EP3415318B1 - Workpiece and method and device for forming a decorative workpiece - Google Patents

Workpiece and method and device for forming a decorative workpiece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3415318B1
EP3415318B1 EP18162382.8A EP18162382A EP3415318B1 EP 3415318 B1 EP3415318 B1 EP 3415318B1 EP 18162382 A EP18162382 A EP 18162382A EP 3415318 B1 EP3415318 B1 EP 3415318B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lacquer
workpiece
layer
liquid
lacquer layer
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP18162382.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3415318A1 (en
Inventor
René Pankoke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
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Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=61691702&utm_source=***_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP3415318(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE102017113035.7A external-priority patent/DE102017113035B4/en
Priority claimed from DE102017113036.5A external-priority patent/DE102017113036B4/en
Priority claimed from EP18157511.9A external-priority patent/EP3415316B1/en
Priority claimed from EP18161725.9A external-priority patent/EP3415317B2/en
Application filed by Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau filed Critical Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Priority to PL18162382T priority Critical patent/PL3415318T3/en
Priority to ES18168263T priority patent/ES2781801T3/en
Priority to EP18168263.4A priority patent/EP3415319B1/en
Priority to PL18168263T priority patent/PL3415319T3/en
Priority to US16/494,309 priority patent/US11420229B2/en
Priority to CN201880011317.1A priority patent/CN110290925B/en
Priority to US16/494,310 priority patent/US11883843B2/en
Priority to US16/494,307 priority patent/US11141759B2/en
Priority to CN201880009862.7A priority patent/CN110267813B/en
Priority to CN202110406502.4A priority patent/CN113212020B/en
Priority to PCT/EP2018/065737 priority patent/WO2018229169A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2018/065731 priority patent/WO2018229164A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2018/065738 priority patent/WO2018229170A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2018/065734 priority patent/WO2018229167A1/en
Priority to US16/494,308 priority patent/US11511318B2/en
Publication of EP3415318A1 publication Critical patent/EP3415318A1/en
Publication of EP3415318B1 publication Critical patent/EP3415318B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to US17/322,966 priority patent/US20210268542A1/en
Priority to US17/467,316 priority patent/US20210394232A1/en
Priority to US17/883,626 priority patent/US11717851B2/en
Priority to US17/883,623 priority patent/US11717850B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F23/00—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing
    • B41F23/08—Print finishing devices, e.g. for glossing prints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/06—Veined printings; Fluorescent printings; Stereoscopic images; Imitated patterns, e.g. tissues, textiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/0041—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper
    • B41M5/0047—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper by ink-jet printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F9/00—Designs imitating natural patterns
    • B44F9/02—Designs imitating natural patterns wood grain effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
    • B44F1/02—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by reflected light, e.g. matt surfaces, lustrous surfaces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a decorative surface and a workpiece.
  • a decorative surface for furniture, floor panels or wall panels is state of the art.
  • Surfaces of workpieces e.g. Particle board or MDF board, coated with a decorative printed paper or printed directly after applying a white primer and provided with a protective lacquer.
  • the surfaces are often replicas of real wooden surfaces, stones or tiles. Both the image (decor) of the wooden surface and the tactile "haptic" structure (tactile wood pores and knotholes) are reproduced.
  • the surfaces that are coated can (also in the sense of the present invention) also be rolled goods such as printed paper or printed plastic films.
  • the optical replication of decorative images is generated both with analog printing methods and with digital printing methods based on a digital image template.
  • an analogous method is used according to the prior art, such as embossing with structured embossing plates (“matrices”). It is also known to generate such structures with digital methods, as is the case in DE 10 2015 110 236 A1 and DE 10 2009 044 802 A1 is shown.
  • the DE 10 2007 055 053 A1 discloses a method for processing a structured surface of an embossing tool ("die"), wherein the degree of gloss of a first coating differs from that of a second coating, for example by Wood pores better to understand.
  • die embossing tool
  • a finished product e.g. a floor panel, consisting of an HDF core board and a printed, melamine-impregnated paper as a decorative layer
  • the wood pores printed decoratively in the paper are also visible through differences in the gloss level of the hardened melamine surface, molded from the differently processed surface of the die.
  • embossing tool is a complex process.
  • embossing tools are mostly used in short-cycle presses in which the change from one embossing tool to the other takes a long time, at least about 15-30 minutes.
  • WO 2010/079 014 A2 a component made of wood-based materials with printed decor and different degrees of gloss.
  • optical and haptically appealing surface with an optimized structuring. Furthermore, it should be possible to arrange optical and haptic properties on a surface in a spatially suitable manner, e.g. to be able to arrange a shiny pore spatially exactly above the optically printed wooden pore.
  • a workpiece for example a panel made of a wood-based material
  • a coating station in order to then apply a first liquid varnish with a coarse structure to a surface, in which a difference in thickness between thicker and thinner areas is at least 50 ⁇ m , in particular at least 100 microns, for example between 150 microns and 400 microns.
  • the first lacquer layer with a coarse structure is then at least partially cured.
  • a decorative image can then preferably be printed on this first lacquer layer by means of multicolored printing, it optionally being possible for the decorative image to be printed even before the first lacquer layer, the first lacquer then being at least partially transparent so that the decorative image remains visible.
  • the workpiece can also be provided with a decorative image at the beginning.
  • a second liquid, at least partially transparent lacquer is now applied to the lacquer layer with coarse structuring and, for example, a visible decorative image, in order to produce a fine structuring in regions.
  • This second lacquer is then preferably cured, the difference in thickness in the area of fine structuring of the second lacquer layer being less than 50 ⁇ m, in particular less than 30 ⁇ m, for example between 5 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m.
  • a visible decorative image is coated with at least two layers of lacquer, which produce a different structure on the surface, a rough structure with larger differences in thickness and a fine structure with smaller differences in thickness. This makes the surface less uniform in appearance and feel.
  • the degree of gloss in the area of fine structuring is preferably different by at least 10 gloss units than in the area of coarse structuring.
  • the degree of gloss of the first lacquer layer can preferably deviate at least 20 gloss units from the gloss degree of the second lacquer layer, the gloss units being measured according to DIN EN ISO 2813: 2015-02 at an angle of 60 °. This makes an optically clearly perceptible gloss effect recognizable.
  • the setting of the degree of gloss can be varied during printing by the droplet size and / or the number of droplets per surface or by the use of matting agents.
  • the gloss measurement is carried out in accordance with DIN EN ISO 2813: 2015-02.
  • the amount of light that a surface has in relation to a reference standard is used for gloss measurement reflected from polished glass, measured.
  • the unit of measurement used is GU (Gloss Units).
  • the amount of light reflected on the surface depends on the angle of incidence and the properties of the surface.
  • different angles of incidence (20 °, 60 ° and 85 °) can be used to determine the degree of reflection, preferably measuring with the angle of incidence of 60 °.
  • the mean value of measurements at the three angles of incidence can also be used.
  • the reflectance compares the light energy emitted and received by a gloss meter in percent at a certain angle of incidence.
  • All surfaces or sections of surfaces that achieve less than 20 gloss units when measured with a gloss level meter are defined as “matte” and all surfaces or sections of surfaces that achieve more than 60 gloss units are defined as “glossy” designated.
  • One of the two layers of paint can be matt and the other glossy.
  • the droplets of the second lacquer layer are sprayed on with a droplet size preferably less than 100 pL, in particular less than 10 pL.
  • Different gloss levels can optionally also be set on the second lacquer layer, so that there may also be gloss differences within the second lacquer layer.
  • the first lacquer is preferably applied with at least one pressure roller which rolls on a surface of the workpiece.
  • the pressure roller can, for example, be engraved and have an elastic material on an outer surface or an inner ring. Then the engraved roller can roll directly on the surface of the workpiece.
  • the first paint can be applied via at least two rollers, the first paint being transferred from a first roller to a second application roller, which then transfers the first paint onto the surface of the workpiece.
  • the second lacquer for producing the fine structuring is preferably applied by at least one digital print head.
  • an optical area of a decorative image can be arranged in a spatially appropriate manner in terms of its haptic properties.
  • a fine wood grain which is arranged congruently with a wood grain of the decorative picture, can be reproduced via the fine structuring.
  • the application of the second lacquer can also take place after the application of an initially liquid lacquer, in which case lacquer droplets of the second lacquer layer are then sprayed into the still liquid material to produce a fine structuring.
  • the paint droplets can consist of the same material as the liquid layer.
  • a large number of paint droplets are applied to the still liquid paint layer with digital print heads, for example using paint droplets with a volume of less than 10 pL, which are sprayed onto the still liquid paint at a speed greater than 1 m / sec.
  • the paint droplets consist of a different material than the liquid paint, which, after striking, undergo a chemical reaction with the liquid paint, which changes the surface optically and / or haptically at the points.
  • the liquid lacquer can also cause a physical reaction by hitting the liquid lacquer, the sprayed droplets evaporating within less than 5 minutes due to evaporation.
  • the method according to the invention is preferably used for plate-shaped workpieces, in particular made of a wood material.
  • a roll product instead of a plate-shaped workpiece.
  • This can be, for example, decoratively printed paper or a plastic film, for example made of ABS, PP, PE or similar materials.
  • the paper can have a basis weight between 20 g / m 2 and 300 g / m 2 .
  • the plastic films can have a thickness of 0.05 mm to 5 mm.
  • the rolled goods can, for example, be edgebands that be fixed to the end faces of plate-shaped workpieces in the manufacture of furniture panels.
  • FIG. 1 A plate-shaped workpiece 1.0 is shown, on which an optional first base layer 1.1 is applied to a surface.
  • a decorative image for example a wood reproduction or a tile representation, is optionally printed on the workpiece 1.0 before the first base layer 1.1 is applied.
  • a decorative image can also be printed on after the application of the first base layer 1.1 or after the application of a structured second base layer 1.2, for example using a 4-color digital printer.
  • a second liquid base layer 1.2 is applied on the first base layer 1.1.
  • This second base layer 1.2 has been structured by digitally sprayed-on droplets 1.3, so that the surface is no longer flat, but has a structure and forms a first lacquer layer with a rough structure.
  • a further lacquer layer 1.4 is then applied, which has a first degree of gloss.
