EP3540178A1 - Stützvorrichtung zur stabilisierung von unterirdischen hohlräumen, insbesondere tunneln, sowie bergbauöffnungen - Google Patents

Stützvorrichtung zur stabilisierung von unterirdischen hohlräumen, insbesondere tunneln, sowie bergbauöffnungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3540178A1
EP3540178A1 EP18161850.5A EP18161850A EP3540178A1 EP 3540178 A1 EP3540178 A1 EP 3540178A1 EP 18161850 A EP18161850 A EP 18161850A EP 3540178 A1 EP3540178 A1 EP 3540178A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
supporting
supporting device
compression body
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18161850.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3540178B1 (de
Inventor
Prof. Dr. Kalman Kovári
Patrick Steiner
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Solexperts AG
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Solexperts AG
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Priority to EP18161850.5A priority Critical patent/EP3540178B1/de
Priority to JP2019045612A priority patent/JP6938555B2/ja
Publication of EP3540178A1 publication Critical patent/EP3540178A1/de
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Publication of EP3540178B1 publication Critical patent/EP3540178B1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/05—Lining with building materials using compressible insertions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/30—Bases for lower arch members

Definitions

  • the object of the invention relates to a device serving for stabilising underground cavities.
  • the device is preferably used in poor rock exhibiting low strength, and possibly situated under elevated overburden. In such cases squeezing phenomena may occur resulting in great deformation and/or in high rock pressure on the support elements.
  • a known procedure used in underground structures is stabilising the excavated cavity using a lining, i.e. using supporting means such as steel arches, sprayed concrete, anchors, and prefabricated concrete elements.
  • the profile of the excavated cavity in squeezing rock has a tendency to narrow. Hindering this with linings and other known supporting means may result in large pressure acting on them. However, by allowing the rock to deform in a controlled way, the pressure will diminish.
  • I beams also known as H beams, consisting of two flanges and a web
  • Hoek, E. and Guevara, R. proposed a solution in "Overcoming squeezing in the Yacambu-Quibor Tunnel, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Vol. 42, No 2, 389-418 , publication pages 21 and 22.
  • An individual "steel arch” contains at least two segments serving as supporting parts, between which there is a contraction gap.
  • the two segments are connected to each other with straps ensuring a friction connection.
  • the task to be solved by the invention is the provision of a supporting device consisting in arched supporting beams used in underground cavities, especially tunnels and mining openings suitable for guaranteeing secure support by overcoming at least one or more of the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular the disadvantages of the supporting device detailed above even in the case of significant rock deformation or rock pressure.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that if a high-strength compression body with a substantial deformation ability is placed between the two beam elements of an arched supporting beam, in addition to the occurrence of the desired deformation, significant resistance of support against movements can be ensured, which can be adjusted in accordance with the prevailing requirements.
  • the object of the invention relates to a supporting device for stabilising underground cavities, especially as well as mine adits and similar structures.
  • the invention is directed to a supporting device for stabilizing underground cavities, especially tunnels.
  • the supporting device has at least a first supporting beam and at least one compression body.
  • the compression body is arranged such that the supporting beam is able to move under load.
  • the compression body is made of a material with high strength and great permanent deformation ability.
  • High strength means a yield strength of at least 235 N/mm ⁇ 2, preferably at least 355 N/mm ⁇ 2.
  • Great permanent deformation ability means a yield-to-tensile ratio of at least 1.05, preferably a yield-to-tensile ratio of at least 1.08.
  • the yield-to tensile ratio is the ratio between the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength.
  • Such a compression body enables to have the supporting beam in an unloaded state positioned in a specific position and enables a movement of the supporting beam in direction of the compression body such that a hypothetic cross section of the cavity is reduced.
  • the supporting device may comprise at least a second supporting beam.
  • the supporting beams are formed by arched beam elements.
  • the arched beam elements are able to move under load towards each other.
  • the compression body is arranged between said arched beam elements.
  • Such a configuration enables to keep the distance between the arched beam elements without load and may be deformed under load.
  • the deformation enables the arched beam elements to alter its position and to move relatively to each other such that a hypothetic cross section of the tunnel is reduced.
  • the supporting device for stabilising underground cavities especially mine adits has at least a second supporting beam.
  • the first and the second supporting beams are fitted into or on the side walls of the underground cavity, preferably arranged essentially parallel to each other.
  • the at least one compression body is arranged between a ground of the underground cavity and the first supporting beam or between the first supporting beam and a roof or a roof element of the supporting device.
