EP3542066A1 - Zweiflutige strömungsmaschine - Google Patents
Zweiflutige strömungsmaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP3542066A1 EP3542066A1 EP17805101.7A EP17805101A EP3542066A1 EP 3542066 A1 EP3542066 A1 EP 3542066A1 EP 17805101 A EP17805101 A EP 17805101A EP 3542066 A1 EP3542066 A1 EP 3542066A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- turbomachine according
- central chamber
- chamber
- passage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
- F04D25/166—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows using fans
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/06—Helico-centrifugal pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
- F04D25/0613—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump the electric motor being of the inside-out type, i.e. the rotor is arranged radially outside a central stator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
- F04D29/522—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
Definitions
- Two-flow turbomachine The present invention relates to a turbomachine for the simultaneous driving of oppositely directed fluid flows, in particular of air flows.
- Such turbomachines are particularly suitable for avoiding a pressure difference to the environment when ventilating a room which does not communicate with the environment or at best communicates via narrow passages.
- a double-flow fan is known in which on a fan wheel has two annular arrays of air blades, which differ in their handedness, so that when the fan wheel rotates, they drive currents in opposite directions.
- a problem with this fan is that the airflows can not be kept completely separate from each other.
- a double-flow fan which allows separation of the opposing air flows, is known from DE 10 2014 118 210 AI.
- This fan has a special fan with fluid inlets on two opposite ends; Via internal channels of the impeller, the opposing air flows are guided past each other and output via fluid outlets on the circumference of the impeller.
- the space requirement of the internal channels means that the fluid inlets can fill only about half of the front sides of the fan wheel.
- the throughput of the fan is therefore considerably smaller than that of a single-flow fan with the same diameter.
- the wall thickness of the channels must be large enough to
- CONFIRMATION COPY to withstand passing centrifugal forces.
- the throughput can therefore not be increased by an increase in speed, without simultaneously reducing the free cross-section of the channels and the moment of inertia of the fan wheel is increased.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a double flow turbomachine which is inexpensive to manufacture and achieves high throughput for a given diameter and given speed.
- a turbomachine with a housing having a first housing portion with a central chamber and an outer chamber extending around the central chamber, and a first fan wheel which is received in the central chamber of the first portion of the housing and is rotatably driven about an axis, the first and a second housing portion of the housing are arranged on different sides of a plane perpendicular to the axis sectional plane, the second housing portion a central chamber in which a second rotatably driven about the axis fan wheel is arranged, and one about the axis and the central chamber extending outer chamber, and in that the housing has a first passage which connects the central chamber of the first housing portion with the outer chamber of the second housing portion, and a second passage which connects the outer chamber of the first housing portion with the central Chamber of the second housing section connects, and that the passages cross the cutting plane of the housing.
- each impeller can fill the entire cross section of its central chamber and accordingly convey it at a high throughput
- each blade wheel comes into contact with only one fluid flow, it is not necessary to adapt the blade wheel to the bidirectionality of the machine, and inexpensive paddle wheels that are also used for single-flow machines can be used. Since the passages, by means of which the countercurrent fluid streams are led past one another, are located between the Sprockets are arranged in the housing, they do not have to survive beyond the circumference of the paddle wheels and can therefore be accommodated on a small diameter, so that the total diameter of the housing must exceed the paddle wheels only slightly. In addition, since the passages do not need to rotate, the wall thickness of the passages can be kept low.
- the first and second housing sections may be embodied as individual components or assemblies that meet at the cutting plane, or they may be formed by components that extend integrally across the cutting plane and in part to the first and to another part of the belong to the second housing section.
- the former alternative has the advantage of allowing between the sectional plane of the first housing part and that of the second further housing parts, such as a pipe for bridging the distance between two surfaces of a wall in which the turbomachine is to be mounted, or a Insert heat exchanger.
- the passages in the sectional plane should be arranged so that a point reflection on the axis depicts the first passage onto the second passage.
- a plurality of first passages and a plurality of second passages should be distributed alternately about the axis, preferably arranged on a circle about the axis.
