EP3502744A1 - Nahfeldimpulsdetektion - Google Patents

Nahfeldimpulsdetektion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3502744A1
EP3502744A1 EP17209172.0A EP17209172A EP3502744A1 EP 3502744 A1 EP3502744 A1 EP 3502744A1 EP 17209172 A EP17209172 A EP 17209172A EP 3502744 A1 EP3502744 A1 EP 3502744A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulses
range finder
inner area
target
backscattered
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17209172.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3502744B1 (de
Inventor
Eric Yang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leica Geosystems AG
Original Assignee
Leica Geosystems AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leica Geosystems AG filed Critical Leica Geosystems AG
Priority to EP17209172.0A priority Critical patent/EP3502744B1/de
Priority to US16/208,387 priority patent/US11391821B2/en
Priority to CN201811540534.8A priority patent/CN110031859B/zh
Publication of EP3502744A1 publication Critical patent/EP3502744A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3502744B1 publication Critical patent/EP3502744B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C3/00—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders
    • G01C3/02—Details
    • G01C3/06—Use of electric means to obtain final indication
    • G01C3/08—Use of electric radiation detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • G01S17/10—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • G01S17/10—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
    • G01S17/26—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency-modulated or phase-modulated carrier wave, e.g. for pulse compression of received signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/86—Combinations of lidar systems with systems other than lidar, radar or sonar, e.g. with direction finders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/933—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of aircraft or spacecraft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486—Receivers
    • G01S7/487—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection
    • G01S7/4876—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection by removing unwanted signals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an airborne range finder configured to be arranged on an aircraft for surveying a target.
  • Surveying a 2D or 3D topography of a target with an airborne surveying device is commonly achieved by laser range finders which send out pulses of light to sample the target, such as the ground surface, and receive the pulses after they reflected from the target.
  • the time of flight between the emission and the return of each pulse can be used to determine according distances to target.
  • outgoing pulses may hit obstacles, such as particles or clouds, potentially causing false measurements because the times of flight calculated with these reflected pulses do not represent a distance to the intended target.
  • the intensity of the reflected light is decreased by a factor proportional to the square of the distance. Therefore, returning from large distances where the intended target is located, the detected light usually has a small magnitude.
  • the purpose of this invention is therefore to improve a typical laser range finder, even when operated in MPiA mode, in that it allows for detecting whether a reflected pulse comes from a close range or from a distant range.
  • this distinguishing information may be used to suppress unwanted close range pulses from being recorded, therewith keeping measurement data clean and free from false measurement values.
  • At least one of these improvements is achieved by the airborne laser range finder according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to airborne range finder configured to be arranged on an aircraft for surveying a target, wherein the airborne range finder comprises an emitter configured for emitting electromagnetic pulses towards the target, a receiver configured for receiving backscattered pulses, wherein the receiver comprises a projection surface comprising an inner area and an outer area, focusing optics configured and arranged for imaging pulses backscattered from a distance equal to or longer than a threshold distance onto at least a part of the inner area, and pulses backscattered from a distance shorter than said threshold distance onto the inner area and at least a part of the outer area, a detector configured for detecting and outputting pulses imaged onto the projection surface separately with respect to the inner area and the outer area, and a recorder configured for reading the detector and storing pulses detected only within the inner area as target pulses, storing pulses detected at least in part within the outer area as near-field pulses, and tagging each stored pulse with a corresponding pulse reception time, and a control unit configured for controlling the emitter
  • the receiver may further comprise an optical dissection element comprising an inlet forming the projection surface with the inner area and an outer area, a first outlet configured for outputting light entering the inner area of the inlet, and a second outlet configured for outputting light entering the outer area of the inlet.
  • an optical dissection element comprising an inlet forming the projection surface with the inner area and an outer area, a first outlet configured for outputting light entering the inner area of the inlet, and a second outlet configured for outputting light entering the outer area of the inlet.
  • the inner area may correspond to the circle of confusion of a pulse backscattered from the threshold distance.
  • the focusing optics may comprise a motor configured for adjusting the focal point.
  • the control unit may be configured for controlling the motor based on a current distance between the target and the airborne range finder, i.e. the flight altitude.
  • the flight altitude may be determined by the range finder itself or by receiving according data from an external unit.
  • the focusing optics and the projection surface may be arranged and configured with regard to focusing distance and focal length such that the imaging on the projection surface of pulses backscattered from a distance equal to or longer than the threshold distance remains inside the inner area.
