EP3415316B1 - Method and device for producing a structured surface - Google Patents

Method and device for producing a structured surface Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3415316B1
EP3415316B1 EP18157511.9A EP18157511A EP3415316B1 EP 3415316 B1 EP3415316 B1 EP 3415316B1 EP 18157511 A EP18157511 A EP 18157511A EP 3415316 B1 EP3415316 B1 EP 3415316B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid layer
layer
agent
workpiece
less
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18157511.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3415316A1 (en
Inventor
René Pankoke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Original Assignee
Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=61274068&utm_source=***_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP3415316(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE102017113036.5A external-priority patent/DE102017113036B4/en
Priority claimed from DE102017113035.7A external-priority patent/DE102017113035B4/en
Priority to PL18157511T priority Critical patent/PL3415316T3/en
Priority to EP23210461.2A priority patent/EP4303021A3/en
Priority to EP20155456.5A priority patent/EP3666525B1/en
Application filed by Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau filed Critical Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Priority to EP18161725.9A priority patent/EP3415317B2/en
Priority to ES18161725T priority patent/ES2786985T5/en
Priority to PL18161725.9T priority patent/PL3415317T5/en
Priority to PL18162382T priority patent/PL3415318T3/en
Priority to ES18162382T priority patent/ES2787041T3/en
Priority to EP18162382.8A priority patent/EP3415318B1/en
Priority to ES18168263T priority patent/ES2781801T3/en
Priority to PL18168263T priority patent/PL3415319T3/en
Priority to EP18168263.4A priority patent/EP3415319B1/en
Priority to US16/494,310 priority patent/US11883843B2/en
Priority to CN201880009862.7A priority patent/CN110267813B/en
Priority to US16/494,308 priority patent/US11511318B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2018/065737 priority patent/WO2018229169A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2018/065734 priority patent/WO2018229167A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2018/065731 priority patent/WO2018229164A1/en
Priority to US16/494,307 priority patent/US11141759B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2018/065738 priority patent/WO2018229170A1/en
Priority to CN201880011317.1A priority patent/CN110290925B/en
Priority to US16/494,309 priority patent/US11420229B2/en
Priority to CN202110406502.4A priority patent/CN113212020B/en
Publication of EP3415316A1 publication Critical patent/EP3415316A1/en
Publication of EP3415316B1 publication Critical patent/EP3415316B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to US17/322,966 priority patent/US20210268542A1/en
Priority to US17/467,316 priority patent/US20210394232A1/en
Priority to US17/883,623 priority patent/US11717850B2/en
Priority to US17/883,626 priority patent/US11717851B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a matt or rough surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/56—Three layers or more
    • B05D7/58—No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/584—No clear coat specified at least some layers being let to dry, at least partially, before applying the next layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F23/00—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing
    • B41F23/08—Print finishing devices, e.g. for glossing prints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J11/00—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
    • B41J11/0015—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form for treating before, during or after printing or for uniform coating or laminating the copy material before or after printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J11/00—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
    • B41J11/0015—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form for treating before, during or after printing or for uniform coating or laminating the copy material before or after printing
    • B41J11/002—Curing or drying the ink on the copy materials, e.g. by heating or irradiating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/21—Ink jet for multi-colour printing
    • B41J2/2107—Ink jet for multi-colour printing characterised by the ink properties
    • B41J2/2114—Ejecting transparent or white coloured liquids, e.g. processing liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/06—Veined printings; Fluorescent printings; Stereoscopic images; Imitated patterns, e.g. tissues, textiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/0041—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper
    • B41M5/0047—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper by ink-jet printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/0027—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using protective coatings or layers by lamination or by fusion of the coatings or layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/0045—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using protective coatings or film forming compositions cured by mechanical wave energy, e.g. ultrasonics, cured by electromagnetic radiation or waves, e.g. ultraviolet radiation, electron beams, or cured by magnetic or electric fields, e.g. electric discharge, plasma
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/0081—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using electromagnetic radiation or waves, e.g. ultraviolet radiation, electron beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/009—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using thermal means, e.g. infrared radiation, heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
    • B44C3/02—Superimposing layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/002—Pretreatement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0486—Operating the coating or treatment in a controlled atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
    • B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
    • B05D3/065—After-treatment
    • B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B05D5/061—Special surface effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/008—Sequential or multiple printing, e.g. on previously printed background; Mirror printing; Recto-verso printing; using a combination of different printing techniques; Printing of patterns visible in reflection and by transparency; by superposing printed artifacts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/0011—Pre-treatment or treatment during printing of the recording material, e.g. heating, irradiating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/0054—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using protective coatings or film forming compositions cured by thermal means, e.g. infrared radiation, heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
    • B44F1/02—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by reflected light, e.g. matt surfaces, lustrous surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F11/00—Designs imitating artistic work
    • B44F11/04—Imitation of mosaic or tarsia-work patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F9/00—Designs imitating natural patterns
    • B44F9/02—Designs imitating natural patterns wood grain effects
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0871—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having an ornamental or specially shaped visible surface
    • E04F13/0873—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having an ornamental or specially shaped visible surface the visible surface imitating natural stone, brick work, tiled surface or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/107—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for producing a decorative surface, in particular on a workpiece.
  • chipboard MDF, HDF, plastic or external facades, e.g. Metal sheets or plastic sandwich structures and similar plates with a replica of a natural material, e.g. Wood, stone, the surface is then provided with a three-dimensional structure (feel) according to the prior art.
  • Such a structure is also called a synchronous pore.
  • This synchronous pore can take place in an analog way by means of an embossing die which is matched to a decorative image and which is placed in a press, for example in a cycle press or a continuous double belt press (cf. DE 103 16 695 B4 ) is laid out precisely.
  • the EP 3 109 056 A1 shows a method in which such a synchronous structure can be applied very flexibly in a lacquer layer according to a digital template.
  • the EP 2 857 221 A1 shows a method for producing a panel and such a panel, wherein a top coat layer is partially polymerized with VUV light when using the method, so that a micro-folding occurs.
  • the DE 10 2016 120 878 A1 shows a method for generating surface effects, an apparatus for producing the same and articles obtained therefrom.
  • the EP 2 418 019 A1 finally shows a process for the partial matting of UV lacquer layers using excimer lamps.
  • a stencil is used to only partially irradiate the UV lacquer layer.
  • the degree of gloss is determined here in accordance with the method according to DIN EN ISO 2813: 2015-02.
  • DIN EN ISO 2813: 2015-02. For the gloss measurement, a quantity of light is measured that reflects a surface in relation to a reference standard made of polished glass. The unit of measurement used is GU (Gloss Units). The amount of light reflected on the surface depends on the angle of incidence and the properties of the surface.
  • angles of incidence (20 °, 60 ° and 85 °) can be used to determine the degree of reflection, preferably measuring with the angle of incidence of 60 °.
  • the mean value of measurements for the three can also be made Angles of incidence are used.
  • the reflectance compares the light energy emitted and received by a gloss meter in percent at a certain angle of incidence.
  • All surfaces or sections of surfaces that achieve less than 20 gloss units when measured with a gloss level meter are defined as “matte” and all surfaces or sections of surfaces that achieve more than 60 gloss units are defined as “glossy” designated.
  • One of the two layers of paint can be matt and the other glossy.
  • the prior art describes the change in the degree of gloss of an at least not completely solidified, in particular liquid, layer made of a plastic which has not yet been polymerized, which is caused by the irradiation with high-energy, electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, is excited for polymerization, known. Due to the polymerization only in the upper layer of this liquid layer, which e.g. was applied with a layer thickness of 50 ⁇ m (for example, polymerization only takes place in a layer of less than 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.01 ⁇ m), the polymerization of this thin layer essentially results in a “skin” the still fluid layer underneath. The result of this skin is wrinkling in the micro or nano range, which ultimately causes the matting of this surface, since, compared to an untreated layer, it increasingly scatters incident light in several spatial directions.
  • the resulting surface is evenly matted and has the same degree of gloss or mattness at all lower and higher points.
  • the structure depths previously applied by the known methods of, for example, 10 to 50 ⁇ m height difference between the deeper pores and the higher areas can be achieved no longer recognize optically. It is therefore the object of the present invention to demonstrate a method and a device with which a decorative surface can be produced very flexibly without including the disadvantages of the various varnishes required.
  • electromagnetic radiation with different wavelengths is preferably used in a different time sequence.
  • a wavelength of less than 200 nm is preferably used first, then a wavelength of less than 250 nm and finally a wavelength of less than 300 nm.
  • the agent is preferably sprayed onto the liquid layer in the form of fine droplets and / or applied in the form of droplets, in particular by means of a digital print head or a digital nozzle bar.
  • the chemical and / or physical properties of the agent are preferably designed to absorb at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 50% of incident electromagnetic radiation.
  • the fine droplets preferably form a uniform layer on the surface of the liquid layer when they are applied, and are particularly suitable for application over a large area.
  • the fine droplets in particular have a volume of 0.1 pl to 1 pl, preferably 0.3 pl to 0.8 pl, particularly preferably 0.5 to 0.6 pl.
  • the droplets in particular have a volume of 1 pl to 80 pl, preferably 3 pl to 12 pl, particularly preferably 5 pl to 10 pl.
  • the velocity of the droplets and / or the fine droplets is in particular between 0.5 m / s and 12 m / s, preferably between 3 m / s and 7 m / s, particularly preferably between 5 m / s and 6 m / s.
  • the surface of a liquid layer on a workpiece is sprayed with droplets of an agent in the form of a liquid prior to the irradiation of the still liquid lacquer layer with the high-energy, electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 200 nm. to at least partially absorb the high-energy, electromagnetic radiation.
  • the droplets and / or the fine droplets are preferably dispensed in such a way that when they strike the surface of the liquid layer they at least partially penetrate them and / or come to rest on them and / or displace them and introduce depressions, the droplets in particular be adjusted in volume and / or speed in order to influence the depth of penetration and the displacement.
  • the delivery of the fine droplets is preferably controlled in such a way that their impulse when they hit the surface of the liquid layer is not sufficient to at least partially overcome the surface tension and / or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer, so that the fine droplets preferably on the surface of the liquid layer come to rest.
  • the delivery of the droplets is preferably controlled in such a way that their impulse when they hit the surface of the liquid layer is sufficient to at least partially overcome the surface tension and / or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer, so that the liquid layer is displaced by the droplets, whereby a structure of 10 to 50 ⁇ m height difference can be introduced into the liquid layer.
  • a microstructure or a nanostructure is preferably created in the surface of the uppermost partial area the liquid layer is formed by microfolding, which scatters the reflection of incident light and thus creates an optically more matte impression.
  • the microfolding of the uppermost partial surface of the liquid layer is caused by polymerization of the same, as described in the introduction.
  • the liquid layer preferably consists of a polymerizable acrylate mixture. It also preferably has radiation-curing properties.
  • the liquid layer can alternatively be designed as an aqueous or solvent-based coating system, which can be dried, for example, by means of a nozzle dryer.
  • the liquid layer consists of an acrylate lacquer with 30% by weight of a bi-acrylate HDDA, 40% by weight of a bi-acrylate DPGDA, 10% by weight of a crosslinking agent TM PTA, 3% by weight of an industry-standard photoinitiator and 17 % By weight of other ingredients.
  • the acrylate varnish has a viscosity of 80-500 mPas, preferably 150-400 mPas, measured at 25 ° C and normal pressure with a rheometer.
  • the agent applied preferably consists of a polymerizable acrylate mixture and / or of a solvent-containing liquid and / or of an aqueous mixture, in particular with a water content of more than 30%, preferably more than 50%.
  • the layer is preferably cured by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, with a wavelength preferably greater than 250 nm, particularly preferably greater than 300 nm, and / or by irradiation with electron radiation and / or by active and / or passive drying.
  • Active drying is understood below to mean any type of drying in which the liquid layer is dried by creating special conditions.
  • the liquid layer can be flowed in with a fluid, in particular with air, and / or by adding heat, in particular by means of IR radiation or by using a heater.
  • Passive drying is preferably characterized in that the liquid layer cures on its own and without further processing. This can be done, for example, by transporting the workpiece on a free section of a belt conveyor and / or by depositing the workpiece.
  • the curing preferably takes place by means of reaction curing by means of, for example, a two-component system which cures within less than 30 minutes, preferably less than 5 minutes, by chemical reaction between the components.
  • the agent applied is preferably such that, especially after irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, in particular less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm, within less than 3 minutes evaporated within less than 1 minute, particularly preferably within less than half a minute.
  • a further step in the processing of the method is particularly preferably provided in which the evaporation of the agent is carried out within less than 3 minutes, preferably within less than 1 minute, particularly preferably within less than half a minute.
  • Such an evaporation step can in particular be designed in such a way that the workpiece with the agent applied to the liquid layer is conveyed through a correspondingly configured section of the route which has special evaporation conditions for the agent.
  • the evaporation of the agent can in particular take place actively, the agent being evaporated by creating special conditions.
  • the agent can be evaporated, in particular by means of an inflow with a fluid, in particular air, and / or by supplying heat, in particular by means of IR radiation or by using a heater.
  • the agent can also evaporate alone and without further processing. This can be done, for example, by transporting the workpiece on a free section of a belt conveyor and / or by storing the workpiece, the further processing taking place after evaporation.
  • the agent preferably enters into a chemical reaction when it strikes the surface or when it comes into contact with the surface of the liquid layer in such a way that there is an optical and / or haptic change in the surface at the points.
  • the polymer formation changes, for example, the reflective property of the surface of the liquid layer and / or its roughness.
  • a chemical reaction step is particularly preferably provided which is designed such that the chemical reaction between the agent and the layer is given sufficient time for this chemical reaction to take place at least partially.
  • Such a chemical reaction step can in particular be designed in such a way that the workpiece with the agent applied to the liquid layer is conveyed through an appropriately set-up section which has special reaction conditions for the agent and the liquid layer.
  • the chemical reaction is preferably designed in such a way that a reaction product which has an absorption property with respect to electromagnetic radiation is formed on impact or in further contact between the medium and the liquid layer.
  • the applied agent also undergoes a chemical reaction when it hits the layer such that the reaction product at this point is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably of less than 200 nm, no or less microstructure formation than on the areas on which no agent has been applied to the surface.
  • a further step is preferably also provided in which the liquid layer is applied to a surface of the workpiece.
  • This can be done, for example, by roller application, in which the surface of the workpiece is coated with the liquid layer over the entire surface or over partial surfaces to be structured.
  • the application can also be carried out by means of a spray head, which applies the liquid layer to the surface of the workpiece by means of nozzles.
  • a further step, in particular carried out at the same time for applying the agent, is preferably part of the method in which the liquid layer is structured by means of an analog or digital structuring method, whereby in particular a structure of the liquid layer with a height difference of 10 to 50 ⁇ m is achieved.
  • a further step is preferably also provided in which the liquid layer is structured by means of an analog structuring method, in particular with an embossing roller or plate, and / or by means of analog or digital application, in particular by means of a digital printhead, of structuring droplets, whereby by the structuring depressions are introduced into the layer.
  • the structuring droplets in particular have a volume of 1 pl to 80 pl, preferably 3 pl to 12 pl, particularly preferably 5 pl to 10 pl.
  • the speed of the structuring droplets is in particular between 1 m / s and 12 m / s, preferably between 3 m / s and 7 m / s, particularly preferably between 5 m / s and 6 m / s.
  • the structuring droplets preferably consist of the same material as the liquid layer, so that their impact on the liquid layer only results in a physical displacement for structuring the liquid layer.
  • structuring droplets can also be applied which differ from the liquid layer in their composition, in particular in their density. It is also conceivable to design these structuring droplets in such a way that they react chemically with the surface of the liquid layer in order to achieve an optical and / or haptic change to this surface.