- a first passage is from the central chamber of the second
- Section and / or from the outer chamber of the first portion preferably separated by a wall extending on a flared to the second portion conical surface.
- These walls can be integrally connected in a single component.
- the housing comprises two identical internal parts facing each other on both sides of the sectional plane or planes, and one of walls separating a first passage from the central chamber of the second section and walls comprising a second passage from the outer chamber separate the second section.
- These two internal parts may further delimit a channel extending in the sectional plane, which can receive a supply cable for a motor driving the fan wheels.
- Such a motor can find space between the fan wheels. Conveniently, it can be mounted on one of the inner parts.
- the housing may comprise two identical outer parts, in which the fan wheels engage.
- the arrangement of a housing section in the inner and outer part makes it possible, in particular, to provide the central chamber with a streamlined widening facing the cutting plane of the housing section and at the same time to hold the components from which the housing is assembled without undercutting, so that they can be used with simple tools can be molded.
- the fan wheels may have a hub in the form of a cone-stump widened towards the cutting plane.
- the fan wheels In order to drive the fluid flows in the axial direction, the fan wheels preferably have air blades projecting radially from a peripheral surface of their hubs. In order to minimize the flow noise, the number of air blades of each fan and the number of passes should be emanating from the fan chamber receiving the central chamber, be alien.
- the fan wheels can be mounted on a common shaft and shaped in mirror image to each other. Then both can be driven without a gearbox by a single motor.
- fan wheels In order to reduce the effort in the production of the fan wheels, and identical fan wheels can be used. These then have to be rotationally driven in opposite directions.
- a reversing gear can be provided; but it can also be assigned to each fan a separate engine. The latter alternative may be useful, in particular, if the sectional planes of the first and second housing sections do not coincide directly.
- the dimension of a wall separating a first passage from a second passage should preferably be greater in at least one spatial direction than the dimensions of the passageways (22, 23) perpendicular to that wall.
- turbomachine may be directly embedded in an opening of an outer wall to control the exchange of air between a space inside the building and the environment; but it can also be part of a central ventilation system, where air flows from and to several rooms in the building converge.
- Fig. 1 is an axial section through an inventive
- FIG. 2 shows radial sections along the planes B, C of FIG. 1;
- Fig. 3 is a section along the plane A of Fig. 1;
- FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of an inner part of the housing of the turbomachine
- Fig. 6 is a view of an alternative inner part; Fig. 7 shows a further alternative section along the plane
- Fig. 8 is an analogous to FIG. 1 section according to a first
- Fig. 9 is an analogous to FIG. 1 section according to a second
- Fig. 10 is an analogous to Fig. 1 section according to a third
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an inner part according to a preferred embodiment
- FIG. 12 shows the inner part of FIG. 11 from a different perspective
- FIG. 12 shows the inner part of FIG. 11 from a different perspective
- Fig. 13 shows two internal parts with stator mounted thereon
- Fig. 15 the fully assembled turbomachine and 16 shows a turbomachine, supplemented by a pipeline for improved separation of the counter-rotating air flows outside the machine.
- Fig. 1 shows an axial section through a turbomachine according to the invention.
- the structure of the machine is largely mirror-symmetrical with respect to a sectional plane A.
- From a base plate 1 extending in the sectional plane A there is a cylindrical shaft 2 around which a stator 4 of an electric motor 3 is arranged.
- a rotor 5 of the electric motor 3 is integrated into a fan wheel 6, which surrounds the stator 4.
- a mounted in the shaft 2 shaft 8 connects the fan 6 with a fan 7, which is opposite him on the other side of the cutting plane A mirror image, so that both fan wheels 6, 7 in the same direction about an axis 9 drivable drivable by the electric motor 3.
- the fan wheels 6, 7 are designed here as Axialllibraryergan, with radially extending from a peripheral surface 10 of its hub 11 air blades 12th
- the fan 6 is housed in a central chamber 13 which is bounded by an annular peripheral wall 14.
- the diameter of the central chamber 13 may, as shown, increase towards the cutting plane A;
- the hub 11 may be frusto-conical, so that the air blades 12 circulate in an annular channel at the periphery of the central chamber 13, the diameter of which increases from a suction port 15 to the cutting plane A.
