EP3582326B1 - Antennenkopplung - Google Patents
Antennenkopplung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3582326B1 EP3582326B1 EP18177988.5A EP18177988A EP3582326B1 EP 3582326 B1 EP3582326 B1 EP 3582326B1 EP 18177988 A EP18177988 A EP 18177988A EP 3582326 B1 EP3582326 B1 EP 3582326B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- aperture
- conductor
- antennas
- ground plane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
- H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
Definitions
- Each radiating element resonates, on the one hand, along a first resonance axis perpendicular to the axis of the first slot and, on the other hand, along a second resonance axis perpendicular to the axis of the second and third slots, the intersection of these two resonance axes being at a right angle and defining a resonance centre.
- the first slot is centred transversely with respect to the said first resonance axis and longitudinally with respect to the said resonance centre.
- the second and third slots are centred transversely with respect to the said second resonance axis and placed at equal distances from the said resonance centre.
- the conductor may be provided as a track on substantially one side only of a printed wire board or similar substrate.
- the antenna array or base station may further comprise measurement and calibration means for receiving the coupled signals, and for measuring and calibrating the amplitude and/or phase of signals respectively received from, and/or provided to, the antennas.
- the calibration means may be configured to modify one or more signals provided to the antennas to substantially maintain a required beam profile.
- Example embodiments relate to antenna coupling, for example an apparatus or structure for coupling a signal from one or more antennas, for example from a plurality of antennas forming an array for beamforming purposes in use.
- Example embodiments may relate to a coupling apparatus for an antenna array provided on a cellular base station, with associated monitoring and/or calibration equipment or circuitry which may receive signals from transmission lines associated with the coupler for analysis or processing.
- Other applications are however within the scope of the following.
- a coupler is a point or structure provided with an antenna or antenna array for receiving an indication of the antenna's signals.
- a coupler comprises both an aperture in a ground plane and a coupling or transmission line conductor. These coupled signals are effectively 'sniffed' by the coupler at a low signal level, in a process generally referred to herein as coupling, and these low signal levels are sent back to the monitoring and/or calibration equipment, which determines amplitude and phase information for comparison with signals sniffed by one or more other couplers associated with respective one or more other antennas. If needed, calibration equipment can adjust the amplitude and/or phase to one or more antennas.
- the coupler may be directional.
- a radiating element 170 is provided in the form of a metal plate, which may or may not be integral with the box-like structure defining the cavity 130.
- the radiating element 170 is or are formed one or more slotted resonant elements 180; in this example, these may be provided by two slots 180 in different orientations but providing a single cross-shaped aperture, formed in the manner of an "X" shape.
- the two slots 180 may therefore intersect.
- the different slots 180 produce different polarisations by virtue of their respective orientations.
- the different polarisations maybe substantially orthogonal.
- Multiple instances of the antenna 110 may be provided as separate individual modules, for example multiple cavities 130 and multiple radiating elements 170.
- the multiple instances may be provided by a single contiguous piece of conductive material having multiple cavities 130, with either individual radiating elements 170 or a single plate having multiple sets of slots 180 which overlie respective ones of the cavities.
- the multiple antennas 110 may be located substantially on a single plane.
- conductive coupler line On the opposite side of the base wall 150 is provided part of a conductor 200, hereafter “conductive coupler line” for carrying coupled signals to electronic devices.
- the conductive coupler line 200 may comprise a strip of conductive material printed or otherwise provided on a substrate, e.g. a PWB, a first side of which may be attached to the underside of the base wall 150.
- the conductive coupler line 200 may be carried by a second, opposite side of the PWB such that the PWB material is between the strip of conductive material and the base wall.
- the conductive coupler line 200 may be, for example a 50 ohm transmission microstrip line.
- the PWB or other substrate may comprise a dielectric material such as FR-4, or other RF or microwave substrate or laminate, including ceramics such as alumina, composites etc.
