EP3510211B1 - Method for assembling building elements and building thus produced - Google Patents

Method for assembling building elements and building thus produced Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3510211B1
EP3510211B1 EP17768837.1A EP17768837A EP3510211B1 EP 3510211 B1 EP3510211 B1 EP 3510211B1 EP 17768837 A EP17768837 A EP 17768837A EP 3510211 B1 EP3510211 B1 EP 3510211B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
elements
building
faces
sheet
sheets
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EP17768837.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3510211A1 (en
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Willem Arnold Van Willigen
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of assembling building elements as well as a construction thus produced.
  • the invention relates to any type of construction, public, private, for commercial, industrial, agricultural or other use, regardless of the size of the construction.
  • construction we also mean engineering structures, such as walkways, bridges, awnings, retaining walls or others.
  • This solution involves making custom-made and factory-made wooden panels according to the architecture of the building to be produced, only the assembly of the building being performed in situ. Furthermore, due to the method of connecting the panels using metallic elements such as connectors or screws, there is the presence of thermal bridges in such buildings. However, due to the implementation of relatively restrictive environmental standards and the obligation to build buildings with optimized insulation and low ecological impact, the search for new construction methods is necessary.
  • EP-A-861 587 describes a wooden box containing a body of an insulating material, for example polyurethane foam.
  • a plate-shaped element formed of a polystyrene core bonded between two layers of plywood. Cutouts made in one of the plywood faces allow, if necessary, to bend the plate.
  • WO-A-90/00474 discloses a soul comprising two materials, of which one of transition, on which are glued plywood plates. The element thus produced has a shape adapted to its use, for example in a corner, in a cylinder or in a plate.
  • the elements require either a supporting structure or connecting elements, generally metallic, between the elements, which de facto generates thermal bridges.
  • thermal bridges in the case of construction using wood, the presence of such thermal bridges promotes the spread of fire.
  • the elements do not allow all architectural types of building to be achieved by optimizing the insulation and the distribution of loads, at a cost and with controlled manufacturing constraints.
  • the invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art mentioned above.
  • the invention also relates to a building or a work of art at least part of which is made with at least three construction elements assembled according to the assembly method according to the invention characterized in that said elements are assembled so as to define a honeycomb structure with full alveoli, the outer floors of the honeycomb structure being defined by the rearming sheets.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a construction element 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • Element 1 is formed by a main body 2, partially visible at the figure 1 .
  • the body 2 occupies the receiving volume defined by the constituent walls of the external faces of each element 1.
  • each element 1 has a geometric shape corresponding to that of the body 2 which it receives.
  • the body 2 is made of a rigid insulating material.
  • the term insulator must be understood as relating to, at least, thermal insulation, it being understood that such a material can also have sound insulation characteristics.
  • the insulating material is chosen by materials of plant, mineral or synthetic origin, that is to say derived from petroleum. It must be rigid, insensitive to environmental conditions, in particular dimensionally stable within a range of temperatures ranging, typically between -80 ° C and + 80 ° C. It must also have a shear strength of at least 40 KPa and, preferably, close to 50 KPa. It is generally accepted that, at least for a rigid material, there is a relationship between its density and its mechanical resistance: the higher the density of the material, the higher its mechanical resistance. In the context of the invention, the minimum density is close to 10 Kg / m3, preferably between 15 Kg / m3 and 25 Kg / m3, advantageously close to 18 Kg / m3.
  • the preferred material for forming the body 2 is, but not exclusively, expanded polystyrene or EPS.
  • This material also offers the advantage of being easy to produce in large quantities, at low cost, of being recyclable and easy to work.
  • the body 2 defines not only the geometric shape of the finished element 1 but also, overall, its size and its weight. Indeed each of the different faces of the body 2 is covered, over its entire surface, by at least one sheet of a wood-based material.
  • Such a sheet must be generally waterproof and dustproof, fire resistance, ensure the protection of the polystyrene block against any effect of punching or tearing.
  • such a sheet must have a tensile strength perpendicular to its surface of at least 0.3 Newton / mm2.
  • such a sheet should not alter the characteristics of insulation, at least thermal insulation, of the main body, and therefore not create a thermal bridge. Consequently, such a sheet is for example made of plywood, in medium or, in a preferred embodiment, in OSB (Oriented Strand Board), that is to say in a sheet formed from strips of wood agglomerated together by a resin, with an orientation in crossed layers.
  • OSB Oriented Strand Board
  • the figure 2 illustrates such sheets in a pre-assembly configuration on the faces of the body 2.
  • Each sheet 3 to 8 here from OSB, has complementary dimensions, in length and in width, to those of the faces 9 to 14 respectively. who will receive them.
  • the different sheets 3 to 8 here have the same thickness. This is at least 5 mm to ensure a certain rigidity in the sheet and generally between 10 mm and 40 mm.
  • the preferred thickness is 10 mm.
  • each sheet 3 to 8 covers, once in place on the body 2, the entire face 9 to 14 on which it is glued. It is necessary that no part of the body 2 is visible on a finite element 1. To ensure permanent fixation between the sheets 3 to 8 and the body 2, with regular contact between the sheet 3 to 8 and the face 9 to 14, this over the entire surface of the contact zone, therefore from the face 9 to 14, an adhesive is used. It is an adhesive chosen from structural adhesives based on Polyurethane, epoxy, vinyl or others, provided that such an adhesive offers impact resistance and therefore shear resistance of at least 10 MPa and, in this case close to 16MPa.
  • a building element 1 which is of the sandwich composite type.
  • the sheets 3 to 8 are particularly resistant to bending, tearing and compression while the body 2 is remarkably resistant to shearing.
  • the element 1 combines, with a synergistic effect, these different characteristics.
  • elements 1 which have high insulation and mechanical resistance characteristics, this for elements 1 which, preferably in the case of regular rectangle polyhedron, as illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 are 2.50 m long for a section of 0.40 m by 0.40 m. Such dimensions allow the mounting of walls or part of a structure or buildings quickly, with few elements while providing optimal mechanical and insulation characteristics.
  • the figure 3 illustrates the assembly of several elements 1 together. Such a configuration occurs, for example, for mounting walls of great thickness, construction elements of the beam or pylon type.
  • twelve identical element 1 are joined, by gluing, in two rows of three pairs of elements 1.
  • each element 1 is glued to three other neighboring elements 1.
  • the visible faces of the sheets 3 to 8 of each element are glued to the visible faces 3 to 8 of the other neighboring elements.
  • visible faces is meant the faces of the sheets 3 to 8 which are not glued to the body 2.
  • Two sheets 15, 16 similar to sheets 3 to 8, as regards the constituent material, are shown in the pre-assembly position. These sheets 15, 16 are said to be reset. It is understood that these sheets have dimensions adapted to cover, at least in part, the twelve elements 1 thus assembled. Here, for more readability, only two sheets are illustrated, it being understood that, in certain embodiments, only some of the faces of the joined elements are covered by a sheet made of a wood-based material. In other embodiments, all the visible faces of the assembled elements are covered by sheets similar to the sheets 15, 16. In this case, it is necessary to provide six sheets to cover all the visible faces of the twelve assembled elements 1, including the end faces. As a variant, the sheets used are of a different nature.
  • the figure 4 illustrates an assembly of sixteen elements 1 to produce a wall P whose width corresponds substantially to that, unitary, of the elements 1.
  • the planes of joint between the elements 1, therefore the bonding zones, are shown in bold, for more readability . It is understood that, when several rearming sheets 15, 16 are butted and glued to each face 17, 18 of the wall P in order to completely cover the faces 17, 18.
  • a wall P is obtained whose internal structure is formed from several blocks full, here the elements 1 glued together, defining, de facto, a honeycomb structure whose cells are full, the external walls of the structure being formed by the reset sheets 15, 16,
  • FIG 5 illustrates, in a simplified manner, a portion of wall M which comprises elements 1 stacked and glued together.
  • a rearming sheet 20 is glued to the face 19 of the wall M intended to be oriented towards the outside of the finished building.
  • a plate of an external coating 21 is glued, in order to protect the sheet 20 from external aggressions while participating in the mechanical properties of the wall M and in its aesthetics.
  • the plate 21 is glued offset from the sheet 20 so that the respective connection joints between the abutment plates 21 and the abutment sheets 20 are not aligned.
  • the first element 1, located in the lower part of the wall M rests on a floating slab 22. Between this slab 22 and the ground, a sealing barrier, not shown, is provided to prevent any rise in humidity.
  • a wall M and more generally a building, thus produced has a construction method combining, with a synergistic effect, the advantages of a laminated wall by bonding of wood-based panels with those of a structure of solid honeycomb walls.
  • a wall produced by rolling has a high mechanical resistance.
  • a wall with a structure in honeycombs has significant resistance to bending and deformation.
  • the bracing is carried out along three axes.
  • a part of a wall, or more generally a part of the construction is formed by several connected elements, each with at least two and advantageously three other elements.
  • each element forms a brace for the elements to which it is connected.
  • the assembly is also rearmed by a sheet 15, 16, 20.
  • Such a construction method makes it possible to distribute the loads, no longer on rising pillars and certain so-called load-bearing walls but on the entire periphery of the building. In this way, a building or a work of art is produced which meets the earthquake-resistant requirements, while allowing the creation of multi-storey buildings or high-rise works of art.
  • FIG 6 illustrates an element 100, generally in the form of a rectangle polyhedron like element 1 but in which gutters 23, 24 have been provided in order to allow the passage of conduits and technical sheaths. These gutters 23, 24 are produced in the main body of the element 100, therefore in the EPS then, similarly to the element 1, are covered with OSB sheets.
  • the figure 7 represents an element 200 in the form of a curved rectangle polyhedron.
  • Such a form of elements 200 makes it possible to produce parts of curved walls, for example, a curved wall or a balcony.
  • the figure 8 illustrates a wall portion S formed of several elements 300 having two non-parallel faces, the other faces being parallel.
  • the shape of the elements 300 is frustoconical, which allows, as is apparent from the figure 8 , to produce constitutive walls of towers or silos, or more generally of walls in an arc or a vault, according to the final position occupied in the structure by the elements 300 assembled.
  • the figure 9 illsutre a part of wall D contitutive of a dome.
  • the elements 400 have four non-parallel faces. In other words, they are globally configured as a corner.
  • the elements 300 and 400 are formed of a main body made of EPS covered on all its faces by a sheet of OSB. The elements 300, 400 are glued together before being covered by at least one rearming sheet.
  • the figure 10 illustrates the production of a support member O, such as a beam with element 1.
  • a support member O such as a beam with element 1.
  • Thirty-eight elements 1 here form the beam O, the latter being in the form of a rectangular polyhedron with a square section.
  • the trete-eight elements 1 are distributed in three stacked rows. Rectangular OSB sheets 25 to 28B come to reset, and define the four faces of the member O.
  • the central row R is devoid of element 1 in the central part, thus providing a passage for a pipe or a technical sheath .
  • row R here comprises eight elements, the two rows situated above and below row R comprising fifteen elements each. Each row is separated from the neighboring row, therefore situated below and / or above, by an internal rearming sheet 28A, 28B.
  • One realizes an internal and external rearming of the beam O by the sheets 25 to 28B, which takes part in the realization of a structure in honeycombs.
  • the figure 11 represents another embodiment of two organs T, similar to the organ O of the figure 10 in their individual embodiment.
  • two members T are provided, in addition to the axial passage along the length of each member T, as in member O, with a transverse passage, substantially mid-length of each member T.
  • Such a configuration allows associate together two members T at a right angle, so as to preserve the end openings at the central passages of the two members when the latter are glued together at a right angle.
  • the support members are H-shaped, tubes or the like.
  • a marking allowing their identifications.
  • it is a bar code.
  • other marking means associated or not with the bar code, for example a color code.
  • the main body of each element taken separately, has a high shear strength and that between each main body there is a rule formed by the bonding of at least two sheets of a material with high tensile strength , one obtains a wall, vertical or not, or part of the building or of the work of art, which behaves like a honeycomb structure with full cells. De facto, the building or the structure as a whole also behaves like a honeycomb structure.
  • the sheets are pre-assembled, for example in the form of folded boxes. They are shipped, with a minimal footprint in this form, for example by container.
  • the main body On site, or close to the latter, the main body is shaped, introduced into the volume defined between the sheets in the unfolded and glued configuration.
  • the main EPS body is made on site, for example from recycled polystyrene. Such a solution is particularly advantageous for the construction of buildings or engineering structures in areas that are difficult to access and / or with limited industrial infrastructure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Description

