EP3594756B1 - Timepiece component with arboured portion made of non-magnetic alloy - Google Patents

Timepiece component with arboured portion made of non-magnetic alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3594756B1
EP3594756B1 EP18182663.7A EP18182663A EP3594756B1 EP 3594756 B1 EP3594756 B1 EP 3594756B1 EP 18182663 A EP18182663 A EP 18182663A EP 3594756 B1 EP3594756 B1 EP 3594756B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
silver
palladium
mass
total
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18182663.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3594756A1 (en
Inventor
Alain Delizée
Cédric Reymond
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Blancpain SA
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Blancpain SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Blancpain SA filed Critical Blancpain SA
Priority to CH00858/18A priority Critical patent/CH715163A2/en
Priority to EP18182663.7A priority patent/EP3594756B1/en
Priority to US16/439,750 priority patent/US11561513B2/en
Priority to JP2019120840A priority patent/JP6837098B2/en
Priority to CN201910620260.1A priority patent/CN110703578B/en
Publication of EP3594756A1 publication Critical patent/EP3594756A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3594756B1 publication Critical patent/EP3594756B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/007—Gearwork with differential work
    • G04B13/008—Differentials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/20—Indicating by numbered bands, drums, discs, or sheets
    • G04B19/205—Indicating by numbered bands, drums, discs, or sheets by means of sheets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/20—Indicating by numbered bands, drums, discs, or sheets
    • G04B19/207—Indicating by numbered bands, drums, discs, or sheets by means of bands
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/20—Indicating by numbered bands, drums, discs, or sheets
    • G04B19/21—Drums
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/24—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars
    • G04B19/243—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars characterised by the shape of the date indicator
    • G04B19/24386—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars characterised by the shape of the date indicator sheet-shaped
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/24—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars
    • G04B19/243—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars characterised by the shape of the date indicator
    • G04B19/24386—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars characterised by the shape of the date indicator sheet-shaped
    • G04B19/24393—Driving or releasing mechanisms wherein the date indicators are driven or released mechanically by a clockwork movement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/24—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars
    • G04B19/243—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars characterised by the shape of the date indicator
    • G04B19/257—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars characterised by the shape of the date indicator drum-shaped or three-dimensional shaped
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/24—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars
    • G04B19/243—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars characterised by the shape of the date indicator
    • G04B19/257—Clocks or watches with date or week-day indicators, i.e. calendar clocks or watches; Clockwork calendars characterised by the shape of the date indicator drum-shaped or three-dimensional shaped
    • G04B19/2573—Driving or releasing mechanisms wherein the date indicators are driven or released mechanically by a clockwork movement
    • G04B19/2575—Driving or releasing mechanisms wherein the date indicators are driven or released mechanically by a clockwork movement driven or released stepwise by the clockwork movement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/26—Clocks or watches with indicators for tides, for the phases of the moon, or the like
    • G04B19/268—Clocks or watches with indicators for tides, for the phases of the moon, or the like with indicators for the phases of the moon
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B27/00—Mechanical devices for setting the time indicating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B27/00—Mechanical devices for setting the time indicating means
    • G04B27/002—The setting apparatus being crown shaped
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
    • G04B43/007—Antimagnetic alloys
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/0074—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment
    • G04D3/0079—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment for gearwork components
    • G04D3/0084—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment for gearwork components for axles, sleeves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/02—Lathes, with one or more supports; Burnishing machines, with one or more supports
    • G04D3/0227—Lathes, with one or more supports; Burnishing machines, with one or more supports for the manufacture of special components for clockworks
    • G04D3/0236—Lathes, with one or more supports; Burnishing machines, with one or more supports for the manufacture of special components for clockworks for gearwork components
    • G04D3/0254—Lathes, with one or more supports; Burnishing machines, with one or more supports for the manufacture of special components for clockworks for gearwork components for axles, sleeves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a timepiece component comprising a shaft portion comprising at least one pivot about a pivot axis.
  • the invention also relates to a clock oscillator, comprising at least one such component.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece movement, comprising at least one such oscillator, and / or at least one such component.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece comprising at least one such movement and / or at least one such oscillator, and / or at least one such component.
  • the invention relates to the field of watch components and moving parts, and more particularly the production of moving parts that include oscillators or clock movements.
  • EP 2 757 424 A1 discloses, for example, a timepiece component comprising a shaft part comprising at least one pivot about a pivot axis, at least the material constituting said shaft part being a non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver, and of Vickers hardness greater than 450 HV.
  • the invention proposes to offer an alternative to traditional clockwork mobiles comprising steel shafts, which can be used in an environment in which mechanisms of the magnetic type must not be disturbed.
