EP3569959A1 - Water heat exchanger - Google Patents
Water heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3569959A1 EP3569959A1 EP18739379.8A EP18739379A EP3569959A1 EP 3569959 A1 EP3569959 A1 EP 3569959A1 EP 18739379 A EP18739379 A EP 18739379A EP 3569959 A1 EP3569959 A1 EP 3569959A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- flow
- flow paths
- layer
- vicinity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 84
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 278
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
- F28D9/0037—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water heat exchanger, and, particularly, to a water heat exchanger including a first layer and a second layer that are stacked upon each other, and exchanging heat between a first fluid and a second fluid.
- the first layer has first flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which water as the first fluid flows.
- the second layer has second flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which a refrigerant as the second fluid flows.
- water heat exchangers that exchange heat between water as the first fluid and a refrigerant (such as a chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant, a natural refrigerant, and brine) as the second fluid have been used in, for example, heat-pump air-conditioning devices and heat-pump hot water supply devices.
- a refrigerant such as a chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant, a natural refrigerant, and brine
- Patent Literature 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-117102
- there exists a type of such water heat exchangers including first layers and second layers that are stacked upon each other. Each first layer has first flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which the first fluid flows.
- Each second layer has second flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which the second fluid flows.
- the above-described water heat exchanger known in the art can realize higher performance and can be made compact as a result of reducing the flow-path cross-sectional area of each first flow path and the flow-path cross-sectional area of each second flow path.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a water heat exchanger that suppresses an increase in pressure loss and clogging of flow paths by appropriately forming the shapes of the flow paths.
- the water heat exchanger includes a first layer and a second layer that are stacked upon each other, and exchanges heat between a first fluid and a second fluid.
- the first layer has first flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which water as the first fluid flows.
- the second layer has second flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which a refrigerant as the second fluid flows.
- a water heat exchanger includes a first layer and a second layer that are stacked upon each other, and exchanges heat between a first fluid and a second fluid, the first layer having first flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which water as the first fluid flows, the second layer having second flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which a refrigerant as the second fluid flows.
- each first flow path extends from one end portion to another end portion of the first layer in a direction crossing a direction of arrangement of the first flow paths.
- each second flow path extends from one end portion to another end portion of the second layer in a direction crossing a direction of arrangement of the second flow paths.
- the first flow paths are formed so that a flow-path cross-sectional area of a first-fluid outlet vicinity positioned in a vicinity of an outlet for the first fluid is larger than a flow-path cross-sectional area of an upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity.
- the flow-path cross-sectional area of the first-fluid outlet vicinity of the first flow paths is larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area of the upstream-side portion, disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity, of the first flow paths, it is possible to make it less likely for scale deposited when the first fluid is heated to clog the first-fluid outlet vicinity, while a reduction in thermal conductivity caused by a reduction in the flow velocity of the first fluid in the first flow paths is limited to only the first-fluid outlet vicinity. In this way, here, clogging of the first flow paths of the water heat exchanger can be suppressed, while a reduction in thermal conductivity is minimized.
- a water heat exchanger is the water heat exchanger according to the first aspect, in which the first flow paths are merged so that the number of flow paths at the first-fluid outlet vicinity is less than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity.
- the flow-path cross-sectional area of the first-fluid outlet vicinity can be made larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area of the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity.
- a water heat exchanger includes a first layer and a second layer that are stacked upon each other, and exchanges heat between a first fluid and a second fluid, the first layer having first flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which water as the first fluid flows, the second layer having second flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which a refrigerant as the second fluid flows.
- each first flow path extends from one end portion to another end portion of the first layer in a direction crossing a direction of arrangement of the first flow paths.
- each second flow path extends from one end portion to another end portion of the second layer in a direction crossing a direction of arrangement of the second flow paths.
- the second flow paths are formed so that a flow-path cross-sectional area of a second-fluid outlet vicinity positioned in a vicinity of an outlet for the second fluid is larger than a flow-path cross-sectional area of an upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
- the second fluid containing a large amount of gas component that increases due to evaporation can smoothly flow in the second-fluid outlet vicinity, while a reduction in thermal conductivity caused by a reduction in the flow velocity of the second fluid in the second flow paths is limited to only the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
- an increase in pressure loss in the second flow paths of the water heat exchanger can be suppressed, while a reduction in thermal conductivity is minimized.
- a water heat exchanger is the water heat exchanger according to the third aspect, in which the second flow paths are merged so that the number of flow paths at the second-fluid outlet vicinity is less than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
- the flow-path cross-sectional area of the second-fluid outlet vicinity can be made larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area of the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
- a water heat exchanger is the water heat exchanger according to the third aspect, in which the second flow paths are branched so that the number of flow paths at the second-fluid outlet vicinity is larger than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
- the flow-path cross-sectional area of the second-fluid outlet vicinity can be made larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area of the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
- this configuration makes the number of flow paths at the vicinity of the inlet for the second fluid smaller, it is possible to properly maintain the distribution performance in the second flow paths for the second fluid.
- a water heat exchanger is the water heat exchanger according to the first aspect or the second aspect, in which when the first fluid is to be cooled by the second fluid, the second flow paths are formed so that a flow-path cross-sectional area of a second-fluid outlet vicinity positioned in a vicinity of an outlet for the second fluid is larger than a flow-path cross-sectional area of an upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
- the second fluid containing a large amount of gas component that increases due to evaporation can smoothly flow in the second-fluid outlet vicinity, while a reduction in thermal conductivity caused by a reduction in the flow velocity of the second fluid in the second flow paths is limited to only the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
- an increase in pressure loss in the second flow paths of the water heat exchanger can be suppressed, while a reduction in thermal conductivity is minimized.
- Figs. 1 to 4 each show a water heat exchanger 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the water heat exchanger 1 is a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between water as a first fluid and a refrigerant as a second fluid in, for example, a heat-pump air-conditioning device and a heat-pump hot water supply device.
- a heat-pump air-conditioning device for example, a heat-pump air-conditioning device and a heat-pump hot water supply device.
- expressions indicating directions, such as “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, and “horizontal” are used. However, these expressions are used for convenience of description, and do not indicate the actual arrangement of the water heat exchanger 1 and structural portions thereof.
- the water heat exchanger 1 primarily includes a casing 2 in which a heat exchanging unit 3 that exchanges heat between the first fluid and the second fluid is provided, a first pipe 4a and a first pipe 4b that are an outlet and an inlet for the first fluid, respectively, and a second pipe 5a and a second pipe 5b that are each an inlet and an outlet for the second fluid.
- the heat exchanging unit 3 includes first layers 10 and second layers 20 that are stacked upon each other.
- Each first layer 10 has first flow paths 11 formed in a plurality of rows and through which the first fluid flows.
- Each second layer 20 has second flow paths 21 formed in a plurality of rows and through which the second fluid flows.
- the direction in which the first layers 10 and the second layers 20 are stacked upon each other (here, a direction from the near side in the sheet plane to a far side in the sheet plane of Figs. 1 to 3 ) is defined as a stacking direction.
- the direction in which the plurality of first flow paths 11 are arranged side by side here, a left-right direction in the sheet plane of Fig.
