EP3532369A1 - Low-volume individual vehicle - Google Patents

Low-volume individual vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP3532369A1
EP3532369A1 EP17797702.2A EP17797702A EP3532369A1 EP 3532369 A1 EP3532369 A1 EP 3532369A1 EP 17797702 A EP17797702 A EP 17797702A EP 3532369 A1 EP3532369 A1 EP 3532369A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicle
vehicle according
pallet
column
pallets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17797702.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean Bajard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3532369A1 publication Critical patent/EP3532369A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62KCYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K3/00Bicycles
    • B62K3/002Bicycles without a seat, i.e. the rider operating the vehicle in a standing position, e.g. non-motorized scooters; non-motorized scooters with skis or runners
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62KCYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K15/00Collapsible or foldable cycles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M1/00Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles
    • B62M1/24Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with reciprocating levers, e.g. foot levers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M1/00Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles
    • B62M1/24Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with reciprocating levers, e.g. foot levers
    • B62M1/30Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with reciprocating levers, e.g. foot levers characterised by the use of intermediate gears
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M3/00Construction of cranks operated by hand or foot
    • B62M3/08Pedals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M3/00Construction of cranks operated by hand or foot
    • B62M3/16Accessories

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of individual vehicles. It relates more particularly to an individual vehicle foldable or compact for urban use and foldable to be transported as a wheeled suitcase.
  • Such a vehicle would be intended for travel in urban areas, over relatively short distances. Its top speed would be reduced compared to that of a conventional bicycle, in particular to allow its evolution on a sidewalk without breaking the regulations protecting pedestrians.
  • a maximum speed of the order of 12 to 15 km / h - or even 20 km / h on the road - may be considered suitable in these conditions, while being significantly faster than that of a pedestrian.
  • this vehicle would allow it to serve, more particularly, complementary mode of transport of another main mode: for example, to serve to reach a station twice as fast as at least - and at the cost of less effort, to be then embarked on a train, in compacted configuration and as luggage, then be reused on arrival of the train, either as a vehicle or possibly as a luggage rack, to finally reach a building , and be re-compacted to take an elevator and be housed for example in an office, given its reduced size.
  • this type of vehicle could also have other more specific uses, like vehicle and shopping cart on a golf course, or for the tourist walk, etc.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an individual vehicle not exhibiting, or little, at least one of the disadvantages presented above.
  • the derailleur also participates in increasing the overall size of the assembly, also creating entanglement difficulties in the event of proximity to another bicycle, by interpenetration with certain elements thereof ( pedals, brake handles, handlebars).
  • Vehicles with only two driving and steering wheels are also known, and the passenger controls his balance by leaning forward to cause acceleration of the vehicle and rearward to cause deceleration. These vehicles turn when a difference in rotational speed is created between the two wheels. These vehicles do not have a third wheel forming a lift polygon but require relatively large diameter wheels and electric propulsion which itself requires batteries and heavy enough bulky engines making it difficult to store them in a car trunk or handling in a building as towed luggage.
  • the document FR3020336 proposes a vehicle comprising an inverted T-shaped frame, comprising at least two drive and steering wheels, each provided with a brake, respectively disposed at the ends of the transverse branch of the T and a steering and steering control.
  • braking arranged in the part upper part of the central branch of the T, a wheel arranged to move freely supported by a wheel support, said wheel being off-axis with respect to the driving and steering wheels and forming with the latter the support polygon of the vehicle, at least one support for the passenger, said support being placed vertically to said support polygon, a propulsion device arranged to drive said wheels in rotation, a device capable of creating a speed differential between the two wheels.
  • This configuration provides the vehicle with a support polygon providing great stability and despite a very small size of the assembly including wheels.
  • the fact of having three points of support makes it possible to do without any inertial or gyroscopic effect to ensure the stability of the whole, even when stopped.
  • the vehicle also acquires a good cornering stability, since only the speed difference between the two wheels is controlled, the orientation of the vehicle is only the consequence of the turn produced by the difference in speed. .
  • the passenger support according to the invention may consist of a platform on which the passenger will stand if the vehicle is motorized, or pallets if it is not motorized.
  • the vehicle may be provided with other means of passenger support.
  • the present invention aims to overcome at least in part these disadvantages.
  • a wheeled individual vehicle comprising a T-shaped frame with a central branch, a transverse branch and a maneuvering column, said transverse branch comprising at its ends two drive wheels, characterized in that the central branch is arranged horizontally in rolling position, and comprises a wheel constituting a third rolling support, said vehicle further comprising two pallets, and a thruster, arranged capable of transmitting a force on the pallets, to create a driving torque at the driving wheels, said thruster comprising a rectifier module of direction to transform a alternating movement of the pallets in a continuous rotational movement of the drive wheels.
  • the center of gravity of the vehicle according to the invention is low, which allows greater stability during use, and the drive wheels being driven simultaneously regardless of the pallet on which the user supports, the stability is further improved.
  • said sense rectifier module may comprise two freewheels coupled so that an output gearwheel is always driven in the same direction, whatever the supported pallet, which constitutes an embodiment of the invention simple and robust, said vehicle may include a controllable differential allowing the driving wheels to be rotated at the same speed, to follow a rectilinear trajectory, or to turn at different speeds, to describe a curved trajectory, which improves the stability of the vehicle online right and in turns,
  • said maneuvering column may be foldable, allowing a small footprint of the vehicle for example for its transport or storage,
  • each pallet can cooperate with a cross structure configured to keep the pallet substantially horizontal orientation, which provides a better user comfort,
  • each pallet may comprise a main crank, which drives a front axle so that a descent of the pallet prints a rotation to said front axle, and an auxiliary crank attached by one end to the central arm, by the other end to the pallet, and in its center to the main crank, so as to form with the main crank said cross structure, the feet of the user therefore remain flat at all times, which is more comfortable and allows to use leg strength more effectively, with better stability,
  • said thruster may comprise a speed variator provided with a gearshift wheel, and said wheel may be disposed on said central branch in the vicinity of the pallets, so as to be operable by a user of the vehicle, so that the user can easily adapt the transmission ratio to the slope or type of terrain
  • said vehicle may comprise a means for locking the two pallets in the middle position, so as to form, if necessary with the aid of complementary plates, a substantially flat surface with the central branch, this making it possible to use the vehicle to transport a charge,
  • said caster may comprise a two-position fixing means, an operating position and a lowered position printing to the central branch a position inclined upwards towards the rear, this making it possible to use the vehicle as a carriage, with a better stability of the objects placed on said carriage,
  • said vehicle may comprise a parking brake provided with an actuator disposed on the frame, in order to immobilize the parked vehicle in a safe manner, and moreover to allow the vehicle in the raised position to be placed against a wall with the wheels locked, without risk of falling of the vehicle because of the free wheel rolling,
  • said vehicle may comprise at its transverse branch means for fixing a second column parallel to the maneuvering column, this making it possible to use the vehicle as a carriage that can be pushed.
  • the present invention also relates to a kit, comprising a vehicle according to the invention, a column adapted to be fixed parallel to the maneuvering column, and two plates intended to be placed on the two pallets in the middle position, to obtain a flat surface to level of the central branch.
  • the vehicle can be used alternately to transport a person, or as a carriage to carry a load.
  • FIG. 1 is a side perspective view of a vehicle according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the other side of the vehicle of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the vehicle of FIG. 1 in the folded position
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the vehicle of FIG. 1
  • Figure 5 is a top view, in perspective of the pallets of the vehicle of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 6 is a bottom view, in perspective of the pallets of the vehicle of FIG. 1
  • Figures 7 to 9 are views of a detail of the fixing of the vehicle pallets of FIG. 1,
  • the tricycle-type vehicle is intended for human individual transport and powered by the muscular force of a passenger boarded most often standing or substantially standing allowing him to rest on his legs, having the feet on two pallets 1, 2 moving vertically in reverse movements, the descent of a pallet 1, 2 causing the rise of the other and vice versa.
  • the propulsion is ensured by the alternating application of the weight of the passenger on one then the other of the two pallets 1 and 2 to cause the descent of the pallet 1, 2 in support, the amplitude of this descent may vary up to at an upper limit corresponding to a pallet support said "complete", supports of less amplitude, so-called "partial" being possible.
  • the vehicle comprises at the front two driving wheels and steering 3 and 4, non-steerable but associated with a controllable differential 5 allowing these wheels 3, 4 is to rotate at the same speed to follow a straight path (activated differential 5 blocked) or to rotate at different speeds, the difference in speeds being controlled by a turning device to describe a curved path (unlatched activated differential), or else to be disconnected from each other of the propulsion device (differential 5 disabled) to allow the disembarked passenger to pull behind the vehicle as rolling luggage on both wheels 3 and 4 become independent.
  • a wheel 6 lift is arranged at the rear of the vehicle.
  • Said vehicle further comprises a control handle 8.
  • This control handle 8 makes it possible, on the one hand, to perform a simultaneous general braking of the two wheels 3, 4, on the other hand to effect a differential braking of one or the other wheel 3, 4.
  • This differential braking produces a directional effect, braking a wheel 3, 4 preferentially. Its actuation first produces the release of the differential 5, to allow a different speed of the two wheels 3, 4. It can be superimposed on the general braking to obtain a slowdown effect during a turn.
  • the energy to provide to maintain its movement is low since it must balance only the rolling resistance, and the passenger has therefore not to produce that very little effort, and it has interest to do so by choosing the maximum development and making a succession of short partial supports, which then resembles stairs of low height.
  • the passenger can then be embarked while standing, or sitting in the case of a vehicle with a seat. Always on a horizontal ground and at constant linear speed but in curved trajectory, the passenger is subjected to the centrifugal force that it must balance by leaning slightly towards the inside of the bend made.
  • the guidance of the curved vehicle is effected by bending first to the side where it is desired to turn and restoring its balance by a suitable differential braking which produces a curvature of the trajectory and thus creates the centrifugal force of necessary balancing.
  • the standing position without being mandatory, is the best for such guidance.
  • the centrifugal force applies for the force of inertia, so that the passenger must, to maintain his balance, to lean - more or less slightly depending on the acceleration caused - forward to accelerate and backwards to brake, and therefore the upright position is preferable to give more fluidity to these developments.
  • This type of piloting is simple compared to that of many other commonly used materials, generally used for recreation, rolling stock or slippery.
  • the vehicle which is the subject of the invention comprises a T-shaped frame 10 (FIGS. 1 to 3) whose central branch 64, arranged substantially horizontally in the operating position, contains (FIGS .4 to 8) a drive module 12 whose elements move in alternate directions depending on whether the support is on one or the other of the two pallets 1 and 2 and a rectifier module direction 13.
  • the rectifier module of direction 13 is necessary since the engine supports are discontinuous and alternate directions, while the drive wheels 3, 4 must always turn in the same direction for the vehicle is driven continuously.
  • the direction of the rectifier module 13 may comprise two freewheels coupled so that for example an output gear wheel 14 is always driven in the same direction, regardless of the pallet 1, 2 in support, and that the pallet that goes back does not prevent the supporting pallet from producing its effect.
