EP2576933B1 - Cardboard construction element and construction method using such elements - Google Patents

Cardboard construction element and construction method using such elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2576933B1
EP2576933B1 EP11789321.4A EP11789321A EP2576933B1 EP 2576933 B1 EP2576933 B1 EP 2576933B1 EP 11789321 A EP11789321 A EP 11789321A EP 2576933 B1 EP2576933 B1 EP 2576933B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
construction
cardboard
shoe
construction method
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11789321.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2576933A2 (en
Inventor
Samuel Nogha
Philippe Brua
Jean-Marc Laurent
Claude Meyer
Philippe Jacob
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Nogha Consulting
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Nogha Consulting
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Publication of EP2576933A2 publication Critical patent/EP2576933A2/en
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Publication of EP2576933B1 publication Critical patent/EP2576933B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3444—Corrugated sheets
    • E04C2002/3466—Corrugated sheets with sinusoidal corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3472—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets with multiple layers of profiled spacer sheets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of construction based on cardboard elements having a height, a width and a thickness.
  • the present invention will find its application more particularly in the field of construction.
  • a building in the case of a dwelling or other, is made from bricks or blocks that only a specialized workforce is able to implement on a foundation or slab adapted.
  • the floors and slabs are designed, traditionally, either from beams and slabs, or prefabricated slab elements, on which we just pour concrete .
  • the document EP 1,533,434 discloses a structural panel for the manufacture of pallets.
  • the document CA1298056C discloses a method of construction using cardboard-based construction according to the state of the art.
  • the present invention is intended to provide a method of construction using cardboard-based building elements that are self-supporting, that is, capable of serving for the construction of real buildings not simply a shelter for the wealthy .
  • the method of the invention uses cardboard-based construction elements having a height, a width and a thickness, and formed, in the direction of the thickness, of an alternation of one or more flat cardboard boards with one or more corrugated boards and having, in their thickness and extending in the direction of the height and / or width, at least one structuring stiffener.
  • such structuring stiffener can be tubular, "U” or constituted by an assembly of angles.
  • At least two of its opposite edges it comprises at least one interlocking rebate to cooperate, by interlocking, with an adjacent construction element.
  • this construction element comprises on at least one of its sides a wooden or wood-based cover plate.
  • this construction element comprises on at least one of its sides bracing means, such as a lathing for receiving, in a braced manner, a lining panel or a coating dressing.
  • the advantages deriving from the present invention consist in that, through the structuring stiffener (s), crossing preferentially through and in the direction of the height the construction element, the latter, already self-supporting in itself, gaining strength under a load as well as bending, giving a structure a mechanical strength close to more traditional building elements.
  • the method also provides for the design of a roof and a floor by means of cardboard modules, consisting, like the building elements, of an alternation of one or more boards of cardboard with one or more boards of corrugated board.
  • the present invention relates to a method of construction using building elements 1 based on cardboard. More particularly and as visible in this figure 1 , this building element 1 consists of an alternation of one or more boards of flat cardboard 2, 3 with one or more boards of corrugated cardboard 4 laminated in the direction of the thickness 5 of this building element 1, comprising still a height 6 and a width 7.
  • the height 6 of such a construction element can be substantially equal to the height, between slabs, of a floor of a construction as visible in FIG. figure 5 .
  • this height can be between 2 and 4m, preferably of the order of 3.5m.
  • lower height building elements can be designed able to realize high or low transoms intervening in the definition of the frame of an opening in a construction, such as a door or window.
  • these construction elements 1, according to the invention can adopt different standard widths so as to be able to adapt to the architectural constraints of a building to be designed, whether in terms of dimensions or even spacing and size. openings.
  • this construction element 1 can be of the type that can be cut to adapt to these dimensional constraints of a building.
  • such a construction element 1 can be designed in angle.
  • this element 1 in its thickness and oriented in the direction of the height 6 and / or width 7, also comprises at least one structuring stiffener 8.
  • such structuring stiffener is made from cardboard.
  • the figure 1 it may be of the tubular type, but it may adopt any form of profile for example in "U" 8A, as visible in the figure 2 . It can also be in the form of an angle 8B or an assembly of several corner profiles 8B as shown in FIG. figure 3 .
  • a structuring stiffener 8 consisting of angle profiles 8B, in example four, encircling a core 8C, preferably made of cardboard.
  • this cardboard core 8C may consist of an alternation of one or more boards of cardboard with one or more planks of corrugated cardboard.
  • the angle profiles 8B are held around this core 8C by means of a suitable 8D strapping.
  • this structuring stiffener 8 may, if it is of the tubular type, constitute a formwork element in which may be cast or introduced in a form a suitable material, for example, to increase the compressive strength so the load of such a construction element 1 according to the invention.
  • such structuring stiffener 8 can be engaged a wooden pole or a metal section of adapted section.
  • structuring stiffeners 8 can be integrated in the thickness of the construction element 1. They can be spaced from each other, as visible on the Figures 1 and 4 or contiguous, solution not shown in the drawings. In particular, these structuring stiffeners 8 can form an intermediate layer in this thickness of the construction element 1, extending in parallel between two layers of boards of flat cardboards 2, 3 alternated with boards of corrugated board 4.
  • this building element on at least two of its opposite edges 9, 10, preferably those forming the vertical edges of this building element 1, it comprises at least one interlocking rabbet 11 for the nesting of two juxtaposed building elements 1.
  • these interlocking rabbets 11 may be of the male and female type respectively on each of the vertical edges 9, 10 respectively.
  • the latter may adopt a shape that is symmetrical with respect to a vertical median plane 12 thus allowing the nesting of two construction elements 1 juxtaposed by reversal of one with respect to the other, as visible in the figure 4 .
  • two elements of construction 1 arranged next to each other comprise, respectively, at their contiguous edges, a flange 13 overlapping with respect to each other in a median section plane 13 .
  • such a construction element 1 may be coated with a layer of a hydrophobic material and / or flame retardant.
  • this facing plate 17, 18 is wood or wood-based.
  • this plate can be constituted by a thin slat panel oriented OSB, offering excellent mechanical performance.
  • At least one cover plate 17, 18 may be affixed bracing means 19 for the future reception of a lining panel 17A, in particular on the inside, or a coating dressing 18A, for example on the outside.
  • Such bracing means 19 may be in the form of a lath ratio, particularly at the periphery, along the vertical edges, respectively, 20, 21 and 22, 23 of the sides 15, 16 of a construction element 1.
  • bracing allows to preserve between the facing plates 17 and 18 and a lining panel or a cladding covering for the passage of electrical conduits or water, or even suitable heating means.
  • the building elements 1 may be equipped with an electrical wiring or any other heating network or water supply.
  • the corner construction element shown in the figure 4 consists of an alternation of one or more boards of flat cardboard with one or more corrugated boards of corrugated cardboard boards, some of which are oriented perpendicular to the others. Again, on its opposite vertical edges, it comprises at least one interlocking rabbet and on its sides 15, 16 forming, as the case, the outer side or the inner side of the construction, it receives facing plates 17, 18 with bracing means 19. Similarly, in the longitudinal direction, the corner construction element 1 incorporates structuring stiffeners 8.
  • a building element 1 built on a foundation plate 25 or a slab thanks, in particular, to a foot shoe 26 extending along the base plate or slab 25.
  • such a foot shoe 26 is in the form of a "U" groove advantageously made of wood, it being understood that the invention is not limited to such a material.
  • a foot shoe 26 U-shaped structure can be achieved by assembling laminated wood planks often called Lamibois or LVL for "Laminated Veeners Lumber”.
  • the inside width 27 of such a foot shoe 26 is substantially adjusted to the thickness of the building element 1, including the facing plates 17, 18.
  • bracing means 19 are set back with respect to the lower edges 29 and upper 30 of a construction element 1 by a distance 31 at least equal to the depth 32 of the "U" groove of the foot hoof 26.
  • construction elements 1 after assembly can be maintained at the upper edge 30 by a head shoe 33 of shape and structure identical to the foot shoe 26.
  • Such foot shoes 26 and head shoes 33 are therefore a low and high chaining of the construction.
  • Such a floor 34 for a structure consisting of building elements 1 according to the invention may consist of a plurality of wooden beams I spaced equidistantly between them. These beams 35 are fixed, at their ends 36, by means of prefabricated fastening flanges, known to those skilled in the art, on this foot shoe 26 or head 33.
  • this panel 37 can then rest one or a succession of cardboard modules 1A, constituted, like the building elements 1, an alternation of one or more boards of flat cardboard with one or more boards of corrugated board.
  • these modules 1A can be provided on at least one of their edges with a nesting rabbet for fitting them into each other to avoid any thermal bridge. It should be noted, moreover, that they may or may not incorporate structuring stiffeners 8.
  • FIG 5 it is illustrated, schematically, a structure whose roof 44 is also made of such cardboard modules 1A.
  • these modules 1A are maintained at the lower edge 29 and the upper edge 30 of a roof panel 45 via a foot shoe 26A and a head shoe 33A in the form of a false square adapted to the slope of this roof 44.
  • the foot shoe 26A is, in this case, to be fixed on the head shoe 33 of the building elements 1 forming the wall of the structure.
  • the head shoe 33A it is to be fixed to the head shoe 33A 'of the modules 1A forming the adjacent pan 45A of the roof 44.
  • the head shoes 33A and 33A' form, together, the apex of this roof 44.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé de construction à base d'éléments en carton comportant une hauteur, une largeur et une épaisseur.The invention relates to a method of construction based on cardboard elements having a height, a width and a thickness.