La présente invetion concerne un procédé d'assemblage d'éléments de construction ainsi qu'une construction ainsi réalisée.The present invention relates to a method of assembling building elements as well as a construction thus produced.

L'invention concerne tout type de construction, publique, privée, à usage commercial, industriel, agricole ou autres, cela quelle que soit la taille de la construction. Par construction, on désigne également des ouvrages d'art, tels que des passerelles, des ponts, des auvents, des murs de soutènement ou autres.The invention relates to any type of construction, public, private, for commercial, industrial, agricultural or other use, regardless of the size of the construction. By construction, we also mean engineering structures, such as walkways, bridges, awnings, retaining walls or others.

Dans le domaine de la construction, on connait l'utilisation d'éléments standardisés de type brique ou parpaing, pour réaliser des parois constitutives d'un bâtiment. Ces éléments sont fixés entre eux par un liant tel que du mortier. Un tel mode de construction est long et complexe. Depuis quelques années se développe la construction de bâtiments utilisant comme matériau de base le bois. Typiquement, de tels bâtimenst, avec une structure dite ossature bois, comportent des panneaux tels bâtiments, avec une structure dite ossature bois, comportent des panneaux préfabriqués en bois qui sont montés sur une ossature, avantageusement en bois.In the field of construction, the use of standardized elements of the brick or concrete block type is known, for producing constituent walls of a building. These elements are fixed together by a binder such as mortar. Such a construction method is long and complex. For several years now, the construction of buildings has been developing using wood as a basic material. Typically, such buildings, with a so-called wooden frame structure, include panels such buildings, with a so-called wooden frame structure, include prefabricated wooden panels which are mounted on a frame, preferably wooden.

Cette solution implique une réalisation à façon et en usine des panneaux en bois selon l'architecture du bâtiment à réaliser, seul le montage du bâtiment étant effectué in situ. Par ailleurs, du fait du mode de liaison des panneaux à l'aide d'éléments métalliques tels que des connecteurs ou des vis, on constate la présence de ponts thermiques dans de tels bâtiments. Or, du fait de la mise en place de normes environnementales relativement contraignantes et de l'obligation de réaliser des bâtiments avec une isolation optimisée et un faible impact écologique, la recherche de nouveaux modes de construction est nécessaire.This solution involves making custom-made and factory-made wooden panels according to the architecture of the building to be produced, only the assembly of the building being performed in situ. Furthermore, due to the method of connecting the panels using metallic elements such as connectors or screws, there is the presence of thermal bridges in such buildings. However, due to the implementation of relatively restrictive environmental standards and the obligation to build buildings with optimized insulation and low ecological impact, the search for new construction methods is necessary.

