EP3431209A1 - Method and installation for the production of a starting material for producing of rare earth magnet - Google Patents
Method and installation for the production of a starting material for producing of rare earth magnet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3431209A1 EP3431209A1 EP18182618.1A EP18182618A EP3431209A1 EP 3431209 A1 EP3431209 A1 EP 3431209A1 EP 18182618 A EP18182618 A EP 18182618A EP 3431209 A1 EP3431209 A1 EP 3431209A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rare earth
- intermediate product
- starting material
- powdery
- production
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000583 Nd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/003—Separation of articles by differences in their geometrical form or by difference in their physical properties, e.g. elasticity, compressibility, hardness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/04—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to size
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/058—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder by reaction sintering (i.e. gasless reaction starting from a mixture of solid metal compounds)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/0536—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals sintered
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0246—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
- B02C2015/002—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs combined with a classifier
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/041—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by mechanical alloying, e.g. blending, milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/044—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by jet milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/025—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy having an intermetallic of the REM-Fe type which is not magnetic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for producing a raw material for the production of rare earth magnets, a raw material and a plant for producing a raw material for the production of rare earth magnets.
- a permanent magnet is a piece of magnetizable material, such as iron, cobalt or nickel, which retains its static magnetic field without the need for electrical current flow (as opposed to electromagnets).
- a permanent magnet can be generated by the action of a magnetic field on a ferromagnetic material.
- rare earth magnets consisting essentially of ferrous metals (iron, cobalt, rare nickel) and rare earth metals (especially neodymium, samarium, praseodymium, dysprosium, terbium, gadolinium) exist. They are characterized by having at the same time a high magnetic remanence flux density and a high magnetic coercive field strength and thus a high magnetic energy density.
- NiFeB neodymium, iron and boron
- NdFeB neodymium, iron and boron
- the temperature stability can be raised to over 200 ° C.
- other alloy components such as cobalt are often added.
- Permanent magnets are made of crystalline powder.
- the magnetic powder is pressed into a mold in the presence of a strong magnetic field.
- the crystals align with their preferred magnetization axis in the direction of the magnetic field.
- the pellets are then sintered.
- the pulverized constituents of the powder are joined or compacted by heating, but no or at least not all starting materials are melted.
- the compacts often under elevated pressure - heated so that the temperatures remain below the melting temperature of the main components, so that the shape of the workpiece is maintained.
- the outward effective magnetization is lost, because the thermal movement of the atoms leads to the largely antiparallel alignment of the elementary magnets in the crystals.
- the orientation of the grains in the sintering composite is not lost, the parallel alignment of the elementary streams after cooling of the magnets can be restored by a sufficiently strong magnetizing pulse.
- the magnetic powder is produced in particular by grinding the corresponding alloys or constituents, for example in fluid bed jet mills or similar grinding plants.
- fluid bed jet mills in particular a defined Feinstvermahlung, although with exact Oberkornbegrenzung, but with not inconsiderable proportion of Feinstpumblen.
- the crushing energy is provided by gas jets.
- magnetic powders which can be prepared by the methods known from the prior art, are chemically very reactive and, for this reason, react even at low oxygen concentrations with the oxygen or nitrogen from the environment. This can be accompanied by further processing of the magnetic powder powder fires. Also, the practice has shown that magnets, which are produced by means of magnetic powders known from the prior art, often can be very poorly oriented, whereby the remanence of the magnets produced from the already known magnetic powders is deteriorated. Such disadvantages may be associated in particular with or at a high percentage by volume of fines in the magnetic powder.
- magnets produced from the magnetic powders already known from the prior art have an improved field stability or coercive field strength due to a high percentage by volume of coarse fraction.
- the object of the invention is to further optimize the production of the starting mixture for the production of rare earth magnets in order to be able to produce improved rare earth magnets.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a powdered and intended for the production of rare earth magnets starting material.
- a first step of the method provides for comminuting an alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal, wherein a powdery intermediate product is formed from the alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal.
- a further step provides for carrying out at least one particle size and / or density-oriented classification for the powdery intermediate product, wherein a fraction of the powdery intermediate product formed by means of the at least one classification forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
- At least one dynamic classifier is provided for the method, which at least one dynamic classifier converts at least one particle size and / or density-based classification for the powdery intermediate product and in this case separates the fraction from the powdery intermediate product which contains the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets formed.
- the powdery intermediate product is fed to at least one static separator.
- the at least one static classifier of the powdery intermediate product separated portion to which at least one dynamic classifier are supplied, which at least one dynamic classifier which converts at least one particle size and / or density classification for the separated by means of the at least one static classifier from the powdery intermediate proportion and in this case the fraction of the proportion separates, which forms the intended for the production of rare earth magnets starting material.
- the at least one dynamic sifter sifts the powdery intermediate product and also disperses, as a result of which the fraction is separated from the intermediate powder product which forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
- the at least one dynamic sifter separates coarse material from the powdery intermediate product and that within a second particle size and / or density-oriented classification, the at least one dynamic classifier fines separated from the powdery intermediate.
- a portion of the powdery intermediate product separated from the fine material and coarse material can provide the fraction which forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
- Embodiments have proved useful in which the first particle size and / or density-oriented classification and the second particle size and / or density-based classification are performed via exactly one dynamic classifier.
- the alloy comprising at least one rare earth element can in each case preferably be mechanically comminuted in two separate steps, the pulverulent intermediate product being formed from the comminution in separate steps.
- the invention also relates to a provided for the production of rare earth magnets starting material, which by a method according to one of previously described embodiments.
- a proportion of particles> 8 ⁇ m is ⁇ 2% by volume, in particular in a range between 0.1% by volume and 1% by volume and / or a proportion of particles ⁇ 2 ⁇ m is ⁇ 2% by volume and in particular in a range between 0, 05% by volume and 2% by volume.
- a starting material is prepared as described above and that this starting material is introduced into the molds and pressed.
- the invention also relates to a plant for producing a powdery and intended for the production of rare earth magnets starting material.
- Features which have already been described above for various embodiments of the method can also be provided in the system described below and are therefore not mentioned redundantly. Also, features described below, which relate to various embodiments of the system according to the invention, may optionally be provided in the previously described method.
- the plant for producing a powdery and intended for the production of rare earth magnets starting material comprises at least one crushing device, which is aligned to a production of a powdery intermediate product by comminution of an alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal.
- the system comprises at least one separating device which can separate a fraction from the powdery intermediate product by means of at least one particle size and / or density-oriented classification or sighting, which forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
- the at least one separating device comprises at least one dynamic sifter, which can separate the fraction from the powdery intermediate product by means of a particle size and / or density classification, which forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
- the at least one separating device comprises at least one static separator to which the powdery intermediate product can be fed.
- the at least one static classifier and the at least one dynamic classifier can communicate with one another in such a way that a portion separated from the supplied intermediate product by means of the at least one static classifier can be fed to the at least one dynamic classifier.
- the at least one dynamic safety can then optionally separate from the added fraction the fraction which forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
- the at least one dynamic sifter is designed for sifting and dispersing the supplied powdery intermediate product.
- the at least one comminution device comprises two successive comminution machines which are each designed for preferably mechanical comminution of the alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal and cooperate with one another to produce the powdery intermediate of the alloy comprising at least one rare earth element.
- the starting material that can be produced in the context of the methods described above or by means of the plant described above can essentially comprise particles of a target size range and hardly have any contamination with particles smaller than particles of a target size range. These are also referred to below as Feinstpiety. Furthermore, the starting material produced in the context of the previously described processes or by means of the plant described above can essentially have hardly any contamination with particles which are larger than the particles of the target size range. These are also referred to below as coarse particles.
- a starting material which essentially comprises only particles with a size within the target size range in a substantially homogeneous mixture.
- the starting material which can be produced by the previously described method or by means of the system described above, embodiments in which the starting material has particles in the target size range between 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, in particular in a target size range between 2 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m, have proved successful.
- an alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal
- it can not be avoided in practice that a proportion of microparticles smaller than the target size range is produced.
- a starting material prepared in the context of the preceding processes or by means of the plant described above contains ⁇ 2% by volume of very fine particles, in particular ⁇ 1% by volume. Furthermore, it can be provided that the starting material produced in the context of the preceding processes or by means of the plant described above comprises ⁇ 2% by volume of coarse particles, in particular ⁇ 1% by volume.
- the starting material prepared in the context of the previously described process or by means of the plant described above essentially or predominantly contains particles in the target size range between 2 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m, a proportion of particles whose size is above 8 ⁇ m being ⁇ 2 Volume percent is, in particular in a range between 0.1 volume percent and 1 volume percent and wherein a proportion of particles whose size is less than 2 microns is ⁇ 2 percent by volume, in particular in a range between 0.05 percent by volume and 2 percent by volume.
- the at least one dynamic classifier already mentioned above and embodied as part of the method according to the invention or the system according to the invention may comprise a classifying rotor.
- a rotational speed of the classifying rotor can optionally be controlled or regulated as a function of a desired particle size distribution for the starting material to be produced.
- a control and / or regulating unit may be provided, which communicates with the at least one dynamic classifier.