La présente invention trouvera son application plus particulièrement dans le domaine de la construction.The present invention will find its application more particularly in the field of construction.

De manière usuelle, une construction, s'agissant d'une habitation ou autre, est réalisée à partir de briques ou parpaings que seule une main-d'oeuvre spécialisée est capable de mettre en oeuvre sur une fondation ou dalle adaptée.Usually, a building, in the case of a dwelling or other, is made from bricks or blocks that only a specialized workforce is able to implement on a foundation or slab adapted.

A ce propos, si ces briques ou parpaings permettent d'édifier les murs de la construction, les planchers et dalles sont conçus, traditionnellement, soit partant de poutrelles et hourdis, soit d'éléments de dalle préfabriqués, sur lesquels on vient couler du béton.In this regard, if these bricks or breeze blocks allow to build the walls of the building, the floors and slabs are designed, traditionally, either from beams and slabs, or prefabricated slab elements, on which we just pour concrete .

Bien sûr, il est encore connu de réaliser des constructions à l'aide de structures métalliques habillées de bardages adaptés, tout comme le bois est, lui aussi, très largement utilisé sous forme de panneaux ou lames que l'on vient assembler pour la conception d'éléments verticaux ou horizontaux.Of course, it is still known to make constructions using metal structures cladding adapted cladding, just as the wood is also very widely used in the form of panels or blades that are just assembled for design vertical or horizontal elements.

Il n'empêche que la plupart de ces matériaux sont coûteux ou, comme cela a déjà été indiqué plus haut, de mise en oeuvre qui n'est à la portée que d'opérateurs qualifiés.Nevertheless, most of these materials are expensive or, as already mentioned above, implementation that is within the reach of qualified operators.

On connaît encore par le document EP-0 957 214 des plaques de construction pour la réalisation de petites maisons. Ces plaques sont constituées d'une superposition de planches de carton cannelé et comportent, au moins sur leur côté extérieur, un film de protection en matériau synthétique.We still know from the document EP-0 957 214 building plates for the realization of small houses. These plates consist of a superposition of corrugated cardboard boards and comprise, at least on their outer side, a protective film of synthetic material.

