EP3561394A2 - Système et procédé de chauffage - Google Patents

Système et procédé de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3561394A2
EP3561394A2 EP19166922.5A EP19166922A EP3561394A2 EP 3561394 A2 EP3561394 A2 EP 3561394A2 EP 19166922 A EP19166922 A EP 19166922A EP 3561394 A2 EP3561394 A2 EP 3561394A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat conductive
fluid
flow
primary
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19166922.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3561394A3 (fr
Inventor
Frederik Gooijer
Maurice Frans Hamers
Johan van Diessen
Petrus Jacobus Johannes Bos
Matthijs Leegwater
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP3561394A2 publication Critical patent/EP3561394A2/fr
Publication of EP3561394A3 publication Critical patent/EP3561394A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/0092—Devices for preventing or removing corrosion, slime or scale
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/08—Electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/02—Fluid distribution means
    • F24D2220/0235—Three-way-valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of heating systems, methods for heating systems and computer program products for heating systems.
  • Homes are mostly heated for comfort of living, especially in mild and colder climates. Heaters for homes come in various shapes and size. A well-known example are the gas heaters burning gas to convert gas to heat. The heat is carried by water in a closed circuit of pipes from the gas heater to a radiator and from there back to the gas heater.
  • the hot tap water may be heated by the same gas heater as the gas heater heating the home.
  • the water for heating the house is not refreshed due to it being in a closed circuit and thus not suitable for drinking. Therefore, this type of gas heater has to accommodate two separate flows of water along the gas burner resulting in a complex system. Furthermore, the gas heater can only be optimized for either heating the home or the tap water.
  • An object of the invention is to decrease the complexity of the known heating systems. It is another object of the invention to improve the efficiency over the known systems.
  • a heating system comprising:
  • the primary heat conductive fluid inside the flow-through electrical heater is heated, when the heater is on.
  • the heated primary conductive fluid flows from the heater via the circuit to the fluid buffer.
  • the fluid buffer stores or buffers the heated primary conductive fluid.
  • As heated primary conductive fluid flows from the heater to the fluid buffer relatively cold primary heat conductive fluid flows to the heater via the circuit.
  • This relatively cold primary heat conductive fluid replaces the heated primary heat conductive fluid.
  • This flow may have a natural cause based on that heated fluid rises and cold fluid falls.
  • This flow may also be induced, such as by a pump.
  • This flow may also be a combination of a natural cause and an induced flow.
  • the fluid buffer is a heat storage or buffer for storing or buffering heated primary heat conductive fluid. Further, the fluid buffer is a storage of relatively cold primary heat conductive fluid. Typically, the fluid buffer contains primary heat conductive fluid wherein a temperature gradient is present across the primary heat conductive fluid in the fluid buffer. This temperature gradient is relatively high in case of no or minimal flow of, swirl in or vortex in the primary heat conductive fluid in the fluid buffer.
  • the flow-through electrical heater has typically a large capacity compared to the capacity of the fluid buffer. Thus, the heater is able to relatively quickly heat the primary heat conductive fluid and fill the complete fluid buffer with heated primary heat conductive fluid.
  • the first heat exchanger exchanges heat between the primary heat conductive fluid and the first secondary heat conductive liquid.
  • the first heat exchanger may be arranged in an inner space of the fluid buffer. More specifically, the first heat exchanger may be arranged at the lower part of the inner space. Typically, the first heat exchanger is arranged downstream of the fluid buffer.
  • the second heat exchanger exchanges heat between the primary heat conductive fluid and the second secondary heat conductive liquid.
  • the second heat exchanger may also be arranged in the inner space of the fluid buffer. More specifically, the second heat exchanger may be arranged at the higher part of the inner space. Alternatively, the second heat exchanger may be integrated with the fluid buffer. Typically, the second heat exchanger is arranged downstream of the fluid buffer.
  • the first secondary heat conductive liquid is typically used for heating the interior of a building, such as a house.
  • the heating of an interior typically requires a constant heating with a relatively low temperature.
  • the first secondary heat conductive liquid is typically a liquid that circulates.
  • the circulating liquid is typically not suitable for drinking or even for coming in contact with humans.
  • the second secondary heat conductive liquid is typically used for hot tap water, such as for showers and/or hot tap water for sinks.
  • the hot tap water is typically required more incidentally, such as during a shower, taking a bath or opening the hot water tap.
  • the hot tap water typically has a relatively high temperature.
  • the hot tap water is typically of a higher temperature compared to a liquid, such as water, for heating an interior.