  • a second lacquer layer 1.5 is then applied to the first lacquer layer 1.4 via digital print heads applied to produce a fine structuring, the second lacquer layer 1.5 only partially covering the surface of the first lacquer layer 1.4.
  • the lacquer layers 1.4 and 1.5 are cured in succession or together, for example using UV radiation. After curing, the second lacquer layer 1.5 has a different degree of gloss than the first lacquer layer.
  • the second base layer 1.2 By means of digitally sprayed-on droplets, it is also possible to structure a base layer by other methods, for example using only area-wise application or embossing dies. It is also possible to apply the decor image to a structured surface instead of a flat surface.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the plate-shaped workpiece 1.0 of the Figure 1 shown and it can be seen that the decorative image comprises a wood pore 2.5 and grained wood areas 2.4.
  • the different areas of the wood pore 2.5 and the grained wood areas 2.4 can also have a different degree of gloss due to the second lacquer view 1.5, the decorative areas of the image and the different gloss areas due to the lacquer application preferably being congruent.
  • a carrier plate made of a wood-based material or a plate made of another material with a thickness of at least 4 mm, preferably 8 to 16 mm and external dimensions of at least 200 mm width and at least 400 mm length is initially coated with a UV-curing agent , white base coat coated, for example with an amount of about 20 g / sqm. This white base coat is then cured under UV radiation.
  • the carrier plate is then fed to a digital printing device, in which a printed image, for example a replica of small tiles as a mosaic, a wood decor or another pattern, is applied using 4-color printing as CMYK.
  • a digital printing device in which a printed image, for example a replica of small tiles as a mosaic, a wood decor or another pattern, is applied using 4-color printing as CMYK.
  • FIG. 3 As an example, a pattern with two differently colored mosaic tiles is shown for a printed image, which is printed on a plate-shaped workpiece 3.0, light mosaic tiles 3.1 and darker mosaic tiles 3.2 being provided.
  • a variety of other colors of tiles or mosaics with pictorial representations can be used.
  • a thin base coat layer of 5-15 g / sqm of a likewise UV-curing lacquer is applied to the workpiece 3.0 printed in this way and (partially) cured with UV light.
  • this base lacquer layer can also be omitted completely or replaced by a solvent lacquer or an aqueous acrylate lacquer, which is then physically dried.
  • a base lacquer layer 1.2 is then applied to the first base lacquer layer or alternatively directly to the printed image as a radiation-hardening lacquer layer with a coarse structure, preferably based on acrylate, in a layer thickness of 100-500 ⁇ m.
  • the base lacquer layer 1.2 can be applied by digital print heads or by pressure rollers or other processes.
  • a second, transparent lacquer layer 1.3 is optionally printed by means of a digital print template with digital print heads before curing into the still liquid layer. When this lacquer layer 1.3 is applied, the droplet size can vary between 1 pL and 100 pL.
  • the digital print template used is the one that was also used to print the tile mosaic described above.
  • This template is previously electronically modified so that only the spaces 3.3 of the mosaic tiles 3.1 and 3.2 are printed.
  • the radiation-curing base lacquer layer 1.2 is then cured together with the lacquer layer 1.3 using a UV lamp.
  • curing can also take place by means of electron radiation.
  • the result is a support plate printed with a tile mosaic, in which the interspaces 3.3 are deepened by 10 - 60 ⁇ m as joints between the mosaic tiles 3.1 and 3.2.
  • the degree of gloss of at least parts of the entire surface is then adjusted to the desired value by the at least partial application of a second lacquer layer 1.4 with subsequent drying, the degree of gloss of the first lacquer layer 1.3 deviating from the degree of gloss of the second lacquer layer.
  • the additional application of a third lacquer layer 1.5 can also be carried out before or after the hardening of the second lacquer layer 1.4, the third lacquer layer 1.5 also consisting of a large number of droplets with a size of 3-100 pL released onto the surface.
  • this third lacquer layer both the degree of gloss in partial areas can be changed again and the surface structure depth of the not yet hardened lacquer layer 1.4 can be influenced.
  • the lacquer layers 1.4 and 1.5 can also be omitted completely if, at the same time as the second base lacquer layer 1.2 applied for structuring, the degree of gloss is also changed by applying the first lacquer layer 1.3.
  • the surface of the mosaic tiles 3.1 and 3.2 now has a value of, for example, 60-90 gloss units, while the degree of gloss at the spaces 3.3 is, for example, only 20 to 40 gloss units.
  • the degree of gloss at the gaps 3.3 can also be reduced by a further layer of lacquer, which is then printed by a further digital printing device with a transparent, UV-curing lacquer in the lowered gaps. Then more than just two layers of lacquer are applied to adjust the degree of gloss.
  • Droplet sizes of 3-6 pL are used to print a rather matt lacquer layer, which are cured within 0.5 - 2 seconds after hitting the surface with UV-LED radiation to such an extent that they can no longer flow. This creates a surface structure in these areas incident light is no longer reflected. The degree of gloss is thus reduced to values of 30 gloss units and less.
  • the second lacquer layer can optionally have a higher or lower degree of gloss than the first lacquer layer.
  • the degree of gloss can be set using the following methods, for example:
  • Matt areas through the first layer of lacquer consist of previously applied (analog or digital) matt lacquer, for example with matting agents or by excimer matting.
  • Glossy areas of the second lacquer layer consist of lacquer applied by digital printheads, which is formed from a large number of individual droplets, which results in a section which is very smooth in sections and thus a high degree of gloss.
  • the droplets have a size of at least 6 pL, and curing takes place only after a development phase of at least 1 sec, preferably only after more than 5 sec.
  • the glossy areas of the first lacquer layer consist of previously applied (analog or digital) glossy lacquer, matt areas of the second lacquer layer consist of digitally applied lacquer from a multitude of tiny droplets with a droplet size of less than 8 pL, preferably less than 3 pL, which are within less than 3 seconds after application, preferably less than 1 second after application, are at least partially cured.
  • curing is preferably carried out by means of a UV-LED lamp which is arranged in the direction of passage within less than 100 mm after the digital printheads which apply the large number of droplets to the surface.
  • Matting agents for example PE waxes or silicas, can be added to the lacquer to produce a matt lacquer layer.
  • the proportion of matting agents in the paint can be between 2% to 6%, in particular 3% to 5% (weight percent).
  • the lacquers used can be replaced by aqueous or solvent-based lacquers instead of acrylate-containing, UV-hardening lacquers.
  • the steps for UV drying using UV LEDs or UV arc lamps are replaced by physical drying using hot air or IR radiators or a combination of both.
  • a workpiece 4.1 for example a plate made of a wood material with a width of 200 to 2000 mm and a length between 500 and 3000 mm and a thickness between 8 mm and 18 mm, is fed to a coating station.
  • the workpiece 4.1 is already with a decorative image, such as a wood replica, e.g. an oak decor, printed.
  • a smooth intermediate lacquer layer 4.2 such as a primer or primer, is optionally applied in the coating station.
  • a radiation-curing, transparent first lacquer layer 4.3 of 100 to 200 g / m 2 is then applied to the workpiece 4.1 by means of a laser-engraved rubber roller, the structure of a coarse wood pore being created on the surface by the engraving in the rubber roller.
  • the height differences between the "pore valleys" and the elevations, ie the thickness differences of the first lacquer layer 4.3 are between 150 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m (micrometers) and form a rough structure.
  • the applied varnish is then cured with a UV lamp.
  • a decorative image 4.4 can be printed on the surface structured in this way using a digital printer with a 4-color print if there was no image on the workpiece before the coating.
  • the lacquer layer 4.3 can also be colored, for example white.
  • Another liquid lacquer layer 4.5 is applied to the now hardened lacquer layer 4.3 with or without the colored decorative printing layer 4.4 in a further coating station by means of a smooth rubber roller.
  • the workpiece is then fed to a digital printing station 4.6, where a multitude of droplets 4.7 are applied to the still liquid lacquer layer 4.5 according to a digital image, which provide the still liquid lacquer layer 4.5 with a fine structuring.
  • the digital picture template is matched to the previously printed decor picture, e.g. rustic oak, so that the optically recognizable picture components, such as a knothole, or a black printed crack in the wood, correspond exactly spatially with the structure printed in the liquid pore. The end user can also feel the optically printed knothole.
  • the very deep and coarse structure from the lacquer layer 4.3 which emphasizes the rustic character of the oak replica, also lies above everything.
  • a second aspect of the method according to the preceding paragraph is that the degree of gloss in the area of fine structuring is different by at least 10 gloss units than in the coarse structuring.
  • a third aspect of the method in accordance with one of the two preceding paragraphs is that the application of the first lacquer takes place with at least one pressure roller which rolls on a surface of the workpiece.
  • a fourth aspect of the method according to one of the three preceding paragraphs is that the second lacquer is applied by at least one digital print head.
  • a fifth aspect of the method according to one of the four previous paragraphs is that the material for the first and the second lacquer is identical.
  • a sixth aspect of the method according to one of the five preceding paragraphs consists in first applying a liquid lacquer to produce the second lacquer layer and then spraying lacquer droplets of the second lacquer layer into the still liquid material to produce a fine structuring.
  • a seventh aspect of the method according to the previous paragraph is that the paint droplets consist of the same material as the liquid layer.
  • An eighth aspect of the method according to one of the two preceding paragraphs is that a large number of paint droplets are applied to the still liquid paint layer using digital print heads, each paint droplet having a volume of less than 10 pL, and the speed of each paint droplet when it hits on the still liquid paint layer is greater than 1 m / sec.
  • a ninth aspect of the method according to the sixth aspect is that the paint droplets are made of a different material than the liquid paint and, after impact, undergo a chemical reaction with the liquid paint that changes the surface at the points optically and / or haptically.
  • a tenth aspect of the method according to the sixth aspect is that the paint droplets are made of a different material than the liquid paint and after a physical reaction by striking the liquid paint evaporate within less than 5 minutes by evaporation.
  • An eleventh aspect of the method according to one of the preceding aspects consists in that at least one intermediate coating is applied between the workpiece and the first lacquer layer.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a workpiece, in particular a plate-shaped workpiece made of a wooden workpiece, a carrier material on which at least one decorative image is printed, and at least one lacquer layer with a rough structure, in which a difference in thickness between thicker areas and thinner areas is at least 50 ⁇ m , in particular is at least 100 ⁇ m, and at least one second lacquer layer made of an at least partially transparent material with a fine structure, in which the difference in thickness is less than 50 ⁇ m, in particular less than 30 ⁇ m.
  • the first layer of lacquer has a layer thickness between 100 and 500 ⁇ m.
  • a third aspect of the workpiece according to one of the two preceding paragraphs is that the second lacquer layer has a layer thickness between 10 and 100 ⁇ m.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer dekorativen Oberfläche und ein Werkstück.The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a decorative surface and a workpiece.

