EP3400371B1 - Tunnel boring device and system for the hydraulic removal of cuttings, and system for producing a stable fluid pressure for a boring fluid in the region of a cutting disk of the tunnel boring device - Google Patents

Tunnel boring device and system for the hydraulic removal of cuttings, and system for producing a stable fluid pressure for a boring fluid in the region of a cutting disk of the tunnel boring device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3400371B1
EP3400371B1 EP17701714.2A EP17701714A EP3400371B1 EP 3400371 B1 EP3400371 B1 EP 3400371B1 EP 17701714 A EP17701714 A EP 17701714A EP 3400371 B1 EP3400371 B1 EP 3400371B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
pump
boring
tunnel
cuttings
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Application number
EP17701714.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3400371A1 (en
Inventor
Tobias GERHARDT
Michael LUBBERGER
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Herrenknecht AG
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Herrenknecht AG
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Priority claimed from DE102016001001.0A external-priority patent/DE102016001001A1/en
Priority claimed from DE102016001032.0A external-priority patent/DE102016001032A1/en
Application filed by Herrenknecht AG filed Critical Herrenknecht AG
Priority to PL17701714T priority Critical patent/PL3400371T3/en
Publication of EP3400371A1 publication Critical patent/EP3400371A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/04—Driving tunnels or galleries through loose materials; Apparatus therefor not otherwise provided for
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
    • E21D9/13—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms using hydraulic or pneumatic conveying means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tunnel boring device for creating a bore from a starting point to a target point in the ground along a predetermined drilling line by advancing the tunnel boring device for creating a tunnel or for laying a pipe in the ground with a drilling tool for loosening the ground, with at least one feed line for feeding a drilling fluid for the drilling tool, with at least one section arranged on the rear of the drilling tool for receiving the loosened soil in the form of cuttings, the area of the drilling tool and the at least one section being substantially filled with drilling fluid, and the drilling fluid in the area of the drilling tool and is provided within the at least one section with a pressure substantially corresponding to the pressure prevailing in the ground at the working face, with at least one pump for discharging the drilling fluid mixed with the cuttings from de m section, with at least one delivery line for removing the drilling fluid mixed with cuttings from the bore, which is connected to the delivery side of the at least one pump, and wherein the at least one pump is connected to the at least one section via at least one suction line.
  • tunnel boring machines When drilling holes from a starting point to a target point along a given drilling line, different types of tunnel boring machines are used depending on the soil or rock. Such tunnel boring machines are used when the tunnel boring machine is moved along the drilling line in the feed without pilot drilling or the like. The movement can take place either by pushing against an abutment in the tunnel already created or by pushing or pushing the pipe segments themselves outside of the created tunnel. Whole pipes can also be used in partially prepared form for the feed. Such a feed then takes place via a feed device, for example a pipe thruster or a Press frame when individual pipe segments are pressed into the ground. The soil is loosened with a drilling tool, for example a cutting wheel. The loosened cuttings are brought through the drilling tool into an area behind the cutting wheel and removed from there.
  • a feed device for example a pipe thruster or a Press frame when individual pipe segments are pressed into the ground.
  • the soil is loosened with a drilling tool, for example a cutting wheel. The loosened cuttings are brought through the drilling tool
  • the type of tunnel boring machine is selected depending on the geology. If the soil in which the tunnel is to be built consists essentially of non-stable mountains, a wet drilling method is used, in which a face support is used to stabilize the drilling and the surrounding soil. For this purpose, drilling fluid is introduced in the area of the cutting wheel and the space between the face and cutting wheel is filled with the drilling fluid. The drilling fluid, which is provided in the area of the drilling tool, is pressurized in order to counteract the pressure of the water in the mountains and thus to stabilize the face.
  • Tunnel boring machines are known for this purpose, in which the working face and the section arranged behind the drilling tool for receiving cuttings are filled with a drilling fluid as drilling fluid.
  • the drilling fluid is mostly a bentonite suspension.
  • a centrifugal pump the drilling fluid mixed with the cuttings is sucked out of the section via a suction line and brought to light through the tunnel behind the tunnel boring machine by a delivery line.
  • a feed line through which drilling fluid is also fed to the working face via a pump.
  • jet pumps which are arranged directly in the section behind the drilling tool.
  • the cuttings fall into a kind of funnel above the jet pump, from which the jet pump then sucks the cuttings.
  • the cuttings are then mixed in the mixing chamber of the jet pump with a propellant to drive the jet pump (propellant, usually identical to the drilling fluid) and then removed.
  • propellant usually identical to the drilling fluid
  • the fast jet of the propellant which is accelerated by a nozzle in the jet pump, pulls the cuttings out of the funnel. Drill cuttings and propellant mix in a mixing chamber of the jet pump and from there enter the delivery line via a mixing tube.
  • FIG. 1 Another possibility for suction in a jet pump is via an open tank system, in which the funnel is designed as an open basin in the suction area of the jet pump, in which drilling fluid is provided.
  • drilling fluid is supplied to the pool so that the pool does not fall dry despite being sucked in and removed by the jet pump.
  • the loosened cuttings and the bound dust fall into the pool and are sucked in by the jet pump.
  • Such a device for stable mountains is known from EP 0208816 B1 .
  • Such devices for stable mountains are also known JP H04-49274 Y2 , JP H09-132994 A , JP H02-32437 B , JP H07-6238 Y and JP 2001- 182486 A .
  • JP H07-6238 Y and JP 2001-182486 A each additionally disclose a tunnel boring machine, the use of which is possible both in the stable mountains with an open system described above in connection with a jet pump and alternatively also in a non-stable mountains which require a face support by a flushing liquid. It is provided here that the cuttings are removed in the stable mountains via a jet pump integrated in the section behind the drilling tool. In non-stable mountains, where an east chest support is used, the jet pump is closed instead and the pumping is carried out via a centrifugal pump arranged in the feed line JP 2001-182486A is arranged outside the tunnel, for example in the shaft or above ground. The centrifugal pump pumps the feed liquid into the drilling area and then the drilling fluid mixed with the cuttings via the delivery line from the drilling area. The use of a jet pump in wet operation is not shown.
  • JP H09-4375 A discloses the use of a jet pump when opening an incident shaft with a full-cut machine. The cuttings generated during the advance are sucked in at the cutting wheel and removed with a jet pump.
  • the open jet pump systems described furthermore disclose a separation of air which, due to the open system, is present in the drilling fluid mixed with cuttings.
  • a separation to which the jet pump delivers is already revealed after a short distance in the tunnel. If air is present in the delivery line, the cuttings in air bubbles can spontaneously settle in the delivery line and block them. Furthermore, this makes it possible to minimize the high pressure losses in the jet pump in that, since only small delivery lengths have to be bridged with the jet pump, the pressure in the drive line can be kept lower.
  • the cuttings are then removed from the separation tank using a centrifugal pump.
  • JP 2007 031947 A discloses a tunnel boring machine with a bulkhead to form a pressure chamber on the face of the tunnel.
  • the task is to provide a tunnel boring machine and a system for the hydraulic removal of cuttings, with which larger tunneling lengths can be achieved, especially for smaller diameters, in particular for diameters that cannot be walked on.
  • tunnel boring machines in which the working face and the section arranged behind the drilling tool for receiving cuttings are filled with a drilling fluid as drilling fluid.
  • the drilling fluid is mostly a bentonite suspension.
  • the drilling fluid With a feed pump, the drilling fluid is introduced into the area of the working face via a feed line, and the drilling fluid is placed under the pressure required to support the working face. It is important for the face support that the face support pressure is kept constant, especially to avoid blow-out over days if the pressure is too low, or if liquid pressure from the mountains is too high or the mountains flow uncontrollably into the borehole.
  • a tunnel boring device with face support in which the section for receiving cuttings behind the cutting wheel is divided with a wall into two spaces in fluid communication with one another.
  • the space facing the cutting wheel and the area of the working face are filled with drilling fluid.
  • the partially separated room is only partially filled with liquid. Compressed air is brought into this room as a kind of cushion. This serves as pressure equalization to keep the face pressure constant. In this way, the face pressure can be regulated very finely.
  • sensors are provided for monitoring the prevailing pressure.
  • drilling fluid mixed with the cuttings is sucked out of the section via a suction line by means of a feed pump and brought to light through the tunnel behind the tunnel boring machine by a delivery line.
  • treatment stages are already interposed in the tunnel or several feed pumps are used to guarantee the entire conveyance up to days. Centrifugal pumps are used as feed pumps.
  • the extraction of the cuttings and the extraction of drilling fluid from the section directly affects the face pressure. It must be ensured that at least as much feed liquid can be supplied as is removed.
  • the provision of the compressed air cushion also serves as pressure compensation here. However, it is correspondingly necessary to provide a compressed air supply.
  • a face support is also possible without the provision of compressed air in connection with the chamber division.
  • drivers of the tunnel boring device must respond to pressure changes in good time. For this, the speed of advance, the delivery pressures or delivery volumes and the feed pressures and feed quantities must be adequately monitored and regulated. This requires a great deal of experience and attention from machine operators.
  • Another object is to provide a tunnel boring machine and a system with which it is possible to keep the face pressure of the drilling fluid constant in a simpler manner.
  • the pump is a jet pump, which is connected to a drive line via which a propellant liquid is supplied to the jet pump, that the at least one pump is arranged outside the at least one section, and that in the at least one section a suction line, at least one shut-off valve is provided, via which the suction line can be closed.
  • a connecting line is provided between the feed line and suction line, which can preferably be closed with a shut-off valve.
  • the provision of the connecting line makes it possible to avoid fluctuations or large pressure peaks or pressure drops on the face and thus on the face support pressure when starting up the tunnel boring device, which can result from the abrupt closing and opening of the shut-off valves in the feed and / or suction line.
  • Another teaching of the invention provides that a shut-off valve is provided in the feed line. In this way, the area of the working face can be separated from the rest of the pipe system in a simple manner.
  • a further teaching of the invention provides that a control device, preferably a control valve, is provided in the drive line, from which the feed line leads, via which the volume flow of the drilling fluid in the feed line can be adjusted. This makes it possible to use only one line and one pump Supply the jet pump with propellant and at the same time supply the face with the feed liquid.
  • Another teaching of the invention provides that the pump is connected to a high-pressure pump via the drive line.
  • the provision of high pressures in the drive line makes it possible to convey the drilling fluid mixed with cuttings over greater distances through the delivery line.
  • the drilling fluid and / or the driving fluid is a bentonite suspension. This is processed in particular by a separation system in order to use it in the circuit.
  • the first object is achieved with regard to the system for the hydraulic removal of drill cuttings which have been released from a tunnel boring device, preferably according to a previously described tunnel boring device, the tunnel boring device being designed for wet drilling with face pressure control and having a section for receiving the released cuttings by a system with a feed line for supplying drilling fluid to the section, with a suction line for removing drilling fluid mixed with cuttings, with a jet pump for removing the drilling fluid mixed with cuttings, with a driving line connected to the driving line connection of the jet pump, the driving fluid with a driving pump is conveyed to the jet pump, with a connecting line between the feed line and the suction line, at least one shut-off element being provided in each case in the suction line, the feed line and the connecting line.
  • the further object is achieved with regard to the system for generating a stable fluid pressure of a drilling fluid in the area of a cutting wheel of a tunnel boring device designed for wet drilling, preferably according to a tunnel boring device described above, on a working face, which when drilling a hole from a starting point to a destination point in the Soil along a predetermined drilling line by advancing the tunnel boring device to create a tunnel or to lay a pipe, the tunnel boring device having a section for receiving the cuttings loosened by the cutting wheel behind the cutting wheel, a feed line for supplying drilling fluid to the working face, a suction line for conveying away of drilling fluid mixed with drilling cuttings from the section, a jet pump for removing the drilling fluid mixed with drilling cuttings, a drive line which is connected to the drive line connection of the jet pump, wherein the propellant is conveyed to the jet pump with a propellant pump, has a connecting line between the feed line and the suction line, at least one shut-off element being provided in the suction line, the feed line and
