EP3438585A2 - Method for defrosting a device for air separation by cryogenic distillation and device adapted to be defrosted using this method - Google Patents

Method for defrosting a device for air separation by cryogenic distillation and device adapted to be defrosted using this method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3438585A2
EP3438585A2 EP18186659.1A EP18186659A EP3438585A2 EP 3438585 A2 EP3438585 A2 EP 3438585A2 EP 18186659 A EP18186659 A EP 18186659A EP 3438585 A2 EP3438585 A2 EP 3438585A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine
air
turbines
column system
column
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP18186659.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3438585A3 (en
Inventor
Patrice Cavagne
Bénédicte DOS SANTOS
Yann-Pierrick LEMAIRE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR1757495A external-priority patent/FR3069915B1/en
Priority claimed from FR1757497A external-priority patent/FR3069914B1/en
Priority claimed from FR1757493A external-priority patent/FR3069913B1/en
Priority claimed from FR1757498A external-priority patent/FR3069916B1/en
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP3438585A2 publication Critical patent/EP3438585A2/en
Publication of EP3438585A3 publication Critical patent/EP3438585A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04818—Start-up of the process
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04024—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of purified feed air, so-called boosted air
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    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
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    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04066—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of oxygen
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    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
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    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
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    • F25J3/04854—Safety aspects of operation
    • F25J3/0486—Safety aspects of operation of vaporisers for oxygen enriched liquids, e.g. purging of liquids
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    • F25J2280/20—Control for stopping, deriming or defrosting after an emergency shut-down of the installation or for back up system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/12—Particular process parameters like pressure, temperature, ratios