  • the structuring of the liquid layer is carried out in such a way that this structure is formed as synchronously as possible (i.e. with a maximum deviation of 2 mm, preferably 1 mm) to a decorative image applied to the workpiece under the liquid layer. That is, If a wood grain is depicted on the workpiece, the wood grain is also reproduced with the structuring, which corresponds to the grain of the decor image.
  • the layer is then preferably at least partially transparent at the latest after curing, so that the decorative image is correspondingly visible.
  • a further step can preferably also be provided, in which a decorative image is applied to the workpiece, for example by means of digital printing.
  • a decorative image can also be applied to a structured layer that is at least partially hardened or that has a surface that is solidified by polymerization.
  • This decorative picture can be designed in one or more colors.
  • the device preferably has a curing station, which can be designed differently in order to achieve curing of the at least partially liquid layer.
  • a radiation source can preferably be provided, which is designed to irradiate the liquid layer and / or the applied agent with electromagnetic radiation of variable wavelength, in particular with IR radiation, at least until it is partially cured.
  • the radiation source is preferably formed separately and / or is identical to the radiation source which emits the electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm.
  • the radiation source can emit electron radiation of variable wavelength.
  • the curing station preferably has a fluid source which is designed to flow around the layer, in particular with air, it being possible for the fluid to be influenced in particular in the parameters of flow rate and / or temperature and / or moisture.
  • the curing station preferably has an electron beam source, which is designed to irradiate the liquid layer and / or the applied agent with electron radiation at least until it is partially cured.
  • the curing station preferably has a drying station which is designed to receive the workpiece until the layer has at least partially cured and, in particular, to provide a predetermined drying temperature by means of a heating source, to which the workpiece with the layer can be exposed.
  • the device further has a control means which is designed to control the device in accordance with the method steps.
  • This can be, for example, an electronically controlled control unit, in particular a control unit, which is designed to transmit electronic control signals to the further elements of the device and preferably to receive signals from the further elements of the device. For example, feedback about the currently dispensed amount of droplets or their speed and further information relating to the method can be transmitted to the control means, whereby the control means receives information about the current implementation of the method and can provide appropriately adapted control signals.
  • the device preferably furthermore has a reaction area which is designed to enable evaporation and / or a chemical reaction, the reaction area being in particular formed as a area through which the transport device transports the workpiece, and its expansion and the transport speed so one another are coordinated so that evaporation and / or a reaction are at least partially made possible.
  • a reaction area which is designed to enable evaporation and / or a chemical reaction
  • the reaction area being in particular formed as a area through which the transport device transports the workpiece, and its expansion and the transport speed so one another are coordinated so that evaporation and / or a reaction are at least partially made possible.
  • it can be a chamber through which the workpiece, which can also be in the form of a web, is transported.
  • the device preferably also has a protective gas chamber which is designed to surround the workpiece and / or the layer and / or the agent at least on a partial route during the transport with a protective gas, in particular an inert gas, preferably nitrogen.
  • a protective gas in particular an inert gas, preferably nitrogen.
  • the device preferably also has an application device which is designed to apply the liquid layer to the workpiece.
  • This application device has, in particular, a rolling mill which is designed to coat the workpiece with a liquid layer.
  • a spray head can also be provided, which applies the liquid layer to the surface of the workpiece by means of nozzles.
  • the device preferably also has a structuring element which is designed to introduce a structure into the liquid layer.
  • a structuring element which is designed to introduce a structure into the liquid layer.
  • This can preferably be an analog embossing roller or an embossing plate, on which a structure is provided by means of elevations, which can be transferred to the liquid layer by being pressed into it.
  • the structuring element has at least one digital print head, which is designed to apply structuring droplets to the liquid layer.
  • the digital print head is preferably capable of the pulse and / or volume and / or speed of the structuring droplets in this way to adapt so that the structuring droplets achieve a structuring effect by hitting the liquid layer, in particular by displacing the liquid layer.
  • the device preferably also has an application device for applying a decorative image, with at least one digital print head which is designed to apply color to the surface of the layer and / or the workpiece. It is thus possible to provide the surface of the workpiece and / or the layer with a decorative image.
  • the transport device preferably has a transport belt, the elements of the device described above being arranged one after the other in the main transport direction.
  • a processing sequence of the method steps can be specified in particular via the arrangement sequence.
  • the dispensing device preferably has at least one digital digital printhead which is designed to dispense the agent.
  • the digital print head is preferably designed such that it can deliver the agent either in the form of fine droplets or droplets onto the surface of the liquid layer. It is also preferably designed to meter in particular the volume, speed and / or pulse of the fine pots and / or droplets in accordance with a specification, for example from the control means.
  • the reaction area preferably has special boundary conditions which are necessary for triggering evaporation and / or a chemical reaction.
  • the reaction area preferably extends over at least part of the protective gas chamber. In this way, it is advantageously achieved that the reaction takes place at least partially under protective gas, so that the influence of undesired chemical components, in particular of the ambient air, is minimized.
  • the device elements described here are not to be seen as limiting the subject matter of the device according to the invention. Rather, further devices can be obtained by swapping, multiplying or omitting individual elements. For example, after the first coating and matting with a liquid layer, a further coating with a liquid layer can also be carried out, which is also matted in order to achieve special optical effects.
  • Figure 1 is a workpiece 1, shown with a liquid layer 2 applied thereon and an agent which has been sprayed onto the layer 2 in the form of droplets 3 from digital print heads 4 arranged above it.
  • the workpiece 1 is moved in a transport direction under the print heads 4 from right to left, so that the print heads 4 can apply the droplets 3 to the liquid layer 2 in different places.
  • the device is designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation. It can thus be achieved that parts of the surface of the liquid layer 2 that are covered with the agent can be at least partially shielded from the direct influence of electromagnetic radiation.
  • the droplets 3 produced depressions when they hit the liquid layer 2, the viscosity of the liquid layer 2 being such that these depressions do not immediately recede.
  • a structuring of the liquid layer 2 existing at least over a certain period of less than 5 minutes, preferably less than 3 minutes, which can be permanently solidified by subsequent curing.
  • Figure 2 is this workpiece 1 with the liquid layer 2 in a protective gas chamber 24, which predominantly has a nitrogen atmosphere in the interior 5, in order to keep oxygen atoms or oxygen molecules away from the surface of the layer 2, in order to make undesired chemical reactions with oxygen in the air more difficult.
  • a protective gas chamber 24 which predominantly has a nitrogen atmosphere in the interior 5, in order to keep oxygen atoms or oxygen molecules away from the surface of the layer 2, in order to make undesired chemical reactions with oxygen in the air more difficult.
  • the surface of the layer 2 here has a structure which is characterized by the droplets 3, as in FIG Figure 1 represented, was generated.
  • the droplets 3 are still in the depressions.
  • a radiation source 6 for electromagnetic radiation 6a is provided, under which the workpiece 1 with the liquid layer 2 structured through the depressions is moved.
  • the radiation source 6 is designed such that it emits the electromagnetic radiation 6a onto the surface of the liquid layer 2.
  • the electromagnetic radiation 6a has, for example, a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm.
  • an inert gas atmosphere can also be formed in the interior 5 of the protective gas chamber 24, which is suitable for keeping oxygen atoms and / or molecules in particular away from the surface of the layer 2.
  • the protective gas chamber 24 can be designed as a closed space or as an area through which a workpiece 1 is moved. This is particularly advantageous for web-shaped workpieces 1,
  • Figure 3 shows the liquid layer 2 on the workpiece 1 after irradiation with electromagnetic radiation 6a from the radiation source 6.
  • the surface of the liquid layer 2 is polymerized more or less strongly at various points.
  • the electromagnetic radiation 6a could hit the surface of the layer 2 unhindered, as a result of which a stronger polymerization took place here.
  • the surface has become rougher, at least in the micro or nano range, since the molecules of the liquid layer 2 near the surface have become more cross-linked due to the electromagnetic radiation 6a. Therefore light that falls on these points 7 is now reflected in several directions, ie diffusely, whereby a higher degree of mattness of these points 7 is achieved.
  • the electromagnetic radiation 6a could not reach the locations 8 of the surface of the liquid layer 2 directly, since these, as in FIGS Figures 1 and 2 shown with which means in the form of droplets 3 were covered.
  • the agent is no longer present on the surface of the liquid layer 2 since it has evaporated, for example.
  • the agent at least partially absorbed the electromagnetic radiation at the lower points 8, so that polymerization of the surface of the liquid layer 2 could not take place here to the same extent as at the points 7.
  • the lower points 8 are therefore less rough , at least in the micro or nano range, which means that a reflection of incident light is scattered less strongly.
  • the digits 8 therefore appear more shiny than the digits 7.
  • Figure 4 shows in the lower representation a section, which is marked in the upper representation by the two vertical dashed lines, from the layer 2 on the workpiece 1 and the agent sprayed thereon in the form of droplets 3 which emit the electromagnetic radiation 6a at the locations of the At least partially absorb droplets 3.
  • the electromagnetic radiation 6 a can strike the surface of the liquid layer 2 unhindered. This is illustrated by the length of the arrows of the electromagnetic radiation 6a, which describe the intensity with which the surface of the liquid layer 2 is irradiated.
  • the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation 6a on the surface of the liquid layer 2 at locations covered with droplets 3 is significantly lower, as can be seen from the comparatively short arrows of the electromagnetic radiation 6a below the droplets 3.
  • Figure 5 shows a further embodiment, in which the agent was only applied to the surface of the liquid layer without changing its structure.
  • the agent is applied here in the form of fine droplets 3a which have been applied to the liquid layer in such a way that they do not sink into the surface of the liquid layer 2 or do not displace it and introduce depressions. This can be achieved, for example, by adapting the fine droplets 3a in their volume and / or in their impact speed so that the surface of the liquid layer is not changed by it.
  • An impulse of the fine droplets 3a can be set such that it is not sufficient to break through the surface tension of the liquid layer 2, thereby the fine droplets 3a do not sink into the liquid layer 2 and / or that this is not sufficient to overcome the viscosity forces of the liquid layer 2, as a result of which no depressions are introduced into the liquid layer 2 due to the fine droplets 3a.
  • the fine droplets 3a are dimensioned such that they form a fine haze on the surface of the liquid layer, at least on partial surfaces thereof.
  • Figure 6 shows an alternative workpiece 1 as a web, which is unwound from a roll 9 and is also coated with a liquid layer 2.
  • the workpiece 1 moves continuously to the right, where further processing steps described above (not shown) follow.
  • the liquid layer 2 is applied after rolling off the roll 9 by means of a rolling mill 10.
  • the matting process can thus not only be applied to individual flat workpieces, such as plates, for example made of wood, plastic or metal, but also to sheet-like workpieces 1,
  • Figure 7 shows a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • a liquid layer S20 is applied to the surface of a workpiece. This can, for example, in the in Figure 6 shown way.
  • Structuring S22 of the workpiece coated in this way then takes place, so that the liquid layer is provided with a structure after this step has been carried out.
  • the structuring of the liquid layer can take place, for example, by an analogous structuring method, in particular by mechanical embossing of the surface of the liquid layer, for example by an embossing roller rolling on the surface of the liquid layer.
  • the structuring of the liquid layer can also be carried out digitally, droplets being applied to the surface of the liquid layer, for example using digital printheads, which penetrate and / or displace it.
  • the droplets are advantageously made of the same material as the liquid layer in order to achieve only a structuring effect.
  • the droplets can be made of a different material than the liquid layer, as a result of which, for example, a chemical reaction between the liquid layer and droplets can be achieved, in particular by later irradiation with electromagnetic radiation and / or electron radiation and / or an increase in temperature.
  • the chemical reaction is designed in such a way that its reaction product has a structuring effect on the surface of the liquid layer, as a result of which it is changed optically and / or haptically.
  • the structuring of the surface ensures that the structure is synchronous with the image visible through the liquid layer.
  • the workpiece prepared in this way is then fed to a digital printing station, for example via a continuous belt transport (S10).
  • a digital printing station for example via a continuous belt transport (S10).
  • the digital printing station enables an agent which is designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation to be applied to the surface of the liquid layer.
  • the S12 of the agent can be applied in the form of droplets which are coordinated in speed and volume, for example, in such a way that they can overcome the surface tension and / or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer in order to structure it.
  • the agent S12 can be applied in the form of fine droplets which are dimensioned such that they do not change the surface of the liquid layer, but only cover it at least on partial areas.
  • Irradiation S14 of the surface of the liquid layer leads to its polymerization to a certain depth of penetration, for example 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.01 ⁇ m, whereby this as in Figure 3 shown, where the radiation was directly exposed to more. After completion of the irradiation S14, these spots are therefore more matt than the spots that were covered with the agent.
  • the applied agent is then evaporated in a further step S18.
  • This can be done, for example, solely by heating the agent, for example with an IR lamp, the agent advantageously having a lower evaporation temperature than the liquid layer.
  • the agent has the property that it evaporates after a certain time
  • the evaporation S18 can only consist in waiting until the agent has evaporated. This can be done, for example, in that the workpiece is transported on a belt conveyor before the next method step is carried out, the length, transport speed and ambient temperature of this belt conveyor being designed such that evaporation S18 is made possible during the transport.
  • the hardening S16 of the liquid and now at least partially matted layer then takes place in a further step.
  • the workpiece in particular the liquid layer, can be irradiated again with electromagnetic radiation which comes from the same radiation source as was used in step S14.
  • electromagnetic radiation comes from the same radiation source as was used in step S14.
  • other radiation sources can also be provided, or other types of curing, such as active or passive air drying, or irradiation with electron beams can take place.
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic structure of a preferred embodiment of a device 18 according to the invention.
  • a transport device 20 is shown, which is designed as a belt transport, on which a workpiece 1 is transported in the transport direction 28.
  • a liquid layer 2 is applied to the top of the workpiece 1.
  • the workpiece 1 is transported in the transport direction 28 into a protective gas chamber 24 in the further course of the transport.
  • a protective gas atmosphere in particular an inert gas atmosphere, for example a nitrogen atmosphere, in its interior 5, as a result of which oxygen in particular can be kept away from the liquid layer 2, as a result of which undesired chemical reactions are avoided.
  • digital printheads 4 are provided in the interior 5 of the protective gas chamber 24 and are designed to apply a means which is designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation to the liquid layer 2. In the illustration shown, this is done by applying droplets 3, the digital print heads 4 being designed to control the droplet dispensing, in particular with regard to the droplet speed, volume and pulse.
  • the agent can also be applied from the digital print heads 4 in the form of fine droplets 3a, which are distributed as evenly as possible on the surface of the liquid layer 2 and in particular join together to form partial areas.
  • a radiation source 6 Downstream of the digital print heads 4 is a radiation source 6, which is designed to emit electromagnetic radiation 6a with a wavelength of in particular less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm, onto the surface of the liquid layer 2 to achieve the matting described above.
  • control means (not shown) which is designed to control the device 18 and its elements in order to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • An HDF board is coated with a white printing background.
  • the plate coated in this way is fed to a digital printer (in an alternative embodiment also a rotary printing machine with several colors) and printed decoratively with a wood decor, for example.
  • an intermediate layer of lacquer or primer ideally transparent, can be applied to this decorative layer printed in this way.
  • a liquid layer 2 is applied with a layer thickness of 50-80 microns.
  • This layer can be applied in a roller application machine or, in an alternative embodiment, also in a spraying machine.
  • the layer consists of a UV-curing acrylate mixture.
  • the HDF plate coated in this way is fed to a further printing station, in which droplets 3 are sprayed onto parts of the surface from digital print heads. In the embodiment shown here, these droplets consist of an aqueous mixture, including in particular the following components
  • the droplets can also consist of a solvent-based or an acrylate-based liquid.
  • the droplets at the points where they hit change the surface of the still liquid layer in such a way that they are affected by a high speed of 4-6 m / sec. displace the still liquid layer 2.
  • the workpiece with the liquid layer 2 modified in this way is then fed to a radiation source 6 which emits electromagnetic radiation 6a with a wavelength of ⁇ 250 nm onto the surface.
  • This electromagnetic radiation is at least partially absorbed by the droplets 3 and strikes the layer 2 underneath.
  • This layer 2 begins to polymerize in its surface and thereby fold (see reference number 7) Fig. 3 .
  • the droplets 3 In the lower-lying places, in which the droplets 3 have at least partially absorbed the electromagnetic radiation, there is less polymerization and thus less folding at the places 8 in Fig. 3 .
  • the workpiece is then fed to yet another UV radiation source with a wavelength> 300 nm in order to completely harden the underlying, still liquid layer 2, in particular the acrylate layer.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer dekorativen Oberfläche, insbesondere auf einem Werkstück.The present invention relates to a method and a device for producing a decorative surface, in particular on a workpiece.