  • the hot tap water is typically suitable for drinking or at least coming in contact with humans.
  • at least the first secondary heat conductive liquid and the second secondary heat conductive liquid should be separated.
  • the second secondary heat conductive liquid is stationary in the second heat exchanger. This is typically the case if no high temperature liquid is required from the system, such as if all hot tap water points are closed.
  • the first secondary heat conductive liquid may flow for providing heated first secondary heat conductive liquid of relatively low temperature.
  • the flow-through electrical heater may incidentally heat the primary heat conductive fluid and the fluid buffer will equalize this such that the first secondary heat conductive liquid in the first heat exchanger is substantially heated to the same temperature over time.
  • the flow-through electrical heater may heat the primary heat conductive fluid only with a part of its capacity for only providing the heat to the primary heat conductive fluid for heating the first secondary heat conductive liquid via the first heat exchanger to the required temperature.
  • the second secondary heat conductive liquid in the second heat exchanger is flowing. This is typically the case when a shower or bath is taken or a hot tap water point is open.
  • the flow-through electrical heater is typically used at or close to its maximum capacity for providing heated primary heat conductive fluid.
  • the heated primary heat conductive fluid fills the fluid buffer to provide enough heat to the second secondary heat conductive liquid via the second heat exchanger to heat the second secondary heat conductive liquid to the required high temperature.
  • the heated primary heat conductive fluid fills the fluid buffer with heated primary heat conductive fluid and thereafter the second heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the second secondary heat conductive fluid.
  • control means detect flow of the second secondary heat conductive liquid. This detection may be done directly via for example a flow sensor sensing flow of the second secondary heat conductive liquid. This detection may also be done indirectly via for example a temperature drop in the primary heat conductive fluid at a location in the primary circuit.
  • the heated primary heat conductive fluid may heat the first secondary heat conductive liquid to a temperature over the maximum temperature for the first secondary heat conductive liquid.
  • the control means adapt the heating system such that overheated first secondary conductive liquid leaving the first heat exchanger is prevented. Hence, controlling the temperature of the first secondary heat conductive liquid exiting the first heat exchanger.
  • the combination of the flow sensor and the flow control means provide a means of controlling the output of energy in the form of controlling the temperature of the first secondary heat conductive liquid exiting the first heat exchanger.
  • the energy output and thus the temperature of the second secondary heat conductive liquid exiting the second heat exchanger is controlled by redirecting energy from the first heat exchanger to the second heat exchanger if flow is detected.
  • the heater system Due to the ability of the system to provide heated and separated liquid supplies with minimal elements, the complexity of the system is reduced. Furthermore, by applying a flow-through heater in combination with a buffer and two heat exchangers configured as claimed and described, the heater system provides for a system with improved efficiency. Also, the system provides for increased safety employing only electricity instead of gas for heating the primary heat conductive fluid.
  • the heating system is arranged for providing the first secondary heat conductive liquid flowing out of the first heat exchanger of a first temperature and the second secondary heat conductive liquid flowing out of the second heat exchanger of a second temperature, which temperatures are different.
  • the second temperature is higher compared to the first temperature.
  • the first heat exchanger is a low temperature heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger is a high temperature heat exchanger.
  • the low and high temperatures are relative to each other.
  • the range of the low and high temperatures may partly overlap.
  • the range of the low and high temperatures may be arranged at a distance on the temperature scale.
  • the low and high temperature ranges pertain to the secondary heat conductive liquids outputted from the respective heat exchangers.
  • the secondary heat conductive liquid should be preferably in the specified range, although during start and stop of the flow of the secondary heat conductive liquid, the secondary liquid may temporarily be outside the temperature range.
  • the temperature range of the second secondary liquid, which is the high temperature range may be in the range of 30°C to 90°C, more preferably 35°C to 85°C, most preferably 40°C to 80°C, even more preferably 45°C to 75°C.
  • the temperature range of the first secondary liquid which is the low temperature range, may be in the range of 10°C to 65°C, more preferably 20°C to 60°C, most preferably 25°C to 55°C, even more preferably 25°C to 50°C. Due to the low number of components, while still providing secondary heat conductive liquid for two different temperature ranges provides for a system of low complexity. Furthermore, the system uses the combination of the flow-through electrical heater, the buffer and the arrangement of the heat exchangers to provide an efficient and safe heating system.
  • the control means comprise flow control means which may comprise a pump and/or a valve, such as a remote controllable valve.
  • the control means may further comprise a controller configured for adjusting the flow control means based on measurements from the flow sensor.