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of deicing an air separation apparatus by cryogenic distillation and apparatus adapted to be de-iced by this method.
  • a cryogenic distillation air separation unit must be regularly defrosted in order to purge carbon dioxide, water and hydrocarbons that may have accumulated in the unit.
  • liquid accumulated in the apparatus is purged and then feed air passes through the apparatus, or the cold generating turbines are stopped (s).
  • the pressure in the apparatus increases and the accumulated gases are released to the atmosphere.
  • the air inlet and outlet to the turbine are closed using a valve at the inlet and a valve at the outlet and a gas is sent to the turbine passing from the discharge to the inlet (or possibly going from the entrance to the exit).
  • Manual isolation valves are provided at the inlet and outlet of each machine. These valves are not necessarily illustrated in simplified drawings of a separation device illustrating its normal operation so as not to clutter the drawing.
  • the device defrosted it can be restarted by sending air to the turbine or turbines by cooling the device.
  • the present invention aims to reduce the time required for defrosting and / or restarting and possibly reduce the time of use of a backup vaporizer to provide a customer. By using the present invention, it is no longer necessary to purge the columns to remove the liquid they contain.
  • an air separation apparatus by cryogenic distillation comprising a column system, a first turbine, a second turbine, optionally a first compressor coupled to the first turbine, optionally a second coupled compressor at the second turbine, a heat exchanger, means for sending at least a first fraction of cooled air into the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof to the first and second turbines, a first pipe of expanded air connected to the discharge of the first turbine and to the column system, a second expanded air duct connected to the second turbine discharge, a common duct connected to the first and second ducts for bringing the expanded air of the turbines to a column of the column system and an isolation valve, preferably a single isolation valve, to close the common result.
  • the apparatus comprises a column system comprising a column operating at a first pressure K1 and a column operating at a second pressure K2 less than the first pressure.
  • the columns are thermally connected through a bottom reboiler of the second column heated with nitrogen head of the first column.
  • Liquid oxygen 31 is withdrawn from the bottom of the second column K2 and nitrogen gas 33 is withdrawn at the top of the second column.
  • Liquid nitrogen is sent to the top of the second column by certain phases to help keep the process cold.
  • the apparatus comprises a first air expansion turbine T1, a second air expansion turbine T2, a first air compressor C1 coupled to the first turbine and a second air compressor C2 coupled to the second turbine.
  • the compressed air 1 is divided into two fractions, of which a first fraction 3 to the heat exchanger E.
  • a second fraction 5 is sent to the first compressor C1 where it is compressed to a pressure greater than that of the first fraction.
  • the output of the first compressor C1 is connected to the inlet of this compressor through a valve V8.
  • the first fraction 3 is output from a heat exchanger at an intermediate temperature thereof and has not been compressed in the first compressor is sent to the first and second turbines.
  • the second fraction 5 cools in the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof after being compressed in the first compressor. Then, it is sent to the second compressor C2.
  • the air of the first and second turbines is sent to the first column K1 to be separated through the single valve V11 and the pipe 13.
  • the second fraction 5 is compressed in the second compressor C2 and then cools in the heat exchanger before being sent in liquid form to the first column K1 through the valve V9.
  • Valves V2 and V3 are closed. Possibly some of the air can be sent to the party by the conduct of short-circuit 15 which connects the inlet of the turbine T1 upstream of a valve V13 with the pipe 13 upstream of the valve V11.
  • the short-circuiting conduit 15 comprises a valve V7 but no turbine. Any incoming flow from a turbine and possibly the short-circuiting line must pass through the valve V11, no valve being connected between the turbine outputs and the valve V11.
  • the isolation valve V11 is closed to prevent the arrival of fluids from the column K1 during the heating thereof, which could cause an accident.
  • a dry gas is sent into each turbine, passing in the opposite direction of the normal passage of the air to be distilled.
  • the valves V4 and V5 can be closed or opened depending on the location upstream or downstream of the outlet or possibly deicing inlet for the turbine in question.
  • the manual isolation valve V11 is disposed at the output of the turbines T1, T2.
  • the short-circuiting duct 15 is connected to a point upstream of the valve V11 and downstream of the air inlets of the turbines T1, T2. This valve V11 and the liquid air valve V9, being closed, allow to isolate the machines from the column and thus to keep the liquids in the columns.
  • valve V11 By closing the valve V11 manually, it is possible to prevent the return of cold gas from the column (due to its heating) to the turbines or compressors.
  • An air vent valve S1 is connected to the outlet of the turbine T1 upstream of the valve V11 and the air inlet points of the turbine T2 and the short-circuiting duct 15. Another valve without reference allows the venting of gas flowing in line 17 between the output of T2 and M.
  • This also allows a saving of time of restart and the limitation of the time of use of the vaporization of liquid products of the apparatus during the change of cartridge machine.
  • An air vent valve S2 allows gas to escape in line 13 between valve V11 and column K1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique dans un appareil de séparation d'air comprenant un système de colonnes (K1, K2), une première turbine (T1) et une deuxième turbine (T2), dans lequel en marche de dégivrage on ferme une conduite commune (13) amenant l'air des deux turbines à une colonne au moyen d'une vanne d'isolement (V11), on envoie un gaz de purge à une température supérieure à 0°C dans les turbines pour les dégivrer mais on n'envoie pas de gaz de purge au système de colonnes.Process for separating air by cryogenic distillation in an air separation apparatus comprising a column system (K1, K2), a first turbine (T1) and a second turbine (T2), in which de-icing operation is closed a common pipe (13) bringing the air of the two turbines to a column by means of an isolation valve (V11), a purge gas is sent at a temperature above 0 ° C in the turbines to defrost them but no purge gas is sent to the column system.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un procédé de dégivrage d'un appareil de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique et appareil adapté pour être dégivré par ce procédé.The present invention relates to a method of deicing an air separation apparatus by cryogenic distillation and apparatus adapted to be de-iced by this method.

Un appareil de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique doit être régulièrement dégivré afin de purger du dioxyde de carbone, de l'eau et des hydrocarbures qui ont pu s'accumuler dans l'appareil.A cryogenic distillation air separation unit must be regularly defrosted in order to purge carbon dioxide, water and hydrocarbons that may have accumulated in the unit.

Pour ce faire, selon un procédé utilisé depuis longtemps, il est nécessaire de chauffer l'appareil jusqu'à une température supérieure à 0°C.To do this, according to a long-used method, it is necessary to heat the apparatus to a temperature above 0 ° C.