  • a first freewheel externally carries the output gearwheel 14 which is driven when this first freewheel is driving, while the second freewheel carries a gearwheel identical to the output gear 14 which meshes with the latter. Because of this meshing, the output gear wheels 14 and the gear wheels therefore always rotate in opposite directions and at the same speed.
  • the second freewheel linked to the gearwheel, then rotates freely in the non-driving direction, while inversely when the second freewheel is driving, the output gearwheel 14 remains driven in the same direction as before, but this time indirectly and through the gear wheel which is itself driven.
  • the sense rectifier module 13 may comprise an electronically controlled device and clutches transforming the alternating movement of the vanes into a continuous movement of the wheels 3, 4.
  • the transverse branch 65 of the frame 10 is disposed horizontally in the normal operating position of the vehicle. It has housed two half-shafts driving the wheels 3 and 4 and the controllable differential 5 to which these half-shafts are connected, which differential 5 comprises a drive wheel 18 cooperating by meshing with the output gear 14.
  • differential 5 comprises a drive wheel 18 cooperating by meshing with the output gear 14.
  • Said transverse branch also comprises a bilateral and unilateral braking module grouping together the elements associated with the handle 8 for braking, steering and steering control of the differential 5, in particular cylinders of the pistons of two disc brakes whose disks 62 are associated with the two wheels 3 and 4.
  • a bilateral and unilateral braking module grouping together the elements associated with the handle 8 for braking, steering and steering control of the differential 5, in particular cylinders of the pistons of two disc brakes whose disks 62 are associated with the two wheels 3 and 4.
  • the vehicle according to the invention comprises a double articulated crank device 101 located between the central branch 64 of the frame 10 and the pallet 1, 2 which is attached thereto.
  • the double articulated crank device 101 is formed of a main crank 102 and an auxiliary crank 103.
  • the auxiliary crank 103 is supported on one side of the main crank 102 at a fixed point of the frame 10, and maneuvers the pallet 1, 2 which is on the other side of the main crank 102, articulating on a main axis 104 carried by the latter that it crosses and frames.
  • a first end of the main crank 102 is integral in rotation with a front axle 105 close to the transverse branch 65 of the frame 10 and parallel to it.
  • the front axle 105 drives an inner crank 106 forming part of the thruster.
  • the second end of the main hand crank 102 located towards rear of the frame 10, carries a rear axis 107, parallel to the front axis 105, which is fitted on the pallet 1, 2.
  • the auxiliary crank 103 is articulated in rotation around the main axis 104 passing through the main crank 102 in the vicinity of the middle thereof.
  • the central portion of the auxiliary crank 103 forms a rigid rectangular central frame composed, on three of its sides, of a U-shaped part surrounding the main crank 102 below it, and on its fourth side, a cylinder which is the main axis 104 passing through the main crank 102.
  • This central frame is extended, on the side of the frame 10, a rear wing 108 parallel to the main crank 102 and deployed in the direction of the rear axis 107 on which the pallet 1, 2 is fitted, and on the opposite side that is to say on the side of the pallet 1, 2, a front wing 109 similar to the rear wing 108 but deployed this time towards the front axle 105.
  • the necessary rigidity of the central frame is provided by a welded assembly of the cylinder forming the main axis 104, at its two ends, on the rest of the central frame. This welding to be performed after assembling the cranks 102 and 103, the assembly 101 resulting is not removable and must be used as a single piece articulated.
  • the wings 109 and 108 have near their ends lights intended to receive rollers 110.
  • the light of the rear wing 108 cooperates with a fixed roller 10 (hidden by its support in FIG 5), integral with the frame 10, and that of the front wing 109 cooperates with another roller 1 10 disposed at the front of the pallet.
  • the geometry of the assembly is made such that when the main crank 102 rotates about the front axle 105, the pallet 1, 2 which is held in its rear part by the rear axle 107 and in its front part by the roller 1 10 cooperating with the front wing 109, always remains oriented substantially in the same direction.
  • This pallet 1, 2 can not move, both vertically as regards the angle it forms with the horizontal, as under the action of a movement of the double crank 101 associated with it.
  • connection between the double crank 101 and the inner crank 106 is advantageously completed by the fitting of a pin secured to the main crank 102 inside a housing arranged in the inner crank 106.
  • the stud passes through the wall of the frame 10 in a light 1 1 1 created in this effect, the arrangement of the various elements leading to this light 1 1 1 is reduced in size and does not affect the rigidity of the frame 10.
  • a clamping screw ensures the correct fitting of the nipple in its housing. To allow the introduction or removal of the thruster, this screw must be removed, and the assembly formed by the double crank 101 and its pallet 1, 2 must be spaced from the frame 10 by a few millimeters, until the stud no longer protrudes inside the frame 10, leaving the free passage for the displacement of the thruster.
  • the folding column 9 of steering and braking can be lightened and simplified by rotating it in a block around a vertical axis by creating at its base a sufficiently large and robust rotating bearing, itself secured to the branch
  • the rotation of this rotating column when vertical, causes directional braking by lifting in the direction of rotation one or the other of two brake levers located in the central just under the axis of the column, and the rear support on the handle located at the top of the column causes retarder braking by lowering an inner rod to the column, which is directly press on two brake bodies which are secured to one another relative to the 'other.
  • the column 9 comprises a telescopic fitting allowing to adjust at will the height of the handle 8.
  • the inner support rod is free as the braking retarder is not actuated, and regardless of the height of the handle.
  • the lowering of the handle initially causes a jamming by jamming, according to a conventional process, between the support rod and a movable plate vertically and secured to the handle. Once this arcboutement realized and in a second time, the lowering complementary handle pulls down the rod and causes braking. This simple device intervenes and whatever the height of the handle.
  • a horizontal axis joint allows its folding towards the rear of the vehicle.
  • This column has near its base a movable arm 1 12, one end having a finger 1 13 can be manceuvrée foot, arm which serves to maintain the column in its two extreme positions, namely the upright position and the folded position, according to the following process:
  • the vehicle according to the invention can also be transformed into luggage trolley.
  • the same operation of deactivating the differential 5 and decoupling of the two wheels 3, 4 is carried out, but as in luggage rack configuration the steering column remains erect, this operation is caused this time by a simple manual control .
  • the vehicle-trolley object of the invention is pushed with one hand to the using the steering column and braking remained erect, and with the other hand using a second column (which is the first element of a conversion kit luggage rack) which is removable and foldable as the first, to which it is parallel.
  • the direction of travel is reversed depending on whether the subject of the invention is in a vehicle or trolley configuration.
  • the same wheel 6 is lowered relative to the frame 10 so that it can rotate freely over a complete revolution while remaining constantly below the frame 10. This lowering is facilitated by a mounting allowing a fast (almost instantaneous) passage from a high position of said wheel 6 (in the vehicle configuration) to a low position which is that of the carriage configuration.
  • Lowering the wheel 6 causes the creation of an angular gap between the frame 10 and the road, and the two columns are slightly bent behind the direction of travel for the truck, which helps to stabilize the luggage on board who come to rely on the said columns.
  • a platform capable of supporting luggage is made on the one hand by mounting on each pallet 1, 2 (by simply engaging in housings provided for this purpose in pallets 1, 2) a removable auxiliary support plate of which two copies complete the conversion kit luggage rack, and secondly by blocking the pallets 1, 2 in height in a central position such that the top of the support plates is in the plane of the upper face of the frame 10
  • a set of sufficiently spaced coplanar supports including the upper face of the frame 10 and the upper ends of the two auxiliary support plates
  • the locking pallets 1, 2 in the middle position where they are both at the same height is performed by turning a screw permanently present for this purpose under each pallet 1, 2, and which is engaged in a small housing dug in their respective main cranks 102.
  • This screw blocks indirectly (through the pallet 1, 2) the auxiliary crank 103 against its main crank 102, which fixes the height of the pallet 1, 2. All that is required is a screw engaged under a pallet 1, 2 so that the height of the two pallets 1, 2 is fixed at the same time to the proper level.
  • the vehicle according to the invention comprises a parking brake, operable foot. It uses the wheel brakes and their clamping mechanism producing retarder braking.
  • a lever acts on the stop against which the brake bodies rest when they are at rest, that is to say when the retarder braking is not actuated.
  • the lever actuated by a pressure of the user's foot which moves it downwards, slightly pushes this stop, which locks the brakes sufficiently to prevent the wheels 3, 4 from turning in the parking, this clamping being maintained as long as the lever remains engaged in a notch that prevents it from going up.
  • a new foot action allows to release the lever of this notch, releasing the braking parking.
  • This feature makes it possible in particular, when the machine is in luggage configuration, to put the frame 10 in an almost vertical position and to press its uppermost part against a wall without the compacted vehicle falling back due to the free rotation of the vehicle. its wheels 3, 4 (which are then disconnected from the thruster and free to turn), as soon as the parking brake is actuated.
  • the parking brake facilitates the holding in vertical position by the user of the vehicle which has become luggage resting on its two wheels 3, 4.
  • the vehicle object of the invention may be provided, optionally, a saddle (not shown) supported on the central branch 64 of the frame 10.
  • a saddle (not shown) supported on the central branch 64 of the frame 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an individual vehicle with wheels comprising a T-shaped frame (10) with a central arm (64), a transverse arm (65) and a steering column (9), said transverse arm (65) comprising two driving wheels (3, 4) at the ends thereof. The central arm (64) is arranged to be horizontal in a rolling position, and comprises a small wheel (6) constituting a third rolling support, said vehicle further comprising two vanes (1, 2), and a propeller (12, 13), arranged to be capable of transmitting a force to the pallets (1, 2), to create an engine torque at the driving wheels (3, 4), said propeller (12, 13) comprising a direction rectifying module (13) enabling conversion of the alternating movement of the vanes (1, 2) into one continuous rotating movement of the driving wheels (3, 4).

Description

Véhicule individuel de faible encombrement  Individual vehicle with small footprint
La présente invention se situe dans le domaine des véhicules individuels. Elle concerne plus particulièrement un véhicule individuel pliable ou de faible encombrement pour un usage urbain et pliable pour pouvoir le transporter comme une valise à roulettes. The present invention is in the field of individual vehicles. It relates more particularly to an individual vehicle foldable or compact for urban use and foldable to be transported as a wheeled suitcase.