  • the invention relates to a timepiece component comprising a shaft part comprising at least one pivot about a pivot axis, according to claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a clock oscillator, comprising at least one such component.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece movement, comprising at least one such oscillator, and / or at least one such component.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece comprising at least one such movement and / or at least one such oscillator, and / or at least one such component.
  • compositions of the present description are by mass.
  • the invention relates to a timepiece component 1, in particular a mobile, which comprises a shaft part 2, which comprises at least one pivot 3 about a pivot axis D.
  • the material of this shaved part it is preferable that its Vickers hardness is between that of a copper-beryllium alloy, 380HV +/- 20, and that of a steel of type 20AP or similar, 740HV + / -30.
  • At least the constituent material of this shaved part 2 is a non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium with a Vickers hardness greater than 450 HV.
  • component 1 is entirely non-magnetic.
  • the shaft part 2 passes through the component 1 over its entire length in the direction of the pivot axis D.
  • the shaved part 2 carries at least one added element 4, 40, which is also non-magnetic. More particularly still, each added element 4, 40, is non-magnetic. More particularly still, the constituent material of each said added element 4, 40, is a non-magnetic alloy. comprising at least silver and palladium with a Vickers hardness greater than 450 HV.
  • the constituent material of at least one, and more particularly of each insert 4, 40 is the same as that which constitutes the shaved part 2.
  • the material constituting at least one added element 4, 40 is a ceramic.
  • the material constituting at least one insert 4, 40 is silicon and / or silicon dioxide, or a metallic glass or an amorphous or substantially amorphous metal, or the like, such as DLC (" diamond like carbon ”) or other.
  • this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium from the shaved part 2 comprises, by weight, from 50% to 60% of palladium and from 25% to 40% of silver.
  • this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium from the shaved part 2 comprises, by weight, from 25% to 35% of palladium and from 65% to 75% of silver, with a mass total comprising at least silver and palladium less than or equal to 100%.
  • this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium from the shaved part 2 comprises, by weight, at least 50% of palladium or at least 80% of silver, with a total by weight of the components. of said alloy equal to 100%. The alloy is then titratable.
  • this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium, of the shaved part 2 is a ternary alloy comprising silver, palladium and copper, and comprises, by mass, 20 % to 50% palladium and from 20% to 50% silver, from 20% to 40% copper, with a total mass of silver, copper and palladium, less than or equal to 100%. Copper has the effect of significantly increasing the hardness of the alloy.
  • this ternary non-magnetic alloy comprises, by mass, from 36% to 40% of palladium, from 38% to 42% of silver, from 19% to 23% of copper, the total of palladium silver and of copper being less than or equal to 100%.
  • Its Vickers hardness is between 450 HV and 510 HV, and more particularly between 470 HV and 490 HV.
  • This alloy therefore constitutes an interesting material for any part of watchmaking bar turning, because its machinability is good, and its mechanical behavior is similar to that of a steel. It is therefore particularly suitable for non-magnetic mobiles, or at least for shafts of non-magnetic mobiles.
  • the alloy comprising at least silver and palladium is devoid of SVHC Substance of Very High Concern, also known as substances of very high concern, according to appendix 3 of the Swiss OChim Ordinance on chemicals, and Annex 1.17 ORRChem (substances listed in Annex XIV of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the REACH Directive.
  • this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium of the shaved part 2 has an elastic modulus of between 95 GPa and 105 GPa.
  • this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium from the shaved part 2 has an expansion coefficient of between 14.10 -6 and 17.10 -6 .
  • this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium from the shaved part 2 has a Poisson's ratio of between 0.35 and 0.39.
  • this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium comprises, by mass, from 0% to 2% indium, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%, for the reinforcement of the 'alloy.
  • this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium comprises, by mass, from 0% to 2% tin, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%, for the reinforcement of the tin. 'alloy.
  • this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium comprises, by mass, from 0% to 2% of platinum, more particularly from 0% to 0.8% of platinum, and more particularly still from 0% to 0.5% platinum, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%.
  • this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium comprises, by mass, from 0% to 1.0% of nickel, with a total mass of the components of the equal alloy. 100%.
  • this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium comprises, by mass, from 0% to 0.1% of zinc, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%, in order to obtain higher strength and hardness, to achieve higher strength and hardness.
  • this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium comprises, by mass, from 0.01% to 0.03% of boron, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%, in order to obtain higher strength and hardness.
  • this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium comprises, by mass, a total less than or equal to 1% of gold and / or platinum and / or ruthenium and / or rhenium, agents modifiers, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%.
  • this component 1 is a balance, and carries, on its shaft part 2, at least one rim 4 and at least one plate 40, resting on bearing surfaces, respectively 50 and 60.
  • the choice of the alloy allows the production of a rod of very small diameter, in particular less than 70 micrometers.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece oscillator 100, comprising at least one such component 1.
  • the invention also relates to a clockwork movement 200, comprising at least one such oscillator 100, and / or at least one such component 1.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece 1000 comprising at least one such movement 200, and / or at least one such oscillator 100, and / or at least one such component 1.
  • this timepiece 1000 is a watch.
  • the invention provides a good response to the always difficult problem of manufacturing non-magnetic mobiles of small diameter, in particular for oscillator mobiles, chronograph shafts, or the like.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention concerne un composant d'horlogerie comportant une partie arbrée comportant au moins un pivot autour d'un axe de pivot.The invention relates to a timepiece component comprising a shaft portion comprising at least one pivot about a pivot axis.