- each first flow path 11 extends from one end portion of the first layer 10 (an upper end portion of the first layer 10 in Fig. 2 ) to another end portion of the first layer 10 (a lower end portion of the first layer 10 in Fig. 2 ) in a direction crossing the direction of arrangement of the first flow paths 11 (here, the up-down direction or a vertical direction in the sheet plane of Fig.
- each second flow path 21 extends from one end portion of the second layer 20 (a left end portion of the second layer 20 in Fig. 3 ) to another end portion of the second layer 20 (a right end portion of the second layer 20 in Fig. 3 ) in a direction crossing the direction of arrangement of the second flow paths 21 (here, the left-right direction or a horizontal direction in the sheet plane in Fig. 3 ).
- the first flow paths 11 and the second flow paths 20 are arranged so as to allow cross-flows.
- the heat exchanging unit 3 having the first layers 10 and the second layers 20 that are stacked upon each other includes first plates 12 and second plates 22 that are alternately stacked upon each other. Grooves that form the first flow paths 11 are formed in one surface of each first plate 12. Grooves that form the second flow paths 21 are formed in one surface of each second plate 22. Each first plate 12 and each second plate 22 are made of a metallic material. The grooves that form the first flow paths 11 and the grooves that form the second flow paths 21 are formed by, for example, machining or etching the first plates 12 and the second plates 22, respectively.
- the first plates 12 and the second plates 22 are joined to each other by a joining process, such as diffusion joining, to form the heat exchanging unit 3 including the first layers 10 and the second layers 20 that are stacked upon each other.
- a joining process such as diffusion joining
- the grooves that form the flow paths 11 are formed in one surface of each first plate 12 and the grooves that form the flow paths 21 are formed in one surface of each second plate 22, it is not limited thereto.
- Each first plate 12 may have grooves that form the flow paths 11, 21 in both surfaces thereof, and/or each second plate 22 may have grooves that form the flow paths 11, 21 in both surfaces thereof.
- the first pipe 4a is disposed at an upper portion of the casing 2, and the first pipe 4b is disposed at a lower portion of the casing 2.
- the casing 2 includes a first header 6 disposed at the upper portion of the casing 2 and having a space that allows upper end portions of the first flow paths 11 to merge, and a first header 7 disposed at the lower portion of the casing 2 and having a space that allows lower end portions of the first flow paths 11 to merge.
- the first pipe 4a communicates with the upper end portions of the first flow paths 11 via the first header 6, and the first pipe 4b communicates with the lower end portions of the first flow paths 11 via the first header 7.
- the second pipe 5a is disposed on a left portion of the casing 2
- the second pipe 5b is disposed on a right portion of the casing 2.
- the casing 2 includes a second header 8 disposed at the left portion of the casing 2 and having a space that allows left end portions of the second flow paths 21 to merge, and a second header 9 disposed at the right portion of the casing 2 and having a space that allows right end portions of the second flow paths 21 to merge.
- the second pipe 5a communicates with the left end portions of the second flow paths 21 via the second header 8
- the second pipe 5b communicates with the right end portions of the second flow paths 21 via the second header 9.
- the first pipe 4b when the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, the first pipe 4b can be the inlet for the first fluid, the first pipe 4a can be the outlet for the first fluid, the second pipe 5b can be the inlet for the second fluid, and the second pipe 5a can be the outlet for the second fluid.
- the water heat exchanger 1 functions as a heat exchanger in which the first fluid flows through the first flow paths 11 from bottom to top and is heated and in which the second fluid flows through the second flow paths 21 from right to left and is cooled.
- the first pipe 4b when the first fluid is to be cooled by the second fluid, the first pipe 4b can be the inlet for the first fluid, the first pipe 4a can be the outlet for the first fluid, the second pipe 5a can be the inlet for the second fluid, and the second pipe 5b can be the outlet for the second fluid.
- the water heat exchanger 1 functions as a heat exchanger in which the first fluid flows through the first flow paths 11 from the bottom to the top and is cooled and in which the second fluid flows through the second flow paths 21 from the left to the right and is heated.
- each first flow path 11 is formed so that a flow-path cross-sectional area S11a of a first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a positioned in the vicinity of the outlet for the first fluid is larger than a flow-path cross-sectional area S11b of an upstream-side portion 11b disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a.
- each flow-path cross-sectional area S11a is made larger than its corresponding flow-path cross-sectional area S11b.
- the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a refers to a portion that is disposed closer to the outlet and that has a flow-path length which is 20% to 50% of the flow-path length from an inlet side of the first flow path 11 (here, an end portion on a side of the first pipe 4b) to an outlet side of the first flow path 11 (here, an end portion on a side of the first pipe 4a).
- each second flow path 21 is formed so that a flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of a second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a positioned in the vicinity of the outlet for the second fluid is larger than a flow-path cross-sectional area S21b of an upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a.
- each second flow path 21 is formed so that a flow-path width W21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a of each second flow path 21 is larger than a flow-path width W21b of each upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, each flow-path cross-sectional area S21a is made larger than its corresponding flow-path cross-sectional area S21b.
- the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a refers to a portion that is disposed closer to the outlet and that has a flow-path length which is 20% to 50% of the flow-path length from an inlet side of the second flow path 21 (here, an end portion on a side of the second pipe 5a) to an outlet side of the second flow path 21 (here, an end portion on a side of the second pipe 5b).
- the flow-path cross-sectional area S11a of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a of each first flow path 11 is larger than that of each upstream-side portion 11b disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a.
- the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a of each second flow path 21 is larger than that of each upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a.
- the first flow paths 11 or the second flow paths 21 may have a structure in which the flow-path cross-sectional area of each fluid outlet vicinity is larger than that of each upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the fluid outlet vicinity.
- the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a of each second flow path 21 may be made larger than that of the upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, and, as shown in Fig. 5 , the flow-path cross-sectional area (here, the flow-path width) of each first flow path 11 may be the same from the inlet side to the outlet side of each first flow path 11.
- the flow-path cross-sectional area S11a of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a of each first flow path 11 may be made larger than that of the upstream-side portion 11b disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, and, as shown in Fig. 6 , the flow-path cross-sectional area (here, the flow-path width) of each second flow path 21 may be the same from the inlet side to the outlet side of each second flow path 21.
- This structure of the present modification can also provide operational effects similar to those of the above-described embodiment.
- the first flow paths 11 and the second flow paths 21 are arranged so as to allow cross-flows, it is not limited thereto.
- each second flow path 21 extending from the one end portion of the second layer 20 (the left end portion of the second layer 20 in Fig. 3 ) to the other end portion of the second layer 20 (the right end portion of the second layer 20 in Fig. 3 ) in the horizontal direction may be caused to extend from one end portion of the second layer 20 (a lower end portion of the second layer 20 in Fig. 8 ) to another end portion of the second layer 20 (an upper end portion of the second layer 20 in Fig. 8 ) in the vertical direction as shown in Figs. 7 and 8 , to arrange the first flow paths 11 and the second flow paths 21 so as to allow counter-flows (or parallel flows).
- the second pipe 5a and the second header 8 are disposed at the lower portion of the casing 2, and the second pipe 5b and the second header 9 are disposed at the upper portion of the casing 2.
- This structure functions as a heat exchanger in which, when the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, the first fluid flows through the first flow paths 11 from the bottom to the top and is heated, and the second fluid flows through the second flow paths 21 from the top to the bottom and is cooled.