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the tunnel boring device 10 according to the invention
  • Fig. 1 A shaft 40 is shown schematically. Furthermore, above-ground systems 30 as well as the borehole already created and the tunnel erected therein or the pipeline 50 incorporated therein are shown.
  • the tunnel boring device 10 comprises a schematically illustrated cutting wheel 11 as a boring tool.
  • a section 12 is provided behind the cutting wheel 11, in which the cuttings (not shown) released by the cutting wheel 11 collect.
  • the area of the cutting wheel 11 and the section 12 is filled with a drilling fluid (not shown) here, for example in the form of a bentonite flush.
  • the area of the cutting wheel 11 on the working face (not shown) and the section 12 are connected to a feed line 13.
  • the drilling fluid is supplied to the area of the cutting wheel 11 and the section 12 via the feed line 13.
  • Section 12 is also connected to a suction line 14.
  • the suction line 14 is connected to a suction connection 16 of a jet pump 15.
  • a shut-off valve 17 is provided in the suction line 14.
  • a delivery line 19 is provided at the delivery connection 18 of the jet pump 15.
  • the jet pump 15 has a drive line connection 21 for a drive line 20.
  • the feed line 13 extends from the surface systems 30 or from the shaft 40 through the pipeline that has already been introduced or the tunnel 50 that has already been created.
  • a feed pump 22 is provided in the feed line 13. This can be provided in the area of the surface systems 30 or in the shaft 40.
  • a drive pump 23, which is designed as a high-pressure pump, is connected to the drive line 20.
  • the delivery line 19 is connected to a separation system 31 for separating the drilling fluid from the cuttings.
  • the feed pump 22 and the drive pump 23 are supplied with drilling fluid from the separation system 31, which in turn then feed them via the feed line 13 or drive line 20 to the cutting wheel 11 or the jet pump 15.
  • the area of the cutting wheel 11 on the working face and the section 12 are supplied with drilling fluid via the feed pump 22 through the feed line 13.
  • the jet pump 15 is also supplied with drilling fluid by the drive pump 23 via the drive line 20.
  • the driving fluid enters the jet pump 15 through the driving line connection 21.
  • the propellant then passes to the propellant nozzle 24 and through it, accelerating it, into the mixing chamber 25.
  • the drilling fluid that fills the mixing chamber 25 is transported into a mixing tube 26.
  • the drilling fluid accelerated in this way entrains the drilling fluid located in the suction connection 16 and thus correspondingly also the drilling fluid which is located in the suction line 14 into the mixing chamber 25, as a result of which the jet pump 15 then pulls the drilling fluid and that out of the section 12 via the suction line 14 Sucks in cuttings.
  • the drilling fluid present as the driving fluid is then mixed with the liquid consisting of cuttings and drilling fluid from the suction line and transported into the delivery line 19 via the mixing tube 26.
  • the shut-off valve 17 in the suction line 14 is first closed.
  • the drilling fluid in the drive line 20 is then fed to the jet pump 15 via the drive pump 23.
  • the drilling fluid is transported into the delivery line and through this to the separation system 31.
  • a negative pressure is formed in the area of the suction connection 16 when the operation of the pump has settled. This causes that when the shut-off valve 17 is opened, the drilling fluid located in the suction line 14 is sucked directly into the pump 15.
  • the cuttings loosened when the tunnel boring device 10 is driven are transported into the section 12 and mixed therein with the drilling fluid. The mixture of cuttings and drilling fluid is sucked in accordingly through the suction line 14 by the jet pump 15.
  • the shut-off valve 17 in the suction line 14 is also first closed.
  • the feed pump 22 is started and drilling fluid is supplied to the area of the cutting wheel 11 until the desired pressure is applied to the working face.
  • the drilling fluid in the drive line 20 is then fed to the jet pump 15 via the drive pump 23.
  • the drilling fluid is transported into the delivery line and through this to the separation system 31.
  • a negative pressure is formed in the area of the suction connection 16 when the operation of the pump has settled. This causes that when the shut-off valve 17 is opened, the drilling fluid located in the suction line 14 is sucked directly into the pump 15.
  • the pressure on the working face is adjusted after opening the shut-off valve 17 by regulating the feed pump, if necessary. Subsequently, the cuttings loosened when the tunnel boring device 10 is driven are transported into the section 12 and mixed therein with the drilling fluid. The mixture of cuttings and drilling fluid is sucked in accordingly through the suction line 14 by the jet pump 15. This increases the density and the friction losses in the delivery line 19. At the same time, the suction power of the jet pump 15 drops when the pressure at the nozzle remains the same.
  • the delivery parameters can, for example, take place at the maximum in the delivery characteristic of the delivery pump, which is associated with energy losses during pumping, or the delivery parameters are set below the maximum but above the delivery parameters normally required (pressure and volume flow), so that there is adequate scope. If a limit value is then exceeded, a corresponding regulation is required.
  • the jet pump 15 continues to be operated until there is no more cuttings in the separation system 31. Then the shut-off valve 17 is closed, the delivery of the feed pump 22 is stopped, and then the delivery of the drive pump 23 is stopped, whereby the delivery of the drilling fluid through the delivery line 19 is then ended.
  • Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show a second embodiment of a device according to the invention. This differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , 2nd thereby, that the feed line 13 no longer extends to the shaft 40. Furthermore, no feed pump 22 is provided. Instead, only one drive pump 23 is provided, which is connected to the jet pump 15 by a drive line 20. In the area of the tunnel boring device 10, a control valve 27 is provided in the drive line 20, on which the feed line 13 taps. As before, the feed line 13 is connected to the region of the cutting wheel 11 and the section 12.
  • the drilling fluid When starting, the drilling fluid is supplied from the drive pump 23 to the jet pump 15 via the drive line 20 to the drive line connection 21.
  • the control valve 27 and the shut-off valve 17 are closed, so that the drilling fluid, which was conveyed from the drive pump 23 to the jet pump 15, is returned to the separation system 31 through the delivery line 19.
  • the control valve 27 is opened to such an extent that the required volume flow of drilling fluid, which is required in the area of the cutting wheel, for example in order to provide the desired working face pressure and is to be supplied to the section 12, is available.
  • the shutoff valve 17 is then opened, so that, as described above, the drilling fluid and cuttings are conveyed through the suction line 14.
  • the feed volume flow must be adjusted by adjusting / adjusting the control valve 27.
  • the area of the cutting wheel 11 and the section 12 is first subjected to drilling fluid until a separation system 31 does not produce any further cuttings.
  • the control valve 27 and the shut-off valve 17 are then closed, and the delivery of the drilling fluid by the drive pump 23 is set.
  • Fig. 5 , 6 show an alternative embodiment for executing the Fig. 1 , 2nd .
  • a shut-off valve 28 is provided in the region of section 12 in the feed line 13.
  • the shut-off valve 17 is arranged analogously to this.
  • a connecting line 32 is provided in a section 29 between the shut-off valve 17 and the suction connection 16, which has a shut-off valve 33.
  • the shut-off valves 17 and 28 are closed for starting and preparing for drilling.
  • the shut-off valve 33 in the connecting line is open.
  • the drive pump 23 and the feed pump 22 are switched on and the drilling fluid is transported through the feed line 13 and the connecting line 32 to the suction connection 16 of the jet pump 15.
  • the drilling fluid supplied via the drive line 20 and the drilling fluid supplied via the feed line 13 combine in the mixing chamber 25 and are transported away via the delivery line 19.
  • the two shut-off valves 17 and 28 are opened and the shut-off valve 33 in the connecting line 32 is closed, so that the jet pump 15 now draws in from the section 12 through the suction line 14, the area of the working face or the Cutting wheel 11 and section 12 is supplied with drilling fluid accordingly via the feed line 13.
  • the feed pump 22 feeds the mining area and the working face until a corresponding working face pressure prevails. Possibly. readjustment via the feed pump 22 is required.
  • the jet pump 15 now draws in from the section 12 through the suction line 14, the region of the working face or the cutting wheel 11 and the section 12 being fed back in accordingly via the feed line 13. Drilling and keeping the face pressure constant is done as previously described.
  • shutoff valves 17, 28, 33 are switched in the reverse order.
  • Fig. 7 , 8th shows an alternative embodiment Fig. 3 , 4th .
  • a corresponding connecting line 32 with shut-off valve 33 is also provided here analogously.
  • the feed line 13 also has a shut-off valve 28.
  • the shut-off valve 33 is open and the control valve 27 is regulated accordingly, the drive pump 23 is switched on, so that the necessary drive volume flow reaches the jet pump 15 via the drive line 20 at the drive line connection 21.
  • the feed volume flow set via the control valve 27 flows through the connecting line 22 to the suction connection 16 of the jet pump 15. If the system has adjusted, the shut-off valves 17, 28 are opened and the shut-off valve 33 of the connecting line 32 is closed.
  • the feed volume flow of the drilling fluid is transported to the cutting wheel 11 or section 12 and, at the same time, is conveyed from the section 12 correspondingly mixed with cuttings via the suction line 14 to the suction connection 16 of the jet pump 15.
  • the drilling fluid together with the cuttings enters the mixing chamber 25 of the jet pump 15, is mixed there with the volume flow from the drive line 20 and fed to the separation system 31 via the mixing tube 26 and the delivery line 19.
  • the termination of the drilling operation causes a reverse switching sequence of the shut-off valves 17, 28, 33.
  • the face pressure is kept constant as previously described.
  • jet pump as the feed pump, it is surprisingly possible to compensate for density fluctuations by taking up / sucking in / discharging cuttings with the drilling fluid within the characteristic values, so that the face pressure remains essentially constant despite changes in the rate of advance or the density of the cuttings.
  • the connecting line 32 and the provision of the shut-off valves 17, 28, 33 bring about a decisive improvement when starting up the tunnel boring device 10 in such a way that the jet pump 15 is already in a fully regulated operation and there is no vacuum at the suction connection 16. If the shut-off valves 17, 28, 33 are now switched, the direct transport of the drilling fluid into and out of the section 12 immediately begins. Since section 12 is already correspondingly filled with drilling fluid, this avoids a breakdown of the vacuum that prevails at shut-off valve 17 when no connecting line 32 is provided. The release of the vacuum by actuating the shut-off valve 17 causes a sudden increase in pressure in the area of the working face, which can be avoided accordingly by providing the connecting line 32.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Tunnelbohrvorrichtung zum Erstellen einer Bohrung von einem Startpunkt zu einem Zielpunkt im Boden entlang einer vorgegebenen Bohrlinie durch Vorschieben der Tunnelbohrvorrichtung zum Erstellen eines Tunnels oder zum Verlegen einer Rohrleitung im Boden mit einem Bohrwerkzeug zum Lösen des Bodens, mit wenigstens einer Speiseleitung zum Zuführen einer Bohrflüssigkeit zum Bohrwerkzeug, mit wenigstens einem an der Rückseite des Bohrwerkzeugs angeordneten Abschnitt zur Aufnahme des in Form von Bohrklein vorliegenden gelösten Bodens, wobei der Bereich des Bohrwerkzeugs und der wenigstens eine Abschnitt im Wesentlichen mit Bohrflüssigkeit gefüllt sind, und die Bohrflüssigkeit im Bereich des Bohrwerkzeugs und innerhalb des wenigstens einen Abschnitts mit einem im Wesentlichen dem im Boden an der Ortsbrust herrschenden Druck entsprechenden Druck vorgesehen ist, mit wenigstens einer Pumpe zum Abfördern der mit dem Bohrklein vermischten Bohrflüssigkeit aus dem Abschnitt, mit wenigstens einer Förderleitung zum Abfördern der mit Bohrklein vermischten Bohrflüssigkeit aus der Bohrung, die mit der Förderseite der wenigstens einen Pumpe verbunden ist, und wobei die wenigstens eine Pumpe mit dem wenigstens einen Abschnitt über wenigstens eine Saugleitung verbunden ist.The invention relates to a tunnel boring device for creating a bore from a starting point to a target point in the ground along a predetermined drilling line by advancing the tunnel boring device for creating a tunnel or for laying a pipe in the ground with a drilling tool for loosening the ground, with at least one feed line for feeding a drilling fluid for the drilling tool, with at least one section arranged on the rear of the drilling tool for receiving the loosened soil in the form of cuttings, the area of the drilling tool and the at least one section being substantially filled with drilling fluid, and the drilling fluid in the area of the drilling tool and is provided within the at least one section with a pressure substantially corresponding to the pressure prevailing in the ground at the working face, with at least one pump for discharging the drilling fluid mixed with the cuttings from de m section, with at least one delivery line for removing the drilling fluid mixed with cuttings from the bore, which is connected to the delivery side of the at least one pump, and wherein the at least one pump is connected to the at least one section via at least one suction line.