  • the flow sensor is arranged downstream and in proximity of the second secondary side.
  • the first and second heat exchangers are arranged inside the fluid buffer.
  • the system is further reduced in complexity, especially during installation the number of components that need to be installed and connected is reduced.
  • the fluid buffer may equalize the temperature of the primary heat conductive fluid leaving the flow-through electrical heater more, such that the heated second heat conductive liquid leaving the second heat exchanger is advantageously of more even temperature allowing a narrower temperature range specification.
  • the heat exchanger arranged inside the fluid buffer is a plate heat exchanger.
  • a plate heat exchanger provides more efficient heat exchange between the primary fluid and the respective secondary heat conductive liquid.
  • the heat exchanger arranged outside the fluid buffer is a tube heat exchanger.
  • a tube heat exchanger is an efficient type of heat exchanger, easily installed and manufactured, thus lowering complexity.
  • the primary heat conductive fluid is a primary heat conductive liquid.
  • Liquids have the advantage that the installation is simplified as leaks are less prone compared to gasses.
  • the liquid is water, preferably with enhanced conductivity by the addition of additives to enhance the heat generation of the flow-through electrical heater.
  • the fluid buffer has a volume V [m3], wherein the flow-through electrical heater has a maximum flow rate Q [m3/s] and wherein V / Q is in the range of 0.5 to 30 seconds, preferably 0.5 to 10 seconds, more preferably 0.5 to 5 seconds, most preferably 0.5 to 2.5 seconds.
  • the ratio of V/Q is important for the delay time before the secondary fluid is heated at start up.
  • the second heat exchanger may be arranged inside the fluid buffer or directly behind the fluid buffer. This ratio determines for a large part the delay time before secondary second heated liquid is outputted from the second heat exchanger. If, in a further embodiment, the first heat exchanger is also arranged inside or directly behind the fluid buffer, then the ratio determines for a large part also the delay time before first secondary heated liquid is outputted from the first heat exchanger.
  • the heat capacity of the flow-through electrical heater should be selected such that the maximum amount of heat outputted from the heater via the heated primary heat conductive fluid reduced by the amount of heat lost in the heating system exceeds the amount of heat needed from the heated secondary liquids. Most of the time also a maximum flow rate of the secondary liquid is required.
  • the heat capacity of the flow-through electrical heater has a minimum capacity Q.
  • the maximum temperature and flow rate of the second secondary liquid provide a basis for the calculation of the minimum capacity Q of the flow-through electrical heater. Part of this calculation may be the efficiency of the transport of heat generated by the flow-through electrical heater to the respective heat exchangers.
  • the fluid buffer causes the heated primary fluid to be at least partly mixed with the primary fluid already present in the fluid buffer.
  • the fluid buffer equalizes the temperature of the primary fluid. This equalization causes the secondary liquid with a heat exchanger in the inner space to be heated more equally.
  • a well selected ratio provides for a heating system that may react appropriately to the different demands, such as short delay and narrow temperature range.
  • a method for heating comprising the steps of:
  • a computer program product comprising a computer readable medium having computer readable code embodied therein, the computer readable code being configured such that, on execution by a suitable computer or processor, the computer or processor, when connected to a heating system according to the current invention or a method performed, is caused to perform the step of:
  • a conductivity adaptor for adapting the electrical conductivity of a heat conductive fluid in a heating circuit having a flow-through electrical heater, comprising:
  • the flow-through electrical heater may apply the principle of ohmic heating, wherein the electrical heater provides an electrical current to flow-through the primary fluid.
  • the primary fluid has a particular resistance. A current flowing through a resistance cause a temperature rise or heat generation, in this case in the primary fluid.
  • the flow-through electrical heater may also apply the principle of friction heating.
  • the primary fluid is electrically conductive, the primary fluid contains charged particles, such as differently charged particles, positively and/or negatively charged ions.
  • the flow-through electrical heater may apply an alternating current of a certain frequency and a certain amplitude. This alternating current may influence the flow of the ions of the primary fluid. This influence may cause the ions to move relative to uncharged and/or oppositely charged particles in the fluid.
  • the flow-through electrical heater is a flow-through alternating current electrical heater applying the principle of friction heating as described above.
  • the flow-through alternating current electrical heater is applied in a heating system for a building, such as a domestic building.
  • the flow-through alternating current electrical heater is directly connected to the mains power supply. This embodiment provides the advantage of preventing efficiency loss due to the conversion from alternating current to direct current. Furthermore, the complexity is reduced as no conversion of electricity is needed.