L'invention concerne encore un oscillateur d'horlogerie, comportant au moins un tel composant.The invention also relates to a clock oscillator, comprising at least one such component.

L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie, comportant au moins un tel oscillateur, et/ou au moins un tel composant.The invention also relates to a timepiece movement, comprising at least one such oscillator, and / or at least one such component.

L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie comportant au moins un tel mouvement et/ou au moins un tel oscillateur, et/ou au moins un tel composant.The invention also relates to a timepiece comprising at least one such movement and / or at least one such oscillator, and / or at least one such component.

L'invention concerne le domaine des composants et mobiles d'horlogerie, et plus particulièrement la réalisation de mobiles que comportent des oscillateurs ou des mouvements d'horlogerie.The invention relates to the field of watch components and moving parts, and more particularly the production of moving parts that include oscillators or clock movements.

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

La confection de mobiles d'horlogerie amagnétiques, n'est pas traditionnelle. Or il existe un besoin dans différents types de mouvements qui font appel aux lois du magnétisme, en particulier pour réduire ou supprimer les frottements, notamment dans les oscillateurs où on cherche à éliminer les arrêtoirs traditionnels de type ancre, qui altèrent fortement la réserve de marche. EP 2 757 424 A1 divulgue, par exemple, un composant d'horlogerie comportant une partie arbrée comportant au moins un pivot autour d'un axe de pivot, au moins le matériau constitutif de ladite partie arbrée étant un alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent, et de dureté Vickers supérieure à 450 HV.The making of non-magnetic watch mobiles is not traditional. However, there is a need in various types of movements which call upon the laws of magnetism, in particular to reduce or eliminate friction, in particular in oscillators where it is sought to eliminate the traditional anchor-type retainers, which strongly alter the power reserve. . EP 2 757 424 A1 discloses, for example, a timepiece component comprising a shaft part comprising at least one pivot about a pivot axis, at least the material constituting said shaft part being a non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver, and of Vickers hardness greater than 450 HV.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

L'invention se propose d'offrir une alternative aux mobiles d'horlogerie traditionnels comportant des arbres en acier, qui soit utilisable dans un environnement dans lequel des mécanismes de type magnétique ne doivent pas être perturbés.The invention proposes to offer an alternative to traditional clockwork mobiles comprising steel shafts, which can be used in an environment in which mechanisms of the magnetic type must not be disturbed.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un composant d'horlogerie comportant une partie arbrée comportant au moins un pivot autour d'un axe de pivot, selon la revendication 1.To this end, the invention relates to a timepiece component comprising a shaft part comprising at least one pivot about a pivot axis, according to claim 1.

L'invention concerne encore un oscillateur d'horlogerie, comportant au moins un tel composant.The invention also relates to a clock oscillator, comprising at least one such component.

L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie, comportant au moins un tel oscillateur, et/ou au moins un tel composant.The invention also relates to a timepiece movement, comprising at least one such oscillator, and / or at least one such component.