D'abord, du liquide accumulé dans l'appareil est purgé et ensuite de l'air d'alimentation traverse l'appareil, la ou les turbines de production de froid étant arrêtée(s). La pression dans l'appareil augmente et les gaz accumulés sont relâchés à l'atmosphère.First, liquid accumulated in the apparatus is purged and then feed air passes through the apparatus, or the cold generating turbines are stopped (s). The pressure in the apparatus increases and the accumulated gases are released to the atmosphere.

Pour réchauffer une turbine, l'entrée et la sortie d'air vers la turbine sont fermées en utilisant une vanne à l'entrée et une vanne à la sortie et un gaz est envoyé à la turbine en passant du refoulement vers l'entrée (ou éventuellement en passant de l'entrée vers la sortie).To heat a turbine, the air inlet and outlet to the turbine are closed using a valve at the inlet and a valve at the outlet and a gas is sent to the turbine passing from the discharge to the inlet ( or possibly going from the entrance to the exit).

Des vannes d'isolation manuelles sont prévues en entrée et de sortie de chaque machine. Ces vannes ne sont pas forcément illustrées dans des dessins simplifiés d'un appareil de séparation illustrant son fonctionnement normal pour ne pas encombrer le dessin.Manual isolation valves are provided at the inlet and outlet of each machine. These valves are not necessarily illustrated in simplified drawings of a separation device illustrating its normal operation so as not to clutter the drawing.

Une fois l'appareil dégivré, il peut être redémarré en envoyant de l'air vers la ou les turbines par refroidir l'appareil.Once the device defrosted, it can be restarted by sending air to the turbine or turbines by cooling the device.

La présente invention vise à réduire le temps nécessaire pour le dégivrage et/ou redémarrage et éventuellement de réduire le temps d'utilisation d'un vaporiseur de secours pour fournir un client. En utilisant la présente invention, il n'est plus nécessaire de purger les colonnes pour enlever le liquide qu'elles contiennent.The present invention aims to reduce the time required for defrosting and / or restarting and possibly reduce the time of use of a backup vaporizer to provide a customer. By using the present invention, it is no longer necessary to purge the columns to remove the liquid they contain.

De plus il n'est plus nécessaire de prévoir une vanne en sortie de chaque turbine, donc le nombre total de vannes est réduit.In addition it is no longer necessary to provide a valve at the outlet of each turbine, so the total number of valves is reduced.

Selon un objet de l'invention, il est prévu un appareil de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique comprenant un système de colonnes, une première turbine, une deuxième turbine, éventuellement un premier compresseur couplé à la première turbine, éventuellement un deuxième compresseur couplé à la deuxième turbine, un échangeur de chaleur, des moyens pour envoyer au moins une première fraction d'air refroidie dans l'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci vers la première et la deuxième turbines, une première conduite d'air détendu reliée au refoulement de la première turbine et au système de colonnes, une deuxième conduite d'air détendu reliée au refoulement de deuxième turbine, une conduite commune reliée aux première et deuxième conduites pour amener l'air détendu des turbines vers une colonne du système de colonnes et une vanne d'isolement, de préférence une seule vanne d'isolement, permettant de fermer la conduite commune.According to an object of the invention, there is provided an air separation apparatus by cryogenic distillation comprising a column system, a first turbine, a second turbine, optionally a first compressor coupled to the first turbine, optionally a second coupled compressor at the second turbine, a heat exchanger, means for sending at least a first fraction of cooled air into the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof to the first and second turbines, a first pipe of expanded air connected to the discharge of the first turbine and to the column system, a second expanded air duct connected to the second turbine discharge, a common duct connected to the first and second ducts for bringing the expanded air of the turbines to a column of the column system and an isolation valve, preferably a single isolation valve, to close the common result.