  • Tests show that the conductivity of the primary fluid, which is preferably liquid, more preferably water, influences the efficiency of the flow-through electrical heater. Hence, adjusting the conductivity may be required to reach or closely reach the optimal efficiency of the heater.
  • the current invention provides an adaptor for adapting this conductivity for enhancing the efficiency of the heater.
  • a method for adapting the electrical conductivity of a heat conductive fluid in a heating circuit having a flow-through electrical heater comprising the steps of:
  • a computer program product comprising a computer readable medium having computer readable code embodied therein, the computer readable code being configured such that, on execution by a suitable computer or processor, the computer or processor is caused to perform a method for adapting the electrical conductivity of a heat conductive fluid in a heating circuit having a flow-through electrical heater, comprising the steps of:
  • a heating system comprising a conductivity adaptor for the primary heat conductive fluid.
  • a method for heating comprising also the steps for adapting the electrical conductivity of the primary heat conductive fluid.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a heating system 100 according to an embodiment of the current invention.
  • the system comprises a circuit or primary circuit 110, 100' for circulating a primary heat conductive fluid 111.
  • the circuit may comprise one or more pipes, ducts, conduits or tubes carrying, conducting or conveying the fluid inside.
  • the system may further comprise an expansion vessel 175 for equalizing the pressure in the primary circuit.
  • the expansion vessel may be arranged at any location in the primary circuit.
  • the system further comprises a flow-through electrical heater 120 arranged in-line with the circuit for heating the primary fluid. In-line in the context of this description means that two items are in fluid communication, such as that the circuit and the flow-through electrical heater are in fluid communication with each other.
  • the primary heat conductive fluid is preferably a primary heat conductive liquid, such as water with an additive.
  • the system further comprises a fluid buffer 130 arranged in-line with the circuit for buffering the primary fluid.
  • the fluid buffer comprises an inner space 131 holding the primary fluid.
  • the fluid buffer further comprises a fluid buffer input 135 in fluid communication with and downstream of the flow-through electrical heater.
  • the fluid buffer further comprises a fluid buffer output 136 in fluid communication with and upstream of the heat exchangers.
  • the system may further comprise a first conduit 143, 143' carrying a first secondary heat conductive liquid 144, a first heat exchanger 140 for exchanging heat between the primary fluid and the first secondary heat conductive liquid, and a first secondary valve 166 or a valve 166 arranged for preventing flow of the first liquid through the first heat exchanger if closed.
  • the first heat exchanger comprises a first primary side 141 for fluid communication of the primary heat conductive fluid and a first secondary side 142 for fluid communication of the first secondary heat conductive liquid.
  • the surface between the sides is large to enhance heat exchange between the two sides.
  • the system may comprise an external heat exchanger 149.
  • This external heat exchanger may be a radiator in a building heating the inside of the building.
  • the first conduit, the first heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger may form a loop for circulating the first liquid.
  • the circulation of the first secondary heat conductive liquid may be stimulated by a pump.
  • the system further comprises a second conduit 153, 153' carrying a second secondary heat conductive liquid 154, a second heat exchanger 150 for exchanging heat between the primary fluid and the second secondary heat conductive liquid, and a flow sensor 161 for detecting flow of the second secondary heat conductive liquid.
  • a Venturi flow sensor such as flow nozzle sensor, wedge flow sensor, vortex flow sensor, etc.
  • the second heat exchanger comprises a second primary side 151 for fluid communication of the primary heat conductive fluid and a second secondary side 152 for fluid communication of the second secondary heat conductive liquid.
  • the surface between the sides is large to enhance heat exchange between the two sides.
  • the system may comprise a manually operated valve 155.
  • the manually operated valve is arranged in-line with the first conduit. Furthermore, the other end of the first conduit may be connected to a water supply, such as a drinking water supply, for providing drinking water as the second secondary liquid.
  • the manually operated valve may be a hot water tap, for example in building. If the manually operated valve is open, the second secondary liquid may flow through the conduit, which will be detected by the flow sensor.
  • Both the first and the second heat exchangers are in fluid communication downstream with a first check valve 114 and second check valve 117 respectively followed downstream by a first primary pump 115 and a second primary pump 118 respectively.
  • the heater heats the primary fluid.
  • the buffer buffers the primary fluid.
  • the heat may be extracted from the primary fluid via the first and/or second heat exchangers.
  • the heat exchangers may be arranged after, such as directly after, the buffer as shown.