- This structure also functions as a heat exchanger in which, when the first fluid is to be cooled by the second fluid, the first fluid flows through the first flow paths 11 from the bottom to the top and is cooled, and the second fluid flows through the second flow paths 21 from the bottom to the top and is heated.
- This structure of the present modification can also provide operational effects similar to those of the above-described embodiment and Modification 1.
- the first flow paths 11 and the second flow paths 21 are arranged so as to allow cross-flows, it is not limited thereto.
- the second flow paths 21 may be divided into a plurality of flow path groups and these flow path groups may be connected in series, to arrange the first flow paths 11 and the second flow paths 21 so as to allow orthogonal counter-flows (or orthogonal parallel flows).
- the second flow paths 21 are divided into three flow path groups 21A, 21B, and 21C in the direction of arrangement of the second flow paths 21 (here, in the up-down direction in the sheet plane in Fig. 9 ).
- the space in the second header 9 is divided into a space 9a that communicates with the second pipe 5b and the right end portions of the second flow paths 21 of the flow path group 21A and a space 9b that communicates with the right end portions of the second flow paths 21 of the flow path groups 21B and 21C.
- the space in the second header 8 is divided into a space 8a that communicates with the second pipe 5a and the left end portions of the second flow paths 21 of the flow path group 21C and a space 8b that communicates with the left end portions of the second flow paths 21 of the flow path groups 21A and 21B.
- the flow path groups 21A, 21B, and 21C of the second flow paths 21 are connected in series via the second headers 8 and 9 and are arranged so that the first flow paths 11 and the second flow paths 21 allow orthogonal counter-flows (or orthogonal parallel flows).
- This structure functions as a heat exchanger in which, when the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, the first fluid flows through the first flow paths 11 from the bottom to the top and is heated, and the second fluid flows through the second flow paths 21 from the top to the bottom in the order of the flow path group 21A, the flow path group 21B and the flow path group 21C while the second fluid makes turns leftwards and rightwards, and is cooled.
- This structure functions as a heat exchanger in which, when the first fluid is to be cooled by the second fluid, the first fluid flows through the first flow paths 11 from the bottom to the top and is cooled, and the second fluid flows through the second flow paths 21 from the bottom to the top in the order of the flow path group 21C, the flow path group 21B and the flow path group 21A while the second fluid makes turns leftwards and rightwards, and is heated.
- the flow path group 21A positioned in the vicinity of the outlet for the second fluid is defined as second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a and the flow path groups 21B and 21C are defined as upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a.
- the flow-path width W21a of each second flow path 21 of the flow path group 21A is made larger than the flow-path width W21b of each second flow path 21 of the flow path groups 21B and 21C. Therefore, when the first fluid is to be cooled by a refrigerant as the second fluid, the second flow paths 21 can be formed so that the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a is larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area S21b of the upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a.
- a connecting flow path 29a having the same function as the space 8b may be disposed on the left end portions of the second flow paths 21, and a connecting flow path 29b having the same function as the space 9b may be disposed on the right end portions of the second flow paths 21.
- the connecting flow path 29a that makes the left end portions of the second flow paths 21 of the flow path group 21A and the left end portions of the second flow paths 21 of the flow path groups 21B communicate with each other and the connecting flow path 29b that makes the right end portions of the second flow paths 21 of the flow path group 21B and the right end portions of the second flow paths 21 of the flow path group 21C communicate with each other are formed in the second layer 20.
- grooves that form the connecting flow paths 29a and 29b can be formed in the second plate 22.
- the second header 8 can have a space only corresponding to the space 8a as shown in Fig. 9
- the second header 9 can have a space only corresponding to the space 9a as shown in Fig. 9 .
- This structure of the present modification can also provide operational effects similar to those of the above-described embodiment and Modification 1.
- each first flow path 11 when water as the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, each first flow path 11 is formed so that the flow-path width W11a of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, positioned in the vicinity of the outlet for the first fluid, of each first flow path 11 is larger than the flow-path width W11b of the upstream-side portion 11b, disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, of each first flow path 11.
- the flow-path cross-sectional area S11a of each first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a is larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area S11b of each upstream-side portion 11b disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, to suppress clogging of outlet vicinity portions of the first flow paths 11 caused by deposition of scale.
- the structure for forming the first flow paths 11 so that, when water as the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, the flow-path cross-sectional area S11a of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a is larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area S11b of the upstream-side portion 11b disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a is not limited thereto.
- the first flow paths 11 may be merged so that the number of flow paths at the first-fluid outlet vicinities 11a of the first flow paths 11 is less than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portions, disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinities 11a, of the first flow paths 11. For example, as shown in Fig.
- the flow-path width W11a of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a after the first flow paths 11 have been merged may be made larger than the total of the flow-path widths W11b of the upstream-side portions 11b, disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, before the first flow paths 11 have been merged.
- the flow-path cross-sectional area S11a of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a after the first flow paths 11 have been merged can be made larger than the total of the flow-path cross-sectional areas S11b of the upstream-side portions 11b, disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, before the first flow paths 11 have been merged.
- each second flow path 21 is formed so that the flow-path width W21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, positioned in the vicinity of the outlet for the second fluid, of the second flow path 21 is larger than the flow-path width W21b of the upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a.
- the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of each second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a is larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area S21b of each upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, to suppress an increase in pressure loss in the second flow paths 21 caused by an increase in the amount of gas component flowing in the second flow paths 21 due to evaporation of the second fluid.
- the structure for forming the second flow paths 21 so that, when the first fluid is to be cooled by a refrigerant as the second fluid, the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a is larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area S21b of the upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a is not limited thereto.
- the second flow paths 21 may be merged so that the number of flow paths at the second-fluid outlet vicinities 21a is less than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portions disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinities 21a. For example, as shown in Fig.
- the flow-path width W21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a after the second flow paths 21 have been merged may be made larger than the total of the flow-path widths W21b of the upstream-side portions 21b, disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, before the second flow paths 21 have been merged.
- the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a after the second flow paths 21 have been merged can be made larger than the total of the flow-path cross-sectional areas S21b of the upstream-side portions 21b, disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, before the second flow paths 21 have been merged.
- the total of the flow-path cross-sectional areas S21a may be made larger than the total of the flow-path cross-sectional areas S21b by branching the second flow paths 21 so that the number of flow paths at the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a is larger than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a.
- the flow path group 21A positioned in the vicinity of the outlet for the second fluid may be defined as a second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a
- the flow path groups 21B and 21C may be defined as an upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a
- the number N21a of the second flow paths 21 of the flow path group 21A may be larger than the number N21b of the flow paths of the flow path groups 21B and 21C.
- the flow-path widths W21a and W21b (the flow-path cross-sectional areas S21a and S21b) of the second flow paths 21 are equal to each other, and the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of the flow path group 21Aand the total of the flow-path cross-sectional areas S21b of the flow path groups 21B and 21C are changed by changing the number of flow paths.
- the structure in which the number N21a of flow paths at the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a is larger than the number N21a of flow paths at the upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a not only suppresses an increase in pressure loss in the second flow paths 21 of the water heat exchanger 1, but also can properly maintain the distribution performance in the second flow paths 21 for the second fluid by reducing the number of flow paths near the inlet for the second fluid.