Selon d'autres aspects facultatifs :

  • l'appareil comprend une conduite de court-circuitage reliant l'entrée de la première turbine avec la sortie de la première turbine ainsi qu'avec la conduite commune à une position en amont de la vanne d'isolement, permettant à l'air de passer depuis l'entrée de la première turbine à la conduite commune sans passer par une turbine.
  • l'appareil comprend au moins un compresseur entraîné par une de la première et la deuxième turbines.
  • l'appareil comprend des moyens pour envoyer de l'air du compresseur entraîné par l'une des turbines vers les turbines après refroidissement dans l'échangeur de chaleur ou vers l'échangeur de chaleur pour s'y liquéfier au moins partiellement.
  • l'appareil comprend une soupape de mise à l'air en amont de la vanne d'isolement et en aval des première et deuxième turbines, de préférence en aval de la conduite de court-circuitage.
  • la vanne d'isolement est la seule vanne reliant la sortie de la première turbine avec le système de colonnes et/ou reliant la sortie de la deuxième turbine avec le système de colonnes pour y permettre le passage d'air.
According to other optional aspects:
  • the apparatus comprises a short-circuiting line connecting the inlet of the first turbine with the outlet of the first turbine as well as with the common pipe at a position upstream of the isolation valve, allowing the air to pass from the inlet of the first turbine to the common pipe without passing through a turbine.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one compressor driven by one of the first and second turbines.
  • the apparatus comprises means for sending air from the compressor driven by one of the turbines to the turbines after cooling in the heat exchanger or to the heat exchanger to liquefy there at least partially.
  • the apparatus comprises a vent valve upstream of the isolation valve and downstream of the first and second turbines, preferably downstream of the short-circuiting line.
  • the isolation valve is the only valve connecting the outlet of the first turbine with the column system and / or connecting the output of the second turbine with the column system to allow the passage of air.

Selon un autre objet de l'invention, il est prévu un procédé de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique dans un appareil de séparation d'air comprenant un système de colonnes, une première turbine, une deuxième turbine, éventuellement un premier compresseur couplé à la première turbine, éventuellement un deuxième compresseur couplé à la deuxième turbine et un échangeur de chaleur dans lequel :

  1. i) en marche normale, on envoie au moins une première fraction d'air se refroidir dans l'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci et ensuite on l'envoie vers la première et la deuxième turbines, on envoie de l'air détendu dans la première turbine et de l'air détendu dans la deuxième turbine vers une colonne du système de colonnes à travers une conduite commune, on sépare l'air provenant de la conduite commune dans le système de colonnes pour produire au moins un fluide enrichi en azote ou en oxygène, et
  2. ii) en marche de dégivrage on ferme la conduite commune au moyen d'une vanne d'isolement, on envoie un gaz de purge à une température supérieure à 0°C dans les turbines pour les dégivrer mais on n'envoie pas de gaz de purge au système de colonnes.
According to another object of the invention, there is provided a method of air separation by cryogenic distillation in an air separation apparatus comprising a column system, a first turbine, a second turbine, optionally a first compressor coupled to the first turbine, possibly a second compressor coupled to the second turbine and a heat exchanger in which:
  1. i) in normal operation, sends at least a first fraction of air to cool in the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof and then it is sent to the first and second turbines, it sends air expanded in the first turbine and air expanded in the second turbine to a column of the column system through a common pipe, separates the air from the common pipe in the column system to produce at less a fluid enriched in nitrogen or oxygen, and
  2. ii) in the defrosting operation, the common pipe is closed by means of an isolation valve, a purge gas is sent at a temperature above 0 ° C. in the turbines to defrost them but no gas is sent purge to the column system.

Eventuellement :

  • on ferme la conduite commune au moyen de la vanne d'isolement qui est la seule vanne à fermer pour ce faire.
  • on ferme la vanne d'isolement manuellement.
  • la conduite commune est reliée à la colonne du système de colonnes opérant à la pression la plus élevée.
  • on dégivre en envoyant de l'air sec à l'entrée du premier compresseur.
  • on dégivre en envoyant un gaz sec dans le sens contraire de l'air en marche normale.
  • le procédé ne comprend pas d'étape de purge des colonnes pendant la marche de dégivrage.
Eventually :
  • the common pipe is closed by means of the isolation valve which is the only valve to close for this purpose.
  • the isolation valve is closed manually.
  • the common pipe is connected to the column of the column system operating at the highest pressure.
  • it is defrosted by sending dry air to the inlet of the first compressor.
  • it is defrosted by sending a dry gas in the opposite direction of the air in normal operation.
  • the method does not include a column purge step during the defrosting step.