- Figure 5A shows in plan-view one side of a printed circuit board (PCB) 240 or the like, on which may be mounted an array of antennas 110 (not shown in the Figure) for example in a MIMO or mMIMO array or any other kind of array.
- the conductive coupler line 200 partly shown in Figures 3 and 4 is indicated as a serial path to first and second connection points C1, C2 which connect to measurement and/or calibration equipment 300 and/or may lead off to transceiver, transmitter and/or receiver circuitry if integrated within the same PCB/PWB or a separate PCB/PWB.
- the simplicity of the conductive coupler line 200 arrangement is evident.
- Figure 5B shows in plan-view one side of a printed circuit board (PCB) 250 or the like, on which may be mounted an array of antennas 110 (not shown in the Figure) for example in a MIMO or mMIMO array or any other kind of array.
- a differently-arranged conductive coupler line 260 being a single direction coupling path, extends to a first connection point C1 which may similarly connect to measurement and/or calibration equipment 300 as in Figure 5A and/or may lead off to transceiver, transmitter and/or receiver circuitry if integrated within the same PCB/PWB or a separate PCB/PWB. Otherwise, the manner in which the conductive coupler line 260 is arranged on a single plane on the PCB 250 and partly overlies the apertures 120 for receiving and passing the coupled signals is the same.
- a PWB can be any form of printed wiring board, including printed circuit boards, flexi circuits, semi-flexible circuits and other forms of printable substrates and laminates.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Claims (15)
- Vorrichtung (10) mit:einer Antennenzuleitung zum Führen von HF-Signalen zu und/oder von einer Antenne (30, 110, 315, 320, 350); undKopplungsmitteln, die so konfiguriert sind, dass ein Signal von einem Strahlungsanteil der Antenne (30, 110, 315, 320, 350) gekoppelt wird, und so konfiguriert sind, dass die Antenne (30, 110, 315, 320, 350) dynamisch überwacht und/oder kalibriert wird, wobei die Antenne (30, 110, 315, 320, 350) eine oder mehrere Antennenelemente (170) und eine Grundplatte aufweist,wobei die Kopplungsmittel umfassen:die Grundplatte der Antenne; eine Apertur (120, 325), die durch die Grundplatte der Antenne (30, 110, 350) führt; undeinen Leiter (200, 260, 330) zum Koppeln eines Signals, das durch ein oder mehrere Antennenelemente (170) übertragen wird, wobei ein Teil des Leiters (200, 260, 330) über mindestens einen Teil der Apertur (120, 325) verlängert wird,wobei die Kopplungsmittel weiter so konfiguriert sind, dass Signale von den jeweiligen Strahlungsanteilen einer Vielzahl dieser Antennen (30, 110, 315, 320, 350) gekoppelt werden,wobei die Kopplungsmittel weiter eine Vielzahl dieser Aperturen (120, 325) aufweisen, die räumlich getrennt von einem oder mehreren Antennenelementen (170) der Vielzahl von Antennen angeordnet sind,undwobei der Leiter (200, 260, 330) so angeordnet ist, dass die jeweiligen Teile des Leiters (200, 260, 330) über mindestens einen Teil jeder Apertur (120, 325) verlängert werden, undwobei die Vielzahl von Antennen (30, 110, 315, 320, 350) als Array angeordnet sind, das eine oder mehrere Reihen von Antennen (30, 110, 315, 320, 350) aufweist, undwobei der Leiter (200, 260, 330) von einem ersten Terminal (C1) eines Anschlussports zu jeder Apertur (120, 325) verlängert wird, undwobei der Anschlussport so konfiguriert ist, dass er mit einer Mess- und/oder Kalibriervorrichtung (300) verbunden und/oder zu einem Sendeempfänger-, Sender- und/oder Empfängerschaltkreis abgeleitet wird.
- Die Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Apertur ein Schlitz ist.