- the present invention can be widely applied to a water heat exchanger that includes a first layer and a second layer that are stacked upon each other, with the first layer having first flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which water as a first fluid flows and the second layer having second flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which a refrigerant as a second fluid flows and that exchanges heat between the first fluid and the second fluid.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a water heat exchanger, and, particularly, to a water heat exchanger including a first layer and a second layer that are stacked upon each other, and exchanging heat between a first fluid and a second fluid. The first layer has first flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which water as the first fluid flows. The second layer has second flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which a refrigerant as the second fluid flows.
- Hitherto, water heat exchangers that exchange heat between water as the first fluid and a refrigerant (such as a chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant, a natural refrigerant, and brine) as the second fluid have been used in, for example, heat-pump air-conditioning devices and heat-pump hot water supply devices. As described in Patent Literature 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
2010-117102 - The above-described water heat exchanger known in the art can realize higher performance and can be made compact as a result of reducing the flow-path cross-sectional area of each first flow path and the flow-path cross-sectional area of each second flow path.
- However, when the flow-path cross-sectional area of each first flow path and the flow-path cross-sectional area of each second flow path are made too small, for example, an increase in pressure loss and clogging of the flow paths are concerns. Therefore, it is becoming necessary to, for example, appropriately form the shapes of the flow paths that can, for example, suppress an increase in pressure loss and clogging of the flow paths.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a water heat exchanger that suppresses an increase in pressure loss and clogging of flow paths by appropriately forming the shapes of the flow paths. The water heat exchanger includes a first layer and a second layer that are stacked upon each other, and exchanges heat between a first fluid and a second fluid. The first layer has first flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which water as the first fluid flows. The second layer has second flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which a refrigerant as the second fluid flows.
- A water heat exchanger according to a first aspect includes a first layer and a second layer that are stacked upon each other, and exchanges heat between a first fluid and a second fluid, the first layer having first flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which water as the first fluid flows, the second layer having second flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which a refrigerant as the second fluid flows. When the first layer is viewed in a stacking direction of the first layer and the second layer, each first flow path extends from one end portion to another end portion of the first layer in a direction crossing a direction of arrangement of the first flow paths. When the second layer is viewed in the stacking direction, each second flow path extends from one end portion to another end portion of the second layer in a direction crossing a direction of arrangement of the second flow paths. Here, when the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, the first flow paths are formed so that a flow-path cross-sectional area of a first-fluid outlet vicinity positioned in a vicinity of an outlet for the first fluid is larger than a flow-path cross-sectional area of an upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity.
- Here, as described above, since the flow-path cross-sectional area of the first-fluid outlet vicinity of the first flow paths is larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area of the upstream-side portion, disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity, of the first flow paths, it is possible to make it less likely for scale deposited when the first fluid is heated to clog the first-fluid outlet vicinity, while a reduction in thermal conductivity caused by a reduction in the flow velocity of the first fluid in the first flow paths is limited to only the first-fluid outlet vicinity. In this way, here, clogging of the first flow paths of the water heat exchanger can be suppressed, while a reduction in thermal conductivity is minimized.
- A water heat exchanger according to a second aspect is the water heat exchanger according to the first aspect, in which the first flow paths are merged so that the number of flow paths at the first-fluid outlet vicinity is less than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity.
- Here, as described above, by merging the first flow paths so that the number of flow paths at the first-fluid outlet vicinity is less than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity, the flow-path cross-sectional area of the first-fluid outlet vicinity can be made larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area of the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity.
- A water heat exchanger according to a third aspect includes a first layer and a second layer that are stacked upon each other, and exchanges heat between a first fluid and a second fluid, the first layer having first flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which water as the first fluid flows, the second layer having second flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which a refrigerant as the second fluid flows. When the first layer is viewed in a stacking direction of the first layer and the second layer, each first flow path extends from one end portion to another end portion of the first layer in a direction crossing a direction of arrangement of the first flow paths. When the second layer is viewed in the stacking direction, each second flow path extends from one end portion to another end portion of the second layer in a direction crossing a direction of arrangement of the second flow paths. Here, when the first fluid is to be cooled by the second fluid, the second flow paths are formed so that a flow-path cross-sectional area of a second-fluid outlet vicinity positioned in a vicinity of an outlet for the second fluid is larger than a flow-path cross-sectional area of an upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
- Here, as described above, since the flow-path cross-sectional area of the second-fluid outlet vicinity of the second flow paths is larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area of the upstream-side portion, disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity, of the second flow paths, the second fluid containing a large amount of gas component that increases due to evaporation can smoothly flow in the second-fluid outlet vicinity, while a reduction in thermal conductivity caused by a reduction in the flow velocity of the second fluid in the second flow paths is limited to only the second-fluid outlet vicinity. In this way, here, an increase in pressure loss in the second flow paths of the water heat exchanger can be suppressed, while a reduction in thermal conductivity is minimized.
- A water heat exchanger according to a fourth aspect is the water heat exchanger according to the third aspect, in which the second flow paths are merged so that the number of flow paths at the second-fluid outlet vicinity is less than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
- Here, as described above, by merging the second flow paths so that the number of flow paths at the second-fluid outlet vicinity is less than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity, the flow-path cross-sectional area of the second-fluid outlet vicinity can be made larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area of the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
- A water heat exchanger according to a fifth aspect is the water heat exchanger according to the third aspect, in which the second flow paths are branched so that the number of flow paths at the second-fluid outlet vicinity is larger than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
- Here, as described above, by branching the second flow paths so that the number of flow paths at the second-fluid outlet vicinity is larger than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity, the flow-path cross-sectional area of the second-fluid outlet vicinity can be made larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area of the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity. Moreover, here, since this configuration makes the number of flow paths at the vicinity of the inlet for the second fluid smaller, it is possible to properly maintain the distribution performance in the second flow paths for the second fluid.
- A water heat exchanger according to a sixth aspect is the water heat exchanger according to the first aspect or the second aspect, in which when the first fluid is to be cooled by the second fluid, the second flow paths are formed so that a flow-path cross-sectional area of a second-fluid outlet vicinity positioned in a vicinity of an outlet for the second fluid is larger than a flow-path cross-sectional area of an upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
- Here, as described above, since the flow-path cross-sectional area of the second-fluid outlet vicinity of the second flow paths is larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area of the upstream-side portion, disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity, of the second flow paths, the second fluid containing a large amount of gas component that increases due to evaporation can smoothly flow in the second-fluid outlet vicinity, while a reduction in thermal conductivity caused by a reduction in the flow velocity of the second fluid in the second flow paths is limited to only the second-fluid outlet vicinity. In this way, here, an increase in pressure loss in the second flow paths of the water heat exchanger can be suppressed, while a reduction in thermal conductivity is minimized.