Es ist das Ziel aller dekorativen Oberflächen bzw. dekorativ beschichteter Oberflächen, möglichst naturgetreu auszusehen. Um dies zu erreichen, werden beispielsweise Spanplatten, MDF-Platten, HDF-Platten, Kunststoffplatten oder auch Außenfassaden, z.B. Metallbleche oder Kunststoff-Sandwich-Aufbauten und ähnliche Platten mit einer Nachbildung eines natürlichen Werkstoffen, z.B. Holz, Stein, wird nach dem Stand der Technik anschließend die Oberfläche mit einer dreidimensional geprägten Struktur (Haptik) versehen.It is the goal of all decorative surfaces or decorative coated surfaces to look as natural as possible. To achieve this, chipboard, MDF, HDF, plastic or external facades, e.g. Metal sheets or plastic sandwich structures and similar plates with a replica of a natural material, e.g. Wood, stone, the surface is then provided with a three-dimensional structure (feel) according to the prior art.

Diese Haptik wird häufig synchron zu dem darunterliegenden Dekorbild aufgebracht. Dies bedeutet, dass bei einer Holznachbildung, z.B. ein gedrucktes Astloch mit einer in der darüber liegenden, geprägten Struktur versehenen Vertiefung abgedeckt wird, während höherliegende Bereiche aus der Holzoptik keine geprägte Vertiefung erhalten.This feel is often applied in sync with the underlying decor image. This means that with a wood reproduction, e.g. a printed knothole is covered with an indentation provided in the overlying embossed structure, while higher areas from the wood look do not receive an embossed indentation.

Eine solche Struktur wird auch als Synchronpore bezeichnet. Diese Synchronpore kann sowohl auf analogem Wege durch eine auf ein dekoratives Bild abgestimmte Prägematrize erfolgen, welche in einer Presse, z.B. in einer Taktpresse oder einer kontinuierlichen Doppelbandpresse (vgl. DE 103 16 695 B4 ) dekorgenau aufgelegt wird.Such a structure is also called a synchronous pore. This synchronous pore can take place in an analog way by means of an embossing die which is matched to a decorative image and which is placed in a press, for example in a cycle press or a continuous double belt press (cf. DE 103 16 695 B4 ) is laid out precisely.

Die EP 3 109 056 A1 zeigt ein Verfahren, bei der eine solche synchrone Struktur in eine Lackschicht nach einer digitalen Vorlage sehr flexibel aufgebracht werden kann.The EP 3 109 056 A1 shows a method in which such a synchronous structure can be applied very flexibly in a lacquer layer according to a digital template.

Die EP 2 857 221 A1 zeigt ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Paneels sowie ein solches Paneel, wobei bei der Anwendung des Verfahrens eine Decklackschicht mit VUV-Licht teilpolymerisiert wird, so dass eine Mikrofaltung auftritt.The EP 2 857 221 A1 shows a method for producing a panel and such a panel, wherein a top coat layer is partially polymerized with VUV light when using the method, so that a micro-folding occurs.

Die DE 10 2016 120 878 A1 zeigt ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Oberflächeneffekten, einer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung derselben sowie daraus erhaltener Artikel.The DE 10 2016 120 878 A1 shows a method for generating surface effects, an apparatus for producing the same and articles obtained therefrom.

Die EP 2 418 019 A1 zeigt schließlich ein Verfahren zur partiellen Mattierung von UV-Lackschichten mittels Excimer-Strahler. Wobei eine Schablone verwendet wird, um die UV-Lackschicht lediglich partiell zu bestrahlen.The EP 2 418 019 A1 finally shows a process for the partial matting of UV lacquer layers using excimer lamps. A stencil is used to only partially irradiate the UV lacquer layer.

Bei all diesen Verfahren ist es sehr erwünscht, sowohl das dekorative und gedruckte Bild als auch die Struktur (Haptik) nicht nur fühlen zu können, sondern auch optisch zu erkennen. Dies bedeutet, dass bei der dreidimensionalen Strukturierung gerne ein Glanzgradunterschied zwischen den tieferliegenden Bereichen (Poren) und den höherliegenden Bereichen erzielt werden soll. Dabei wird der Glanzgrad hier im Folgenden entsprechend der Methode nach DIN EN ISO 2813:2015-02 bestimmt. Für die Glanzmessung wird eine Lichtmenge gemessen, die eine Oberfläche im Verhältnis zu einem Referenzstandard aus poliertem Glas reflektiert. Die dabei verwendete Maßeinheit ist GU (Gloss Units bzw. Glanzeinheiten). Die an der Oberfläche reflektierte Lichtmenge ist abhängig vom Einfallswinkel und den Eigenschaften der Oberfläche. Bei der Glanzmessung können unterschiedliche Einfallswinkel (20°, 60° und 85°) verwendet werden, um den Reflexionsgrad zu erfassen, wobei vorzugsweise mit dem Einfallswinkel von 60° gemessen wird. Alternativ kann auch der Mittelwert von Messungen zu den drei Einfallswinkeln verwendet werden. Der Reflexionsgrad vergleicht die von einem Glanzmessgerät abgestrahlte und empfangene Lichtenergie in Prozent bei einem bestimmten Einfallswinkel.With all of these methods, it is very desirable not only to be able to feel the decorative and printed image as well as the structure (feel), but also to recognize it visually. This means that with the three-dimensional structuring, a difference in gloss level should be achieved between the lower areas (pores) and the higher areas. The degree of gloss is determined here in accordance with the method according to DIN EN ISO 2813: 2015-02. For the gloss measurement, a quantity of light is measured that reflects a surface in relation to a reference standard made of polished glass. The unit of measurement used is GU (Gloss Units). The amount of light reflected on the surface depends on the angle of incidence and the properties of the surface. When measuring the gloss, different angles of incidence (20 °, 60 ° and 85 °) can be used to determine the degree of reflection, preferably measuring with the angle of incidence of 60 °. Alternatively, the mean value of measurements for the three can also be made Angles of incidence are used. The reflectance compares the light energy emitted and received by a gloss meter in percent at a certain angle of incidence.

Alle Oberflächen oder Abschnitte von Oberflächen, die nach der Norm bei der Messung mit einem Glanzgradmessgerät weniger als 20 Glanzeinheiten erzielen, werden als "matt" definiert, und alle Oberflächen oder Abschnitte von Oberflächen, die mehr als 60 Glanzeinheiten erzielen, werden als "glänzend" bezeichnet. Eine der beiden Lackschichten kann matt und die andere glänzend ausgebildet sein.All surfaces or sections of surfaces that achieve less than 20 gloss units when measured with a gloss level meter are defined as "matte" and all surfaces or sections of surfaces that achieve more than 60 gloss units are defined as "glossy" designated. One of the two layers of paint can be matt and the other glossy.

Um mit dem digitalen Verfahren einen solchen Unterschied in den Glanzpunkten von den glänzenden Stellen zu den weniger glänzenden Stellen von z.B. 20 Glanzpunkten Differenz, bevorzugt weniger als 10 Glanzpunkte Unterschied, zu erzielen, ist bekannt, mit unterschiedlichen digital aufgetragenen Lacken und dadurch erzeugten unterschiedlichen Glanzgraden zu arbeiten. Dieses Verfahren ist jedoch sehr aufwendig, da verschiedene Lacke verwendet werden müssen.In order to use the digital process to make such a difference in the highlights from the shiny spots to the less shiny spots e.g. To achieve a difference of 20 gloss points, preferably less than a difference of 10 gloss points, it is known to work with different digitally applied lacquers and the different degrees of gloss produced thereby. However, this process is very complex since different paints have to be used.

Weiterhin ist aus dem Stand der Technik die Veränderung des Glanzgrades einer zumindest nicht vollständig erstarrten, insbesondere flüssigen, Schicht aus einem noch nicht polymerisierten Kunststoff, welche durch die Bestrahlung mit einer hochenergetischen, elektromagnetischen Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, bevorzugt weniger als 250 nm, zur Polymerisation angeregt wird, bekannt. Aufgrund der Polymerisation nur in der oberen Schicht dieser flüssigen Schicht, welche z.B. mit einer Schichtstärke von 50 µm aufgetragen wurde (Polymerisation findet beispielsweise nur in einer Schicht von weniger als 0,1 µm, bevorzugt weniger als 0,01 µm, statt), ergibt sich durch die Polymerisation dieser dünnen Schicht, quasi eine "Haut" auf der noch flüssigen Schicht darunter. Diese Haut weist im Ergebnis eine Faltenbildung im Mikrobereich bzw. im Nanobereich auf, welche letztendlich die Mattierung dieser Oberfläche bedingt, da sie, verglichen mit einer unbehandelten Schicht, einfallendes Licht vermehrt in mehrere Raumrichtungen streut.Furthermore, the prior art describes the change in the degree of gloss of an at least not completely solidified, in particular liquid, layer made of a plastic which has not yet been polymerized, which is caused by the irradiation with high-energy, electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, is excited for polymerization, known. Due to the polymerization only in the upper layer of this liquid layer, which e.g. was applied with a layer thickness of 50 μm (for example, polymerization only takes place in a layer of less than 0.1 μm, preferably less than 0.01 μm), the polymerization of this thin layer essentially results in a “skin” the still fluid layer underneath. The result of this skin is wrinkling in the micro or nano range, which ultimately causes the matting of this surface, since, compared to an untreated layer, it increasingly scatters incident light in several spatial directions.

Dieses Verfahren ist beispielsweise aus dem Produktbereich der "Innovative Oberflächentechnologien GmbH" bekannt.This process is known, for example, from the product area of "Innovative Oberflächentechnologies GmbH".

Bei diesem Mattierungsverfahren ist allerdings die entstehende Oberfläche gleichmäßig mattiert und hat an allen tiefergelegenen und höhergelegenen Stellen den gleichen Glanzgrad bzw. Mattheitsgrad. Gerade bei Holznachbildungen mit einem sehr niedrigen Glanzgrad (sehr tief matt) von z.B. weniger als 5, bevorzugt weniger als 3 Glanzpunkten, lassen sich die zuvor durch die bekannten Verfahren aufgebrachten Strukturtiefen von z.B. 10 bis 50 µm Höhenunterschied zwischen den tieferen Poren und den höherstehenden Bereichen optisch nicht mehr erkennen. Es ist daher das Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung aufzuzeigen, mit der sehr flexibel eine dekorative Oberfläche erzeugt werden kann, ohne die Nachteile der notwendigen verschiedenen Lacke zu beinhalten.With this matting process, however, the resulting surface is evenly matted and has the same degree of gloss or mattness at all lower and higher points. Especially in the case of wood reproductions with a very low gloss level (very deep matt) of, for example, less than 5, preferably less than 3 gloss points, the structure depths previously applied by the known methods of, for example, 10 to 50 μm height difference between the deeper pores and the higher areas can be achieved no longer recognize optically. It is therefore the object of the present invention to demonstrate a method and a device with which a decorative surface can be produced very flexibly without including the disadvantages of the various varnishes required.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This task is solved by the independent claims. Advantageous further developments are the subject of the subclaims.

Um diese Glanzunterschiede erzeugen zu können und gleichzeitig die Beeinflussung des Glanzgrades mittels der oben beschriebenen Mikrofaltung durch die hochenergetische, elektromagnetische Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 200 nm zu erzielen, schlägt das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren folgende Vorgehensweise vor:
Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer dekorativen Oberfläche auf einem Werkstück mit folgenden Schritten vorgesehen:

  • Zuführen des Werkstückes, das mit einer flüssigen mittels elektromagnetischer Strahlung polymerisierbaren Schicht beschichtet ist, zu einer digitalen Druckstation;
  • Aufbringen eines Mittels, das dazu ausgebildet ist, elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise zu absorbieren, durch die digitale Druckstation zumindest auf eine Teilfläche der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht, oder welches in Kontakt mit der Oberfläche ein Reaktionsprodukt entstehen lässt, das derart beschaffen ist, dass es elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise zu absorbieren vermag;
  • Bestrahlen der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht und des Mittels mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, bevorzugt weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 200 nm;
In order to be able to produce these gloss differences and at the same time to influence the degree of gloss by means of the above-described microfolding by means of the high-energy, electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 200 nm, the method according to the invention proposes the following procedure:
According to the invention, a method for producing a decorative surface on a workpiece is provided with the following steps:
  • Feeding the workpiece, which is coated with a liquid layer polymerizable by means of electromagnetic radiation, to a digital printing station;
  • Applying an agent which is designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation by the digital printing station to at least a partial surface of the surface of the liquid layer, or which in contact with the surface gives rise to a reaction product which is of such a nature that it is electromagnetic Can at least partially absorb radiation;
  • Irradiating the surface of the liquid layer and the agent with electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm;

Um das Verfahren flexibel zu gestalten, wird dabei vorzugsweise elektromagnetische Strahlung mit unterschiedlichen Wellenlängen in unterschiedlicher zeitlicher Abfolge verwendet. Vorzugsweise wird zunächst eine Wellenlänge von kleiner 200 nm, anschließend eine Wellenlänge von kleiner 250 nm und zuletzt eine Wellenlänge von kleiner 300 nm verwendet.In order to make the method flexible, electromagnetic radiation with different wavelengths is preferably used in a different time sequence. A wavelength of less than 200 nm is preferably used first, then a wavelength of less than 250 nm and finally a wavelength of less than 300 nm.

Vorzugsweise wird das Mittel, insbesondere mittels eines Digitaldruckkopfes oder eines Digital-Düsenbalkens, auf die flüssige Schicht in Form von feinen Tröpfchen aufgesprüht und/oder in Form von Tröpfchen aufgebracht.The agent is preferably sprayed onto the liquid layer in the form of fine droplets and / or applied in the form of droplets, in particular by means of a digital print head or a digital nozzle bar.

Vorzugsweise ist das Mittel in seinen chemischen und/oder physikalischen Eigenschaften dazu ausgebildet ist, um mindestens 10%, vorzugsweise mindestens 30%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 50% einfallender elektromagnetischer Strahlung zu absorbieren.The chemical and / or physical properties of the agent are preferably designed to absorb at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 50% of incident electromagnetic radiation.

Je höher die Absorptionseigenschaft des Mittels ist, desto weniger muss davon auf die flüssige Schicht aufgetragen werden, um denselben Absorptionseffekt zu erzielen. Eine gute Absorptionseigenschaft ermöglicht somit einen wirtschaftlichen Betrieb des Verfahrens.The higher the absorption property of the agent, the less of it has to be applied to the liquid layer in order to achieve the same absorption effect. A good absorption property thus enables the process to be operated economically.

Die feinen Tröpfchen bilden in dieser Anmeldung vorzugsweise bei ihrem Auftrag eine gleichmäßige Schicht auf der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht, wobei sie insbesondere für den großflächigeren Auftrag geeignet sind.In this application, the fine droplets preferably form a uniform layer on the surface of the liquid layer when they are applied, and are particularly suitable for application over a large area.

Die feinen Tröpfchen weisen dabei insbesondere ein Volumen von 0,1 pl bis 1 pl, vorzugsweise von 0,3 pl bis 0,8 pl, besonders bevorzugt von 0,5 bis 0,6 pl auf.The fine droplets in particular have a volume of 0.1 pl to 1 pl, preferably 0.3 pl to 0.8 pl, particularly preferably 0.5 to 0.6 pl.

Die Tröpfchen weisen dabei insbesondere ein Volumen von 1 pl bis 80 pl, vorzugsweise von 3 pl bis 12 pl, besonders bevorzugt von 5 pl bis 10 pl auf.The droplets in particular have a volume of 1 pl to 80 pl, preferably 3 pl to 12 pl, particularly preferably 5 pl to 10 pl.

Die Geschwindigkeit der Tröpfchen und/oder der feinen Tröpfchen beträgt insbesondere zwischen 0,5 m/s und 12 m/s, vorzugsweise zwischen 3 m/s und 7 m/s, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 5 m/s und 6 m/s.The velocity of the droplets and / or the fine droplets is in particular between 0.5 m / s and 12 m / s, preferably between 3 m / s and 7 m / s, particularly preferably between 5 m / s and 6 m / s.