Beim Auffahren von Bohrungen von einem Start- zu einem Zielpunkt entlang einer vorgegebenen Bohrlinie werden in Abhängigkeit des anstehenden Bodens bzw. Gesteins verschiedenartige Tunnelbohrmaschinen eingesetzt. Solche Tunnelbohrmaschinen kommen dann zur Verwendung, wenn die Tunnelbohrmaschine im Vorschub ohne Pilotbohrung oder dergleichen entlang der Bohrlinie fortbewegt wird. Der Fortbewegung kann entweder über ein Vordrücken gegen Widerlager im bereits erstellten Tunnel oder über ein Vorschieben bzw. Nachschieben der Rohrsegmente selber außerhalb des erstellten Tunnels erfolgen. Auch ganze Rohrleitungen können ggf. auch nur in teilweise vorbereiteter Form zum Vorschub verwendet werden. Ein solcher Vorschub erfolgt dann über eine Vorschubeinrichtung beispielsweise ein so genannter Pipe Thruster oder ein Pressenrahmen, wenn einzelne Rohrsegmente in den Boden gedrückt werden. Das Lösen des Bodens erfolgt dabei mit einem Bohrwerkzeug, beispielsweise einem Schneidrad. Das gelöste Bohrklein wird durch das Bohrwerkzeug hindurch in einen Bereich hinter dem Schneidrad gebracht und von dort abgefördert.When drilling holes from a starting point to a target point along a given drilling line, different types of tunnel boring machines are used depending on the soil or rock. Such tunnel boring machines are used when the tunnel boring machine is moved along the drilling line in the feed without pilot drilling or the like. The movement can take place either by pushing against an abutment in the tunnel already created or by pushing or pushing the pipe segments themselves outside of the created tunnel. Whole pipes can also be used in partially prepared form for the feed. Such a feed then takes place via a feed device, for example a pipe thruster or a Press frame when individual pipe segments are pressed into the ground. The soil is loosened with a drilling tool, for example a cutting wheel. The loosened cuttings are brought through the drilling tool into an area behind the cutting wheel and removed from there.

Die Auswahl der Art der Tunnelbohrmaschine erfolgt in Abhängigkeit der Geologie. Besteht der Boden, in dem der Tunnel erstellt werden soll, im Wesentlichen aus nicht standfestem Gebirge, wird ein nasses Bohrverfahren eingesetzt, bei dem eine Ortsbruststützung zur Stabilisierung der Bohrung und des umliegenden Bodens zur Anwendung kommt. Dafür wird Bohrflüssigkeit im Bereich des Schneidrades eingebracht, und der Raum zwischen Ortsbrust und Schneidrad wird mit der Bohrflüssigkeit gefüllt. Die Bohrflüssigkeit, die im Bereich des Bohrwerkzeugs vorgesehen ist, wird unter Druck gesetzt, um dem im Gebirge herrschenden Druck des Wassers entgegenzuwirken und somit die Ortsbrust zu stabilisieren.The type of tunnel boring machine is selected depending on the geology. If the soil in which the tunnel is to be built consists essentially of non-stable mountains, a wet drilling method is used, in which a face support is used to stabilize the drilling and the surrounding soil. For this purpose, drilling fluid is introduced in the area of the cutting wheel and the space between the face and cutting wheel is filled with the drilling fluid. The drilling fluid, which is provided in the area of the drilling tool, is pressurized in order to counteract the pressure of the water in the mountains and thus to stabilize the face.

Bekannt sind hierfür Tunnelbohrmaschinen, bei denen die Ortsbrust und der hinter dem Bohrwerkzeug angeordnete Abschnitt zur Aufnahme von Bohrklein mit einer Bohrflüssigkeit als Bohrspülung gefüllt sind. Bei der Bohrflüssigkeit handelt es sich meistens um eine Bentonitsuspension. Mittels einer Kreiselpumpe wird die mit dem Bohrklein vermischte Bohrflüssigkeit aus dem Abschnitt über eine Saugleitung angesaugt und durch den Tunnel hinter der Tunnelbohrmaschine durch eine Förderleitung zutage gefördert. Weiterhin ist eine Speiseleitung vorhanden, durch die ebenfalls über eine Pumpe Bohrflüssigkeit zur Ortsbrust zugeführt wird.Tunnel boring machines are known for this purpose, in which the working face and the section arranged behind the drilling tool for receiving cuttings are filled with a drilling fluid as drilling fluid. The drilling fluid is mostly a bentonite suspension. Using a centrifugal pump, the drilling fluid mixed with the cuttings is sucked out of the section via a suction line and brought to light through the tunnel behind the tunnel boring machine by a delivery line. There is also a feed line through which drilling fluid is also fed to the working face via a pump.