- An algorithm can be stored on the control and / or regulating unit, via which the control and / or regulating unit independently regulates or controls a rotational speed of the classifying rotor formed as a component of the at least one dynamic classifier, taking into account the particular particle size distribution desired for the starting material to be produced ,
- At least one static separator may optionally be formed by at least its cyclone classifier.
- the at least one cyclone classifier may possibly already achieve a reduction in the proportion of ultrafine particles.
- the ultrafine portions which are inevitably always present in such a powdery intermediate product, thus have a disadvantageous effect on the properties of the rare earth magnets produced therefrom in many respects.
- the pulverulent intermediate product which may have already been partially freed of fine particles by way of the at least one static classifier, is subjected to at least one further classifying process, implemented by at least one dynamic classifier.
- the pulverulent intermediate product is first dispersed and then a classification according to particle size and / or density for the dispersed powdery intermediate product is carried out.
- This dispersion and classification according to particle size and / or density can be performed in exactly one dynamic sifter. Fine particles and / or coarse particles can then be separated from the powdery intermediate product via the at least one dynamic classifier or via the exactly one dynamic classifier.
- the dispersion of the intermediate product and the renewed separation of very fine particles and / or coarse particles are carried out within a single device, in particular within a single dynamic classifier. Due to the high chemical reactivity of possibly present in high concentration in the powdery intermediate fine particles, the only dynamic classifier if necessary, convert a dispersion and / or screening under a protective gas atmosphere.
- a protective gas for example, helium, argon, nitrogen or the like. Use.
- the at least one formed as a component of the alloy rare earth metal may be formed for example by iron and / or boron.
- the alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal may be an NdFeB alloy.
- a starting material can be produced from this alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal, which essentially comprises only particles in the target size range between 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 2 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m.
- the starting mixture preferably comprises ⁇ 95% by volume, in particular ⁇ 98% by volume, of particles in the target size range, which target range is set from 2 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m.
- the plant already described may comprise an apparatus for the coarsening of an alloy comprising at least one rare earth element.
- a coarse powder fraction optionally formed from the alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal with the aid of the coarse comminution device can optionally be ground into a fine powder fraction in a fine comminution device optionally formed as part of the plant, the fine powder fraction forming the powdery intermediate product.
- the device for fine comminution may be formed as a fluid bed jet mill.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows process steps for the production of a starting material AM for the production of rare earth magnets.
- R rare earth metal
- Fe iron
- B boron in the desired proportions.
- an NdFeB alloy becomes a so-called neodymium magnet used.
- an alloy of the elements in the desired proportions must first be prepared. This alloy is subjected to coarse milling in a first step. For example, in a mechanical Mahlanalage or by embrittlement with hydrogen. In particular, particles with a size of up to a few mm are produced.
- the coarse particles gP are chemically stable in contrast to the particles fP of the fines described below and can also be oriented well in magnetic fields, they have negative effects on the counter-field stability of the magnet because these coarse particles gP are already magnetized in the case of small magnetic opposing fields and thus worsen the opposing field stability (or coercivity) of the entire magnet. For this reason, it is advantageous to further reduce the proportion of coarse particles gP in the starting mixture for the production of sintered permanent magnets.
- the fP particles of the fines are chemically very reactive and react with the oxygen or nitrogen from the environment even at the lowest oxygen concentrations. These fine particles fP can cause spontaneous powder fires in the further processing of the powder.
- a further disadvantage of the very fine particles fP is that these fine powder particles can only be orientated very poorly in the usually available magnetic fields and pressing devices (about 10-20 kOe in size) and therefore impair the remanence of the magnets produced therefrom. For this reason, ultrafine fractions, in particular particles with a diameter of ⁇ 1-2 ⁇ m, are removed from the fine powder fraction fPF in a fourth or additional process step.
- the mixture is passed through a cyclone which entrains the very fine fraction via a suitable gas stream and thereby separates it from the mixture.
- the intermediate ZP educated. However, this still contains a not inconsiderable proportion of up to 10% of very fine particles smaller than 1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
- the intermediate product ZP is subjected to at least one further classifying process in order to obtain undesired very fine particles fP or coarse particles gP or fines fP and coarse particles gP and thus further improve the homogeneity of the particles in the target size ZG, in particular in order to obtain as starting material AM a powder mixture which essentially comprises only particles having particle sizes in a target range of between approximately 2 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m, since these particles are the magnetic point of view represent the best powder fraction. All further steps, which in terms of time to the step after paragraph 4, are connected, with the aid of a dynamic classifier 10 (see. FIGS. 2 and 3 ) or a high-performance classifier.
- the particles with the target size ZG between 2 ⁇ m and 8 ⁇ m are chemically sufficiently stable so that they do not cause any additional oxidation in the normal production process. In addition, they can be well oriented with the usual magnetic fields. They thus contribute significantly to achieving a high remanence of the produced magnets and are therefore desirable, necessary and useful.
- the powdery intermediate ZP is dispersed in order to produce the most homogeneous possible distribution of the different particles of the intermediate ZP.
- molecular and magnetic forces of attraction between the particles are overcome and a subsequent re-sifting and separation of particles of the fines and / or particles of the coarse fraction following dispersing becomes possible.
- a dynamic separator 10 see. FIGS. 2 and 3 ) or high-performance classifier.
- the dispersed powdery intermediate product ZP is re-sighted and particles of the fines and / or particles of the coarse fraction are thereby removed. This produces an optimized separation of the finest and coarse particles to the desired particle target size ZG.
- the fines content of particles smaller than 1 ⁇ m is reduced to less than 1%.
- the coarse fraction of particles whose size is more than 10 .mu.m can also be reduced to a fraction of less than 1%.
- This at least one additional classifying process is preferably carried out under a protective gas atmosphere, for example under helium, argon, or nitrogen, although this is not meant to be a conclusive list of possibilities.
- a protective gas atmosphere for example under helium, argon, or nitrogen, although this is not meant to be a conclusive list of possibilities.
- the protective gas atmosphere prevents spontaneous powder fires due to the finest particles fP.
- the fifth and sixth process step or the two last process steps ie the dispersion and the separation of fines fP and / or the separation of coarse particles gP in a dynamic classifier 10 according to FIG FIGS. 2 and 3 be done together.
- the intermediate product ZP dispersed in this way is passed through a classifier wheel 4, which is infinitely variable in speed, the separation of the particle sizes taking place either in target and coarse material or else in target material and fines.
- the optimized prepareerraddesign ensures that with only one crusherrad 4 very high subtleties can be achieved even at high throughputs.
- the ultrafine particles fP leave the classifying device 10 via the classifying wheel 4 installed with horizontal shaft 8 in the center of the classifying device or the dynamic classifier 10.
- the coarse particles gP are rejected by the classifying wheel 4 and by the helically formed and with a dividing wall 5 provided machine housing 9 back discharged over the Grobgutaustritt 6 on the underside of the machine housing 9.
- the discharge of the coarse particles gP can be regulated in the case of difficult separating tasks, and thus the cleanliness of the coarse particles gP can be influenced.
- the particles of the target size ZP leave the dynamic sifter 10 via the coarse material outlet 6 together with the coarse material.
- the ultrafine particles fP have been separated from the particles of the target size ZP and thus do not form part of the fraction leaving the dynamic sifter 10 via the coarse material outlet 6.
- the regulation of the desired target particle size ZG takes place here in particular by regulating the gas flow of the process air VL and / or the speed of the classifier wheel 4.
- a higher gas flow and / or a lower speed lead to a coarser product, while a lower gas flow and / or a higher Speed lead to a finer product.
- the shows FIG. 3 the at least two Spaltgaszu exchangeen (11), these are necessary to the gap between Feingutastritt and the reformerrad (4) to flush with so-called cracked gas. But there are also versions with only one Spaltgaszuateung (11) possible.
- This flushing prevents particles in the classifying wheel (4) and / or the gap between the fines outlet and the classifying wheel (4) from settling and clogging.
- the rinsing takes place by means of a suitable fluid, in a preferred embodiment by means of inert gas.
- FIG. 4 shows the particle size distribution in the intermediate ZP and in the starting material AM.
- the particle size in ⁇ m is plotted against the proportion of the volume density of the respective mixture in% in the diagram.
- a more homogeneous particle mixture in the starting material AM can be achieved by the additional process step of dispersing the intermediate product ZP and viewing with subsequent separation of very fine particles fP ⁇ 1 ⁇ m and / or coarse particles gP ⁇ 10 via a dynamic separator 10.
- the proportion of fines amounts to fP ⁇ 1% of the volume density and in which the proportion of coarse particles gP also amounts to ⁇ 1% of the volume density.
- the fractions of fine particles fP and coarse particles gP shown hatched are removed from the powdery intermediate product ZP.
- the starting material AM produced in this way is particularly suitable for the production of sintered rare-earth magnets, since with these particle sizes of the starting material AM particularly good magnet values can be achieved.
- this starting material AM for the production of permanent magnets high (improved) remanence values BR and a good (improved) opposing field stability HcJ as well as a significant improvement in the squareness of the demagnetization curve are achieved.