EP-A-861 587 décrit un caisson en bois contenant un corps en un matériaux isolant, par exemple en mousse de polyuréthane. On connait par WO-A-85/04922 , déposé précédemment par le demandeur, un élément en forme de plaque formée d'une âme en polystyrène collée entre deux couches de contreplaqués. Des découpes réalisées dans une des faces en contreplqué permettent, si besoin, de cintrer la plaque. WO-A-90/00474 divulgue une äme comportant deux matériaux, dont un de transition, sur laquelle sont collées des plaques de contreplaqué. L'élément ainsi fabriqué a une forme adaptée à son utilisation, par exemple en coin, en cylindre ou en plaque. Ces solutions nécessitent la réalisation d'éléments spécifiques à chaque bâtiment, tout en étant d'une mise en œuvre malaisée. On connait également par FR-A-2952659 des éléments de construction en bois, en forme de brique, remplis d'un matériau isolant. Ces éléments sont connectés entre eux par des élements de tension, de type mâle femelle et par des tiges métalliques assurant la mise en tension des éléments empilés sur la hauteur des parois. Une telle solution est complexe à réaliser et ne supprime pas les ponts thermiques. On connaît aussi par WO-A-2010/047570 des éléments en forme de brique pourvus d'une double paroi en bois et dont l'intérieur est rempli d'un matériau isolant. La liaison entre ces éléments est de type tenon mortaise. On connaît par BE 629971 A un élément de construction caractérise par un profilé creux en matière plastique rempli d'une masse durcissable et une construction en forme de "palissade" réalisée avec ces éléments. EP-A-861 587 describes a wooden box containing a body of an insulating material, for example polyurethane foam. We know by WO-A-85/04922 , previously filed by the applicant, a plate-shaped element formed of a polystyrene core bonded between two layers of plywood. Cutouts made in one of the plywood faces allow, if necessary, to bend the plate. WO-A-90/00474 discloses a soul comprising two materials, of which one of transition, on which are glued plywood plates. The element thus produced has a shape adapted to its use, for example in a corner, in a cylinder or in a plate. These solutions require the creation of elements specific to each building, while being difficult to implement. We also know by FR-A-2952659 wooden building elements, brick-shaped, filled with insulating material. These elements are connected together by tension elements, of the male female type and by metal rods ensuring the tensioning of the elements stacked on the height of the walls. Such a solution is complex to carry out and does not eliminate thermal bridges. We also know by WO-A-2010/047570 brick-shaped elements with a double wooden wall and the interior of which is filled with insulating material. The connection between these elements is of the mortise tenon type. We know by BE 629971 A a building element characterized by a hollow plastic profile filled with a hardenable mass and a "palisade" shaped construction made with these elements.

Ces différentes solutions, si elles offrent un avantage par rapport aux constructions traditionnelles en béton ou en pierre, ne sont pas aisées à mettre en œuvre. En effet, les éléments nécessitent soit une structure porteuse soit des éléments de liaison, généralement métalliques, entre les éléments, ce qui de facto, génère des ponts thermiques. De plus, dans le cas de construction utilisant le bois, la présence de tels ponts thermiques favorisent la propagation du feu. De plus, les éléments ne permettent pas de réaliser tous les types architecturaux de bâtiment en optimisant l'isolation et la répartition des charges, à un coût et avec des contraintes de fabrication maitrisés.These different solutions, if they offer an advantage compared to traditional concrete or stone constructions, are not easy to implement. Indeed, the elements require either a supporting structure or connecting elements, generally metallic, between the elements, which de facto generates thermal bridges. In addition, in the case of construction using wood, the presence of such thermal bridges promotes the spread of fire. In addition, the elements do not allow all architectural types of building to be achieved by optimizing the insulation and the distribution of loads, at a cost and with controlled manufacturing constraints.

Ceci étant précisé, l'invention vise à remédier aux inconvénients de l'art antérieur évoqués ci-dessus.Having said this, the invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art mentioned above.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé d'assemblage d'un ensemble d'éléments de construction dont les parois externes de chaque élément définissent un volume de réception d'un corps principal, en forme de polyèdre, occupant l'ensemble dudit volume de réception et dont au moins deux faces sont parallèles, le corps principal étant réalisé en un matériau isolant rigide formé par du polystyrène expansé ou PSE d'une densité d'au moins 10kg/m3 et chacune des faces du corps principal étant totalement couverte par au moins une feuille réalisée en un matériau à base de bois, chaque feuille étant collée sur ladite face du corps principal qui la reçoit caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins les étapes suivantes :

  • a) assembler par collage deux faces externes complémentaires de deux éléments de construction,
  • b) poursuivre l'assemblage réalisé à l'étape a) par collage d'autres faces desdits éléments avec des faces externes complémentaires d'autres éléments de construction jusqu'à obtention d'une partie d'un bâtiment ou d'un ouvrage d'art prédéfinie,
  • c) coller des feuilles, dites de réarmement, réalisées en un matériau à base de bois, sur au moins une partie des faces coplanaires des éléments assemblés aux étapes précédentes,
  • d) répéter les étapes a) à c) jusqu'à obtention de la partie du bâtement ou de l'ouvrage d'art prédéfinie.
To this end, the subject of the invention is a method of assembling a set of construction elements whose external walls of each element define a volume for receiving a main body, in the form of a polyhedron, occupying the whole of said receiving volume and of which at least two faces are parallel, the main body being made of a rigid insulating material formed by expanded polystyrene or EPS with a density of at least 10 kg / m3 and each of the faces of the main body being totally covered by at least one sheet made of a material based on wood, each sheet being glued to said face of the main body which receives it, characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps:
  • a) assembling by bonding two complementary external faces of two construction elements,
  • b) continue the assembly carried out in step a) by bonding other faces of said elements with external faces complementary to other construction elements until part of a building or a structure d predefined art,
  • c) sticking sheets, called rearming sheets, made of a wood-based material, on at least part of the coplanar faces of the elements assembled in the preceding steps,
  • d) repeat steps a) to c) until the predefined part of the building or work of art is obtained.

L'invention permet d'atteindre ainsi les objectifs précédemment mentionnés.The invention thus achieves the objectives mentioned above.

En effet, plusieurs formes géométriques du corps principal, donc de l'élément, toutes polyédriques, sont aisément réalisables afin de répondre aux besoins architecturaux pour réaliser un bâtiment ou un composant de ce bâtiment tel qu'une poutre ou un mur ou encore un ouvrage d'art.Indeed, several geometric shapes of the main body, therefore of the element, all polyhedral, are easily achievable in order to meet the architectural needs to achieve a building or a component of this building such as a beam or a wall or a work of art.

Grâce à l'invention, on réalise des formes simples ou complexes de l'élément, pour autant que son corps principal possède au moins deux faces parallèles et cela sans pont thermique puisqu'aucun matériau métallique n'est utilisé pour réaliser les éléments et pour les assembler entre eux. L'utilisatlion uniquement de matériau isolant et de feuilles à base de bois collées sur ce matériaux garantie l'absence de pont thermique au moins sans nuire, si ce n'est renforcer, la résistance mécanique de l'élément et donc, de facto, en préservant ou en améliorant la résistance mécanique de la partie du bâtiment ou du bâtiment construit avec de tels éléments. La réalisation de la construction par collage permet de préserver cette absence de pont thermique tout en assurant une répartition des charges sur l'ensemble de la construction. On obtient ainsi une construction autoporteuse avec une répartition des charges optimale, ce qui autorise des formes variées et/ou des hauteurs importantes.Thanks to the invention, simple or complex shapes of the element are produced, provided that its main body has at least two parallel faces and this without thermal bridge since no metallic material is used to produce the elements and for assemble them together. The use only of insulating material and wood-based sheets bonded to this material guarantees the absence of a thermal bridge at least without harming, if not strengthening, the mechanical resistance of the element and therefore, de facto, by preserving or improving the mechanical strength of the part of the building or of the building constructed with such elements. The realization of the construction by gluing makes it possible to preserve this absence of thermal bridge while ensuring a distribution of the loads on the whole of the construction. A self-supporting construction is thus obtained with an optimal load distribution, which allows various shapes and / or significant heights.