On connaît l'essor remarquable de la bicyclette comme moyen de transport individuel et comme instrument de sport et de loisir, ainsi que la grande variété des modèles proposés. On connaît en particulier les tentatives effectuées par beaucoup de fabricants en vue de concevoir des modèles de bicyclettes pliantes et/ou de faible encombrement, plus ou moins facilement logeables dans un coffre de voiture automobile par exemple. Mais de tels efforts sont condamnés à ne donner que des résultats limités, du point de vue de la compacité et de la facilité de manipulation des bicyclettes pliées, pour plusieurs raisons : la trop grande taille des roues parfois, l'encombrement et la propension à l'enchevêtrement du système de propulsion (pédales, pédalier, chaîne, pignons) ainsi que du guidon et des manettes de frein. De plus ces modèles pliants, lorsqu'ils sont compacts et ont de petites roues, sont peu stables et également peu rigides du fait de leurs moyens de pliage, ce qui réduit leur agrément et leur sécurité d'utilisation. Tous ces éléments expliquent aisément que le marché ouvert à ces modèles pliants et/ou de faible encombrement de bicyclette reste relativement limité. Cette limitation subsiste s'agissant de modèles à propulsion principalement ou exclusivement électrique, à cause du poids élevé des batteries.  The remarkable growth of the bicycle as a means of individual transport and as an instrument of sport and leisure is well known, as well as the great variety of models proposed. In particular, we know the attempts made by many manufacturers to design folding bicycle models and / or small footprint, more or less easily housed in a car trunk for example. But such efforts are doomed to give only limited results, from the point of view of the compactness and ease of handling of bicycles folded, for several reasons: the excessive size of the wheels sometimes, the clutter and propensity to the entanglement of the propulsion system (pedals, pedals, chain, sprockets) as well as handlebars and brake levers. In addition these folding models, when compact and have small wheels, are unstable and also inflexible because of their folding means, which reduces their approval and their safety of use. All these elements easily explain that the market open to these folding models and / or small bicycle footprint remains relatively limited. This limitation remains in the case of mainly or exclusively electric propulsion models, because of the high weight of the batteries.
Un besoin existe donc pour un véhicule de transport individuel conçu spécifiquement - contrairement à une bicyclette classique - en vue d'ajouter à sa fonctionnalité de base consistant à transporter son passager, celle d'avoir un faible encombrement et éventuellement de pouvoir se transformer en un bagage individuel à main aisément transportable car relativement léger, compact et capable de roulage comme le sont les valises à roulettes. Un tel véhicule pourrait donc adopter soit une configuration dite " normale " ou " de route ", soit une configuration compactée dite " de bagage roulable " permettant de le loger facilement et sans risque d'enchevêtrement avec les objets voisins, dans un espace exigu tel qu'un coffre de voiture par exemple. Une troisième fonctionnalité, celle de pouvoir servir à transporter d'autres bagages plus ou moins lourds et encombrants, pourrait même, éventuellement, être ajoutée aux deux autres dans une telle conception aux objectifs plus globaux. There is therefore a need for a specifically designed personal transport vehicle - unlike a conventional bicycle - to add to its basic functionality of carrying its passenger, that of having a small footprint and possibly being able to transform into a passenger car. individual luggage hand easily transportable because relatively light, compact and capable of rolling as are the suitcases on wheels. Such a vehicle could therefore adopt either a so-called "normal" or "road" configuration, or a compacted configuration called "rolling luggage" to accommodate it easily and without risk of entanglement with neighboring objects, in a small space such like a car trunk for example. A third feature, that of being able to be used to carry other luggage more or less heavy and bulky, could even possibly be added to the other two in such a design to more global objectives.
Typiquement, un tel véhicule serait destiné à des déplacements en zone urbaine, sur de relativement courtes distances. Sa vitesse de pointe serait réduite par rapport à celle d'une bicyclette classique, pour permettre notamment son évolution sur un trottoir sans enfreindre la réglementation protégeant les piétons. Une vitesse maximale de l'ordre de 12 à 15 km/h - ou même 20 km/h sur route - peut être jugée convenable dans ces conditions, tout en étant significativement plus rapide que celle d'un piéton. L'ensemble des caractéristiques de ce véhicule lui permettrait donc de servir, plus particulièrement, de mode de transport complémentaire d'un autre mode principal : par exemple, servir à rejoindre une gare deux fois plus rapidement qu'à pied - au moins - et au prix d'un moindre effort, pour être ensuite embarqué dans un train, en configuration compactée et en tant que bagage, puis être réutilisé à l'arrivée du train, soit comme véhicule, soit éventuellement comme porte bagages, pour finalement atteindre un immeuble, et y être re-compacté pour prendre un ascenseur et être logé par exemple dans un bureau, vu son encombrement réduit. Mais ce type de véhicule pourrait aussi avoir d'autres usages plus spécifiques, comme véhicule et caddie sur un terrain de golf, ou pour la promenade touristique, etc.. Enfin, si il est choisi de le mouvoir exclusivement par la force musculaire de l'utilisateur, il n'entraînerait évidemment aucune pollution, alors que son poids resterait limité du fait de l'absence de batteries. Bien entendu si dans une configuration moins favorable il est équipé d'un ou plusieurs moteurs électriques pour soulager ou remplacer l'effort de l'utilisateur l'avantage du poids limité perd de sa pertinence mais n'exclut pas que le véhicule conserve son caractère compact ou pliable pour peu que le choix du ou des moteurs et des batteries se porte sur des modèles eux-mêmes compacts, l'architecture avantageuse du véhicule selon l'invention étant par ailleurs pour le reste conservée.  Typically, such a vehicle would be intended for travel in urban areas, over relatively short distances. Its top speed would be reduced compared to that of a conventional bicycle, in particular to allow its evolution on a sidewalk without breaking the regulations protecting pedestrians. A maximum speed of the order of 12 to 15 km / h - or even 20 km / h on the road - may be considered suitable in these conditions, while being significantly faster than that of a pedestrian. All the characteristics of this vehicle would allow it to serve, more particularly, complementary mode of transport of another main mode: for example, to serve to reach a station twice as fast as at least - and at the cost of less effort, to be then embarked on a train, in compacted configuration and as luggage, then be reused on arrival of the train, either as a vehicle or possibly as a luggage rack, to finally reach a building , and be re-compacted to take an elevator and be housed for example in an office, given its reduced size. But this type of vehicle could also have other more specific uses, like vehicle and shopping cart on a golf course, or for the tourist walk, etc. Finally, if it is chosen to move it exclusively by the muscular force of the user, it would obviously cause no pollution, while its weight would be limited because of the absence of batteries. Of course if in a less favorable configuration it is equipped with one or more electric motors to relieve or replace the effort of the user the advantage of the limited weight loses its relevance but does not exclude that the vehicle retains its character compact or collapsible provided that the choice of or engines and batteries is carried on models themselves compact, the advantageous architecture of the vehicle according to the invention being otherwise retained for the rest.
Un objet de la présente invention est de proposer un véhicule individuel ne présentant pas, ou peu, au moins l'un des inconvénients présentés ci-dessus. An object of the present invention is to provide an individual vehicle not exhibiting, or little, at least one of the disadvantages presented above.
En outre, une limitation particulière rencontrée dans la conception des modèles existants de bicyclettes pliantes de faible encombrement vient de leur mode de propulsion (le mode classique à pédalier et chaîne) et à leur dispositif de changement de vitesse (dérailleur). Car plus on cherche à réduire l'encombrement global du modèle en réduisant le diamètre de ses roues, plus il faut en compensation augmenter la taille de son pédalier, de sorte qu'il devient impossible, dans ces conditions, de réduire cet encombrement en dessous d'un seuil limite. In addition, a particular limitation encountered in the design of existing models of compact folding bicycles comes from their mode of propulsion (the classic pedal and chain mode) and their gearshift device (derailleur). Because the more we try to reduce the overall size of the model by reducing the diameter of its wheels, the more it is necessary to compensate increase the size of its crankset, so that it becomes impossible, in these conditions, to reduce this size below a threshold limit.
Ce point pourra être mieux compris à partir d'ordres de grandeurs concrets.This point can be better understood from orders of concrete quantities.
Avec une roue motrice dont le diamètre est réduit à 20 cm environ (ou 8 pouces), un tour de roue par seconde donne au véhicule la vitesse de 2,26 km/heure. Il faut donc 6 tours de roue par seconde pour atteindre un objectif de vitesse de 2,26 x 6 = 13,6 km/heure. Avec un propulseur classique à pédalier, si cette vitesse est obtenue à la cadence d'un tour de pédalier par seconde, et si le pignon de chaîne entraînant la roue comporte 12 dents (valeur usuelle), le pédalier doit comporter 6 x 12 = 72 dents. Avec une chaîne formée de maillons de 12,7 mm, valeur courante, ce pédalier aurait un diamètre de 29 cm, soit à peu près une fois et demie celui des roues : le gain de taille par réduction du diamètre des roues se perd en augmentation de taille du pédalier. With a drive wheel whose diameter is reduced to about 20 cm (or 8 inches), one wheel revolution per second gives the vehicle the speed of 2.26 km / hour. It takes 6 turns per second to reach a speed target of 2.26 x 6 = 13.6 km / hour. With a conventional thruster pedal, if this speed is obtained at the rate of one revolution per second, and if the sprocket driving the wheel has 12 teeth (usual value), the crankset must have 6 x 12 = 72 teeth. With a chain of links of 12.7 mm, current value, this pedal has a diameter of 29 cm, about one and a half times that of the wheels: the size gain by reducing the diameter of the wheels is lost in increase size of the crankset.
Pour ce qui est du dérailleur, il participe lui aussi à augmenter l'encombrement de l'ensemble, en créant en outre des difficultés d'enchevêtrement en cas de proximité d'une autre bicyclette, par interpénétration avec certains éléments de celle-ci (pédales, poignées de frein, guidon).  With regard to the derailleur, it also participates in increasing the overall size of the assembly, also creating entanglement difficulties in the event of proximity to another bicycle, by interpenetration with certain elements thereof ( pedals, brake handles, handlebars).
On connaît aussi des véhicules comportant seulement deux roues motrices et directrices, et où le passager contrôle son équilibre en se penchant vers l'avant pour provoquer l'accélération du véhicule et vers l'arrière pour provoquer sa décélération. Ces véhicules virent lorsqu'est créée une différence de vitesse de rotation entre les deux roues. Ces véhicules ne comportent pas de troisième roue formant un polygone de sustentation mais nécessitent des roues d'un diamètre relativement important et une propulsion électrique qui exige elle-même des batteries et des moteurs assez lourds et encombrants rendant difficile leur rangement dans un coffre de voiture ou la manipulation dans un immeuble comme bagage tracté. Vehicles with only two driving and steering wheels are also known, and the passenger controls his balance by leaning forward to cause acceleration of the vehicle and rearward to cause deceleration. These vehicles turn when a difference in rotational speed is created between the two wheels. These vehicles do not have a third wheel forming a lift polygon but require relatively large diameter wheels and electric propulsion which itself requires batteries and heavy enough bulky engines making it difficult to store them in a car trunk or handling in a building as towed luggage.
Le document FR3020336 propose un véhicule comportant un bâti en forme de T inversé, comportant au moins deux roues motrices et directrices, chacune munie d'un frein, disposées respectivement aux extrémités de la branche transversale du T et d'une commande de direction et de freinage disposée dans la partie supérieure de la branche centrale du T, une roulette agencée pour s'orienter librement portée par un support de roulette, ladite roulette étant désaxée par rapport aux roues motrices et directrices et formant avec ces dernières le polygone de sustentation du véhicule, au moins un support pour le passager, ledit support étant placé à la verticale dudit polygone de sustentation, un dispositif de propulsion agencé pour entraîner en rotation lesdites roues, un dispositif apte à créer un différentiel de vitesse entre les deux roues. The document FR3020336 proposes a vehicle comprising an inverted T-shaped frame, comprising at least two drive and steering wheels, each provided with a brake, respectively disposed at the ends of the transverse branch of the T and a steering and steering control. braking arranged in the part upper part of the central branch of the T, a wheel arranged to move freely supported by a wheel support, said wheel being off-axis with respect to the driving and steering wheels and forming with the latter the support polygon of the vehicle, at least one support for the passenger, said support being placed vertically to said support polygon, a propulsion device arranged to drive said wheels in rotation, a device capable of creating a speed differential between the two wheels.