Ist standfestes Gebirge vorhanden, kann ohne Ortsbruststützung gearbeitet werden. Dieses bedeutet, dass der Bereich der Ortsbrust und der Abschnitt hinter dem Bohrwerkzeug nicht vollständig mit Bohrflüssigkeit gefüllt werden. Stattdessen wird die Bohrflüssigkeit zur Bindung von Staub und Bohrklein eingesetzt. Der Abtransport aus dem Abschnitt kann auf verschiedene Weisen erfolgen. Unter anderem kommen dafür Schneckenförderer oder Förderbänder zum Einsatz.If stable mountains are available, you can work without face support. This means that the area of the working face and the section behind the drilling tool are not completely filled with drilling fluid. Instead, the drilling fluid is used to bind dust and cuttings. The section can be removed in various ways. Among other things, screw conveyors or conveyor belts are used for this.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit zum Abtransport des gelösten Bohrklein stellt der Einsatz von Strahlpumpen dar, die im Abschnitt hinter dem Bohrwerkzeug direkt angeordnet sind. Das Bohrklein fällt in eine Art Trichter über der Strahlpumpe aus dem dann die Strahlpumpe das Bohrklein angesaugt. Das Bohrklein wird dann in der Mischkammer der Strahlpumpe mit einem Treibmedium zum Antrieb der Strahlpumpe (Treibflüssigkeit, meistens identisch mit der Bohrflüssigkeit) vermischt und dann abgefördert. Hierfür ist das Vorsehen einer Treibleitung notwendig, mit der dann das Treibmedium als solches der Strahlpumpe zugeführt wird. Der durch eine Düse in der Strahlpumpe beschleunigte, schnelle Strahl des Treibmediums reißt das Bohrklein aus dem Trichter mit. Bohrklein und Treibflüssigkeit vermischen sich in einer Mischkammer der Strahlpumpe und gelangen von dort über ein Mischrohr in die Förderleitung.Another option for the removal of the loosened drill cuttings is the use of jet pumps, which are arranged directly in the section behind the drilling tool. The cuttings fall into a kind of funnel above the jet pump, from which the jet pump then sucks the cuttings. The cuttings are then mixed in the mixing chamber of the jet pump with a propellant to drive the jet pump (propellant, usually identical to the drilling fluid) and then removed. For this purpose, it is necessary to provide a propellant line with which the propellant as such is then fed to the jet pump. The fast jet of the propellant, which is accelerated by a nozzle in the jet pump, pulls the cuttings out of the funnel. Drill cuttings and propellant mix in a mixing chamber of the jet pump and from there enter the delivery line via a mixing tube.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Ansaugung bei einer Strahlpumpe erfolgt über ein offenes Tanksystem, bei dem der Trichter als ein offenes Becken im Ansaugbereich der Strahlpumpe ausgeführt ist, in dem Bohrflüssigkeit vorgesehen ist. Während des Betriebs der Strahlpumpe wird dem Becken Bohrflüssigkeit zugeführt, so dass das Becken trotz des Ansaugens und Entnehmens durch die Strahlpumpe nicht trocken fällt. Das gelöste Bohrklein und der gebundene Staub fallen in das Becken und werden dort von der Strahlpumpe angesaugt. Eine solche Vorrichtung für standfestes Gebirge ist bekannt aus EP 0208816 B1 . Weiterhin bekannt sind solche Vorrichtungen für standfestes Gebirge aus JP H04-49274 Y2 , JP H09-132994 A , JP H02-32437 B , JP H07-6238 Y und JP 2001- 182486 A .Another possibility for suction in a jet pump is via an open tank system, in which the funnel is designed as an open basin in the suction area of the jet pump, in which drilling fluid is provided. During the operation of the jet pump, drilling fluid is supplied to the pool so that the pool does not fall dry despite being sucked in and removed by the jet pump. The loosened cuttings and the bound dust fall into the pool and are sucked in by the jet pump. Such a device for stable mountains is known from EP 0208816 B1 . Such devices for stable mountains are also known JP H04-49274 Y2 , JP H09-132994 A , JP H02-32437 B , JP H07-6238 Y and JP 2001- 182486 A .

JP H07-6238 Y und JP 2001-182486 A offenbaren zusätzlich jeweils eine Tunnelbohrmaschine, deren Einsatz sowohl im standfesten Gebirge mit einem zuvor beschriebenen offenen System in Verbindung mit einer Strahlpumpe als alternativ auch in einem nicht standfesten Gebirge, das eine Ortsbruststützung durch eine Spülflüssigkeit benötigt, möglich ist. Hierbei ist vorgesehen, dass im standfesten Gebirge das Bohrklein über eine im Abschnitt hinter dem Bohrwerkzeug integrierte Strahlpumpe abgefördert wird. In nicht standfesten Gebirge, bei dem eine Ostbruststützung verwendet wird, wird stattdessen die Strahlpumpe verschlossen und es wird die Förderung über eine in der Speiseleitung angeordnete Kreiselpumpe, die in JP 2001-182486A außerhalb des Tunnels beispielsweise im Schacht oder über Tage angeordnet ist, durchgeführt. Die Kreiselpumpe pumpt die Speiseflüssigkeit in den Bohrbereich und dann die mit dem Bohrklein vermischte Bohrspülung über die Förderleitung aus dem Bohrbereich. Ein Einsatz einer Strahlpumpe im Nassbetrieb ist nicht gezeigt. JP H07-6238 Y and JP 2001-182486 A each additionally disclose a tunnel boring machine, the use of which is possible both in the stable mountains with an open system described above in connection with a jet pump and alternatively also in a non-stable mountains which require a face support by a flushing liquid. It is provided here that the cuttings are removed in the stable mountains via a jet pump integrated in the section behind the drilling tool. In non-stable mountains, where an east chest support is used, the jet pump is closed instead and the pumping is carried out via a centrifugal pump arranged in the feed line JP 2001-182486A is arranged outside the tunnel, for example in the shaft or above ground. The centrifugal pump pumps the feed liquid into the drilling area and then the drilling fluid mixed with the cuttings via the delivery line from the drilling area. The use of a jet pump in wet operation is not shown.

DE 69708852 T2 offenbart, dass die Strahlpumpe explizit auf standfestes Gebirge bezogen durch eine Kreiselpumpe im trockenen Betrieb ersetzt werden kann. Laut DE 69708852 T2 ist eine Strahlpumpe im trockenen Betrieb im standfesten Gebirge nur bei kleinen Bohrdurchmessern effizient. Bei größeren Bohrdurchmessern kann die Strahlpumpe durch die in ihr auftretenden Verluste nicht wirtschaftlich betrieben werden. Weiterhin haben die Strahlpumpen gemäß diesem Dokument den Nachteil, dass die Fördermenge nicht variabel ist und nicht ohne weiteres auf einen größeren Wert erhöht werden kann, wenn dieses notwendig ist. DE 69708852 T2 discloses that the jet pump can be replaced explicitly in stable operation by a centrifugal pump in dry operation. Loud DE 69708852 T2 a jet pump is only efficient in dry operation in stable mountains with small drilling diameters. With larger drilling diameters, the jet pump cannot be operated economically due to the losses that occur in it. Furthermore, the jet pumps according to this document have the disadvantage that the delivery rate is not variable and cannot be easily increased to a larger value if this is necessary.

JP H09-4375 A offenbart den Einsatz einer Jetpumpe beim Auffahren eines einfallenden Schachtes mit einer Vollschnittmaschine. Das beim Vortrieb anfallende Bohrklein wird am Schneidrad angesaugt und mit einer Strahlpumpe abgefördert. JP H09-4375 A discloses the use of a jet pump when opening an incident shaft with a full-cut machine. The cuttings generated during the advance are sucked in at the cutting wheel and removed with a jet pump.

Die beschriebenen offenen Strahlpumpensysteme offenbaren weiterhin eine Abscheidung von Luft, die bedingt durch das offene System in der mit Bohrklein vermischten Bohrflüssigkeit vorhanden ist. Hierfür ist eine Separation bereits nach einer kurzen Distanz im Tunnel selber offenbart, auf die die Strahlpumpe fördert. Ist Luft in der Förderleitung vorhanden, kann sich das Bohrklein in Luftblasen spontan in der Förderleitung absetzen und diese verstopfen. Weiterhin ist es hierdurch möglich die hohen Druckverluste in der Strahlpumpe dadurch zu minimieren, dass, da nur geringe Förderlängen mit der Strahlpumpe überbrückt werden müssen, der Druck in der Treibleitung niedriger gehalten werden kann. Das Abfördern des Bohrkleins aus dem Separationstank erfolgt dann mit einer Kreiselpumpe.The open jet pump systems described furthermore disclose a separation of air which, due to the open system, is present in the drilling fluid mixed with cuttings. For this purpose, a separation to which the jet pump delivers is already revealed after a short distance in the tunnel. If air is present in the delivery line, the cuttings in air bubbles can spontaneously settle in the delivery line and block them. Furthermore, this makes it possible to minimize the high pressure losses in the jet pump in that, since only small delivery lengths have to be bridged with the jet pump, the pressure in the drive line can be kept lower. The cuttings are then removed from the separation tank using a centrifugal pump.

Die Praxis hat gezeigt, dass es sinnvoll ist, Kreiselpumpen zur Abförderung von mit Bohrklein beladener Bohrflüssigkeit im Tunnel hinter dem Abschnitt vorzusehen, um eine kurze Absaugung zu haben und entsprechende hohe Förderleistungen, die beim Erstellen der Bohrung notwendig sind, zu erreichen. Gegebenenfalls ist es notwendig, weitere Pumpen im Tunnel bzw. in der Rohrleitung vorzusehen, um die Förderleistungen zu erhöhen. Gerade bei kleinen Durchmessern, die ggf. nicht begehbar sind, ist es schwierig, leistungsstarke Kreiselpumpen vorzusehen, die im ggf. begrenzten Durchmesser der Rohrleitung bauhöhenbedingt anordbar sind. Weiterhin sind Kreiselpumpen wartungsintensiv. Aus diesem Grund ist es seit Jahren bei Bohrungen mit kleinem Durchmesser üblich, Kreiselpumpen außerhalb des Bohrloches vorzusehen, um entsprechend eine Erreichbarkeit der Pumpe für Wartungszwecke zu ermöglichen bzw. hinreichende Fördermengen mit der Kreiselpumpe bereitstellen zu können. Dieses hat den Nachteil, dass die Vortriebslängen aufgrund der Beschränkung der Saugleistung der Kreiselpumpe begrenzt sind.Practice has shown that it makes sense to provide centrifugal pumps for the removal of drilling fluid loaded with drilling cuttings in the tunnel behind the section in order to have a short suction and to achieve the corresponding high delivery rates that are necessary when drilling the hole. It may be necessary to provide additional pumps in the tunnel or in the pipeline in order to increase the delivery rates. Especially with small diameters, which may not be accessible, it is difficult to provide high-performance centrifugal pumps that can be arranged depending on the height of the pipeline. Centrifugal pumps are also maintenance-intensive. For this reason, it has been common for years for small diameter bores to provide centrifugal pumps outside the borehole in order to enable the pump to be accessible for maintenance purposes or to provide sufficient delivery rates with the centrifugal pump. This has the disadvantage that the jacking lengths are limited due to the limitation of the suction power of the centrifugal pump.