L'invention sera décrite en plus de détail en se référant à la figure qui représente un appareil de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique selon l'invention.The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figure which shows an apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation according to the invention.

L'appareil comprend un système de colonnes comprenant une colonne opérant à une première pression K1 et une colonne opérant à une deuxième pression K2 inférieure à la première pression. Les colonnes sont reliées thermiquement à travers un rebouilleur de cuve de la deuxième colonne chauffé par de l'azote de tête de la première colonne. De l'oxygène liquide 31 est soutiré en cuve de la deuxième colonne K2 et de l'azote gazeux 33 est soutiré en tête de la deuxième colonne. De l'azote liquide est envoyé en tête de la deuxième colonne par certaines phases pour aider à tenir le procédé en froid.The apparatus comprises a column system comprising a column operating at a first pressure K1 and a column operating at a second pressure K2 less than the first pressure. The columns are thermally connected through a bottom reboiler of the second column heated with nitrogen head of the first column. Liquid oxygen 31 is withdrawn from the bottom of the second column K2 and nitrogen gas 33 is withdrawn at the top of the second column. Liquid nitrogen is sent to the top of the second column by certain phases to help keep the process cold.

L'appareil comprend une première turbine de détente d'air T1, une deuxième turbine de détente d'air T2, un premier compresseur d'air C1 couplé à la première turbine et un deuxième compresseur d'air C2 couplé à la deuxième turbine. L'air comprimé 1 est divisé en deux fractions, dont une première fraction 3 à l'échangeur de chaleur E. Une deuxième fraction 5 est envoyée au premier compresseur C1 où elle est comprimée à une pression supérieure à celle de la première fraction. La sortie du premier compresseur C1 est reliée à l'entrée de ce compresseur à travers une vanne V8.The apparatus comprises a first air expansion turbine T1, a second air expansion turbine T2, a first air compressor C1 coupled to the first turbine and a second air compressor C2 coupled to the second turbine. The compressed air 1 is divided into two fractions, of which a first fraction 3 to the heat exchanger E. A second fraction 5 is sent to the first compressor C1 where it is compressed to a pressure greater than that of the first fraction. The output of the first compressor C1 is connected to the inlet of this compressor through a valve V8.

Selon une première variante, la première fraction 3 est sortie d'un échangeur de chaleur à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci et n'ayant pas été comprimée dans le premier compresseur est envoyée vers la première et la deuxième turbines.According to a first variant, the first fraction 3 is output from a heat exchanger at an intermediate temperature thereof and has not been compressed in the first compressor is sent to the first and second turbines.

La deuxième fraction 5 se refroidit dans l'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci après avoir été comprimée dans le premier compresseur. Ensuite, elle est envoyée vers le deuxième compresseur C2.The second fraction 5 cools in the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof after being compressed in the first compressor. Then, it is sent to the second compressor C2.

En marche normale, l'air des première et deuxième turbines est envoyé à la première colonne K1 pour être séparé à travers l'unique vanne V11 et la conduite 13. La deuxième fraction 5 est comprimée dans le deuxième compresseur C2 et ensuite se refroidit dans l'échangeur de chaleur avant d'être envoyé sous forme liquide à la première colonne K1 à travers la vanne V9. Les vannes V2 et V3 sont fermées. Eventuellement une partie de l'air peut être envoyée à la partie par la conduite de court-circuitage 15 qui relie l'entrée de la turbine T1 en amont d'une vanne V13 avec la conduite 13 en amont de la vanne V11. La conduite de court-circuitage 15 comprend une vanne V7 mais aucune turbine. Tout débit arrivant d'une turbine et éventuellement la conduite de court-circuitage doit passer par la vanne V11, aucune vanne n'étant connectée entre les sorties de turbine et la vanne V11.In normal operation, the air of the first and second turbines is sent to the first column K1 to be separated through the single valve V11 and the pipe 13. The second fraction 5 is compressed in the second compressor C2 and then cools in the heat exchanger before being sent in liquid form to the first column K1 through the valve V9. Valves V2 and V3 are closed. Possibly some of the air can be sent to the party by the conduct of short-circuit 15 which connects the inlet of the turbine T1 upstream of a valve V13 with the pipe 13 upstream of the valve V11. The short-circuiting conduit 15 comprises a valve V7 but no turbine. Any incoming flow from a turbine and possibly the short-circuiting line must pass through the valve V11, no valve being connected between the turbine outputs and the valve V11.