In einer Ausführungsform wird somit die Oberfläche einer flüssigen Schicht auf einem Werkstück, vor dem Bestrahlen der noch flüssigen Lackschicht mit der hochenergetischen, elektromagnetischen Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 200 nm mit Tröpfchen eines Mittels in Form einer Flüssigkeit besprüht, welche dazu ausgebildet ist, die hochenergetische, elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise zu absorbieren. Dadurch wird erzielt, dass die Polymerisation in der Oberfläche der darunterliegenden Schicht und Tröpfchen an den Stellen, an denen die Oberfläche mit den Tröpfchen besprüht wurde, nicht oder sehr viel weniger polymerisiert und der Mattheitsgrad dadurch anders, vorzugsweise geringer, ausfällt als an den nicht durch die Tröpfchen besprühten Oberflächen.In one embodiment, the surface of a liquid layer on a workpiece is sprayed with droplets of an agent in the form of a liquid prior to the irradiation of the still liquid lacquer layer with the high-energy, electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 200 nm. to at least partially absorb the high-energy, electromagnetic radiation. The result of this is that the polymerization in the surface of the layer underneath and droplets does not polymerize, or polymerizes much less, at the points at which the surface has been sprayed with the droplets, and the degree of mattness is therefore different, preferably less, than in those not the droplets sprayed surfaces.

Vorzugsweise werden die Tröpfchen und/oder die feinen Tröpfchen derart abgegeben, dass sie beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht in diese zumindest teilweise eindringen, und/oder auf dieser zum Liegen kommen und/oder diese verdrängen und Vertiefungen einbringen, wobei die Tröpfchen insbesondere in Volumen und/oder Geschwindigkeit angepasst werden, um die Eindringtiefe und die Verdrängung zu beeinflussen.The droplets and / or the fine droplets are preferably dispensed in such a way that when they strike the surface of the liquid layer they at least partially penetrate them and / or come to rest on them and / or displace them and introduce depressions, the droplets in particular be adjusted in volume and / or speed in order to influence the depth of penetration and the displacement.

Die Abgabe der feinen Tröpfchen wird vorzugsweise derart gesteuert, dass ihr Impuls beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht nicht ausreicht, um die Oberflächenspannung und/oder die Viskositätskräfte der flüssigen Schicht zumindest teilweise zu überwinden, so dass die feinen Tröpfchen vorzugsweise auf der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht zum Liegen kommen.The delivery of the fine droplets is preferably controlled in such a way that their impulse when they hit the surface of the liquid layer is not sufficient to at least partially overcome the surface tension and / or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer, so that the fine droplets preferably on the surface of the liquid layer come to rest.

Die Abgabe der Tröpfchen wird vorzugsweise derart gesteuert, dass ihr Impuls beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht ausreicht, um die Oberflächenspannung und/oder die Viskositätskräfte der flüssigen Schicht zumindest teilweise zu überwinden, so dass durch die Tröpfchen eine Verdrängung der flüssigen Schicht erfolgt, wodurch in der flüssigen Schicht eine Struktur von 10 bis 50 µm Höhenunterschied eingebracht werden kann.The delivery of the droplets is preferably controlled in such a way that their impulse when they hit the surface of the liquid layer is sufficient to at least partially overcome the surface tension and / or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer, so that the liquid layer is displaced by the droplets, whereby a structure of 10 to 50 µm height difference can be introduced into the liquid layer.

Durch das Bestrahlen der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht mit der elektromagnetischen Strahlung, mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, bevorzugt weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 200 nm, wird vorzugsweise eine Mikrostruktur bzw. eine Nanostruktur in der Oberfläche der obersten Teilfläche der flüssigen Schicht durch Mikrofaltung ausgebildet, welche die Reflexion einfallenden Lichtes streut und so einen optisch matteren Eindruck erzeugt. Die Mikrofaltung der obersten Teilfläche der flüssigen Schicht wird durch Polymerisation derselben verursacht, wie sie einleitend beschrieben wurde.By irradiating the surface of the liquid layer with the electromagnetic radiation, with a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm, a microstructure or a nanostructure is preferably created in the surface of the uppermost partial area the liquid layer is formed by microfolding, which scatters the reflection of incident light and thus creates an optically more matte impression. The microfolding of the uppermost partial surface of the liquid layer is caused by polymerization of the same, as described in the introduction.

Um die Durchführung dieses Verfahrens zu ermöglichen, besteht die die flüssige Schicht vorzugsweise aus einem polymerisationsfähigen Acrylatgemisch. Sie weist ferner vorzugsweise strahlenhärtende Eigenschaften auf.In order to enable this process to be carried out, the liquid layer preferably consists of a polymerizable acrylate mixture. It also preferably has radiation-curing properties.

Die flüssige Schicht kann alternativ als wässriges oder lösemittelbasiertes Lacksystem ausgebildet sein, welches beispielsweise mittels eines Düsentrockners getrocknet werden kann.The liquid layer can alternatively be designed as an aqueous or solvent-based coating system, which can be dried, for example, by means of a nozzle dryer.

In einem konkreten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht die flüssige Schicht aus einem Acrylatlack mit 30 Gew.% eines bi-Acrylates HDDA, 40 Gew.% eines bi- Acrylates DPGDA, 10 Gew.% eines Quervernetzers TM PTA, 3 Gew.% eines industrieüblichen Photoinitiators sowie 17 Gew.% sonstiger Bestandteile. Der Acrylatlack hat eine Viskosität von 80-500 mPas, bevorzugt 150-400mPas, gemessen bei 25°C und Normaldruck mit einem Rheometer.In a specific exemplary embodiment, the liquid layer consists of an acrylate lacquer with 30% by weight of a bi-acrylate HDDA, 40% by weight of a bi-acrylate DPGDA, 10% by weight of a crosslinking agent TM PTA, 3% by weight of an industry-standard photoinitiator and 17 % By weight of other ingredients. The acrylate varnish has a viscosity of 80-500 mPas, preferably 150-400 mPas, measured at 25 ° C and normal pressure with a rheometer.

Ferner besteht das aufgebrachte Mittel vorzugsweise aus einem polymerisationsfähigen Acrylatgemisch und/oder aus einer lösemittelhaltigen Flüssigkeit und/oder aus einem wässrigen Gemisch, insbesondere mit einem Wasseranteil von mehr als 30 %, bevorzugt mehr als 50 %.Furthermore, the agent applied preferably consists of a polymerizable acrylate mixture and / or of a solvent-containing liquid and / or of an aqueous mixture, in particular with a water content of more than 30%, preferably more than 50%.

Vorzugsweise erfolgt das Aushärten der Schicht durch Bestrahlen mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung, mit einer Wellenlänge vorzugsweise größer 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt größer 300 nm, und/oder durch Bestrahlen mit Elektronenstrahlung und/oder durch aktive und/oder passive Trocknung.The layer is preferably cured by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, with a wavelength preferably greater than 250 nm, particularly preferably greater than 300 nm, and / or by irradiation with electron radiation and / or by active and / or passive drying.

Unter aktiver Trocknung wird im Weiteren jede Art von Trocknung verstanden, bei der die flüssige Schicht durch Schaffung von speziellen Bedingungen getrocknet wird. So kann die flüssige Schicht insbesondere mittels Anströmung mit einem Fluid, insbesondere mit Luft, und/oder durch Zuführung von Wärme, insbesondere mittels IR-Strahlung oder durch Verwendung einer Heizung, getrocknet werden.Active drying is understood below to mean any type of drying in which the liquid layer is dried by creating special conditions. For example, the liquid layer can be flowed in with a fluid, in particular with air, and / or by adding heat, in particular by means of IR radiation or by using a heater.

Passive Trocknung ist hingegen vorzugsweise dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die flüssige Schicht alleine und ohne weitere Bearbeitung aushärtet. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Transport des Werkstücks auf einem freien Streckenabschnitt eines Bandtransports erfolgen, und/oder durch Ablegen des Werkstücks.Passive drying, on the other hand, is preferably characterized in that the liquid layer cures on its own and without further processing. This can be done, for example, by transporting the workpiece on a free section of a belt conveyor and / or by depositing the workpiece.

Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Aushärtung mittels Reaktionsaushärtung durch beispielsweise ein Zwei-Komponentensystem, welches durch chemische Reaktion zwischen den Komponenten innerhalb von weniger als 30 Minuten, bevorzugt weniger als 5 Minuten aushärtet.The curing preferably takes place by means of reaction curing by means of, for example, a two-component system which cures within less than 30 minutes, preferably less than 5 minutes, by chemical reaction between the components.

Vorzugsweise besteht das aufgebrachte Mittel nur aus Wasser, oder es weist neben Wasser mit einem gesamten Anteil von 10 - 99% mindestens einen der folgenden Inhaltsstoffe in der genannten Konzentration (Vol-%) auf:

  • einen Stoff aus der Gruppe der gehinderte Amine in einer Konzentration von 0 - 20%
  • einen Stoff aus der Gruppe der N,N'-Diphenyleoxamide in einer Konzentration von 0 - 20%.
The applied agent preferably consists only of water or, in addition to water with a total proportion of 10-99%, it has at least one of the following ingredients in the stated concentration (% by volume):
  • a substance from the group of hindered amines in a concentration of 0-20%
  • a substance from the group of N, N'-diphenyleoxamides in a concentration of 0-20%.

Vorzugsweise weist das aufgebrachte Mittel neben einem Alkohol und/oder einem Glykol mit einem gesamten Anteil (Alkohol und/oder Glykol) von 10 - 99 % mindestens einen der folgenden Inhaltsstoffe in der genannten Konzentration (Vol-%) auf:

  • einen Stoff aus der Gruppe der gehinderte Amine in einer Konzentration von 0 - 20%
  • einen Stoff aus der Gruppe der N,N'-Diphenyleoxamide in einer Konzentration von 0 -20%.
In addition to an alcohol and / or a glycol with a total proportion (alcohol and / or glycol) of 10 to 99%, the agent applied preferably has at least one of the following ingredients in the stated concentration (% by volume):
  • a substance from the group of hindered amines in a concentration of 0-20%
  • a substance from the group of N, N'-diphenyleoxamides in a concentration of 0-20%.

Vorzugsweise weist das aufgebrachte Mittel neben einem Polymer-Anteil von 10-99% mindestens einen der folgenden Inhaltsstoffe in der genannten Konzentration (Vol-%) auf:

  • einen Stoff aus der Gruppe der Benzophenone in einer Konzentration von 0 - 15%
  • einen Stoff aus der Gruppe der Benzotrialzole in einer Konzentration von 0 - 15%.
In addition to a polymer content of 10-99%, the applied agent preferably has at least one of the following ingredients in the stated concentration (% by volume):
  • a substance from the group of benzophenones in a concentration of 0 - 15%
  • a substance from the group of benzotrialzenes in a concentration of 0 - 15%.

Weiterhin ist das aufgebrachte Mittel vorzugsweise so beschaffen, dass es, insbesondere nach dem Bestrahlen mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung, insbesondere von weniger als 300 nm, vorzugsweise von weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 200 nm, innerhalb von weniger als 3 Minuten, bevorzugt innerhalb von weniger als 1 Minute, besonders bevorzugt innerhalb von weniger als einer halben Minute, verdampft.Furthermore, the agent applied is preferably such that, especially after irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, in particular less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm, within less than 3 minutes evaporated within less than 1 minute, particularly preferably within less than half a minute.

Je schneller das Mittel nach seinem Auftrag bzw. nach der oben genannten Bestrahlung wieder von der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht verdampft, desto schneller kann zum nächsten Bearbeitungsschritt gewechselt werden, was Vorteile in der Taktzeit bzw. der Produktionsgeschwindigkeit mit sich bringt.The faster the agent evaporates again from the surface of the liquid layer after it has been applied or after the abovementioned irradiation, the faster it is possible to switch to the next processing step, which has advantages in terms of cycle time and production speed.

Besonders bevorzugt ist ein weiterer Schritt bei der Abarbeitung des Verfahrens vorgesehen, in dem die Verdampfung des Mittels innerhalb von weniger als 3 Minuten, bevorzugt innerhalb von weniger als 1 Minute, besonders bevorzugt innerhalb von weniger als einer halben Minute, durchgeführt wird.A further step in the processing of the method is particularly preferably provided in which the evaporation of the agent is carried out within less than 3 minutes, preferably within less than 1 minute, particularly preferably within less than half a minute.

Ein derartiger Verdampfungsschritt kann insbesondere derart ausgebildet sein, dass das Werkstück mit dem auf der flüssigen Schicht aufgebrachten Mittel durch einen entsprechend eingerichteten Streckenabschnitt befördert wird, welcher spezielle Verdampfungsbedingungen für das Mittel aufweist.Such an evaporation step can in particular be designed in such a way that the workpiece with the agent applied to the liquid layer is conveyed through a correspondingly configured section of the route which has special evaporation conditions for the agent.

Die Verdampfung des Mittels kann dabei insbesondere aktiv erfolgen, wobei das Mittel durch Schaffung von speziellen Bedingungen verdampft wird. So kann das Mittel insbesondere mittels Anströmung mit einem Fluid, insbesondere mit Luft, und/oder durch Zuführung von Wärme, insbesondere mittels IR-Strahlung oder durch Verwendung einer Heizung, verdampft werden.The evaporation of the agent can in particular take place actively, the agent being evaporated by creating special conditions. Thus, the agent can be evaporated, in particular by means of an inflow with a fluid, in particular air, and / or by supplying heat, in particular by means of IR radiation or by using a heater.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Mittel auch alleine und ohne weitere Bearbeitung verdampfen. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Transport des Werkstücks auf einem freien Streckenabschnitt eines Bandtransports erfolgen, und/oder durch Lagern des Werkstücks, wobei die weitere Verarbeitung nach der Verdampfung erfolgt.Alternatively or additionally, the agent can also evaporate alone and without further processing. This can be done, for example, by transporting the workpiece on a free section of a belt conveyor and / or by storing the workpiece, the further processing taking place after evaporation.

Vorzugsweise geht das Mittel beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche bzw. bei Kontakt mit der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht mit dieser eine chemische Reaktion dergestalt ein, dass an den Stellen eine optische und/oder haptische Änderung der Oberfläche erfolgt.The agent preferably enters into a chemical reaction when it strikes the surface or when it comes into contact with the surface of the liquid layer in such a way that there is an optical and / or haptic change in the surface at the points.

Dies kann vorzugsweise durch Polymerbildung der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht zusammen mit dem Mittel erfolgen, wobei diese insbesondere durch Bestrahlung mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung ausgelöst und/oder verstärkt wird. Die Polymerbildung verändert beispielsweise die Reflexionseigenschaft der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht und/oder deren Rauheit.This can preferably be done by polymer formation of the surface of the liquid layer together with the agent, this being triggered and / or intensified in particular by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation. The polymer formation changes, for example, the reflective property of the surface of the liquid layer and / or its roughness.

Besonders bevorzugt ist ein chemischer Reaktionsschritt vorgesehen, der so ausgestaltet ist, dass der chemischen Reaktion zwischen Mittel und Schicht genügend Zeit gegeben wird, dass diese chemische Reaktion zumindest teilweise abläuft.A chemical reaction step is particularly preferably provided which is designed such that the chemical reaction between the agent and the layer is given sufficient time for this chemical reaction to take place at least partially.

Ein derartiger chemischer Reaktionsschritt kann insbesondere derart ausgebildet sein, dass das Werkstück mit dem auf der flüssigen Schicht aufgebrachten Mittel durch einen entsprechend eingerichteten Streckenabschnitt befördert wird, welcher spezielle Reaktionsbedingungen für das Mittel und die flüssige Schicht aufweist.Such a chemical reaction step can in particular be designed in such a way that the workpiece with the agent applied to the liquid layer is conveyed through an appropriately set-up section which has special reaction conditions for the agent and the liquid layer.

Dies kann beispielsweise durch Zuführung von Wärme, insbesondere mittels IR-Strahlung oder durch Verwendung einer Heizung, erreicht werden.This can be achieved, for example, by supplying heat, in particular by means of IR radiation, or by using a heater.

Vorzugsweise ist die chemische Reaktion so ausgebildet, dass beim Auftreffen oder im weiteren Kontakt zwischen Mittel und flüssiger Schicht ein Reaktionsprodukt entsteht, das eine Absorptionseigenschaft gegenüber elektromagnetischer Strahlung aufweist.The chemical reaction is preferably designed in such a way that a reaction product which has an absorption property with respect to electromagnetic radiation is formed on impact or in further contact between the medium and the liquid layer.