De manière évidente, de telles plaques de construction ne permettent, comme l'indique son inventeur, que la conception de petites constructions, voire d'abris provisoires.Obviously, such building plates do not allow, as indicated by its inventor, the design of small constructions or temporary shelters.

Il est également connu le document EP 1 760 206 A1 relatif à un panneau de construction constitué par une âme en carton alvéolaire ou ondulé destiné à la réalisation d'une structure modulaire, démontable et à usage temporaire. Ainsi, de telles structures sont généralement destinées à constituer des stands et ne sont pas destinés à la réalisation de véritables constructions, qui sont autoportantes et faites pour durer.It is also known the document EP 1 760 206 A1 relating to a building board consisting of a cardboard core alveolar or corrugated for the realization of a modular structure, removable and temporary use. Thus, such structures are generally intended to constitute stands and are not intended for the realization of real constructions, which are self-supporting and made to last.

Le document EP 1 533 434 divulgue un panneau structurel pour la fabrication de palettes. Le document CA1298056C divulgue un procédé de construction à l'aide de construction à base de carton selon l'état de la technique. La présente invention se veut à même de proposer un procédé de construction à l'aide d'éléments de construction à base de carton qui soient autoportants, autrement dit capables de servir à la construction de réels bâtiments ne correspondant pas simplement à des abris de fortuné.The document EP 1,533,434 discloses a structural panel for the manufacture of pallets. The document CA1298056C discloses a method of construction using cardboard-based construction according to the state of the art. The present invention is intended to provide a method of construction using cardboard-based building elements that are self-supporting, that is, capable of serving for the construction of real buildings not simply a shelter for the wealthy .

A cet effet, le procédé de l'invention utilise des éléments de construction à base de carton, comportant une hauteur, une largeur et une épaisseur, et constitués, dans le sens de l'épaisseur, d'une alternance d'une ou plusieurs planches de carton plat avec une ou plusieurs planches de carton cannelé et comportant, dans leur épaisseur et s'étendant dans le sens de la hauteur et/ou de la largeur, au moins un raidisseur structurant.For this purpose, the method of the invention uses cardboard-based construction elements having a height, a width and a thickness, and formed, in the direction of the thickness, of an alternation of one or more flat cardboard boards with one or more corrugated boards and having, in their thickness and extending in the direction of the height and / or width, at least one structuring stiffener.

De manière avantageuse, un tel raidisseur structurant peut être tubulaire, en « U » ou constitué par un assemblage de cornières.Advantageously, such structuring stiffener can be tubular, "U" or constituted by an assembly of angles.

Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, sur au moins deux de ses bords opposés, il comporte au moins une feuillure d'emboîtement pour coopérer, par emboîtement, avec un élément de construction adjacent.According to another feature of the invention, on at least two of its opposite edges, it comprises at least one interlocking rebate to cooperate, by interlocking, with an adjacent construction element.

Selon encore une autre particularité de l'invention, cet élément de construction comporte sur au moins un de ses côtés une plaque de recouvrement en bois ou à base de bois.According to yet another particularity of the invention, this construction element comprises on at least one of its sides a wooden or wood-based cover plate.

Selon encore une autre particularité de l'invention, cet élément de construction comporte sur au moins un de ses côtés des moyens d'entretoisement, tel un lattage pour la réception, de manière entretoisée, d'un panneau de doublage ou d'un revêtement d'habillage.According to yet another particularity of the invention, this construction element comprises on at least one of its sides bracing means, such as a lathing for receiving, in a braced manner, a lining panel or a coating dressing.

Les avantages découlant de la présente invention consistent en ce qu'au travers du ou des raidisseurs structurants, traversant préférentiellement de part en part et dans le sens de la hauteur l'élément de construction, celui-ci, déjà autoporteur en soi, gagne en résistance sous une charge ainsi qu'en flexion, conférant à une structure une tenue mécanique proche des éléments de construction plus traditionnels.The advantages deriving from the present invention consist in that, through the structuring stiffener (s), crossing preferentially through and in the direction of the height the construction element, the latter, already self-supporting in itself, gaining strength under a load as well as bending, giving a structure a mechanical strength close to more traditional building elements.

De ce fait, au travers de tels éléments de construction, et du procédé conforme à l'invention, on est en mesure de réaliser des constructions, non seulement avec une très grande rapidité, mais, en outre, d'un très haut coefficient d'isolation pour un coût de revient réduit.Therefore, through such building elements, and the method according to the invention, one is able to realize constructions, not only with a very great speed, but, in addition, a very high coefficient of insulation for a reduced cost.

Le procédé de l'invention est défini dans la revendication 1. Des modes de réalisation de l'invention sont définis aux revendications 2 à 8.The method of the invention is defined in claim 1. Embodiments of the invention are defined in claims 2 to 8.

L'invention concerne un procédé de construction à l'aide de ces éléments de construction consistant en ce que :