  • the supporting device preferably comprises a second compression body arranged between the ground of the underground cavity and the second supporting beam or between the supporting beam and a roof or a roof element of the supporting device. It is also possible to have more than one compression bodies arranged at the first supporting beam, e.g. one below the supporting beam and the ground and one between the supporting beam and the roof.
  • the compression body may contain a pipe.
  • the shape of a pipe is a preferred shape for the compression element.
  • the space inside of the pipe provides a huge amount of space for deformation of the pipe and thus for movement of the supporting beams.
  • the pipe may have a circular cross-section.
  • the circular cross section enables easy manufacturing of the supporting device. Furthermore, pipes with circular cross section are available premanufactured in several different dimensions.
  • the pipe may have a right-angled rectangular cross-section preferably with curved corners.
  • Such a pipe enables to provide a specific progression of force during the deformation process.
  • the sides of the pipe parallel to a longitudinal direction of the supporting beam are bent inwards in their middle range.
  • the wall thickness of the pipe can be selected in the range of 0.05 to 0.15 times the diameter of the circular cross-section pipe for circular pipes, and 0.05 to 0.15 times the beam-direction side length of the pipe with a right-angled rectangular cross-section for rectangular cross-section pipes.
  • the pipe can be fixed between load plates that are lateral, preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the supporting beam.
  • the ends of the supporting beams may be provided with face plates for closing off the ends of the supporting beams.
  • the load plates can be fixed to said face plates.
  • the pipe can be fixed directly to the face plate closing off the end of the supporting beam.
  • the supporting device may be provided as a single element.
  • the circular cross-section pipe can fit to the load plates along a flat surface.
  • a specific first position of the circular-cross-section pipe can be provided.
  • the input of the force into the circular-cross-section pipe can be specified.
  • the circular cross-section pipe can fit to the load plates along a curved surface of the load plates.
  • a specific first position of the circular-cross-section pipe can be provided.
  • the circular-cross-secion pipe can be held in this specific position.
  • the load plates loading the circular cross-section pipe can have protruding parts that come into contact with the external surface of the pipe at a distance on two sides from the longitudinal geometric centre plane of the pipe.
  • a specific first position of the circular-cross-section pipe can be provided.
  • the circular-cross-section pipe can be held in this specific position.
  • the input of the force into the circular-cross-section pipe can be specified.
  • the protruding parts can be wedge-shaped.
  • the input of the force into the circular-cross-section pipe can be specified.
  • the protruding parts may be hemispherical.
  • the input of the force into the circular-cross-section pipe can be specified.
  • the specific form of the protruding parts has in each case an influence onto the deformation of the compression body.
  • the protruding parts can be adjusted specifically.
  • the material of the compression body may be steel, preferably E355 quality steel.
  • E355 steel is a preferred steel which is typically used for manufacturing tubes. Hence, the tubes are available as premanufactured parts.
  • the supporting beams may be steel I-profile beams, also known as H beams, or steel pipes preferably with circular cross-section.
  • Such elements are available as premanufactured parts and are easy bendable into the arched form. Furthermore, they provide enough stability.
  • FIG. 1 a junction point of a tunnel support made from the arched steel I-profiles mentioned in the introduction is shown in figures 1 and 2 , where the two I-profiles a and b are connected to each other.
  • the I-profiles a and b are pressed between two encompassing steel straps d and e by bolts f .
  • friction forces are created between the surfaces of the straps and the I-profiles, which are exerted against the contraction of the gap c .
  • the tunnel support permits the rock mass surrounding the tunnel to deform while simultaneously exerting a supporting effect against it, the magnitude of which depends on the friction resistance.
  • This friction resistance is a function of the friction factor between the straps and the I-profiles, i.e. between steel and steel, as well as of the tension force created in the bolts.
  • the compression body 7 located between the tunnel beam elements 2 of the tunnel supporting device 1 according to the invention, which is subjected to a load caused by the deforming rock 5 must constantly shorten when a specified amount of pressure is reached exceeded as the width of the gap 6 is reduced. This shortening occurs as a consequence of the change of shape of the compression body 7 having a great deformation capacity. After the elastic limit of the material of the compression body 7 is exceeded, it must also have a great yielding capability. In addition the shape of the compression body 7 must be selected so that it is able to slightly rotate when there is simultaneous moment resistance between the beam elements 2. The device according to the invention is able to satisfy these requirements, as will be seen, by the appropriate selection of the material, size and geometric shape of the compression body 7.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show a region of the supporting device with the compression body 7 in the unloaded and loaded states, where the compressive force acting in the beam elements 2 and therefore on the compression body 7 is designated as N, and the height of the compression body 7 in unloaded state is designated as d and as d' in the loaded state.