Vorzugsweise geht das aufgebrachte Mittel ferner beim Auftreffen auf die Schicht mit dieser eine chemische Reaktion dergestalt ein, dass das Reaktionsprodukt an dieser Stelle durch das Bestrahlen mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, vorzugsweise von weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 200 nm, keine oder eine geringere Mikrostrukturbildung erzielt als auf den Flächen, auf denen kein Mittel auf die Oberfläche aufgebracht wurde.Preferably, the applied agent also undergoes a chemical reaction when it hits the layer such that the reaction product at this point is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably of less than 200 nm, no or less microstructure formation than on the areas on which no agent has been applied to the surface.

Vorzugsweise ist ferner ein weiterer Schritt vorgesehen bei dem die flüssige Schicht auf eine Oberfläche des Werkstücks aufgetragen wird.A further step is preferably also provided in which the liquid layer is applied to a surface of the workpiece.

Dies kann beispielsweise durch einen Walzenauftrag erfolgen, bei dem die Oberfläche des Werkstückes vollflächig, oder über zu strukturierende Teilflächen, mit der flüssigen Schicht beschichtet wird. Alternativ kann der Auftrag auch mittels eines Sprühkopfes erfolgen, welcher mittels Düsen die flüssige Schicht auf die Oberfläche des Werkstücks aufträgt.This can be done, for example, by roller application, in which the surface of the workpiece is coated with the liquid layer over the entire surface or over partial surfaces to be structured. Alternatively, the application can also be carried out by means of a spray head, which applies the liquid layer to the surface of the workpiece by means of nozzles.

Vorzugsweise ist ein weiterer insbesondere zum Auftrag des Mittels zeitgleich ausgeführter Schritt Bestandteil des Verfahrens in dem die flüssige Schicht mittels eines analogen oder digitalen Strukturierungsverfahrens strukturiert wird, wodurch insbesondere eine Struktur der flüssigen Schicht mit 10 bis 50 µm Höhenunterschied erreicht wird.A further step, in particular carried out at the same time for applying the agent, is preferably part of the method in which the liquid layer is structured by means of an analog or digital structuring method, whereby in particular a structure of the liquid layer with a height difference of 10 to 50 μm is achieved.

Vorzugsweise ist ferner ein weiterer Schritt vorgesehen, in dem die flüssige Schicht mittels eines analogen Strukturierungsverfahrens, insbesondere mit einer Prägewalze oder einem Prägeblech strukturiert wird, und/oder mittels analogen oder digitalen Aufbringen, insbesondere mittels eines digitalen Druckkopfes, von Strukturierungströpfchen verdrängt wird, wobei durch die Strukturierung Vertiefungen in die Schicht eingebracht werden.A further step is preferably also provided in which the liquid layer is structured by means of an analog structuring method, in particular with an embossing roller or plate, and / or by means of analog or digital application, in particular by means of a digital printhead, of structuring droplets, whereby by the structuring depressions are introduced into the layer.

Die Strukturierungströpfchen weisen dabei insbesondere ein Volumen von 1 pl bis 80 pl, vorzugsweise von 3 pl bis 12 pl, besonders bevorzugt von 5 pl bis 10 pl auf.The structuring droplets in particular have a volume of 1 pl to 80 pl, preferably 3 pl to 12 pl, particularly preferably 5 pl to 10 pl.

Die Geschwindigkeit der Strukturierungströpfchen beträgt insbesondere zwischen 1 m/s und 12 m/s, vorzugsweise zwischen 3 m/s und 7 m/s, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 5 m/s und 6 m/s.The speed of the structuring droplets is in particular between 1 m / s and 12 m / s, preferably between 3 m / s and 7 m / s, particularly preferably between 5 m / s and 6 m / s.

Die Strukturierungströpfchen bestehen dabei vorzugsweise aus demselben Material wie die flüssige Schicht, so dass durch deren Auftreffen auf die flüssige Schicht lediglich eine physikalisch bedingte Verdrängung zur Strukturierung der flüssigen Schicht erfolgt.The structuring droplets preferably consist of the same material as the liquid layer, so that their impact on the liquid layer only results in a physical displacement for structuring the liquid layer.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich können auch Strukturierungströpfchen aufgebracht werden, die sich in ihrer Zusammensetzung, insbesondere in ihrer Dichte von der flüssigen Schicht unterscheiden. Zudem ist denkbar, diese Strukturierungströpfchen derart auszubilden, dass sie mit der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht chemisch reagieren, um eine optische und/oder haptische Veränderung dieser Oberfläche zu erreichen.As an alternative or in addition, structuring droplets can also be applied which differ from the liquid layer in their composition, in particular in their density. It is also conceivable to design these structuring droplets in such a way that they react chemically with the surface of the liquid layer in order to achieve an optical and / or haptic change to this surface.

Weiterhin ist denkbar, dass die Strukturierung der flüssigen Schicht derart durchgeführt wird, dass diese Struktur möglichst synchron (d.h. mit einer maximalen Abweichung von 2 mm, bevorzugt 1 mm) zu einem unter der flüssigen Schicht auf dem Werkstück aufgebrachten Dekorbildes ausgebildet ist. D. h. ist auf dem Werkstück eine Holzmaserung abgebildet, so wird mit der Strukturierung ebenfalls eine Holzmaserung nachgebildet, die der Maserung des Dekorbildes entspricht. Die Schicht ist dann vorzugsweise spätestens nach der Aushärtung zumindest teilweise transparent, so dass das Dekorbild entsprechend sichtbar wird.It is also conceivable that the structuring of the liquid layer is carried out in such a way that this structure is formed as synchronously as possible (i.e. with a maximum deviation of 2 mm, preferably 1 mm) to a decorative image applied to the workpiece under the liquid layer. That is, If a wood grain is depicted on the workpiece, the wood grain is also reproduced with the structuring, which corresponds to the grain of the decor image. The layer is then preferably at least partially transparent at the latest after curing, so that the decorative image is correspondingly visible.

Vorzugsweise kann auch ein weiterer Schritt vorgesehen sein, in dem beispielsweise mittels Digitaldruck ein Dekorbild auf das Werkstück aufgebracht wird. Alternativ kann auch auf eine strukturierte Schicht, die zumindest teilweise ausgehärtet ist, oder welche eine durch Polymerisation verfestigte Oberfläche aufweist, ein Dekorbild aufgebracht werden. Dieses Dekorbild kann ein- oder mehrfarbig gestaltet sein.A further step can preferably also be provided, in which a decorative image is applied to the workpiece, for example by means of digital printing. Alternatively, a decorative image can also be applied to a structured layer that is at least partially hardened or that has a surface that is solidified by polymerization. This decorative picture can be designed in one or more colors.

Die hier beschriebenen Verfahrensschritte sind nicht beschränkend auf den Gegenstand des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zu sehen. Vielmehr können weitere Verfahren erhalten werden, indem einzelne Schritte vertauscht, wiederholt oder weggelassen werden. Beispielsweise kann auch nach der ersten Beschichtung mit einer flüssigen Schicht eine weitere Beschichtung mit einer flüssigen Schicht erfolgen, welche ebenfalls mattiert wird, um besondere optische Effekte zu erzielen.The method steps described here are not to be seen as limiting the subject matter of the method according to the invention. Rather, other methods can be obtained by swapping, repeating or omitting individual steps. For example, after the first coating with a liquid layer, a further coating with a liquid layer can also be carried out, which is also matted in order to achieve special optical effects.

Erfindungsgemäß ist ferner eine Vorrichtung, die zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignet ist, mit folgenden Elemente vorgesehen:

  • eine Transportvorrichtung mit einer Haupttransportrichtung, wobei die Transportvorrichtung dazu ausgebildet ist, ein Werkstück, das mit einer flüssigen mittels elektromagnetischer Strahlung polymerisierbaren Schicht beschichtet ist, zu weiteren Elementen der Vorrichtung zu transportieren,
  • eine Abgabevorrichtung, die dazu ausgebildet ist, ein Mittel zumindest auf eine Teilfläche der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht aufzubringen, wobei die Abgabevorrichtung mindestens einen digitalen Digitaldruckkopf oder einen Digital-Düsenbalken aufweist, der zur Abgabe des Mittels ausgebildet ist;
  • eine Strahlenquelle, die dazu ausgebildet ist, die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, vorzugsweise weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 200 nm, zu bestrahlen;
  • ein Steuermittel auf, das dazu ausgebildet ist, die Vorrichtung entsprechend der Verfahrensschritte zu steuern.
According to the invention, a device which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention is also provided, having the following elements:
  • a transport device with a main transport direction, the transport device being designed to transport a workpiece which is coated with a liquid layer polymerizable by means of electromagnetic radiation to further elements of the device,
  • a dispenser configured to apply an agent to at least a portion of the surface of the liquid layer, the dispenser comprising at least one digital digital printhead or digital nozzle bar configured to dispense the agent;
  • a radiation source which is designed to irradiate the surface of the liquid layer with electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm;
  • a control means which is designed to control the device in accordance with the method steps.

Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung eine Aushärtungsstation auf, welche unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein kann, um eine Aushärtung der zumindest teilweise flüssigen Schicht zu realisieren.The device preferably has a curing station, which can be designed differently in order to achieve curing of the at least partially liquid layer.

Dazu kann vorzugsweise eine Strahlenquelle vorgesehen sein, die dazu ausgebildet ist, die flüssige Schicht und/oder das aufgebrachte Mittel mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung veränderbarer Wellenlänge, insbesondere mit IR-Strahlung, zumindest bis zu ihrer teilweisen Aushärtung zu bestrahlen.For this purpose, a radiation source can preferably be provided, which is designed to irradiate the liquid layer and / or the applied agent with electromagnetic radiation of variable wavelength, in particular with IR radiation, at least until it is partially cured.

Die Strahlenquelle ist vorzugsweise separat ausgebildet und/oder mit der Strahlenquelle identisch, welche die elektromagnetische Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, vorzugsweise weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 200 nm, abgibt.The radiation source is preferably formed separately and / or is identical to the radiation source which emits the electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Strahlenquelle Elektronenstrahlung veränderbarer Wellenlänge abgeben.Alternatively or additionally, the radiation source can emit electron radiation of variable wavelength.

Ferner weist die Aushärtungsstation vorzugsweise eine Fluidquelle auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, die Schicht, insbesondere mit Luft zu umströmen, wobei das Fluid insbesondere in den Parametern Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und/oder Temperatur und/oder Feuchte beeinflusst werden kann.Furthermore, the curing station preferably has a fluid source which is designed to flow around the layer, in particular with air, it being possible for the fluid to be influenced in particular in the parameters of flow rate and / or temperature and / or moisture.

Ferner weist die Aushärtungsstation vorzugsweise eine Elektronenstrahlquelle auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, die flüssige Schicht und/oder das aufgebrachte Mittel mit Elektronenstrahlung zumindest bis zu ihrer teilweisen Aushärtung zu bestrahlen.Furthermore, the curing station preferably has an electron beam source, which is designed to irradiate the liquid layer and / or the applied agent with electron radiation at least until it is partially cured.

Ferner weist die Aushärtungsstation vorzugsweise eine Trocknungsstation auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, das Werkstück bis zum zumindest teilweisen Aushärten der Schicht aufzunehmen und insbesondere mittels einer Heizquelle eine vorbestimmte Trocknungstemperatur bereitzustellen, der das Werkstück mit der Schicht ausgesetzt werden kann.Furthermore, the curing station preferably has a drying station which is designed to receive the workpiece until the layer has at least partially cured and, in particular, to provide a predetermined drying temperature by means of a heating source, to which the workpiece with the layer can be exposed.

Die Vorrichtung weist weiterhin ein Steuermittel auf, das dazu ausgebildet ist, die Vorrichtung entsprechend der Verfahrensschritte zu steuern. Dabei kann es sich beispielsweise um eine elektronisch gesteuerte Steuereinheit, insbesondere ein Steuergerät handeln, das zur Übertragung elektronischer Steuersignale an die weiteren Elemente der Vorrichtung und vorzugsweise zum Empfang von Signalen der weiteren Elemente der Vorrichtung ausgebildet ist. So können beispielsweise Rückmeldungen über die aktuell abgegebene Tröpfchenmenge oder deren Geschwindigkeit und weitere Informationen das Verfahren betreffend an das Steuermittel übertragen werden, wodurch dieses Informationen zur aktuellen Durchführung des Verfahrens erhält und entsprechend angepasste Steuersignale bereitstellen kann.The device further has a control means which is designed to control the device in accordance with the method steps. This can be, for example, an electronically controlled control unit, in particular a control unit, which is designed to transmit electronic control signals to the further elements of the device and preferably to receive signals from the further elements of the device. For example, feedback about the currently dispensed amount of droplets or their speed and further information relating to the method can be transmitted to the control means, whereby the control means receives information about the current implementation of the method and can provide appropriately adapted control signals.

Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung weiterhin einen Reaktionsbereich auf, der dazu ausgebildet ist, ein Verdampfen und/oder eine chemische Reaktion zu ermöglichen, wobei der Reaktionsbereich insbesondere als Bereich ausgebildet ist, durch den die Transportvorrichtung das Werkstück transportiert, und dessen Ausdehnung und die Transportgeschwindigkeit so aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass ein Verdampfen und/oder eine Reaktion zumindest teilweise ermöglicht werden. Beispielsweise kann es sich dabei um eine Kammer halten, durch die das Werkstück, welches auch bahnförmig ausgebildet sein kann, transportiert wird.The device preferably furthermore has a reaction area which is designed to enable evaporation and / or a chemical reaction, the reaction area being in particular formed as a area through which the transport device transports the workpiece, and its expansion and the transport speed so one another are coordinated so that evaporation and / or a reaction are at least partially made possible. For example, it can be a chamber through which the workpiece, which can also be in the form of a web, is transported.

Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung weiterhin eine Schutzgaskammer auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, das Werkstück und/oder die Schicht und/oder das Mittel zumindest auf einer Teilstrecke während des Transports mit einem Schutzgas, insbesondere einem Inertgas, vorzugsweise Stickstoff, zu umgeben. Somit wird ermöglicht, eine Atmosphäre zu schaffen, die eine chemische Reaktion der Schicht mit dem Mittel oder eine Polymerisation durch elektromagnetische Strahlung nicht beeinflusst.The device preferably also has a protective gas chamber which is designed to surround the workpiece and / or the layer and / or the agent at least on a partial route during the transport with a protective gas, in particular an inert gas, preferably nitrogen. This makes it possible to create an atmosphere which does not influence a chemical reaction of the layer with the agent or a polymerization by electromagnetic radiation.

Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung weiterhin eine Auftragsvorrichtung auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, die flüssige Schicht auf das Werkstück aufzutragen. Diese Auftragsvorrichtung weist dabei insbesondere ein Walzwerk auf, das dazu ausgebildet ist, das Werkstück mit einer flüssigen Schicht zu beschichten. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann auch ein Sprühkopf vorgesehen sein, welcher mittels Düsen die flüssige Schicht auf die Oberfläche des Werkstücks aufträgt.The device preferably also has an application device which is designed to apply the liquid layer to the workpiece. This application device has, in particular, a rolling mill which is designed to coat the workpiece with a liquid layer. Alternatively or additionally, a spray head can also be provided, which applies the liquid layer to the surface of the workpiece by means of nozzles.

Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung weiterhin ein Strukturierungselement auf, das dazu ausgebildet ist, in die flüssige Schicht eine Struktur einzubringen. Dabei kann es sich vorzugsweise um eine analoge Prägewalze oder um ein Prägeblech handeln, worauf eine Struktur mittels Erhebungen vorgesehen ist, welche durch Eindrücken in die flüssige Schicht auf diese übertragen werden kann. Alternativ oder zusätzlich weist das Strukturierungselement mindestens einen Digitaldruckkopf auf, welcher dazu ausgebildet ist, Strukturierungströpfchen auf die flüssige Schicht aufzubringen. Der Digitaldruckkopf ist dabei vorzugsweise in der Lage Impuls und/oder Volumen und/oder Geschwindigkeit der Strukturierungströpfchen derart anzupassen, so dass die Strukturierungströpfchen durch ihr Auftreffen auf der flüssigen Schicht einen Strukturierungseffekt, insbesondere durch Verdrängen der flüssigen Schicht, erzielen.The device preferably also has a structuring element which is designed to introduce a structure into the liquid layer. This can preferably be an analog embossing roller or an embossing plate, on which a structure is provided by means of elevations, which can be transferred to the liquid layer by being pressed into it. Alternatively or additionally, the structuring element has at least one digital print head, which is designed to apply structuring droplets to the liquid layer. The digital print head is preferably capable of the pulse and / or volume and / or speed of the structuring droplets in this way to adapt so that the structuring droplets achieve a structuring effect by hitting the liquid layer, in particular by displacing the liquid layer.

Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung weiterhin eine Auftragsvorrichtung zum Auftrag eines Dekorbildes auf, mit mindestens einem Digitaldruckkopf der dazu ausgebildet ist, Farbe auf die Oberfläche der Schicht und/oder des Werkstücks aufzutragen. So ist es möglich, die Oberfläche des Werkstückes und/oder der Schicht mit einem Dekorbild zu versehen.The device preferably also has an application device for applying a decorative image, with at least one digital print head which is designed to apply color to the surface of the layer and / or the workpiece. It is thus possible to provide the surface of the workpiece and / or the layer with a decorative image.

Vorzugsweise weist die Transportvorrichtung ein Transportband auf, wobei die oben beschriebenen Elemente der Vorrichtung nacheinander in der Haupttransportrichtung angeordnet sind. Dabei kann insbesondere über die Anordnungsreihenfolge eine Abarbeitungsreihenfolge der Verfahrensschritte vorgegeben werden.The transport device preferably has a transport belt, the elements of the device described above being arranged one after the other in the main transport direction. In this case, a processing sequence of the method steps can be specified in particular via the arrangement sequence.

Vorzugsweise weist die Abgabevorrichtung mindestens einen digitalen Digitaldruckkopf auf, der zur Abgabe des Mittels ausgebildet ist. Der Digitaldruckkopf ist vorzugsweise so ausgebildet, dass er das Mittel wahlweise in Form von feinen Tröpfchen oder Tröpfchen auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht abgeben kann. Vorzugsweise ist er weiterhin dazu ausgebildet, insbesondere Volumen, Geschwindigkeit und/oder Impuls der feinen Töpfchen und/oder Tröpfchen entsprechend einer Vorgabe, beispielsweise aus dem Steuermittel, zu dosieren.The dispensing device preferably has at least one digital digital printhead which is designed to dispense the agent. The digital print head is preferably designed such that it can deliver the agent either in the form of fine droplets or droplets onto the surface of the liquid layer. It is also preferably designed to meter in particular the volume, speed and / or pulse of the fine pots and / or droplets in accordance with a specification, for example from the control means.

Vorzugsweise weist der Reaktionsbereich spezielle Randbedingungen auf, die zum Auslösen eines Verdampfens und/oder einer chemischen Reaktion nötig sind.The reaction area preferably has special boundary conditions which are necessary for triggering evaporation and / or a chemical reaction.

Vorzugsweise erstreckt sich der Reaktionsbereich zumindest über einen Teil der Schutzgaskammer. So wird vorteilhafterweise erreicht, dass die Reaktion zumindest teilweise unter Schutzgas abläuft, so dass der Einfluss unerwünschter chemischer Bestandteile insbesondere der Umgebungsluft minimiert wird.The reaction area preferably extends over at least part of the protective gas chamber. In this way, it is advantageously achieved that the reaction takes place at least partially under protective gas, so that the influence of undesired chemical components, in particular of the ambient air, is minimized.

Die hier beschriebenen Vorrichtungselemente sind nicht beschränkend auf den Gegenstand der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zu sehen. Vielmehr können weitere Vorrichtungen erhalten werden, indem einzelne Elemente vertauscht, vervielfacht oder weggelassen werden. Beispielsweise kann auch nach der ersten Beschichtung und Mattierung mit einer flüssigen Schicht eine weitere Beschichtung mit einer flüssigen Schicht erfolgen, welche ebenfalls mattiert wird, um besondere optische Effekte zu erzielen.The device elements described here are not to be seen as limiting the subject matter of the device according to the invention. Rather, further devices can be obtained by swapping, multiplying or omitting individual elements. For example, after the first coating and matting with a liquid layer, a further coating with a liquid layer can also be carried out, which is also matted in order to achieve special optical effects.

Im Weiteren erfolgt die Beschreibung konkreter Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung unter Zuhilfenahme der beigefügten Zeichnungen. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
ein Werkstück das mit einer flüssigen Schicht beschichtet ist und auf das ein Mittel in Form von Tröpfchen aufgetragen wird;
Figur 2
das Werkstück in einer Schutzgaskammer, in der es mittels einer Lampe mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung bestrahlt wird;
Figur 3
das Werkstück mit unterschiedlichen Mattierungsgraden der aufgetragenen Schicht;
Figur 4
die Einwirkung der elektromagnetischen Strahlung auf die flüssige Schicht und auf das aufgetragene Mittel;
Figur 5
eine weitere Ausführungsform, in der das Mittel lediglich auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht aufgetragen wurde, ohne diese in ihrer Struktur zu verändern;
Figur 6
ein alternatives Werkstück als Bahnware
Figur 7
ein Ablaufdiagramm einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
Figur 8
einen schematischen Aufbau einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.
Furthermore, specific exemplary embodiments of the invention are described with the aid of the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Figure 1
a workpiece which is coated with a liquid layer and onto which an agent in the form of droplets is applied;
Figure 2
the workpiece in a protective gas chamber in which it is irradiated by means of a lamp with electromagnetic radiation;
Figure 3
the workpiece with different degrees of matting of the applied layer;
Figure 4
the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the liquid layer and on the applied agent;
Figure 5
a further embodiment in which the agent has only been applied to the surface of the liquid layer without changing its structure;
Figure 6
an alternative workpiece as a web product
Figure 7
a flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention;
Figure 8
a schematic structure of a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention.

In Figur 1 ist ein Werkstück 1, dargestellt mit einer darauf aufgetragenen flüssigen Schicht 2 sowie einem Mittel, das in Form von Tröpfchen 3 aus darüber angeordneten digitalen Druckköpfen 4 auf die Schicht 2 gespritzt wurde. Das Werkstück 1 wird dabei in einer Transportrichtung unter den Druckköpfen 4 von rechts nach links bewegt, so dass die Druckköpfe 4 die Tröpfchen 3 in unterschiedliche Stellen auf die flüssige Schicht 2 aufbringen können.In Figure 1 is a workpiece 1, shown with a liquid layer 2 applied thereon and an agent which has been sprayed onto the layer 2 in the form of droplets 3 from digital print heads 4 arranged above it. The workpiece 1 is moved in a transport direction under the print heads 4 from right to left, so that the print heads 4 can apply the droplets 3 to the liquid layer 2 in different places.

Das Mittel ist dazu ausgebildet, elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise zu absorbieren. So kann erreicht werden, dass Teile der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2, die mit dem Mittel bedeckt sind, von dem direkten Einfluss elektromagnetischer Strahlung zumindest teilweise abgeschirmt werden können.The device is designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation. It can thus be achieved that parts of the surface of the liquid layer 2 that are covered with the agent can be at least partially shielded from the direct influence of electromagnetic radiation.

Es ist erkennbar, dass die Tröpfchen 3 beim Auftreffen auf die flüssige Schicht 2 Vertiefungen erzeugt haben, wobei die flüssige Schicht 2 in ihrer Viskosität so beschaffen ist, dass sich diese Vertiefungen nicht sofort wieder zurückbilden. Somit kann durch den Auftrag der Tröpfchen 3 eine zumindest über einen gewissen Zeitraum von weniger als 5 Minuten, bevorzugt weniger als 3 Minuten bestehende Strukturierung der flüssigen Schicht 2 erreicht werden, welche durch abschließendes Aushärten dauerhaft verfestigt werden kann.It can be seen that the droplets 3 produced depressions when they hit the liquid layer 2, the viscosity of the liquid layer 2 being such that these depressions do not immediately recede. Thus, by applying the droplets 3 a structuring of the liquid layer 2 existing at least over a certain period of less than 5 minutes, preferably less than 3 minutes, which can be permanently solidified by subsequent curing.

In Figur 2 befindet sich dieses Werkstück 1 mit der flüssigen Schicht 2 in einer Schutzgaskammer 24, die überwiegend eine Stickstoffatmosphäre im Inneren 5 aufweist, um Sauerstoffatome bzw. Sauerstoffmoleküle von der Oberfläche der Schicht 2 fernzuhalten, um unerwünschte chemische Reaktionen mit Sauerstoff der Luft zu erschweren.In Figure 2 is this workpiece 1 with the liquid layer 2 in a protective gas chamber 24, which predominantly has a nitrogen atmosphere in the interior 5, in order to keep oxygen atoms or oxygen molecules away from the surface of the layer 2, in order to make undesired chemical reactions with oxygen in the air more difficult.

Die Oberfläche der Schicht 2 weist hier eine Struktur auf, welche durch die Tröpfchen 3, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt, erzeugt wurde. Die Tröpfchen 3 befinden sich dabei noch in den Vertiefungen.The surface of the layer 2 here has a structure which is characterized by the droplets 3, as in FIG Figure 1 represented, was generated. The droplets 3 are still in the depressions.

Ferner ist eine Strahlenquelle 6 für elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a vorgesehen, unter der das Werkstück 1 mit der flüssigen und durch die Vertiefungen strukturierten Schicht 2 hindurchbewegt wird. Die Strahlenquelle 6 ist so ausgebildet, dass sie die elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 abgibt. Dabei weist die elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a beispielsweise eine Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, vorzugsweise weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 200 nm, auf.Furthermore, a radiation source 6 for electromagnetic radiation 6a is provided, under which the workpiece 1 with the liquid layer 2 structured through the depressions is moved. The radiation source 6 is designed such that it emits the electromagnetic radiation 6a onto the surface of the liquid layer 2. The electromagnetic radiation 6a has, for example, a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm.

Anstatt Stickstoff kann auch eine andere Inertgasatmosphäre im Inneren 5 der Schutzgaskammer 24 ausgebildet sein, die dazu geeignet ist, insbesondere Sauerstoffatome und/oder-moleküle von der Oberfläche der Schicht 2 fernzuhalten.Instead of nitrogen, another inert gas atmosphere can also be formed in the interior 5 of the protective gas chamber 24, which is suitable for keeping oxygen atoms and / or molecules in particular away from the surface of the layer 2.

Die Schutzgaskammer 24 kann als abgeschlossener Raum ausgebildet sein, oder auch als Bereich, durch den ein Werkstück 1 hindurchbewegt wird. Dies ist insbesondere für bahnförmige Werkstücke 1 von Vorteil,The protective gas chamber 24 can be designed as a closed space or as an area through which a workpiece 1 is moved. This is particularly advantageous for web-shaped workpieces 1,

Figur 3 zeigt die flüssige Schicht 2 auf dem Werkstück 1 nach der Bestrahlung mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung 6a aus der Strahlenquelle 6. Die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 ist an verschiedenen Stellen stärker oder weniger stark polymerisiert. Figure 3 shows the liquid layer 2 on the workpiece 1 after irradiation with electromagnetic radiation 6a from the radiation source 6. The surface of the liquid layer 2 is polymerized more or less strongly at various points.

An den Stellen 7 konnte die elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a ungehindert auf die Oberfläche der Schicht 2 treffen, wodurch hier eine stärkere Polymerisation stattgefunden hat. Die Oberfläche ist an dieser Stelle, zumindest im Mikro- oder Nanobereich, rauer geworden, da sich die Moleküle der flüssigen Schicht 2 nahe der Oberfläche aufgrund der elektromagnetischen Bestrahlung 6a stärker vernetzt haben. Daher wird Licht das auf diese Stellen 7 fällt nun in mehrere Richtungen, also diffus reflektiert, wodurch ein höherer Mattheitsgrad dieser Stellen 7 erreicht wird.At points 7, the electromagnetic radiation 6a could hit the surface of the layer 2 unhindered, as a result of which a stronger polymerization took place here. At this point, the surface has become rougher, at least in the micro or nano range, since the molecules of the liquid layer 2 near the surface have become more cross-linked due to the electromagnetic radiation 6a. Therefore light that falls on these points 7 is now reflected in several directions, ie diffusely, whereby a higher degree of mattness of these points 7 is achieved.

Im Gegensatz dazu konnte die elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a die Stellen 8 der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 nicht direkt erreichen, da diese, wie in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellt, mit dem Mittel in Form von Tröpfchen 3 bedeckt waren. Das Mittel ist mittlerweile nicht mehr auf der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 vorhanden, da es beispielsweise verdunstet ist.In contrast, the electromagnetic radiation 6a could not reach the locations 8 of the surface of the liquid layer 2 directly, since these, as in FIGS Figures 1 and 2 shown with which means in the form of droplets 3 were covered. The agent is no longer present on the surface of the liquid layer 2 since it has evaporated, for example.

Das Mittel hat jedoch an den tiefergelegenen Stellen 8 die elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise absorbiert, so dass, eine Polymerisation der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 hier nicht in gleichem Maße stattfinden konnte wie an den Stellen 7. Im Ergebnis sind die tiefergelegenen Stellen 8 daher weniger rau, zumindest im Mikro- oder Nanobereich, wodurch eine Reflexion einfallenden Lichtes weniger stark gestreut wird. Die Stellen 8 wirken daher im Vergleich zu den Stellen 7 glänzender.However, the agent at least partially absorbed the electromagnetic radiation at the lower points 8, so that polymerization of the surface of the liquid layer 2 could not take place here to the same extent as at the points 7. As a result, the lower points 8 are therefore less rough , at least in the micro or nano range, which means that a reflection of incident light is scattered less strongly. The digits 8 therefore appear more shiny than the digits 7.

Figur 4 zeigt in der unteren Darstellung einen Ausschnitt, welcher in der oberen Darstellung durch die beiden senkrechten gestrichelten Linien markiert ist, aus der Schicht 2 auf dem Werkstück 1 und dem darauf aufgespritzten Mittel in Form von Tröpfchen 3, welche die elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a an den Stellen der Tröpfchen 3 zumindest teilweise absorbieren. Figure 4 shows in the lower representation a section, which is marked in the upper representation by the two vertical dashed lines, from the layer 2 on the workpiece 1 and the agent sprayed thereon in the form of droplets 3 which emit the electromagnetic radiation 6a at the locations of the At least partially absorb droplets 3.

Es ist zu erkennen, dass an Stellen, die nicht mit den Tröpfchen 3 bedeckt sind, die elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a ungehindert auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 treffen kann. Dies ist durch die Länge der Pfeile der elektromagnetischen Strahlung 6a verdeutlicht, welche die Intensität beschreiben, mit der die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 bestrahlt wird.It can be seen that at locations that are not covered with the droplets 3, the electromagnetic radiation 6 a can strike the surface of the liquid layer 2 unhindered. This is illustrated by the length of the arrows of the electromagnetic radiation 6a, which describe the intensity with which the surface of the liquid layer 2 is irradiated.

Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Intensität der elektromagnetischen Strahlung 6a an der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 an Stellen, die mit Tröpfchen 3 bedeckt sind, deutlich geringer, wie an den vergleichsweise kurzen Pfeilen der elektromagnetischen Strahlung 6a unterhalb der Tröpfchen 3 abgelesen werden kann.In contrast to this, the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation 6a on the surface of the liquid layer 2 at locations covered with droplets 3 is significantly lower, as can be seen from the comparatively short arrows of the electromagnetic radiation 6a below the droplets 3.

Figur 5 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform, in der das Mittel lediglich auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht aufgetragen wurde, ohne diese in ihrer Struktur zu verändern. Figure 5 shows a further embodiment, in which the agent was only applied to the surface of the liquid layer without changing its structure.

Das Mittel ist hier in Form von feinen Tröpfchen 3a aufgetragen, die derart auf die flüssige Schicht aufgebracht wurden, dass sie nicht in die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 einsinken bzw. diese auch nicht verdrängen und Vertiefungen einbringen. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, dass die feinen Tröpfchen 3a in ihrem Volumen und/oder in ihrer Auftreffgeschwindigkeit so angepasst werden, dass die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht nicht durch diese verändert wird.The agent is applied here in the form of fine droplets 3a which have been applied to the liquid layer in such a way that they do not sink into the surface of the liquid layer 2 or do not displace it and introduce depressions. This can be achieved, for example, by adapting the fine droplets 3a in their volume and / or in their impact speed so that the surface of the liquid layer is not changed by it.