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Fig. 1 is an external view of a water heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
Fig. 2 shows first flow paths of the water heat exchanger according to the embodiment of the present invention. -
Fig. 3 shows second flow paths of the water heat exchanger according to the embodiment of the present invention. -
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a state in which the first flow paths and the second flow paths of the water heat exchanger according to the embodiment of the present invention are stacked upon each other. -
Fig. 5 shows first flow paths of a water heat exchanger according toModification 1 of the present invention (and corresponds toFig. 2 ). -
Fig. 6 shows second flow paths of the water heat exchanger according toModification 1 of the present invention (and corresponds toFig. 3 ). -
Fig. 7 is an external view of a water heat exchanger according toModification 2 of the present invention. -
Fig. 8 shows second flow paths of the water heat exchanger according toModification 2 of the present invention (and corresponds toFig. 3 ). -
Fig. 9 shows second flow paths of a water heat exchanger according toModification 3 of the present invention (and corresponds toFig. 3 ). -
Fig. 10 shows the second flow paths of the water heat exchanger according toModification 3 of the present invention (and corresponds toFig. 3 ). -
Fig. 11 shows first flow paths of a water heat exchanger according to Modification 4 of the present invention (and corresponds toFig. 2 ). -
Fig. 12 shows second flow paths of a water heat exchanger according to Modification 5 of the present invention (and corresponds toFig. 3 ). -
Fig. 13 shows second flow paths of the water heat exchanger according to Modification 5 of the present invention (and corresponds toFig. 3 ). - An embodiment and modifications thereof of a water heat exchanger according to the present invention are described below on the basis of the drawings. Specific structures of the water heat exchanger according to the present invention are not limited to those of the embodiment and the modifications thereof below and are changeable within a scope that does not depart from the spirit of the invention.
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Figs. 1 to 4 each show awater heat exchanger 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. - The
water heat exchanger 1 is a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between water as a first fluid and a refrigerant as a second fluid in, for example, a heat-pump air-conditioning device and a heat-pump hot water supply device. In the description below, with reference to a near-side surface in a sheet plane of thewater heat exchanger 1 shown inFigs. 1 to 3 , expressions indicating directions, such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", and "horizontal" are used. However, these expressions are used for convenience of description, and do not indicate the actual arrangement of thewater heat exchanger 1 and structural portions thereof. - The
water heat exchanger 1 primarily includes acasing 2 in which aheat exchanging unit 3 that exchanges heat between the first fluid and the second fluid is provided, afirst pipe 4a and afirst pipe 4b that are an outlet and an inlet for the first fluid, respectively, and asecond pipe 5a and asecond pipe 5b that are each an inlet and an outlet for the second fluid. - The
heat exchanging unit 3 includesfirst layers 10 andsecond layers 20 that are stacked upon each other. Eachfirst layer 10 hasfirst flow paths 11 formed in a plurality of rows and through which the first fluid flows. Eachsecond layer 20 hassecond flow paths 21 formed in a plurality of rows and through which the second fluid flows. Here, the direction in which thefirst layers 10 and thesecond layers 20 are stacked upon each other (here, a direction from the near side in the sheet plane to a far side in the sheet plane ofFigs. 1 to 3 ) is defined as a stacking direction. The direction in which the plurality offirst flow paths 11 are arranged side by side (here, a left-right direction in the sheet plane ofFig. 2 ) is defined as a direction of arrangement of thefirst flow paths 11, and the direction in which the plurality ofsecond flow paths 21 are arranged side by side (here, an up-down direction in the sheet plane ofFig. 3 ) is defined as a direction of arrangement of thesecond flow paths 21. When thefirst layers 10 are viewed in the stacking direction of thefirst layers 10 and thesecond layers 20, eachfirst flow path 11 extends from one end portion of the first layer 10 (an upper end portion of thefirst layer 10 inFig. 2 ) to another end portion of the first layer 10 (a lower end portion of thefirst layer 10 inFig. 2 ) in a direction crossing the direction of arrangement of the first flow paths 11 (here, the up-down direction or a vertical direction in the sheet plane ofFig. 2 ). When thesecond layers 20 are viewed in the stacking direction of thefirst layers 10 and thesecond layers 20, eachsecond flow path 21 extends from one end portion of the second layer 20 (a left end portion of thesecond layer 20 inFig. 3 ) to another end portion of the second layer 20 (a right end portion of thesecond layer 20 inFig. 3 ) in a direction crossing the direction of arrangement of the second flow paths 21 (here, the left-right direction or a horizontal direction in the sheet plane inFig. 3 ). In this way, here, thefirst flow paths 11 and thesecond flow paths 20 are arranged so as to allow cross-flows. - Here, the
heat exchanging unit 3 having thefirst layers 10 and thesecond layers 20 that are stacked upon each other includesfirst plates 12 andsecond plates 22 that are alternately stacked upon each other. Grooves that form thefirst flow paths 11 are formed in one surface of eachfirst plate 12. Grooves that form thesecond flow paths 21 are formed in one surface of eachsecond plate 22. Eachfirst plate 12 and eachsecond plate 22 are made of a metallic material. The grooves that form thefirst flow paths 11 and the grooves that form thesecond flow paths 21 are formed by, for example, machining or etching thefirst plates 12 and thesecond plates 22, respectively. After stacking predetermined numbers of thefirst plates 12 and thesecond plates 22, each being grooved thus, thefirst plates 12 and thesecond plates 22 are joined to each other by a joining process, such as diffusion joining, to form theheat exchanging unit 3 including thefirst layers 10 and thesecond layers 20 that are stacked upon each other. Here, although the grooves that form theflow paths 11 are formed in one surface of eachfirst plate 12 and the grooves that form theflow paths 21 are formed in one surface of eachsecond plate 22, it is not limited thereto. Eachfirst plate 12 may have grooves that form theflow paths second plate 22 may have grooves that form theflow paths - Here, the
first pipe 4a is disposed at an upper portion of thecasing 2, and thefirst pipe 4b is disposed at a lower portion of thecasing 2. Thecasing 2 includes afirst header 6 disposed at the upper portion of thecasing 2 and having a space that allows upper end portions of thefirst flow paths 11 to merge, and afirst header 7 disposed at the lower portion of thecasing 2 and having a space that allows lower end portions of thefirst flow paths 11 to merge. Thefirst pipe 4a communicates with the upper end portions of thefirst flow paths 11 via thefirst header 6, and thefirst pipe 4b communicates with the lower end portions of thefirst flow paths 11 via thefirst header 7. Here, thesecond pipe 5a is disposed on a left portion of thecasing 2, and thesecond pipe 5b is disposed on a right portion of thecasing 2. Thecasing 2 includes asecond header 8 disposed at the left portion of thecasing 2 and having a space that allows left end portions of thesecond flow paths 21 to merge, and asecond header 9 disposed at the right portion of thecasing 2 and having a space that allows right end portions of thesecond flow paths 21 to merge. Thesecond pipe 5a communicates with the left end portions of thesecond flow paths 21 via thesecond header 8, and thesecond pipe 5b communicates with the right end portions of thesecond flow paths 21 via thesecond header 9. - In the
water heat exchanger 1 having such a structure, for example, when the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, thefirst pipe 4b can be the inlet for the first fluid, thefirst pipe 4a can be the outlet for the first fluid, thesecond pipe 5b can be the inlet for the second fluid, and thesecond pipe 5a can be the outlet for the second fluid. In this case, thewater heat exchanger 1 functions as a heat exchanger in which the first fluid flows through thefirst flow paths 11 from bottom to top and is heated and in which the second fluid flows through thesecond flow paths 21 from right to left and is cooled. In thewater heat exchanger 1, for example, when the first fluid is to be cooled by the second fluid, thefirst pipe 4b can be the inlet for the first fluid, thefirst pipe 4a can be the outlet for the first fluid, thesecond pipe 5a can be the inlet for the second fluid, and thesecond pipe 5b can be the outlet for the second fluid. In this case, thewater heat exchanger 1 functions as a heat exchanger in which the first fluid flows through thefirst flow paths 11 from the bottom to the top and is cooled and in which the second fluid flows through thesecond flow paths 21 from the left to the right and is heated. - Here, when water as the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, each