  • the optical axis of the focusing optics may pass through the inner area of the inlet, in particular through the centre of the inner area.
  • the focusing optics and the projection surface may be arranged and configured such that pulses backscattered from objects closer than the threshold distance are not only imaged onto the inner area but additionally also onto the outer area of the inlet.
  • the depth of field of the focusing optics may be adapted such that the circle of confusion of a pulse backscattered from a distance equal to or longer than the threshold distance is equal to or smaller than the inner area.
  • the optical dissection element is embodied as a fibre optics apparatus.
  • the inlet may in this case be configured such that at least one of the inner area and the outer area is formed by at least one ending of a fibre comprised by the fibre optics apparatus.
  • the detector may be configured for suppressing the outputting of pulses detected on at least the outer area of the projection surface.
  • the emitter may be configured for modulating the pulses
  • the receiver is configured for detecting, in particular identifying, the pulses as reflections of the emitted pulses by said modulation.
  • the airborne range finder may further comprise an optical element configured for deflecting the pulses along pulse paths towards the target, and deflecting the backscattered pulses towards the receiver, and a motor configured for altering the pulse paths by moving the optical element, the wherein the control unit may be configured for determining directions of the pulse paths.
  • the optical element can for example be a prism or a mirror.
  • the motor may be configured for rotating the optical element around a rotation axis, and the optical element may be arranged relative to the emitter in such a way that the optical element deflects the pulses in a defined constant angle relative to the rotation axis or relative to the oscillation axis.
  • the recorder may be configured for receiving and storing flight data from the aircraft, said flight data for example comprising flight altitude data.
  • the airborne range finder may further comprise a positioning sensor for determining flight altitude data and position data, wherein the recorder can be configured for receiving said flight altitude data and position data from the positioning sensor.
  • Figure 1 shows an aircraft 1 flying over a ground surface 3, which is the intended target, following a flight path 6 (trajectory).
  • the aircraft carries an airborne range finder 2 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the range finder can at least continuously measure the flight altitude, but in particular record a two-dimensional (2D) profile of the flight path 6.
  • the range finder can rotate or oscillate the pulse path, and therewith sample a plurality of points 5 of the swath of the aircraft.
  • a point cloud can be generated based on the laser pulses E,R emitted and received by the range finder, which are registered with according time stamps of their emission/reception.
  • the cloud 4 represents an exemplary near-field obstacle potentially causing the range finder 2 to generate false measurement values which do not represent the actual target.
  • R' are pulses returning from said obstacle 4.
  • the airborne range finder 2 comprises an emitter 21, a receiver 22, and a control unit 23 which is coordinating the data collection with the emitter and the receiver.
  • FIG. 3 shows the basic construction of the receiver 22, a target 3 (full lines) at an expected distance to the range finder, and a near-field object 4 (pointed lines).
  • Backscattered pulse light R, R' enters the receiver through the focusing optics 220, which is here - to simplify matters - represented by only one lens (it may in particular embodiments comprise more than one lens).
  • the receiver 22 comprises said focusing optics 220 and, in a preferred embodiment, may comprise a fibre optics apparatus 221 as optical dissection element which helps to dissect and transfer the pulse light to a detector 222.
  • the detector 222 is connected to outlets 2212 and 2213 of the fibre optics apparatus, and is configured for detecting pulses R, and separately therefrom, pulses R'.
  • the detector is configured for outputting these discriminated pulses and pass it on to a recorder 223.
  • the detector can suppress outputting pulses backscattered from objects that are not intended to be surveyed based on the returning pulse light.
  • the shown fibre optics apparatus is one example for an optical dissection element.
  • Further examples of an optical dissection element may be a lens array, a prism (arrangement), an aperture matrix or diaphragm, and so on.
  • the recorder 223 is configured for recording the data outputted by the detector 222. For every received pulse, an according time value of reception is stored. Further, the pulses are tagged with information on whether they returned from a near-field range or from a distance where the target is expected.
  • Light R' backscattering from the close object 4 appears as blurry return spot 40 on the projection surface P with a relatively large circle of confusion.
  • the projection surface P is formed by the inlet 2211.
  • an inner area and an outer area are defined for discriminating pulses from a near-field range from regular pulses.
  • the blurry spot 40 covers both the inner area and the outer area at least in part.
  • the circle of confusion of a returning pulse imaged onto the projection surface may be so large such that part of the light R' even falls beyond the outer area (i.e. in particular beyond the inlet 2211).
  • Light R backscattered from the intended (remote) target 3 is imaged as focused spot 30 within the inner area.
  • the spot 30 may also be slightly unfocused.
  • the focusing optics 220 is designed and arranged in such a way that the spot 30 remains within the inner area as long as the distance between the range finder and the reflecting object is farther away than a defined threshold distance or as far as the threshold distance.
  • the depth of field is predetermined such that a pulse returning from a specific near-field range is always at least in part imaged onto the outer area of the projection surface.