- FIG. 5 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the powdery intermediate ZP
- FIG. 6 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the starting material AM, as it can be produced in various embodiments of the method according to the invention and used for the production of rare earth magnets.
- the intermediate ZP represents a highly inhomogeneous mixture of different particle sizes and in particular also contains a high proportion of fines FP
- FIG. 6 clearly that the double-screened starting material AM mainly contains only particles of a target size ZG between 1 .mu.m and 10 .mu.m, preferably between 2 .mu.m and 8 .mu.m.
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines pulverförmigen und zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehenen Ausgangsmaterials (AM). Das Verfahren umfasst folgende Schritte:
- Zerkleinern einer mindestens ein Seltenerdmetall umfassenden Legierung, wobei aus der einen mindestens ein Seltenerdmetall umfassenden Legierung ein pulverförmiges Zwischenprodukt (ZP) entsteht und
- Durchführen mindestens einer auf Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte ausgerichteten Klassierung für das pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt (ZP), wobei eine mittels der mindestens einen Klassierung gebildete Fraktion des pulverförmigen Zwischenproduktes (ZP) das zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehene Ausgangsmaterial (AM) ausbildet.The invention relates to a method for producing a powdery and intended for the production of rare earth magnets starting material (AM). The method comprises the following steps:
Crushing an alloy comprising at least one rare earth element, wherein a powdery intermediate product (ZP) is formed from the one alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal, and
- Performing at least one particle size and / or density-oriented classification for the powdery intermediate product (ZP), wherein a formed by the at least one classification fraction of the powdery intermediate product (ZP) forms the intended for the production of rare earth magnet starting material (AM).
Es ist zudem wenigstens ein dynamischer Sichter vorgesehen, welcher wenigstens eine dynamische Sichter wenigstens eine auf Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte ausgerichtete Klassierung für das pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt (ZP) umsetzt und hierbei die Fraktion aus dem pulverförmigen Zwischenprodukt (ZP) abtrennt, welche das zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehene Ausgangsmaterial (AM) ausbildet. In addition, at least one dynamic classifier is provided, which converts at least one classifier and at least one particle size and / or density-oriented classification for the powdery intermediate product (ZP) and in this case separates the fraction from the powdery intermediate product (ZP) which is used for the production of Rare earth magnets provided starting material (AM) is formed.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ausgangsmaterials für die Herstellung von Seltenerd- Magneten, ein Ausgangsmaterial und eine Anlage zur Herstellung eines Ausgangsmaterials für die Herstellung von Seltenerd- Magneten.The present invention relates to a process for producing a raw material for the production of rare earth magnets, a raw material and a plant for producing a raw material for the production of rare earth magnets.
Ein Dauermagnet (auch: Permanentmagnet) ist ein Stück eines magnetisierbaren Materials, zum Beispiel Eisen, Kobalt oder Nickel, welches sein statisches Magnetfeld behält, ohne dass man (im Gegensatz zu Elektromagneten) einen elektrischen Stromfluss benötigt. Ein Dauermagnet kann durch die Einwirkung eines Magnetfeldes auf ein ferromagnetisches Material erzeugt werden.A permanent magnet is a piece of magnetizable material, such as iron, cobalt or nickel, which retains its static magnetic field without the need for electrical current flow (as opposed to electromagnets). A permanent magnet can be generated by the action of a magnetic field on a ferromagnetic material.
Unter dem Namen Seltenerd- Magnete fasst man eine Gruppe von Permanentmagneten zusammen, die im Wesentlichen aus Eisenmetallen (Eisen, Cobalt, seltener Nickel) und Seltenerdmetallen (insbesondere Neodym, Samarium, Praseodym, Dysprosium, Terbium, Gadolinium) bestehen. Sie zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie gleichzeitig eine hohe magnetische Remanenzflussdichteund eine hohe magnetische Koerzitivfeldstärke und damit eine hohe magnetische Energiedichte aufweisen.Under the name rare earth magnets one summarizes a group of permanent magnets consisting essentially of ferrous metals (iron, cobalt, rare nickel) and rare earth metals (especially neodymium, samarium, praseodymium, dysprosium, terbium, gadolinium) exist. They are characterized by having at the same time a high magnetic remanence flux density and a high magnetic coercive field strength and thus a high magnetic energy density.
Eine Legierung aus Neodym, Eisen und Bor (NdFeB) ermöglicht beispielsweise die Herstellung von sehr starken Magneten zu verhältnismäßig günstigen Kosten. Die Herstellung erfolgt über pulvermetallurgische Verfahren, heute aber teilweise auch als kunststoffgebundene Magnete. Lange Zeit waren die Einsatztemperaturen auf 60-120 °C begrenzt. Bei einigen neueren Entwicklungen mit weiteren Zusätzen anderer Seltenerdelemente, insbesondere Dysprosium oder Terbium, kann die Temperaturstabilität auf über 200°C angehoben werden. Zur Erhöhung der Korrosionsstabilität werden oft andere Legierungsbestandteile wie Kobalt hinzulegiert.An alloy of neodymium, iron and boron (NdFeB), for example, allows the production of very strong magnets at relatively low cost. The production takes place via powder metallurgical processes, but today also partly as plastic-bonded magnets. For a long time, the operating temperatures were limited to 60-120 ° C. In some recent developments with further additions of other rare earth elements, especially dysprosium or terbium, the temperature stability can be raised to over 200 ° C. To increase the corrosion stability, other alloy components such as cobalt are often added.
Permanentmagnete werden aus kristallinem Pulver hergestellt. Das Magnetpulver wird in Gegenwart eines starken Magnetfelds in eine Form gepresst. Dabei richten sich die Kristalle mit ihrer bevorzugten Magnetisierungsachse in Richtung des Magnetfelds aus. Die Presslinge werden anschließend gesintert. Beim Sintern werden die pulverisierten Bestandteile des Pulvers durch Erwärmung miteinander verbunden oder verdichtet, wobei jedoch keine oder zumindest nicht alle Ausgangsstoffe aufgeschmolzen werden. Dabei werden die Presslinge - oft unter erhöhtem Druck - derart erhitzt, dass die Temperaturen unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur der Hauptkomponenten bleiben, so dass die Gestalt (Form) des Werkstückes erhalten bleibt.Permanent magnets are made of crystalline powder. The magnetic powder is pressed into a mold in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The crystals align with their preferred magnetization axis in the direction of the magnetic field. The pellets are then sintered. During sintering, the pulverized constituents of the powder are joined or compacted by heating, but no or at least not all starting materials are melted. In this case, the compacts - often under elevated pressure - heated so that the temperatures remain below the melting temperature of the main components, so that the shape of the workpiece is maintained.
Bei der oberhalb von 1000 C liegenden Sintertemperatur geht die nach außen hin wirksame Magnetisierung verloren, weil die thermische Bewegung der Atome zur weitestgehend antiparallelen Ausrichtung der Elementarmagnete in den Kristallen führt. Da die Orientierung der Körner im Sinterverbund jedoch nicht verloren geht, kann die Parallelausrichtung der Elementarströme nach dem Abkühlen der Magnete durch einen ausreichend starken Magnetisierungsimpuls wiederhergestellt werden.At the sintering temperature above 1000 C, the outward effective magnetization is lost, because the thermal movement of the atoms leads to the largely antiparallel alignment of the elementary magnets in the crystals. However, since the orientation of the grains in the sintering composite is not lost, the parallel alignment of the elementary streams after cooling of the magnets can be restored by a sufficiently strong magnetizing pulse.
Die Herstellung des Magnetpulvers erfolgt insbesondere durch Vermahlen der entsprechenden Legierungen bzw. Bestandteile beispielsweise in Fließbettstrahlmühlen oder ähnlichen Mahlanlagen. In Fließbettstrahlmühlen erfolgt insbesondere eine definierte Feinstvermahlung, zwar mit exakter Oberkornbegrenzung, jedoch mit nicht unerheblichem Anteil an Feinstpartikeln. Die Zerkleinerungsenergie wird hierbei durch Gasstrahlen bereitgestellt.The magnetic powder is produced in particular by grinding the corresponding alloys or constituents, for example in fluid bed jet mills or similar grinding plants. In fluid bed jet mills in particular a defined Feinstvermahlung, although with exact Oberkornbegrenzung, but with not inconsiderable proportion of Feinstpartikeln. The crushing energy is provided by gas jets.
Die Praxis hat gezeigt, dass Magnetpulver, welche mittels der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren hergestellt werden können, chemisch sehr reaktiv sind und aus diesem Grunde bereits bei geringen Sauerstoffkonzentrationen mit dem Sauerstoff oder Stickstoff aus der Umgebung reagieren. Hierdurch können mit einer Weiterverarbeitung des Magnetpulvers Pulverbrände einhergehen. Auch hat die Praxis gezeigt, dass sich Magnete, die mittels aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Magnetpulvern hergestellt werden, häufig nur sehr schlecht orientierten lassen, wodurch die Remanenz der aus den bereits bekannten Magnetpulvern hergestellten Magnete verschlechtert wird. Solche Nachteile können insbesondere mit bzw. bei einem hohen Volumenprozentsatz an Feinanteilen im Magnetpulver einhergehen.Practice has shown that magnetic powders, which can be prepared by the methods known from the prior art, are chemically very reactive and, for this reason, react even at low oxygen concentrations with the oxygen or nitrogen from the environment. This can be accompanied by further processing of the magnetic powder powder fires. Also, the practice has shown that magnets, which are produced by means of magnetic powders known from the prior art, often can be very poorly oriented, whereby the remanence of the magnets produced from the already known magnetic powders is deteriorated. Such disadvantages may be associated in particular with or at a high percentage by volume of fines in the magnetic powder.