Cette configuration assure au véhicule un polygone d'appui procurant une grande stabilité et ce en dépit d'une taille très réduite de l'ensemble et notamment des roues. Le fait d'avoir trois points d'appuis permet en effet de se passer de tout effet inertiel ou gyroscopique pour assurer la stabilité de l'ensemble, même à l'arrêt.  This configuration provides the vehicle with a support polygon providing great stability and despite a very small size of the assembly including wheels. The fact of having three points of support makes it possible to do without any inertial or gyroscopic effect to ensure the stability of the whole, even when stopped.
Grâce à ces dispositions, le véhicule acquiert en outre une bonne stabilité en virage, du fait que seule la différence de vitesse entre les deux roues est pilotée, l'orientation du véhicule n'est que la conséquence du virage produit par la différence de vitesse.  Thanks to these provisions, the vehicle also acquires a good cornering stability, since only the speed difference between the two wheels is controlled, the orientation of the vehicle is only the consequence of the turn produced by the difference in speed. .
Le support du passager selon l'invention peut consister en une plateforme sur laquelle le passager se tiendra debout si le véhicule est motorisé, ou en des palettes s'il n'est pas motorisé. Bien entendu ces exemples ne sont pas limitatifs et le véhicule peut être doté d'autres moyens de support du passager.  The passenger support according to the invention may consist of a platform on which the passenger will stand if the vehicle is motorized, or pallets if it is not motorized. Of course these examples are not limiting and the vehicle may be provided with other means of passenger support.
Toutefois, dans cet agencement, la formation d'un polygone de sustentation nécessaire à l'équilibre du passager embarqué requiert la présence d'une roulette simplement sustentatrice, rattachée au bâti par l'intermédiaire d'un support qui doit être repliable pour convertir le véhicule en un bagage compact. Cette conversion nécessite en outre, pour que la compacité maximale soit atteinte, que les palettes soient relevées par le passager pour les mettre dans le gabarit défini par le bâti en Té.  However, in this arrangement, the formation of a levitation polygon necessary for the balance of the onboard passenger requires the presence of a simple wheel lift, attached to the frame via a support that must be foldable to convert the vehicle in a compact luggage. This conversion also requires, for the maximum compactness is reached, that the pallets are raised by the passenger to put them in the template defined by the T-frame.
La présente invention a pour objet de pallier au moins en partie ces inconvénients. A cet effet, elle propose un véhicule individuel à roues comportant un bâti en forme de T avec une branche centrale, une branche transversale et une colonne de manœuvre, ladite branche transversale comportant en ses extrémités deux roues motrices, caractérisé en ce que la branche centrale est disposée horizontale en position de roulage, et comporte une roulette constituant un troisième appui roulant, ledit véhicule comportant en outre deux palettes, et un propulseur, agencé apte à transmettre un effort sur les palettes, pour créer un couple moteur au niveau des roues motrices, ledit propulseur comportant un module redresseur de sens permettant de transformer un mouvement alterné des palettes en un mouvement de rotation continue des roues motrices. The present invention aims to overcome at least in part these disadvantages. For this purpose, it proposes a wheeled individual vehicle comprising a T-shaped frame with a central branch, a transverse branch and a maneuvering column, said transverse branch comprising at its ends two drive wheels, characterized in that the central branch is arranged horizontally in rolling position, and comprises a wheel constituting a third rolling support, said vehicle further comprising two pallets, and a thruster, arranged capable of transmitting a force on the pallets, to create a driving torque at the driving wheels, said thruster comprising a rectifier module of direction to transform a alternating movement of the pallets in a continuous rotational movement of the drive wheels.
Grâce à ces dispositions, le centre de gravité du véhicule selon l'invention est bas, ce qui permet une plus grande stabilité lors de son utilisation, et les roues motrices étant entraînées simultanément quelque soit la palette sur laquelle appuie l'utilisateur, la stabilité est encore améliorée.  Thanks to these provisions, the center of gravity of the vehicle according to the invention is low, which allows greater stability during use, and the drive wheels being driven simultaneously regardless of the pallet on which the user supports, the stability is further improved.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques :  According to other characteristics:
ledit module redresseur de sens peut comporter deux roues libres couplées de telle sorte qu'une roue dentée de sortie est toujours entraînée dans le même sens, quelle que soit la palette en appui, ce qui constitue un mode de réalisation de l'invention simple et robuste, ledit véhicule peut comporter un différentiel pilotable permettant aux roues motrices soit de tourner à la même vitesse, pour suivre une trajectoire rectiligne, soit de tourner à des vitesses différentes, pour décrire une trajectoire incurvée, ce qui améliore la stabilité du véhicule en ligne droite et dans les virages,  said sense rectifier module may comprise two freewheels coupled so that an output gearwheel is always driven in the same direction, whatever the supported pallet, which constitutes an embodiment of the invention simple and robust, said vehicle may include a controllable differential allowing the driving wheels to be rotated at the same speed, to follow a rectilinear trajectory, or to turn at different speeds, to describe a curved trajectory, which improves the stability of the vehicle online right and in turns,
ladite colonne de manœuvre peut être rabattable, permettant un faible encombrement du véhicule par exemple pour son transport ou son rangement,  said maneuvering column may be foldable, allowing a small footprint of the vehicle for example for its transport or storage,
chaque palette peut coopérer avec une structure en croix configurée pour conserver à la palette son orientation sensiblement horizontale, ce qui procure un meilleur confort d'utilisation,  each pallet can cooperate with a cross structure configured to keep the pallet substantially horizontal orientation, which provides a better user comfort,
chaque palette peut comporter une manivelle principale, qui entraine un axe avant de sorte qu'une descente de la palette imprime une rotation audit axe avant, et une manivelle auxiliaire fixée par l'une de ses extrémités à la branche centrale, par l'autre extrémité à la palette, et en son centre à la manivelle principale, de sorte à former avec la manivelle principale ladite structure en croix, les pieds de l'utilisateur restent donc bien à plat à tout moment, ce qui est plus confortable et permet d'utiliser plus efficacement la force des jambes, avec une meilleure stabilité, ledit propulseur peut comporter un variateur de vitesse muni d'une molette de changement de vitesse, et ladite molette être disposée sur ladite branche centrale au voisinage des palettes, de sorte à être actionnable au pied par un utilisateur du véhicule, ainsi l'utilisateur peut facilement adapter le rapport de transmission à la pente ou au type de terrain, each pallet may comprise a main crank, which drives a front axle so that a descent of the pallet prints a rotation to said front axle, and an auxiliary crank attached by one end to the central arm, by the other end to the pallet, and in its center to the main crank, so as to form with the main crank said cross structure, the feet of the user therefore remain flat at all times, which is more comfortable and allows to use leg strength more effectively, with better stability, said thruster may comprise a speed variator provided with a gearshift wheel, and said wheel may be disposed on said central branch in the vicinity of the pallets, so as to be operable by a user of the vehicle, so that the user can easily adapt the transmission ratio to the slope or type of terrain,
ledit véhicule peut comporter un moyen de blocage des deux palettes en position médiane, de sorte à former, le cas échéant avec l'aide de plaques complémentaires, une surface sensiblement plane avec la branche centrale, ceci permettant d'utiliser le véhicule pour transporter une charge,  said vehicle may comprise a means for locking the two pallets in the middle position, so as to form, if necessary with the aid of complementary plates, a substantially flat surface with the central branch, this making it possible to use the vehicle to transport a charge,
ladite roulette peut comporter un moyen de fixation à deux positions, une position de fonctionnement et une position surbaissée imprimant à la branche centrale une position inclinée vers le haut vers l'arrière, ceci permettant d'utiliser le véhicule comme un chariot, avec une meilleure stabilité des objets posés sur ledit chariot,  said caster may comprise a two-position fixing means, an operating position and a lowered position printing to the central branch a position inclined upwards towards the rear, this making it possible to use the vehicle as a carriage, with a better stability of the objects placed on said carriage,
ledit véhicule peut comporter un frein de parking muni d'un actionneur disposé sur le bâti, afin d'immobiliser le véhicule en stationnement d'une manière sûre, et par ailleurs de permettre au véhicule en position relevée de pouvoir être adossé à un mur avec les roues bloquées, sans risque de chute du véhicule du fait du roulement libre des roues,  said vehicle may comprise a parking brake provided with an actuator disposed on the frame, in order to immobilize the parked vehicle in a safe manner, and moreover to allow the vehicle in the raised position to be placed against a wall with the wheels locked, without risk of falling of the vehicle because of the free wheel rolling,
ledit véhicule peut comporter au niveau de sa branche transversale un moyen de fixation d'une deuxième colonne parallèle à la colonne de manœuvre, ceci permettant d'utiliser le véhicule comme un chariot qui peut être poussé.  said vehicle may comprise at its transverse branch means for fixing a second column parallel to the maneuvering column, this making it possible to use the vehicle as a carriage that can be pushed.
La présente invention concerne également un kit, comportant un véhicule selon l'invention, une colonne apte à se fixer parallèlement à la colonne de manœuvre, et deux plaques destinées à se placer sur les deux palettes en position médiane, pour obtenir une surface plane à niveau de la branche centrale.  The present invention also relates to a kit, comprising a vehicle according to the invention, a column adapted to be fixed parallel to the maneuvering column, and two plates intended to be placed on the two pallets in the middle position, to obtain a flat surface to level of the central branch.
Grâce à ces dispositions, le véhicule peut être utilisé alternativement pour transporter une personne, ou comme chariot pour transporter une charge.  With these provisions, the vehicle can be used alternately to transport a person, or as a carriage to carry a load.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée d'un exemple de réalisation qui suit faite en référence aux figures annexées dans lesquelles la figure 1 est une vue en perspective de côté d'un véhicule selon l'invention, The present invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description of an exemplary embodiment which follows with reference to the appended figures in which FIG. 1 is a side perspective view of a vehicle according to the invention,
la figure 2 est une vue en perspective de l'autre côté du véhicule de la fig. 1 ,  FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the other side of the vehicle of FIG. 1,
- la figure 3 est une vue en perspective du véhicule de la fig. 1 en position replié,  FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the vehicle of FIG. 1 in the folded position,
la figure 4 est une vue en perspective éclatée du véhicule de la fig. 1 , la figure 5 est une vue de dessus, en perspective des palettes du véhicule de la fig. 1 ,  FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the vehicle of FIG. 1, Figure 5 is a top view, in perspective of the pallets of the vehicle of FIG. 1,
- la figure 6 est une vue de dessous, en perspective des palettes du véhicule de la fig. 1  - Figure 6 is a bottom view, in perspective of the pallets of the vehicle of FIG. 1
les figures 7 à 9 sont des vues d'un détail de la fixation des palettes du véhicule de la fig. 1 ,  Figures 7 to 9 are views of a detail of the fixing of the vehicle pallets of FIG. 1,
La description qui suit est faite avec l'exemple représenté dans les fig. 1 à 9 mais n'en limite aucunement la portée, qui est définie dans les revendications.  The following description is made with the example shown in FIGS. 1 to 9 but in no way limits the scope, which is defined in the claims.