  • sur une semelle de fondation ou une dalle on dispose un sabot de pied de pied structure en « U »;
  • on emboîte dans ce sabot de pied et en disposition verticale les éléments de construction, tout en emboîtant, tout ou partie de ces éléments de construction latéralement les uns dans les autres grâce à leur feuillure d'emboîtement ;
  • on coiffe lesdits éléments de construction au moyen d'un sabot de tête ;
  • sur le sabot de pied et/ou le sabot de tête on fixe les extrémités de poutrelles bois en I d'une structure d'un plancher ;
  • entre deux poutrelles en I on dispose un panneau venant reposer sur le décrochement inférieur que définit l'aile horizontale inférieure par rapport à l'âme verticale d'une telle poutrelle en I ;
  • sur ce panneau on dépose un ou plusieurs modules en carton constitués d'une alternance d'une ou plusieurs planches de carton plat avec une ou plusieurs planches de carton cannelé contrecollées;
  • on complète par un élément d'ajustement adapté en carton l'interstice préservé entre un module en carton et l'âme verticale d'une poutrelle en I.
The invention relates to a method of construction using these building elements that:
  • on a foundation footing or a slab there is a "U" shaped toe foot;
  • the building elements are encased in this foot shoe and in vertical arrangement, while all or part of these building elements are laterally joined one to the other thanks to their interlocking rabbet;
  • said building elements are capped by means of a head shoe;
  • on the foot shoe and / or the head shoe are fixed the ends of I wooden beams of a structure of a floor;
  • between two I-beams there is a panel coming to rest on the lower recess that defines the lower horizontal flange relative to the vertical core of such a beam I;
  • on this panel is deposited one or more cardboard modules consisting of an alternation of one or more boards of flat cardboard with one or more planks of corrugated cardboard laminated;
  • the gap preserved between a cardboard module and the vertical core of an I-beam is completed by a cardboard fit element.

Le procédé prévoit également la conception d'une toiture et d'un plancher au moyen de modules en carton, constitués, tout comme les éléments de construction, d'une alternance d'une ou plusieurs planches de carton plat avec une ou plusieurs planches de carton cannelé.The method also provides for the design of a roof and a floor by means of cardboard modules, consisting, like the building elements, of an alternation of one or more boards of cardboard with one or more boards of corrugated board.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre se rapportant à des exemples de réalisation illustrés dans les dessins ci-joints, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une représentation schématisée et vue de dessus d'un élément de construction utilisé dans l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 illustre la section d'un raidisseur structurant de section en « U » ;
  • la figure 3 représente, vu en section, un raidisseur structurant constitué par un assemblage de cornières ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématisée, partielle et en coupe d'une construction réalisée à l'aide d'une juxtaposition d'éléments de construction selon l'invention;
  • la figure 5 est une représentation schématisée, partielle, en élévation et en coupe d'une construction réalisée à base d'éléments selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 6 est une représentation schématisée vue en coupe d'un plancher conçu à partir de modules en carton.
The present invention will be better understood on reading the following description relating to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic representation and view from above of a construction element used in the invention;
  • the figure 2 illustrates the section of a structuring stiffener section "U";
  • the figure 3 represents, in section, a structuring stiffener consisting of an assembly of angles;
  • the figure 4 is a schematic, partial and sectional view of a construction made using a juxtaposition of building elements according to the invention;
  • the figure 5 is a schematic representation, partial, in elevation and in section of a construction made of elements according to the invention;
  • the figure 6 is a schematic representation in section of a floor made from cardboard modules.

La présente invention a trait à un procédé de construction à l'aide d'éléments de construction 1 à base de carton. Plus particulièrement et tel que visible dans cette figure 1, cet élément de construction 1 est constitué d'une alternance d'une ou plusieurs planches de carton plat 2, 3 avec une ou plusieurs planches de carton cannelé 4 contrecollées dans le sens de l'épaisseur 5 de cet élément de construction 1, comportant encore une hauteur 6 et une largeur 7.The present invention relates to a method of construction using building elements 1 based on cardboard. More particularly and as visible in this figure 1 , this building element 1 consists of an alternation of one or more boards of flat cardboard 2, 3 with one or more boards of corrugated cardboard 4 laminated in the direction of the thickness 5 of this building element 1, comprising still a height 6 and a width 7.

En ce qui concerne la hauteur 6 d'un tel élément de construction, elle peut être égale, sensiblement, à la hauteur, entre dalles, d'un étage d'une construction comme visible dans la figure 5. Ainsi, cette hauteur peut être comprise entre 2 et 4m, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 3,5m. Il convient toutefois de remarquer, comme tente de l'illustrer la figure 4, qu'il peut être conçu des éléments de construction de plus faible hauteur aptes à réaliser des impostes hautes ou basses intervenant dans la définition de l'encadrement d'une ouverture dans une construction, telle une porte ou fenêtre.As regards the height 6 of such a construction element, it can be substantially equal to the height, between slabs, of a floor of a construction as visible in FIG. figure 5 . Thus, this height can be between 2 and 4m, preferably of the order of 3.5m. It should be noted, however, as attempting to illustrate figure 4 , that lower height building elements can be designed able to realize high or low transoms intervening in the definition of the frame of an opening in a construction, such as a door or window.

Par ailleurs, ces éléments de construction 1, selon l'invention, peuvent adopter différentes largeurs standard de manière à pouvoir s'adapter aux contraintes architecturales d'un bâtiment à concevoir, que ce soit en terme de dimensions ou encore d'écartement et taille d'ouvertures.Moreover, these construction elements 1, according to the invention, can adopt different standard widths so as to be able to adapt to the architectural constraints of a building to be designed, whether in terms of dimensions or even spacing and size. openings.

A noter, cependant, que cet élément de construction 1 peut être de type recoupable pour pouvoir s'adapter à ces contraintes dimensionnelles d'un bâtiment.It should be noted, however, that this construction element 1 can be of the type that can be cut to adapt to these dimensional constraints of a building.

De même et comme visible dans la figure 4, un tel élément de construction 1 peut être conçu en angle.Similarly and as visible in the figure 4 such a construction element 1 can be designed in angle.

Quoi qu'il en soit et selon l'invention, dans son épaisseur et orienté dans le sens de la hauteur 6 et/ou de largeur 7, cet élément de construction 1, selon l'invention, comporte encore au moins un raidisseur structurant 8.Anyway and according to the invention, in its thickness and oriented in the direction of the height 6 and / or width 7, this element 1, according to the invention, also comprises at least one structuring stiffener 8.