  • FIG. 10 to 12 An embodiment of the compression body 7 has been shown in figures 10 to 12 , which is formed here by a circular cross-section, thick-walled steel pipe 8, or pipe member, and two, also steel, parallel load plates 9 placed opposite one another fixed to the pipe 8 by, for example, welding.
  • the beam elements 2 shown in figures 1 to 3 of the arched beams positioned longitudinally along the tunnel separated by spaces forming a part of the entire supporting device 1, are here shown in larger scale and in the case of this embodiment are arched steel I-profile beams, the ends of which are closed off with face plates 3, and are positioned at a distance from each other equal to the length h of the compression body 7, and so the gap 6 in figure 6 between the beam elements 2 is able to accommodate the entire compression body 7, which with the load plates 9, fits to the face plates 3 of the beam elements 2.
  • beam element is to be interpreted as broadly as possible, its cross-section shape may differ from the I shape, and compression bodies may be positioned between beam elements with a complex profile, such as between beam elements consisting of two or more I-profile beams.
  • the quality of the steel used is preferably E355, and the load plates 9 are also made of this material. In this way its tensile strength is 400 to 500 N/mm 2 and its plastic deformation may be 15 to 20%.
  • the load plates 9 can not only be modified with the depressions 11 according to figure 16 , instead they can be modified to have protruding parts 12 from the load plate 9 directed towards the pipe 8.
  • This theoretical possibility is illustrated in figure 17 , where the dimensions of the symbolic protruding parts 12, primarily the height m , and their distance n from the longitudinal centre plane Z passing through the geometric centre point K of the pipe 8, as well as their shape influence the force input.
  • the protruding parts 12 are positioned symmetrically to the centre plane Z, may be fixed to the latter by welding, for example.
  • the protruding parts 12 are wedge-shaped, with their inclined surfaces fitting up to the curved surface of the pipe 8.
  • the protruding parts 12 are hemispherical in shape.
  • protruding parts 12 of any shape and size must be viewed as being within the scope of protection of the invention.
  • the protruding parts 12 also have a role in preventing the pipe 8 from slipping apart, if a load creating such a force-component is exerted onto the beam.
  • Figures 22 and 23 show a compression body according to the invention designed with reference number 13.
  • the steel pipe 14 is rectangular preferably with rounded right-angled corners, and in this case its sides parallel to the longitudinal direction of the beam elements 2 created from steel I-profiles are bent inwards to a relatively small extent.
  • the ends of the beam elements 2 are closed off with flanged face plates 3, into which the load plates 9 fitted to the pipe 14 by welding, for example, are inserted.
  • the deformation of the pipe 14 may have two outcomes according to the selected shape of the tube.
  • Figure 24 illustrates the case when with the increase of the force P the centre, inward bending part of the pipe 14 is pressed outwards, and the two other side walls become dented inwards.
  • the two figures drawn on the graph illustrate this process well, at the end the pipe 14 is practically completely flattened between the beam elements 2, accordingly the two beam elements 2 can move towards one another, and behind them the desired movement of the rock mass becomes possible, as does the stabilising of the entire tunnel supporting device.
  • the compression body 15 illustrated in figure 26 differs from the compression body 7 shown in figures 10 to 12 in that here there are no load plates 9, instead their function is carried out directly by the face plates 3 closing off the ends of the beam elements 2 or I-profiles.
  • the advantage of the outward bulging of the pipe 14 according to figure 25 is that the pipe 14 is practically completely deformed, in other words the degree of approach of the beam elements 2 to each other and the shortening of the entire beam is at the maximum, as only two plates are resting on each other, however, the parts bulging out on the two sides may be not always be preferable with respect to the possible placement of other types of rock support (for example shotcrete) between two neighbouring beams.
  • rock support for example shotcrete
  • FIG 27 presents that the invention does not have to be only used for tunnels, it can be used as a supporting device for rock surrounding other underground spaces.
  • Figure 27 shows a mine adit 16, which has been driven into the rock 5.
  • the mine adit 16 has side walls and a roof 18 supported by them. Columns 17 are fitted into or on the side walls.
  • the forces exerted on the mine adit 16 are illustrated with the arrows P and p .
  • the supporting device is formed by the columns 17 and compression bodies 7 being placed under the columns 17.
  • the compression bodies 7 used here can be those as shown in figures 10-13 , the compression of which makes it possible for the roof 18 to move downwards, and for the mass of rock 5 above it to move, and so reduces the rock pressure on the mine edit 16.
  • the advantage of the invention is that it makes arched supporting beams or columns suitable for the desired deformation of the rock to take place, contrary to the friction-connected arched supporting beams presented in the introduction, it ensures a higher load-bearing capacity required to support the rock.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
EP18161850.5A 2018-03-14 2018-03-14 Stützvorrichtung zur stabilisierung von unterirdischen hohlräumen, insbesondere tunneln, sowie bergbauöffnungen Active EP3540178B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18161850.5A EP3540178B1 (de) 2018-03-14 2018-03-14 Stützvorrichtung zur stabilisierung von unterirdischen hohlräumen, insbesondere tunneln, sowie bergbauöffnungen
JP2019045612A JP6938555B2 (ja) 2018-03-14 2019-03-13 地下空洞、特にトンネルおよび坑口を安定させるための支持装置