Le véhicule de type tricycle selon le mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention est destiné au transport individuel humain et propulsé par la force musculaire d'un passager embarqué le plus souvent en position debout ou sensiblement debout lui permettant de prendre appui sur ses jambes, en ayant les pieds posés sur deux palettes 1 , 2 mobiles verticalement selon des mouvements inversés, la descente d'une palette 1 , 2 provoquant la remontée de l'autre et inversement. La propulsion est assurée par l'application alternée du poids du passager sur l'une puis l'autre des deux palettes 1 et 2 pour provoquer la descente de la palette 1 , 2 en appui, l'amplitude de cette descente pouvant varier jusqu'à une limite supérieure correspondant à un appui de palette dit " complet ", des appuis de moindre amplitude, dits " partiels ", étant possibles. Le véhicule comporte à l'avant deux roues motrices et directrices 3 et 4, non orientables mais associées à un différentiel pilotable 5 permettant à ces roues 3, 4 soit de tourner à la même vitesse pour suivre une trajectoire rectiligne (différentiel 5 activé bloqué), soit de tourner à des vitesses différentes, la différence des vitesses étant contrôlée par un dispositif de virage pour décrire une trajectoire incurvée (différentiel activé débloqué), soit encore d'être désolidarisées l'une et l'autre du dispositif de propulsion (différentiel 5 désactivé) pour permettre au passager débarqué de tirer derrière lui le véhicule en tant que bagage roulant sur les deux roues 3 et 4 devenues indépendantes. Une roulette 6 sustentatrice est disposée à l'arrière du véhicule. The tricycle-type vehicle according to the preferred embodiment of the invention is intended for human individual transport and powered by the muscular force of a passenger boarded most often standing or substantially standing allowing him to rest on his legs, having the feet on two pallets 1, 2 moving vertically in reverse movements, the descent of a pallet 1, 2 causing the rise of the other and vice versa. The propulsion is ensured by the alternating application of the weight of the passenger on one then the other of the two pallets 1 and 2 to cause the descent of the pallet 1, 2 in support, the amplitude of this descent may vary up to at an upper limit corresponding to a pallet support said "complete", supports of less amplitude, so-called "partial" being possible. The vehicle comprises at the front two driving wheels and steering 3 and 4, non-steerable but associated with a controllable differential 5 allowing these wheels 3, 4 is to rotate at the same speed to follow a straight path (activated differential 5 blocked) or to rotate at different speeds, the difference in speeds being controlled by a turning device to describe a curved path (unlatched activated differential), or else to be disconnected from each other of the propulsion device (differential 5 disabled) to allow the disembarked passenger to pull behind the vehicle as rolling luggage on both wheels 3 and 4 become independent. A wheel 6 lift is arranged at the rear of the vehicle.
Ledit véhicule comporte en outre une poignée de commande 8. Cette poignée de commande 8 permet d'une part d'effectuer un freinage général simultané des deux roues 3, 4, d'autre part d'effectuer un freinage différentiel de l'une ou l'autre roue 3, 4. Ce freinage différentiel produit un effet directionnel, en freinant une roue 3, 4 de façon préférentielle. Son actionnement produit tout d'abord le déblocage du différentiel 5, pour permettre une vitesse différente des deux roues 3, 4. Il peut se superposer au freinage général pour obtenir un effet de ralentissement pendant un virage.  Said vehicle further comprises a control handle 8. This control handle 8 makes it possible, on the one hand, to perform a simultaneous general braking of the two wheels 3, 4, on the other hand to effect a differential braking of one or the other wheel 3, 4. This differential braking produces a directional effect, braking a wheel 3, 4 preferentially. Its actuation first produces the release of the differential 5, to allow a different speed of the two wheels 3, 4. It can be superimposed on the general braking to obtain a slowdown effect during a turn.
Le développement dudit véhicule - défini comme la distance parcourue par le véhicule pour un appui complet de palette - est réglable de manière continue entre deux limites selon la position donnée à une molette de commande 7, ce afin de faciliter la montée de pentes plus ou moins fortes. Avec ce type de propulsion, l'effort fourni par le passager est proche de celui développé pour monter une échelle verticale ou un escalier. En effet, lorsque le véhicule propulsé avance sur le sol, le passager embarqué, qui avance à la même vitesse que le véhicule, reste donc immobile par rapport à ce dernier, et lorsque un appui commence sur une palette 1 , 2, celle-ci s'enfonce alors que l'autre palette 2, 1 s'élève et la dépasse bientôt en hauteur, ce qui permet au passager de « monter » ensuite sur cette autre palette 2, 1 devenue la plus haute, et ainsi de suite. Chaque nouvel appui constitue donc l'équivalent de la montée d'un barreau à l'autre sur une échelle verticale, ou encore de la montée d'une marche d'escalier, la hauteur de cette marche variant selon le moment où le passager décide de changer d'appui, dans la limite de l'appui complet évoqué plus haut. The development of said vehicle - defined as the distance traveled by the vehicle for a full pallet support - is continuously adjustable between two limits according to the position given to a control wheel 7, in order to facilitate the rise of slopes more or less strong. With this type of propulsion, the effort provided by the passenger is close to that developed to mount a vertical ladder or a staircase. Indeed, when the propelled vehicle advances on the ground, the passenger embarking, which advances at the same speed as the vehicle, therefore remains motionless with respect to the latter, and when a support begins on a pallet 1, 2, it sinks while the other pallet 2, 1 rises and soon exceeds in height, allowing the passenger to "climb" then on the other pallet 2, 1 became the highest, and so on. Each new support is therefore the equivalent of the climb from one rung to the next on a vertical ladder, or the rise of a step, the height of this walk varies depending on when the passenger decides to change support, within the limits of the full support mentioned above.
Lorsque le véhicule, préalablement lancé, roule en ligne droite et à vitesse constante sur un sol horizontal, l'énergie à fournir pour entretenir son mouvement est faible puisqu'elle ne doit équilibrer que les résistances au roulement, et le passager n'a donc à produire que très peu d'effort, et il a intérêt à le faire en choisissant le développement maximum et en faisant une succession d'appuis partiels courts, ce qui ressemble alors à des marches d'escalier de faible hauteur. Le passager peut alors être embarqué en position debout, ou assise dans le cas d'un véhicule doté d'un siège. Toujours sur un sol horizontal et à vitesse linéaire constante mais en trajectoire courbe, le passager est soumis à la force centrifuge qu'il doit équilibrer en se penchant légèrement vers l'intérieur du virage effectué. En fait, le guidage du véhicule en courbe s'effectue en se penchant d'abord du côté où l'on veut virer et en rétablissant son équilibre par un freinage différentiel approprié qui produit une courbure de la trajectoire et crée donc la force centrifuge d'équilibrage nécessaire. La position debout, sans être obligatoire, est la meilleure pour un tel guidage. Dans les phases de forte accélération et décélération du véhicule, ce qui vient d'être dit pour la force centrifuge s'applique pour la force d'inertie, de sorte que le passager doit, pour maintenir son équilibre, se pencher - plus ou moins légèrement selon les accélérations provoquées - vers l'avant pour accélérer et vers l'arrière pour freiner, et par conséquent la position debout est préférable pour donner plus de fluidité à ces évolutions. Ce type de pilotage reste simple par rapport à celui de nombreux autres matériels couramment répandus, généralement utilisés pour les loisirs, matériels roulants ou glissants. When the vehicle, previously launched, rolls in a straight line and at a constant speed on a horizontal ground, the energy to provide to maintain its movement is low since it must balance only the rolling resistance, and the passenger has therefore not to produce that very little effort, and it has interest to do so by choosing the maximum development and making a succession of short partial supports, which then resembles stairs of low height. The passenger can then be embarked while standing, or sitting in the case of a vehicle with a seat. Always on a horizontal ground and at constant linear speed but in curved trajectory, the passenger is subjected to the centrifugal force that it must balance by leaning slightly towards the inside of the bend made. In fact, the guidance of the curved vehicle is effected by bending first to the side where it is desired to turn and restoring its balance by a suitable differential braking which produces a curvature of the trajectory and thus creates the centrifugal force of necessary balancing. The standing position, without being mandatory, is the best for such guidance. In the phases of strong acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle, what has just been said for the centrifugal force applies for the force of inertia, so that the passenger must, to maintain his balance, to lean - more or less slightly depending on the acceleration caused - forward to accelerate and backwards to brake, and therefore the upright position is preferable to give more fluidity to these developments. This type of piloting is simple compared to that of many other commonly used materials, generally used for recreation, rolling stock or slippery.
Le véhicule objet de l'invention comprend un bâti 10 en forme de Té (fig. 1 à 3) dont la branche centrale 64, disposée sensiblement horizontalement en position de fonctionnement, contient (fig. 4 à 8) un module variateur 12 dont les éléments se meuvent dans des sens alternés selon que l'appui se fait sur l'une ou l'autre des deux palettes 1 et 2 et un module redresseur de sens 13. Le module redresseur de sens 13 est nécessaire puisque les appuis moteurs sont discontinus et de sens alternés, alors que les roues motrices 3, 4 doivent toujours tourner dans le même sens pour que le véhicule soit entraîné en continu. The vehicle which is the subject of the invention comprises a T-shaped frame 10 (FIGS. 1 to 3) whose central branch 64, arranged substantially horizontally in the operating position, contains (FIGS .4 to 8) a drive module 12 whose elements move in alternate directions depending on whether the support is on one or the other of the two pallets 1 and 2 and a rectifier module direction 13. The rectifier module of direction 13 is necessary since the engine supports are discontinuous and alternate directions, while the drive wheels 3, 4 must always turn in the same direction for the vehicle is driven continuously.