Préférentiellement, un tel raidisseur structurant est réalisé à base de carton. Ainsi, comme souhaite l'illustrer la figure 1, il peut être de type tubulaire, mais il peut adopter toute forme de profilé par exemple en « U » 8A, comme visible dans la figure 2. Il peut également se présenter sous forme d'une cornière 8B, voire d'un assemblage de plusieurs profils d'angle 8B comme représenté dans la figure 3. Dans ce cas particulier, on peut voir un raidisseur structurant 8 constitué de profils d'angle 8B, dans l'exemple quatre, cerclant une âme 8C, préférentiellement en carton. Là encore cette âme 8C en carton peut être constituée d'une alternance d'une ou plusieurs planches de carton plat avec une ou plusieurs planches de carton cannelé. Les profils d'angle 8B sont maintenus autour de cette âme 8C au moyen d'un cerclage 8D adapté.Preferably, such structuring stiffener is made from cardboard. Thus, as wishes to illustrate it the figure 1 it may be of the tubular type, but it may adopt any form of profile for example in "U" 8A, as visible in the figure 2 . It can also be in the form of an angle 8B or an assembly of several corner profiles 8B as shown in FIG. figure 3 . In this particular case, it is possible to see a structuring stiffener 8 consisting of angle profiles 8B, in example four, encircling a core 8C, preferably made of cardboard. Again this cardboard core 8C may consist of an alternation of one or more boards of cardboard with one or more planks of corrugated cardboard. The angle profiles 8B are held around this core 8C by means of a suitable 8D strapping.

Avantageusement, ce raidisseur structurant 8 peut, s'il est de type tubulaire, constituer un élément coffrant dans lequel peut être coulé ou introduit sous une forme un matériau adapté, par exemple, pour augmenter la résistance à la compression donc à la charge d'un tel élément de construction 1 selon l'invention.Advantageously, this structuring stiffener 8 may, if it is of the tubular type, constitute a formwork element in which may be cast or introduced in a form a suitable material, for example, to increase the compressive strength so the load of such a construction element 1 according to the invention.

De même, dans un tel raidisseur structurant 8 peut être engagé un poteau en bois ou un profilé métallique de section adaptée.Similarly, in such structuring stiffener 8 can be engaged a wooden pole or a metal section of adapted section.

Come indiqué plus haut, plusieurs raidisseurs structurants 8 peuvent être intégrés dans l'épaisseur de l'élément de construction 1. Ils peuvent y être espacés les uns des autres, comme visible sur les figures 1 et 4 ou accolés, solution non illustrée dans les dessins. En particulier, ces raidisseurs structurant 8 peuvent former une couche intermédiaire dans cette épaisseur de l'élément de construction 1, en s'étendant parallèlement entre deux couches de planches de cartons plat 2, 3 alternées avec des planches de carton cannelé 4.As indicated above, several structuring stiffeners 8 can be integrated in the thickness of the construction element 1. They can be spaced from each other, as visible on the Figures 1 and 4 or contiguous, solution not shown in the drawings. In particular, these structuring stiffeners 8 can form an intermediate layer in this thickness of the construction element 1, extending in parallel between two layers of boards of flat cardboards 2, 3 alternated with boards of corrugated board 4.

Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, sur au moins deux de ses bords opposés 9, 10, préférentiellement ceux formant les chants verticaux de cet élément de construction 1, celui-ci comporte au moins une feuillure d'emboîtement 11 pour l'emboîtement de deux éléments de construction 1 juxtaposés.According to another feature of the invention, on at least two of its opposite edges 9, 10, preferably those forming the vertical edges of this building element 1, it comprises at least one interlocking rabbet 11 for the nesting of two juxtaposed building elements 1.

En particulier, ces feuillures d'emboîtement 11 peuvent être de type respectivement mâle et femelle sur chacun des bords verticaux respectivement 9, 10. Cependant, pour faciliter la conception des éléments de construction 1, celui-ci peut adopter une forme symétrique par rapport à un plan médian vertical 12 permettant ainsi l'emboîtement de deux éléments de construction 1 juxtaposés par retournement de l'un par rapport à l'autre, comme visible dans la figure 4.In particular, these interlocking rabbets 11 may be of the male and female type respectively on each of the vertical edges 9, 10 respectively. However, to facilitate the design of the construction elements 1, the latter may adopt a shape that is symmetrical with respect to a vertical median plane 12 thus allowing the nesting of two construction elements 1 juxtaposed by reversal of one with respect to the other, as visible in the figure 4 .

Ainsi, deux éléments de construction 1 disposés l'un à côté de l'autre comportent, respectivement, au niveau de leurs bords jointifs, un rebord 13 venant en recouvrement l'un par rapport à l'autre selon un plan de coupe médian 13.Thus, two elements of construction 1 arranged next to each other comprise, respectively, at their contiguous edges, a flange 13 overlapping with respect to each other in a median section plane 13 .

De manière avantageuse, un tel élément de construction 1 peut être enduit d'une couche d'un matériau hydrophobe et/ou ignifuge.Advantageously, such a construction element 1 may be coated with a layer of a hydrophobic material and / or flame retardant.

Selon encore une autre particularité de l'invention, sur au moins un des côtés, préférentiellement sur chacun de ces côtés opposés 15, 16, de cet élément de construction 1, est appliquée une plaque de recouvrement 17, 18. De manière avantageuse, cette plaque de parement 17, 18 est en bois ou à base de bois. A titre d'exemple cette plaque peut être constituée en un panneau à lamelles minces orientées dit OSB, offrant d'excellentes performances mécaniques.According to yet another feature of the invention, on at least one of the sides, preferably on each of these opposite sides 15, 16, of this construction element 1, is applied a cover plate 17, 18. Advantageously, this facing plate 17, 18 is wood or wood-based. By way of example, this plate can be constituted by a thin slat panel oriented OSB, offering excellent mechanical performance.