  • the buffer buffers the heat generated by the heater.
  • the flow-through electrical heater may apply the principle of ohmic heating, wherein the electrical heater provides an electrical current to flow-through the primary fluid.
  • the primary fluid has a particular resistance. A current flowing through a resistance cause a temperature rise or heat generation, in this case in the primary fluid.
  • the flow-through electrical heater may also apply the principle of friction heating.
  • the primary fluid is electrically conductive, the primary fluid contains charged particles, such as positively and/or negatively charged ions.
  • the flow-through electrical heater may apply an alternating current of a certain frequency and a certain amplitude. This alternating current may influence the flow of the ions in the primary fluid. This influence may cause the ions to move relative to differently charged particles, uncharged and/or oppositely charged particles in the fluid.
  • the flow-through electrical heater is a flow-through alternating current electrical heater applying the principle of friction heating as described above.
  • the flow-through alternating current electrical heater is applied in a heating system for a building, such as a domestic building.
  • the system further comprises control means 160.
  • the control means comprise a controller 169.
  • the flow control means may be the same or a subset of the control means.
  • the control means further comprise the flow sensor.
  • the flow sensor outputs a flow sensor signal 162 providing an indication of the flow of the second secondary liquid as measured by the flow sensor.
  • the controller is arranged to receive the flow sensor signal.
  • the control means further comprise the first secondary valve.
  • the first secondary valve 166 takes a first secondary valve control signal 167 as input for controlling the position of the valve.
  • the valve has preferably at least two modes of operation, being open and closed.
  • the controller is further arranged to control the valve control signal. If flow or a certain predefined level of flow is detected, the controller may trigger and the control may signal the valve to go in the close mode.
  • valve is more opened, such that the flow rate through the heat exchanger of the second secondary liquid is increased, such that the outputted second secondary liquid is lower in temperature.
  • control means comprise a first secondary pump 164.
  • the first secondary pump comprises a first secondary pump control signal 165. This signal may be used to control or stimulate the flow of the first secondary liquid.
  • the pump may be used in combination with the first secondary valve 166.
  • a natural circulation of the primary fluid may occur as the heater heats the primary fluid and the heat exchangers extract heat from the primary fluid.
  • the circulation of the primary fluid is stimulated or controlled by primary pumps 115, 118.
  • the first and second primary pumps are controlled by the first and second primary control signals 116, 119 respectively.
  • the controller may be arranged to output the primary pump control signals.
  • the first and second check valve prevent flow of the primary heat conductive fluid in the wrong direction.
  • the preferred flow direction of the primary heat conductive fluid is indicated by an arrow Fp.
  • the preferred flow direction of the first secondary heat conductive liquid is indicated by an arrow Fs1.
  • the preferred flow direction of the second secondary heat conductive liquid is indicated by an arrow Fs2.
  • the flow-through electrical heater may comprise a heater temperature sensor 122, preferable measuring the temperature of the casing of the heater.
  • the heater temperature sensor may output a heater temperature signal 123.
  • the controller may be arranged to receive the heater temperature signal.
  • the flow-through electrical heater may comprise a heater control signal 121 for controlling the amount of heat generated in the primary fluid.
  • the controller may be configured that if the temperature of the casing of the heater exceeds a predefined temperature to switch the pump on to circulate the primary fluid. And the controller may be further configured that if the temperature of the casing does not decrease or exceeds a second predefined temperature, the heater is controlled to switch off or decrease the heat generated in the primary fluid. This mechanism provides a safety measure preventing overheating of the flow-through electrical heater.
  • control means may comprise a primary temperature sensor 112 arranged for measuring the temperature of the primary fluid.
  • the primary temperature sensor outputs a primary temperature signal 113.
  • the controller may be arranged to receive the primary temperature signal. If the primary temperature exceeds a predefined temperature and the pump is already on, the controller may be configured to switch off the heater as to further improve overheating prevention.
  • control means may comprise a fluid buffer temperature sensor 132 arranged for measuring the temperature of the primary fluid in the inner space of the fluid buffer.
  • the fluid buffer temperature sensor outputs a fluid buffer temperature signal 133.
  • the controller may be arranged to receive the fluid buffer temperature signal. If the primary temperature in the inner space exceeds a predefined temperature and the pump is already on, the controller may be configured to switch off the heater as to further improve overheating prevention.
  • control means comprise at least two, preferable all, of the group of a primary temperature sensor, heater temperature sensor and fluid buffer temperature sensor.
  • the combination of sensors advantageously improves the overheating prevention of the heater.
