the laser beam indicates the size of the laser spot in focus, which is not necessarily in the processing plane (the carrier surface). The spot size of the laser in the working plane corresponds to the focus size when the focus is in the working plane. With a focus position above or below the processing plane, the spot size of the laser in the processing plane is usually larger than the focus size, so that the focus size represents a minimum size of the laser spot that can be achieved by shifting the focus.
Die Angabe, dass durchgehende Öffnungen in den Träger eingebracht werden in Markierungsbereichen der Farbeindruck des Trägers modifiziert wird, schließt die Möglichkeit ein, dass nur eine durchgehende Öffnungen eingebracht wird und der Farbeindruck des Trägers nur in einem Markierungsbereich modifiziert wird. Anstelle von durchgehenden Öffnungen können mit der Laserstrahlung in Teilbereichen auch Ausnehmungen im Trägermaterial erzeugt werden, die nicht vollständig durch den Träger hindurchgreifen, und die ebenfalls mit einem farbigen Markierungsbereich kombiniert sein können. Solche Ausnehmungen können beispielsweise in Form von Schwächungslinien vorgesehen sein.The indication that through openings are made in the carrier in the marking areas of the color impression of the carrier is modified includes the possibility that only one through opening is made and the color impression of the carrier is only modified in one marking area. Instead of through openings, the laser radiation can also be used to produce recesses in the carrier material in partial regions which do not reach completely through the carrier and which can likewise be combined with a colored marking region. Such recesses can be provided, for example, in the form of lines of weakness.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung werden durch die Markierungsbereiche zumindest in Teilbereichen markierter Randbereiche der durchgehenden Öffnungen gebildet. Die markierten Randbereiche werden dabei vorzugsweise gleichzeitig mit den zugehörigen durchgehenden Öffnungen durch denselben Laserstrahl erzeugt.In a preferred embodiment, marked areas of the through openings are formed by the marking areas, at least in partial areas. The marked edge areas are preferably generated simultaneously with the associated through openings by the same laser beam.
Mit Vorteil ist vorgesehen, dass der Laserstrahl vor der Beaufschlagung der Trägeroberfläche eine Einstelleinrichtung durchläuft, in der der Strahldurchmesser und/oder die Konvergenz bzw. Divergenz des Laserstrahls eingestellt werden. Bevorzugt werden die schnelle Veränderung der Fokuslage und/oder der Fokusgröße durch Einstellungsvariationen in der genannten Einstelleinrichtung erzeugt.It is advantageously provided that the laser beam passes through an adjusting device in which the beam diameter and / or the convergence or divergence of the laser beam are adjusted before the carrier surface is acted upon. The rapid change in the focus position and / or the focus size are preferably generated by setting variations in the setting device mentioned.
Die Einstellungsvariationen in der Einstelleinrichtung werden mit besonderem Vorteil mit Hilfe einer oder mehrerer Linearachsen vorgenommen.The setting variations in the setting device are carried out with particular advantage using one or more linear axes.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des Verfahren ist vorgesehen, dass ein erster Laserstrahl zum Erzeugen der durchgehenden Öffnungen bereitgestellt wird, ein zweiter Laserstrahl zum Erzeugen der Markierungsbereiche bereitgestellt wird, dass der erste und zweite Laserstrahl mit einem Strahlkombinierer vereinigt werden und der vereinigte Laserstrahl über die Trägeroberfläche geführt wird, um die genannten Öffnungen in den Träger einzubringen und in den genannten Markierungsbereichen den Farbeindruck des Trägers zu modifizieren.In an advantageous development of the method it is provided that a first laser beam is provided for producing the through openings, a second laser beam is provided for producing the marking areas, the first and second laser beams are combined with a beam combiner and the combined laser beam is guided over the carrier surface is used to introduce the openings mentioned in the carrier and to modify the color impression of the carrier in the marking regions mentioned.
Mit Vorteil werden dabei zumindest teilweise gleichzeitig sowohl Öffnungen in den Träger eingebracht als auch Farbmarkierungen erzeugt. Es ist natürlich auch möglich, in Teilbereichen lediglich eine Farbänderung in dem Träger zu erzeugen, ohne den Träger zu schneiden.Advantageously, openings are at least partially made in the carrier at the same time as color markings are generated. Of course, it is also possible to only produce a color change in the carrier in partial areas without cutting the carrier.