Selon une autre particularité de l'invention, sur au moins une plaque de recouvrement 17, 18 peuvent être apposés des moyens d'entretoisement 19 pour la réception futur d'un panneau de doublage 17A, notamment du côté intérieur, ou d'un revêtement d'habillage 18A, par exemple du côté extérieur.According to another feature of the invention, on at least one cover plate 17, 18 may be affixed bracing means 19 for the future reception of a lining panel 17A, in particular on the inside, or a coating dressing 18A, for example on the outside.

De tels moyens d'entretoisement 19 peuvent se présenter sous forme d'un lattage rapporté, notamment en périphérie, le long des bords verticaux, respectivement, 20, 21 et 22, 23 des côtés 15, 16 d'un élément de construction 1.Such bracing means 19 may be in the form of a lath ratio, particularly at the periphery, along the vertical edges, respectively, 20, 21 and 22, 23 of the sides 15, 16 of a construction element 1.

L'avantage d'un tel entretoisement permet de préserver entre les plaques de parement 17 et 18 et un panneau de doublage ou un revêtement d'habillage pour le passage de conduites électriques ou d'eau, voire de moyens de chauffage adaptés.The advantage of such bracing allows to preserve between the facing plates 17 and 18 and a lining panel or a cladding covering for the passage of electrical conduits or water, or even suitable heating means.

D'ailleurs, dans cet espacement 24, les éléments de construction 1 peuvent être équipés d'un pré câblage électrique ou de tout autre réseau de chauffage ou d'adduction d'eau.Moreover, in this spacing 24, the building elements 1 may be equipped with an electrical wiring or any other heating network or water supply.

L'élément de construction d'angle illustré dans la figure 4 est constitué d'une alternance d'une ou plusieurs planches de carton plat avec une ou plusieurs planches de carton cannelé de planches de carton ondulé contrecollées dont certaines sont orientées perpendiculairement aux autres. Là encore, sur ses bords verticaux opposés, il comporte au moins une feuillure d'emboîtement et sur ses côtés 15, 16 formant, selon le cas, le côté extérieur ou le côté intérieur de la construction, il reçoit des plaques de parement 17, 18 avec des moyens d'entretoisement 19. De même, dans le sens longitudinal, l'élément de construction d'angle 1, intègre des raidisseurs structurants 8.The corner construction element shown in the figure 4 consists of an alternation of one or more boards of flat cardboard with one or more corrugated boards of corrugated cardboard boards, some of which are oriented perpendicular to the others. Again, on its opposite vertical edges, it comprises at least one interlocking rabbet and on its sides 15, 16 forming, as the case, the outer side or the inner side of the construction, it receives facing plates 17, 18 with bracing means 19. Similarly, in the longitudinal direction, the corner construction element 1 incorporates structuring stiffeners 8.

En se reportant à la figure 5, on voit un élément de construction 1, selon l'invention, édifié sur une semelle de fondation 25 ou une dalle grâce, notamment, à un sabot de pied 26 s'étendant le long de cette semelle de fondation ou cette dalle 25.Referring to the figure 5 , we see a building element 1 according to the invention, built on a foundation plate 25 or a slab thanks, in particular, to a foot shoe 26 extending along the base plate or slab 25.

Préférentiellement, un tel sabot de pied 26 se présente sous forme d'une gouttière en « U » avantageusement constituée à base de bois étant entendu que l'invention n'est nullement limitée à un tel matériau. A titre d'exemple, un tel sabot de pied 26 de structure en U peut être réalisé par assemblage de planches de bois contrecollées souvent dénommées lamibois ou LVL pour « Laminated Veeners Lumber ».Preferably, such a foot shoe 26 is in the form of a "U" groove advantageously made of wood, it being understood that the invention is not limited to such a material. For example, such a foot shoe 26 U-shaped structure can be achieved by assembling laminated wood planks often called Lamibois or LVL for "Laminated Veeners Lumber".

De manière avantageuse, la largeur intérieure 27 d'un tel sabot de pied 26 est sensiblement ajustée à l'épaisseur 5 de l'élément de construction 1, y compris les plaques de parement 17, 18.Advantageously, the inside width 27 of such a foot shoe 26 is substantially adjusted to the thickness of the building element 1, including the facing plates 17, 18.

D'ailleurs, les moyens d'entretoisement 19 se trouvent en retrait par rapport aux bords inférieur 29 et supérieur 30 d'un élément de construction 1 d'une distance 31 au moins égale à la profondeur 32 de la rainure en « U » du sabot de pied 26.Moreover, the bracing means 19 are set back with respect to the lower edges 29 and upper 30 of a construction element 1 by a distance 31 at least equal to the depth 32 of the "U" groove of the foot hoof 26.

De la même manière, les éléments de construction 1 après assemblage, peuvent être maintenus, en bordure supérieure 30 par un sabot de tête 33 de forme et de structure identique au sabot de pied 26.In the same manner, the construction elements 1 after assembly can be maintained at the upper edge 30 by a head shoe 33 of shape and structure identical to the foot shoe 26.

De tels sabots de pied 26 et sabots de tête 33 constituent, de ce fait, un chaînage bas et haut de la construction.Such foot shoes 26 and head shoes 33 are therefore a low and high chaining of the construction.

Comme tente de l'illustrer la figure 5, sur un tel sabot de pied 26 et/ou de tête 33 peut venir se fixer la structure d'un plancher 34 illustré dans la figure 6.As an attempt to illustrate figure 5 , on such a foot shoe 26 and / or head 33 can be fixed the structure of a floor 34 shown in the figure 6 .

Un tel plancher 34 pour une structure constituée d'éléments de construction 1 selon l'invention peut être constitué d'une pluralité de poutrelles bois en I 35 espacées de manière équidistantes entre elles. Ces poutrelles 35 sont fixées, à leurs extrémités 36, par l'intermédiaire de semelles de fixation préfabriquées, connues par l'homme du métier, sur ce sabot de pied 26 ou de tête 33.Such a floor 34 for a structure consisting of building elements 1 according to the invention may consist of a plurality of wooden beams I spaced equidistantly between them. These beams 35 are fixed, at their ends 36, by means of prefabricated fastening flanges, known to those skilled in the art, on this foot shoe 26 or head 33.