L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie comportant au moins un tel mouvement et/ou au moins un tel oscillateur, et/ou au moins un tel composant.The invention also relates to a timepiece comprising at least one such movement and / or at least one such oscillator, and / or at least one such component.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés, où :

  • la figure 1 représente, de façon schématisée, et en vue de côté, un composant d'horlogerie selon l'invention, qui est ici un mobile constituant un balancier; et qui comporte une partie arbrée traversante incluant deux pivots à ses extrémités distales selon l'axe de rotation, laquelle partie arbrée porte, sur une première portée, une serge de balancier qui est en appui latéral sur un premier flanc d'une collerette qui constitue la zone de plus grand diamètre de la partie arbrée, laquelle porte encore, sur une deuxième portée et en appui sur un deuxième flanc de la collerette opposé au premier, un plateau de balancier porteur d'une cheville de plateau ;
  • la figure 2 est un schéma-blocs représentant une montre comportant un mouvement d'horlogerie, qui comporte un oscillateur, lequel incorpore un tel mobile.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, where:
  • the figure 1 represents, schematically, and in side view, a timepiece component according to the invention, which is here a mobile constituting a balance; and which comprises a through-shaft portion including two pivots at its distal ends along the axis of rotation, which shaft portion bears, on a first bearing surface, a balance rim which is in lateral support on a first side of a collar which constitutes the area of the largest diameter of the shaft part, which also bears, on a second bearing surface and resting on a second flank of the collar opposite the first, a balance plate carrying a plate pin;
  • the figure 2 is a block diagram representing a watch comprising a clockwork movement, which comprises an oscillator, which incorporates such a mobile.

Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférésDetailed description of the preferred embodiments

Sauf spécification expresse contraire, les compositions de la présente description sont massiques.Unless expressly specified to the contrary, the compositions of the present description are by mass.

L'invention concerne un composant 1 d'horlogerie, notamment un mobile, qui comporte une partie arbrée 2, laquelle comporte au moins un pivot 3 autour d'un axe de pivot D.The invention relates to a timepiece component 1, in particular a mobile, which comprises a shaft part 2, which comprises at least one pivot 3 about a pivot axis D.

En ce qui concerne le matériau de cette partie arbrée, il est préférable que sa dureté Vickers se situe entre celle d'un alliage cuivre-beryllium, 380HV +/-20, et celle d'un acier de type 20AP ou similaire, 740HV+/-30.Regarding the material of this shaved part, it is preferable that its Vickers hardness is between that of a copper-beryllium alloy, 380HV +/- 20, and that of a steel of type 20AP or similar, 740HV + / -30.

Selon l'invention, au moins le matériau constitutif de cette partie arbrée 2 est un alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium de dureté Vickers supérieure à 450 HV.According to the invention, at least the constituent material of this shaved part 2 is a non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium with a Vickers hardness greater than 450 HV.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, le composant 1 est entièrement amagnétique.In a particular embodiment, component 1 is entirely non-magnetic.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, la partie arbrée 2 traverse le composant 1 sur toute sa longueur selon la direction de l'axe de pivot D.In a particular embodiment, the shaft part 2 passes through the component 1 over its entire length in the direction of the pivot axis D.

Plus particulièrement, la partie arbrée 2 porte au moins un élément rapporté 4, 40, qui est également amagnétique. Plus particulièrement encore, chaque élément rapporté 4, 40, est amagnétique. Plus particulièrement encore, le matériau constitutif de chaque dit élément rapporté 4, 40, est un alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium de dureté Vickers supérieure à 450 HV.More particularly, the shaved part 2 carries at least one added element 4, 40, which is also non-magnetic. More particularly still, each added element 4, 40, is non-magnetic. More particularly still, the constituent material of each said added element 4, 40, is a non-magnetic alloy. comprising at least silver and palladium with a Vickers hardness greater than 450 HV.

Dans une réalisation particulière, le matériau constitutif d'au moins un, et plus particulièrement de chaque élément rapporté 4, 40, est le même que celui qui constitue la partie arbrée 2.In a particular embodiment, the constituent material of at least one, and more particularly of each insert 4, 40, is the same as that which constitutes the shaved part 2.

Dans une variante, le matériau constitutif d'au moins un élément rapporté 4, 40, est une céramique.In one variant, the material constituting at least one added element 4, 40 is a ceramic.

Dans une autre variante, le matériau constitutif d'au moins un élément rapporté 4, 40, est du silicium et/ou du dioxyde de silicium, ou un verre métallique ou un métal amorphe ou sensiblement amorphe, ou similaire, tel que DLC (« diamond like carbon ») ou autre.In another variant, the material constituting at least one insert 4, 40, is silicon and / or silicon dioxide, or a metallic glass or an amorphous or substantially amorphous metal, or the like, such as DLC (" diamond like carbon ”) or other.