Selon des aspects avantageux mais non obligatoires de l'invention, un tel procédé peut comprendre une ou plusieurs des étapes suivantes:

  • après l'étape d), lors d'une étape supplémentaire e), on cole une feuille d'un revêtement de protection et/ou de décoration sur au moins une des faces de la partie du bâtiment ou de l'ouvrage d'art réalisée.
  • Lors de l'étape c), les feuilles de réarmement sont collées sur les faces coplanaires des éléments assemblés de sorte que les joints de liaison entre deux éléments assemblés ne sont jamais alignés avec les joints de liaison de deux feuilles de réarmement aboulées.
  • Chaque feuille à base de bois est une feuille, d'au moins 5 mm d'épaisseur, de lamelles de bois dite OSB (Oriented Strand Board) ou de contreplaqué.
  • Au moins une goutière est ménagée dans le corps principal d'au moins un élément, la goutière définissant un passage pour des conduits et des gaines techniques.
According to advantageous but not compulsory aspects of the invention, such a method can comprise one or more of the following steps:
  • after step d), during an additional step e), a sheet of a protective and / or decorative coating is bonded to at least one of the faces of the part of the building or of the civil engineering structure carried out.
  • During step c), the rearming sheets are glued to the coplanar faces of the assembled elements so that the connection joints between two assembled elements are never aligned with the connection joints of two collapsed rearming sheets.
  • Each wood-based sheet is a sheet, at least 5 mm thick, of strips of wood called OSB (Oriented Strand Board) or plywood.
  • At least one gutter is provided in the main body of at least one element, the gutter defining a passage for conduits and technical sheaths.

L'invention concerne aussi un bâtiment ou un ouvrage d'art dont au moins une partie est réalisée avec au moins trois éléments de construction assemblés selon le procédé d'assemblage conforme à l'invention caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments sont assemblés de sorte à définir une structure en nid d'abeilles aux alvéoles pleines, les parols extérieures de la strucutre en nids d'abeilles étant définies par les feuilles de réarmement.The invention also relates to a building or a work of art at least part of which is made with at least three construction elements assembled according to the assembly method according to the invention characterized in that said elements are assembled so as to define a honeycomb structure with full alveoli, the outer floors of the honeycomb structure being defined by the rearming sheets.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaitront plus clairement à la lecture de la description de plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif et faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • La figure 1 est une vue de dessus d'un élément de construction conforme à un mode de réalisation de l'invention, une face étant dépourvue de feuille pour visualiser l'intérieur,
  • la figure 2 est une vue de l'élément de la figure 1, en configuratino de pré-assemblage,
  • la figure 3 illustre, en configuration de pré-assemblage, la réalisation d'une partie d'un bâtiment avec des éléments de la figure 1,
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique d'une paroi plane d'un bâtiment réalisée avec des éléments de la figure 1, à une autre échelle, illustrant la configuration en nid d'abeilles de cette paroi, les feuilles de réarmement étant illustrées, en face avant, en pointillées pour plus de lisibilité.
  • la figure 5 est une vue perspective, simplifiée, d'une paroi d'un bâtiment en cours de réalisation avec des éléments de la figure 1,
  • la figures 6 et 7 illustrent, à la même échelle, des élements conformes à deux autres modes de réalisation de l'invention,
  • les figures 8 et 9 représentent, à la même échelle, des parties de paroi de bâtiments respectivement configurées en arc de cercle et en dôme, réalisées avec des éléments ayant respectivement deux ou quatre faces inclinées et conformes à deux autres modes de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 10 illustre, à une autre échelle et en configuration de pré-assemblage, la réalisation d'une partie d'un bâtiment de type poutre, à l'aide d'élements de la figure 1, selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention et
  • la figure 11 est une vue en perspective, à une autre échelle, de deux poutres de la figure 10 assemblées à angle droit.
The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly on reading the description of several embodiments of the invention which will follow, given only by way of nonlimiting example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • The figure 1 is a top view of a building element according to an embodiment of the invention, one face being devoid of sheet for viewing the interior,
  • the figure 2 is a view of the element of the figure 1 , in pre-assembly configuration,
  • the figure 3 illustrates, in a pre-assembly configuration, the construction of part of a building with elements of the figure 1 ,
  • the figure 4 is a schematic view of a flat wall of a building made with elements of the figure 1 , on another scale, illustrating the honeycomb configuration of this wall, the rearming sheets being illustrated, on the front face, in dotted lines for more readability.
  • the figure 5 is a perspective view, simplified, of a wall of a building in progress with elements of the figure 1 ,
  • the Figures 6 and 7 illustrate, on the same scale, elements in accordance with two other embodiments of the invention,
  • the Figures 8 and 9 represent, on the same scale, wall portions of buildings respectively configured in an arc and in a dome, produced with elements having respectively two or four inclined faces and conforming to two other embodiments of the invention,
  • the figure 10 illustrates, on another scale and in a pre-assembly configuration, the production of part of a beam-type building, using elements of the figure 1 , according to another embodiment of the invention and
  • the figure 11 is a perspective view, on another scale, of two beams of the figure 10 assembled at right angles.

La figure 1 illustre un élément de construction 1 conforme à un mode réalisation de l'invention. L'élement 1 est formé d'un corps principal 2, visible partiellement à la figure 1. Le corps 2 occupe le volume de réception défini par les parois constitutives des faces, externes de chaque élément 1. Ainsi, chaque élément 1 a une forme géométrique correspondant à celle du corps 2 qu'il reçoit.The figure 1 illustrates a construction element 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Element 1 is formed by a main body 2, partially visible at the figure 1 . The body 2 occupies the receiving volume defined by the constituent walls of the external faces of each element 1. Thus, each element 1 has a geometric shape corresponding to that of the body 2 which it receives.

Le corps 2 est réalisé en un matériau isolant rigide. Ici, le terme isolant doit être compris comme relatif à, au moins, l'isolation thermique, étant entendu qu'un tel matériau peut également présenter des caractéristiques d'isolation phonique. Le matériau isolant est choisi par des matériaux d'origine végétale, minérale ou synthétique c'est-à-dire dérivé du pétrole. Il doit être rigide, insensible aux conditions environnementales, en particulier stable dimensionnellement dans une plage de températures s'étendant, typiquement entre -80°C et +80°C. Il doit également présenter une résistance au cisaillement d'au moins 40 KPa et, préférentiellement voisine de 50 KPa. Il est généralement admis que, au moins pour un matériau rigide, il existe une relation entre sa masse volumique et son résistance mécanique : plus la masse volumique du matériau est élevée et plus sa résistance mécanique est élevée. Dans le cadre de l'invention, la masse volumique minimale est voisine de 10 Kg/m3, de préférence comprise entre 15 Kg/m3 et 25 Kg/m3, avantageusement voisine de 18Kg/m3.The body 2 is made of a rigid insulating material. Here, the term insulator must be understood as relating to, at least, thermal insulation, it being understood that such a material can also have sound insulation characteristics. The insulating material is chosen by materials of plant, mineral or synthetic origin, that is to say derived from petroleum. It must be rigid, insensitive to environmental conditions, in particular dimensionally stable within a range of temperatures ranging, typically between -80 ° C and + 80 ° C. It must also have a shear strength of at least 40 KPa and, preferably, close to 50 KPa. It is generally accepted that, at least for a rigid material, there is a relationship between its density and its mechanical resistance: the higher the density of the material, the higher its mechanical resistance. In the context of the invention, the minimum density is close to 10 Kg / m3, preferably between 15 Kg / m3 and 25 Kg / m3, advantageously close to 18 Kg / m3.

Ainsi, dans le cadre de l'invention le matériau préféré pour former le corps 2, est, mais non exclusivement, le polystyrène expansé ou PSE. Ce matériau offre également l'avantage d'être aisé à produire en grande quantité, à un faible coût, d'être recyclable et facile à travailler. En d'autre termes, à partir d'un bloc de polystyrène, il est possible de réaliser toute forme géométrique. Le corps 2 définit non seulement la forme géométrique de l'élément 1 fini mais également, de manière globale, son encombrement et son poids. En effet chacune des différentes faces du corps 2 est recouverte, sur toute sa surface, par au moins une feuille en un matériau à base de bois.Thus, in the context of the invention the preferred material for forming the body 2, is, but not exclusively, expanded polystyrene or EPS. This material also offers the advantage of being easy to produce in large quantities, at low cost, of being recyclable and easy to work. In other words, from a block of polystyrene, it is possible to produce any geometric shape. The body 2 defines not only the geometric shape of the finished element 1 but also, overall, its size and its weight. Indeed each of the different faces of the body 2 is covered, over its entire surface, by at least one sheet of a wood-based material.