Weiter kann es sein, dass aus den bereits aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Magnetpulvern hergestellte Magnete aufgrund eines hohen Volumenprozentsatzes an Grobanteil eine verbesserungswürdige Gegenfeldstabilität bzw. Koerzitivfeldstärke besitzen.It may also be that magnets produced from the magnetic powders already known from the prior art have an improved field stability or coercive field strength due to a high percentage by volume of coarse fraction.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, die Herstellung des Ausgangsgemisches zur Herstellung von Seltenerd- Magneten weiter zu optimieren, um damit verbesserte Seltenerd- Magneten herstellen zu können.The object of the invention is to further optimize the production of the starting mixture for the production of rare earth magnets in order to be able to produce improved rare earth magnets.
Die obige Aufgabe wird durch die Gegenstände mit den Merkmalen in den unabhängigen Ansprüchen gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen werden durch die Unteransprüche beschrieben.The above object is achieved by the subject matters having the features in the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments are described by the subclaims.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines pulverförmigen und zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehenen Ausgangsmaterials.The invention relates to a method for producing a powdered and intended for the production of rare earth magnets starting material.
Ein erster Schritt des Verfahrens sieht ein Zerkleinern einer mindestens ein Seltenerdmetall umfassenden Legierung vor, wobei aus der einen mindestens ein Seltenerdmetall umfassenden Legierung ein pulverförmiges Zwischenprodukt entsteht.A first step of the method provides for comminuting an alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal, wherein a powdery intermediate product is formed from the alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal.
Ein weiterer Schritt sieht ein Durchführen mindestens einer auf Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte ausgerichteten Klassierung für das pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt vor, wobei eine mittels der mindestens einen Klassierung gebildete Fraktion des pulverförmigen Zwischenproduktes das zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehene Ausgangsmaterial ausbildet.A further step provides for carrying out at least one particle size and / or density-oriented classification for the powdery intermediate product, wherein a fraction of the powdery intermediate product formed by means of the at least one classification forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
Für das Verfahren ist wenigstens ein dynamischer Sichter vorgesehen, welcher wenigstens eine dynamische Sichter wenigstens eine auf Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte ausgerichtete Klassierung für das pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt umsetzt und hierbei die Fraktion aus dem pulverförmigen Zwischenprodukt abtrennt, welche das zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehene Ausgangsmaterial ausbildet.At least one dynamic classifier is provided for the method, which at least one dynamic classifier converts at least one particle size and / or density-based classification for the powdery intermediate product and in this case separates the fraction from the powdery intermediate product which contains the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets formed.
In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen kann vorgesehen sein, dass das pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt mindestens einem statischen Sichter zugeführt wird. Hierauf folgend kann ein mittels des mindestens einen statischen Sichters aus dem pulverförmigen Zwischenprodukt abgetrennter Anteil dem wenigstens einen dynamischen Sichter zugeführt werden, welcher wenigstens eine dynamische Sichter die wenigstens eine auf Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte ausgerichtete Klassierung für den mittels des mindestens einen statischen Sichters aus dem pulverförmigen Zwischenprodukt abgetrennten Anteil umsetzt und hierbei die Fraktion aus dem Anteil abtrennt, welche das zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehene Ausgangsmaterial ausbildet.In preferred embodiments it can be provided that the powdery intermediate product is fed to at least one static separator. Hereinafter, by means of the at least one static classifier of the powdery intermediate product separated portion to which at least one dynamic classifier are supplied, which at least one dynamic classifier which converts at least one particle size and / or density classification for the separated by means of the at least one static classifier from the powdery intermediate proportion and in this case the fraction of the proportion separates, which forms the intended for the production of rare earth magnets starting material.
Auch kann es sein, dass der wenigstens eine dynamische Sichter das pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt sichtet und zudem dispergiert, woraus resultierend die Fraktion aus dem pulverförmigen Zwischenprodukt abgetrennt wird, welche das zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehene Ausgangsmaterial ausbildet.It may also be that the at least one dynamic sifter sifts the powdery intermediate product and also disperses, as a result of which the fraction is separated from the intermediate powder product which forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
Vorstellbar ist darüber hinaus, dass im Rahmen einer ersten auf Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte ausgerichteten Klassierung der wenigstens eine dynamische Sichter Grobgut aus dem pulverförmigen Zwischenprodukt abtrennt und dass im Rahmen einer zweiten auf Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte ausgerichteten Klassierung der wenigstens eine dynamische Sichter Feingut aus dem pulverförmigen Zwischenprodukt abtrennt. Hierbei kann ein vom Feingut und Grobgut abgetrennter Anteil des pulverförmigen Zwischenproduktes die Fraktion bereitstellen, welche das zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehene Ausgangsmaterial ausbildet.It is conceivable, moreover, that within a first particle size and / or density-oriented classification, the at least one dynamic sifter separates coarse material from the powdery intermediate product and that within a second particle size and / or density-oriented classification, the at least one dynamic classifier fines separated from the powdery intermediate. In this case, a portion of the powdery intermediate product separated from the fine material and coarse material can provide the fraction which forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
Es haben sich Ausführungsformen bewährt, bei welchen die erste auf Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte ausgerichtete Klassierung und die zweite auf Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte ausgerichtete Klassierung über genau einen dynamischen Sichter durchgeführt werden. Weiter kann die mindestens ein Seltenerdmetall umfassende Legierung in zwei voneinander getrennten Schritten jeweils vorzugsweise mechanisch zerkleinert werden, wobei aus den Zerkleinerungen in getrennten Schritten das pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt entsteht.Embodiments have proved useful in which the first particle size and / or density-oriented classification and the second particle size and / or density-based classification are performed via exactly one dynamic classifier. Furthermore, the alloy comprising at least one rare earth element can in each case preferably be mechanically comminuted in two separate steps, the pulverulent intermediate product being formed from the comminution in separate steps.
Es kann sein, dass der wenigstens eine dynamische Sichter die wenigstens eine auf Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte ausgerichtete Klassierung für das pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt unter Schutzgasatmosphäre umsetzt.It may be that the at least one dynamic sifter converts the at least one particle size and / or density-oriented classification for the powdery intermediate product under a protective gas atmosphere.
Die Erfindung betrifft zudem ein zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehenes Ausgangsmaterial, welches durch ein Verfahren gemäß einer der vorhergehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen hergestellt wurde. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Ausgangsmaterial liegt ein Anteil an Partikeln > 8µm bei ≤ 2 Volumenprozent, insbesondere in einem Bereich zwischen 0,1 Volumenprozent und 1 Volumenprozent und/oder ein Anteil an Partikeln < 2 µm bei ≤ 2 Volumenprozent und insbesondere in einem Bereich zwischen 0,05 Volumenprozent und 2 Volumenprozent.The invention also relates to a provided for the production of rare earth magnets starting material, which by a method according to one of previously described embodiments. In the case of the starting material according to the invention, a proportion of particles> 8 μm is ≦ 2% by volume, in particular in a range between 0.1% by volume and 1% by volume and / or a proportion of particles <2 μm is ≦ 2% by volume and in particular in a range between 0, 05% by volume and 2% by volume.
Die Erfindung betrifft darüber hinaus ein Verfahren zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten. Das Verfahren umfasst folgende Schritte:
- Herstellen eines Ausgangsmaterials mittels eines Verfahrens gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorhergehenden Beschreibung,
- Einbringen des Ausgangsmaterials in Formen und Verpressen des Ausgangsmaterials in den Formen, wobei Rohlinge aus dem Ausgangsmaterial entstehen,
- Sintern der Rohlinge und Beaufschlagen gesinterten Rohlinge mit einem Magnetisierungsimpuls, so dass hieraus resultierend die gesinterten und mit einem Magnetisierungsimpuls beaufschlagten Rohlinge als Seltenerd-Magnete ausgebildet sind, optional können die Rohlinge einer mechanischen Bearbeitung unterzogen werden.
- Producing a starting material by means of a method according to an exemplary embodiment of the preceding description,
- Introducing the starting material into molds and compressing the starting material in the molds, resulting in blanks of the starting material,
- Sintering the blanks and applying sintered blanks with a magnetizing pulse, so that as a result, the sintered and acted upon with a magnetizing pulse blanks are designed as rare earth magnets, optionally, the blanks can be subjected to mechanical processing.
Es kann zudem sein, dass mittels des beschriebenen Verfahrens zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten ein Ausgangsmaterial gemäß vorheriger Beschreibung hergestellt wird und dass dieses Ausgangsmaterial in die Formen eingebracht und verpresst wird.It may also be that by means of the described method for the production of rare earth magnets, a starting material is prepared as described above and that this starting material is introduced into the molds and pressed.