Dans une composition particulière, cet alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium de la partie arbrée 2 comporte, en masse, de 50% à 60% de palladium et de 25% à 40% d'argent.In a particular composition, this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium from the shaved part 2 comprises, by weight, from 50% to 60% of palladium and from 25% to 40% of silver.

Dans une autre composition particulière, cet alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium de la partie arbrée 2 comporte, en masse, de 25% à 35% de palladium et de 65% à 75% d'argent, avec un total massique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium inférieur ou égal à 100%.In another particular composition, this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium from the shaved part 2 comprises, by weight, from 25% to 35% of palladium and from 65% to 75% of silver, with a mass total comprising at least silver and palladium less than or equal to 100%.

Dans une autre composition particulière, cet alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium de la partie arbrée 2 comporte, en masse, au moins 50% de palladium ou au moins 80% d'argent, avec un total massique des composants dudit alliage égal à 100%. L'alliage est alors titrable.In another particular composition, this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium from the shaved part 2 comprises, by weight, at least 50% of palladium or at least 80% of silver, with a total by weight of the components. of said alloy equal to 100%. The alloy is then titratable.

Dans une autre composition particulière, cet alliage amagnétique, comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium, de la partie arbrée 2 est un alliage ternaire comportant de l'argent, du palladium et du cuivre, et comporte, en masse, de 20% à 50% de palladium et de 20% à 50% d'argent, de de 20% à 40% de cuivre, avec un total massique d'argent, de cuivre et de palladium, inférieur ou égal à 100%. Le cuivre a pour effet d'augmenter sensiblement la dureté de l'alliage.In another particular composition, this non-magnetic alloy, comprising at least silver and palladium, of the shaved part 2 is a ternary alloy comprising silver, palladium and copper, and comprises, by mass, 20 % to 50% palladium and from 20% to 50% silver, from 20% to 40% copper, with a total mass of silver, copper and palladium, less than or equal to 100%. Copper has the effect of significantly increasing the hardness of the alloy.

Dans une variante avantageuse, cet alliage amagnétique ternaire comporte, en masse, de 36% à 40% de palladium, de 38% à 42% d'argent, de 19% à 23% de cuivre, le total d'argent de palladium et de cuivre étant inférieur ou égal à 100%. Sa dureté Vickers est comprise entre 450 HV et 510 HV, et, plus particulièrement, entre 470 HV et 490 HV. Cet alliage constitue donc un matériau intéressant pour toute pièce de décolletage horlogère, car son usinabilité est bonne, et son comportement mécanique se rapproche de celui d'un acier. Il convient donc particulièrement bien pour des mobiles amagnétiques, ou tout au moins pour des arbres de mobiles amagnétiques.In an advantageous variant, this ternary non-magnetic alloy comprises, by mass, from 36% to 40% of palladium, from 38% to 42% of silver, from 19% to 23% of copper, the total of palladium silver and of copper being less than or equal to 100%. Its Vickers hardness is between 450 HV and 510 HV, and more particularly between 470 HV and 490 HV. This alloy therefore constitutes an interesting material for any part of watchmaking bar turning, because its machinability is good, and its mechanical behavior is similar to that of a steel. It is therefore particularly suitable for non-magnetic mobiles, or at least for shafts of non-magnetic mobiles.

Dans une variante particulière, l'alliage comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium est dépourvu de SVHC Substance of Very High Concern, dites aussi substances extrêmement préoccupantes, selon l'annexe 3 de l'Ordonnance Suisse OChim sur les produits chimiques, et l'annexe 1.17 ORRChim (substances visées à l'annexe XIV du règlement (CE) n° 1907/2006 de la Directive REACH.In a particular variant, the alloy comprising at least silver and palladium is devoid of SVHC Substance of Very High Concern, also known as substances of very high concern, according to appendix 3 of the Swiss OChim Ordinance on chemicals, and Annex 1.17 ORRChem (substances listed in Annex XIV of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the REACH Directive.

Dans une variante particulière, cet alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium de la partie arbrée 2 a un module d'élasticité compris entre 95 GPa et 105 GPa.In a particular variant, this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium of the shaved part 2 has an elastic modulus of between 95 GPa and 105 GPa.

Dans une variante particulière, cet alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium de la partie arbrée 2 a un coefficient de dilation compris entre 14.10-6 et 17.10-6.In a particular variant, this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium from the shaved part 2 has an expansion coefficient of between 14.10 -6 and 17.10 -6 .