Eine dekorative Oberfläche für Möbel, Fußbodenpaneele oder Wandpaneele ist Stand der Technik. Dabei werden Oberflächen von Werkstücken, wie z.B. Spanplatten oder MDF-Platten, mit einem dekorativ bedruckten Papier beschichtet oder direkt nach Aufbringen einer weißen Grundierung bedruckt und mit einem Schutzlack versehen. Die Oberflächen sind häufig Nachbildungen von echten Holzoberflächen, Steinen oder Fliesen. Dabei wird sowohl das Bild (Dekor) der Holzoberfläche als auch die fühlbare "haptische" Struktur (fühlbare Holzporen und Astlöcher) nachgebildet. Die Oberflächen, die beschichtet werden, können (auch im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung) aber auch Rollenware wie bedrucktes Papier oder bedruckte Kunststofffolien sein.A decorative surface for furniture, floor panels or wall panels is state of the art. Surfaces of workpieces, e.g. Particle board or MDF board, coated with a decorative printed paper or printed directly after applying a white primer and provided with a protective lacquer. The surfaces are often replicas of real wooden surfaces, stones or tiles. Both the image (decor) of the wooden surface and the tactile "haptic" structure (tactile wood pores and knotholes) are reproduced. The surfaces that are coated can (also in the sense of the present invention) also be rolled goods such as printed paper or printed plastic films.

Die optische Nachbildung von Dekorbildern wird nach dem Stand der Technik sowohl mit analogen Druckverfahren als auch mit digitalen Druckverfahren nach einer digitalen Bildvorlage erzeugt. Zur Erzeugung der haptischen, fühlbaren Struktur mit einer Strukturtiefe von üblicherweise 5 - 500 µm, bevorzugt 10-100 µm, wird nach dem Stand der Technik ein analoges Verfahren, wie z.B. die Prägung mit strukturierten Prägeblechen ("Matrizen"), eingesetzt. Es ist zudem bekannt, solche Strukturen mit digitalen Verfahren zu erzeugen, wie dies in der DE 10 2015 110 236 A1 und DE 10 2009 044 802 A1 gezeigt ist.According to the prior art, the optical replication of decorative images is generated both with analog printing methods and with digital printing methods based on a digital image template. To produce the tactile, tactile structure with a structure depth of usually 5 to 500 μm, preferably 10 to 100 μm, an analogous method is used according to the prior art, such as embossing with structured embossing plates (“matrices”). It is also known to generate such structures with digital methods, as is the case in DE 10 2015 110 236 A1 and DE 10 2009 044 802 A1 is shown.

Die DE 10 2007 055 053 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer strukturierten Oberfläche eines Prägewerkzeuges ("Matrize"), wobei sich der Glanzgrad einer ersten Beschichtung von dem einer zweiten Beschichtung unterscheidet, um beispielsweise Holzporen besser nachzuempfinden. Bei anschließender Verwendung eines solchen Prägewerkzeuges zur Herstellung eines fertigen Produktes, z.B. eines Fußbodenpaneels, bestehend aus einer HDF-Trägerplatte und einem bedruckten, Melamin-imprägnierten Papier als Dekorschicht, werden nach der Verpressung mit dem Prägewerkzeug bei einem optischen Sichtwinkel von weniger als 45 Grad im Gegenlicht die im Papier dekorativ gedruckten Holzporen auch durch Glanzgradunterschiede der ausgehärteten Melaminoberfläche, abgeformt von der unterschiedlich bearbeiteten Oberfläche der Matrize, sichtbar. Die Herstellung eines solchen Prägewerkzeuges ist ein aufwendiger Prozess. Außerdem werden die Prägewerkzeuge meist in Kurztaktpressen verwendet, bei denen der Wechsel von einem Prägewerkzeug zum anderen längere Zeit dauert, zumindest ca. 15 - 30 min.The DE 10 2007 055 053 A1 discloses a method for processing a structured surface of an embossing tool ("die"), wherein the degree of gloss of a first coating differs from that of a second coating, for example by Wood pores better to understand. When subsequently using such an embossing tool to produce a finished product, e.g. a floor panel, consisting of an HDF core board and a printed, melamine-impregnated paper as a decorative layer, after the pressing with the embossing tool at an optical viewing angle of less than 45 degrees in Backlit, the wood pores printed decoratively in the paper are also visible through differences in the gloss level of the hardened melamine surface, molded from the differently processed surface of the die. The production of such an embossing tool is a complex process. In addition, the embossing tools are mostly used in short-cycle presses in which the change from one embossing tool to the other takes a long time, at least about 15-30 minutes.

Schließlich offenbart die WO 2010 / 079 014 A2 ein Bauelement aus Holzwerkstoff mit aufgedrucktem Dekor und unterschiedlichem Glanzgrad.Finally, the WO 2010/079 014 A2 a component made of wood-based materials with printed decor and different degrees of gloss.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine optisch und haptisch ansprechende Oberfläche mit einer optimierten Strukturierung zu erzeugen. Weiterhin soll es möglich sein, optische und haptische Eigenschaften an einer Oberfläche räumlich passend anzuordnen, also z.B. eine glänzende Pore auch räumlich genau über der optisch gedruckten Holzpore anordnen zu können.It is therefore the object of the present invention to produce an optically and haptically appealing surface with an optimized structuring. Furthermore, it should be possible to arrange optical and haptic properties on a surface in a spatially suitable manner, e.g. to be able to arrange a shiny pore spatially exactly above the optically printed wooden pore.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved with the features of the independent claims. Advantageous further developments are the subject of the subclaims.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird zunächst ein Werkstück, beispielsweise eine Platte aus einem Holzwerkstoff, zu einer Beschichtungsstation zugeführt, um dann an einer Oberfläche vollflächig einen ersten flüssigen Lack mit einer groben Strukturierung aufzutragen, bei der ein Dickenunterschied zwischen dickeren Bereichen und dünneren Bereichen mindestens 50 µm, insbesondere mindestens 100 µm, beispielsweise zwischen 150 µm und 400 µm beträgt.In the method according to the invention, a workpiece, for example a panel made of a wood-based material, is first fed to a coating station, in order to then apply a first liquid varnish with a coarse structure to a surface, in which a difference in thickness between thicker and thinner areas is at least 50 μm , in particular at least 100 microns, for example between 150 microns and 400 microns.

Vorzugsweise wird die erste Lackschicht mit grober Strukturierung dann mindestens teilweise ausgehärtet.The first lacquer layer with a coarse structure is then at least partially cured.

Vorzugsweise kann dann auf diese erste Lackschicht ein Dekorbild durch einen mehrfarbigen Druck aufgedruckt werden, wobei optional das Dekorbild auch schon vor der ersten Lackschicht aufgedruckt werden kann, wobei dann der erste Lack zumindest teilweise transparent ist, damit das Dekorbild sichtbar bleibt. Alternativ kann das Werkstück auch zu Beginn mit einem Dekorbild versehen sein.A decorative image can then preferably be printed on this first lacquer layer by means of multicolored printing, it optionally being possible for the decorative image to be printed even before the first lacquer layer, the first lacquer then being at least partially transparent so that the decorative image remains visible. Alternatively, the workpiece can also be provided with a decorative image at the beginning.

Auf die Lackschicht mit grober Strukturierung und beispielsweise sichtbarem Dekorbild wird nun erfindungsgemäß ein zweiter flüssiger, zumindest teilweise transparenter Lack zum bereichsweisen Erzeugen einer feinen Strukturierung aufgebracht.According to the invention, a second liquid, at least partially transparent lacquer is now applied to the lacquer layer with coarse structuring and, for example, a visible decorative image, in order to produce a fine structuring in regions.

Vorzugsweise wird dieser zweite Lack dann ausgehärtet, wobei der Dickenunterschied im Bereich der feinen Strukturierung an der zweiten Lackschicht kleiner 50 µm, insbesondere kleiner 30 µm, beispielsweise zwischen 5 µm und 25 µm, ist.This second lacquer is then preferably cured, the difference in thickness in the area of fine structuring of the second lacquer layer being less than 50 μm, in particular less than 30 μm, for example between 5 μm and 25 μm.

Dadurch ist ein sichtbares Dekorbild mit mindestens zwei Lackschichten beschichtet, die eine unterschiedliche Strukturierung an der Oberfläche erzeugen, eine grobe Strukturierung mit größeren Dickenunterschieden und eine feine Strukturierung mit kleineren Dickenunterschieden. Dadurch wird die Oberfläche optisch und haptisch weniger gleichförmig.As a result, a visible decorative image is coated with at least two layers of lacquer, which produce a different structure on the surface, a rough structure with larger differences in thickness and a fine structure with smaller differences in thickness. This makes the surface less uniform in appearance and feel.

Vorzugsweise ist der Glanzgrad im Bereich der feinen Strukturierung um mindestens 10 Glanzeinheiten unterschiedlich als im Bereich der groben Strukturierung. Der Glanzgrad der ersten Lackschicht kann dabei vorzugsweise mindestens 20 Glanzeinheiten von dem Glanzgrad der zweiten Lackschicht abweichen, wobei die Glanzeinheiten nach DIN EN ISO 2813:2015-02 bei einem Winkel von 60° gemessen werden. Dadurch wird ein optisch deutlich wahrnehmbarer Glanzeffekt erkennbar. Das Einstellen des Glanzgrades kann beim Aufdrucken durch die Tröpfchengröße und/oder die Tröpfchenanzahl pro Fläche oder durch den Einsatz von Mattierungsmitteln variiert werden.The degree of gloss in the area of fine structuring is preferably different by at least 10 gloss units than in the area of coarse structuring. The degree of gloss of the first lacquer layer can preferably deviate at least 20 gloss units from the gloss degree of the second lacquer layer, the gloss units being measured according to DIN EN ISO 2813: 2015-02 at an angle of 60 °. This makes an optically clearly perceptible gloss effect recognizable. The setting of the degree of gloss can be varied during printing by the droplet size and / or the number of droplets per surface or by the use of matting agents.