first flow path 11 is formed so that a flow-path cross-sectional area S11a of a first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a positioned in the vicinity of the outlet for the first fluid is larger than a flow-path cross-sectional area S11b of an upstream-side portion 11b disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a. Specifically, by forming eachfirst flow path 11 so that a flow-path width W11a of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a of eachfirst flow path 11 is larger than a flow-path width W11b of each upstream-side portion 11b disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, each flow-path cross-sectional area S11a is made larger than its corresponding flow-path cross-sectional area S11b. The first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a refers to a portion that is disposed closer to the outlet and that has a flow-path length which is 20% to 50% of the flow-path length from an inlet side of the first flow path 11 (here, an end portion on a side of thefirst pipe 4b) to an outlet side of the first flow path 11 (here, an end portion on a side of thefirst pipe 4a). - Here, when the first fluid is to be cooled by a refrigerant as the second fluid, each
second flow path 21 is formed so that a flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of a second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a positioned in the vicinity of the outlet for the second fluid is larger than a flow-path cross-sectional area S21b of an upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a. Specifically, by forming eachsecond flow path 21 so that a flow-path width W21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a of eachsecond flow path 21 is larger than a flow-path width W21b of each upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, each flow-path cross-sectional area S21a is made larger than its corresponding flow-path cross-sectional area S21b. The second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a refers to a portion that is disposed closer to the outlet and that has a flow-path length which is 20% to 50% of the flow-path length from an inlet side of the second flow path 21 (here, an end portion on a side of thesecond pipe 5a) to an outlet side of the second flow path 21 (here, an end portion on a side of thesecond pipe 5b). - In such a
water heat exchanger 1, as described above, when water as the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, since the flow-path cross-sectional area S11a of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a of eachfirst flow path 11 is larger than that of the upstream-side portion 11b, disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, of eachfirst flow path 11, it is possible to make it less likely for scale deposited when the first fluid is heated to clog the first-fluid outlet vicinities 11a, while a reduction in thermal conductivity caused by a reduction in the flow velocity of the first fluid in thefirst flow paths 11 is limited to only the first-fluid outlet vicinities 11a. In this way, here, clogging of thefirst flow paths 11 of thewater heat exchanger 1 can be suppressed, while a reduction in thermal conductivity is minimized. - In such a
water heat exchanger 1, as described above, when the first fluid is to be cooled by a refrigerant as the second fluid, since the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a of eachsecond flow path 21 is larger than that of the upstream-side portion 21b, disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, of eachsecond flow path 21, the second fluid containing a large amount of gas component that increases due to evaporation can smoothly flow in each second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, while a reduction in thermal conductivity caused by a reduction in the flow velocity of the second fluid in thesecond flow paths 21 is limited to only the second-fluid outlet vicinities 21a. In this way, here, an increase in pressure loss in thesecond flow paths 21 of thewater heat exchanger 1 can be suppressed, while a reduction in thermal conductivity is minimized. - In the
water heat exchanger 1 of the above-described embodiment, when water as the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, the flow-path cross-sectional area S11a of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a of eachfirst flow path 11 is larger than that of each upstream-side portion 11b disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a. Moreover, in thewater heat exchanger 1 of the above-described embodiment, when the first fluid is to be cooled by a refrigerant as the second fluid, the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a of eachsecond flow path 21 is larger than that of each upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a. However, it is not limited thereto. Only thefirst flow paths 11 or thesecond flow paths 21 may have a structure in which the flow-path cross-sectional area of each fluid outlet vicinity is larger than that of each upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the fluid outlet vicinity. - For example, when the first fluid is to be cooled by a refrigerant as the second fluid, as shown in
Fig. 3 , the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a of eachsecond flow path 21 may be made larger than that of the upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, and, as shown inFig. 5 , the flow-path cross-sectional area (here, the flow-path width) of eachfirst flow path 11 may be the same from the inlet side to the outlet side of eachfirst flow path 11. - For example, when water as the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, as shown in
Fig. 2 , the flow-path cross-sectional area S11a of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a of eachfirst flow path 11 may be made larger than that of the upstream-side portion 11b disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, and, as shown inFig. 6 , the flow-path cross-sectional area (here, the flow-path width) of eachsecond flow path 21 may be the same from the inlet side to the outlet side of eachsecond flow path 21. - This structure of the present modification can also provide operational effects similar to those of the above-described embodiment.
- Although, in the
water heat exchangers 1 of the above-described embodiment andModification 1, thefirst flow paths 11 and thesecond flow paths 21 are arranged so as to allow cross-flows, it is not limited thereto. - For example, each
second flow path 21 extending from the one end portion of the second layer 20 (the left end portion of thesecond layer 20 inFig. 3 ) to the other end portion of the second layer 20 (the right end portion of thesecond layer 20 inFig. 3 ) in the horizontal direction may be caused to extend from one end portion of the second layer 20 (a lower end portion of thesecond layer 20 inFig. 8 ) to another end portion of the second layer 20 (an upper end portion of thesecond layer 20 inFig. 8 ) in the vertical direction as shown inFigs. 7 and8 , to arrange thefirst flow paths 11 and thesecond flow paths 21 so as to allow counter-flows (or parallel flows). In this case, thesecond pipe 5a and thesecond header 8 are disposed at the lower portion of thecasing 2, and thesecond pipe 5b and thesecond header 9 are disposed at the upper portion of thecasing 2. This structure functions as a heat exchanger in which, when the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, the first fluid flows through thefirst flow paths 11 from the bottom to the top and is heated, and the second fluid flows through thesecond flow paths 21 from the top to the bottom and is cooled. This structure also functions as a heat exchanger in which, when the first fluid is to be cooled by the second fluid, the first fluid flows through thefirst flow paths 11 from the bottom to the top and is cooled, and the second fluid flows through thesecond flow paths 21 from the bottom to the top and is heated. - This structure of the present modification can also provide operational effects similar to those of the above-described embodiment and
Modification 1. - Although, in the
water heat exchangers 1 of the above-described embodiment andModification 1, thefirst flow paths 11 and thesecond flow paths 21 are arranged so as to allow cross-flows, it is not limited thereto. - For example, the
second flow paths 21 may be divided into a plurality of flow path groups and these flow path groups may be connected in series, to arrange thefirst flow paths 11 and thesecond flow paths 21 so as to allow orthogonal counter-flows (or orthogonal parallel flows). Specifically, in the structure shown inFig. 9 , thesecond flow paths 21 are divided into threeflow path groups Fig. 9 ). For example, by arranging a partitioning member in thesecond header 9, the space in thesecond header 9 is divided into aspace 9a that communicates with thesecond pipe 5b and the right end portions of thesecond flow paths 21 of theflow path group 21A and aspace 9b that communicates with the right end portions of thesecond flow paths 21 of theflow path groups second header 8, the space in thesecond header 8 is divided into aspace 8a that communicates with thesecond pipe 5a and the left end portions of thesecond flow paths 21 of theflow path group 21C and aspace 8b that communicates with the left end portions of thesecond flow paths 21 of theflow path groups flow path groups second flow paths 21 are connected in series via thesecond headers first flow paths 11 and thesecond flow paths 21 allow orthogonal counter-flows (or orthogonal parallel flows). This structure functions as a heat exchanger in which, when the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, the first fluid flows through thefirst flow paths 11 from the bottom to the top and is heated, and the second fluid flows through thesecond flow paths 21 from the top to the bottom in the order of theflow path group 21A, theflow path group 21B and theflow path group 21C while the second fluid makes turns leftwards and rightwards, and is cooled. This structure functions as a heat exchanger in which, when the first fluid is to be cooled by the second fluid, the first fluid flows through thefirst flow paths 11 from the bottom to the top and is cooled, and the second fluid flows through thesecond flow paths 21 from the bottom to the top in the order of theflow path group 21C, theflow path group 21B and theflow path group 21A while the second fluid makes turns leftwards and rightwards, and is heated. In this case, theflow path group 21A positioned in the vicinity of the outlet for the second fluid is defined as second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a and theflow path groups side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a. The flow-path width W21a of eachsecond flow path 21 of theflow path group 21A is made larger than the flow-path width W21b of eachsecond flow path 21 of theflow path groups second flow paths 21 can be formed so that the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a is larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area S21b of the upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a. - Although, in the structure shown in