Dans une variante particulière, cet alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium de la partie arbrée 2 a un coefficient de Poisson compris entre 0.35 et 0.39.In a particular variant, this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium from the shaved part 2 has a Poisson's ratio of between 0.35 and 0.39.

Dans une variante, cet alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium comporte, en masse, de 0% à 2% d'indium, avec un total massique des composants dudit alliage égal à 100%, pour le renforcement de l'alliage.In a variant, this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium comprises, by mass, from 0% to 2% indium, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%, for the reinforcement of the 'alloy.

Dans une variante, cet alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium comporte, en masse, de 0% à 2% d'étain, avec un total massique des composants dudit alliage égal à 100%, pour le renforcement de l'alliage.In one variant, this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium comprises, by mass, from 0% to 2% tin, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%, for the reinforcement of the tin. 'alloy.

Dans une variante, cet alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium comporte, en masse, de 0% à 2% de platine, plus particulièrement de 0% à 0.8% de platine, et plus particulièrement encore de 0% à 0.5% de platine, avec un total massique des composants dudit alliage égal à 100%.In one variant, this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium comprises, by mass, from 0% to 2% of platinum, more particularly from 0% to 0.8% of platinum, and more particularly still from 0% to 0.5% platinum, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%.

Dans une variante pour des utilisations uniquement internes à la montre, cet alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium comporte, en masse, de 0% à 1.0% de nickel, avec un total massique des composants de l'alliage égal à 100%.In a variant for uses only internal to the watch, this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium comprises, by mass, from 0% to 1.0% of nickel, with a total mass of the components of the equal alloy. 100%.

Dans une variante, cet alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium comporte, en masse, de 0% à 0.1% de zinc, avec un total massique des composants dudit alliage égal à 100%, pour l'obtention d'une résistance et d'une dureté plus élevée, pour l'obtention d'une résistance et d'une dureté plus élevées.In a variant, this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium comprises, by mass, from 0% to 0.1% of zinc, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%, in order to obtain higher strength and hardness, to achieve higher strength and hardness.

Dans une variante, cet alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium comporte, en masse, de 0.01% à 0.03% de bore, avec un total massique des composants dudit alliage égal à 100%, pour l'obtention d'une résistance et d'une dureté plus élevées.In a variant, this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium comprises, by mass, from 0.01% to 0.03% of boron, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%, in order to obtain higher strength and hardness.

Dans une variante, cet alliage amagnétique comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium comporte, en masse, un total inférieur ou égal à 1% d'or et/ou de platine et/ou de ruthénium et/ou de rhénium, agents modificateurs, avec un total massique des composants dudit alliage égal à 100%.In one variant, this non-magnetic alloy comprising at least silver and palladium comprises, by mass, a total less than or equal to 1% of gold and / or platinum and / or ruthenium and / or rhenium, agents modifiers, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%.

Ainsi, selon la composition de l'alliage, on peut obtenir une dureté proche de 500 HV, voire supérieure à 500 HV.Thus, depending on the composition of the alloy, it is possible to obtain a hardness close to 500 HV, or even greater than 500 HV.

Dans un cas particulier, tel que visible sur la figure 1, ce composant 1 est un balancier, et porte, sur sa partie arbrée 2, au moins une serge 4 et au moins un plateau 40, en appui sur des surfaces d'appui, respectivement 50 et 60.In a particular case, as seen on the figure 1 , this component 1 is a balance, and carries, on its shaft part 2, at least one rim 4 and at least one plate 40, resting on bearing surfaces, respectively 50 and 60.

Le choix de l'alliage autorise la réalisation d'un tigeron de très petit diamètre, notamment inférieur à 70 micromètres.The choice of the alloy allows the production of a rod of very small diameter, in particular less than 70 micrometers.

L'invention concerne encore un oscillateur 100 d'horlogerie, comportant au moins un tel composant 1.The invention also relates to a timepiece oscillator 100, comprising at least one such component 1.

L'invention concerne encore un mouvement 200 d'horlogerie, comportant au moins un tel oscillateur 100, et/ou au moins un tel composant 1.The invention also relates to a clockwork movement 200, comprising at least one such oscillator 100, and / or at least one such component 1.

L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie 1000 comportant au moins un tel mouvement 200, et/ou au moins un tel oscillateur 100, et/ou au moins un tel composant 1.The invention also relates to a timepiece 1000 comprising at least one such movement 200, and / or at least one such oscillator 100, and / or at least one such component 1.

Plus particulièrement, cette pièce d'horlogerie 1000 est une montre.More particularly, this timepiece 1000 is a watch.