- the base plate 1 is shown in Fig. 1 flat; but it can also be cup-like out of the cutting plane A out, to increase the available installation space for the electric motor 3. It is also conceivable to provide the base plate with a window into which the stator 4 can be tightly inserted in order to expand on both sides of the cutting plane A.
- An outer chamber 16 extends beyond the wall 14 about the central chamber 13. It is bounded outwardly by an annular wall 17. To this end, on the opposite side of the cutting plane A walls 18, 19 define a central chamber 20 accommodating the fan wheel 7 and an outer chamber 21 surrounding the central chamber 20.
- the base plate 1 is surrounded by passages 22, 23, one of which is shown in FIG 1 can be seen in section.
- the passages 22, 23 are distributed alternately along a centered around the axis 9 circle.
- the passages 22 connect in each case over the cutting plane A away the central chamber 13 with the outer chamber 21; conversely, the passages 23 connect the central chamber 20 to the outer chamber 16.
- FIG. 2 shows two sections through the turbomachine along the planes designated B and C of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3, which is a section along that indicated A. Level shows.
- the viewing direction of the two sections of Figure 2 is in each case from the outside to the cutting plane A; Therefore, the handedness of the air blades 12 and the direction indicated by an arrow 24 sense of rotation of the fan wheel 6 and 7 in the two sections each appear in mirror image to each other.
- the section C passes through the chambers 13, 16. In the chamber 16 is at 12 o'clock position the same passage 23, which can also be seen in the section of Fig. 1, further passages 23 are located at 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock positions. At the intervening
- a wall portion 25 which establishes a continuous transition between the wall 13 surrounding the central chamber 13 to the left of the cutting plane A and the wall 19 to the right of the cutting plane A and behind which a passage 22 hides.
- In the central chamber 13 are covered around the hub 11 and in part by the air blades 12, Inlets of the passages 22 and, to see between them, wall sections 26, each connecting the base plate 1 with the wall 14.
- section B one sees in the outer chamber 21 at 12, 4 and 8 o'clock position on wall sections 27, which separate the passages 23 from the outer chamber 21, and in between each in the passages 22 into it; inside the inner chamber 20, in the 12, 4 and 8 o'clock position, one sees in the passages 23 and therebetween wall portions 28 which separate the passages 22 from the outer chamber 16.
- FIG. 2 shows by way of example in a passage 23 a cross-sectionally comb-like arrangement of a plurality of guide vanes 59, which is inserted into the passage 23; corresponding arrangements could also be provided in the remaining passages 23 and the passages 22.
- Fig. 4 shows an inner part 30 of the housing of the turbomachine described above in a perspective view.
- the inner part comprises the base plate 1, the wall portions 26 projecting from the edge of the base plate 1 on a conical surface towards the fan wheel 6, the wall portions 28 projecting towards the fan wheel 7 between the wall portions 26, the wall portions 25 delimiting the passageways 22, 23 respectively outwardly bounding wall portions 25 .
- the inner section 30 can be manufactured without undercuts by means of simple forming tools movable in the direction of the axis 9.
- FIG. 5 shows a section along the plane A
- FIG. 6 shows an inner part 30 belonging to this section.
- the number of passages 22, 23 is increased in relation to the inner part 30 of FIG. It is each divisive with the number of air blades on the fan 6 and 7, from the chamber 13, 20 go out the passages.
- Fig. 8 shows an analogous to Fig. 1 axial section through a second embodiment of the turbomachine.
- the housing with the base plate 1, the walls 14, 17, 18, 19 and the connecting wall sections 25-28 is identical to that of FIG.
- the fan 7 is not mirrored here, but identical to the fan 6; Therefore, the fan wheels 6, 7 are not mounted on a common shaft, but coupled via a reversing gear 31 to each other, so that they rotate at the same speed, but in opposite directions.
- each fan wheel 6, 7 is assigned its own electric motor 3. Again, both fan wheels 6, 7 may be identical. By separate energization of both motors 3 different throughputs in the two flow directions can be set here.