JP 2007 031947 A offenbart eine Tunnelbohrmaschine mit einer Schottwand zur Ausbildung einer Druckkammer an der Ortsbrust des Tunnels. JP 2007 031947 A discloses a tunnel boring machine with a bulkhead to form a pressure chamber on the face of the tunnel.

Aufgabe ist es, eine Tunnelbohrmaschine und ein System zum hydraulischen Abfördern von Bohrklein bereitzustellen, mit der gerade bei kleineren Durchmessern, insbesondere bei Durchmessern, die nicht begehbar sind, größere Vortriebslängen erreichbar sind.The task is to provide a tunnel boring machine and a system for the hydraulic removal of cuttings, with which larger tunneling lengths can be achieved, especially for smaller diameters, in particular for diameters that cannot be walked on.

Weiterhin bekannt sind hierfür Tunnelbohrmaschinen, bei denen die Ortsbrust und der hinter dem Bohrwerkzeug angeordnete Abschnitt zur Aufnahme von Bohrklein mit einer Bohrflüssigkeit als Bohrspülung gefüllt sind. Bei der Bohrflüssigkeit handelt es sich meistens um eine Bentonitsuspension. Mit einer Speisepumpe wird über eine Speiseleitung die Bohrflüssigkeit in den Bereich der Ortsbrust eingebracht, und die Bohrflüssigkeit wird unter den notwendigen Druck zur Stützung der Ortsbrust gesetzt. Wichtig bei der Ortsbruststützung ist, dass der Ortsbruststützdruck konstant gehalten wird, insbesondere um bei geringer Überdeckung Ausbläser über Tage bei zu hohem Druck oder Einbrüche von Flüssigkeit aus dem Gebirge bzw. unkontrolliertes Nachfließen von Gebirge in die Bohrung zu vermeiden.Also known for this purpose are tunnel boring machines in which the working face and the section arranged behind the drilling tool for receiving cuttings are filled with a drilling fluid as drilling fluid. The drilling fluid is mostly a bentonite suspension. With a feed pump, the drilling fluid is introduced into the area of the working face via a feed line, and the drilling fluid is placed under the pressure required to support the working face. It is important for the face support that the face support pressure is kept constant, especially to avoid blow-out over days if the pressure is too low, or if liquid pressure from the mountains is too high or the mountains flow uncontrollably into the borehole.

U.A. aus der DE 42 13 987 A1 ist eine Tunnelbohrvorrichtung mit Ortsbruststützung bekannt, bei der der Abschnitt zur Aufnahme von Bohrklein hinter dem Schneidrad mit einer Wand in zwei miteinander in Fluidverbindung stehende Räume unterteilt wird. Der dem Schneidrad zugewandte Raum wie auch der Bereich der Ortsbrust sind mit Bohrflüssigkeit gefüllt. Der teilweise abgetrennte Raum wird nur teilweise mit Flüssigkeit gefüllt. In diesen Raum wird Druckluft als eine Art Kissen eingebracht. Dieses dient als Druckausgleich zum Konstanthalten des Ortsbrustdrucks. Auf diese Weise lässt sich der Ortsbrustdruck sehr fein regeln. Im Bereich des Schneidrades und im Abschnitt hinter dem Schneidrad sind entsprechend Sensorik zur Überwachung des herrschenden Drucks vorgesehen.UA from the DE 42 13 987 A1 a tunnel boring device with face support is known, in which the section for receiving cuttings behind the cutting wheel is divided with a wall into two spaces in fluid communication with one another. The space facing the cutting wheel and the area of the working face are filled with drilling fluid. The partially separated room is only partially filled with liquid. Compressed air is brought into this room as a kind of cushion. This serves as pressure equalization to keep the face pressure constant. In this way, the face pressure can be regulated very finely. In the area of the cutting wheel and in the section behind the cutting wheel, sensors are provided for monitoring the prevailing pressure.

Im Bohrbetrieb wird mittels einer Förderpumpe mit dem Bohrklein vermischte Bohrflüssigkeit aus dem Abschnitt über eine Saugleitung angesaugt und durch den Tunnel hinter der Tunnelbohrmaschine durch eine Förderleitung zutage gefördert. Ggf. werden bereits im Tunnel Aufbereitungsstufen zwischengeschaltet oder es werden auch mehrere Förderpumpen eingesetzt, um die gesamte Förderung bis über Tage zu gewährleisten. Als Förderpumpen werden Kreiselpumpen eingesetzt.In the drilling operation, drilling fluid mixed with the cuttings is sucked out of the section via a suction line by means of a feed pump and brought to light through the tunnel behind the tunnel boring machine by a delivery line. Possibly. treatment stages are already interposed in the tunnel or several feed pumps are used to guarantee the entire conveyance up to days. Centrifugal pumps are used as feed pumps.

Die Förderung des Bohrkleins und das Entnehmen von Bohrflüssigkeit aus dem Abschnittbeeinflusst direkt den Ortsbrustdruck. Es muss gewährleistet werden, dass wenigstens so viel Speiseflüssigkeit zugeführt werden kann, wie abgefördert wird. Auch hier dient das Vorsehen des Druckluftkissens als Druckausgleich. Es ist allerdings entsprechend notwendig, eine Druckluftversorgung vorzusehen.The extraction of the cuttings and the extraction of drilling fluid from the section directly affects the face pressure. It must be ensured that at least as much feed liquid can be supplied as is removed. The provision of the compressed air cushion also serves as pressure compensation here. However, it is correspondingly necessary to provide a compressed air supply.

Eine Ortsbruststützung ist aber auch ohne das Vorsehen von Druckluft in Verbindung mit der Kammeraufteilung möglich. Hier ist es für den reibungslosen Bohrfortschritt notwendig, dass Fahrer der Tunnelbohrvorrichtung rechtzeitig auf Druckveränderungen reagiert. Dafür müssen die Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit, die Förderdrücke bzw. Fördermengen und die Speisedrücke und Speisemengen hinreichend überwacht und geregelt werden. Dieses erfordert von Maschinenfahrer sehr viel Erfahrung und Aufmerksamkeit.A face support is also possible without the provision of compressed air in connection with the chamber division. To ensure that drilling progresses smoothly, drivers of the tunnel boring device must respond to pressure changes in good time. For this, the speed of advance, the delivery pressures or delivery volumes and the feed pressures and feed quantities must be adequately monitored and regulated. This requires a great deal of experience and attention from machine operators.

Eine weitere Aufgabe ist es, eine Tunnelbohrmaschine und ein System bereitzustellen, mit denen es möglich ist, auf einfachere Weise den Ortsbrustdruck der Bohrflüssigkeit konstant zu halten.Another object is to provide a tunnel boring machine and a system with which it is possible to keep the face pressure of the drilling fluid constant in a simpler manner.

Gelöst werden diese Aufgaben hinsichtlich der Tunnelbohrmaschine dadurch, dass die Pumpe eine Strahlpumpe ist, die mit einer Treibleitung verbunden ist, über die eine Treibflüssigkeit der Strahlpumpe zugeführt wird, dass die wenigstens eine Pumpe außerhalb des wenigstens einen Abschnitts angeordnet ist, und dass in der wenigstens einen Saugleitung wenigstens ein Absperrventil vorgesehen ist, über das die Saugleitung verschließbar ist.These tasks are solved with regard to the tunnel boring machine in that the pump is a jet pump, which is connected to a drive line via which a propellant liquid is supplied to the jet pump, that the at least one pump is arranged outside the at least one section, and that in the at least one section a suction line, at least one shut-off valve is provided, via which the suction line can be closed.

Im Hinblick auf die erste Aufgabe hat sich überraschender Weise gezeigt, dass es möglich ist, Strahlpumpen entgegen der herrschenden Meinung in der Fachwelt auch beim nassen Bohren mit einer Tunnelbohrmaschine mit Ortsbruststützung einzusetzen. Der Druck an der Ortsbrust bleibt stabil. Weiterhin ist es möglich, mit der Strahlpumpe eine Förderung der mit Bohrklein beladenen Bohrflüssigkeit über die Förderleitung bis zum Schacht bzw. bis Übertage vorzunehmen, ohne eine weitere Pumpe oder eine Zwischenstation vorzusehen.With regard to the first task, it has surprisingly been found that it is possible, contrary to the prevailing opinion among experts, to use jet pumps for wet drilling with a tunnel boring machine with face support. The pressure on the face remains stable. It is also possible to use the jet pump to convey the drilling fluid loaded with cuttings via the delivery line to the shaft or to the surface, without providing another pump or an intermediate station.