En somme, le choix d'un matériau précieux, qui peut être titrable, pour la réalisation d'un arbre de mobile horloger, va à l'encontre des préjugés relatifs à l'usure rapide des alliages précieux. Le choix d'un alliage comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium, parmi ceux décrits ci-dessus, apporte une réponse étonnante à la problématique d'usure, ces alliages s'usant très peu dans des conditions normales d'utilisation, tout en étant amagnétiques comme souhaité.In short, the choice of a precious material, which can be titratable, for the production of a watchmaker's mobile shaft, goes against the prejudices relating to the rapid wear of precious alloys. The choice of an alloy comprising at least silver and palladium, among those described above, provides an astonishing answer to the problem of wear, these alloys wearing very little under normal conditions of use, while being non-magnetic as desired.

Naturellement, même si la description ci-dessus a surtout mis l'accent sur des exécutions de mobiles avec des éléments rapportés, qui permettent d'abaisser le coût matière, l'utilisation de ces alliages comportant au moins de l'argent et du palladium pour des mobiles monobloc est tout à fait possible également.Naturally, even if the above description has mainly focused on versions of mobiles with attached elements, which make it possible to lower the material cost, the use of these alloys comprising at least silver and palladium for monoblock mobiles is also quite possible.

L'invention apporte une bonne réponse au problème toujours difficile de la confection de mobiles amagnétiques de petit diamètre, en particulier pour des mobiles d'oscillateurs, des arbres de chronographe, ou autres.The invention provides a good response to the always difficult problem of manufacturing non-magnetic mobiles of small diameter, in particular for oscillator mobiles, chronograph shafts, or the like.

Claims (26)

  1. Timepiece component (1) comprising a shaft-like portion (2) including at least one pivot (3) about a pivot axis (D), characterised in that at least the material forming said shaft-like portion (2) is a non-magnetic alloy containing at least silver and palladium, and having a Vickers hardness of more than 450 HV.
  2. Component (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that said component (1) is completely non-magnetic.
  3. Component (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that said shaft-like portion (2) runs through the entire length of said component (1) in the direction of said pivot axis (D).
  4. Component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that said shaft-like portion (2) carries at least one added element (4; 40) which is non-magnetic.
  5. Component (1) according to claim 4, characterised in that the material forming each said added element (4; 40) is a non-magnetic alloy containing at least silver and palladium, and having a Vickers hardness of more than 450 HV.
  6. Component (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the material forming each said added element (4; 40) is the same as that which forms said shaft-like portion (2).
  7. Component (1) according to claim 4, characterised in that the material forming at least one said added element (4; 40) is a ceramic.
  8. Component (1) according to claim 4, characterised in that the material forming at least one said added element (4; 40) is silicon and/or silicon dioxide, or a metallic glass or an amorphous or substantially amorphous metal.
  9. Component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that said non-magnetic alloy containing at least silver and palladium contains, by mass, 50% to 60% palladium and 25% to 40% silver.
  10. Component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that said non-magnetic alloy containing at least silver and palladium contains, by mass, 25% to 35% palladium and 65% to 75% silver, with a total by mass of at least silver and palladium less than or equal to 100%.
  11. Component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that said non-magnetic alloy containing at least silver and palladium is a non-magnetic ternary alloy of silver, palladium and copper, and contains, by mass, 20% to 50% palladium and 20% to 50% silver and 20% to 40% copper, with a total by mass of silver, copper and palladium less than or equal to 100%.
  12. Component (1) according to claim 11, characterised in that said non-magnetic ternary alloy contains, by mass, 36% to 40% palladium, 38% to 42% silver, 19% to 23% copper, the total of silver, palladium and copper being less than or equal to 100%, and in that its Vickers hardness is between 450 HV and 510 HV.
  13. Component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that said non-magnetic alloy containing at least silver and palladium contains, by mass, at least 50% palladium or at least 80% silver, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%.
  14. Component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that said non-magnetic alloy containing at least silver and palladium has a modulus of elasticity of between 95 GPa and 105 GPa.
  15. Component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that said non-magnetic alloy containing at least silver and palladium contains, by mass, 0% to 2% indium, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%.
  16. Component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that said non-magnetic alloy containing at least silver and palladium contains, by mass, 0% to 2% tin, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%.
  17. Component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that said non-magnetic alloy containing at least silver and palladium contains, by mass, 0% to 1.0% nickel, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%.
  18. Component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterised in that said non-magnetic alloy containing at least silver and palladium contains, by mass, 0% to 2% platinum, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%.
  19. Component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterised in that said non-magnetic alloy containing at least silver and palladium contains, by mass, 0% to 0.1% zinc, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%.
  20. Component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterised in that said non-magnetic alloy containing at least silver and palladium contains, by mass, 0.01% to 0.03% boron, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%.
  21. Component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterised in that said non-magnetic alloy containing at least silver and palladium contains, by mass, a total of less than or equal to 1% of gold and/or platinum and/or ruthenium and/or rhenium, with a total by mass of the components of said alloy equal to 100%.
  22. Component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterised in that said component (1) is a balance, and carries, on said shaft-like portion (2), at least one rim (4) and at least one roller (40).
  23. Timepiece oscillator (100), including at least one component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 22.
  24. Timepiece movement (200), including at least one oscillator (100) according to claim 23, and/or at least one component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 22.
  25. Timepiece (1000) including at least one movement (200) according to claim 24 and/or at least one oscillator (100) according to claim 23, and/or at least one component (1) according to one of claims 1 to 22.
  26. Timepiece (1000) according to claim 25, characterised in that it is a watch.
EP18182663.7A 2018-07-10 2018-07-10 Timepiece component with arboured portion made of non-magnetic alloy Active EP3594756B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00858/18A CH715163A2 (en) 2018-07-10 2018-07-10 Timepiece component with non-magnetic alloy shafted part.
EP18182663.7A EP3594756B1 (en) 2018-07-10 2018-07-10 Timepiece component with arboured portion made of non-magnetic alloy
US16/439,750 US11561513B2 (en) 2018-07-10 2019-06-13 Timepiece component with a shaft-like portion made of non-magnetic alloy
JP2019120840A JP6837098B2 (en) 2018-07-10 2019-06-28 Timekeeper components with shaft-like parts made from non-magnetic alloys
CN201910620260.1A CN110703578B (en) 2018-07-10 2019-07-10 Timepiece component with a shaft-like part made of a non-magnetic alloy