Die Erfindung betrifft darüber hinaus eine Anlage zur Herstellung eines pulverförmigen und zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehenen Ausgangsmaterials. Merkmale, welche vorhergehend bereits zu diversen Ausführungsformen der Verfahren beschrieben wurden, können ebenso bei nachfolgend beschriebener Anlage vorgesehen sein und werden daher nicht redundant erwähnt. Auch können nachfolgend beschriebene Merkmale, welche diverse Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage betreffen, ggf. in den vorherig bereits beschriebenen Verfahren vorgesehen sein.The invention also relates to a plant for producing a powdery and intended for the production of rare earth magnets starting material. Features which have already been described above for various embodiments of the method can also be provided in the system described below and are therefore not mentioned redundantly. Also, features described below, which relate to various embodiments of the system according to the invention, may optionally be provided in the previously described method.
Die Anlage zur Herstellung eines pulverförmigen und zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehenen Ausgangsmaterials umfasst mindestens eine Zerkleinerungseinrichtung, welche auf eine Erzeugung eines pulverförmigen Zwischenproduktes durch Zerkleinerung einer mindestens ein Seltenerdmetall umfassenden Legierung ausgerichtet ist.The plant for producing a powdery and intended for the production of rare earth magnets starting material comprises at least one crushing device, which is aligned to a production of a powdery intermediate product by comminution of an alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal.
Weiter umfasst die Anlage wenigstens eine Trenneinrichtung, welche über wenigstens eine auf Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte ausgerichtete Klassierung bzw. Sichtung eine Fraktion aus dem pulverförmigen Zwischenprodukt abtrennen kann, die das zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehene Ausgangsmaterial ausbildet.Furthermore, the system comprises at least one separating device which can separate a fraction from the powdery intermediate product by means of at least one particle size and / or density-oriented classification or sighting, which forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
Es ist vorgesehen, dass die wenigstens eine Trenneinrichtung wenigstens einen dynamischen Sichter umfasst, der über eine auf Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte ausgerichtete Klassierung die Fraktion aus dem pulverförmigen Zwischenprodukt abtrennen kann, die das zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehene Ausgangsmaterial ausbildet.It is provided that the at least one separating device comprises at least one dynamic sifter, which can separate the fraction from the powdery intermediate product by means of a particle size and / or density classification, which forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen kann vorgesehen sein, dass die wenigstens eine Trenneinrichtung mindestens einen statischen Sichter umfasst, welchem das pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt zuführbar ist. Hierbei können der mindestens eine statische Sichter und der wenigstens eine dynamische Sichter derart miteinander in Verbindung stehen, dass ein mittels des mindestens einen statischen Sichters aus dem zugeführten Zwischenprodukt abgetrennter Anteil dem wenigstens einen dynamischen Sichter zuführbar ist. Der wenigstens eine dynamische Sicher kann sodann ggf. aus dem zugeführten Anteil die Fraktion abtrennen, die das zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehene Ausgangsmaterial ausbildet.In preferred embodiments it can be provided that the at least one separating device comprises at least one static separator to which the powdery intermediate product can be fed. In this case, the at least one static classifier and the at least one dynamic classifier can communicate with one another in such a way that a portion separated from the supplied intermediate product by means of the at least one static classifier can be fed to the at least one dynamic classifier. The at least one dynamic safety can then optionally separate from the added fraction the fraction which forms the starting material intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
Es kann sein, dass der wenigstens eine dynamische Sichter zum Sichten und Dispergieren des zugeführten pulverförmigen Zwischenproduktes ausgebildet ist.It may be that the at least one dynamic sifter is designed for sifting and dispersing the supplied powdery intermediate product.
Auch kann es sein, dass die mindestens eine Zerkleinerungseinrichtung zwei aufeinanderfolgende Zerkleinerungsmaschinen umfasst, die jeweils zur vorzugsweise mechanischen Zerkleinerung der mindestens ein Seltenerdmetall umfassenden Legierung ausgebildet sind und zur Erzeugung des pulverförmigen Zwischenproduktes aus der mindestens ein Seltenerdmetall umfassenden Legierung miteinander zusammenwirken.It may also be that the at least one comminution device comprises two successive comminution machines which are each designed for preferably mechanical comminution of the alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal and cooperate with one another to produce the powdery intermediate of the alloy comprising at least one rare earth element.
Bewährt haben sich zudem Ausführungsformen, bei welchen der wenigstens eine dynamische Sicher die auf Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte ausgerichtete Klassierung unter Schutzgasatmosphäre umsetzen kann.In addition, embodiments in which the at least one dynamic safety can implement the classification based on particle size and / or density under a protective gas atmosphere have proved successful.
Das Ausgangsmaterial, welche im Rahmen der vorhergehend beschriebenen Verfahren bzw. mittels der vorhergehend beschriebenen Anlage herstellbar ist, kann im Wesentlichen Partikel eines Zielgrößenbereichs umfassen und kaum Verschmutzungen mit Partikeln aufweisen, die kleiner sind als Partikel eines Zielgrößenbereichs. Diese werden nachfolgend auch als Feinstpartikel bezeichnet. Weiterhin kann das im Rahmen der vorhergehend beschriebenen Verfahren bzw. mittels der vorhergehend beschriebenen Anlage hergestellte Ausgangsmaterial im Wesentlichen kaum Verschmutzungen mit Partikeln, die größer als die Partikel des Zielgrößenbereichs sind, aufweisen. Diese werden nachfolgend auch als Grobpartikel bezeichnet.The starting material that can be produced in the context of the methods described above or by means of the plant described above can essentially comprise particles of a target size range and hardly have any contamination with particles smaller than particles of a target size range. These are also referred to below as Feinstpartikel. Furthermore, the starting material produced in the context of the previously described processes or by means of the plant described above can essentially have hardly any contamination with particles which are larger than the particles of the target size range. These are also referred to below as coarse particles.
Mit einem Verfahren bzw. einer Anlage gemäß vorhergehender Beschreibung kann insbesondere ein Ausgangsmaterial herstellbar sein, das im Wesentlichen nur Partikel mit einer Größe innerhalb des Zielgrößenbereichs in einer im Wesentlichen homogenen Mischung umfasst. Im Hinblick auf das Ausgangsmaterial, welches mit den vorhergehend beschriebenen Verfahren bzw. mittels der vorhergehend beschriebenen Anlage herstellbar ist, haben sich Ausführungsformen bewährt, bei welchen das Ausgangsmaterial Partikel im Zielgrößenbereich zwischen 1µm und 10µm, insbesondere in einem Zielgrößenbereich zwischen 2µm und 8µm, aufweist. Bei einer Zerkleinerung einer mindestens ein Seltenerd-Metall umfassenden Legierung, lässt sich in der Praxis nicht vermeiden, dass ein Anteil an Feinstpartikeln entsteht, die kleiner sind als der Zielgrößenbereich. Zudem liegt meist ein Anteil an Grobpartikeln vor, die nicht ausreichend zerkleinert worden sind. Hier muss immer ein guter Kompromiss gefunden werden. Eine weitere Vermahlung des Ausgangsmaterials würde zwar zu einer Reduzierung des Anteils an Grobpartikeln führen, gleichzeitig würde sich aber der Anteil an ebenfalls unerwünschten Feinstpartikeln erhöhen. Ein hoher volumenprozentmäßiger Anteil an Feinstpartikeln und/oder Grobpartikeln im Ausgangsmaterial geht mit unerwünschten Eigenschaften der jeweiligen aus dem Ausgangsmaterial hergestellten bzw. gefertigen Seltenerd-Magneten einher.With a method or a plant according to the above description, it is possible in particular to produce a starting material which essentially comprises only particles with a size within the target size range in a substantially homogeneous mixture. With regard to the starting material which can be produced by the previously described method or by means of the system described above, embodiments in which the starting material has particles in the target size range between 1 μm and 10 μm, in particular in a target size range between 2 μm and 8 μm, have proved successful. When comminuting an alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal, it can not be avoided in practice that a proportion of microparticles smaller than the target size range is produced. In addition, there is usually a proportion of coarse particles that have not been sufficiently comminuted. Here always a good compromise must be found. Although further grinding of the starting material would lead to a reduction in the proportion of coarse particles, at the same time the proportion of likewise undesirable fine particles would increase. A high percentage by volume of fines and / or coarse particles in the starting material is accompanied by undesirable properties of the respective rare earth magnets produced or fabricated from the starting material.