Fig. 9 , the space in thesecond header 8 is partitioned into thespaces second header 9 is partitioned into thespaces flow path groups Fig. 10 , a connectingflow path 29a having the same function as thespace 8b may be disposed on the left end portions of thesecond flow paths 21, and a connectingflow path 29b having the same function as thespace 9b may be disposed on the right end portions of thesecond flow paths 21. That is, the connectingflow path 29a that makes the left end portions of thesecond flow paths 21 of theflow path group 21A and the left end portions of thesecond flow paths 21 of theflow path groups 21B communicate with each other and the connectingflow path 29b that makes the right end portions of thesecond flow paths 21 of theflow path group 21B and the right end portions of thesecond flow paths 21 of theflow path group 21C communicate with each other are formed in thesecond layer 20. Here, grooves that form the connectingflow paths second plate 22. In this case, thesecond header 8 can have a space only corresponding to thespace 8a as shown inFig. 9 , and thesecond header 9 can have a space only corresponding to thespace 9a as shown inFig. 9 . - This structure of the present modification can also provide operational effects similar to those of the above-described embodiment and
Modification 1. - In the
water heat exchangers 1 of the above-described embodiment andModifications 1 to 3, when water as the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, eachfirst flow path 11 is formed so that the flow-path width W11a of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, positioned in the vicinity of the outlet for the first fluid, of eachfirst flow path 11 is larger than the flow-path width W11b of the upstream-side portion 11b, disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, of eachfirst flow path 11. Therefore, when water as the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, the flow-path cross-sectional area S11a of each first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a is larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area S11b of each upstream-side portion 11b disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, to suppress clogging of outlet vicinity portions of thefirst flow paths 11 caused by deposition of scale. - However, the structure for forming the
first flow paths 11 so that, when water as the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, the flow-path cross-sectional area S11a of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a is larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area S11b of the upstream-side portion 11b disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a is not limited thereto. - Specifically, when water as the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, the
first flow paths 11 may be merged so that the number of flow paths at the first-fluid outlet vicinities 11a of thefirst flow paths 11 is less than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portions, disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinities 11a, of thefirst flow paths 11. For example, as shown inFig. 11 , by merging twofirst flow paths 11 adjacent to each other in the direction of arrangement of thefirst flow paths 11 into onefirst flow path 11 at the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, the flow-path width W11a of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a after thefirst flow paths 11 have been merged may be made larger than the total of the flow-path widths W11b of the upstream-side portions 11b, disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, before thefirst flow paths 11 have been merged. Therefore, when water as the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, the flow-path cross-sectional area S11a of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a after thefirst flow paths 11 have been merged can be made larger than the total of the flow-path cross-sectional areas S11b of the upstream-side portions 11b, disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity 11a, before thefirst flow paths 11 have been merged. - In the
water heat exchangers 1 of the above-described embodiment andModifications 1 to 4, when the first fluid is to be cooled by a refrigerant as the second fluid, eachsecond flow path 21 is formed so that the flow-path width W21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, positioned in the vicinity of the outlet for the second fluid, of thesecond flow path 21 is larger than the flow-path width W21b of the upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a. Therefore, when the first fluid is to be cooled by a refrigerant as the second fluid, the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of each second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a is larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area S21b of each upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, to suppress an increase in pressure loss in thesecond flow paths 21 caused by an increase in the amount of gas component flowing in thesecond flow paths 21 due to evaporation of the second fluid. - However, the structure for forming the
second flow paths 21 so that, when the first fluid is to be cooled by a refrigerant as the second fluid, the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a is larger than the flow-path cross-sectional area S21b of the upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a is not limited thereto. - Specifically, when the first fluid is to be cooled by a refrigerant as the second fluid, the
second flow paths 21 may be merged so that the number of flow paths at the second-fluid outlet vicinities 21a is less than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portions disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinities 21a. For example, as shown inFig. 12 , by merging twosecond flow paths 21 adjacent to each other in the direction of arrangement of thesecond flow paths 21 into onesecond flow path 21 at the second-fluid outlet vicinities 21a, the flow-path width W21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a after thesecond flow paths 21 have been merged may be made larger than the total of the flow-path widths W21b of the upstream-side portions 21b, disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, before thesecond flow paths 21 have been merged. Therefore, the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a after thesecond flow paths 21 have been merged can be made larger than the total of the flow-path cross-sectional areas S21b of the upstream-side portions 21b, disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, before thesecond flow paths 21 have been merged. - In contrast to the structure shown in
Fig. 12 in which the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a is made larger than the total of the flow-path cross-sectional areas S21b by merging thesecond flow paths 21 at the second-fluid outlet vicinities 21a, the total of the flow-path cross-sectional areas S21a may be made larger than the total of the flow-path cross-sectional areas S21b by branching thesecond flow paths 21 so that the number of flow paths at the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a is larger than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a. For example, in the structure, such as that ofModification 3 above, in which thesecond flow paths 21 are divided into the plurality offlow path groups flow path groups Fig. 13 , theflow path group 21A positioned in the vicinity of the outlet for the second fluid may be defined as a second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, theflow path groups side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a, and the number N21a of thesecond flow paths 21 of theflow path group 21A may be larger than the number N21b of the flow paths of theflow path groups second flow paths 21 are equal to each other, and the flow-path cross-sectional area S21a of the flow path group 21Aand the total of the flow-path cross-sectional areas S21b of theflow path groups fluid outlet vicinity 21a is larger than the number N21a of flow paths at the upstream-side portion 21b disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity 21a not only suppresses an increase in pressure loss in thesecond flow paths 21 of thewater heat exchanger 1, but also can properly maintain the distribution performance in thesecond flow paths 21 for the second fluid by reducing the number of flow paths near the inlet for the second fluid. In particular, when, not only the number N21a of flow paths of theflow path group 21A is made larger than the number N21b of flow paths of theflow path groups flow path group 21A, but also the number of flow paths of each flow path group is decreased in the order of theflow path group 21A, theflow path group 21B, and theflow path group 21C, that is, the number of flow paths are decreased as a distance from the inlet for the second fluid decreases, the distribution performance of thesecond flow paths 21 for the second fluid is effectively improved. - The present invention can be widely applied to a water heat exchanger that includes a first layer and a second layer that are stacked upon each other, with the first layer having first flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which water as a first fluid flows and the second layer having second flow paths formed in a plurality of rows and through which a refrigerant as a second fluid flows and that exchanges heat between the first fluid and the second fluid.