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18182663.7A EP3594756B1 (en) 2018-07-10 2018-07-10 Timepiece component with arboured portion made of non-magnetic alloy

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EP3594756A1 EP3594756A1 (en) 2020-01-15
EP3594756B1 true EP3594756B1 (en) 2021-05-12

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US (1) US11561513B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3594756B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6837098B2 (en)
CN (1) CN110703578B (en)
CH (1) CH715163A2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4033307A1 (en) * 2021-01-22 2022-07-27 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Assembly comprising a rotating moving part made of non-magnetic material and a bearing provided with a cone
KR20240077633A (en) * 2022-11-24 2024-06-03 신영금속 (주) Ag-Pd-Cu alloy material having improved electrical resistance and abrasion resistance and electrical and electronic components manufactured using the same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5657881B2 (en) * 2009-12-09 2015-01-21 株式会社徳力本店 Probe pin material
EP2450758B1 (en) * 2010-11-09 2017-01-04 Montres Breguet SA Magnetic pivot and electrostatic pivot
CH707503A2 (en) * 2013-01-17 2014-07-31 Omega Sa Pivoting axle i.e. non-magnetic balance axle, for clockwork movement of timepiece, has pivot made of composite material having metal matrix charged with hard particles in order to limit sensitivity of axle to magnetic fields
EP3177747B1 (en) * 2014-11-13 2018-01-10 C. Hafner GmbH + Co. KG Amorphously solidifying noble metal-based noble metal alloy
JP6550457B2 (en) * 2015-03-31 2019-07-24 日本発條株式会社 Alloy material, contact probe and connection terminal
JP6647075B2 (en) * 2016-02-19 2020-02-14 日本発條株式会社 Alloy materials, contact probes and connection terminals
EP3273306A1 (en) 2016-07-19 2018-01-24 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Part for clock movement
EP3273307A1 (en) * 2016-07-19 2018-01-24 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Part for clock movement
CH712719B1 (en) * 2016-07-19 2020-12-15 Nivarox Sa Watch component for watch movement.
EP3315620B1 (en) 2016-10-25 2020-06-24 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Non-magnetic precious alloy for clockmaking applications

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CH715163A2 (en) 2020-01-15
JP2020008573A (en) 2020-01-16
JP6837098B2 (en) 2021-03-03
US20200019122A1 (en) 2020-01-16
EP3594756A1 (en) 2020-01-15
CN110703578B (en) 2022-02-25
CN110703578A (en) 2020-01-17
US11561513B2 (en) 2023-01-24

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