Besonders bevorzugt enthält ein im Rahmen der vorhergehenden Verfahren bzw. mittels der vorhergehend beschriebenen Anlage hergestelltes Ausgangsmaterial ≤ 2 Volumenprozent an Feinstpartikeln, insbesondere ≤ 1 Volumenprozent. Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, dass das im Rahmen der vorhergehenden Verfahren bzw. mittels der vorhergehend beschriebenen Anlage hergestellte Ausgangsmaterial ≤ 2 Volumenprozent an Grobpartikeln umfasst, insbesondere ≤ 1 Volumenprozent.Particularly preferably, a starting material prepared in the context of the preceding processes or by means of the plant described above contains ≦ 2% by volume of very fine particles, in particular ≦ 1% by volume. Furthermore, it can be provided that the starting material produced in the context of the preceding processes or by means of the plant described above comprises ≦ 2% by volume of coarse particles, in particular ≦ 1% by volume.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält das im Rahmen der vorhergehend beschriebenen Verfahren bzw. mittels der vorhergehend beschriebenen Anlage hergestellte Ausgangsmaterial im Wesentlichen bzw. überwiegend Partikel im Zielgrößenbereich zwischen 2µm und 8µm, wobei ein Anteil an Partikeln, deren Größe oberhalb von 8µm liegt, bei ≤ 2 Volumenprozent liegt, insbesondere in einem Bereich zwischen 0,1 Volumenprozent und 1 Volumenprozent und wobei ein Anteil an Partikeln, deren Größe unterhalb von 2µm liegt bei ≤ 2 Volumenprozent liegt, insbesondere in einem Bereich zwischen 0,05 Volumenprozent und 2 Volumenprozent.According to a preferred embodiment, the starting material prepared in the context of the previously described process or by means of the plant described above essentially or predominantly contains particles in the target size range between 2 μm and 8 μm, a proportion of particles whose size is above 8 μm being ≦ 2 Volume percent is, in particular in a range between 0.1 volume percent and 1 volume percent and wherein a proportion of particles whose size is less than 2 microns is ≤ 2 percent by volume, in particular in a range between 0.05 percent by volume and 2 percent by volume.
Der vorhergehend bereits erwähnte und als Bestandteil der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bzw. der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage ausgebildete wenigstens eine dynamische Sichter kann einen Klassierrotor umfassen. Eine Drehzahl des Klassierrotors kann ggf. in Abhängigkeit einer für das herzustellende Ausgangsmaterial gewünschten Partikelgrößenverteilung gesteuert bzw. geregelt werden. Hierzu kann eine Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit vorgesehen sein, welche mit dem wenigstens einen dynamischen Sichter in Verbindung steht. Auf der Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit kann ein Algorithmus abgelegt sein, über welchen die Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit unter Berücksichtigung der jeweiligen für das herzustellende Ausgangsmaterial gewünschten Partikelgrößenverteilung eine Drehzahl des als Bestandteils des wenigstens einen dynamischen Sichters ausgebildeten Klassierrotors selbständig regelt bzw. steuert.The at least one dynamic classifier already mentioned above and embodied as part of the method according to the invention or the system according to the invention may comprise a classifying rotor. A rotational speed of the classifying rotor can optionally be controlled or regulated as a function of a desired particle size distribution for the starting material to be produced. For this purpose, a control and / or regulating unit may be provided, which communicates with the at least one dynamic classifier. An algorithm can be stored on the control and / or regulating unit, via which the control and / or regulating unit independently regulates or controls a rotational speed of the classifying rotor formed as a component of the at least one dynamic classifier, taking into account the particular particle size distribution desired for the starting material to be produced ,
Der vorherig bereits erwähnte und in diversen Ausführungsformen eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bzw. einer erfindungsgemäßen Anlage vorgesehene mindestens eine statische Sichter kann ggf. durch mindestens seinen Zyklonklassierer ausgebildet sein. Durch den mindestens einen Zyklonklassierer kann ggf. bereits eine Reduzierung des Anteils an Feinstpartikeln erzielt werden. Ein via den mindestens einen statischen Sichter bzw. den mindestens einen Zyklonklassierer abgetrenntes pulveriges Gemisch, welches nachfolgend auch als pulverförmiges Zwischenprodukt bezeichnet wird, enthält auch nach der Abtrennung von Feinstpartikeln in der Regel immer noch bis zu 10 Volumenprozent an Feinstpartikeln und/oder bis zu 10 Volumenprozent an Grobpartikeln. Die Feinstanteile, die in einem solchen pulverförmigen Zwischenprodukt notgedrungen immer vorhanden sind, wirken sich somit in mehrfacher Hinsicht nachteilig auf die Eigenschaften der daraus hergestellten Seltenerd-Magnete aus.The previously mentioned and provided in various embodiments of a method according to the invention or a system according to the invention at least one static separator may optionally be formed by at least its cyclone classifier. The at least one cyclone classifier may possibly already achieve a reduction in the proportion of ultrafine particles. A via the at least one static separator or the at least one cyclone classifier separated powdery mixture, which is also referred to below as a powdery intermediate, even after the separation of fines usually still up to 10 percent by volume of fines and / or up to 10 percent by volume of coarse particles. The ultrafine portions, which are inevitably always present in such a powdery intermediate product, thus have a disadvantageous effect on the properties of the rare earth magnets produced therefrom in many respects.
Um die Partikelzusammensetzung noch weiter zu verbessern, wird das gemahlene und ggf. teilweise bereits über den mindestens einen statischen Sichter von Feinstpartikeln anteilig befreite pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt noch mindestens einem weiteren Sichterprozess, umgesetzt durch wenigstens einen dynamischen Sichter, unterworfen. Um diesen Sichterprozess effizient durchzuführen zu können, haben sich Ausführungsformen bewährt, bei welchen das pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt zunächst dispergiert wird und anschließend eine Klassierung nach Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte für das dispergierte pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt durchgeführt wird. Diese Dispergierung und Klassierung nach Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte können in genau einem dynamischen Sichter durchgeführt wird. Über den wenigstens einen dynamischen Sichter bzw. über den genau einen dynamischen Sichter können sodann Feinstpartikel und/oder Grobpartikel aus dem pulverförmigen Zwischenprodukt abgetrennt werden.In order to further improve the particle composition, the pulverulent intermediate product, which may have already been partially freed of fine particles by way of the at least one static classifier, is subjected to at least one further classifying process, implemented by at least one dynamic classifier. To be able to carry out this classifying process efficiently, embodiments have proven in which the pulverulent intermediate product is first dispersed and then a classification according to particle size and / or density for the dispersed powdery intermediate product is carried out. This dispersion and classification according to particle size and / or density can be performed in exactly one dynamic sifter. Fine particles and / or coarse particles can then be separated from the powdery intermediate product via the at least one dynamic classifier or via the exactly one dynamic classifier.
D.h. das Verfahren kann folgende Schritte einzeln oder in Kombination umfassen:
- Dispersion des Zwischenproduktes UND/ODER
- erneute Abtrennung von Feinstpartikeln und/oder Grobpartikeln.
- Dispersion of the intermediate AND / OR
- re-separation of fines and / or coarse particles.
Vorzugsweise kann somit vorgesehen sein, dass die Dispersion des Zwischenproduktes und das erneute Abtrennen von Feinstpartikeln und/oder Grobpartikeln innerhalb einer einzigen Vorrichtung, insbesondere innerhalb eines einzigen dynamischen Sichters, durchgeführt werden. Aufgrund der hohen chemischen Reaktivität von ggf. in hoher Konzentration im pulverförmigen Zwischenprodukt vorhandenen Feinstpartikeln, kann der einzige dynamische Sichter eine Dispergierung und/oder Sichtung ggf. unter Schutzgasatmosphäre umsetzen. Als Schutzgas findet beispielsweise Helium, Argon, Stickstoff o.ä. Verwendung.Preferably, it can therefore be provided that the dispersion of the intermediate product and the renewed separation of very fine particles and / or coarse particles are carried out within a single device, in particular within a single dynamic classifier. Due to the high chemical reactivity of possibly present in high concentration in the powdery intermediate fine particles, the only dynamic classifier if necessary, convert a dispersion and / or screening under a protective gas atmosphere. As a protective gas, for example, helium, argon, nitrogen or the like. Use.
Das mindestens eine als Bestandteil der Legierung ausgebildete Seltenerdmetall kann beispielsweise durch Eisen und/oder Bor ausgebildet sein. Beispielsweise kann es sich bei der mindestens ein Seltenerdmetall umfassenden Legierung um eine NdFeB- Legierung handeln. Über die oben beschriebenen Verfahrensschritte bzw. mittels der bereits beschriebenen Anlage kann aus dieser mindestens ein Seltenerd-Metall umfassenden Legierung ein Ausgangsmaterial hergestellt werden, das im Wesentlichen nur Partikel im Zielgrößenbereich zwischen 1µm bis 10µm, vorzugsweise zwischen 2µm bis 8µm, umfasst. Vorzugsweise umfasst das Ausgangsgemisch ≥ 95 Volumenprozent, insbesondere ≥ 98 Volumenprozent an Partikeln im Zielgrößenbereich, welcher Zielgrößenbereich von 2µm bis 8µm festgesetzt ist.The at least one formed as a component of the alloy rare earth metal may be formed for example by iron and / or boron. For example, the alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal may be an NdFeB alloy. By means of the method steps described above or by means of the system already described, a starting material can be produced from this alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal, which essentially comprises only particles in the target size range between 1 μm to 10 μm, preferably between 2 μm to 8 μm. The starting mixture preferably comprises ≥95% by volume, in particular ≥98% by volume, of particles in the target size range, which target range is set from 2 μm to 8 μm.