Die Glanzmessung erfolgt nach DIN EN ISO 2813:2015-02. Für die Glanzmessung wird die Lichtmenge, die eine Oberfläche im Verhältnis zu einem Referenzstandard aus poliertem Glas reflektiert, gemessen. Die dabei verwendete Maßeinheit ist GU (Gloss Units bzw. Glanzeinheiten). Die an der Oberfläche reflektierte Lichtmenge ist abhängig vom Einfallswinkel und den Eigenschaften der Oberfläche. Bei der Glanzmessung können unterschiedliche Einfallswinkel (20°, 60° und 85°) verwendet werden, um den Reflexionsgrad zu erfassen, wobei vorzugsweise mit dem Einfallswinkel von 60° gemessen wird. Alternativ kann auch der Mittelwert von Messungen zu den drei Einfallswinkeln verwendet werden. Der Reflexionsgrad vergleicht die von einem Glanzmessgerät abgestrahlte und empfangene Lichtenergie in Prozent bei einem bestimmten Einfallswinkel.The gloss measurement is carried out in accordance with DIN EN ISO 2813: 2015-02. The amount of light that a surface has in relation to a reference standard is used for gloss measurement reflected from polished glass, measured. The unit of measurement used is GU (Gloss Units). The amount of light reflected on the surface depends on the angle of incidence and the properties of the surface. When measuring gloss, different angles of incidence (20 °, 60 ° and 85 °) can be used to determine the degree of reflection, preferably measuring with the angle of incidence of 60 °. Alternatively, the mean value of measurements at the three angles of incidence can also be used. The reflectance compares the light energy emitted and received by a gloss meter in percent at a certain angle of incidence.

Alle Oberflächen oder Abschnitte von Oberflächen, die nach der Norm bei der Messung mit einem Glanzgradmessgerät weniger als 20 Glanzeinheiten erzielen, werden als "matt" definiert, und alle Oberflächen oder Abschnitte von Oberflächen, die mehr als 60 Glanzeinheiten erzielen, werden als "glänzend" bezeichnet. Eine der beiden Lackschichten kann matt und die andere glänzend ausgebildet sein.All surfaces or sections of surfaces that achieve less than 20 gloss units when measured with a gloss level meter are defined as "matte" and all surfaces or sections of surfaces that achieve more than 60 gloss units are defined as "glossy" designated. One of the two layers of paint can be matt and the other glossy.

Für eine feine Einstellung des Glanzgrades werden die Tröpfchen der zweiten Lackschicht mit einer Tröpfchengröße vorzugsweise kleiner als 100 pL, insbesondere kleiner als 10 pL, aufgespritzt. Dabei können optional an der zweiten Lackschicht ebenfalls unterschiedliche Glanzgrade eingestellt werden, so dass auch innerhalb der zweiten Lackschicht Glanzunterschiede vorhanden sein können.For a fine adjustment of the degree of gloss, the droplets of the second lacquer layer are sprayed on with a droplet size preferably less than 100 pL, in particular less than 10 pL. Different gloss levels can optionally also be set on the second lacquer layer, so that there may also be gloss differences within the second lacquer layer.

Der Auftrag des ersten Lackes erfolgt vorzugsweise mit mindestens einer Druckwalze, die an einer Oberfläche des Werkstückes abrollt. Die Druckwalze kann beispielsweise graviert sein und ein elastisches Material an einer äußeren Oberfläche oder einem inneren Ring aufweisen. Dann kann die gravierte Walze unmittelbar an der Oberfläche des Werkstückes abrollen. Alternativ kann ein Auftrag des ersten Lackes über mindestens zwei Walzen erfolgen, wobei von einer ersten Walze der erste Lack auf eine zweite Auftragswalze übertragen wird, die dann den ersten Lack auf die Oberfläche des Werkstückes überträgt.The first lacquer is preferably applied with at least one pressure roller which rolls on a surface of the workpiece. The pressure roller can, for example, be engraved and have an elastic material on an outer surface or an inner ring. Then the engraved roller can roll directly on the surface of the workpiece. Alternatively, the first paint can be applied via at least two rollers, the first paint being transferred from a first roller to a second application roller, which then transfers the first paint onto the surface of the workpiece.

Der Auftrag des zweiten Lackes zur Erzeugung der feinen Strukturierung erfolgt vorzugsweise durch mindestens einen digitalen Druckkopf. Dadurch kann besonders genau ein optischer Bereich eines Dekorbildes an seine haptischen Eigenschaften räumlich passend angeordnet werden. Beispielsweise kann über die feine Strukturierung eine leichte Holzmaserung nachempfunden werden, die deckungsgleich zu einer Holzmaserung des Dekorbildes angeordnet ist.The second lacquer for producing the fine structuring is preferably applied by at least one digital print head. As a result, an optical area of a decorative image can be arranged in a spatially appropriate manner in terms of its haptic properties. For example, a fine wood grain, which is arranged congruently with a wood grain of the decorative picture, can be reproduced via the fine structuring.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Auftrag des zweiten Lackes auch nach dem Auftrag eines zunächst flüssigen Lackes erfolgen, wobei dann Lacktröpfchen der zweiten Lackschicht in das noch flüssige Material zur Erzeugung einer feinen Strukturierung aufgespritzt werden. Dabei können die Lacktröpfchen aus dem gleichen Material wie die flüssige Schicht bestehen. Das Aufbringen einer Vielzahl von Lacktröpfchen in die noch flüssige Lackschicht mit digitalen Druckköpfen erfolgt beispielsweise mit Lacktröpfchen mit einem Volumen von weniger als 10 pL, die mit einer Geschwindigkeit größer als 1 m/sec auf den noch flüssigen Lack aufgespritzt werden.As an alternative or in addition, the application of the second lacquer can also take place after the application of an initially liquid lacquer, in which case lacquer droplets of the second lacquer layer are then sprayed into the still liquid material to produce a fine structuring. The paint droplets can consist of the same material as the liquid layer. A large number of paint droplets are applied to the still liquid paint layer with digital print heads, for example using paint droplets with a volume of less than 10 pL, which are sprayed onto the still liquid paint at a speed greater than 1 m / sec.

In einer alternativen Ausgestaltung bestehen die Lacktröpfchen aus einem anderen Material als der flüssige Lack, die nach dem Auftreffen eine chemische Reaktion mit dem flüssigen Lack eingehen, der die Oberfläche an den Stellen optisch und/oder haptisch verändert. Der flüssige Lack kann statt einer chemischen Reaktion auch eine physikalische Reaktion durch das Auftreffen auf den flüssigen Lack bewirken, wobei sich die aufgespritzten Tröpfchen innerhalb von weniger als 5 Minuten durch Verdunsten verflüchtigen.In an alternative embodiment, the paint droplets consist of a different material than the liquid paint, which, after striking, undergo a chemical reaction with the liquid paint, which changes the surface optically and / or haptically at the points. Instead of a chemical reaction, the liquid lacquer can also cause a physical reaction by hitting the liquid lacquer, the sprayed droplets evaporating within less than 5 minutes due to evaporation.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird vorzugsweise bei plattenförmigen Werkstücken, insbesondere aus einem Holzwerkstoff eingesetzt. Es ist aber auch möglich, in einer alternativen Ausführungsform an Stelle eines plattenförmigen Werkstückes eine Rollenware zu beschichten. Dabei kann es sich beispielsweise um dekorativ bedrucktes Papier oder eine Kunststofffolie, beispielsweise aus ABS, PP, PE oder ähnliche Materialien handeln. Das Papier kann ein Flächengewicht zwischen 20 g/m2 und 300 g/m2 haben. Die Kunststofffolien können eine Dicke von 0,05 mm bis zu 5 mm haben. Bei der Rollenware kann es sich beispielsweise um Kantenbänder handeln, die an Stirnseiten von plattenförmigen Werkstücken bei der Möbelplattenherstellung fixiert werden.The method according to the invention is preferably used for plate-shaped workpieces, in particular made of a wood material. However, in an alternative embodiment it is also possible to coat a roll product instead of a plate-shaped workpiece. This can be, for example, decoratively printed paper or a plastic film, for example made of ABS, PP, PE or similar materials. The paper can have a basis weight between 20 g / m 2 and 300 g / m 2 . The plastic films can have a thickness of 0.05 mm to 5 mm. The rolled goods can, for example, be edgebands that be fixed to the end faces of plate-shaped workpieces in the manufacture of furniture panels.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen im Detail anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert. Sie zeigen:

Figur 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens hergestellten, plattenförmigen Werkstückes im Querschnitt,
Figur 2
eine weitere schematische Darstellung eines mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens hergestellten, plattenförmigen Werkstückes mit einer angedeuteten Holzpore in der Draufsicht,
Figur 3
eine Oberfläche eines bedruckten Werkstückes, und
Figur 4
eine Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Werkstückes mit mehreren Schichten.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached figures. They show:
Figure 1
1 shows a schematic representation of a plate-shaped workpiece produced with the aid of the method according to the invention in cross section,
Figure 2
1 shows a further schematic illustration of a plate-shaped workpiece produced with the aid of the method according to the invention with an indicated wooden pore in a top view,
Figure 3
a surface of a printed workpiece, and
Figure 4
a view of a workpiece according to the invention with several layers.