Entre deux poutrelles en I 35 peut être disposé un panneau 37 venant reposer sur le décrochement inférieur 38 que définit l'aile horizontale inférieure 39 par rapport à l'âme verticale 40 d'une telle poutrelle en I 35.Between two I-beams can be arranged a panel 37 coming to rest on the lower recess 38 defined by the lower horizontal flange 39 with respect to the vertical core 40 of such an I-beam.

Sur ce panneau 37 peut alors reposer un ou une succession de modules en carton 1A, constitués, tout comme les éléments de construction 1, d'une alternance d'une ou plusieurs planches de cartons plat avec une ou plusieurs planches de carton cannelé. De même, ces modules 1A peuvent être pourvus sur l'un au moins de leurs bords d'une feuillure d'emboitement permettant de les emboiter les uns dans les autres pour éviter tout pont thermique. A noter, de plus qu'ils peuvent ou non intégrer des raidisseurs structurant 8.On this panel 37 can then rest one or a succession of cardboard modules 1A, constituted, like the building elements 1, an alternation of one or more boards of flat cardboard with one or more boards of corrugated board. Similarly, these modules 1A can be provided on at least one of their edges with a nesting rabbet for fitting them into each other to avoid any thermal bridge. It should be noted, moreover, that they may or may not incorporate structuring stiffeners 8.

Dans la mesure où ces modules en carton 1A ont, pour l'engagement entre deux poutrelles en I 35, une largeur ajustée à la distance séparant les ailes horizontales supérieures 41 de deux poutrelles en I 35 juxtaposées, l'interstice 42 préservé entre un élément de construction 1 et l'âme verticale 40 d'une poutrelle en I 35, peut être compléter par un élément d'ajustement 43 adapté, là encore, préférentiellement, constitué en carton.Insofar as these cardboard modules 1A have, for the engagement between two I-beams I, a width adjusted to the distance separating the upper horizontal flanges 41 of two beams I juxtaposed, the gap 42 preserved between a building element 1 and the vertical core 40 of a beam I 35, can be completed by an adjustment element 43 adapted, again, preferably, consisting of cardboard-based.

Dans la figure 5, il est illustré, de manière schématisée, une structure dont la toiture 44 est elle aussi constituée de tels modules en carton 1A.In the figure 5 , it is illustrated, schematically, a structure whose roof 44 is also made of such cardboard modules 1A.

Là encore, ces modules 1A sont maintenus en bordure inférieure 29 et bordure supérieure 30 d'un pan 45 de toiture par l'intermédiaire d'un sabot de pied 26A et d'un sabot de tête 33A en forme de fausse équerre adaptée à la pente de cette toiture 44. Plus particulièrement, le sabot de pied 26A vient, dans ce cas, se fixer sur le sabot de tête 33 des éléments de construction 1 formant le mur de la structure. Quant au sabot de tête 33A, il vient à être fixé au sabot de tête 33A' des modules 1A formant le pan adjacent 45A de la toiture 44. En somme, les sabots de tête 33A et 33A' forment, ensemble, la faîtière de cette toiture 44.Again, these modules 1A are maintained at the lower edge 29 and the upper edge 30 of a roof panel 45 via a foot shoe 26A and a head shoe 33A in the form of a false square adapted to the slope of this roof 44. More particularly, the foot shoe 26A is, in this case, to be fixed on the head shoe 33 of the building elements 1 forming the wall of the structure. As for the head shoe 33A, it is to be fixed to the head shoe 33A 'of the modules 1A forming the adjacent pan 45A of the roof 44. In sum, the head shoes 33A and 33A' form, together, the apex of this roof 44.

En somme le procédé de construction à l'aide d'éléments de construction 1 selon l'invention consiste :

  • sur une semelle de fondation ou une dalle, on dispose un sabot de pied de structure en « U » 26 ;
  • on emboite dans ce sabot de pied 26, en disposition verticale les éléments de construction 1 tout en emboitant, tout ou partie de ces éléments de construction latéralement les uns dans les autres grâce à leur feuillure d'emboitement 11 ;
  • on coiffe lesdits éléments de construction au moyens d'un sabot de tête 33 ;
  • sur le sabot de tête 33 on fixe les extrémités 36 de poutrelles bois en I 35 d'une structure d'un plancher 34 ;
  • entre deux poutrelles en I 35 on dispose un panneau 37 sur lequel on dépose un ou plusieurs module en carton 1A;
  • on complète par un élément d'ajustement en carton 43 adapté l'interstice 42 préservé entre le ou les modules 1A et l'âme verticale 40 d'une poutrelle en I 35.
  • on maintient en bordure inférieure 29 et bordure supérieure 30 les modules n carton 1A formant un pan 45 de toiture 44 par l'intermédiaire d'un sabot de pied 26A et d'un sabot de tête 33A en forme de fausse équerre adaptée à la pente de cette toiture 44 ;
  • on fixe le sabot de pied 26A sur le sabot de tête 33 des éléments de construction 1 verticaux ;
  • on fixe le sabot de tête 33A au sabot de tête 33A' des modules en carton 1A formant le pan adjacent 45A de la toiture 44, de sorte que les sabots de tête 33A et 33A' ainsi solidarisés forment la faîtière de cette toiture (44).
In sum, the method of construction using building elements 1 according to the invention consists of:
  • on a foundation plate or a slab, there is a foot shoe structure "U"26;
  • in this foot shoe 26, the construction elements 1 are fitted in a vertical arrangement while all or part of these construction elements are interlocked laterally in one another thanks to their interlocking rabbet 11;
  • said construction elements are capped by means of a head shoe 33;
  • on the head shoe 33 is fixed the ends 36 of wood beams I 35 of a structure of a floor 34;
  • between two I-beams there is a panel 37 on which is deposited one or more cardboard module 1A;
  • it is supplemented by a cardboard adjustment element 43 adapted the gap 42 preserved between the module or modules 1A and the vertical core 40 of an I-beam 35.
  • the cardboard modules 1A forming a roof panel 45 are maintained at the bottom edge 29 and the top edge 30 by means of a foot shoe 26A and a head shoe 33A in the form of a false square adapted to the slope this roof 44;
  • the foot shoe 26A is fixed to the head shoe 33 of the vertical building elements 1;
  • the head shoe 33A is fixed to the head shoe 33A 'of the cardboard modules 1A forming the adjacent pan 45A of the roof 44, so that the end shoes 33A and 33A' thus secured form the roof ridge (44). .