Die bereits beschriebene Anlage kann eine Vorrichtung zur Grobzerkleinerung einer mindestens ein Seltenerdmetall umfassenden Legierung umfassen. Eine unter Zuhilfenahme der Vorrichtung zur Grobzerkleinerung ggf. aus der mindestens ein Seltenerdmetall umfassenden Legierung gebildete grobe Pulverfraktion kann ggf. in einer als Bestandteil der Anlage ggf. ausgebildeten Vorrichtung zur Feinzerkleinerung zu einer feinen Pulverfraktion vermahlen werden, wobei die feine Pulverfraktion das pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt ausgebildet. Beispielsweise kann die Vorrichtung zur Feinzerkleinerung als Fließbettstrahlmühle ausgebildet sein.The plant already described may comprise an apparatus for the coarsening of an alloy comprising at least one rare earth element. A coarse powder fraction optionally formed from the alloy comprising at least one rare earth metal with the aid of the coarse comminution device can optionally be ground into a fine powder fraction in a fine comminution device optionally formed as part of the plant, the fine powder fraction forming the powdery intermediate product. For example, the device for fine comminution may be formed as a fluid bed jet mill.
Im Folgenden sollen Ausführungsbeispiele die Erfindung und ihre Vorteile anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutern. Die Größenverhältnisse der einzelnen Elemente zueinander in den Figuren entsprechen nicht immer den realen Größenverhältnissen, da einige Formen vereinfacht und andere Formen zur besseren Veranschaulichung vergrößert im Verhältnis zu anderen Elementen dargestellt sind. Nachfolgend beschriebene Merkmale sind nicht eng mit dem jeweiligen Ausführungsbeispiel verknüpft sondern können im allgemeinen Zusammenhang Verwendung finden.
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zeigt schematisch Verfahrensschritte zur Herstellung eines Ausgangsmaterials zur Fertigung von Seltenerd- Magneten, wie sie in diversen Ausführungsformen jeweils einzeln oder in der gezeigten Kombination vorgesehen sein können;Figur 1 -
zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen dynamischen Sichter, wie er in diversen Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sowie in diversen Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage vorgesehen sein kann.Figur 2 -
zeigt einen seitlichen Querschnitt durch den dynamischenFigur 3Sichter nach Figur 2 . -
stellt einer für diverse Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bzw. der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage denkbare Partikelgrößenverteilung eines pulverförmigen Zwischenproduktes einer denkbaren Partikelgrößenverteilung eines zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehenen Ausgangsmaterials gegenüber;Figur 4 -
zeigt eine rasterelektronenmikroskopische Aufnahme, wie sie für das pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt ausgebildet sein kann;Figur 5 -
zeigt eine rasterelektronenmikroskopische Aufnahme, eines Ausgangsmaterials, wie es mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bzw. der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage in diversen Ausführungsformen hergestellt werden kann.Figur 6
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FIG. 1 shows schematically process steps for the production of a starting material for the production of rare earth magnets, as may be provided individually or in the combination shown in various embodiments; -
FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a dynamic classifier, as may be provided in various embodiments of the method according to the invention and in various embodiments of the system according to the invention. -
FIG. 3 shows a lateral cross section through the dynamic classifierFIG. 2 , -
FIG. 4 represents a conceivable for various embodiments of the method and the inventive system conceivable particle size distribution of a powdery intermediate product of a conceivable particle size distribution of a provided for the production of rare earth magnets starting material; -
FIG. 5 shows a scanning electron micrograph, as it may be formed for the powdery intermediate product; -
FIG. 6 shows a scanning electron micrograph, a starting material, as it can be prepared by the method according to the invention or the system according to the invention in various embodiments.
Für gleiche oder gleich wirkende Elemente der Erfindung werden identische Bezugszeichen verwendet. Ferner werden der Übersicht halber nur Bezugszeichen in den einzelnen Figuren dargestellt, die für die Beschreibung der jeweiligen Figur erforderlich sind. Die dargestellten Ausführungsformen stellen lediglich Beispiele dar, wie die Erfindung ausgestaltet sein kann und stellen keine abschließende Begrenzung dar.For identical or equivalent elements of the invention, identical reference numerals are used. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only reference symbols are shown in the individual figures, which are required for the description of the respective figure. The illustrated embodiments are merely examples of how the invention may be configured and are not an exhaustive limitation.
Die Partikel fP des Feinstanteils sind auf Grund ihrer Feinheit chemisch sehr reaktiv und reagieren bereits bei geringsten Sauerstoffkonzentrationen mit dem Sauerstoff oder auch mit dem Stickstoff aus der Umgebung. Diese Feinstpartikel fP können bei der weiteren Verarbeitung der Pulver spontane Pulverbrände hervorrufen. Ein weiterer Nachteil der Feinstpartikel fP besteht darin, dass diese feinen Pulverteilchen sich in den üblicherweise zur Verfügung stehenden Magnetfeldern und Pressvorrichtungen (Größenordnung etwa 10 - 20 kOe) nur sehr schlecht orientieren lassen und deshalb die Remanenz der daraus hergestellten Magnete verschlechtern. Aus diesem Grund werden in einem vierten bzw. zusätzlichen Verfahrensschritt Feinstanteile, insbesondere Partikel mit einem Durchmesser von ≤ 1-2µm, aus der feinen Pulverfraktion fPF entfernt. Hierzu wird das Gemisch beispielsweise im Anschluss an die Grobvermahlung und Feinvermahlung nach Ziffern 1. und 2. durch einen Zyklon geführt, dass den Feinstanteil über einen geeigneten Gasstrom mitführt und dabei von dem Gemisch abtrennt. Dadurch wird das Zwischenprodukt ZP gebildet. Dieses enthält aber immer noch einen nicht unerheblichen Anteil von bis zu 10% an Feinstpartikeln kleiner ca. 1 µm bis 2µm.Due to their fineness, the fP particles of the fines are chemically very reactive and react with the oxygen or nitrogen from the environment even at the lowest oxygen concentrations. These fine particles fP can cause spontaneous powder fires in the further processing of the powder. A further disadvantage of the very fine particles fP is that these fine powder particles can only be orientated very poorly in the usually available magnetic fields and pressing devices (about 10-20 kOe in size) and therefore impair the remanence of the magnets produced therefrom. For this reason, ultrafine fractions, in particular particles with a diameter of ≦ 1-2 μm, are removed from the fine powder fraction fPF in a fourth or additional process step. For this purpose, for example, following the coarse grinding and fine grinding according to
Um diese verbleibenden Anteile an Feinstpartikeln fP ≤ 1 µm bis 2µm und/oder Grobpartikeln gP zwischen 10µm und 15µm möglichst vollständig zu entfernen, wird das Zwischenprodukt ZP mindestens einem weiteren Sichterprozess unterzogen, um ungewünschte Feinstpartikel fP oder Grobpartikeln gP oder Feinstpartikel fP und Grobpartikel gP zu entfernen und somit die Homogenität der Partikel in der Zielgröße ZG weiter zu verbessern, insbesondere um als Ausgangsmaterial AM ein Pulvergemisch zu erhalten, das im Wesentlichen nur noch Partikel mit Partikelgrößen in einem Zielbereich zwischen etwa 2µm bis 8µm umfasst, da diese Partikel in magnetischer Hinsicht die beste Pulverfraktion darstellen. Sämtlich weiteren Schritte, welche in zeitlicher Hinsicht an den Schritt nach Ziffer 4. Anschließen, werden unter Zuhilfenahme eines dynamischen Sichters 10 (vgl.
Die Partikel mit der Zielgröße ZG zwischen 2µm bis 8µm sind chemisch hinreichend stabil, so dass sie im normalen Herstellungsprozess keinerlei zusätzliche Oxidation bewirken. Zudem lassen sie sich mit den üblichen Magnetfeldern gut orientieren. Sie tragen somit wesentlich zum Erreichen einer hohen Remanenz der hergestellten Magnete bei und sind deshalb erwünscht, notwendig und nützlich. Je mehr Pulverteilchen von dieser Zielgröße ZG vorhanden sind, umso besser sind die Magnetwerte (Remanenz Br und Gegenfeldstabilität HcJ) der daraus hergestellten Magnete.The particles with the target size ZG between 2 μm and 8 μm are chemically sufficiently stable so that they do not cause any additional oxidation in the normal production process. In addition, they can be well oriented with the usual magnetic fields. They thus contribute significantly to achieving a high remanence of the produced magnets and are therefore desirable, necessary and useful. The more powder particles of this target size ZG are present, the better the magnet values (remanence Br and opposing field stability HcJ) of the magnets produced therefrom.
In einem weiteren bzw. vorliegend 5. Verfahrensschritt wird das pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt ZP dispergiert, um eine möglichst homogene Verteilung der unterschiedlichen Partikel des Zwischenproduktes ZP herzustellen. Dabei werden insbesondere molekulare und magnetische Anziehungskräfte zwischen den Partikeln überwunden und eine der Dispergierung folgende erneute Sichtung und Abtrennung von Partikel des Feinstanteils und/oder Partikel des Grobanteils möglich. Auch für diesen Verfahrensschritt wird ein dynamischer Sichter 10 (vgl.