  • the combination of sensors also advantageously improves the control of the temperature of the primary fluid in the fluid buffer as well in the first and second heat exchangers, such that the temperature of the first and second secondary liquids is controlled with a higher accuracy. Furthermore, fluctuations of the temperature of the first and/or second secondary liquids are reduced.
  • the flow-through electrical heater is a flow-through alternating current electrical heater.
  • the conductivity of the primary fluid influences the efficiency of the heater, hence the need for optimizing the conductivity of the primary fluid.
  • the conductivity optimization is typically done during installation, but in another embodiment, the conductivity optimization may be done during operation, such as constantly or at regular intervals.
  • the heating system may comprise a conductivity adaptor for adapting the electrical conductivity of a primary heat conductive fluid 111 in a heating circuit 110 having a flow-through electrical heater 120.
  • the conductivity adaptor comprises a dispenser 170 for dispensing a fluid for changing the electrical conductivity of the heat conductive fluid.
  • the dispenser may comprise one reservoir 171 for holding either a fluid for increasing or a fluid for decreasing the conductivity of the primary heat conductive fluid.
  • the dispenser may comprise two reservoirs for holding a fluid for increasing and a fluid for decreasing the conductivity of the primary heat conductive fluid.
  • a reservoir may hold primary heat conductive fluid with unadapted conductivity for diluting the primary heat conductive fluid with adapted conductivity in the primary circuit.
  • the reservoir may be in fluid communication with the primary circuit 110, 100' via a dispenser valve 172 controlling the dispensing of the fluid in the reservoir into the primary circuit.
  • the dispenser may be detachable connectable to the primary circuit. Alternatively, the dispenser may form an integral part of the primary circuit.
  • the conductivity adaptor further comprises a conductivity sensor 192 for detecting the electrical conductivity of the heat conductive fluid.
  • the adaptor further comprises a controller, which may be the controller 169 as described above or may be a separate controller.
  • the conductivity sensor outputs a conductivity sensor signal 193.
  • the controller is arranged to receive this conductivity sensor signal.
  • the dispenser valve is controlled by the dispenser valve control signal 173.
  • the controller is arranged to output the dispenser valve control signal.
  • the controller is configured to execute the following steps:
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a second heating system 200 according to an embodiment of the current invention.
  • the first and second primary pumps from the first embodiment are replaced by one three-way valve 180 followed downstream by one first primary pump 115.
  • the three-way valve has two inputs, wherein the input flow is indicated with Fin, and one output, wherein the output flow is indicated with Fout.
  • the three-way valve typically prevents the flow of the primary heat conductive fluid in the opposite direction. The advantage of this configuration is that the primary circuit only needs one pump.
  • the three-way valve is a controllable three-way valve.
  • the control means may comprise this controllable three-way valve.
  • the controllable three-way valve is controllable via a three-way valve control signal outputted from for example the controller.
  • This three-way controllable valve may be controlled such that if the flow sensor senses flow of the second secondary heat conductive liquid, that more primary heat conductive fluid is directed through the primary side of the second heat exchanger.
  • the three-way controllable valve directs all primary heat conductive fluid through the primary side of the second heat exchanger.
  • the three-way valve is a three-way thermostat valve.
  • the control means may comprise this three-way thermostat valve.
  • the three-way thermostat valve allows a minimal flow of primary heat conductive fluid through the second primary side of the second heat exchanger. If the thermostat senses a temperature drop in this flow, heat is extracted from this flow as the second secondary heat conductive liquid flows or increases in flow. This temperature drop may be compensated by the three-way thermostat valve by directing more primary heat conductive fluid through the second primary side.
  • This three-way thermostat valve may be combined with other control means, such as a first secondary valve 166 and a flow sensor 161 as described above, or three-way thermostat valve may work autonomously. If the three-way thermostat valve is combined with other control means, the thermostat signal may be connected to the controller for signalling the temperature and/or setting the valve configuration.
  • the three-way valve such as a controllable three-way valve, a three-way thermostat valve or a three-way controllable thermostat valve, is arranged upstream instead of downstream of the two heat exchangers. If the three-way valve is arranged upstream, the three-way valve comprises one input and two outputs. The input receives heated primary heat conductive fluid and the outputs are in fluid communication with the respective primary sides of the heat exchangers.
  • This embodiment provides the same advantages as described above for the embodiment in figure 2 .
  • FIG 3 schematically shows a third heating system 300 according to an embodiment of the current invention.