Une telle feuille doit être globalement étanche à l'eau et à la poussière, résistance au feu, assurer la protection du bloc de polystyrène contre tout effet de poinçonnement ou d'arrachage. En d'autre termes, une telle feuille doit présenter une résistance à la traction perpendiculaire à sa surface d'au moins 0,3 Newton/mm2. De plus, une telle feuille ne doit pas altérer les caractéristques d'isolation, au moins d'isolation thermique, du corps principal, et donc ne pas créer de pont thermique. En conséquence une telle feuille est par exemple en contreplaqué, en médium ou, dans un mode réalisation préféré, en OSB (Oriented Strand Board) c'est-à-dire en une feuille formée de lamelles de bois agglomérées entre elles par une résine, avec une orientation par couches croisées.Such a sheet must be generally waterproof and dustproof, fire resistance, ensure the protection of the polystyrene block against any effect of punching or tearing. In other words, such a sheet must have a tensile strength perpendicular to its surface of at least 0.3 Newton / mm2. In addition, such a sheet should not alter the characteristics of insulation, at least thermal insulation, of the main body, and therefore not create a thermal bridge. Consequently, such a sheet is for example made of plywood, in medium or, in a preferred embodiment, in OSB (Oriented Strand Board), that is to say in a sheet formed from strips of wood agglomerated together by a resin, with an orientation in crossed layers.

La figure 2 illustre des telles feuilles en configuration de pré-assemblage sur les faces du corps 2. Chaque feuille 3 à 8, ici d'OSB, a des dimensions complémentaires, en longueur et en largeur, à celles respectivement des faces 9 à 14 qui les recevront. Les différentes feuilles 3 à 8 ont ici la même épaisseur. Celle-ci est au minimum de 5 mm pour assurer une certaine rigidité à la feuille et généralement comprise entre 10 mm et 40 mm. Avantageusement, l'épaisseur préférée est de 10 mm.The figure 2 illustrates such sheets in a pre-assembly configuration on the faces of the body 2. Each sheet 3 to 8, here from OSB, has complementary dimensions, in length and in width, to those of the faces 9 to 14 respectively. who will receive them. The different sheets 3 to 8 here have the same thickness. This is at least 5 mm to ensure a certain rigidity in the sheet and generally between 10 mm and 40 mm. Advantageously, the preferred thickness is 10 mm.

Dans tous les cas, chaque feuille 3 à 8 recouvre, une fois en place sur le corps 2, la totalité de la face 9 à 14 sur laquelle elle est collée. Il es nécessaire qu'aucune partie du corps 2 ne soit visible sur un élément 1 fini. Pour assurer une fixation pérenne entre les feuilles 3 à 8 et le corps 2, avec un contact régulier entre la feuille 3 à 8 et la face 9 à 14, cela sur toute la superficie de la zone de contact, donc de la face 9 à 14, on utilise une colle. Il s'agit d'une colle choisie parmi des colles structurales à base de Polyuréthane, époxy, vinyle ou autres pour autant qu'une telle colle offre une résistance aux chocs donc au cisaillement d'au moin 10 MPa et, en l'espèce voisin de 16MPa.In all cases, each sheet 3 to 8 covers, once in place on the body 2, the entire face 9 to 14 on which it is glued. It is necessary that no part of the body 2 is visible on a finite element 1. To ensure permanent fixation between the sheets 3 to 8 and the body 2, with regular contact between the sheet 3 to 8 and the face 9 to 14, this over the entire surface of the contact zone, therefore from the face 9 to 14, an adhesive is used. It is an adhesive chosen from structural adhesives based on Polyurethane, epoxy, vinyl or others, provided that such an adhesive offers impact resistance and therefore shear resistance of at least 10 MPa and, in this case close to 16MPa.

On obtient donc un élément de construction 1 qui est de type composite sandwich. On associe, dans un tel type d'élément, avec un effet de synergie des matériaux qui, individuellement présentent des faiblesses structurelles. Ainsi, les feuilles 3 à 8 sont particulièrement résistantes à la flexion, à l'arrachement et à la compression alors que le corps 2 est remarquablement résistant au cisaillement L'élément 1 associe, avec un effet synergétique ces diffarentes caractéristiques.A building element 1 is therefore obtained which is of the sandwich composite type. One associates, in such a type of element, with a synergistic effect of the materials which, individually present structural weaknesses. Thus, the sheets 3 to 8 are particularly resistant to bending, tearing and compression while the body 2 is remarkably resistant to shearing. The element 1 combines, with a synergistic effect, these different characteristics.

On obtient ainsi des éléments 1 qui présentent des caractéristiques d'isolation et de résistances mécaniques élevées, cela pour des éléments 1 qui, de manière préférée dans le cas de polyèdre régulier rectangle, comme illustré aux figures 1 à 3 font 2,50 m de long pour une section de 0,40 m par 0,40 m. De telles dimensions permettent le montage de parois ou de partie d'ouvrage d'art ou de bâtiments de façon rapide, avec peu d'éléments tout en offrant des caractéristiques mécaniques et d'isolation optimales.This gives elements 1 which have high insulation and mechanical resistance characteristics, this for elements 1 which, preferably in the case of regular rectangle polyhedron, as illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 are 2.50 m long for a section of 0.40 m by 0.40 m. Such dimensions allow the mounting of walls or part of a structure or buildings quickly, with few elements while providing optimal mechanical and insulation characteristics.

La figure 3 illustre l'assemblage de plusieurs éléments 1 ensemble. Une telle configuration se présente, par exemple, pour monter des parois de fortes épaisseurs, des éléments de construction de type poutre ou pylône. A la figure 3, douze élément 1 identiques sont réunis, par collage, en deux rangées de trois paires d'éléments 1. Ainsi, chaque élément 1 est collé à trois autres éléments 1 voisins. Pour cela, les faces visibles des feuilles 3 à 8 de de chaque élément sont collées aux faces visibles 3 à 8 des autres éléments voisins. Par faces visibles, on désigne les faces des feuilles 3 à 8 qui ne sont pas collées sur le corps 2.The figure 3 illustrates the assembly of several elements 1 together. Such a configuration occurs, for example, for mounting walls of great thickness, construction elements of the beam or pylon type. To the figure 3 , twelve identical element 1 are joined, by gluing, in two rows of three pairs of elements 1. Thus, each element 1 is glued to three other neighboring elements 1. For this, the visible faces of the sheets 3 to 8 of each element are glued to the visible faces 3 to 8 of the other neighboring elements. By visible faces is meant the faces of the sheets 3 to 8 which are not glued to the body 2.

Deux feuilles 15, 16 similaires aux feuilles 3 à 8, en ce qui concerne le matériau constitutif, sont représentées en position de pré-assemblage. Ces feuilles 15, 16 sont dites réarmement. On conçoit que ces feuilles ont des dimensions adaptées pour recouvrir, au moins en partie, les douze éléments 1 ainsi assemblés. Ici, pour plus de lisibilité, seules deux feuilles sont illustrées, étant entendu que, dans certains modes de réalisation, seules certaines des faces des éléments réunis sont recouvertes par une feuille en un matériau à base de bois. Dans d'autres modes de réalisation, toutes les faces visibles des éléments assemblés sont recouvertes par des feuilles similaires aux feuilles 15, 16. Dans ce cas, il faut prévoir six feuilles pour recouvrir toutes les faces visibles des douze éléments 1 assemblés, y compris les faces d'extrémités. En variante, les feuilles utilisées sont de nature différente.Two sheets 15, 16 similar to sheets 3 to 8, as regards the constituent material, are shown in the pre-assembly position. These sheets 15, 16 are said to be reset. It is understood that these sheets have dimensions adapted to cover, at least in part, the twelve elements 1 thus assembled. Here, for more readability, only two sheets are illustrated, it being understood that, in certain embodiments, only some of the faces of the joined elements are covered by a sheet made of a wood-based material. In other embodiments, all the visible faces of the assembled elements are covered by sheets similar to the sheets 15, 16. In this case, it is necessary to provide six sheets to cover all the visible faces of the twelve assembled elements 1, including the end faces. As a variant, the sheets used are of a different nature.