Im Hinblick auf die weitere Aufgabe hat sich überraschender Weise gezeigt, dass es möglich ist, durch das Vorsehen einer Strahlpumpe in Verbindung mit wenigstens einem weiteren Regelungselement den Druck an der Ortsbrust auf besonders einfache Weise stabil zu halten. Weiterhin ist es möglich, mit der Strahlpumpe eine Förderung der mit Bohrklein beladenen Bohrflüssigkeit über die Förderleitung bis zum Schacht bzw. bis Übertage vorzunehmen, ohne eine weitere Pumpe oder eine Zwischenstation vorzusehen. Wird ein Druck an der Ortsbrust eingestellt und werden die Leistungen der Förderpumpe und der Speisepumpe wenigstens mit mehr Förderung eingestellt, als für die aktuelle Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit notwendig ist, so ergibt sich überraschender Weise die Möglichkeit, die Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit in Abhängigkeit der geologischen Verhältnisse innerhalb des Bereichs nach oben oder nach unten zu variieren, ohne gleichzeitig die Fördermengen/Förderdrücke der Pumpen anpassen zu müssen. Der Ortsbrustdruck wird dadurch nicht relevant beeinflusst.With regard to the further task, it has surprisingly been found that it is possible to keep the pressure on the working face stable in a particularly simple manner by providing a jet pump in conjunction with at least one further control element. It is also possible to use the jet pump to convey the drilling fluid loaded with cuttings via the delivery line to the shaft or to the surface, without providing another pump or an intermediate station. If a pressure is set on the working face and the outputs of the feed pump and the feed pump are set at least with more delivery than is necessary for the current advance speed, surprisingly there is the possibility of increasing the advance speed depending on the geological conditions within the range or to vary downwards without having to adjust the delivery rates / delivery pressures of the pumps at the same time. The face pressure is not affected by this.

Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass zwischen Speiseleitung und Saugleitung eine Verbindungsleitung vorgesehen ist, die bevorzugt mit einem Absperrventil verschließbar ist. Durch das Vorsehen der Verbindungsleitung wird es möglich, beim Anfahren der Tunnelbohrvorrichtung Schwankungen bzw. große Druckspitzen oder Drucksenken an der Ortsbrust und damit am Ortsbruststützdruck zu vermeiden, die durch das abrupte Schließen und Öffnen der Absperrventile in Speise- und/oder Saugleitung entstehen können.Another teaching of the invention provides that a connecting line is provided between the feed line and suction line, which can preferably be closed with a shut-off valve. The provision of the connecting line makes it possible to avoid fluctuations or large pressure peaks or pressure drops on the face and thus on the face support pressure when starting up the tunnel boring device, which can result from the abrupt closing and opening of the shut-off valves in the feed and / or suction line.

Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass in der Speiseleitung ein Absperrventil vorgesehen ist. Hierdurch lässt sich auf einfache Weise der Bereich der Ortsbrust vom restlichen Leitungssystem abtrennen.Another teaching of the invention provides that a shut-off valve is provided in the feed line. In this way, the area of the working face can be separated from the rest of the pipe system in a simple manner.

Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass in der Treibleitung eine Regelungsvorrichtung, bevorzugt ein Regelventil, vorgesehen ist, von dem die Speiseleitung abführt, über die der Volumenstrom der Bohrflüssigkeit in der Speiseleitung einstellbar ist. Hierdurch ist es möglich, nur mit einer Leitung und einer Pumpe die Versorgung der Strahlpumpe mit Treibflüssigkeit und gleichzeitig auch der Ortsbrust mit Speiseflüssigkeit vorzunehmen.A further teaching of the invention provides that a control device, preferably a control valve, is provided in the drive line, from which the feed line leads, via which the volume flow of the drilling fluid in the feed line can be adjusted. This makes it possible to use only one line and one pump Supply the jet pump with propellant and at the same time supply the face with the feed liquid.

Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Pumpe über die Treibleitung mit einer Hochdruckpumpe verbunden ist. Durch das Bereitstellen von hohen Drücken in der Treibleitung wird es möglich, die Bohrflüssigkeit vermischt mit Bohrklein über größere Distanzen durch die Förderleitung zu fördern.Another teaching of the invention provides that the pump is connected to a high-pressure pump via the drive line. The provision of high pressures in the drive line makes it possible to convey the drilling fluid mixed with cuttings over greater distances through the delivery line.

Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Bohrflüssigkeit und/oder die Treibflüssigkeit eine Bentonitsuspension ist. Diese ist insbesondere durch eine Separationsanlage aufbereitet, um diese im Kreislauf zu verwenden.Another teaching of the invention provides that the drilling fluid and / or the driving fluid is a bentonite suspension. This is processed in particular by a separation system in order to use it in the circuit.

Gelöst wird die erste Aufgabe hinsichtlich des System zum hydraulischen Abfördern von von einer Tunnelbohrvorrichtung, bevorzugt nach einer zuvor beschriebenen Tunnelbohrvorrichtung, gelöstem Bohrklein, wobei die Tunnelbohrvorrichtung zum nassen Bohren mit Ortsbrustdruckregelung ausgelegt ist und einen Abschnitt zur Aufnahme des gelösten Bohrklein aufweist, durch ein System mit einer Speiseleitung zum Zuführen von Bohrflüssigkeit zum Abschnitt, mit einer Saugleitung zum Abfördern von mit Bohrklein vermischter Bohrflüssigkeit, mit einer Strahlpumpe zum Abfördern der mit Bohrklein vermischten Bohrflüssigkeit, mit einer Treibleitung, die an den Treibleitungsanschluss der Strahlpumpe verbunden ist, wobei die Treibflüssigkeit mit einer Treibpumpe zur Strahlpumpe gefördert wird, mit einer Verbindungsleitung zwischen der Speiseleitung und der Saugleitung, wobei in der Saugleitung, der Speiseleitung und der Verbindungsleitung jeweils wenigstens ein Absperrelement vorgesehen ist.The first object is achieved with regard to the system for the hydraulic removal of drill cuttings which have been released from a tunnel boring device, preferably according to a previously described tunnel boring device, the tunnel boring device being designed for wet drilling with face pressure control and having a section for receiving the released cuttings by a system with a feed line for supplying drilling fluid to the section, with a suction line for removing drilling fluid mixed with cuttings, with a jet pump for removing the drilling fluid mixed with cuttings, with a driving line connected to the driving line connection of the jet pump, the driving fluid with a driving pump is conveyed to the jet pump, with a connecting line between the feed line and the suction line, at least one shut-off element being provided in each case in the suction line, the feed line and the connecting line.

Gelöst wird die weitere Aufgabe hinsichtlich des System zum Erzeugen eines stabilen Flüssigkeitsdruck einer Bohrflüssigkeit im Bereich eines Schneidrades einer zum nassen Bohren ausgelegten Tunnelbohrvorrichtung, bevorzugt nach einer zuvor beschriebenen Tunnelbohrvorrichtung, , an einer Ortsbrust, die beim Erstellen einer Bohrung von einem Startpunkt zu einem Zielpunkt im Boden entlang einer vorgegebenen Bohrlinie durch Vorschieben der Tunnelbohrvorrichtung zum Erstellen eines Tunnels oder zum Verlegen einer Rohrleitung vorliegt, wobei die Tunnelbohrvorrichtung einen Abschnitt zur Aufnahme des durch das Schneidrad gelösten Bohrkleins hinter dem Schneidrad, eine Speiseleitung zum Zuführen von Bohrflüssigkeit zur Ortsbrust, eine Saugleitung zum Abfördern von mit Bohrklein vermischter Bohrflüssigkeit aus dem Abschnitt, eine Strahlpumpe zum Abfördern der mit Bohrklein vermischten Bohrflüssigkeit, eine Treibleitung, die an den Treibleitungsanschluss der Strahlpumpe verbunden ist, wobei die Treibflüssigkeit mit einer Treibpumpe zur Strahlpumpe gefördert wird, eine Verbindungsleitung zwischen der Speiseleitung und der Saugleitung, wobei in der Saugleitung, der Speiseleitung und der Verbindungsleitung jeweils wenigstens ein Absperrelement vorgesehen ist, aufweist.The further object is achieved with regard to the system for generating a stable fluid pressure of a drilling fluid in the area of a cutting wheel of a tunnel boring device designed for wet drilling, preferably according to a tunnel boring device described above, on a working face, which when drilling a hole from a starting point to a destination point in the Soil along a predetermined drilling line by advancing the tunnel boring device to create a tunnel or to lay a pipe, the tunnel boring device having a section for receiving the cuttings loosened by the cutting wheel behind the cutting wheel, a feed line for supplying drilling fluid to the working face, a suction line for conveying away of drilling fluid mixed with drilling cuttings from the section, a jet pump for removing the drilling fluid mixed with drilling cuttings, a drive line which is connected to the drive line connection of the jet pump, wherein the propellant is conveyed to the jet pump with a propellant pump, has a connecting line between the feed line and the suction line, at least one shut-off element being provided in the suction line, the feed line and the connecting line.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform,
Fig. 2
eine vergrößerte Darstellung zu Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform,
Fig. 4
eine vergrößerte Darstellung zu Fig. 3,
Fig. 5
eine schematische Darstellung einer dritten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform,
Fig. 6
an vergrößerte Darstellung zu Fig. 5,
Fig. 7
eine schematische Darstellung einer vierten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform, und
Fig. 8
eine vergrößerte Darstellung zu Fig. 7.
The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment in conjunction with a drawing. Show:
Fig. 1
2 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment according to the invention,
Fig. 2
an enlarged view Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 3
2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment according to the invention,
Fig. 4
an enlarged view Fig. 3 ,
Fig. 5
2 shows a schematic representation of a third embodiment according to the invention,
Fig. 6
to enlarged view Fig. 5 ,
Fig. 7
is a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of the invention, and
Fig. 8
an enlarged view Fig. 7 .

Fig. 1 zeigt eine erste erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Tunnelbohrvorrichtung 10. In Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellt ist ein Schacht 40. Des Weiteren dargestellt sind Übertageanlagen 30 sowie die bereits erstellte Bohrung und der darin errichtete Tunnel bzw. die darin eingebrachte Rohrleitung 50. Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the tunnel boring device 10 according to the invention Fig. 1 A shaft 40 is shown schematically. Furthermore, above-ground systems 30 as well as the borehole already created and the tunnel erected therein or the pipeline 50 incorporated therein are shown.

Die Tunnelbohrvorrichtung 10 umfasst ein schematisch dargestelltes Schneidrad 11 als Bohrwerkzeug. Hinter dem Schneidrad 11 ist ein Abschnitt 12 vorgesehen, in dem sich das durch der Schneidrad 11 gelöste Bohrklein (nicht dargestellt) sammelt. Der Bereich des Schneidrades 11 und des Abschnitts 12 ist mit einer Bohrflüssigkeit (nicht dargestellt) hier beispielsweise in Form einer Bentonitspülung gefüllt.The tunnel boring device 10 comprises a schematically illustrated cutting wheel 11 as a boring tool. A section 12 is provided behind the cutting wheel 11, in which the cuttings (not shown) released by the cutting wheel 11 collect. The area of the cutting wheel 11 and the section 12 is filled with a drilling fluid (not shown) here, for example in the form of a bentonite flush.