Beim Führen des vereinigten Laserstrahls über die Trägeroberfläche werden dabei mit Vorteil die Fokuslage und/oder die Fokusgröße des ersten Laserstrahls schnell verändert, um eine variable Breite der durchgehenden Öffnungen zu erzeugen.When guiding the combined laser beam over the carrier surface, the focus position and / or the focus size of the first laser beam are advantageously changed quickly in order to produce a variable width of the through openings.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich werden beim Führen des vereinigten Laserstrahls über die Trägeroberfläche mit Vorteil die Fokuslage und/oder die Fokusgröße des zweiten Laserstrahls schnell verändert, um eine variable Breite der Markierungsbereiche zu erzeugen.Alternatively or additionally, when the combined laser beam is guided over the carrier surface, the focus position and / or the focus size of the second laser beam are advantageously changed quickly in order to generate a variable width of the marking areas.
Der Träger wird vorteilhaft mit einem lasermodifizierbaren Markierungsstoff versehen. Insbesondere wird der Träger mit einem lasermodifizierbaren Markierungsstoff beschichtet und/oder es wird ein lasermodifizierbarer Markierungsstoff in das Volumen des Trägers eingebracht.The carrier is advantageously provided with a laser-modifiable marking substance. In particular, the carrier is coated with a laser-modifiable marking substance and / or a laser-modifiable marking substance is introduced into the volume of the carrier.
In vorteilhaften Gestaltungen ist der Träger aus Papier gebildet ist oder umfasst eine Papierlage. Auch Träger aus Kunststoff oder mit einer Kunststofflage sind möglich. Der Träger kann insbesondere ein Verbundsubstrat, beispielsweise mit der Schichtenfolge Folie/Papier/Folie oder Papier/ Folie/ Papier darstellen.In advantageous configurations, the carrier is formed from paper or comprises a paper layer. Carriers made of plastic or with a plastic layer are also possible. The carrier can in particular be a composite substrate, for example with the layer sequence film / paper / film or paper / film / paper.
Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele sowie Vorteile der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren erläutert, bei deren Darstellung auf eine maßstabs- und proportionsgetreue Wiedergabe verzichtet wurde, um die Anschaulichkeit zu erhöhen.Further exemplary embodiments and advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to the figures, in the illustration of which a scale and proportionate reproduction has been dispensed with in order to increase clarity.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Banknote mit einem Merkmalsbereich mit einem Laserloch mit variablem Randeffekt,
- Fig. 2
- eine Detailaufsicht auf den Merkmalsbereich von
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 3
- schematisch eine Vorrichtung zur schnellen Veränderung der Fokusgröße und Fokuslage eines Laserstrahls,
- Fig. 4
- schematisch eine Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines kombinierten Laserstrahls mit unabhängig einstellbarer Breite von Zentralbereich und Außenbereich, und
- Fig. 5, 6
- zwei Beispiele für Laserlöcher mit variablem Randeffekt und variabler Schnittbreite wie sie mit einer Vorrichtung nach
Fig. 4 erzeugt werden können.
- Fig. 1
- 1 shows a schematic illustration of a banknote with a feature area with a laser hole with a variable edge effect,
- Fig. 2
- a detailed supervision of the characteristics area of
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 3
- schematically a device for rapidly changing the focus size and focus position of a laser beam,
- Fig. 4
- schematically shows a laser processing device for generating a combined laser beam with independently adjustable width of the central area and the outer area, and
- 5, 6
- two examples of laser holes with a variable edge effect and a variable cutting width like those with a device
Fig. 4 can be generated.
Die Erfindung wird nun am Beispiel eines Sicherheitsmerkmals einer Banknote 10 erläutert.