Das dispergierte pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt ZP wird erneut gesichtet und Partikel des Feinstanteils und/oder Partikel des Grobanteils werden dabei entfernt. Dadurch wird eine optimierte Trennung von Feinst- und Grobanteil zur gewünschten Partikel- Zielgröße ZG hergestellt. Der Feinstanteil von Partikeln, deren Größe kleiner 1µm beträgt, wird dabei auf einen Anteil von weniger als 1 % reduziert. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Grobanteil von Partikeln, deren Größe über 10µm liegt, ebenfalls auf einen Anteil von weniger als 1 % reduziert werden.The dispersed powdery intermediate product ZP is re-sighted and particles of the fines and / or particles of the coarse fraction are thereby removed. This produces an optimized separation of the finest and coarse particles to the desired particle target size ZG. The fines content of particles smaller than 1 μm is reduced to less than 1%. Alternatively or additionally, the coarse fraction of particles whose size is more than 10 .mu.m can also be reduced to a fraction of less than 1%.
Dieser mindestens eine zusätzliche Sichtersprozess wird vorzugsweise unter Schutzgasatmosphäre durchgeführt, beispielsweise unter Helium, Argon, oder Stickstoff, wobei dies keine abschließende Aufzählung der Möglichkeiten darstellen soll. Die Schutzgasatmosphäre verhindert insbesondere spontane Pulverbrände aufgrund der Feinstpartikel fP.This at least one additional classifying process is preferably carried out under a protective gas atmosphere, for example under helium, argon, or nitrogen, although this is not meant to be a conclusive list of possibilities. In particular, the protective gas atmosphere prevents spontaneous powder fires due to the finest particles fP.
Besonders bevorzugt können der fünfte und sechste Verfahrensschritt bzw. die beiden letzten Verfahrensschritte, d.h. die Dispersion und die Abtrennung von Feinstpartikeln fP und/oder die Abtrennung von Grobpartikeln gP in einem dynamischen Sichter 10 gemäß
Im Hinblick auf die Ausführungsform eines dynamischen Sichters 1 nach
Das derart aufdispergierte Zwischenprodukt ZP wird über ein in der Drehzahl stufenlos einstellbares Sichterrad 4 geleitet, wobei die Trennung der Partikelgrößen entweder in Ziel- und Grobgut oder aber in Ziel- und Feinstgut erfolgt.The intermediate product ZP dispersed in this way is passed through a
Durch das optimierte Sichterraddesign ist gewährleistet, dass mit nur einem Sichterrad 4 sehr hohe Feinheiten auch bei hohen Durchsätzen erreicht werden können. Die Feinstpartikel fP verlassen die Sichtervorrichtung 10 über das mit horizontaler Welle 8 eingebaute Sichterrad 4 im Zentrum der Sichtervorrichtung bzw. des dynamischen Sichters 10. Die groben Partikel gP werden vom Sichterrad 4 abgewiesen und durch das schraubenförmig ausgebildete und mit einer Trennwand 5 versehene Maschinengehäuse 9 rückseitig über den Grobgutaustritt 6 an der Unterseite des Maschinengehäuses 9 ausgetragen. Über die Stellung der Grobgutklappe 7 kann der Austrag der Grobpartikel gP bei schwierigen Trennaufgaben geregelt, und so die Sauberkeit der Grobpartikel gP beeinflusst werden. Die Partikel der Zielgröße ZP verlassen zusammen mit dem Grobgut den dynamischen Sichter 10 über den Grobgutaustritt 6. Der Feinstpartikel fP wurden von den Partikeln der Zielgröße ZP abgetrennt und bilden somit keinen Bestandteil der Fraktion, welche den dynamischen Sichter 10 über den Grobgutaustritt 6 verlässt.The optimized Sichterraddesign ensures that with only one
Die Regulierung der gewünschten Zielpartikelgröße ZG erfolgt hierbei insbesondere über eine Regulierung des Gasstroms der Verfahrensluft VL und/oder der Drehzahl des Sichterrads 4. Ein höherer Gasstrom und/oder eine niedrigere Drehzahl führen zu einem gröberen Produkt, während ein niedrigerer Gasstrom und/oder eine höhere Drehzahl zu einem feineren Produkt führen.The regulation of the desired target particle size ZG takes place here in particular by regulating the gas flow of the process air VL and / or the speed of the
Zusätzlich zeigt die
Das derart hergestellte Ausgangsmaterial AM eignet sich aufgrund der zwischen 1µm und 10µm, vorzugsweise zwischen 2µm und 8µm, liegenden Partikelgröße besonders für die Herstellung von gesinterten Seltenerd- Magneten, da bei diesen Partikelgrößen des Ausgangsmaterials AM besonders gute Magnetwerde erzielt werden können. Insbesondere werden mit diesem Ausgangsmaterial AM für die Herstellung von Permanentmagneten hohe (verbesserte) Remanenzwerte BR und eine gute (verbesserte) Gegenfeldstabilität HcJ sowie eine deutliche Verbesserung der Rechteckigkeit der Entmagnetisierungskurve erzielt.Due to the particle size lying between 1 μm and 10 μm, preferably between 2 μm and 8 μm, the starting material AM produced in this way is particularly suitable for the production of sintered rare-earth magnets, since with these particle sizes of the starting material AM particularly good magnet values can be achieved. In particular, with this starting material AM for the production of permanent magnets, high (improved) remanence values BR and a good (improved) opposing field stability HcJ as well as a significant improvement in the squareness of the demagnetization curve are achieved.
Die Ausführungsformen, Beispiele und Varianten der vorhergehenden Absätze, die Ansprüche oder die folgende Beschreibung und die Figuren, einschließlich ihrer verschiedenen Ansichten oder jeweiligen individuellen Merkmale, können unabhängig voneinander oder in beliebiger Kombination verwendet werden. Merkmale, die in Verbindung mit einer Ausführungsform beschrieben werden, sind für alle Ausführungsformen anwendbar, sofern die Merkmale nicht unvereinbar sind. Die Erfindung wurde unter Bezugnahme auf bevorzugte Ausführungsformen beschrieben. Es ist für einen Fachmann vorstellbar, dass Abwandlungen oder Änderungen der Erfindung gemacht werden können, ohne dabei den Schutzbereich der nachstehenden Ansprüche zu verlassen. Es ist möglich, einige der Komponenten oder Merkmale eines der Beispiele in Kombination mit Merkmalen oder Komponenten eines anderen Beispiels anzuwenden.The embodiments, examples and variations of the preceding paragraphs, the claims or the following description and the figures, including their various views or respective individual features, may be used independently or in any combination. Features described in connection with one embodiment are applicable to all embodiments as long as the features are not inconsistent. The invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or changes may be made to the invention without departing from the scope of the following claims. It is possible to apply some of the components or features of one of the examples in combination with features or components of another example.
- 11
- Produktzugabeproduct feed
- 22
- SichterlufteintrittSichterlufteintritt
- 33
- LeitschaufelkorbLeitschaufelkorb
- 44
- Sichterradclassifier
- 55
- Trennwandpartition wall
- 66
- GrobgutaustrittGrobgutaustritt
- 77
- GrobgutklappeGrobgutklappe
- 88th
- Wellewave
- 99
- Maschinengehäusemachine housing
- 1010
- SichtervorrichtungSichtervorrichtung
- 1111
- SpaltgaszuführungCracked gas supply
- AMAT THE
- Ausgangsmaterialstarting material
- fPfP
- feinste Partikel / Feinstpartikelfinest particles / finest particles
- fPFFPF
- feine Pulverfraktionfine powder fraction
- gPgp
- grobe Partikel Grobpartikelcoarse particles coarse particles
- gPFGPF
- grobe Pulverfraktioncoarse powder fraction
- VLVL
- Verfahrensluftprocess air
- ZGZG
- Zielgrößetarget
- ZPZP
- Zwischenproduktintermediate
- SGSG
- Spaltgascracked gas
Claims (15)
für das Verfahren wenigstens ein dynamischer Sichter (10) vorgesehen ist, welcher wenigstens eine auf Partikelgröße und/oder Dichte ausgerichtete Klassierung für das pulverförmige Zwischenprodukt (ZP) umsetzt und hierbei die Fraktion aus dem pulverförmigen Zwischenprodukt (ZP) abtrennt, welche das zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehene Ausgangsmaterial (AM) ausbildet.
at least one dynamic sifter (10) is provided for the method, which converts at least one particle size and / or density-oriented classification for the powdery intermediate product (ZP) and in this case separates the fraction from the powdery intermediate product (ZP) which is used for the production of Rare earth magnets provided starting material (AM) is formed.
wonach ein vom Feingut und Grobgut abgetrennter Anteil des pulverförmigen Zwischenproduktes die Fraktion bereitstellt, welche das zur Fertigung von Seltenerd-Magneten vorgesehene Ausgangsmaterial (AM) ausbildet.
according to which a fraction of the powdery intermediate product separated from the fine material and coarse material provides the fraction which forms the starting material (AM) intended for the production of rare earth magnets.
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