Dabei kann ein Impuls der feinen Tröpfchen 3a derart eingestellt werden, dass dieser nicht ausreichend ist, die Oberflächenspannung der flüssigen Schicht 2 zu durchbrechen, wodurch die feinen Tröpfchen 3a nicht in die flüssige Schicht 2 einsinken, und/oder dass dieser nicht ausreichend ist, um die Viskositätskräfte der flüssigen Schicht 2 zu überwinden, wodurch keine Vertiefungen in die flüssige Schicht 2 aufgrund der feinen Tröpfchen 3a eingebracht werden.An impulse of the fine droplets 3a can be set such that it is not sufficient to break through the surface tension of the liquid layer 2, thereby the fine droplets 3a do not sink into the liquid layer 2 and / or that this is not sufficient to overcome the viscosity forces of the liquid layer 2, as a result of which no depressions are introduced into the liquid layer 2 due to the fine droplets 3a.

Es ist weiterhin zu erkennen, dass die feinen Tröpfchen 3a so bemessen sind, dass sie einen feinen Schleier auf der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht, zumindest auf Teilflächen davon ausbilden.It can also be seen that the fine droplets 3a are dimensioned such that they form a fine haze on the surface of the liquid layer, at least on partial surfaces thereof.

Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 an unterschiedlichen Stellen unterschiedlich stark einzubringen, da sie an Stellen, welche das Mittel aufweisen, weniger stark in die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht eindringt. Dies ist, vergleichbar zu Figur 4, durch die unterschiedlichen Pfeillängen der elektromagnetischen Strahlung 6a dargestellt. So wird die Oberfläche an Stellen 7, die nicht mit den feinen Tröpfchen 3a bedeckt sind, mit höherer Intensität bestrahlt, als Stellen 8, die durch das Mittel in Form von feinen Tröpfchen 3a oder einem Schleier davon zumindest teilweise von der elektromagnetischen Strahlung 6a abgeschirmt wurden.In this way it is possible to apply electromagnetic radiation 6a to the surface of the liquid layer 2 at different locations to different extents, since it penetrates less into the surface of the liquid layer at locations which have the agent. This is comparable to Figure 4 , represented by the different arrow lengths of the electromagnetic radiation 6a. Thus, the surface at locations 7 that are not covered with the fine droplets 3a is irradiated with higher intensity than locations 8 that have been at least partially shielded from the electromagnetic radiation 6a by the means in the form of fine droplets 3a or a veil thereof .

Figur 6 zeigt ein alternatives Werkstück 1 als Bahnware, welche von einer Rolle 9 abgewickelt wird und ebenfalls mit einer flüssigen Schicht 2 beschichtet wird. Das Werkstück 1 bewegt sich dabei kontinuierlich nach rechts fort, wo sich weitere, oben beschriebene Bearbeitungsschritte (nicht dargestellt) anschließen. Figure 6 shows an alternative workpiece 1 as a web, which is unwound from a roll 9 and is also coated with a liquid layer 2. The workpiece 1 moves continuously to the right, where further processing steps described above (not shown) follow.

Die flüssige Schicht 2 wird in dieser Ausführungsform nach dem Abrollen von der Rolle 9 mittels eines Walzwerkes 10 aufgetragen. Das Mattierungsverfahren kann somit nicht nur auf einzelne flächige Werkstücke, wie Platten, beispielsweise aus Holz, Kunststoff oder Metall, sondern auch auf bahnförmige Werkstücke 1 angewandt werden,In this embodiment, the liquid layer 2 is applied after rolling off the roll 9 by means of a rolling mill 10. The matting process can thus not only be applied to individual flat workpieces, such as plates, for example made of wood, plastic or metal, but also to sheet-like workpieces 1,

Figur 7 zeigt ein Ablaufdiagramm einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Figure 7 shows a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.

In einem ersten Bearbeitungsschritt erfolgt das Auftragen S20 einer flüssigen Schicht auf die Oberfläche eines Werkstückes. Dies kann beispielsweise in der in Figur 6 gezeigten Weise erfolgen.In a first processing step, a liquid layer S20 is applied to the surface of a workpiece. This can, for example, in the in Figure 6 shown way.

Anschließend erfolgt die Strukturierung S22 des so beschichteten Werkstücks, so dass die flüssige Schicht nach Durchführung dieses Schrittes mit einer Struktur versehen ist. Die Strukturierung der flüssigen Schicht kann beispielsweise durch ein analoges Strukturierungsverfahren erfolgen, insbesondere durch mechanische Prägung der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht, indem beispielsweise eine Prägewalze auf der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht abrollt.Structuring S22 of the workpiece coated in this way then takes place, so that the liquid layer is provided with a structure after this step has been carried out. The structuring of the liquid layer can take place, for example, by an analogous structuring method, in particular by mechanical embossing of the surface of the liquid layer, for example by an embossing roller rolling on the surface of the liquid layer.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Strukturierung der flüssigen Schicht auch digital erfolgen, wobei beispielsweise mit digitalen Druckköpfen Tröpfchen auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht aufgebracht werden, welche in diese eindringen und/oder diese verdrängen. Die Tröpfchen sind dabei vorteilhafterweise aus demselben Material wie flüssige Schicht, um lediglich einen Strukturierungseffekt zu erreichen. In einer anderen Ausführungsform können die Tröpfchen aus einem anderen Material als die flüssige Schicht bestehen, wodurch beispielsweise eine chemische Reaktion zwischen flüssiger Schicht und Tröpfchen, insbesondere durch eine spätere Bestrahlung mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung und/oder Elektronenstrahlung und/oder Temperaturerhöhung erreicht werden kann. Die chemische Reaktion ist dabei so ausgebildet, dass deren Reaktionsprodukt einen Strukturierungseffekt auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht hat, wodurch diese optisch und/ oder haptisch verändert wird.As an alternative or in addition, the structuring of the liquid layer can also be carried out digitally, droplets being applied to the surface of the liquid layer, for example using digital printheads, which penetrate and / or displace it. The droplets are advantageously made of the same material as the liquid layer in order to achieve only a structuring effect. In another embodiment, the droplets can be made of a different material than the liquid layer, as a result of which, for example, a chemical reaction between the liquid layer and droplets can be achieved, in particular by later irradiation with electromagnetic radiation and / or electron radiation and / or an increase in temperature. The chemical reaction is designed in such a way that its reaction product has a structuring effect on the surface of the liquid layer, as a result of which it is changed optically and / or haptically.

Befindet sich auf dem Werkstück ein dekoratives Bild, welches durch das Auftragen S20 der flüssigen, insbesondere teilweise transparenten Schicht bedeckt wurde, so wird bei der Strukturierung der Oberfläche erreicht, dass die Struktur synchron zu der durch die flüssige Schicht sichtbaren Abbildung ist.If there is a decorative image on the workpiece, which was covered by the application S20 of the liquid, in particular partially transparent layer, the structuring of the surface ensures that the structure is synchronous with the image visible through the liquid layer.

Das so vorbereitete Werkstück wird anschließend, beispielsweise über einen durchlaufenden Bandtransport, einer digitalen Druckstation zugeführt (S10).The workpiece prepared in this way is then fed to a digital printing station, for example via a continuous belt transport (S10).

Die digitale Druckstation ermöglicht in einem weiteren Schritt S12 das Aufbringen eines Mittels, das dazu ausgebildet ist, elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise zu absorbieren, auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht.In a further step S12, the digital printing station enables an agent which is designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation to be applied to the surface of the liquid layer.

Das Aufbringen S12 des Mittels kann dabei in Form von Tröpfchen erfolgen, die beispielsweise in Geschwindigkeit und Volumen so abgestimmt sind, dass sie die Oberflächenspannung und/oder die Viskositätskräfte der flüssigen Schicht überwinden können, um diese zu strukturieren. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Aufbringen S12 des Mittels in Form von feinen Tröpfchen erfolgen, die so bemessen sind, dass sie die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht nicht verändern, sondern diese lediglich zumindest auf Teilflächen bedecken.The S12 of the agent can be applied in the form of droplets which are coordinated in speed and volume, for example, in such a way that they can overcome the surface tension and / or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer in order to structure it. Alternatively or additionally, the agent S12 can be applied in the form of fine droplets which are dimensioned such that they do not change the surface of the liquid layer, but only cover it at least on partial areas.

Im Anschluss daran erfolgt das Bestrahlen S14 der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht mit hochenergetischer elektromagnetischer Strahlung, wie in Figuren 2, 4 und 5 dargestellt, wobei Teilbereiche der flüssigen Schicht, die mit dem Mittel bedeckt sind, einen Strahlungseinfluss mit verminderter Intensität erfahren, verglichen mit Teilbereichen, welche nicht mit dem Mittel bedeckt sind und stattdessen der Strahlung direkt ausgesetzt sind.This is followed by irradiation S14 of the surface of the liquid layer with high-energy electromagnetic radiation, as in Figures 2 , 4th and 5 shown, partial areas of the liquid layer that are covered with the agent experience a radiation influence with reduced intensity compared to partial areas that are not covered with the agent and instead are directly exposed to the radiation.

Das Bestrahlen S14 der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht führt zu deren Polymerisation bis zu einer bestimmten Eindringtiefe, beispielsweise 0,1 µm, bevorzugt weniger als 0,01 µm, wobei diese, wie in Figur 3 dargestellt, an den Stellen die der Strahlung direkt ausgesetzt waren, stärker erfolgt ist. Diese Stellen sind nach Abschluss des Bestrahlens S14 also matter als die Stellen, welche mit dem Mittel bedeckt waren.Irradiation S14 of the surface of the liquid layer leads to its polymerization to a certain depth of penetration, for example 0.1 μm, preferably less than 0.01 μm, whereby this as in Figure 3 shown, where the radiation was directly exposed to more. After completion of the irradiation S14, these spots are therefore more matt than the spots that were covered with the agent.

Im Anschluss daran wird das aufgebrachte Mittel in einem weiteren Schritt S18 verdampft. Dies kann beispielsweise allein dadurch erfolgen, dass das Mittel beispielsweise mit einer IR-Lampe erwärmt wird, wobei das Mittel vorteilhafterweise eine geringere Verdampfungstemperatur als die flüssige Schicht aufweist.The applied agent is then evaporated in a further step S18. This can be done, for example, solely by heating the agent, for example with an IR lamp, the agent advantageously having a lower evaporation temperature than the liquid layer.

Weist das Mittel hingegen die Eigenschaft auf, dass es sich nach einer gewissen Zeit verflüchtigt, so kann das Verdampfen S18 auch lediglich darin bestehen, dass abgewartet wird, bis sich das Mittel verflüchtigt hat. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch erfolgen, dass das Werkstück vor einer Durchführung des nächsten Verfahrensschrittes auf einem Bandtransport befördert wird, wobei dieser Bandtransport in seiner Länge, Transportgeschwindigkeit und Umgebungstemperatur so ausgelegt ist, dass ein Verdampfen S18 während des Transports ermöglicht wird.If, on the other hand, the agent has the property that it evaporates after a certain time, the evaporation S18 can only consist in waiting until the agent has evaporated. This can be done, for example, in that the workpiece is transported on a belt conveyor before the next method step is carried out, the length, transport speed and ambient temperature of this belt conveyor being designed such that evaporation S18 is made possible during the transport.

Anschließend erfolgt in einem weiteren Schritt das Aushärten S16 der flüssigen und nun zumindest teilweise mattierten Schicht.The hardening S16 of the liquid and now at least partially matted layer then takes place in a further step.

Dazu kann das Werkstück, insbesondere die flüssige Schicht, erneut mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung, welche aus derselben Strahlenquelle stammt, wie sie in Schritt S14 verwendet wurde, bestrahlt werden. Alternativ können auch weitere Strahlenquellen vorgesehen sein, oder weitere Aushärtungsarten, wie aktive oder passive Lufttrocknung, oder Bestrahlen mit Elektronenstrahlung erfolgen.For this purpose, the workpiece, in particular the liquid layer, can be irradiated again with electromagnetic radiation which comes from the same radiation source as was used in step S14. Alternatively, other radiation sources can also be provided, or other types of curing, such as active or passive air drying, or irradiation with electron beams can take place.

Figur 8 zeigt einen schematischen Aufbau einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 18. Figure 8 shows a schematic structure of a preferred embodiment of a device 18 according to the invention.

Es ist eine Transportvorrichtung 20, welche als Bandtransport ausgebildet ist, gezeigt, auf der ein Werkstück 1 in Transportrichtung 28 transportiert wird. Auf der Oberseite des Werkstücks 1 ist eine flüssige Schicht 2 aufgetragen.A transport device 20 is shown, which is designed as a belt transport, on which a workpiece 1 is transported in the transport direction 28. A liquid layer 2 is applied to the top of the workpiece 1.

Das Werkstück 1 wird im weiteren Transportverlauf in Transportrichtung 28 in eine Schutzgaskammer 24 transportiert. Diese weist eine Schutzgasatmosphäre, insbesondere eine Inertgasatmosphäre, beispielsweise eine Stickstoffatmosphäre, in ihrem Inneren 5 auf, wodurch insbesondere Sauerstoff von der flüssigen Schicht 2 ferngehalten werden kann, wodurch unerwünschte chemische Reaktionen vermieden werden.The workpiece 1 is transported in the transport direction 28 into a protective gas chamber 24 in the further course of the transport. This has a protective gas atmosphere, in particular an inert gas atmosphere, for example a nitrogen atmosphere, in its interior 5, as a result of which oxygen in particular can be kept away from the liquid layer 2, as a result of which undesired chemical reactions are avoided.

Weiterhin sind im Inneren 5 der Schutzgaskammer 24 digitale Druckköpfe 4 vorgesehen, die dazu ausgebildet sind, ein Mittel, das dazu ausgebildet ist, elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise zu absorbieren, auf die flüssige Schicht 2 aufzubringen. Dies geschieht in der gezeigten Darstellung mittels Auftrag von Tröpfchen 3, wobei die digitalen Druckköpfe 4 dazu ausgebildet sind, die Tröpfchenabgabe insbesondere hinsichtlich Tröpfchengeschwindigkeit, -volumen sowie -impuls zu steuern.Furthermore, digital printheads 4 are provided in the interior 5 of the protective gas chamber 24 and are designed to apply a means which is designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation to the liquid layer 2. In the illustration shown, this is done by applying droplets 3, the digital print heads 4 being designed to control the droplet dispensing, in particular with regard to the droplet speed, volume and pulse.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Auftrag des Mittels aus den digitalen Druckköpfen 4 auch in Form von feinen Tröpfchen 3a erfolgen, welche sich möglichst gleichmäßig auf der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 verteilen und insbesondere zu Teilflächen zusammenschließen.As an alternative or in addition, the agent can also be applied from the digital print heads 4 in the form of fine droplets 3a, which are distributed as evenly as possible on the surface of the liquid layer 2 and in particular join together to form partial areas.

Den digitalen Druckköpfen 4 ist eine Strahlenquelle 6 nachgeordnet, die dazu ausgebildet ist, elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a mit einer Wellenlänge von insbesondere weniger als 300 nm, vorzugsweise weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 200 nm, auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 abzustrahlen, um die oben beschriebene Mattierung zu erreichen.Downstream of the digital print heads 4 is a radiation source 6, which is designed to emit electromagnetic radiation 6a with a wavelength of in particular less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm, onto the surface of the liquid layer 2 to achieve the matting described above.

Weiterhin ist ein Steuermittel (nicht gezeigt) vorgesehen, welches dazu ausgebildet ist, die Vorrichtung 18 und ihre Elemente zu steuern, um das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durchzuführen.Furthermore, a control means (not shown) is provided which is designed to control the device 18 and its elements in order to carry out the method according to the invention.

Die hier dargestellten Ausführungsformen wirken nicht beschränkend auf den Gegenstand der Erfindung. Vielmehr sind weitere Ausführungsformen denkbar. So kann das in Figur 7 beschriebene Verfahren auch weitere Verfahrensschritte aufweisen, oder es können einzelne Verfahrensschritte vertauscht oder weggelassen werden. Nachfolgend sollen anhand weiterer konkreter Ausführungsbeispiele weitere Aspekte der Erfindung konkretisiert werden.The embodiments shown here do not restrict the subject matter of the invention. Rather, further embodiments are conceivable. So it can be in Figure 7 described methods also have further method steps, or individual method steps can be interchanged or omitted. In the following, further aspects of the invention are to be concretized on the basis of further specific exemplary embodiments.