Le module redresseur de sens 13 peut comporter deux roues libres couplées de telle sorte que par exemple une roue dentée de sortie 14 est toujours entraînée dans le même sens, quelle que soit la palette 1 , 2 en appui, et que la palette qui remonte n'empêche pas la palette en appui de produire son effet.  The direction of the rectifier module 13 may comprise two freewheels coupled so that for example an output gear wheel 14 is always driven in the same direction, regardless of the pallet 1, 2 in support, and that the pallet that goes back does not prevent the supporting pallet from producing its effect.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier du module redresseur de sens 13, une première roue libre porte extérieurement la roue dentée de sortie 14 qui est entraînée lorsque cette première roue libre est entraînante, alors que la deuxième roue libre porte une roue d'engrenage identique à la roue dentée de sortie 14 et qui engrène avec cette dernière. Du fait de cet engrènement, les roues dentées de sortie 14 et d'engrenage tournent donc toujours dans des sens opposés et à la même vitesse. Il en résulte que lorsque la roue dentée de sortie 14 est entraînée directement par la première roue libre, la deuxième roue libre, liée à la roue d'engrenage, tourne alors librement dans le sens non entraînant, alors qu'inversement lorsque la deuxième roue libre est entraînante, la roue dentée de sortie 14 reste entraînée dans le même sens que précédemment, mais cette fois indirectement et par l'intermédiaire de la roue d'engrenage qui est elle-même entraînée. According to a particular embodiment of the sense rectifier module 13, a first freewheel externally carries the output gearwheel 14 which is driven when this first freewheel is driving, while the second freewheel carries a gearwheel identical to the output gear 14 which meshes with the latter. Because of this meshing, the output gear wheels 14 and the gear wheels therefore always rotate in opposite directions and at the same speed. As a result, when the output gear wheel 14 is driven directly by the first freewheel, the second freewheel, linked to the gearwheel, then rotates freely in the non-driving direction, while inversely when the second freewheel is driving, the output gearwheel 14 remains driven in the same direction as before, but this time indirectly and through the gear wheel which is itself driven.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le module redresseur de sens 13 peut comporter un dispositif à commande électronique et embrayages transformant le mouvement alterné des palettes en un mouvement continu des roues 3, 4.  According to another embodiment, the sense rectifier module 13 may comprise an electronically controlled device and clutches transforming the alternating movement of the vanes into a continuous movement of the wheels 3, 4.
La branche transversale 65 du bâti 10 est disposée horizontalement en position normale de fonctionnement du véhicule. On y a logé deux demi-arbres entraînant les roues 3 et 4 ainsi que le différentiel pilotable 5 auquel ces demi-arbres sont reliés, lequel différentiel 5 comporte une roue d'entraînement 18 coopérant par engrènement avec la roue dentée de sortie 14. Un exemple de réalisation d'un tel différentiel est décrit dans la demande de brevet FR3020336. The transverse branch 65 of the frame 10 is disposed horizontally in the normal operating position of the vehicle. It has housed two half-shafts driving the wheels 3 and 4 and the controllable differential 5 to which these half-shafts are connected, which differential 5 comprises a drive wheel 18 cooperating by meshing with the output gear 14. A example of realization of such a differential is described in the patent application FR3020336.
Ladite branche transversale comporte également un module de freinage bilatéral et unilatéral regroupant les éléments associés à la poignée 8 de commande de freinage, de direction, et de pilotage du différentiel 5, dont en particulier des cylindres des pistons de deux freins à disques dont les disques 62 sont associés aux deux roues 3 et 4. Un exemple de réalisation d'un tel module est décrit dans la demande de brevet FR3020336.  Said transverse branch also comprises a bilateral and unilateral braking module grouping together the elements associated with the handle 8 for braking, steering and steering control of the differential 5, in particular cylinders of the pistons of two disc brakes whose disks 62 are associated with the two wheels 3 and 4. An embodiment of such a module is described in the patent application FR3020336.
Le véhicule selon l'invention comporte un dispositif de manivelle double articulée 101 situé entre la branche centrale 64 du bâti 10 et la palette 1 , 2 qui lui est rattachée. Le dispositif de manivelle double articulée 101 est formé d'une manivelle principale 102 et d'une manivelle auxiliaire 103. La manivelle auxiliaire 103 prend appui d'un côté de la manivelle principale 102 en un point fixe du bâti 10, et manœuvre la palette 1 , 2 qui se trouve de l'autre côté de la manivelle principale 102, en s'articulant sur un axe principal 104 porté par cette dernière qu'elle traverse et encadre.  The vehicle according to the invention comprises a double articulated crank device 101 located between the central branch 64 of the frame 10 and the pallet 1, 2 which is attached thereto. The double articulated crank device 101 is formed of a main crank 102 and an auxiliary crank 103. The auxiliary crank 103 is supported on one side of the main crank 102 at a fixed point of the frame 10, and maneuvers the pallet 1, 2 which is on the other side of the main crank 102, articulating on a main axis 104 carried by the latter that it crosses and frames.
Une première extrémité de la manivelle principale 102 est solidaire en rotation d'un axe avant 105 proche de la branche transversale 65 du bâti 10 et parallèle à celle-ci. L'axe avant 105 entraîne une manivelle intérieure 106 faisant partie du propulseur. La seconde extrémité de la manivelle principale 102, située vers l'arrière du bâti 10, porte un axe arrière 107, parallèle à l'axe avant 105, sur lequel est emmanché la palette 1 , 2. A first end of the main crank 102 is integral in rotation with a front axle 105 close to the transverse branch 65 of the frame 10 and parallel to it. The front axle 105 drives an inner crank 106 forming part of the thruster. The second end of the main hand crank 102, located towards rear of the frame 10, carries a rear axis 107, parallel to the front axis 105, which is fitted on the pallet 1, 2.
La manivelle auxiliaire 103 est articulée en rotation autour de l'axe principal 104 traversant la manivelle principale 102 au voisinage du milieu de celle-ci. La partie centrale de la manivelle auxiliaire 103 forme un cadre central rectangulaire rigide composé, sur trois de ses côtés, d'une pièce en U entourant la manivelle principale 102 au dessous de celle-ci, et sur son quatrième côté, d'un cylindre qui constitue l'axe principal 104 traversant la manivelle principale 102. Ce cadre central est prolongé, du côté du bâti 10, d'une aile arrière 108 parallèle à la manivelle principale 102 et se déployant en direction de l'axe arrière 107 sur lequel la palette 1 , 2 est emmanchée, et du côté opposé c'est-à-dire du côté de la palette 1 , 2, d'une aile avant 109 analogue à l'aile arrière 108 mais déployée cette fois en direction de l'axe avant 105.  The auxiliary crank 103 is articulated in rotation around the main axis 104 passing through the main crank 102 in the vicinity of the middle thereof. The central portion of the auxiliary crank 103 forms a rigid rectangular central frame composed, on three of its sides, of a U-shaped part surrounding the main crank 102 below it, and on its fourth side, a cylinder which is the main axis 104 passing through the main crank 102. This central frame is extended, on the side of the frame 10, a rear wing 108 parallel to the main crank 102 and deployed in the direction of the rear axis 107 on which the pallet 1, 2 is fitted, and on the opposite side that is to say on the side of the pallet 1, 2, a front wing 109 similar to the rear wing 108 but deployed this time towards the front axle 105.
La nécessaire rigidité du cadre central est assurée par un assemblage soudé du cylindre formant l'axe principal 104, en ses deux extrémités, sur le reste du cadre central. Cette soudure devant être réalisée après l'assemblage des manivelles 102 et 103, l'ensemble 101 qui en résulte n'est pas démontable et doit être utilisé comme une pièce unique articulée.  The necessary rigidity of the central frame is provided by a welded assembly of the cylinder forming the main axis 104, at its two ends, on the rest of the central frame. This welding to be performed after assembling the cranks 102 and 103, the assembly 101 resulting is not removable and must be used as a single piece articulated.
Les ailes 109 et 108 comportent près de leurs extrémités des lumières destinées à recevoir des galets 1 10. La lumière de l'aile arrière 108 coopère avec un galet 1 10 fixe (masqué par son support sur la fig. 5), solidaire du bâti 10, et celle de l'aile avant 109 coopère avec un autre galet 1 10 disposé à l'avant de la palette. La géométrie de l'ensemble est réalisée de telle sorte que lorsque la manivelle principale 102 tourne autour de l'axe avant 105, la palette 1 , 2 qui est tenue en sa partie arrière par l'axe arrière 107 et en sa partie avant par le galet 1 10 coopérant avec l'aile avant 109, reste toujours orientée sensiblement dans la même direction. Cette palette 1 , 2 ne peut se déplacer, tant verticalement qu'en ce qui concerne l'angle qu'elle forme avec l'horizontale, que sous l'action d'un mouvement de la manivelle double 101 qui lui est associée.  The wings 109 and 108 have near their ends lights intended to receive rollers 110. The light of the rear wing 108 cooperates with a fixed roller 10 (hidden by its support in FIG 5), integral with the frame 10, and that of the front wing 109 cooperates with another roller 1 10 disposed at the front of the pallet. The geometry of the assembly is made such that when the main crank 102 rotates about the front axle 105, the pallet 1, 2 which is held in its rear part by the rear axle 107 and in its front part by the roller 1 10 cooperating with the front wing 109, always remains oriented substantially in the same direction. This pallet 1, 2 can not move, both vertically as regards the angle it forms with the horizontal, as under the action of a movement of the double crank 101 associated with it.
La liaison entre la manivelle double 101 et la manivelle intérieure 106, déjà réalisée par leurs solidarisations respectives avec l'axe avant 105, est avantageusement complétée par l'emmanchement d'un téton solidaire de la manivelle principale 102 à l'intérieur d'un logement aménagé dans la manivelle intérieure 106. Le téton traverse la paroi du bâti 10 dans une lumière 1 1 1 créée à cet effet, la disposition des différents éléments conduisant à ce que cette lumière 1 1 1 soit de taille réduite et n'affecte pas la rigidité du bâti 10. The connection between the double crank 101 and the inner crank 106, already achieved by their respective fastenings with the front axle 105, is advantageously completed by the fitting of a pin secured to the main crank 102 inside a housing arranged in the inner crank 106. The stud passes through the wall of the frame 10 in a light 1 1 1 created in this effect, the arrangement of the various elements leading to this light 1 1 1 is reduced in size and does not affect the rigidity of the frame 10.
Une vis de serrage assure le bon encastrement du téton dans son logement. Pour permettre l'introduction ou le retrait du propulseur, cette vis doit être retirée, et l'ensemble formé par la manivelle double 101 et sa palette 1 , 2 doit être écarté du bâti 10 de quelques millimètres, jusqu'à ce que le téton ne dépasse plus à l'intérieur du bâti 10, laissant alors le passage libre pour le déplacement du propulseur.  A clamping screw ensures the correct fitting of the nipple in its housing. To allow the introduction or removal of the thruster, this screw must be removed, and the assembly formed by the double crank 101 and its pallet 1, 2 must be spaced from the frame 10 by a few millimeters, until the stud no longer protrudes inside the frame 10, leaving the free passage for the displacement of the thruster.
Ces dispositions assurent une parfaite liaison entre le propulseur situé à l'intérieur du bâti 10, et les éléments extérieurs à celui-ci, en les reliant doublement.  These provisions ensure a perfect connection between the thruster located inside the frame 10, and the elements outside thereof, by connecting them doubly.
Un exemple de réalisation d'un tel propulseur d'une part, et de la transmission des mouvements et des efforts vers le différentiel 5, du module variateur 12 et du module redresseur de sens 13 d'autre part est décrit dans la demande de brevet FR3020336.  An exemplary embodiment of such a thruster on the one hand, and the transmission of movements and forces towards the differential 5, of the drive module 12 and the sense rectifier module 13, on the other hand, is described in the patent application. FR3020336.