  • a definition of the inner area and the outer area of the projection surface is based on said threshold distance, wherein the intended target is expectedly located farther than the threshold distance.
  • the threshold distance may be chosen under the premise that it can be ruled out that objects which are closer than the threshold distance could be the intended target.
  • a fibre optics apparatus 221 is configured for splitting the light projected onto the surface of the inlet 2211 (projection surface P) to a first outlet 2212 and a second outlet 2213.
  • the first outlet 2212 is configured for outputting light projected onto the inner area of the inlet surface
  • the second outlet 2213 is configured for outputting light projected onto the outer area of the inlet surface.
  • the recorder may as a consequence store a pulse reception along with an indication that the present pulse corresponds to a remote target. If, in addition, also the second outlet 2213 is outputting light, the recorder may accordingly store a pulse reception along with an indication that the received pulse corresponds to a near-field target, or, alternatively, the detector 222 may even right away suppress an output at all. An a priori suppression may be desired in case return pulses from close distances are not relevant for the data collection.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic configuration of the fibre optics apparatus 221 shown in figure 3 . Its interfaces are the inlet 2211, the first outlet 2212, and the second outlet 2213.
  • Figure 5 shows alternative embodiments 2211', 2211" , and 2211''' of the said inlet.
  • the fibre optics apparatus 221 comprises a matrix material (black element) carrying at least one fibre (shaded circle) which has an ending in the outer area O of the projection surface (inlet 2211) and an ending in the outer area O' of the second outlet 2213.
  • the fibre optics apparatus further comprises at least one, in particular arranged concentrically relative to the matrix material, fibre (white circle) which has an ending in the inner area I of the projection surface (inlet 2211) and an ending in the inner area I' of the first outlet 2212.
  • Each fibre is configured for guiding the pulse light from the inlet to the according outlet.
  • outlets 2212 and 2213 are shown exactly with the corresponding elements/circle from the inlet 2211. It is however apparent to a skilled person that the outlets do not have to be configured exactly like the corresponding endings at the inlet. For example, by adequate optical couplings, it is possible to merge or split the fibres. In particular, each outlet may only have one ending fibre.
  • the outer area may comprise less (2211') or even only one eccentric fibre (2211") ending which leads to the corresponding second outlet.
  • other fibre shapes may be used as is indicated by the annulus shaped ending (see in outlet 2211"').
  • Figure 6 shows how the focusing optics 220 is configured and arranged relative to the projection surface P based on a near-field range beyond which the target 3 is expectedly located.
  • the near-field range is defined by a threshold distance N away from the range finder.
  • the focusing distance is set such that the target 3 is sharply imaged onto the centre of the inner area I of the inlet 2211, and in particular such that the border of the near-field range images a pulse fully onto the inner area I and only just not onto the outer area O.
  • Those are by definition the pulses of interest, and hence they are not covering the outer area O.
  • a pulse backscattering from a distance less than the threshold distance N will be imaged onto the inner area I but also onto at least part of the outer area O.
  • a current flight altitude can affect the arrangement of focusing optics 220 and projection surface P.
  • a motor for the focusing optics is configured for adjusting the focal point depending on the current flight altitude.
  • the flight altitude could be measured by a single time of flight measurement, or could be read from an electronic flight instrument system already at present in the aircraft.
  • the relative arrangement between the projection surface P and the focusing optics can be adapted to avoid that the desired target is "diving" into the range N.
  • the projection onto the outer area O is causing the recorder to store that particular pulse as a near-field pulse.
  • the detector can also cause a suppression of that near-field pulse. In this case the detector is just skipping the near-field pulse.
  • the radial spacing between the inner area and the outer area may be adjusted depending on the desired near-field range N.
  • the height differences can be enormous such that false returns may be desired to be sorted out only within a range of about 100 meters under the aircraft.
  • spacing between fibre endings in the outer area of the inlet and fibre endings in the inner area is relatively large, or in other words, the inner area is relatively large.
  • the inner area of the inlet can be chosen relatively small.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
EP17209172.0A 2017-12-20 2017-12-20 Nahfeldimpulsdetektion Active EP3502744B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17209172.0A EP3502744B1 (de) 2017-12-20 2017-12-20 Nahfeldimpulsdetektion
US16/208,387 US11391821B2 (en) 2017-12-20 2018-12-03 Near-field pulse detection
CN201811540534.8A CN110031859B (zh) 2017-12-20 2018-12-17 近场脉冲检测

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17209172.0A EP3502744B1 (de) 2017-12-20 2017-12-20 Nahfeldimpulsdetektion

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3502744A1 true EP3502744A1 (de) 2019-06-26
EP3502744B1 EP3502744B1 (de) 2020-04-22

Family

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EP17209172.0A Active EP3502744B1 (de) 2017-12-20 2017-12-20 Nahfeldimpulsdetektion

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US11391821B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3502744B1 (de)
CN (1) CN110031859B (de)

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CN110031859B (zh) 2023-05-09
US11391821B2 (en) 2022-07-19
EP3502744B1 (de) 2020-04-22
US20190187285A1 (en) 2019-06-20

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