Ausführungsbeispiel 1:Example 1:

Eine HDF-Platte wird mit einem weißen Druckgrund beschichtet. Die so beschichtete Platte wird einem Digitaldrucker (in einer alternativen Ausführungsform auch einer rotativen Druckmaschine mit mehreren Farben) zugeführt und dekorativ mit einem beispielsweise Holzdekor bedruckt. Auf diese so bedruckte dekorative Schicht kann in einer alternativen Ausführungsform noch eine Zwischenschicht an Lack oder Primer, idealerweise transparent, aufgetragen werden. Danach wird eine flüssige Schicht 2 mit einer Schichtstärke von 50-80 µm aufgetragen. Diese Schicht kann in einer Walzenauftragsmaschine oder in einer alternativen Ausführungsform auch in einer Spritzmaschine aufgetragen werden. Die Schicht besteht aus einem UV-härtenden Acrylatgemisch. Die so beschichtete HDF-Platte wird einer weiteren Druckstation zugeführt, in der aus digitalen Druckköpfen Tröpfchen 3 auf Teile der Oberfläche aufgesprüht werden. Diese Tröpfchen bestehen in der hier dargestellten Ausführungsform aus einem wässrigen Gemisch, beinhaltend insbesondere folgende KomponentenAn HDF board is coated with a white printing background. The plate coated in this way is fed to a digital printer (in an alternative embodiment also a rotary printing machine with several colors) and printed decoratively with a wood decor, for example. In an alternative embodiment, an intermediate layer of lacquer or primer, ideally transparent, can be applied to this decorative layer printed in this way. Then a liquid layer 2 is applied with a layer thickness of 50-80 microns. This layer can be applied in a roller application machine or, in an alternative embodiment, also in a spraying machine. The layer consists of a UV-curing acrylate mixture. The HDF plate coated in this way is fed to a further printing station, in which droplets 3 are sprayed onto parts of the surface from digital print heads. In the embodiment shown here, these droplets consist of an aqueous mixture, including in particular the following components

In einer alternativen Ausführungsform können die Tröpfchen auch aus einer lösemittel- oder einer Acrylat-basierenden Flüssigkeit bestehen.In an alternative embodiment, the droplets can also consist of a solvent-based or an acrylate-based liquid.

Die Tröpfchen verändern an den Stellen, an denen Sie auftreffen, die Oberfläche der noch flüssigen Schicht dergestalt, dass sie durch hohe Geschwindigkeit von 4-6 m/sec. die noch flüssige Schicht 2 verdrängen.The droplets at the points where they hit change the surface of the still liquid layer in such a way that they are affected by a high speed of 4-6 m / sec. displace the still liquid layer 2.

Anschließend wird das Werkstück mit der so veränderten flüssigen Schicht 2 einer Strahlenquelle 6 zugeführt, welche elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a mit einer Wellenlänge von < 250 nm auf die Oberfläche abgibt. Diese elektromagnetische Strahlung wird zumindest teilweise von den Tröpfchen 3 absorbiert und trifft auf die darunterliegende Schicht 2. Diese Schicht 2 beginnt in ihrer Oberfläche zu polymerisieren und sich dadurch zu falten (vgl. Bezugszeichen 7 aus Fig. 3. In den tieferliegenden Stellen, in denen die Tröpfchen 3 die elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise absorbiert haben, entsteht eine geringere Polymerisation und damit eine geringere Faltung an den Stellen 8 in Fig. 3.The workpiece with the liquid layer 2 modified in this way is then fed to a radiation source 6 which emits electromagnetic radiation 6a with a wavelength of <250 nm onto the surface. This electromagnetic radiation is at least partially absorbed by the droplets 3 and strikes the layer 2 underneath. This layer 2 begins to polymerize in its surface and thereby fold (see reference number 7) Fig. 3 . In the lower-lying places, in which the droplets 3 have at least partially absorbed the electromagnetic radiation, there is less polymerization and thus less folding at the places 8 in Fig. 3 .

Dadurch ergibt sich das gewünschte Produkt mit unterschiedlichen Glanzgraden bzw. Mattheiten in den Poren oder außerhalb der Poren. Anschließend wird das Werkstück noch einer weiteren UV-Strahlenquelle mit einer Wellenlänge > 300 nm zugeführt, um die darunterliegende, noch flüssige Schicht 2, insbesondere Acrylatschicht, vollständig auszuhärten.This results in the desired product with different gloss levels or mattness in the pores or outside the pores. The workpiece is then fed to yet another UV radiation source with a wavelength> 300 nm in order to completely harden the underlying, still liquid layer 2, in particular the acrylate layer.

Claims (15)

  1. A method for producing a decorative surface on a workpiece (1), comprising the following steps:
    - feeding (S10) of the workpiece (1) coated with a liquid layer (2) which is polymerizable by electromagnetic radiation to a digital printing station;
    - application (S12) of an agent capable of at least partially absorbing electromagnetic radiation, by the digital printing station at least on a partial area of the surface of the liquid layer (2), or which, in contact with the surface, produces a reaction product which is capable of at least partially absorbing electromagnetic radiation;
    - irradiation (S14) of the surface of the liquid layer (2) and of the agent with electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm.
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that
    the agent is sprayed onto the liquid layer (2), in particular by means of a digital print head (4) or a digital nozzle bar, in the form of fine droplets (3a) and/or applied in the form of droplets (3), wherein the fine droplets (3a) have a volume of 0,1 pl to 1 pl, preferably from 0.3 pl to 0.8 pl, especially preferably from 0.5 to 0.6 pl, and/or the droplets (3) have a volume of 1 pl to 80 pl, preferably from 3 pl to 12 pl, especially preferably from 5 pl to 10 pl, and/or
    the chemical and/or physical properties of the agent are such that it absorbs at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 50%, of incident electromagnetic radiation.
  3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that
    the droplets (3) and/or the fine droplets (3a) are dispensed in such a way that upon impact on the surface of the liquid layer (2) they at least partially penetrate it and/or come to rest on it and/or displace it and introduce depressions, wherein the droplets (3) and/or the fine droplets (3a) are adapted in volume and/or speed in order to influence the penetration depth and the displacement.
  4. The method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that
    the formation of a microstructure or nanostructure is carried out by irradiation (S14) of the surface of the liquid layer (2) with the electromagnetic radiation in the surface of the uppermost partial area of the liquid layer (2), which in the later use of the workpiece (1) scatters light reflection and thus results in an optically more matte impression.
  5. The method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that
    the liquid layer (2) consists of a polymerizable acrylate mixture, and/or
    the applied agent consists of a polymerizable acrylate mixture and/or of a solvent-containing liquid or of an aqueous mixture, in particular with a water content of more than 30%, preferably more than 50%.
  6. The method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that
    in a further step, curing (S16) of the layer (2) is carried out, preferably by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, having a wavelength preferably greater than 250 nm, particularly preferably greater than 300 nm, and/or by irradiation with electron radiation and/or by active and/or passive drying and/or by reaction curing, for example using a two-component system.
  7. The method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that
    the applied agent consists only of water or, in addition to water having a total content of 10 - 99%, contains at least one of the following ingredients in the indicated concentration (vol%):
    - a substance from the group of hindered amines in a concentration of 0-20%
    - a substance from the group of N,N'-diphenyleoxamides in a concentration of 0 - 20% and/or
    the applied agent comprises, in addition to an alcohol and/or a glycol having a total content (alcohol and/or glycol) of 10 - 99%, at least one of the following ingredients in the indicated concentration (vol%):
    - a substance from the group of hindered amines in a concentration of 0-20%
    - a substance from the group of N,N'-diphenyleoxamides in a concentration of 0 - 20%, and/or
    the applied agent comprises, in addition to a polymer content of 10-99%, at least one of the following ingredients in the indicated concentration (vol%):
    - a substance from the group of benzophenones in a concentration of 0 - 15%
    - a substance from the group of benzotrialzoles in a concentration of 0 - 15%.
  8. The method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that
    the applied agent, especially after irradiation (S14), is capable of evaporating within less than 3 minutes, preferably within less than 1 minute, especially preferably within less than half a minute, and/or
    in that a further step (S18) is provided in which the evaporation of the agent is carried out within less than 3 minutes, preferably within less than 1 minute, particularly preferably within less than half a minute.
  9. The method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that
    upon impact on the surface of the layer (2), the agent undergoes a chemical reaction with the layer (2) in such a way that an optical and/or haptic change of the surface occurs at the respective areas, and/or
    in that a chemical reaction step is provided which is adapted so that the chemical reaction between the applied agent and the layer (2) is given sufficient time for the chemical reaction to at least partially take place.
  10. The method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that
    upon impact on the layer (2), the applied agent undergoes a chemical reaction with the layer (2) such that the reaction product achieves by the irradiation (S14) at this area no or less micro- or nanostructure formation than on the areas on which no agent has been applied to the surface.
  11. The method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that
    in a further step (S20) the liquid layer (2) is applied to a surface of the workpiece (1), and/or
    in a further step (S22) carried out in particular simultaneously with step (S12), the layer (2) is structured by means of an analog structuring method, in particular using an embossing roller, and/or is displaced by means of analog or digital methods by applying further structuring droplets, wherein depressions are introduced into the layer (2), and/or
    in a further step a decorative image is applied, in particular by digital printing, to the surface of the workpiece (1) and/or to the layer (2) which is at least partially cured or which has a surface solidified by polymerization.
  12. An apparatus (18) for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the following elements:
    - a transport device (20) having a transport direction (28), the transport device (20) being adapted to transport a workpiece (1) coated with a liquid layer (2) which is polymerizable by electromagnetic radiation to further elements of the apparatus,
    - a dispenser adapted to apply an agent to at least a partial area of the surface of the liquid layer (2),wherein the dispenser has at least one digital digital print head (4) or a digital nozzle bar adapted to dispense the agent;
    - a radiation source (6) adapted to irradiate the surface of the liquid layer (2) with electromagnetic radiation (6a) having a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm;
    - a control means adapted to control the device in accordance with the method steps.
  13. The apparatus (18) according to claim 12, comprising a curing station which includes:
    - a radiation source which is adapted to irradiate the liquid layer (2) and/or the applied agent with electromagnetic radiation of variable wavelength, in particular with IR radiation, and/or electron radiation of variable wavelength at least until its partial curing, wherein the radiation source is identical with the radiation source (6) and/or is a separate one, and/or
    - a fluid source which is adapted to flow in particular air around the layer (2), wherein the fluid can be influenced in particular in the parameters flow speed and/or temperature and/or humidity, and/or
    - an electron beam source which is adapted to irradiate the liquid layer (2) and/or the applied agent with electron radiation at least until its partial curing, and/or
    - a drying station adapted to receive the workpiece (1) until at least partial curing of the layer (2) and to provide, in particular by means of a heating source, a predetermined drying temperature to which the workpiece (1) with the layer (2) can be exposed.
  14. The apparatus (18) according to claim 12 or 13 further comprising the following elements:
    - a reaction zone adapted to allow evaporation and/or a chemical reaction, wherein the reaction zone is adapted in particular as a zone through which the transport device transports the workpiece (1), and its expansion and the transport speed are matched to one another such that evaporation and/or reaction are at least partially possible, and/or
    - a protective gas chamber (24) which is adapted to surround the workpiece (1) and/or the layer (2) and/or the agent with a protective gas, in particular an inert gas, preferably nitrogen, at least on a partial section during transport, and/or
    - an application device (10) adapted to apply the liquid layer (2) to the workpiece (1), and/or
    - a structuring element, in particular an embossing roller and/or a digital print head, which is adapted to introduce a structure into the liquid layer (2), and/or
    - an application device for applying a decorative image, comprising at least one digital print head adapted to apply paint to the surface of the layer (2) and/or the workpiece (1).
  15. The apparatus (18) according to any of claims 12 to 14, wherein
    the transport device (20) comprises a conveyor belt and the elements are arranged one after the other in the transport direction (28), and/or
    the reaction zone has special boundary conditions necessary to trigger evaporation and/or a chemical reaction, and/or
    the reaction zone extends over at least part of the protective gas chamber (24).
EP18157511.9A 2017-06-13 2018-02-19 Method and device for producing a structured surface Active EP3415316B1 (en)

Priority Applications (27)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL18157511T PL3415316T3 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-02-19 Method and device for producing a structured surface
EP23210461.2A EP4303021A3 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-02-19 Method and device for producing a structured surface
EP20155456.5A EP3666525B1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-02-19 Method and device for producing a structured surface
EP18161725.9A EP3415317B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-03-14 Method and device for producing a decorative surface
ES18161725T ES2786985T5 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-03-14 Procedure and device for producing a decorative surface
PL18161725.9T PL3415317T5 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-03-14 Method and device for producing a decorative surface
PL18162382T PL3415318T3 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-03-16 Workpiece and method and device for forming a decorative workpiece
EP18162382.8A EP3415318B1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-03-16 Workpiece and method and device for forming a decorative workpiece
ES18162382T ES2787041T3 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-03-16 Procedure and device for manufacturing a decorative workpiece and workpiece
ES18168263T ES2781801T3 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-04-19 Procedure and device for producing a decorative surface
PL18168263T PL3415319T3 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-04-19 Method and device for producing a decorative surface
EP18168263.4A EP3415319B1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-04-19 Method and device for producing a decorative surface
US16/494,309 US11420229B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method and apparatus for producing a decorative surface
CN202110406502.4A CN113212020B (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method for producing a structured surface
US16/494,308 US11511318B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method and apparatus for producing a decorative workpiece and workpiece
CN201880009862.7A CN110267813B (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Device and method for producing a decorative surface
US16/494,310 US11883843B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method for producing a structured surface
PCT/EP2018/065737 WO2018229169A1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method and device for producing a decorative workpiece and workpiece
PCT/EP2018/065734 WO2018229167A1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method and device for producing a decorative surface
PCT/EP2018/065731 WO2018229164A1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method and device for producing a decorative surface
US16/494,307 US11141759B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method and apparatus for producing a decorative surface
PCT/EP2018/065738 WO2018229170A1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method for producing a structured surface
CN201880011317.1A CN110290925B (en) 2017-06-13 2018-06-13 Method for producing a structured surface
US17/322,966 US20210268542A1 (en) 2017-06-13 2021-05-18 Method for producing a structured surface
US17/467,316 US20210394232A1 (en) 2017-06-13 2021-09-06 Method and apparatus for producing a decorative surface
US17/883,626 US11717851B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2022-08-09 Method and apparatus for producing a decorative workpiece and workpiece
US17/883,623 US11717850B2 (en) 2017-06-13 2022-08-09 Method and apparatus for producing a decorative workpiece and workpiece

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102017113035.7A DE102017113035B4 (en) 2017-06-13 2017-06-13 Method and device for producing a decorative surface
DE102017113036.5A DE102017113036B4 (en) 2017-06-13 2017-06-13 Method and device for producing a decorative workpiece and workpiece

Related Child Applications (3)

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EP23210461.2A Division EP4303021A3 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-02-19 Method and device for producing a structured surface
EP20155456.5A Division EP3666525B1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-02-19 Method and device for producing a structured surface
EP20155456.5A Division-Into EP3666525B1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-02-19 Method and device for producing a structured surface

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EP3415316A1 EP3415316A1 (en) 2018-12-19
EP3415316B1 true EP3415316B1 (en) 2020-04-08

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EP23210461.2A Pending EP4303021A3 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-02-19 Method and device for producing a structured surface
EP20155456.5A Active EP3666525B1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-02-19 Method and device for producing a structured surface
EP18157511.9A Active EP3415316B1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-02-19 Method and device for producing a structured surface
EP18168263.4A Active EP3415319B1 (en) 2017-06-13 2018-04-19 Method and device for producing a decorative surface

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EP (4) EP4303021A3 (en)
CN (3) CN110267813B (en)
DE (1) DE202018006283U1 (en)
ES (4) ES2802801T3 (en)
HU (1) HUE050387T2 (en)
PL (3) PL3415316T3 (en)
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