Avantageusement, la colonne 9 rabattable de direction et freinage peut être allégée et simplifiée en la faisant tourner en bloc autour d'un axe vertical moyennant la création à sa base d'un palier tournant suffisamment large et robuste, lui-même solidarisé avec la branche transversale du bâti 10. La rotation de cette colonne tournante, lorsqu'elle est verticale, provoque le freinage directionnel en soulevant selon le sens de la rotation l'un ou l'autre de deux leviers de freins situés dans la centrale juste sous l'axe de la colonne, et l'appui arrière sur la poignée située en sommet de colonne provoque le freinage ralentisseur en abaissant une tige intérieure à la colonne, qui vient appuyer directement sur deux corps de freins qui sont solidarisés l'un par rapport à l'autre.  Advantageously, the folding column 9 of steering and braking can be lightened and simplified by rotating it in a block around a vertical axis by creating at its base a sufficiently large and robust rotating bearing, itself secured to the branch The rotation of this rotating column, when vertical, causes directional braking by lifting in the direction of rotation one or the other of two brake levers located in the central just under the axis of the column, and the rear support on the handle located at the top of the column causes retarder braking by lowering an inner rod to the column, which is directly press on two brake bodies which are secured to one another relative to the 'other.
La colonne 9 comporte un emmanchement télescopique permettant de régler à volonté la hauteur de la poignée 8. La tige intérieure d'appui est libre tant que le freinage ralentisseur n'est pas actionné, et quelle que soit la hauteur de la poignée. L'abaissement arrière de la poignée provoque dans un premier temps un arcboutement par coincement, selon un processus classique, entre la tige d'appui et une plaque mobile verticalement et solidaire de la poignée. Une fois cet arcboutement réalisé et dans un second temps, l'abaissement complémentaire de la poignée abaisse la tige et provoque le freinage. Ce dispositif simple intervient ainsi quel que soit la hauteur de la poignée. The column 9 comprises a telescopic fitting allowing to adjust at will the height of the handle 8. The inner support rod is free as the braking retarder is not actuated, and regardless of the height of the handle. The lowering of the handle initially causes a jamming by jamming, according to a conventional process, between the support rod and a movable plate vertically and secured to the handle. Once this arcboutement realized and in a second time, the lowering complementary handle pulls down the rod and causes braking. This simple device intervenes and whatever the height of the handle.
A la base de la colonne de direction et freinage, une articulation d'axe horizontal permet son rabattage vers l'arrière du véhicule. Cette colonne comporte près de sa base un bras mobile 1 12 dont une extrémité comportant un doigt 1 13 peut être manceuvrée au pied, bras qui sert au maintien de la colonne dans ses deux positions extrêmes, à savoir la position dressée et la position rabattue, selon le processus suivant :  At the base of the steering column and braking, a horizontal axis joint allows its folding towards the rear of the vehicle. This column has near its base a movable arm 1 12, one end having a finger 1 13 can be manceuvrée foot, arm which serves to maintain the column in its two extreme positions, namely the upright position and the folded position, according to the following process:
En partant de la position rabattue, le redressement de la colonne - vers le haut et vers l'avant - se fait jusqu'à ce qu'elle se trouve en butée contre un élément du palier tournant qui se trouve à sa base. Elle se trouve ainsi bloquée vers l'avant, alors qu'en même temps le bras mobile se déplace, sous l'action d'un ressort, jusqu'à s'engager devant un autre élément du palier qui bloque la colonne vers l'arrière, empêchant son rabattement. La colonne est alors positionnée fermement pour assurer ses fonctionnalités de direction et freinage.  Starting from the folded position, the straightening of the column - upwards and forwards - is done until it is in abutment against an element of the rotating bearing which is at its base. It is thus locked forward, while at the same time the movable arm moves, under the action of a spring, to engage in front of another element of the bearing which blocks the column towards the back, preventing its folding. The column is then positioned firmly to provide its steering and braking features.
Pour rabattre la colonne, il suffit d'un appui au pied sur l'extrémité A du bras pour que soit débloqué le rabattage de la colonne vers l'arrière. Quand celle-ci aura atteint sa butée en position rabattue, le bras viendra se mettre dans une position empêchant de relever la colonne. De là, une nouvelle action effectuée au pied sur le bras par son doigt 1 13 pourra débloquer la colonne et autoriser son relèvement.  To fold down the column, just a foot support on the end of the arm to unlock the folding of the column backwards. When it reaches its stop in the folded position, the arm will come into a position to prevent raising the column. From there, a new action performed at the foot on the arm by his finger 1 13 can unblock the column and allow its recovery.
De cette façon, la conversion entre véhicule et bagage est facilitée au maximum et peut s'opérer quasi instantanément.  In this way, the conversion between vehicle and luggage is facilitated to the maximum and can be done almost instantly.
Lorsque la colonne arrive en bout de course lors de son rabattement, elle agit sur le différentiel piloté 5 en provoquant l'écartement, par rapport à l'axe des roues 3, 4, du pignon planétaire 43 du différentiel 5, jusqu'à ce que ce pignon 43 ne touche plus les pignons entraînant les deux arbres de roue. De ce fait, les deux roues 3, 4 deviennent indépendantes l'une de l'autre et peuvent tourner librement lorsque le véhicule est tiré en tant que bagage. Inversement, le relèvement de la colonne entraîne le rapprochement du pignon planétaire 43 des deux pignons de roue, et la réactivation du différentiel 5 s'effectue en même temps que les roues 3, 4 redeviennent couplées au propulseur. Ces opérations se passent automatiquement et sont donc complètement transparentes pour le passager. When the column reaches the end of its stroke when it is folded down, it acts on the controlled differential 5 causing the spacing of the planet gear 43 of the differential 5 relative to the axis of the wheels 3, 4, until that pinion 43 no longer touches the pinions driving the two axle shafts. As a result, the two wheels 3, 4 become independent of one another and can rotate freely when the vehicle is pulled as luggage. Conversely, raising the column brings the planetary gear 43 closer to the two wheel gears, and the reactivation of the differential 5 is performed at the same time that the wheels 3, 4 become coupled to the thruster. These operations happen automatically and are therefore completely transparent to the passenger.
Le véhicule selon l'invention peut aussi se transformer en chariot porte-bagage. Dans ce but, la même opération de désactivation du différentiel 5 et de découplage des deux roues 3, 4 est réalisée, mais comme en configuration de porte-bagage la colonne de direction reste dressée, cette opération est provoquée cette fois par une commande manuelle simple.  The vehicle according to the invention can also be transformed into luggage trolley. For this purpose, the same operation of deactivating the differential 5 and decoupling of the two wheels 3, 4 is carried out, but as in luggage rack configuration the steering column remains erect, this operation is caused this time by a simple manual control .
En outre, comme l'usager d'un chariot normal pousse celui-ci devant lui, en se servant d'une barre située à hauteur de mains, le véhicule-chariot objet de l'invention est poussé d'une main à l'aide de la colonne de direction et freinage restée dressée, et de l'autre main à l'aide d'une seconde colonne (qui constitue le premier élément d'un kit de conversion en porte-bagage) qui est amovible et rabattable comme la première, à laquelle elle est parallèle.  In addition, as the user of a normal carriage pushes it in front of him, using a bar located at height of hands, the vehicle-trolley object of the invention is pushed with one hand to the using the steering column and braking remained erect, and with the other hand using a second column (which is the first element of a conversion kit luggage rack) which is removable and foldable as the first, to which it is parallel.
Le sens de la marche est inversé selon que l'objet de l'invention se trouve en configuration de véhicule ou de chariot. Pour permettre à la roulette 6 arrière de devenir la roulette avant du chariot porte-bagage, cette même roulette 6 est abaissée par rapport au bâti 10 pour qu'elle puisse tourner librement sur un tour complet en restant constamment au-dessous du bâti 10. Cet abaissement est facilité par un montage permettant un passage rapide (quasi instantané) d'une position haute de ladite roulette 6 (dans la configuration de véhicule) à une position basse qui est celle de la configuration de chariot. L'abaissement de la roulette 6 provoque la création d'un écart angulaire entre le bâti 10 et la route, et les deux colonnes se trouvent légèrement penchées en arrière du sens de la marche pour le chariot, ce qui contribue à stabiliser les bagages embarqués qui viennent s'appuyer sur les dites colonnes.  The direction of travel is reversed depending on whether the subject of the invention is in a vehicle or trolley configuration. To allow the rear wheel 6 to become the front wheel of the luggage rack, the same wheel 6 is lowered relative to the frame 10 so that it can rotate freely over a complete revolution while remaining constantly below the frame 10. This lowering is facilitated by a mounting allowing a fast (almost instantaneous) passage from a high position of said wheel 6 (in the vehicle configuration) to a low position which is that of the carriage configuration. Lowering the wheel 6 causes the creation of an angular gap between the frame 10 and the road, and the two columns are slightly bent behind the direction of travel for the truck, which helps to stabilize the luggage on board who come to rely on the said columns.
La création d'une plateforme apte à supporter des bagages est faite d'une part en montant sur chaque palette 1 , 2 (par simple engagement dans des logements prévus à cet effet dans les palettes 1 , 2) une plaque-support auxiliaire amovible dont deux exemplaires viennent compléter le kit de conversion en porte-bagage, et d'autre part en bloquant les palettes 1 , 2 en hauteur dans une position médiane telle que le haut des plaques support se trouve dans le plan de la face supérieure du bâti 10. Ainsi est créé un ensemble d'appuis coplanaires suffisamment espacés (comprenant la face supérieure du bâti 10 et les extrémités hautes des deux plaques-support auxiliaires) formant une plateforme pouvant soutenir des bagages de taille convenable. The creation of a platform capable of supporting luggage is made on the one hand by mounting on each pallet 1, 2 (by simply engaging in housings provided for this purpose in pallets 1, 2) a removable auxiliary support plate of which two copies complete the conversion kit luggage rack, and secondly by blocking the pallets 1, 2 in height in a central position such that the top of the support plates is in the plane of the upper face of the frame 10 Thus is created a set of sufficiently spaced coplanar supports (including the upper face of the frame 10 and the upper ends of the two auxiliary support plates) forming a platform capable of supporting suitably sized luggage.
Le blocage des palettes 1 , 2 dans la position médiane où elles sont toutes les deux à la même hauteur s'effectue en tournant une vis présente à demeure à cet effet sous chaque palette 1 , 2, et qui vient s'engager dans un petit logement creusé dans leurs manivelles principales 102 respectives. Cette vis bloque indirectement (par l'intermédiaire de la palette 1 , 2) la manivelle auxiliaire 103 contre sa manivelle principale 102, ce qui fixe la hauteur de la palette 1 , 2. Il suffit d'une vis engagée sous une palette 1 , 2 pour que la hauteur des deux palettes 1 , 2 s'en trouve fixée du même coup au niveau convenable.  The locking pallets 1, 2 in the middle position where they are both at the same height is performed by turning a screw permanently present for this purpose under each pallet 1, 2, and which is engaged in a small housing dug in their respective main cranks 102. This screw blocks indirectly (through the pallet 1, 2) the auxiliary crank 103 against its main crank 102, which fixes the height of the pallet 1, 2. All that is required is a screw engaged under a pallet 1, 2 so that the height of the two pallets 1, 2 is fixed at the same time to the proper level.