  • the heat exchangers are arranged sequentially in comparison to the heat exchangers in figure 1 and 2 , which are arranged in parallel.
  • the second secondary heat conductive liquid In a first mode the second secondary heat conductive liquid is not flowing through the second secondary side of the second heat exchanger.
  • the primary heat conductive fluid outputted from the fluid buffer is then in a temperature range suitable for heating the first secondary heat conductive liquid via the first heat exchanger.
  • the second secondary heat conductive liquid is flowing through the second secondary side of the second heat exchanger.
  • the primary heat conductive fluid outputted from the fluid buffer is then in a temperature range suitable for heating the second secondary heat conductive liquid via the second heat exchanger.
  • the flow of the first secondary heat conductive liquid may be controlled for maintaining the output of the first secondary heat conductive liquid from the second side of the first heat exchanger within a predefined temperature range. Controlling the flow of the first secondary heat conductive liquid may comprise switching off, decreasing or increasing this flow.
  • This embodiment has the advantage of that, with the right configuration of heater capacity, buffer volume size and heat exchangers capacities, that the first secondary liquid may continue to flow at a different rate while the second secondary liquid also flows.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a fourth heating system 400 according to an embodiment of the current invention.
  • the second heat exchanger is arranged inside the fluid buffer. This enhances the response time between the start of flowing of the second secondary heat conductive liquid and this liquid being in the predefined temperature range.
  • this embodiment may be arranged such that the output of the fluid buffer is in fluid communication with the input of the first heat exchanger without having a three-way valve arranged in between as shown in figure 4 .
  • This configuration provides the same advantages as presented for figure 3 .
  • this embodiment may comprise a three-way valve, preferable a three-way thermostat valve or a three-way controllable valve or a three-way controllable thermostat valve, controlled by the controller.
  • the three-way valve takes as input flow the output flow of the fluid buffer and the output flow of the first heat exchanger.
  • the output of the three-way valve is presented to the input of the first heat exchanger.
  • the temperature input of the primary heat conductive liquid into the first primary side of the first heat exchanger may be controlled much more compared to the configuration in figure 3 .
  • This configuration provides the advantage of that the balance between heater capacity, buffer volume size and heat exchangers capacities for providing at the same time first and second secondary liquids within respective different and predefined temperature ranges.
  • figure 4 with the use of a three-way valve may be applied to the configuration of figure 3 for providing the same advantages as described above.
  • the three-way valve such as a controllable three-way valve, a three-way thermostat valve or a three-way controllable thermostat valve, comprises one input and two outputs.
  • the input receives the primary heat conductive fluid exiting the second primary side of the second heat exchanger, one output is in fluid communication with the first primary side of the first heat exchanger and one output allows the primary heat conductive liquid to bypass the first heat exchanger.
  • Figure 5 schematically shows a fifth heating system 500 according to an embodiment of the current invention. Both heat exchangers are placed inside the fluid buffer in this embodiment. This configuration provides the advantage of ease of installation as fewer components and piping have to be installed. If the temperature gradient across the buffer is large enough the fluid buffer may provide first and second secondary heat conductive liquids at the same time. Further, this configuration provides the same advantages as described for the figures 3 and 4 .
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a method 200 for heating according to the current invention.
  • the method comprises the step of circulating 210 a primary heat conductive fluid 111.
  • the circulation may have a natural circulation, such as heated water rising due to convection, or may be stimulated by for example a pump or both.
  • the method comprises the step of heating 220 the primary fluid with a flow-through electrical heater 120.
  • the method comprises the step of buffering 230 the heated primary fluid.
  • the method comprises the step of exchanging 240 heat between the primary fluid and a first secondary heat conductive liquid, wherein the heat exchange is downstream from where the primary heat conductive fluid is heated.
  • the method comprises the step of exchanging 250 heat between the primary fluid and a second secondary heat conductive liquid 151, wherein the heat exchange is downstream of where the primary fluid is heated and upstream of the heat exchange between the primary fluid and the first secondary heat conductive liquid.
  • the method comprises the step of controlling 260 the temperature of the first secondary heat conductive liquid exiting the first heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a method 300 for adapting the electrical conductivity of a heat conductive fluid in a heating circuit 110 according to the current invention.
  • the heating circuit comprises a flow-through electrical heater 120.
  • the method comprises the step of detecting 310 the electrical conductivity of the heat conductive fluid.
  • the method comprises the step of receiving 320 electrical conductivity measurements.
  • the method comprises the step of receiving 330 an electrical conductivity setpoint.