-
- 1
- Water heat exchanger
- 10
- First layer
- 11
- First flow path
- 11a
- First-fluid outlet vicinity
- 11b
- Upstream-side portion disposed upstream of first-fluid outlet vicinity
- 20
- Second layer
- 21
- Second flow path
- 21a
- Second-fluid outlet vicinity
- 21b
- Upstream-side portion disposed upstream of second-fluid outlet vicinity
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
2010-117102
Claims (6)
- A water heat exchanger (1) comprising a first layer (10) and a second layer (20) that are stacked upon each other, and exchanging heat between a first fluid and a second fluid, the first layer having first flow paths (11) formed in a plurality of rows and through which water as the first fluid flows, the second layer having second flow paths (21) formed in a plurality of rows and through which a refrigerant as the second fluid flows, whereinwhen the first layer is viewed in a stacking direction of the first layer and the second layer, each first flow path extends from one end portion to another end portion of the first layer in a direction crossing a direction of arrangement of the first flow paths,when the second layer is viewed in the stacking direction, each second flow path extends from one end portion to another end portion of the second layer in a direction crossing a direction of arrangement of the second flow paths, andwhen the first fluid is to be heated by the second fluid, the first flow paths are formed so that a flow-path cross-sectional area of a first-fluid outlet vicinity (11a) positioned in a vicinity of an outlet for the first fluid is larger than a flow-path cross-sectional area of an upstream-side portion (11b) disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity.
- The water heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein
the first flow paths are merged so that the number of flow paths at the first-fluid outlet vicinity is less than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the first-fluid outlet vicinity. - A water heat exchanger (1) comprising a first layer (10) and a second layer (20) that are stacked upon each other, and exchanging heat between a first fluid and a second fluid, the first layer having first flow paths (11) formed in a plurality of rows and through which water as the first fluid flows, the second layer having second flow paths (21) formed in a plurality of rows and through which a refrigerant as the second fluid flows, whereinwhen the first layer is viewed in a stacking direction of the first layer and the second layer, each first flow path extends from one end portion to another end portion of the first layer in a direction crossing a direction of arrangement of the first flow paths,when the second layer is viewed in the stacking direction, each second flow path extends from one end portion to another end portion of the second layer in a direction crossing a direction of arrangement of the second flow paths, andwhen the first fluid is to be cooled by the second fluid, the second flow paths are formed so that a flow-path cross-sectional area of a second-fluid outlet vicinity (21a) positioned in a vicinity of an outlet for the second fluid is larger than a flow-path cross-sectional area of an upstream-side portion (21b) disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
- The water heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein
the second flow paths are merged so that the number of flow paths at the second-fluid outlet vicinity is less than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity. - The water heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein
the second flow paths are branched so that the number of flow paths at the second-fluid outlet vicinity is larger than the number of flow paths at the upstream-side portion disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity. - The water heat exchanger according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein
when the first fluid is to be cooled by the second fluid, the second flow paths are formed so that a flow-path cross-sectional area of a second-fluid outlet vicinity (21a) positioned in a vicinity of an outlet for the second fluid is larger than a flow-path cross-sectional area of an upstream-side portion (21b) disposed upstream of the second-fluid outlet vicinity.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2017004639A JP6354868B1 (en) | 2017-01-13 | 2017-01-13 | Water heat exchanger |
PCT/JP2018/000318 WO2018131597A1 (en) | 2017-01-13 | 2018-01-10 | Water heat exchanger |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3569959A1 true EP3569959A1 (en) | 2019-11-20 |
EP3569959A4 EP3569959A4 (en) | 2020-09-02 |
EP3569959B1 EP3569959B1 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
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ID=62840400
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP18739379.8A Active EP3569959B1 (en) | 2017-01-13 | 2018-01-10 | Water heat exchanger |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20190376750A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3569959B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6354868B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN110199169B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018131597A1 (en) |
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JP2021085535A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Heat exchanger |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS53129701A (en) * | 1977-04-16 | 1978-11-13 | Toshiba Corp | Steam producer |
GB9012618D0 (en) * | 1990-06-06 | 1990-07-25 | Rolls Royce Plc | Heat exchangers |
JP3858484B2 (en) * | 1998-11-24 | 2006-12-13 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Laminate heat exchanger |
JP2007162974A (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-28 | Xenesys Inc | Heat exchange plate |
DE202006011645U1 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2006-09-28 | Hans Berg Gmbh & Co. Kg | Radiator/heat sink for flow/return pipe coupling has a panel plate with upper and lower horizontal channels interlinked via vertical channels |
DE102009048060A1 (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2010-04-08 | Modine Manufacturing Co., Racine | Heat exchanger and method |
JP2010117102A (en) | 2008-11-14 | 2010-05-27 | Fujitsu General Ltd | Heat exchanger |
JP2011196620A (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-10-06 | Toyota Industries Corp | Ebullient cooling type heat exchanger |
WO2013008464A1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-01-17 | パナソニック株式会社 | Outdoor heat exchanger, and air conditioning device for vehicle |
CN102494547B (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2014-04-30 | 北京航空航天大学 | Miniature micro-channel plate-fin heat exchanger |
US9377250B2 (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2016-06-28 | The Boeing Company | Cross-flow heat exchanger having graduated fin density |
JP2015001356A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2015-01-05 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Heat pump heat exchanging device |
KR101534497B1 (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2015-07-09 | 한국원자력연구원 | Heat exchanger for steam generator and steam generator having the same |
CN203607491U (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-05-21 | 航天新长征电动汽车技术有限公司 | Heat-radiating flow field plate of fuel cell |
CN104671204B (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2016-08-24 | 浙江大学 | Cascading double-sided how snakelike microchannel reforming hydrogen-preparation reactor |
CN204730685U (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-10-28 | 江苏乐科热力科技有限公司 | A kind of sectional parallel condensation plate-type heat exchanger slab |
KR20160139725A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2016-12-07 | 한국원자력연구원 | Heat exchanger and nuclear reactor having the same |
-
2017
- 2017-01-13 JP JP2017004639A patent/JP6354868B1/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-01-10 WO PCT/JP2018/000318 patent/WO2018131597A1/en unknown
- 2018-01-10 EP EP18739379.8A patent/EP3569959B1/en active Active
- 2018-01-10 US US16/477,564 patent/US20190376750A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-01-10 CN CN201880006422.6A patent/CN110199169B/en active Active
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US20190376750A1 (en) | 2019-12-12 |
EP3569959A4 (en) | 2020-09-02 |
JP2018112382A (en) | 2018-07-19 |
CN110199169B (en) | 2021-08-10 |
WO2018131597A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
EP3569959B1 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
JP6354868B1 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
CN110199169A (en) | 2019-09-03 |
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