La présence de feuilles 15, 16 supplémentaires dans un matériau à base de bois, ici le même que celui composant les feuilles 3 à 8, donc en OSB, collées sur les éléments 1 assemblés assurent un réarmenment de l'ensemble des éléments 1. De cette manière, on effectue second recouvrement des corps principaux des élements, toujours par collage, qui renforce la résistance mécanique des éléments assemblés,The presence of additional sheets 15, 16 in a wood-based material, here the same as that composing the sheets 3 to 8, therefore in OSB, bonded to the assembled elements 1 ensure rearmament of all of the elements 1. De in this way, a second covering of the main bodies of the elements is carried out, still by gluing, which reinforces the mechanical resistance of the assembled elements,

La présence, de facto, d'une double épaisseur sur au moins certaines des faces des éléments assemblés pour former une partie d'un bâtiment participent à l'optimisation des caractéristiques d'isolation des parties de bâtiment ainsi réalisées. Par ailleurs, le collage de ces deux feuilles 3 à 8 et 15, 16 induit un effet de laminage, à savoir une synergie qui induit une résistance mécanique de l'ensemble des deux feuilles supérieure à la somme des résistances mécaniques unitaires des deux feuilles. Dans tous les cas, pour préserver la synergie évoquée et les caractéristiques d'isolation, les feuilles de réarmement 15, 16 sont collées et aboutées de sorte que les joints de liaison entre les feuilles 15, 16 ne sont jamais alignés avec les joints de liaison entre deux éléments 1 assemblés.The presence, de facto, of a double thickness on at least some of the faces of the elements assembled to form a part of a building participate in optimizing the insulation characteristics of the building parts thus produced. Furthermore, the bonding of these two sheets 3 to 8 and 15, 16 induces a laminating effect, namely a synergy which induces a mechanical strength of the assembly of the two sheets greater than the sum of the unit mechanical strengths of the two sheets. In all cases, to preserve the synergy mentioned and the insulation characteristics, the rearming sheets 15, 16 are glued and abutted so that the connection joints between the sheets 15, 16 are never aligned with the connection joints between two assembled elements 1.

La figure 4 illustre un assemblage de seize éléments 1 pour réaliser une paroi P dont la largeur correspond sensiblement à celle, unitaire, des éléments 1. Les plans de joints entre les éléments 1, donc les zones de collage, sont représentés en gras, pour plus de lisiblité. On conçoit que, lorsque plusieurs feuilles de réarmement 15, 16 sont aboutées et collées sur chauqe face 17, 18 de la paroi P afin de couvrir complétement les faces 17, 18. On obtient une paroi P dont la structure interne est formée de plusieurs blocs pleins, ici les éléments 1 collés ensemble, définissant, de facto une structure en nids d'abeilles dont les alvéoles sont pleines, les parois externes de la structure étant formées par les feuilles de réarmement 15, 16,The figure 4 illustrates an assembly of sixteen elements 1 to produce a wall P whose width corresponds substantially to that, unitary, of the elements 1. The planes of joint between the elements 1, therefore the bonding zones, are shown in bold, for more readability . It is understood that, when several rearming sheets 15, 16 are butted and glued to each face 17, 18 of the wall P in order to completely cover the faces 17, 18. A wall P is obtained whose internal structure is formed from several blocks full, here the elements 1 glued together, defining, de facto, a honeycomb structure whose cells are full, the external walls of the structure being formed by the reset sheets 15, 16,

On conçoit que, en variante, ces feuilles peuvent elles-mêmes être couvertes avec un autre matériau, par exemple des tuiles, un revêtement de type enduit, peinture ou une plaque de bardage en fibrociment ou métallique. La figure 5 illustre, de façon simplifiés, une portion de mur M qui comprend des éléments 1 empilés et collés ensemble. Une feuille de réarmement 20 est collée sur la face 19 du mur M destinée à être orientés vers l'extérieur du bâtiment fini. Sur cette feuille 20, une plaque d'un revêtement extérieur 21 est collée, afin de protéger la feuille 20 des agressions extérieurs tout en participant aux propriétés mécaniques du mur M et à son esthétique. Avantageusement la plaque 21 est collée en décalé par rapport à la feuille 20 afin que les joints de liaison respectifs entre les plaques 21 aboutées et les feuilles 20 aboutées ne soient pas alignés. On note que le premier élément 1, situé en partie basse du mur M, repose sur une dalle flottante 22. Entre cette dalle 22 et le sol, une barrière d'étanchéité, non illustrée, est prévue pour éviter toute remontée d'humidité.It is understood that, as a variant, these sheets can themselves be covered with another material, for example tiles, a coating of the coated, paint or cladding type made of fiber cement or metal. The figure 5 illustrates, in a simplified manner, a portion of wall M which comprises elements 1 stacked and glued together. A rearming sheet 20 is glued to the face 19 of the wall M intended to be oriented towards the outside of the finished building. On this sheet 20, a plate of an external coating 21 is glued, in order to protect the sheet 20 from external aggressions while participating in the mechanical properties of the wall M and in its aesthetics. Advantageously, the plate 21 is glued offset from the sheet 20 so that the respective connection joints between the abutment plates 21 and the abutment sheets 20 are not aligned. Note that the first element 1, located in the lower part of the wall M, rests on a floating slab 22. Between this slab 22 and the ground, a sealing barrier, not shown, is provided to prevent any rise in humidity.

On note qu'un mur M et plus généralement un bâtiment, ainsi réalisé, présente un mode de construction alliant, avec un effet de synergie, les avantages d'une paroi en laminé par collage de panneaux à base de bois avec ceux d'une structure de murs en nids d'abeilles pleins. En effet, une paroi réalisée par laminage présente une résistance mécanique élevée. Une paroi comportant une structure en nids d'abeilles a une résistance importante à la flexion et aux déformations. Ainsi, avec la mise en œuvre des éléments 1 selon le procédé de l'invention, on obtient, outre les effets précédemment indiqués, un effet sandwich au niveau de chaque élément 1. Ce dernier a une résistance mécanique supérieure à la somme des résistances unitaires du corps 2 et des feuilles 3 à 8. Ainsi, une partie d'un bâtiment, un bâtiment ou un ouvrage d'art réalisé selon l'invention réunit l'ensemble des avantages évoqués.It is noted that a wall M and more generally a building, thus produced, has a construction method combining, with a synergistic effect, the advantages of a laminated wall by bonding of wood-based panels with those of a structure of solid honeycomb walls. Indeed, a wall produced by rolling has a high mechanical resistance. A wall with a structure in honeycombs has significant resistance to bending and deformation. Thus, with the implementation of the elements 1 according to the method of the invention, one obtains, in addition to the previously indicated effects, a sandwich effect at the level of each element 1. The latter has a mechanical resistance greater than the sum of the unit resistances of the body 2 and of the sheets 3 to 8. Thus, part of a building, a building or a work of art produced according to the invention combines all of the advantages mentioned.

Par ailleurs, outre l'absence de tout pont thermique dans la construction, le contreventement est réalisé selon trois axes. En effet, comme cela ressort des figures 3 et 4 une partie d'une paroi, ou plus généralement une partie de la construction, est formée par plusieurs éléments reliés, chacun à au moins deux et avantageusement trois autre éléments. De cette manière, chaque élément forme un contreventement pour les éléments auxquels il est relié. L'ensemble est par ailleurs réarmé par une feuille 15, 16, 20. Un tel procédé de construction permet de répartir les charges, non plus sur des piliers montants et certains murs dits porteurs mais sur l'ensemble du pourtour du bâtiment. De cette manière on réalise un bâtiment ou un ouvrage d'art répondant aux exigences en matière parasismique, cela tout en autorisant la réalisation de bâtiments à étages ou d'ouvrages d'art en hauteur.Furthermore, in addition to the absence of any thermal bridge in the construction, the bracing is carried out along three axes. Indeed, as is clear from figures 3 and 4 a part of a wall, or more generally a part of the construction, is formed by several connected elements, each with at least two and advantageously three other elements. In this way, each element forms a brace for the elements to which it is connected. The assembly is also rearmed by a sheet 15, 16, 20. Such a construction method makes it possible to distribute the loads, no longer on rising pillars and certain so-called load-bearing walls but on the entire periphery of the building. In this way, a building or a work of art is produced which meets the earthquake-resistant requirements, while allowing the creation of multi-storey buildings or high-rise works of art.