- Fig. 10 shows a development which, although possible in all three embodiments of Figs. 1, 8 and 9, but particularly favorable in those of Figs. 8 and 9, since here the two fan wheels 6, 7 have no common shaft:
- a housing portion 49, which forms the inner chamber 13 and the outer chamber 16, and a housing portion 50, which forms the chambers 20, 21 are designed as individual components, each on its base plate 1 end.
- the housing sections 49, 50 could be mounted together with abutting base plates 1 to form the fluid flow machine of Fig. 9;
- a further housing portion 51 is inserted, in which the passages 22, 23 each continue from one base plate 1 to the other.
- the housing portion 51 can only serve the purpose of bridging the distance between the housing sections 49, 50, which results when inserted into a hole of a building wall flush with the opposite surfaces of the building wall. In this case, it may be expedient to minimize the number of passages 22, 23 and the walls 29 between them as shown in Fig. 7, so that the housing portion 51 are cut with little effort in each required from an extruded profile length can, or it can be provided two telescopically interlocking components to provide a housing portion 51, the length of which is adaptable by pulling or pushing together of the components to the needs.
- the housing portion 51 also serves as a heat exchanger between the circulating in opposite directions air streams.
- the passages 22, 23 are numerous, and their dimensions in the axial and in the radial direction are greater than in the circumferential direction, to a
- a magnetic coupling 55 comprises two magnetic clutch plates 56, 57, which, if they are close enough to each other, can transmit torque from one to the other without the need to precisely align the axes about which they rotate.
- One clutch disc 56 is located on the shaft 8 of the motor 3, the other clutch disc 57 on a shaft 58 which extends through the housing portion 51.
- a second, not shown in FIG. 10 magnetic coupling is provided between the opposite end of the shaft 58 and the fan 7.
- a motor on the side of the fan wheel 7 can be omitted, and the motor 3 on the side of the fan wheel 6 can drive both fan wheels 6, 7.
- All three housing sections 49, 50, 51, including their rotating shafts, can be completely preassembled and connected to one another at the installation location, without an inaccurate coaxiality of the shafts leading to concentricity problems.
- Fig. 11 shows an inner part 32 of the housing of the turbomachine according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the inner part comprises the base plate 1, the wall sections 26 protruding from the edge of the base plate 1, the wall sections 25 and a cylindrical outer wall ring 33.
- the sectional plane A extends along a lower edge of the outer wall ring 33.
- screw channels 34 distributed, some of which on the cutting plane A protruding locking projection 35 and the other one to the
- Locking projection 35 have complementary receptacle.
- a seal 36 extends along an upper edge of the outer wall ring 33.
- the edges of the wall sections 25, 26 facing away from the sectional plane A complement each other to form a circular edge 37, which may likewise be provided with a circumferential seal.
- FIG. 12 and 13 show the inner part 32 with a stator 4 mounted on the base plate 1, once in the perspective of FIG. 11 and once with the viewer facing base plate 1.
- a seal is formed; she here comprises a spring 38 and a groove 39, each occupying one half of the circumference of the outer wall ring 33.
- a respective tongue and groove split seal 40 extends around the base plate 1 and along edges of the dividing walls 29 extending in the sectional plane A.
- One of the dividing walls 29 is widened to form half of a channel 41 in which a supply cable 42 of the motor 3 runs.
- FIG. 13 shows the inner part 32 and a second, identical inner part 43 along the plane A are interconnected by the latching projections 35 and the spring 38 of the one inner part engage in the recesses or groove 39 of the other inner part .
- ball bearings are inserted into a recess 44 of the stator 4 and to the second inner part 43, respectively, and the shaft 8 (not shown in FIG. 13) is inserted into the ball bearings.
- Fig. 14 shows the structure after joining the fan wheels 6, 7 at the ends of the shaft eighth
- two identical outer parts 45, 46 are added to the inner parts 32, 43. These each comprise an outer wall ring 47 congruent with the outer wall rings 33 of the inner parts 32, 43 and plugged into their seals 36, which together with the outer wall rings 33 form the outer walls 17, 19 around the outer chambers 16, 21 and the walls 14 , 18, which, plugged into the seals 36 of the inner parts 32, 43, central and outer chambers 13, 16 and 20,
- Radial struts 60 which connect the outer wall rings 47 with the walls 14 and 18 respectively, can serve both to equalize the air flow in the outer chambers 13, 16 and thus to minimize flow losses as well as to stiffen the outer parts 45, 46.