Au total, la conversion en porte-bagage s'effectue donc rapidement et moyennant peu d'opérations restées simples.  In total, the conversion to luggage rack is therefore fast and with few simple operations.
Le véhicule selon l'invention comporte un frein de parking, actionnable au pied. Elle utilise les freins de roue et leur mécanisme de serrage produisant un freinage ralentisseur. A cet effet, un levier vient agir sur la butée contre laquelle s'appuient les corps de frein lorsqu'ils se trouvent au repos, c'est-à-dire lorsque le freinage ralentisseur n'est pas actionné. Le levier, actionné par une pression du pied de l'utilisateur qui le déplace vers le bas, vient repousser légèrement cette butée, ce qui serre les freins suffisamment pour empêcher les roues 3, 4 de tourner au parking, ce serrage étant maintenu tant que le levier reste engagé dans une encoche qui l'empêche de remonter. Une nouvelle action au pied permet de dégager le levier de cette encoche, relâchant par là le freinage de parking.  The vehicle according to the invention comprises a parking brake, operable foot. It uses the wheel brakes and their clamping mechanism producing retarder braking. For this purpose, a lever acts on the stop against which the brake bodies rest when they are at rest, that is to say when the retarder braking is not actuated. The lever, actuated by a pressure of the user's foot which moves it downwards, slightly pushes this stop, which locks the brakes sufficiently to prevent the wheels 3, 4 from turning in the parking, this clamping being maintained as long as the lever remains engaged in a notch that prevents it from going up. A new foot action allows to release the lever of this notch, releasing the braking parking.
Cette fonctionnalité permet en particulier, lorsque la machine est en configuration de bagage, de mettre le bâti 10 en position quasi verticale et d'appuyer sa partie la plus haute contre un mur sans que le véhicule compacté ne retombe du fait de la rotation libre de ses roues 3, 4 (qui sont alors déconnectées du propulseur et libres de tourner), dès lors que le frein de parking est actionné. De même, dans un transport en commun, le frein de parking facilite le maintien en position verticale, par son utilisateur, du véhicule devenu bagage reposant sur ses deux roues 3, 4.  This feature makes it possible in particular, when the machine is in luggage configuration, to put the frame 10 in an almost vertical position and to press its uppermost part against a wall without the compacted vehicle falling back due to the free rotation of the vehicle. its wheels 3, 4 (which are then disconnected from the thruster and free to turn), as soon as the parking brake is actuated. Similarly, in a public transport, the parking brake facilitates the holding in vertical position by the user of the vehicle which has become luggage resting on its two wheels 3, 4.
Le véhicule objet de l'invention peut être pourvu, en option, d'une selle (non représentée) appuyée sur la branche centrale 64 du bâti 10. L'avantage de cette option est de permettre au passager de s'asseoir quand le véhicule est à l'arrêt, quand il roule soit à plat soit en descente, et plus généralement quand il ne subit que de faibles accélérations. The vehicle object of the invention may be provided, optionally, a saddle (not shown) supported on the central branch 64 of the frame 10. The advantage of this option is to allow the passenger to sit when the vehicle is stopped, when it rolls either flat or downhill, and more generally when it undergoes only low accelerations.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite selon un mode de réalisation particulier, elle n'y est nullement limitée, et des variantes peuvent y être apportées, ainsi que des combinaisons des variantes décrites, sans pour autant sortir du cadre de la présente invention.  Although the invention has been described according to a particular embodiment, it is not limited thereto, and variations may be made thereto, as well as combinations of the variants described, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Véhicule individuel à roues comportant un bâti (10) en forme de T avec une branche centrale (64), une branche transversale (65) et une colonne de manœuvre (9), ladite branche transversale (65) comportant en ses extrémités deux roues motrices (3, 4), caractérisé en ce que la branche centrale (64) est disposée horizontale en position de roulage, et comporte une roulette (6) constituant un troisième appui roulant, ledit véhicule comportant en outre deux palettes (1 , 2), et un propulseur (12, 13), agencé apte à transmettre un effort sur les palettes (1 , 2), pour créer un couple moteur au niveau des roues motrices (3, 4), ledit propulseur (12, 13) comportant un module redresseur de sens (13) permettant de transformer un mouvement alterné des palettes (1 , 2) en un mouvement de rotation continue des roues motrices (3, 4). A wheeled individual vehicle comprising a T-shaped frame (10) with a central branch (64), a transverse branch (65) and a maneuvering column (9), said transverse branch (65) having at its ends two driving wheels (3, 4), characterized in that the central limb (64) is disposed horizontally in the rolling position, and comprises a roller (6) constituting a third rolling rest, said vehicle further comprising two pallets (1, 2 ), and a thruster (12, 13), arranged to transmit a force on the pallets (1, 2), to create a driving torque at the driving wheels (3, 4), said thruster (12, 13) comprising a directional rectifier module (13) for transforming an alternating movement of the vanes (1, 2) into a continuous rotational movement of the drive wheels (3, 4).
2. Véhicule selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel ledit module redresseur de sens (13) comporte deux roues libres couplées de telle sorte qu'une roue dentée de sortie (14) est toujours entraînée dans le même sens, quelle que soit la palette (1 , 2) en appui. 2. Vehicle according to the preceding claim, wherein said direction rectifier module (13) comprises two freewheels coupled so that an output gearwheel (14) is always driven in the same direction, whatever the pallet ( 1, 2) in support.
3. Véhicule selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comportant un différentiel pilotable (5) permettant aux roues motrices (3, 4) soit de tourner à la même vitesse, pour suivre une trajectoire rectiligne, soit de tourner à des vitesses différentes, pour décrire une trajectoire incurvée.  3. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a controllable differential (5) allowing the driving wheels (3, 4) to be rotated at the same speed, to follow a straight path, or to rotate at different speeds, for describe a curved trajectory.
4. Véhicule selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite colonne de manœuvre (9) est rabattable.  4. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said maneuvering column (9) is foldable.
5. Véhicule selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel chaque palette (1 ,2) coopère avec une structure en croix configurée pour conserver à la palette (1 , 2) son orientation sensiblement horizontale. 5. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each pallet (1, 2) cooperates with a cross structure configured to keep the pallet (1, 2) its substantially horizontal orientation.
6. Véhicule selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel chaque palette (1 , 2) coopère avec une manivelle principale (102), qui entraine un axe avant (105) de sorte qu'une descente de la palette (1 , 2) imprime une rotation audit axe avant (105), et une manivelle auxiliaire (103) reliée par l'une de ses extrémités à la branche centrale (64), par l'autre extrémité à la palette (1 , 2), et en son centre à la manivelle principale (102), de sorte à former avec la manivelle principale (102) ladite structure en croix. 6. Vehicle according to the preceding claim, wherein each pallet (1, 2) cooperates with a main crank (102), which drives a front axle (105) so that a descent of the pallet (1, 2) prints a rotation to said front axle (105), and an auxiliary crank (103) connected at one of its ends to the central leg (64), at the other end to the pallet (1, 2), and at its center to the main crank (102), so as to form with the main crank (102) said cross structure.
7. Véhicule selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit propulseur comporte un module variateur (12) muni d'une molette de changement de vitesse (7), et ladite molette (7) est disposée sur ladite branche centrale (64) au voisinage des palettes (1 , 2), de sorte à être actionnable au pied par un utilisateur du véhicule.  7. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said thruster comprises a drive module (12) provided with a shift wheel (7), and said wheel (7) is disposed on said central branch (64). in the vicinity of the pallets (1, 2), so as to be operable by a user of the vehicle.
8. Véhicule selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comportant un moyen de blocage des deux palettes (1 , 2) en position médiane, de sorte à former, le cas échéant avec l'aide de plaques complémentaires, une surface sensiblement plane avec la branche centrale (64).  8. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a means for locking the two pallets (1, 2) in the middle position, so as to form, if necessary with the aid of complementary plates, a substantially flat surface with the central branch (64).
9. Véhicule selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite roulette (6) comporte un moyen de fixation à deux positions, une position de fonctionnement et une position surbaissée imprimant à la branche centrale (64) une position inclinée vers le haut vers l'arrière.  9. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said roller (6) comprises a two-position fixing means, an operating position and a lowered position printing the central branch (64) an upwardly inclined position towards the rear.
10. Véhicule selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comportant un frein de parking muni d'un actionneur disposé sur le bâti.  10. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a parking brake provided with an actuator disposed on the frame.
1 1 . Véhicule selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comportant au niveau de sa branche transversale (65) un moyen de fixation d'une deuxième colonne parallèle à la colonne de manœuvre (9).  1 1. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at its transverse branch (65) a means for fixing a second column parallel to the operating column (9).
12. Kit, comportant un véhicule selon l'une des revendications précédentes, une colonne apte à se fixer parallèlement à la colonne de manœuvre (9), et deux plaques destinées à se placer sur les deux palettes (1 , 2) en position médiane, pour obtenir une surface plane à niveau de la branche centrale (64).  12. Kit, comprising a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, a column adapted to be fixed parallel to the operating column (9), and two plates intended to be placed on the two pallets (1, 2) in the middle position. to obtain a flat surface at the level of the central branch (64).
EP17797702.2A 2016-10-25 2017-10-24 Low-volume individual vehicle Withdrawn EP3532369A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1670630A FR3057846B1 (en) 2016-10-25 2016-10-25 LIGHT SIZE INDIVIDUAL VEHICLE
PCT/FR2017/052928 WO2018078274A1 (en) 2016-10-25 2017-10-24 Low-volume individual vehicle

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EP3532369A1 true EP3532369A1 (en) 2019-09-04

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3112117B1 (en) 2020-07-02 2022-08-05 Jean Bajard Improved thruster for individual vane vehicle

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4828284A (en) * 1987-06-01 1989-05-09 Sandgren John A Treadle cycle
US5591107A (en) * 1995-01-25 1997-01-07 Rodgers, Jr.; Robert E. Mobile exercise apparatus
KR100280695B1 (en) * 1998-07-21 2001-02-01 윤석권 Folding bike
JP2989173B1 (en) * 1998-07-29 1999-12-13 三桜工業株式会社 Pedal position switching device for motorcycles, etc.
CN2732610Y (en) * 2003-08-01 2005-10-12 傅海忠 Pedal sliding vehicle
KR20100005853U (en) * 2008-12-01 2010-06-10 김정오 2 A Bicycle
US8226104B2 (en) * 2009-09-14 2012-07-24 Konstantin Kulikov Energy efficient tricycle
KR101039014B1 (en) * 2010-08-20 2011-06-07 김지훈 Pedal-driven kickboard
FR3020336B1 (en) 2014-04-28 2017-07-28 Jean Bajard INDIVIDUAL VEHICLE WITH LOW DIMENSIONS
CN205034254U (en) * 2015-09-01 2016-02-17 河北畅行新能源科技有限公司 But multi -functional annular self -balancing electric motor car of independent assortment

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