Les figures suivantes illustrent d'autres modes de réalisation de l'invention et de sa mise en œuvre. La figure 6 illustre un élément 100, globalement en forme de polyèdre rectangle comme l'élément 1 mais dans lequel des gouttières 23, 24 ont été ménagées afin de permettre le passage de conduites et gaines techniques. Ces gouttières 23, 24 sont réalisées dans le corps principal de l'élément 100, donc dans le PSE puis, de façon analogue à l'élément 1, sont recouvertes par des feuilles d'OSB.The following figures illustrate other embodiments of the invention and its implementation. The figure 6 illustrates an element 100, generally in the form of a rectangle polyhedron like element 1 but in which gutters 23, 24 have been provided in order to allow the passage of conduits and technical sheaths. These gutters 23, 24 are produced in the main body of the element 100, therefore in the EPS then, similarly to the element 1, are covered with OSB sheets.

La figure 7 représente un élément 200 en forme de polyèdre rectangle cintré. Une telle forme d'éléments 200 permet de réaliser des parties de parois courbes, par exemple, un mur courbe ou un balcon.The figure 7 represents an element 200 in the form of a curved rectangle polyhedron. Such a form of elements 200 makes it possible to produce parts of curved walls, for example, a curved wall or a balcony.

On conçoit que les exemple des figures 6 et 7 ne sont pas limitatifs, de nombreuses formes géométriques étant réalisables grâce à la facilité d'usinage des matériaux constitutifs des éléments.We can see that the examples of Figures 6 and 7 are not limiting, many geometric shapes being achievable thanks to the ease of machining of the materials constituting the elements.

La figure 8 illustre une partie de paroi S formée de plusieurs éléments 300 ayant deux faces non parallèles, les autres faces étant parallèles. Dans ce cas la forme des éléments 300 est tronconique, ce qui permet, comme cela ressort de la figure 8, de réaliser des parois constitulives de tours ou de silo, ou plus généralement de parois en arc de cercle ou de voute, selon la position finale occupée dans l'ouvrage par les éléments 300 assemblés.The figure 8 illustrates a wall portion S formed of several elements 300 having two non-parallel faces, the other faces being parallel. In this case the shape of the elements 300 is frustoconical, which allows, as is apparent from the figure 8 , to produce constitutive walls of towers or silos, or more generally of walls in an arc or a vault, according to the final position occupied in the structure by the elements 300 assembled.

La figure 9 illsutre une partie de paroi D contitutive d'un dôme. Ici, les éléments 400 ont quatre faces non parallèles. En d'autres termes, ils sont configurés globalement en coin. Bien entendu, que ce soit à la figure 8 ou 9, les éléments 300 et 400 sont formés d'un corps principal en PSE recouvert sur toutes ses faces par une feuille en OSB. Les éléments 300, 400 sont collés ensemble avant d'être couverts par au moins une feuille de réarmement.The figure 9 illsutre a part of wall D contitutive of a dome. Here, the elements 400 have four non-parallel faces. In other words, they are globally configured as a corner. Of course, whether at the figure 8 or 9 , the elements 300 and 400 are formed of a main body made of EPS covered on all its faces by a sheet of OSB. The elements 300, 400 are glued together before being covered by at least one rearming sheet.

La figure 10 illustre la réalisation d'un organe porteur O, tel une poutre avec des élément 1. Trente-huit éléments 1 forment ici la poutre O, cette dernière étant en forme de polyèdre rectangle à section carrée. Les trete-huit éléments 1 sont répartis en trois rangées empilées. Des feuilles d'OSB rectangulaires 25 à 28B viennent assurer le réarmement, et définir les quatre faces de l'organe O. La rangée centrale R est dépourvue d'élément 1 en partie centrale, ménageant ainsi un passage pour une conduite ou une gaine technique. En d'autres termes, la rangée R comprend ici huit éléments, les deux rangées situées au-dessus et au-dessous de la rangée R comprenant quant à elles quinze éléments chacune. Chaque rangée est séparée de la rangée voisine, donc située au-dessous et/ou au-dessus, par une feuille de réarmement interne 28A, 28B. On réalise ainsi un réarmement interne et externe de la poutre O par les feuilles 25 à 28B, ce qui participe à la réalisation d'une strucutre en nids d'abeilles. En variante, il y a aussi quinze éléments 1 pour former la rangée R, la poutre O étant alors pleine.The figure 10 illustrates the production of a support member O, such as a beam with element 1. Thirty-eight elements 1 here form the beam O, the latter being in the form of a rectangular polyhedron with a square section. The trete-eight elements 1 are distributed in three stacked rows. Rectangular OSB sheets 25 to 28B come to reset, and define the four faces of the member O. The central row R is devoid of element 1 in the central part, thus providing a passage for a pipe or a technical sheath . In other words, row R here comprises eight elements, the two rows situated above and below row R comprising fifteen elements each. Each row is separated from the neighboring row, therefore situated below and / or above, by an internal rearming sheet 28A, 28B. One thus realizes an internal and external rearming of the beam O by the sheets 25 to 28B, which takes part in the realization of a structure in honeycombs. As a variant, there are also fifteen elements 1 to form the row R, the beam O then being full.

On conçoit que le passage central réalisé dans la rangée R se poursuit sur toute la longueur de la poutre O entre les deux extrémités. Bien entendu, en variante, le nombre d'éléments par rangée eset différent. Un tel organe peut être utilisé comme pylône, poteau porteur ou linteau dans différents types de bâtimetns et d'ouvrages.It is understood that the central passage made in row R continues over the entire length of the beam O between the two ends. Of course, as a variant, the number of elements per row is different. Such an organ can be used as a pylon, support post or lintel in different types of buildings and structures.

La figure 11 représente un autre mode de réalisation de deux organes T, similaires à l'organe O de la figure 10 dans leur mode individuel de réalisation. Ici, deux organes T sont pourvus, en plus du passage axial selon la longueur de chaque organe T, comme dans l'organe O, d'un passage transversal, sensiblement à mi-longueur de chaque organe T. Une telle configuration permet d'associer ensemble deux organes T à angle droit, de sorte à préserver les débouchés d'extrémités aux passages centraux des deux organes lorsque ceux-ci sont collés ensemble à angle droit.The figure 11 represents another embodiment of two organs T, similar to the organ O of the figure 10 in their individual embodiment. Here, two members T are provided, in addition to the axial passage along the length of each member T, as in member O, with a transverse passage, substantially mid-length of each member T. Such a configuration allows associate together two members T at a right angle, so as to preserve the end openings at the central passages of the two members when the latter are glued together at a right angle.

Dans d'autres modes de réalisation non illustrés, les organes porteurs sont en forme de H, de tubes ou autres.In other embodiments not shown, the support members are H-shaped, tubes or the like.

Pour la réalisation d'un bâtiment, à étages ou non, on définit au préalable, par calepinage, la forme et le nombre d'éléments nécessaires à la construction. Les éléments sont assemblés en usine, acheminés sur site et montés sur place, par collage pour former d'abord des parties de bâtiment qui, reliées entre elles, constituent le bâtiment. Il faut noter que, avec des éléments conformes à l'invention, les charpentes, toitures, terrasses et planchers sont formé par les seuls éléments assemblés. De même, un tel bâtiment est dépourvu de linteau. Ces derniers ne sont plus nécessaires, les ouvertures étant délimitées par l'absence d'éléments dans certaines zones des parois.For the realization of a building, with floors or not, we define beforehand, by layout, the shape and the number of elements necessary for the construction. The elements are assembled in the factory, transported to the site and assembled on site, by gluing to first form building parts which, linked together, constitute the building. It should be noted that, with elements in accordance with the invention, the frames, roofs, terraces and floors are formed by the only assembled elements. Likewise, such a building has no lintel. The latter are no longer necessary, the openings being delimited by the absence of elements in certain areas of the walls.