In Figur 1 ist ein plattenförmiges Werkstück 1.0 gezeigt, an dem an einer Oberfläche eine optionale erste Grundschicht 1.1 aufgebracht ist. Außerdem ist optional auf dem Werkstück 1.0 bereits vor dem Auftrag der ersten Grundschicht 1.1 ein Dekorbild aufgedruckt, z.B. eine Holznachbildung oder eine Fliesendarstellung. In einer alternativen Ausführungsform kann auch nach dem Auftrag der ersten Grundschicht 1.1 oder nach dem Auftrag einer strukturieren zweiten Grundschicht 1.2 ein Dekorbild aufgedruckt werden, beispielsweise unter Nutzung eines 4-farbigen Digitaldruckers. Auf die erste Grundschicht 1.1. ist eine zweite flüssige Grundschicht 1.2 aufgebracht. Diese zweite Grundschicht 1.2 ist durch digital aufgespritzte Tröpfchen 1.3 strukturiert worden, so dass die Oberfläche nicht mehr eben ist, sondern eine Struktur aufweist und eine erste Lackschicht mit einer groben Strukturierung ausbildet. Anschließend wird eine weitere Lackschicht 1.4 aufgebracht, die einen ersten Glanzgrad aufweist. Auf die erste Lackschicht 1.4 wird dann eine zweite Lackschicht 1.5 über Digitaldruckköpfe zur Erzeugung einer feinen Strukturierung aufgebracht, wobei die zweite Lackschicht 1.5 die Oberfläche der ersten Lackschicht 1.4 nur teilweise bedeckt. Die Lackschichten 1.4 und 1.5 werden nacheinander oder gemeinsam ausgehärtet, beispielsweise über UV-Strahlung. Die zweite Lackschicht 1.5 hat nach der Aushärtung einen anderen Glanzgrad als die erste Lackschicht.In Figure 1 A plate-shaped workpiece 1.0 is shown, on which an optional first base layer 1.1 is applied to a surface. In addition, a decorative image, for example a wood reproduction or a tile representation, is optionally printed on the workpiece 1.0 before the first base layer 1.1 is applied. In an alternative embodiment, a decorative image can also be printed on after the application of the first base layer 1.1 or after the application of a structured second base layer 1.2, for example using a 4-color digital printer. On the first base layer 1.1. a second liquid base layer 1.2 is applied. This second base layer 1.2 has been structured by digitally sprayed-on droplets 1.3, so that the surface is no longer flat, but has a structure and forms a first lacquer layer with a rough structure. A further lacquer layer 1.4 is then applied, which has a first degree of gloss. A second lacquer layer 1.5 is then applied to the first lacquer layer 1.4 via digital print heads applied to produce a fine structuring, the second lacquer layer 1.5 only partially covering the surface of the first lacquer layer 1.4. The lacquer layers 1.4 and 1.5 are cured in succession or together, for example using UV radiation. After curing, the second lacquer layer 1.5 has a different degree of gloss than the first lacquer layer.

Statt der Strukturierung der zweiten Grundschicht 1.2 durch digital aufgespritzte Tröpfchen ist es auch möglich, eine Grundschicht durch andere Verfahren zu strukturieren, beispielsweise über nur bereichsweisen Auftrag oder Prägematrizen. Zudem ist es möglich, das Dekorbild statt auf einer ebenen Oberfläche auch auf eine strukturierte Oberfläche aufzutragen.Instead of structuring the second base layer 1.2 by means of digitally sprayed-on droplets, it is also possible to structure a base layer by other methods, for example using only area-wise application or embossing dies. It is also possible to apply the decor image to a structured surface instead of a flat surface.

In Figur 2 ist eine Draufsicht auf das plattenförmige Werkstück 1.0 der Figur 1 gezeigt und es ist erkennbar, dass das Dekorbild eine Holzpore 2.5 und gemaserte Holzbereiche 2.4 umfasst. Die unterschiedlichen Bereiche der Holzpore 2.5 und der gemaserten Holzbereiche 2.4 können durch die zweite Lacksicht 1.5 auch einen unterschiedlichen Glanzgrad aufweisen, wobei die Dekorbereiche des Bildes und die unterschiedlichen Glanzbereiche durch den Lackauftrag vorzugsweise deckungsgleich sind.In Figure 2 is a plan view of the plate-shaped workpiece 1.0 of the Figure 1 shown and it can be seen that the decorative image comprises a wood pore 2.5 and grained wood areas 2.4. The different areas of the wood pore 2.5 and the grained wood areas 2.4 can also have a different degree of gloss due to the second lacquer view 1.5, the decorative areas of the image and the different gloss areas due to the lacquer application preferably being congruent.

In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel wird auf eine Trägerplatte aus einem Holzwerkstoff oder eine Platte aus einem anderen Werkstoff mit einer Dicke von mindestens 4 mm, vorzugsweise 8 bis 16 mm und äußeren Abmessungen von mindestens 200 mm Breite und mindestens 400 mm Länge zunächst mit einem UV-härtenden, weißen Grundlack beschichtet, beispielsweise mit einer Menge von etwa 20 g/qm. Dieser weiße Grundlack wird anschließend unter UV-Bestrahlung ausgehärtet.In a further exemplary embodiment, a carrier plate made of a wood-based material or a plate made of another material with a thickness of at least 4 mm, preferably 8 to 16 mm and external dimensions of at least 200 mm width and at least 400 mm length is initially coated with a UV-curing agent , white base coat coated, for example with an amount of about 20 g / sqm. This white base coat is then cured under UV radiation.

Anschließend wird die Trägerplatte einer digitalen Druckvorrichtung zugeführt, in der ein Druckbild, beispielsweise eine Nachbildung von kleinen Fliesen als Mosaik, einem Holzdekor oder einem anderen Muster, mit einem 4-Farbendruck als CMYK aufgebracht wird.The carrier plate is then fed to a digital printing device, in which a printed image, for example a replica of small tiles as a mosaic, a wood decor or another pattern, is applied using 4-color printing as CMYK.

In Figur 3 ist beispielhaft für ein Druckbild ein Muster mit zwei verschiedenfarbigen Mosaikfliesen gezeigt, das auf ein plattenförmiges Werkstück 3.0 gedruckt ist, wobei helle Mosaikfliesen 3.1 und dunklere Mosaikfliesen 3.2 vorgesehen sind. In einer alternativen Ausführungsform können auch eine Vielzahl anderer Farben von Fliesen oder Mosaiken mit bildhaften Darstellungen verwendet werden.In Figure 3 As an example, a pattern with two differently colored mosaic tiles is shown for a printed image, which is printed on a plate-shaped workpiece 3.0, light mosaic tiles 3.1 and darker mosaic tiles 3.2 being provided. In an alternative embodiment, a variety of other colors of tiles or mosaics with pictorial representations can be used.

Anschließend wird auf das so bedruckte Werkstück 3.0 eine dünne Grundlackschicht von 5-15 g/qm eines ebenfalls UV-härtenden Lackes aufgetragen und (teilweise) mit UV-Licht ausgehärtet. In einer alternativen Ausführungsform kann diese Grundlackschicht auch komplett entfallen oder durch einen Lösemittellack oder einen wässrigen Acrylatlack ersetzt werden, der anschließend physikalisch getrocknet wird.Subsequently, a thin base coat layer of 5-15 g / sqm of a likewise UV-curing lacquer is applied to the workpiece 3.0 printed in this way and (partially) cured with UV light. In an alternative embodiment, this base lacquer layer can also be omitted completely or replaced by a solvent lacquer or an aqueous acrylate lacquer, which is then physically dried.

Auf die erste Grundlackschicht oder alternativ direkt auf das gedruckte Bild wird anschließend eine Grundlackschicht 1.2 als eine strahlenhärtende Lackschicht mit grober Strukturierung, vorzugsweise auf Acrylatbasis aufgebracht, in einer Schichtstärke von 100 - 500 µm. Die Grundlackschicht 1.2 kann durch Digitaldruckköpfe oder durch Druckwalzen oder andere Verfahren aufgebracht werden. Direkt nach dem Aufbringen dieser zweiten Grundlackschicht 1.2 wird vor dem Aushärten in die noch flüssige Schicht optional mittels einer digitalen Druckvorlage mit Digitaldruckköpfen eine zweite, transparente Lackschicht 1.3 gedruckt. Bei dem Auftragen dieser Lackschicht 1.3 kann die Tröpfchengröße zwischen 1 pL und 100 pL variieren. Als digitale Druckvorlage wird diejenige verwendet, die auch zu dem Druck des oben beschriebenen Fliesenmosaiks genutzt wurde. Diese Druckvorlage wird vorher elektronisch so abgewandelt, dass nur in die Zwischenräume 3.3 der Mosaikfliesen 3.1 und 3.2 gedruckt wird. Anschließend wird die strahlenhärtende Grundlackschicht 1.2 zusammen mit der Lackschicht 1.3 mit einer UV-Lampe ausgehärtet. In einer alternativen Ausführungsform kann die Aushärtung auch mittels Elektronenstrahlung erfolgen.A base lacquer layer 1.2 is then applied to the first base lacquer layer or alternatively directly to the printed image as a radiation-hardening lacquer layer with a coarse structure, preferably based on acrylate, in a layer thickness of 100-500 μm. The base lacquer layer 1.2 can be applied by digital print heads or by pressure rollers or other processes. Immediately after this second base lacquer layer 1.2 has been applied, a second, transparent lacquer layer 1.3 is optionally printed by means of a digital print template with digital print heads before curing into the still liquid layer. When this lacquer layer 1.3 is applied, the droplet size can vary between 1 pL and 100 pL. The digital print template used is the one that was also used to print the tile mosaic described above. This template is previously electronically modified so that only the spaces 3.3 of the mosaic tiles 3.1 and 3.2 are printed. The radiation-curing base lacquer layer 1.2 is then cured together with the lacquer layer 1.3 using a UV lamp. In an alternative embodiment, curing can also take place by means of electron radiation.

Im Ergebnis erhält man eine mit einem Fliesenmosaik bedruckte Trägerplatte, in der die Zwischenräume 3.3 als Fugen zwischen den Mosaikfliesen 3.1 und 3.2 um 10 - 60 µm vertieft sind.The result is a support plate printed with a tile mosaic, in which the interspaces 3.3 are deepened by 10 - 60 µm as joints between the mosaic tiles 3.1 and 3.2.

Anschließend wird der Glanzgrad von zumindest Teilen der gesamten Oberfläche durch den mindestens teilweisen Auftrag einer zweiten Lackschicht 1.4 mit anschließender Trocknung auf den gewünschten Wert eingestellt, wobei der Glanzgrad der ersten Lackschicht 1.3 von dem Glanzgrad der zweiten Lackschicht abweicht.The degree of gloss of at least parts of the entire surface is then adjusted to the desired value by the at least partial application of a second lacquer layer 1.4 with subsequent drying, the degree of gloss of the first lacquer layer 1.3 deviating from the degree of gloss of the second lacquer layer.

In einer alternativen Ausführungsform kann außerdem der zusätzliche Auftrag einer dritten Lackschicht 1.5 vor oder nach dem Aushärten der zweiten Lackschicht 1.4 durchgeführt werden, wobei die dritte Lackschicht 1.5 ebenfalls durch eine Vielzahl von auf die Oberfläche abgegebenen Tröpfchen mit einer Größe von 3 - 100 pL besteht. Mit dieser dritten Lackschicht kann sowohl der Glanzgrad in Teilbereichen nochmals verändert werden als auch die Oberflächenstrukturtiefe der noch nicht ausgehärteten Lackschicht 1.4 beeinflusst werden.In an alternative embodiment, the additional application of a third lacquer layer 1.5 can also be carried out before or after the hardening of the second lacquer layer 1.4, the third lacquer layer 1.5 also consisting of a large number of droplets with a size of 3-100 pL released onto the surface. With this third lacquer layer, both the degree of gloss in partial areas can be changed again and the surface structure depth of the not yet hardened lacquer layer 1.4 can be influenced.