Der Bereich des Schneidrades 11 an der Ortsbrust (nicht dargestellt) und der Abschnitt 12 sind mit einer Speiseleitung 13 verbunden. Über die Speiseleitung 13 werden dem Bereich des Schneidrades 11 und dem Abschnitt 12 die Bohrflüssigkeit zugeführt. Weiterhin ist der Abschnitt 12 mit einer Saugleitung 14 verbunden. Die Saugleitung 14 ist mit einem Sauganschluss 16 einer Strahlpumpe 15 verbunden. In der Saugleitung 14 ist ein Absperrventil 17 vorgesehen. Am Förderanschluss 18 der Strahlpumpe 15 ist eine Förderleitung 19 vorgesehen. Des Weiteren weist die Strahlpumpe 15 einen Treibleitungsanschluss 21 für eine Treibleitung 20 auf.The area of the cutting wheel 11 on the working face (not shown) and the section 12 are connected to a feed line 13. The drilling fluid is supplied to the area of the cutting wheel 11 and the section 12 via the feed line 13. Section 12 is also connected to a suction line 14. The suction line 14 is connected to a suction connection 16 of a jet pump 15. A shut-off valve 17 is provided in the suction line 14. A delivery line 19 is provided at the delivery connection 18 of the jet pump 15. Furthermore, the jet pump 15 has a drive line connection 21 for a drive line 20.

Die Speiseleitung 13 erstreckt sich von den Übertageanlagen 30 bzw. vom Schacht 40 durch die bereits eingebrachte Rohrleitung bzw. den bereits erstellten Tunnel 50. In der Speiseleitung 13 ist eine Speisepumpe 22 vorgesehen. Diese kann im Bereich der Übertageanlagen 30 oder im Schacht 40 vorgesehen sein. Mit der Treibleitung 20 ist eine Treibpumpe 23 verbunden, die als Hochdruckpumpe ausgeführt ist. Die Förderleitung 19 ist mit einer Separationsanlage 31 zum Trennen der Bohrflüssigkeit vom Bohrklein verbunden. Aus der Separationsanlage 31 werden die Speisepumpe 22 und die Treibpumpe 23 mit Bohrflüssigkeit versorgt, die diese wiederum dann über die Speiseleitung 13 bzw. Treibleitung 20 zum Schneidrad 11 bzw. zur Strahlpumpe 15 fördern.The feed line 13 extends from the surface systems 30 or from the shaft 40 through the pipeline that has already been introduced or the tunnel 50 that has already been created. A feed pump 22 is provided in the feed line 13. This can be provided in the area of the surface systems 30 or in the shaft 40. A drive pump 23, which is designed as a high-pressure pump, is connected to the drive line 20. The delivery line 19 is connected to a separation system 31 for separating the drilling fluid from the cuttings. The feed pump 22 and the drive pump 23 are supplied with drilling fluid from the separation system 31, which in turn then feed them via the feed line 13 or drive line 20 to the cutting wheel 11 or the jet pump 15.

Im Betrieb werden der Bereich des Schneidrades 11 an der Ortsbrust und der Abschnitt 12 über die Speisepumpe 22 durch die Speiseleitung 13 mit Bohrflüssigkeit versorgt. Die Strahlpumpe 15 wird durch die Treibpumpe 23 über die Treibleitung 20 ebenfalls mit Bohrflüssigkeit versorgt. Die Treibflüssigkeit tritt durch den Treibleitungsanschluss 21 in die Strahlpumpe 15 ein. Die Treibflüssigkeit gelangt dann zur Treibdüse 24 und durch diese hindurch, wobei sie beschleunigt wird, in die Mischkammer 25. Durch die Beschleunigung in der Treibdüse 24 wird die Bohrflüssigkeit, die die Mischkammer 25 füllt, in ein Mischrohr 26 transportiert. Dabei reißt die so beschleunigte Bohrflüssigkeit die im Sauganschluss 16 befindliche Bohrflüssigkeit und damit korrespondierend auch die Bohrflüssigkeit, die sich in der Saugleitung 14 befindet, in die Mischkammer 25 mit, wodurch die Strahlpumpe 15 dann über die Saugleitung 14 aus dem Abschnitt 12 die Bohrflüssigkeit und das Bohrklein ansaugt. In der Mischkammer 25 wird dann die als Treibflüssigkeit vorliegende Bohrflüssigkeit mit der aus Bohrklein und Bohrflüssigkeit bestehenden Flüssigkeit aus der Saugleitung vermischt und über das Mischrohr 26 in die Förderleitung 19 transportiert.In operation, the area of the cutting wheel 11 on the working face and the section 12 are supplied with drilling fluid via the feed pump 22 through the feed line 13. The jet pump 15 is also supplied with drilling fluid by the drive pump 23 via the drive line 20. The driving fluid enters the jet pump 15 through the driving line connection 21. The propellant then passes to the propellant nozzle 24 and through it, accelerating it, into the mixing chamber 25. As a result of the acceleration in the propellant nozzle 24, the drilling fluid that fills the mixing chamber 25 is transported into a mixing tube 26. The drilling fluid accelerated in this way entrains the drilling fluid located in the suction connection 16 and thus correspondingly also the drilling fluid which is located in the suction line 14 into the mixing chamber 25, as a result of which the jet pump 15 then pulls the drilling fluid and that out of the section 12 via the suction line 14 Sucks in cuttings. In the mixing chamber 25, the drilling fluid present as the driving fluid is then mixed with the liquid consisting of cuttings and drilling fluid from the suction line and transported into the delivery line 19 via the mixing tube 26.

Zum Anfahren der Bohrvorrichtung wird zunächst das Absperrventil 17 in der Saugleitung 14 geschlossen. Anschließend wird die Bohrflüssigkeit in der Treibleitung 20 über die Treibpumpe 23 der Strahlpumpe 15 zugeführt. Durch die Beschleunigung, die die Bohrflüssigkeit in der Treibdüse 24 erfährt, wird die Bohrflüssigkeit in die Förderleitung und durch diese bis zur Separationsanlage 31 transportiert. Im Bereich des Ansauganschlusses 16 bildet sich, wenn der Betrieb der Pumpe sich eingeregelt hat, ein Unterdruck. Dieser bewirkt, dass, wenn das Absperrventil 17 geöffnet wird, die in der Saugleitung 14 befindliche Bohrspülung direkt in die Pumpe 15 angesaugt wird. Anschließend wird das bei Vortrieb der Tunnelbohrvorrichtung 10 gelöste Bohrklein in den Abschnitt 12 transportiert und im diesen mit der Bohrflüssigkeit vermischt. Die Mischung aus Bohrklein und Bohrflüssigkeit wird durch die Saugleitung 14 von der Strahlpumpe 15 entsprechend angesaugt.To start the drilling device, the shut-off valve 17 in the suction line 14 is first closed. The drilling fluid in the drive line 20 is then fed to the jet pump 15 via the drive pump 23. As a result of the acceleration that the drilling fluid experiences in the driving nozzle 24, the drilling fluid is transported into the delivery line and through this to the separation system 31. A negative pressure is formed in the area of the suction connection 16 when the operation of the pump has settled. This causes that when the shut-off valve 17 is opened, the drilling fluid located in the suction line 14 is sucked directly into the pump 15. Subsequently, the cuttings loosened when the tunnel boring device 10 is driven are transported into the section 12 and mixed therein with the drilling fluid. The mixture of cuttings and drilling fluid is sucked in accordingly through the suction line 14 by the jet pump 15.