  • the method comprises the step of comparing 340 the received measurements with the electrical conductivity setpoint.
  • the method comprises the step of based on the comparison dispensing 350 a fluid for changing the electrical conductivity of the heat conductive fluid such that the electrical conductivity of the heat conductive fluid approaches the electrical conductivity setpoint.
  • Figure 8 schematically shows an embodiment of a computer program product, computer readable medium and/or non-transitory computer readable storage medium 1000 having a writable part 1010 including a computer program 1020, the computer program including instructions for causing a processor system to perform a method according to the current invention.
  • Combion is a registered trademark. Embodiments falling within the claims and embodiments mentioned throughout the text are traded under the Combion trademark.
  • the invention also applies to computer programs, particularly computer programs on or in a carrier, adapted to put the invention into practice.
  • the program may be in the form of a source code, a code intermediate source and an object code such as in a partially compiled form, or in any other form suitable for use in the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • a program may have many different architectural designs.
  • a program code implementing the functionality of the method or system according to the invention may be sub-divided into one or more sub-routines. Many different ways of distributing the functionality among these sub-routines will be apparent to the skilled person.
  • the sub-routines may be stored together in one executable file to form a self-contained program.
  • Such an executable file may comprise computer-executable instructions, for example, processor instructions and/or interpreter instructions (e.g. Java interpreter instructions).
  • one or more or all of the sub-routines may be stored in at least one external library file and linked with a main program either statically or dynamically, e.g. at run-time.
  • the main program contains at least one call to at least one of the sub-routines.
  • the sub-routines may also comprise function calls to each other.
  • An embodiment relating to a computer program product comprises computer-executable instructions corresponding to each processing stage of at least one of the methods set forth herein. These instructions may be sub-divided into sub-routines and/or stored in one or more files that may be linked statically or dynamically.
  • Another embodiment relating to a computer program product comprises computer-executable instructions corresponding to each means of at least one of the systems and/or products set forth herein. These instructions may be sub-divided into sub-routines and/or stored in one or more files that may be linked statically or dynamically.
  • the carrier of a computer program may be any entity or device capable of carrying the program.
  • the carrier may include a data storage, such as a ROM, for example, a CD ROM or a semiconductor ROM, or a magnetic recording medium, for example, a hard disk.
  • the carrier may be a transmissible carrier such as an electric or optical signal, which may be conveyed via electric or optical cable or by radio or other means.
  • the carrier may be constituted by such a cable or other device or means.
  • the carrier may be an integrated circuit in which the program is embedded, the integrated circuit being adapted to perform, or used in the performance of, the relevant method.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
EP19166922.5A 2018-04-04 2019-04-02 Système et procédé de chauffage Withdrawn EP3561394A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2020714A NL2020714B1 (en) 2018-04-04 2018-04-04 Heating system and method

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EP3561394A2 true EP3561394A2 (fr) 2019-10-30
EP3561394A3 EP3561394A3 (fr) 2020-01-22

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021261730A1 (fr) * 2020-06-26 2021-12-30 주식회사 경동나비엔 Dispositif d'alimentation en chauffage et son procédé de commande

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4738395A (en) * 1987-02-17 1988-04-19 Hot Water Equipment Corporation Fluid flow rate detector and system
DE3828578A1 (de) * 1988-08-23 1990-03-08 Oplaender Wilo Werk Gmbh Pumpen fuer eine warmwasserheizungsanlage
DE102007055132A1 (de) * 2007-11-17 2009-05-20 Lotze, Hans-Jürgen Überwachungs- und Diagnosearmatur für Heizwasser
DE102012009397A1 (de) * 2012-05-10 2013-11-14 Öko-Haustechnik inVENTer GmbH Trinkwasservorrangschaltung in Wärmepumpensystemen im Durchlaufprinzip mit Vorwärmfunktion und nachgeschaltetem Trinkwassererwärmer
DE102016107627B4 (de) * 2016-04-25 2018-12-06 Oventrop Gmbh & Co. Kg Anordnung zur Warmwasser- und Heizungswasser- Erzeugung unter mindestens teilweiser Nutzung von regenerativer elektrischer Energie
GB2551973A (en) * 2016-06-29 2018-01-10 Clean Heat Provision Ltd Improvements in and relating to domestic and commercial hot water installations

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021261730A1 (fr) * 2020-06-26 2021-12-30 주식회사 경동나비엔 Dispositif d'alimentation en chauffage et son procédé de commande

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EP3561394A3 (fr) 2020-01-22

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