Die Lackschichten 1.4 und 1.5 können auch komplett entfallen, wenn gleichzeitig mit der zur Strukturierung aufgebrachten zweiten Grundlackschicht 1.2 auch der Glanzgrad durch Aufbringen der ersten Lackschicht 1.3 verändert wird.The lacquer layers 1.4 and 1.5 can also be omitted completely if, at the same time as the second base lacquer layer 1.2 applied for structuring, the degree of gloss is also changed by applying the first lacquer layer 1.3.

Die Oberfläche der Mosaikfliesen 3.1 und 3.2 hat nun einen Wert von beispielsweise 60 - 90 Glanzeinheiten, während der Glanzgrad an den Zwischenräumen 3.3 beispielsweise nur 20 bis 40 Glanzeinheiten beträgt.The surface of the mosaic tiles 3.1 and 3.2 now has a value of, for example, 60-90 gloss units, while the degree of gloss at the spaces 3.3 is, for example, only 20 to 40 gloss units.

Optional kann der Glanzgrad an den Zwischenräumen 3.3 auch durch eine weitere Lackschicht abgesenkt werden, die abschließend durch eine weitere digitale Druckeinrichtung mit einem transparenten, UV-härtenden Lack in die abgesenkten Zwischenräume gedruckt wird. Dann werden mehr als nur zwei Lackschichten zur Einstellung des Glanzgrades aufgebracht.Optionally, the degree of gloss at the gaps 3.3 can also be reduced by a further layer of lacquer, which is then printed by a further digital printing device with a transparent, UV-curing lacquer in the lowered gaps. Then more than just two layers of lacquer are applied to adjust the degree of gloss.

Zum Aufdrucken einer eher matteren Lackschicht werden Tröpfchengrößen von 3-6 pL verwendet, die innerhalb von 0,5 - 2 sec. nach dem Auftreffen auf der Oberfläche mittels UV-LED Strahlung soweit angehärtet werden, dass sie nicht mehr verfließen können. Dadurch entsteht in diesen Bereichen eine Oberflächenstruktur, die das auftreffende Licht nicht mehr gerade reflektiert. Der Glanzgrad ist damit auf Werte von 30 Glanzeinheiten und weniger abgesenkt.Droplet sizes of 3-6 pL are used to print a rather matt lacquer layer, which are cured within 0.5 - 2 seconds after hitting the surface with UV-LED radiation to such an extent that they can no longer flow. This creates a surface structure in these areas incident light is no longer reflected. The degree of gloss is thus reduced to values of 30 gloss units and less.

Die zweite Lackschicht kann bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wahlweise einen höheren oder niedrigeren Glanzgrad als die erste Lackschicht besitzen. Das Einstellen des Glanzgrades kann beispielsweise über folgende Verfahren erfolgen:In the method according to the invention, the second lacquer layer can optionally have a higher or lower degree of gloss than the first lacquer layer. The degree of gloss can be set using the following methods, for example:

Variante 1:Version 1:

Matte Bereiche durch die erste Lackschicht bestehen aus vorher (analog oder digital) aufgetragenem mattem Lack, beispielsweise mit Mattierungsmitteln oder durch eine Excimer-Mattierung. Glänzende Bereiche der zweiten Lackschicht bestehen aus durch digitale Druckköpfe aufgetragenem Lack, der aus einer Vielzahl von einzelnen Tröpfchen gebildet wird, was eine abschnittsweise sehr glatte Oberfläche und damit einen hohen Glanzgrad ergibt. Dabei haben die Tröpfchen eine Größe von mindestens 6 pL, und die Aushärtung erfolgt erst nach einer Verlaufsphase von mindestens 1 sec, bevorzugt erst nach mehr als 5 sec.Matt areas through the first layer of lacquer consist of previously applied (analog or digital) matt lacquer, for example with matting agents or by excimer matting. Glossy areas of the second lacquer layer consist of lacquer applied by digital printheads, which is formed from a large number of individual droplets, which results in a section which is very smooth in sections and thus a high degree of gloss. The droplets have a size of at least 6 pL, and curing takes place only after a development phase of at least 1 sec, preferably only after more than 5 sec.

Variante 2:Variant 2:

Die glänzenden Bereiche der ersten Lackschicht bestehen aus vorher (analog oder digital) aufgetragenem glänzenden Lack, matte Bereiche der zweiten Lackschicht bestehen aus digital aufgetragenem Lack aus einer Vielzahl kleinster Tröpfchen mit einer Tröpfchengröße von kleiner als 8 pL, bevorzugt kleiner als 3 pL, welche innerhalb von weniger als 3 sec nach dem Auftragen, bevorzugt weniger als 1 sec nach dem Auftrag, mindestens teilweise ausgehärtet werden.The glossy areas of the first lacquer layer consist of previously applied (analog or digital) glossy lacquer, matt areas of the second lacquer layer consist of digitally applied lacquer from a multitude of tiny droplets with a droplet size of less than 8 pL, preferably less than 3 pL, which are within less than 3 seconds after application, preferably less than 1 second after application, are at least partially cured.

Die Aushärtung erfolgt bei beiden Varianten bevorzugt durch eine UV-LED Lampe, die in Durchlaufrichtung innerhalb von weniger als 100 mm nach den Digitaldruckköpfen angeordnet ist, welche die Vielzahl der Tröpfchen auf die Oberfläche auftragen.In both variants, curing is preferably carried out by means of a UV-LED lamp which is arranged in the direction of passage within less than 100 mm after the digital printheads which apply the large number of droplets to the surface.

Für die Herstellung einer matten Lackschicht können dem Lack Mattierungsmittel zugesetzt werden, beispielsweise PE-Wachse oder Kieselsäuren. Der Anteil der Mattierungsmittel an dem Lack kann zwischen 2% bis 6%, insbesondere 3% bis 5% (Gewichtsprozent) liegen.Matting agents, for example PE waxes or silicas, can be added to the lacquer to produce a matt lacquer layer. The proportion of matting agents in the paint can be between 2% to 6%, in particular 3% to 5% (weight percent).

Die unterschiedlichen Ausführungsbeispiele der Figuren 1 und 3 können im Hinblick auf den Auftrag und die Strukturierung einer Schicht beliebig miteinander kombiniert werden. Auch die Anzahl der Schichten auf dem Werkstück ist frei wählbar, je nachdem, welche Oberflächenstruktur mit dem Verfahren erzeugt werden soll.The different embodiments of the Figures 1 and 3 can be combined with one another with regard to the application and structuring of a layer. The number of layers on the workpiece can also be freely selected, depending on which surface structure is to be created with the method.

In alternativen Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens können die verwendeten Lacke an Stelle von acrylat-haltigen, UV-härtenden Lacken durch wässrige oder lösemittelhaltige Lacke ersetzt werden. In diesem Fall werden die Schritte zur UV-Trocknung mittels UV-LED oder UV-Bogenlampe durch jeweils eine physikalische Trocknung mittels Heißluft oder IR-Strahlern oder einer Kombination von beiden ersetzt.In alternative embodiments of the process according to the invention, the lacquers used can be replaced by aqueous or solvent-based lacquers instead of acrylate-containing, UV-hardening lacquers. In this case, the steps for UV drying using UV LEDs or UV arc lamps are replaced by physical drying using hot air or IR radiators or a combination of both.

In Figur 4 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines beschichteten plattenförmigen Werkstückes 4.1 gezeigt.In Figure 4 Another embodiment of a coated plate-shaped workpiece 4.1 is shown.

Ein Werkstück 4.1, beispielsweise eine Platte aus einem Holzwerkstoff mit einer Breite von 200 bis 2000 mm und einer Länge zwischen 500 und 3000 mm sowie einer Dicke zwischen 8 mm und 18 mm wird einer Beschichtungsstation zugeführt. Das Werkstück 4.1 ist bereits mit einem Dekorbild, wie einer Holznachbildung, z.B. einem Eiche-Dekor, bedruckt.A workpiece 4.1, for example a plate made of a wood material with a width of 200 to 2000 mm and a length between 500 and 3000 mm and a thickness between 8 mm and 18 mm, is fed to a coating station. The workpiece 4.1 is already with a decorative image, such as a wood replica, e.g. an oak decor, printed.

In der Beschichtungsstation wird optional eine glatte Zwischenlackschicht 4.2, wie ein Haftgrund oder Primer aufgebracht. Anschließend wird mittels einer lasergravierten Gummiwalze eine strahlenhärtende, transparente erste Lackschicht 4.3 von 100 bis 200 g/m2 auf das Werkstück 4.1 aufgetragen, wobei durch die Gravur in der Gummiwalze die Struktur einer groben Holzpore auf der Oberfläche entsteht. Die Höhenunterschiede zwischen den "Porentälern" und den Erhöhungen, also die Dickenunterschiede der ersten Lackschicht 4.3, betragen zwischen 150 µm und 300 µm (Mikrometer) und bilden eine grobe Strukturierung aus. Anschließend wird der aufgetragene Lack mit einer UV-Lampe ausgehärtet. In einer alternativen Ausführungsform kann nach dem Aushärten ein dekoratives Bild 4.4 mit Hilfe eines Digitaldruckers mit einem 4-Farbendruck auf die so strukturierte Fläche aufgedruckt werden, wenn vor der Beschichtung noch kein Bild auf dem Werkstück war. In diesem Fall kann die Lackschicht 4.3 auch eingefärbt sein, beispielsweise weiß.A smooth intermediate lacquer layer 4.2, such as a primer or primer, is optionally applied in the coating station. A radiation-curing, transparent first lacquer layer 4.3 of 100 to 200 g / m 2 is then applied to the workpiece 4.1 by means of a laser-engraved rubber roller, the structure of a coarse wood pore being created on the surface by the engraving in the rubber roller. The height differences between the "pore valleys" and the elevations, ie the thickness differences of the first lacquer layer 4.3, are between 150 µm and 300 µm (micrometers) and form a rough structure. The applied varnish is then cured with a UV lamp. In an alternative embodiment, after curing, a decorative image 4.4 can be printed on the surface structured in this way using a digital printer with a 4-color print if there was no image on the workpiece before the coating. In this case, the lacquer layer 4.3 can also be colored, for example white.