Claims (8)

  1. A construction method using cardboard-based construction elements (1), said elements including:
    - a height (6), a width (7) and a thickness (5), and are formed, in the direction of the thickness (5), of an alternation of one or several flat cardboard sheets (2, 3) with one or several laminated corrugated cardboard sheets (4), and
    - in their thicknesses (5) and extending in the direction of the height (6) and/or the width (7), at least one structuring stiffener (8),
    - on at least two of its opposite edges (9, 10), each element (1) includes at least one encasement rabbet (11) intended to cooperate, through encasement, with an adjacent construction element (1), the construction method being characterized in that:
    - on a foundation sole or a slab is arranged a U-shaped structure foot shoe (26);
    - into this foot shoe (26) and according to a vertical arrangement are encased the construction elements (1), while all or part of these construction elements are laterally encased into each other by their encasement rabbet (11);
    - said construction elements are capped by means of a head shoe (33);
    - on the foot shoe (26) and/or the head shoe (33) are fixed the ends (36) of I-shaped wooden beams (35) of a structure of a floor (34);
    - between two I-shaped beams (35) is arranged a panel (37) resting on the lower setback (38) defined by the lower horizontal wing (39) relative to the vertical core (40) of such an I-shaped beam (35);
    - on this panel (37) are placed one or several cardboard modules (1A) consisting of an alternation of one or several flat cardboard sheets (2, 3) with one or several laminated corrugated cardboard sheets (4);
    - with an adapted adjustment cardboard element (43) is completed the gap (42) preserved between a cardboard module (1A) and the vertical core (40) of an I-shaped beam (35).
  2. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein:
    - at the bottom edge (29) and the top edge (30) the cardboard modules (1A) forming an area (45) of a roof (44) are maintained by means of a foot shoe (26A) and a head shoe (33A) having the shape of a false square adapted to the slope of this roof (44);
    - the foot shoe (26A) is fastened to the head shoe (33) of the vertical construction elements (1);
    - the head shoe (33A) is fastened to the head shoe (33A') of the cardboard modules (1A) forming the adjacent area (45A) of the roof (44), so that the head shoes (33A) and (33A') thus made integral form the ridge of this roof (44).
  3. The construction method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a structuring stiffener (8) consists of at least one cardboard profile, whether tubular or not.
  4. The construction method according to the preceding claim, wherein a tubular structuring stiffener (8) consists of several angle profiles (8B) encircling a core (8C).
  5. The construction method according to the preceding claim, wherein the core (8C) is made of cardboard and consists of an alternation of one or several flat cardboard sheets with one or several laminated corrugated cardboard sheets.
  6. The construction method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said construction element (1) includes, on at least one of its sides (15, 16), a wooden or wood-based cover plate (17, 18).
  7. The construction method according to the preceding claim, wherein bracing means (19) for receiving a lining panel (17A) or a covering cladding (18A) are affixed to at least one covering plate (17, 18).
  8. The construction method according to the preceding claim, wherein the bracing means (19) are recessed with respect to the lower (29) and upper (30) edges of a construction element (1) by a distance (31) at least equal to the depth (32) of a U-shaped groove or a foot shoe (26) and a head shoe (33), respectively.
EP11789321.4A 2010-06-03 2011-06-01 Cardboard construction element and construction method using such elements Not-in-force EP2576933B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1054346A FR2960893B1 (en) 2010-06-03 2010-06-03 CARDBOARD-BASED CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD USING SUCH ELEMENTS
PCT/FR2011/051265 WO2011151605A2 (en) 2010-06-03 2011-06-01 Cardboard construction element and construction method using such elements

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EP2576933A2 EP2576933A2 (en) 2013-04-10
EP2576933B1 true EP2576933B1 (en) 2018-08-29

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WO (1) WO2011151605A2 (en)

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DE102017112226A1 (en) * 2017-06-02 2018-12-06 Lothar Betz Wall element and wall system
DE102019116129A1 (en) * 2019-06-13 2020-12-17 Fredy Iseli Flat sandwich construction element for buildings

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FR1408865A (en) * 1964-07-08 1965-08-20 S O R E B Soc De Rech S Et D E Insulating panel for walls, partitions and similar construction elements
CA1298056C (en) * 1987-11-09 1992-03-31 Philippe Viger Cardboard building structure and method
DE29808596U1 (en) 1998-05-13 1998-08-20 Curtis 1000 Europ Gmbh Building board
US7143564B2 (en) * 2003-11-19 2006-12-05 Sonoco Development, Inc. Reinforced fiber panel and method of forming same
FR2890403B1 (en) * 2005-09-05 2009-01-16 Luc Noto CONSTRUCTION PANEL FOR REALIZING A DEMULABLE MODULAR STRUCTURE AND STRUCTURE THUS OBTAINED

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WO2011151605A2 (en) 2011-12-08
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FR2960893A1 (en) 2011-12-09
WO2011151605A3 (en) 2012-05-10

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