En cas de dégivrage, on ferme la vanne d'isolement V11 pour empêcher l'arrivée de fluides provenant de la colonne K1 lors du réchauffement de celle-ci, ce qui pourrait provoquer un accident. Pour dégivrer les turbines, on envoie un gaz sec dans chaque turbine, passant dans le sens contraire du passage normal de l'air à distiller. Les vannes V4 et V5 peuvent être fermées ou ouvertes en fonction de la location en amont ou en aval de la sortie ou éventuellement entrée de dégivrage pour la turbine considérée.In case of defrosting, the isolation valve V11 is closed to prevent the arrival of fluids from the column K1 during the heating thereof, which could cause an accident. To de-ice the turbines, a dry gas is sent into each turbine, passing in the opposite direction of the normal passage of the air to be distilled. The valves V4 and V5 can be closed or opened depending on the location upstream or downstream of the outlet or possibly deicing inlet for the turbine in question.

La vanne d'isolation manuelle V11 est disposée en sortie des turbines T1, T2. La conduite de court-circuitage 15 est reliée à un point en amont de la vanne V11 et en aval des arrivées d'air des turbines T1, T2. Cette vanne V11 ainsi que la vanne d'air liquide V9, étant fermées, permettent d'isoler les machines de la colonne et donc de conserver les liquides dans les colonnes.The manual isolation valve V11 is disposed at the output of the turbines T1, T2. The short-circuiting duct 15 is connected to a point upstream of the valve V11 and downstream of the air inlets of the turbines T1, T2. This valve V11 and the liquid air valve V9, being closed, allow to isolate the machines from the column and thus to keep the liquids in the columns.

On remarquera l'absence de vannes directement après les refoulements des turbines T1, T2, l'unique vanne V11 était placée en aval de l'arrivée d'air des deux turbines et de l'air de court-circuitage de la conduite 15.It will be noted the absence of valves directly after the upsets of the turbines T1, T2, the single valve V11 was placed downstream of the air inlet of the two turbines and the short-circuiting air of the pipe 15.

Ainsi en fermant la vanne V11 manuellement, il est possible d'empêcher le retour de gaz froid de la colonne (dû à son réchauffement) vers les turbines ou les compresseurs.Thus by closing the valve V11 manually, it is possible to prevent the return of cold gas from the column (due to its heating) to the turbines or compressors.

Ceci permet un gain de temps de redémarrage et limitation du temps d'utilisation de la vaporisation de secours pendant le changement de cartouche des machines.This allows a saving of time of restart and limitation of the time of use of the rescue vaporization during the change of cartridge of the machines.

Une soupape de mise à l'air S1 est reliée à la sortie de la turbine T1 en amont de la vanne V11 et des points d'arrivée d'air de la turbine T2 et de la conduite de court-circuitage 15. Une autre soupape sans référence permet la mise à l'air de gaz circulant dans la conduite 17 entre la sortie de T2 et M.An air vent valve S1 is connected to the outlet of the turbine T1 upstream of the valve V11 and the air inlet points of the turbine T2 and the short-circuiting duct 15. Another valve without reference allows the venting of gas flowing in line 17 between the output of T2 and M.

Une injection de gaz sec, de préférence de l'air à l'entrée du booster froid C1, afin d'éviter une migration de froid depuis la ligne d'échange E, permet le remplacement aisé de la cartouche de la turbine T1 sans avoir à dégivrer la ligne d'échange E.An injection of dry gas, preferably air at the inlet of the cold booster C1, in order to avoid a cold migration from the exchange line E, allows the easy replacement of the cartridge of the turbine T1 without having to de-ice the exchange line E.