Afin de faciliter le repérage et donc l'assemblage des éléments, ceux-ci sont pourvus d'un marquage permettant leurs identifications. Avantageusement, il s'agit d'un code barre. En variante, on peut utiliser d'autres moyens de marquage, associés ou non au code barre, par exemple un code couleur. Dans la mesure où le corps principal de chaque élément, pris séparément, a une résistance élevée au cisaillement et qu'entre chaque corps principal on a une régide formée par le collage d'au moins deux feuilles en un matériau à résistance élevée à la traction, on obtient une paroi, verticale ou non, ou une partie du bâtiement ou de l'ouvrage d'art, qui se comporte comme une structure en nids d'abeilles avec des alvéoles pleines. De facto, le bâtiment ou l'ouvrage d'art dans son ensemble se comporte également comme une structure en nids d'abeilles. On obtient ainsi un comportement homogène de l'ensemble du bâtiment. En particulier, les phénomènes de dilatation se font sur l'ensemble du bâtiment ou de l'ouvrage d'art, et non pas individuellement sur telle ou telle partie du bâtiment. En d'autres termes, dans le cas d'un bâtiment à étages, chaque étage est lui-même structurel. Un tel comportement du bâtiment permet à celui-ci de former un construction parasismique.In order to facilitate the identification and therefore the assembly of the elements, they are provided with a marking allowing their identifications. Advantageously, it is a bar code. As a variant, it is possible to use other marking means, associated or not with the bar code, for example a color code. Insofar as the main body of each element, taken separately, has a high shear strength and that between each main body there is a rule formed by the bonding of at least two sheets of a material with high tensile strength , one obtains a wall, vertical or not, or part of the building or of the work of art, which behaves like a honeycomb structure with full cells. De facto, the building or the structure as a whole also behaves like a honeycomb structure. We thus obtain a homogeneous behavior of the whole building. In particular, the phenomena of expansion take place over the entire building or the civil engineering structure, and not individually over a particular part of the building. In other words, in the case of a multi-storey building, each storey is itself structural. Such behavior of the building allows it to form an earthquake-resistant construction.

En variante, il est possible de livrer séparément le corps principal et les feuilles qui le recouvrent, le collage de ces composants pour faire un élément étant réalisé in situ. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, les feuilles sont préassemblées, par exemple en forme de boites pliées. Elles sont expédiées, avec un encombrement minimal sous cette forme, par exemple par container. Sur site, ou à proximité de ce dernier, le corps principal est façonné, introduit dans le volume défini entre les feuilles en configuration dépliée et collé. Une telle solution permet d'acheminer sur site les éléments avec un minimum de contraintes de transport. Le corps principal en PSE est réalisé sur place, par exemple à partir de polystyrène recyclé. Une telle solution est particulièrement intéressante pour la réalisation de bâtiments ou d'ouvrage d'art dans des zones difficiles d'accès et/ou aux infrastructures industrielles limitées.As a variant, it is possible to deliver the main body and the sheets covering it separately, the bonding of these components to make an element being carried out in situ. In another embodiment, the sheets are pre-assembled, for example in the form of folded boxes. They are shipped, with a minimal footprint in this form, for example by container. On site, or close to the latter, the main body is shaped, introduced into the volume defined between the sheets in the unfolded and glued configuration. Such a solution makes it possible to transport the elements on site with a minimum of transport constraints. The main EPS body is made on site, for example from recycled polystyrene. Such a solution is particularly advantageous for the construction of buildings or engineering structures in areas that are difficult to access and / or with limited industrial infrastructure.

Claims (6)

  1. Method for assembling a set of building elements (1; 100; 200; 300; 400), the outer walls (3 to 8) of each element (1; 100; 200; 300; 400) defining a volume for receiving a main body (2), in the shape of a polyhedron, occupying the whole of said receiving volume and of which at least two faces (9 to 14) are parallel, the main body (2) being made of a rigid insulating material formed by expanded polystyrene or EPS with a density of at least 10 kg/m3 and each of the faces (9 to 14) of the main body (2) being completely covered by at least one sheet (3 to 8, 15, 16; 20; 25 to 28B) made of a wood-based material, each sheet (3 to 8) being adhered to said face (9 to 14) of the main body (2) which receives it, said method comprising at least the following steps:
    - a) assembling two complementary outer faces (3 to 8) of two building elements (1; 100; 200; 300; 400) by adhesion,
    - b) continuing with the assembly carried out in step a) by adhering other faces (3 to 8) of said elements (1; 100; 200; 300; 400) to complementary outer faces (3 to 8) of other building elements (1; 100; 200; 300; 400) until a predefined part (P; M, S, D, O, T) of a building or of an engineering structure is obtained,
    - c) adhering sheets (15, 16; 20; 25 to 28B), referred to as cladding sheets, made of a wood-based material, to at least a part of the coplanar faces (3 to 8; 17, 18; 19) of the elements (1; 100; 200; 300; 400) assembled in the preceding steps,
    - d) repeating steps a) to c) until the predefined part (P, M, S, D, O, T) of the building or of the engineering structure is obtained.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that after step d), during an additional step e), a sheet (21) of a protective and/or decorative coating is adhered to at least one of the faces (20) of the part (M) of the building or of the engineering structure produced.
  3. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that, during step c), the cladding sheets (15, 16; 20; 25 to 28B) are adhered to the coplanar faces (3 to 8; 17, 18; 19) of the assembled elements (1; 100; 200; 300; 400) such that the connecting joints between two assembled elements (1; 100; 200; 300; 400) are never aligned with the connecting joints of two abutted cladding sheets (15, 16; 20; 25 to 28).
  4. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that each wood-based sheet (3 to 8, 15, 16; 20; 25 to 28B) is a sheet, having a thickness of at least 5 mm, of strips of wood referred to as OSB (Oriented Strand Board) or of plywood.
  5. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one gutter (23, 24) is formed in the main body of at least one element (100), the gutter defining a passage for conduits and service ducts.
  6. Building or engineering structure of which at least a part (P; M; S; D; O; T) is made with at least three building elements (1; 100; 200; 300; 400) assembled in accordance with the assembly method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that said elements (1; 100; 200; 300; 400) are assembled so as to define a honeycomb structure with solid cells (1; 100; 200; 300; 400), the outer walls of the honeycomb structure being defined by the cladding sheets (15, 16; 20; 25 to 28B).
EP17768837.1A 2016-09-06 2017-08-28 Method for assembling building elements and building thus produced Active EP3510211B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1601314A FR3055638B1 (en) 2016-09-06 2016-09-06 ELEMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION, ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE OF SUCH ELEMENTS AND CONSTRUCTION THUS CARRIED OUT
PCT/FR2017/052285 WO2018046819A1 (en) 2016-09-06 2017-08-28 Method for assembling building elements and building thus produced

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EP3510211A1 EP3510211A1 (en) 2019-07-17
EP3510211B1 true EP3510211B1 (en) 2020-04-22

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EP (1) EP3510211B1 (en)
CA (1) CA3035826C (en)
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WO (1) WO2018046819A1 (en)

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CN112324042A (en) * 2020-09-21 2021-02-05 安徽鋐硕绿色建材科技有限公司 Foaming insulating brick with good flame retardant effect

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CA3035826A1 (en) 2018-03-15
FR3055638A1 (en) 2018-03-09
FR3055638B1 (en) 2020-10-02
WO2018046819A1 (en) 2018-03-15
EP3510211A1 (en) 2019-07-17
US20190203468A1 (en) 2019-07-04
CA3035826C (en) 2021-02-16

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