- Die Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Apertur im Wesentlichen gegenüber von einem oder mehreren Antennenelementen angeordnet ist.
- Die Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Teil des Leiters, der über einen Teil der Apertur verlängert wird, eine größere Breite gegenüber dem anderen Teil des Leiters aufweist, der nicht über einen Teil der Apertur verlängert wird.
- Die Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, wobei dieser Breite des Teils des Leiters, der über einen Teil der Apertur verlängert wird, angepasst wird, um die durch den Schlitz verursachte Impedanz auszugleichen.
- Die Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Apertur in der Grundplatte einer dual-polarisierten Antenne bereitgestellt wird.
- Die Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Antenne eine Vielzahl von Dipolantennenelementen auf einer Reflektor-Grundplatte aufweist, wobei die Apertur in der Reflektor-Grundplatte bereitgestellt wird.
- Die Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei ein oder mehrere Antennenelemente der Antenne ein oder mehrere geschlitzte Resonanzantennenelemente aufweisen, und ein leitender Antennenhohlraum mindestens teilweise durch eine Wand an einer Seite eines oder mehrerer Antennenelemente definiert ist, wobei die Apertur in der Hohlraumwand bereitgestellt wird.
- Die Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Leiter entweder durch ein dielektrisches Material oder Luft räumlich getrennt von der Grundplatte angeordnet ist.
- Die Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Kopplungsmittel teilweise oder vollständig so konfiguriert sind, dass sie eine Übertragungsleitung bilden.
- Die Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, wobei die Übertragungsleitung mindestens eine Mikrostreifenleitung, eine Streifenleitung, ein koplanarer Wellenleiter, eine Schlitzleitung, koplanare Streifen, ein Wellenleiter oder ein Koaxialkabel ist.
- Die Vorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Leiter als Bahn im Wesentlichen nur auf einer Seite einer Leiterplatte oder eines ähnlichen Substrats bereitgestellt wird.
- Ein Antennenarray oder eine Basisstation mit einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12.
- Das Antennenarray oder die Basisstation nach Anspruch 13, das oder die weiter Mess- und Kalibriermittel zum Empfangen von Koppelsignalen und zum Messen und Kalibrieren der Amplitude und/oder der Phase von Signalen aufweist, die jeweils von Antennen erhalten und/oder zu den Antennen geleitet werden.
- Das Antennenarray oder die Basisstation nach Anspruch 14, wobei die Kalibriermittel so konfiguriert sind, dass ein oder mehrere Signale geändert werden, die zu den Antennen geleitet werden, um ein erforderliches Strahlprofil im Wesentlichen aufrechtzuerhalten.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18177988.5A EP3582326B1 (de) | 2018-06-15 | 2018-06-15 | Antennenkopplung |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18177988.5A EP3582326B1 (de) | 2018-06-15 | 2018-06-15 | Antennenkopplung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3582326A1 EP3582326A1 (de) | 2019-12-18 |
EP3582326B1 true EP3582326B1 (de) | 2021-10-06 |
Family
ID=62684688
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18177988.5A Active EP3582326B1 (de) | 2018-06-15 | 2018-06-15 | Antennenkopplung |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3582326B1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2680283B1 (fr) * | 1991-08-07 | 1993-10-01 | Alcatel Espace | Antenne radioelectrique elementaire miniaturisee. |
FR2700067B1 (fr) * | 1992-12-29 | 1995-03-17 | France Telecom | Antenne plaquée à double polarisation et dispositif d'émission/réception correspondant. |
US20030227420A1 (en) * | 2002-06-05 | 2003-12-11 | Andrew Corporation | Integrated aperture and calibration feed for adaptive beamforming systems |
DE10244206A1 (de) * | 2002-09-23 | 2004-03-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Übertragen bzw. Abstrahlen hochfrequenter Wellen |
-
2018
- 2018-06-15 EP EP18177988.5A patent/EP3582326B1/de active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3582326A1 (de) | 2019-12-18 |
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