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18161850.5A EP3540178B1 (de) 2018-03-14 2018-03-14 Stützvorrichtung zur stabilisierung von unterirdischen hohlräumen, insbesondere tunneln, sowie bergbauöffnungen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3540178A1 true EP3540178A1 (de) 2019-09-18
EP3540178B1 EP3540178B1 (de) 2021-08-25

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EP18161850.5A Active EP3540178B1 (de) 2018-03-14 2018-03-14 Stützvorrichtung zur stabilisierung von unterirdischen hohlräumen, insbesondere tunneln, sowie bergbauöffnungen

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EP (1) EP3540178B1 (de)
JP (1) JP6938555B2 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113073993A (zh) * 2021-04-16 2021-07-06 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院工程防护研究所 一种用于巷道装配式支护***的阻尼结构

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1018370B (de) * 1956-03-05 1957-10-31 Gerhard Caspers Dr Ing Grubenausbau
CH451233A (de) * 1966-06-24 1968-05-15 Lombardi Giovanni Ing Dr Nachgiebiger Tunnel- oder Stollenausbau
US5332334A (en) * 1992-02-21 1994-07-26 Ingenieure Mayreder, Kraus & Co. Consult Gesellschaft M.B.H. Tunnel wall with lining
US20050191138A1 (en) * 2004-02-16 2005-09-01 Kalman Kovari Method and device for stabilizing a cavity excavated in underground construction
EP2918772A2 (de) * 2014-03-14 2015-09-16 Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH&Co. Kg Ausbausystem für untertägige Tunnel oder Strecken

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1018370B (de) * 1956-03-05 1957-10-31 Gerhard Caspers Dr Ing Grubenausbau
CH451233A (de) * 1966-06-24 1968-05-15 Lombardi Giovanni Ing Dr Nachgiebiger Tunnel- oder Stollenausbau
US5332334A (en) * 1992-02-21 1994-07-26 Ingenieure Mayreder, Kraus & Co. Consult Gesellschaft M.B.H. Tunnel wall with lining
US20050191138A1 (en) * 2004-02-16 2005-09-01 Kalman Kovari Method and device for stabilizing a cavity excavated in underground construction
EP2918772A2 (de) * 2014-03-14 2015-09-16 Bochumer Eisenhütte Heintzmann GmbH&Co. Kg Ausbausystem für untertägige Tunnel oder Strecken

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HOEK, E.; GUEVARA, R., OVERCOMING SQUEEZING IN THE YACAMBU-QUIBOR TUNNEL, ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING, vol. 42, no. 2, pages 389 - 418

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113073993A (zh) * 2021-04-16 2021-07-06 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院工程防护研究所 一种用于巷道装配式支护***的阻尼结构

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Publication number Publication date
JP2019196694A (ja) 2019-11-14
JP6938555B2 (ja) 2021-09-22
EP3540178B1 (de) 2021-08-25

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