Auf die jetzt ausgehärtete Lackschicht 4.3 mit oder ohne der farbigen Dekordruckschicht 4.4 wird in einer weiteren Beschichtungsstation mittels einer glatten Gummiwalze eine weitere flüssige Lackschicht 4.5 aufgetragen. Anschließend wird das Werkstück einer digitalen Druckstation 4.6 zugeführt, wo in die noch flüssige Lackschicht 4.5 nach einer digitalen Bildvorlage eine Vielzahl von Tröpfchen 4.7 aufgebracht wird, die die noch flüssige Lackschicht 4.5 mit einer feinen Strukturierung versehen. Dabei ist die digitale Bildvorlage auf das vorher aufgedruckte Dekorbild, beispielsweise Eiche rustikal, so abgestimmt, dass die optisch erkennbaren Bildbestandteile, wie ein Astloch, oder ein schwarz gedruckter Riss im Holz, genau räumlich übereinstimmen mit der in die flüssige Pore gedruckten Struktur. Damit kann der Endnutzer das optisch gedruckte Astloch auch fühlen. Gleichzeitig liegt über allem aber auch noch die sehr tiefe und grobe Struktur aus der Lackschicht 4.3, die den rustikalen Charakter der Eichennachbildung hervorhebt.Another liquid lacquer layer 4.5 is applied to the now hardened lacquer layer 4.3 with or without the colored decorative printing layer 4.4 in a further coating station by means of a smooth rubber roller. The workpiece is then fed to a digital printing station 4.6, where a multitude of droplets 4.7 are applied to the still liquid lacquer layer 4.5 according to a digital image, which provide the still liquid lacquer layer 4.5 with a fine structuring. The digital picture template is matched to the previously printed decor picture, e.g. rustic oak, so that the optically recognizable picture components, such as a knothole, or a black printed crack in the wood, correspond exactly spatially with the structure printed in the liquid pore. The end user can also feel the optically printed knothole. At the same time, the very deep and coarse structure from the lacquer layer 4.3, which emphasizes the rustic character of the oak replica, also lies above everything.

Abschließend erfolgt die Beschreibung bevorzugter Aspekte der Erfindung.Finally, preferred aspects of the invention are described.

Ein erster Aspekt der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dekorativen Werkstückes mit einer strukturierten Oberfläche mit folgenden Schritten:

  1. A Zuführung des Werkstückes zu einer Beschichtungsstation;
  2. B vollflächiger Auftrag eines ersten flüssigen Lackes mit einer groben Strukturierung, bei der ein Dickenunterschied zwischen dickeren Bereichen und dünneren Bereichen mindestens 50 µm, insbesondere mindestens 100 µm beträgt;
  3. C mindestens teilweise Aushärtung des aufgetragenen ersten Lackes;
  4. D Aufbringen eines Dekorbildes durch mehrfarbigen Druck vor Schritt B oder nach Schritt C;
  5. E Aufbringen eines zweiten flüssigen, zumindest teilweise transparenten Lackes zum bereichsweise Erzeugen einer feinen Strukturierung;
  6. F Aushärten des zweiten Lackes, wobei der Dickenunterschied im Bereich der feinen Strukturierung an der zweiten Lackschicht kleiner 50 µm, insbesondere kleiner 30 µm ist.
A first aspect of the invention is a method for producing a decorative workpiece with a structured surface, comprising the following steps:
  1. A feeding the workpiece to a coating station;
  2. B full-area application of a first liquid lacquer with a rough structure, in which a difference in thickness between thicker areas and thinner areas is at least 50 μm, in particular at least 100 μm;
  3. C at least partially curing the applied first lacquer;
  4. D applying a decorative image by multicolor printing before step B or after step C;
  5. E applying a second liquid, at least partially transparent lacquer to produce a fine structure in some areas;
  6. F curing the second lacquer, the difference in thickness in the area of fine structuring of the second lacquer layer being less than 50 μm, in particular less than 30 μm.

Ein zweiter Aspekt des Verfahrens entsprechend des vorhergehenden Absatzes besteht darin, dass der Glanzgrad im Bereich der feinen Strukturierung um mindestens 10 Glanzeinheiten unterschiedlich ist als in der groben Strukturierung.A second aspect of the method according to the preceding paragraph is that the degree of gloss in the area of fine structuring is different by at least 10 gloss units than in the coarse structuring.

Ein dritter Aspekt des Verfahrens entsprechend einem der beiden vorhergehenden Absätze besteht darin, dass der Auftrag des ersten Lackes mit mindestens einer Druckwalze erfolgt, die an einer Oberfläche des Werkstückes abrollt.A third aspect of the method in accordance with one of the two preceding paragraphs is that the application of the first lacquer takes place with at least one pressure roller which rolls on a surface of the workpiece.

Ein vierter Aspekt des Verfahrens entsprechend einem der drei vorhergehenden Absätze besteht darin, dass der Auftrag des zweiten Lackes durch mindestens einen digitalen Druckkopf erfolgt.A fourth aspect of the method according to one of the three preceding paragraphs is that the second lacquer is applied by at least one digital print head.

Ein fünfter Aspekt des Verfahrens entsprechend einem der vier vorhergehenden Absätze besteht darin, dass das Material für den ersten und den zweiten Lack identisch ist.A fifth aspect of the method according to one of the four previous paragraphs is that the material for the first and the second lacquer is identical.

Ein sechster Aspekt des Verfahrens entsprechend einem der fünf vorhergehenden Absätze besteht darin, dass zur Erzeugung der zweiten Lackschicht zunächst ein flüssiger Lack aufgebracht wird und dann Lacktröpfchen der zweiten Lackschicht in das noch flüssige Material zur Erzeugung einer feinen Strukturierung aufgespritzt werden.A sixth aspect of the method according to one of the five preceding paragraphs consists in first applying a liquid lacquer to produce the second lacquer layer and then spraying lacquer droplets of the second lacquer layer into the still liquid material to produce a fine structuring.

Ein siebter Aspekt des Verfahrens entsprechend dem vorhergehenden Absatz besteht darin, dass die Lacktröpfchen aus dem gleichen Material wie die flüssige Schicht bestehen.A seventh aspect of the method according to the previous paragraph is that the paint droplets consist of the same material as the liquid layer.

Ein achter Aspekt des Verfahrens entsprechend einem der beiden vorhergehenden Absätze besteht darin, dass das Aufbringen einer Vielzahl von Lacktröpfchen in die noch flüssige Lackschicht mit digitalen Druckköpfen erfolgt, wobei jedes Lacktröpfchen ein Volumen von weniger als 10 pL hat, und die Geschwindigkeit jedes Lacktröpfchens beim Auftreffen auf die noch flüssige Lackschicht größer als 1 m/sec ist.An eighth aspect of the method according to one of the two preceding paragraphs is that a large number of paint droplets are applied to the still liquid paint layer using digital print heads, each paint droplet having a volume of less than 10 pL, and the speed of each paint droplet when it hits on the still liquid paint layer is greater than 1 m / sec.

Ein neunter Aspekt des Verfahrens entsprechend dem sechsten Aspekt besteht darin, dass die Lacktröpfchen aus einem anderen Material bestehen als der flüssige Lack und nach dem Auftreffen eine chemische Reaktion mit dem flüssigen Lack eingehen, die die Oberfläche an den Stellen optisch und/oder haptisch verändert.A ninth aspect of the method according to the sixth aspect is that the paint droplets are made of a different material than the liquid paint and, after impact, undergo a chemical reaction with the liquid paint that changes the surface at the points optically and / or haptically.

Ein zehnter Aspekt des Verfahrens entsprechend dem sechsten Aspekt besteht darin, dass die Lacktröpfchen aus einem anderen Material bestehen als der flüssige Lack und nach einer physikalischen Reaktion durch das Auftreffen auf den flüssigen Lack sich innerhalb von weniger als 5 Minuten durch Verdunsten verflüchtigen.A tenth aspect of the method according to the sixth aspect is that the paint droplets are made of a different material than the liquid paint and after a physical reaction by striking the liquid paint evaporate within less than 5 minutes by evaporation.

Ein elfter Aspekt des Verfahrens entsprechend einem der vorhergehenden Aspekte besteht darin, dass zwischen dem Werkstück und der ersten Lackschicht noch mindestens ein Auftrag einer Zwischenbeschichtung erfolgt.An eleventh aspect of the method according to one of the preceding aspects consists in that at least one intermediate coating is applied between the workpiece and the first lacquer layer.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung ist eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des zuvor beschriebenen Verfahrens mit:

  • einer Beschichtungsstation A und einer Einrichtung zur Zuführung des Werkstückes zu der Beschichtungsstation;
  • einer ersten Druckstation B zum vollflächigen Auftrag eines ersten flüssigen Lackes auf das Werkstück mit einer groben Strukturierung, bei der ein Dickenunterschied zwischen dickeren Bereichen und dünneren Bereichen mindestens 50 µm, insbesondere mindestens 100 µm beträgt;
  • einer Station C zum zumindest teilweisen Aushärten des ersten Lackes;
  • einer Station D zum Aufbringen eines zweiten flüssigen, zumindest teilweise transparenten Lackes zum bereichsweisen Erzeugen einer feinen Strukturierung, und
  • einer Station E zum Aushärten des zweiten Lackes, wobei
  • der Dickenunterschied im Bereich der feinen Strukturierung an der zweiten Lackschicht kleiner 50 µm, insbesondere kleiner 30 µm ist.
Another aspect of the invention is a device for performing the method described above with:
  • a coating station A and a device for feeding the workpiece to the coating station;
  • a first printing station B for the full application of a first liquid lacquer to the workpiece with a rough structure, in which a difference in thickness between thicker areas and thinner areas is at least 50 µm, in particular at least 100 µm;
  • a station C for at least partially curing the first paint;
  • a station D for applying a second liquid, at least partially transparent lacquer for producing a fine structuring in regions, and
  • a station E for curing the second paint, wherein
  • the difference in thickness in the area of fine structuring on the second lacquer layer is less than 50 μm, in particular less than 30 μm.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung ist ein Werkstück, insbesondere ein plattenförmiges Werkstück aus einem Holzwerkstück, einem Trägermaterial, auf dem mindestens ein Dekorbild gedruckt ist, und mindestens einer Lackschicht mit einer groben Strukturierung, bei der ein Dickenunterschied zwischen dickeren Bereichen und dünneren Bereichen mindestens 50 µm, insbesondere mindestens 100 µm beträgt, und mindestens einer zweiten Lackschicht aus einem zumindest teilweise transparenten Material mit einer feinen Strukturierung, bei der der Dickenunterschied kleiner 50 µm, insbesondere kleiner 30 µm ist.Another aspect of the invention is a workpiece, in particular a plate-shaped workpiece made of a wooden workpiece, a carrier material on which at least one decorative image is printed, and at least one lacquer layer with a rough structure, in which a difference in thickness between thicker areas and thinner areas is at least 50 μm , in particular is at least 100 μm, and at least one second lacquer layer made of an at least partially transparent material with a fine structure, in which the difference in thickness is less than 50 μm, in particular less than 30 μm.