- the outer wall rings 47 are provided with screw channels 48 which, in the assembled state of FIG. 12, extend the screw channels 34 of the inner parts 32, 43 so that the housing parts 32, 43, 45, 46 are fixed with the aid of screws inserted into the screw channels 34, 48 connected together and, if necessary, can also be attached to a base.
- the tubular walls 14, 18 extend axially beyond the outer wall rings 47 so that, if necessary, a pipe can be attached to them to increase the local separation of the air inlet and outlet.
- FIG. 16 An example of such a conduit 52 is shown partially cut away in FIG. 16.
- the chambers 13, 16 are axially extended, eg, as necessary, to, when the arrangement shown in Fig. 15 has been inserted from a first side into a wall opening, to reach the opposite side ; in a second section 54 projecting beyond this wall opening, the inner chamber 13 continues to extend axially, whereas the chamber 16 merges into a radially oriented tube section.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016013639.1A DE102016013639A1 (de) | 2016-11-16 | 2016-11-16 | Zweiflutige Strömungsmaschine |
PCT/EP2017/001301 WO2018091131A1 (de) | 2016-11-16 | 2017-11-09 | Zweiflutige strömungsmaschine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3542066A1 true EP3542066A1 (de) | 2019-09-25 |
EP3542066B1 EP3542066B1 (de) | 2024-05-22 |
Family
ID=60484320
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17805101.7A Active EP3542066B1 (de) | 2016-11-16 | 2017-11-09 | Zweiflutige strömungsmaschine |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3542066B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN210087660U (de) |
DE (1) | DE102016013639A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018091131A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102021110148A1 (de) | 2021-04-21 | 2022-10-27 | Ventomaxx Gmbh | Lüftungsvorrichtung, Wandventilatoreinsatz und zugehöriger Mauerkasten |
US11867201B2 (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2024-01-09 | Sanmina Corporation | Acoustic attenuation device |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH470587A (de) * | 1966-01-06 | 1969-03-31 | Baumann Ludwig | Raumventilator mit gleichzeitiger Förderung von Aussenluft in den Innenraum und von Innenraumluft nach aussen, insbesondere mit Zwischenverschluss |
DE1901361B2 (de) * | 1968-01-29 | 1972-09-14 | Baumann, Ludwig, Niederhelfenschwil, St. Gallen (Schweiz) | Raumventilator mit gleichzeitiger foerderung von zugluft und fortluft, insbesondere mit absperroganenfuer beide luftstroeme |
DE2720569A1 (de) * | 1977-05-07 | 1978-11-09 | Pollrich Paul Gmbh & Co | Vorrichtung zur be- und entlueftung von raeumen und/oder zur durchfuehrung der lufterneuerung bei prozesstechnischen anlagen |
DE102008031084B4 (de) | 2008-07-01 | 2012-10-25 | Horst Hinterneder | Axialgebläse |
KR102120183B1 (ko) * | 2013-06-19 | 2020-06-08 | 한온시스템 주식회사 | 팬쉬라우드 조립체 |
DE102014118210B4 (de) | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-30 | Ebm-Papst St. Georgen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Mehrflutige Strömungsmaschine |
-
2016
- 2016-11-16 DE DE102016013639.1A patent/DE102016013639A1/de active Pending
-
2017
- 2017-11-09 WO PCT/EP2017/001301 patent/WO2018091131A1/de unknown
- 2017-11-09 EP EP17805101.7A patent/EP3542066B1/de active Active
- 2017-11-09 CN CN201790001366.8U patent/CN210087660U/zh active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN210087660U (zh) | 2020-02-18 |
DE102016013639A1 (de) | 2018-05-17 |
EP3542066B1 (de) | 2024-05-22 |
WO2018091131A1 (de) | 2018-05-24 |
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