Das Banknotenpapier der Banknote 10 stellt einen Träger 20 dar, dessen Farbeindruck in dem Merkmalsbereich 12 durch die Einwirkung von Laserstrahlung modifizierbar ist bzw. bei der Herstellung durch Laserbeaufschlagung bereits modifiziert wurde. Die Lasermodifizierbarkeit des Banknotenpapiers kann beispielsweise durch eine Beschichtung des Papiers erzeugt werden, die durch die Laserbeaufschlagung lokal abgetragen oder in ihrer Farbe verändert wird. Die Lasermodifizierbarkeit kann beispielsweise auch durch in das Volumen des Papiers eingebrachte lasermodifizierbare Substanzen, wie etwa Effektpigmente erzeugt werden.The banknote paper of the
Das Laserloch 14 zeigt ein komplexes, schwer nachzuahmendes Design mit einer zentralen, durch den Träger 20 durchgehenden Öffnung 22, einem schmalen, um die Öffnung 22 umlaufenden farbigen Rand 24 und mit einer Mehrzahl von farbigen Fünfecken 26, die passergenau auf Ausstülpungen der zentralen Öffnung 22 aufgesetzt sind. Der Farbeindruck der Fünfecke 26 ist dabei derselbe wie der des farbigen Rands 24, beispielsweise ein roter Farbeindruck vor weißem Hintergrund. Als Besonderheit sind die Fünfecke 26 mit unterschiedlichen Strichstärken ausgebildet, die von einer schmalen, feinen Linie 26-1 an der Oberseite der Öffnung 22 über mehrere, sukzessive zunehmende Linienbreiten 26-2, 26,-3, 26-4 bis zu den fetten Linien 26-5 der an der Unterseite der Öffnung 22 liegenden Fünfecken reichen.The
Um ein solches komplexes Laserloch 14 mit hoher Produktionsgeschwindigkeit erzeugen zu können, wird der Laserstrahl bei der Laserbeaufschlagung des Banknotenpapiers 20 mit einer schnell veränderbaren Fokusgröße und/oder Fokuslage über das Papier geführt, wie nachfolgend genauer erläutert. Wie oben bereits genauer erläutert, beziehen sich der die Veränderung der Fokusgröße bzw. Fokuslage beschreibende Begriff "schnell" stets auf die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit, mit der der Schneid- bzw. Markierungslaserstrahl über den Träger geführt wird.In order to be able to produce such a
Sofern der aufgeweitete Laserstrahl 38 ein paralleler Laserstrahl ist, wie links in
Ist der aufgeweitete Laserstrahl 38' leicht konvergent eingestellt, wie schematisch rechts anschließend in
Obwohl die Fokusgröße FG bei diesen Veränderungen der Fokuslage FL nahezu gleich bleibt, wird durch die Verschiebung der Fokuslage FL eine unterschiedliche Spotgröße in der Brennebene 44 und damit am Bearbeitungsort erreicht. Der Laserstrahl 38, 38', 38" kann durch kleine Veränderungen einer Linse im Strahlaufweiter 36 parallel, konvergent oder divergent eingestellt werden. Da die erforderlichen Variationen sehr klein sind, können sie bezogen auf die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit des Laserstrahls sehr schnell vorgenommen werden. Hinzu kann insbesondere eine Linearachse im Strahlaufweiter 36 eingesetzt werden.Although the focus size F G in these changes the focus position F L remains virtually the same, a different spot size at the
Neben der Fokuslage FL kann auch die Fokusgröße FG schnell verändert werden, nämlich insbesondere durch das Ausmaß der Strahlaufweitung im Strahlaufweiter 36. Da die numerische Apertur einer Fokussierlinse mit ihrer Ausleuchtung zunimmt und die minimal erreichbare Fokusgröße FG umgekehrt proportional zur numerischen Apertur ist, kann mit einem stärker aufgeweiteten Laserstrahl 38"' ein kleinerer Fokusdurchmesser FG erzeugt werden, wie schematisch ganz rechts in
Zurückkommend auf die Darstellung der
Zur Erzeugung der Fünfecke 26 wird die Energie des Laserstrahls auch im Zentralbereich auf einen Wert zwischen der Schwellenergie EColor für eine Farbänderung und der zum Schneiden benötigen Schwellenergie Ecut abgesenkt. Zugleich wird mit einer oder mehreren der im Zusammenhang mit
Das Schneiden und die Farbänderung des Trägers können auch mit einem kombinierten Laserstrahl erfolgen, der aus einer Überlagerung zweier zunächst getrennter und unabhängig voneinander bezüglich Konvergenz/Divergenz und Strahlbreite eingestellter Laserstrahlen gebildet wird. Dadurch können die Breite der geschnittenen Öffnungen und die Breite der an die Öffnung angrenzenden Markierungen unabhängig voneinander eingestellt werden.The cutting and the color change of the carrier can also be carried out with a combined laser beam, which is formed from a superimposition of two initially separate laser beams which are set independently of one another with regard to convergence / divergence and beam width. This allows the width of the cut openings and the width of the markings adjacent to the opening to be set independently of one another.