Ceci permet également un gain de temps de redémarrage et la limitation du temps d'utilisation de la vaporisation de produits liquides de l'appareil pendant le changement de cartouche machine.This also allows a saving of time of restart and the limitation of the time of use of the vaporization of liquid products of the apparatus during the change of cartridge machine.

Une soupape S2 de mise à l'air permet de laisser s'échapper le gaz dans la conduite 13 entre la vanne V11 et la colonne K1.An air vent valve S2 allows gas to escape in line 13 between valve V11 and column K1.

Claims (13)

Appareil de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique comprenant un système de colonnes (K1, K2), une première turbine (T1), une deuxième turbine (T2), éventuellement un premier compresseur (C1) couplé à la première turbine, éventuellement un deuxième compresseur (C2) couplé à la deuxième turbine, un échangeur de chaleur (E), des moyens (9,11) pour envoyer au moins une première fraction d'air refroidie dans l'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci vers la première et la deuxième turbines, une première conduite d'air détendu reliée au refoulement de la première turbine et au système de colonnes, une deuxième conduite d'air détendu (17) reliée au refoulement de deuxième turbine, une conduite commune (13) reliée aux première et deuxième conduites pour amener l'air détendu des turbines vers une colonne du système de colonnes et une vanne d'isolement (V11), de préférence une seule vanne d'isolement, permettant de fermer la conduite commune.Apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation comprising a column system (K1, K2), a first turbine (T1), a second turbine (T2), optionally a first compressor (C1) coupled to the first turbine, optionally a second compressor (C2) coupled to the second turbine, a heat exchanger (E), means (9,11) for sending at least a first fraction of cooled air into the heat exchanger to a temperature intermediate to that to the first and second turbines, a first expanded air duct connected to the discharge of the first turbine and to the column system, a second expanded air duct (17) connected to the second turbine discharge, a common duct (13) connected to the first and second conduits for bringing the expanded air of the turbines to a column of the column system and an isolation valve (V11), preferably a single isolation valve, for closing er common conduct. Appareil selon la revendication 1 comprenant une conduite de court-circuitage (15) reliant l'entrée de la première turbine (T1) avec la sortie de la première turbine ainsi qu'avec la conduite commune (13) à une position en amont de la vanne d'isolement (V11), permettant à l'air de passer depuis l'entrée de la première turbine à la conduite commune sans passer par une turbine.An apparatus according to claim 1 comprising a short-circuiting line (15) connecting the inlet of the first turbine (T1) with the outlet of the first turbine as well as with the common pipe (13) at a position upstream of the isolation valve (V11), allowing air to flow from the inlet of the first turbine to the common pipe without passing through a turbine. Appareil selon la revendication 1 comprenant au moins un compresseur (C1, C2) entraîné par une de la première et la deuxième turbines (T1, T2).Apparatus according to claim 1 comprising at least one compressor (C1, C2) driven by one of the first and second turbines (T1, T2). Appareil selon la revendication 3 comprenant des moyens pour envoyer de l'air du compresseur (C1, C2) entraîné par l'une des turbines vers les turbines (T1, T2) après refroidissement dans l'échangeur de chaleur ou vers l'échangeur de chaleur (E) pour s'y liquéfier au moins partiellement.Apparatus according to claim 3 comprising means for sending air from the compressor (C1, C2) driven by one of the turbines to the turbines (T1, T2) after cooling in the heat exchanger or to the heat exchanger. heat (E) to liquefy at least partially. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes comprenant une soupape (S1) de mise à l'air en amont de la vanne d'isolement (V11) et en aval des première et deuxième turbines, de préférence en aval de la conduite de court-circuitage.Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims comprising a venting valve (S1) upstream of the isolation valve (V11) and downstream of the first and second turbines, preferably downstream of the short pipe. circuiting. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel la vanne d'isolement (V11) est la seule vanne reliant la sortie de la première turbine (T1, T2) avec le système de colonnes (K1, K2) et/ou reliant la sortie de la deuxième turbine avec le système de colonnes pour permettre l'arrivée d'air dans le système.Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims wherein the isolation valve (V11) is the only valve connecting the outlet of the first turbine (T1, T2) with the column system (K1, K2) and / or connecting the outlet the second turbine with the column system to allow air to enter the system. Procédé de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique dans un appareil de séparation d'air comprenant un système de colonnes (K1, K2), une première turbine (T1), une deuxième turbine (T2), éventuellement un premier compresseur couplé à la première turbine, éventuellement un deuxième compresseur couplé à la deuxième turbine et un échangeur de chaleur (E) dans lequel : i) en marche normale, on envoie au moins une première fraction d'air se refroidir dans l'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci et ensuite on l'envoie vers la première et la deuxième turbines, on envoie de l'air détendu dans la première turbine et de l'air détendu dans la deuxième turbine vers une colonne du système de colonnes à travers une conduite commune (13), on sépare l'air provenant de la conduite commune dans le système de colonnes pour produire au moins un fluide enrichi en azote ou en oxygène, et ii) en marche de dégivrage, on ferme la conduite commune (13) au moyen d'une vanne d'isolement (V11), on envoie un gaz de purge à une température supérieure à 0°C dans les turbines pour les dégivrer mais on n'envoie pas de gaz de purge au système de colonnes. Process for separating air by cryogenic distillation in an air separation apparatus comprising a column system (K1, K2), a first turbine (T1), a second turbine (T2), optionally a first compressor coupled to the first turbine, optionally a second compressor coupled to the second turbine and a heat exchanger (E) in which: i) in normal operation, sends at least a first fraction of air to cool in the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof and then it is sent to the first and second turbines, it sends air expanded in the first turbine and air expanded in the second turbine to a column of the column system through a common pipe (13), separates the air from the common pipe in the column system to produce at least one fluid enriched in nitrogen or oxygen, and ii) in the defrosting operation, the common pipe (13) is closed by means of an isolation valve (V11), a purge gas is sent at a temperature above 0 ° C. in the turbines to defrost them, but does not send purge gas to the column system. Procédé selon la revendication 7 dans lequel on ferme la conduite commune au moyen de la vanne d'isolement (V11) qui est la seule vanne à fermer pour ce faire.The method of claim 7 wherein the common pipe is closed by means of the isolation valve (V11) which is the only valve to close for this purpose. Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8 dans lequel on ferme la vanne d'isolement (V11) manuellement.A method according to claim 7 or 8 wherein the isolation valve (V11) is closed manually. Procédé selon la revendication 7, 8 ou 9 dans lequel la conduite commune (13) est reliée à la colonne (K1) du système de colonnes opérant à la pression la plus élevée.The method of claim 7, 8 or 9 wherein the common conduit (13) is connected to the column (K1) of the column system operating at the highest pressure. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10 dans lequel on dégivre en envoyant de l'air sec à l'entrée du premier compresseur (C1) .Method according to one of claims 7 to 10 wherein is defrosted by sending dry air to the inlet of the first compressor (C1). Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 11 dans lequel on dégivre en envoyant un gaz sec dans le sens contraire de l'air en marche normale.Method according to one of claims 7 to 11 wherein is defrosted by sending a dry gas in the opposite direction of air in normal operation. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 12 ne comprenant pas d'étape de purge des colonnes pendant la marche de dégivrage.Method according to one of claims 7 to 12 not including a step of purging the columns during the defrosting step.
EP18186659.1A 2017-08-03 2018-07-31 Method for defrosting a device for air separation by cryogenic distillation and device adapted to be defrosted using this method Withdrawn EP3438585A3 (en)

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FR1757495A FR3069915B1 (en) 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SEPARATION OF AIR BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION
FR1757497A FR3069914B1 (en) 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SEPARATING AIR BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION
FR1757493A FR3069913B1 (en) 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SEPARATING AIR BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION
FR1757498A FR3069916B1 (en) 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 METHOD FOR DEFROSTING AN AIR SEPARATION APPARATUS BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION AND APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR BEING DEFROST BY THIS METHOD

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