Ein weiterer Aspekt des Werkstückes ist, dass die erste Lackschicht eine Schichtdicke zwischen 100 bis 500 µm besitzt.Another aspect of the workpiece is that the first layer of lacquer has a layer thickness between 100 and 500 µm.

Ein dritter Aspekt des Werkstückes nach einem der beiden vorangegangenen Absätze ist, dass die zweite Lackschicht eine Schichtdicke zwischen 10 bis 100 µm besitzt.A third aspect of the workpiece according to one of the two preceding paragraphs is that the second lacquer layer has a layer thickness between 10 and 100 µm.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1.01.0
Werkstückworkpiece
1.11.1
erste Grundschichtfirst base layer
1.21.2
zweite Grundschichtsecond base layer
1.31.3
digital aufgespritzte Tröpfchendigitally sprayed droplets
1.41.4
erste Lackschichtfirst layer of paint
1.51.5
zweite Lackschichtsecond layer of paint
2.42.4
gemaserte Holzbereichegrained wood areas
2.52.5
Holzporewood pore
3.03.0
Werkstückworkpiece
3.13.1
helle Mosaikfliesenbright mosaic tiles
3.23.2
dunklere Mosaikfliesendarker mosaic tiles
3.33.3
Zwischenräumeinterspaces
4.14.1
Werkstückworkpiece
4.24.2
Zwischenlackschicht, z.B. Haftgrund / PrimerIntermediate lacquer layer, e.g. Primer
4.34.3
analog aufgetragener Strukturlackanalogue applied textured paint
4.44.4
digitaler Dekordruckdigital decor printing
4.54.5
flüssige Lackschichtliquid paint layer
4.64.6
digitale Druckstationdigital printing station
4.74.7
Tröpfchendroplet

Claims (15)

  1. Method for producing a decorative workpiece with a structured surface comprising the following steps:
    (B) applying a first liquid lacquer having a coarse;
    (E) applying a second liquid, at least partially transparent lacquer for producing a fine structuring in some regions,
    characterized in that
    the first liquid lacquer is applied over the entire surface,
    at the coarse structuring a difference in thickness between thicker regions and thinner regions is at least 50 µm, in particular at least 100 µm, and
    a liquid lacquer is first applied to produce the second lacquer layer and then lacquer droplets are sprayed into the still liquid material to produce a fine structuring.
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that
    the gloss level in the region of the fine structuring is different by at least 10 gloss units as compared to the coarse structuring.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that
    the first lacquer is applied by means of at least one printing roller which unrolls on a surface of the workpiece, and/or in that
    a step (A) is provided in which feeding of the workpiece to a coating station is carried out, and/or in that
    a step (C) is provided in which an at least partial curing of the applied first lacquer is carried out, and/or in that
    a step (F) is provided in which curing of the second lacquer is carried out, wherein
    the difference in thickness in the region of the fine structuring on the second lacquer layer is less than 50 µm, in particular less than 30 µm.
  4. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    the applying of the second lacquer is carried out by means of at least one digital print head.
  5. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    the material for the first and the second lacquer is identical.
  6. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    the lacquer droplets consist of the same material as the liquid layer.
  7. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    the application of a plurality of lacquer droplets into the still liquid lacquer layer is carried out by means of digital print heads, wherein each lacquer droplet has a volume of less than 10 pL, and the velocity of each lacquer droplet upon impact on the still liquid lacquer layer is greater than 1 m/sec.
  8. The method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that
    the lacquer droplets consist of another material than the liquid lacquer and undergo a chemical reaction with the liquid lacquer after impact, which changes the surface optically and/or haptically at the respective locations.
  9. The method according to claims 1 to 5 or 8, characterized in that
    the lacquer droplets consist of another material than the liquid lacquer and they volatilize after a physical reaction due to the impact on the liquid lacquer within less than 5 minutes by evaporation.
  10. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    at least one intermediate layer is applied between the workpiece and the first lacquer layer, and/or in that
    a further step (D) is provided in which a decorative image is applied by multicolour printing before step (B) or after step (C).
  11. An apparatus for performing the method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising:
    (B) a first coating station for applying a first liquid lacquer with a coarse structuring onto the workpiece over the entire surface, in which a difference in thickness between thicker regions and thinner regions is at least 50 µm, in particular at least 100 µm;
    (D) a station for applying a second liquid, at least partially transparent lacquer for producing a fine structuring in some regions
    characterized in that
    the apparatus is configured to first apply a liquid lacquer to produce the second lacquer layer and then lacquer droplets are sprayed into the still liquid material to produce a fine structuring.
  12. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
    - an application device configured to apply a decorative image to a workpiece and/or one of the applied lacquer layers, wherein
    the application device comprises a multicolour digital printer, and/or
    - a coating station and/or a device for feeding the workpiece to the coating station, and/or
    - a station for at least partial curing of the first lacquer, and/or
    - a station for curing the second lacquer, wherein the difference in thickness in the region of the fine structuring of the second lacquer layer is less than 50 µm, in particular less than 30 µm.
  13. A workpiece, made of
    a wooden workpiece, a carrier material on which at least one decorative image is printed, and at least one lacquer layer applied over the entire surface having a coarse structuring, in which a difference in thickness between thicker regions and thinner regions is at least 50 µm, in particular at least 100 µm, and at least one second lacquer layer
    characterized in that
    the second lacquer layer consists of an at least partially transparent material having a fine structuring in some regions, in which a difference in thickness is less than 50 µm, in particular less than 30 µm, wherein
    the second lacquer layer consists of an applied lacquer which has been structured by means of sprayed lacquer droplets.
  14. The workpiece according to claim 13, characterized in that
    the first lacquer layer has a layer thickness of between 100 and 500 µm, and/or in that
    the second lacquer layer has a layer thickness between 10 and 100 µm.
  15. The workpiece according to claim 13 or 14,
    wherein the workpiece is configured plate-like.
EP18162382.8A 2017-06-13 2018-03-16 Workpiece and method and device for forming a decorative workpiece Active EP3415318B1 (en)

Priority Applications (19)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL18162382T PL3415318T3 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-03-16 Workpiece and method and device for forming a decorative workpiece
ES18168263T ES2781801T3 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-04-19 Procedure and device for producing a decorative surface
EP18168263.4A EP3415319B1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-04-19 Method and device for producing a decorative surface
PL18168263T PL3415319T3 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-04-19 Method and device for producing a decorative surface
PCT/EP2018/065731 WO2018229164A1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method and device for producing a decorative surface
PCT/EP2018/065738 WO2018229170A1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method for producing a structured surface
PCT/EP2018/065734 WO2018229167A1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method and device for producing a decorative surface
CN201880011317.1A CN110290925B (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method for producing a structured surface
CN201880009862.7A CN110267813B (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Device and method for producing a decorative surface
US16/494,308 US11511318B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method and apparatus for producing a decorative workpiece and workpiece
US16/494,310 US11883843B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method for producing a structured surface
US16/494,307 US11141759B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method and apparatus for producing a decorative surface
US16/494,309 US11420229B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method and apparatus for producing a decorative surface
CN202110406502.4A CN113212020B (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method for producing a structured surface
PCT/EP2018/065737 WO2018229169A1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method and device for producing a decorative workpiece and workpiece
US17/322,966 US20210268542A1 (en) 2017-06-13 2021-05-18 Method for producing a structured surface
US17/467,316 US20210394232A1 (en) 2017-06-13 2021-09-06 Method and apparatus for producing a decorative surface
US17/883,623 US11717850B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2022-08-09 Method and apparatus for producing a decorative workpiece and workpiece
US17/883,626 US11717851B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2022-08-09 Method and apparatus for producing a decorative workpiece and workpiece

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017113036.5A DE102017113036B4 (en) 2017-06-13 2017-06-13 Method and device for producing a decorative workpiece and workpiece
DE102017113035.7A DE102017113035B4 (en) 2017-06-13 2017-06-13 Method and device for producing a decorative surface
EP18157511.9A EP3415316B1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-02-19 Method and device for producing a structured surface
EP18161725.9A EP3415317B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-03-14 Method and device for producing a decorative surface

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3415318A1 EP3415318A1 (en) 2018-12-19
EP3415318B1 true EP3415318B1 (en) 2020-02-26

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EP18162382.8A Active EP3415318B1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-03-16 Workpiece and method and device for forming a decorative workpiece

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EP (1) EP3415318B1 (en)
PL (1) PL3415318T3 (en)

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PL3415316T3 (en) 2017-06-13 2020-10-05 Hymmen GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Method and device for producing a structured surface
DE102019206431A1 (en) 2019-05-03 2020-11-05 Hymmen GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Method for producing a structure on a surface
EP3865308A1 (en) * 2020-02-12 2021-08-18 Jesús Francisco Barberan Latorre Method and machine for producing reliefs, as well as panels containing said reliefs
EP3936559A1 (en) * 2020-07-07 2022-01-12 Fritz Egger GmbH & Co. OG Paintable and painted materials with structured surfaces
DE102022118568A1 (en) * 2022-07-25 2024-01-25 REHAU Industries SE & Co. KG Method for producing a profile body

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EP1149712A1 (en) * 2000-04-25 2001-10-31 Tarkett Sommer S.A. Method of producing coatings for floors and walls showing a differential shiny decoration and the product produced by this method
DE102007055053A1 (en) 2007-11-16 2009-05-20 Hueck Engraving Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for processing a structured surface
DE102009004482B4 (en) * 2009-01-09 2012-03-29 Fritz Egger Gmbh & Co. Component made of wood-based material with imprinted décor and varying degrees of gloss
DE102009044802B4 (en) 2009-11-30 2017-11-23 Hymmen GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Method and device for producing a three-dimensional surface structure on a workpiece
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL3415318T3 (en) 2020-08-24
EP3415318A1 (en) 2018-12-19

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