Der Schneid-Laserstrahl 62 und der Markierungs-Laserstrahl 64 werden mit Hilfe eines Strahlkombinierers 60, der durch einen umgekehrt arbeitenden Strahlteiler gebildet sein kann, zu dem gewünschten Bearbeitungs-Laserstrahl 66 zusammengeführt, dessen Strahlprofil 76 in
Die Breite des Zentralbereichs Z und die Breite des Außenbereichs A können mit Hilfe der Einstelleinrichtungen 56, 58 unabhängig voneinander eingestellt werden. Bei der Laserbeaufschlagung des Trägers mit dem Laserstrahl 66 können daher die Schnittbreite und die Markierungsbreite unabhängig voneinander verändert werden.The width of the central area Z and the width of the outer area A can be set independently of one another with the aid of the
Wie bereits im Zusammenhang mit
Falls die Schnittbreite oder die Markierungsbreite für eine Anwendung nicht variiert werden soll, kann auf die entsprechende Einstelleinrichtung 56 bzw. 58 natürlich auch verzichtet werden.If the cutting width or the marking width should not be varied for an application, the
Zunächst zeigt
Zur Erzeugung dieser Gestaltung wurde der kombinierte Laserstrahl 66 der
Zur Erzeugung dieser Gestaltung wurde der kombinierte Laserstrahl 66 der
- 1010
- Banknotebill
- 1212
- Merkmalsbereichfeature region
- 1414
- Laserlochlaser hole
- 2020
- Trägercarrier
- 2222
- durchgehende Öffnungcontinuous opening
- 2424
- farbiger Randcolored border
- 2626
- Fünfeckepentagons
- 26-1 bis 26-526-1 to 26-5
- Linien unterschiedlicher BreiteLines of different widths
- 3030
- LaserbearbeitungsvorrichtungLaser processing device
- 3232
- Laserstrahllaser beam
- 3434
- Laserquellelaser source
- 3636
- Strahlaufweiterbeam
- 38, 38', 38", 38'''38, 38 ', 38 ", 38' ''
- aufgeweiteter Laserstrahlwidened laser beam
- 4040
- Scaneinrichtungscanning device
- 42, 42', 42", 42'''42, 42 ', 42 ", 42' ''
- umgelenkter Laserstrahldeflected laser beam
- 4444
- Brennebenefocal plane
- 5050
- LaserbearbeitungsvorrichtungLaser processing device
- 5252
- Schneidlaserlaser cutting
- 5454
- Markierungslaserlaser marking
- 56, 5856, 58
- Einstelleinrichtungenadjustment
- 6060
- Strahlkombiniererbeam combiner
- 6262
- Schneid-LaserstrahlCutting laser beam
- 6464
- Markierungs-LaserstrahlMarker laser beam
- 6666
- Bearbeitungs-LaserstrahlProcessing laser beam
- 72, 74, 7672, 74, 76
- Strahlprofilebeam profiles
- FF
- Fokusfocus
- FG F G
- Fokusgrößefocus size
- FL F L
- Fokuslagefocus position
- AA
- Außenbereichoutdoors
- ZZ
- ZentralbereichCentral area
Claims (12)
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DE102018005990.2A DE102018005990A1 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2018-07-27 | Method for producing a security feature using laser radiation |
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EP3599105A1 true EP3599105A1 (en) | 2020-01-29 |
EP3599105B1 EP3599105B1 (en) | 2022-06-08 |
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Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4334848C1 (en) | 1993-10-13 | 1995-01-05 | Kurz Leonhard Fa | Security with window |
WO2009003587A1 (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-08 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security feature and method for producing the same |
DE102008046513A1 (en) | 2008-09-10 | 2010-04-29 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Method for producing a security or value document |
WO2010072329A1 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data media having inspection area |
WO2011154112A1 (en) | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-15 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data carrier comprising feature region |
DE102010053052A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-06 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data carrier with marking |
WO2014106517A1 (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2014-07-10 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Method for producing a security element having a laser-sensitive recording layer |
EP3335900A1 (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-06-20 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology GmbH | Laser cutting and laser discolouration of security documents |
-
2018
- 2018-07-27 DE DE102018005990.2A patent/DE102018005990A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-07-25 EP EP19000346.7A patent/EP3599105B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4334848C1 (en) | 1993-10-13 | 1995-01-05 | Kurz Leonhard Fa | Security with window |
WO2009003587A1 (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-08 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security feature and method for producing the same |
DE102008046513A1 (en) | 2008-09-10 | 2010-04-29 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Method for producing a security or value document |
WO2010072329A1 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data media having inspection area |
WO2011154112A1 (en) | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-15 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data carrier comprising feature region |
DE102010053052A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-06 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data carrier with marking |
WO2014106517A1 (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2014-07-10 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Method for producing a security element having a laser-sensitive recording layer |
EP3335900A1 (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-06-20 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology GmbH | Laser cutting and laser discolouration of security documents |
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