Zum Anfahren der Bohrvorrichtung wird auch zunächst das Absperrventil 17 in der Saugleitung 14 geschlossen. Die Speisepumpe 22 wird gestartet und dem Bereich des Schneidrades 11 wird Bohrflüssigkeit zugeführt, bis der gewünschte Druck an der Ortsbrust anliegt. Anschließend wird die Bohrflüssigkeit in der Treibleitung 20 über die Treibpumpe 23 der Strahlpumpe 15 zugeführt. Durch die Beschleunigung, die die Bohrflüssigkeit in der Treibdüse 24 erfährt, wird die Bohrflüssigkeit in die Förderleitung und durch diese bis zur Separationsanlage 31 transportiert. Im Bereich des Ansauganschlusses 16 bildet sich, wenn der Betrieb der Pumpe sich eingeregelt hat, ein Unterdruck. Dieser bewirkt, dass, wenn das Absperrventil 17 geöffnet wird, die in der Saugleitung 14 befindliche Bohrspülung direkt in die Pumpe 15 angesaugt wird. Der Druck an der Ortsbrust wird nach dem Öffnen des Absperrventils 17 über eine Regelung der Speisepumpe nachgeregelt, sofern erforderlich. Anschließend wird das bei Vortrieb der Tunnelbohrvorrichtung 10 gelöste Bohrklein in den Abschnitt 12 transportiert und im diesen mit der Bohrflüssigkeit vermischt. Die Mischung aus Bohrklein und Bohrflüssigkeit wird durch die Saugleitung 14 von der Strahlpumpe 15 entsprechend angesaugt. Dabei steigen die Dichte sowie die Reibungsverluste in der Förderleitung 19. Gleichzeitig sinkt die Saugleistung der Strahlpumpe 15, wenn der Druck an der Düse gleichbleibt. Aus diesem Grund muss entweder mit der Treibpumpe 23 der Druck und somit der Volumenstrom an der Treibdüse 24 gesteigert werden, was eine direkte Regelung erfordert, um den Ortsbrustdruck konstant zu halten, oder der durch die Treibpumpe 23 vorgesehene Druck wird größer als der entstehende Druckverlust gesetzt, so dass der Druckverlust kompensiert wird, so dass keine relevante Veränderung des Ortsbrustdrucks entsteht. Erfolgt eine Veränderung des Vortriebs ändert sich auch die Dichte des Gemisches aus Bohrflüssigkeit und Bohrklein. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass diese Dichteänderung keinen Einfluss auf den Ortsbrustdruck hat, und keine Anpassung der Fördervolumenstroms, des Förderdrucks, des Speisevolumenstroms oder des Speisedrucks notwendig macht. Die Förderparameter können dabei beispielsweise maximal in der Förderkennlinie der Förderpumpe erfolgen, was mit Energieverlusten beim Pumpen einhergeht, oder die Förderparameter werden unterhalb des Maximums aber oberhalb der normalerweise notwendigen Förderparameter (Druck und Volumenstrom) eingestellt, so dass ein entsprechender Spielraum vorhanden ist. Wird dann ein Grenzwert überschritten ist eine entsprechende Regelung erforderlich.To start the drilling device, the shut-off valve 17 in the suction line 14 is also first closed. The feed pump 22 is started and drilling fluid is supplied to the area of the cutting wheel 11 until the desired pressure is applied to the working face. The drilling fluid in the drive line 20 is then fed to the jet pump 15 via the drive pump 23. As a result of the acceleration that the drilling fluid experiences in the driving nozzle 24, the drilling fluid is transported into the delivery line and through this to the separation system 31. A negative pressure is formed in the area of the suction connection 16 when the operation of the pump has settled. This causes that when the shut-off valve 17 is opened, the drilling fluid located in the suction line 14 is sucked directly into the pump 15. The pressure on the working face is adjusted after opening the shut-off valve 17 by regulating the feed pump, if necessary. Subsequently, the cuttings loosened when the tunnel boring device 10 is driven are transported into the section 12 and mixed therein with the drilling fluid. The mixture of cuttings and drilling fluid is sucked in accordingly through the suction line 14 by the jet pump 15. This increases the density and the friction losses in the delivery line 19. At the same time, the suction power of the jet pump 15 drops when the pressure at the nozzle remains the same. For this reason, either the pressure and thus the volume flow at the drive nozzle 24 must be increased with the drive pump 23, which requires a direct control in order to keep the face pressure constant, or the pressure provided by the drive pump 23 is set greater than the pressure loss which arises , so that the pressure loss is compensated for, so that no relevant change in the face pressure arises. If the jacking is changed, the density of the mixture of drilling fluid and cuttings also changes. It has been shown that this change in density has no influence on the face pressure and does not require any adjustment of the delivery volume flow, the delivery pressure, the feed volume flow or the feed pressure. The delivery parameters can, for example, take place at the maximum in the delivery characteristic of the delivery pump, which is associated with energy losses during pumping, or the delivery parameters are set below the maximum but above the delivery parameters normally required (pressure and volume flow), so that there is adequate scope. If a limit value is then exceeded, a corresponding regulation is required.

Nach Beendigung des Bohrvortrieb wird die Strahlpumpe 15 solange weiterbetrieben, bis kein Bohrklein mehr in der Separationsanlage 31 anfällt. Anschließend wird das Absperrventil 17 geschlossen, die Förderung der Speisepumpe 22 eingestellt, und anschließend dann die Förderung der Treibpumpe 23 eingestellt, wodurch die Förderung der Bohrflüssigkeit durch die Förderleitung 19 dann beendet wird.After completion of the drilling operation, the jet pump 15 continues to be operated until there is no more cuttings in the separation system 31. Then the shut-off valve 17 is closed, the delivery of the feed pump 22 is stopped, and then the delivery of the drive pump 23 is stopped, whereby the delivery of the drilling fluid through the delivery line 19 is then ended.

Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 zeigen eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Diese unterscheidet sich von der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 1, 2 dadurch, dass die Speiseleitung 13 sich nicht mehr bis zum Schacht 40 erstreckt. Weiterhin ist keine Speisepumpe 22 vorgesehen. Stattdessen ist nur eine Treibpumpe 23 vorgesehen, die mit einer Treibleitung 20 mit der Strahlpumpe 15 verbunden ist. Im Bereich der Tunnelbohrvorrichtung 10 ist in der Treibleitung 20 ein Regelventil 27 vorgesehen, an dem die Speiseleitung 13 abgreift. Die Speiseleitung 13 ist wie bisher mit dem Bereich des Schneidrads 11 und dem Abschnitt 12 verbunden. Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show a second embodiment of a device according to the invention. This differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , 2nd thereby, that the feed line 13 no longer extends to the shaft 40. Furthermore, no feed pump 22 is provided. Instead, only one drive pump 23 is provided, which is connected to the jet pump 15 by a drive line 20. In the area of the tunnel boring device 10, a control valve 27 is provided in the drive line 20, on which the feed line 13 taps. As before, the feed line 13 is connected to the region of the cutting wheel 11 and the section 12.

Beim Anfahren wird die Bohrflüssigkeit von der Treibpumpe 23 der Strahlpumpe 15 über die Treibleitung 20 dem Treibleitungsanschluss 21 zugeführt. Das Regelventil 27 und das Absperrventil 17 sind dabei geschlossen, sodass die Bohrflüssigkeit, die von der Treibpumpe 23 zur Strahlpumpe 15 gefördert wurde, durch die Förderleitung 19 wieder der Separationsanlage 31 zugeführt wird. Zunächst wird das Regelventil 27 so weit geöffnet, dass der benötigte Volumenstrom an Bohrflüssigkeit, der im Bereich des Schneidrads benötigt wird, beispielsweise um den gewünschten Ortsbrustdruck bereitzustellen, und dem Abschnitt 12 zugeführt werden soll, zur Verfügung steht. Gleichzeitig wird dann das Absperrventil 17 geöffnet, sodass wie zuvor beschrieben die Förderung von Bohrflüssigkeit und Bohrklein durch die Saugleitung 14 erfolgt. Eine Anpassung des Speisevolumenstroms muss dabei über ein Einstellen/Justieren des Regelventils 27 erfolgen.When starting, the drilling fluid is supplied from the drive pump 23 to the jet pump 15 via the drive line 20 to the drive line connection 21. The control valve 27 and the shut-off valve 17 are closed, so that the drilling fluid, which was conveyed from the drive pump 23 to the jet pump 15, is returned to the separation system 31 through the delivery line 19. First, the control valve 27 is opened to such an extent that the required volume flow of drilling fluid, which is required in the area of the cutting wheel, for example in order to provide the desired working face pressure and is to be supplied to the section 12, is available. At the same time, the shutoff valve 17 is then opened, so that, as described above, the drilling fluid and cuttings are conveyed through the suction line 14. The feed volume flow must be adjusted by adjusting / adjusting the control valve 27.

Beim Beenden des Tunnelbohrvortriebs wird zunächst der Bereich des Schneidrads 11 und des Abschnitts 12 solange weiter mit Bohrflüssigkeit beaufschlagt, bis eine Separationsanlage 31 kein weiteres Bohrklein anfällt. Anschließen werden das Regelventil 27 und das Absperrventil 17 geschlossen, und die Förderung der Bohrflüssigkeit durch die Treibpumpe 23 eingestellt.When the tunnel boring operation is terminated, the area of the cutting wheel 11 and the section 12 is first subjected to drilling fluid until a separation system 31 does not produce any further cuttings. The control valve 27 and the shut-off valve 17 are then closed, and the delivery of the drilling fluid by the drive pump 23 is set.

Fig. 5, 6 zeigen eine alternative Ausgestaltung zur Ausführung der Fig. 1, 2. Hierbei ist in der Speiseleitung 13 einen Absperrventil 28 im Bereich des Abschnitts 12 vorgesehen. Analog dazu ist das Absperrventil 17 angeordnet. Zwischen der Speiseleitung 13 und der Saugleitung 14 ist in einem Abschnitt 29 zwischen Absperrventil 17 und Sauanschluss 16 eine Verbindungsleitung 32 vorgesehen, die ein Absperrventil 33 aufweist. Zum Anfahren und Vorbereiten des Bohrens sind die Absperrventile 17 und 28 geschlossen. Das Absperrventil 33 in der Verbindungsleitung ist offen. Die Treibpumpe 23 und die Speisepumpe 22 werden eingeschaltet und die Bohrflüssigkeit wird durch die Speiseleitung 13 und die Verbindungsleitung 32 zum Sauganschluss 16 der Strahlpumpe 15 transportiert. Die über die Treibleitung 20 zugeführte Bohrflüssigkeit und die über die Speiseleitung 13 zugeführte Bohrflüssigkeit verbinden sich in der Mischkammer 25 und werden über die Förderleitung 19 abtransportiert. Sobald sich das System eingeregelt hat, werden die beiden Absperrventile 17 und 28 geöffnet und das Absperrventil 33 in der Verbindungsleitung 32 geschlossen, sodass die Strahlpumpe 15 jetzt aus dem Abschnitt 12 durch die Saugleitung 14 ansaugt, wobei der Bereich der Ortsbrust bzw. des Schneidrades 11 und des Abschnitts 12 über die Speiseleitung 13 mit Bohrflüssigkeit entsprechend beaufschlagt wird. Fig. 5 , 6 show an alternative embodiment for executing the Fig. 1 , 2nd . A shut-off valve 28 is provided in the region of section 12 in the feed line 13. The shut-off valve 17 is arranged analogously to this. Between the feed line 13 and the suction line 14, a connecting line 32 is provided in a section 29 between the shut-off valve 17 and the suction connection 16, which has a shut-off valve 33. The shut-off valves 17 and 28 are closed for starting and preparing for drilling. The shut-off valve 33 in the connecting line is open. The drive pump 23 and the feed pump 22 are switched on and the drilling fluid is transported through the feed line 13 and the connecting line 32 to the suction connection 16 of the jet pump 15. The drilling fluid supplied via the drive line 20 and the drilling fluid supplied via the feed line 13 combine in the mixing chamber 25 and are transported away via the delivery line 19. As soon as the system has adjusted, the two shut-off valves 17 and 28 are opened and the shut-off valve 33 in the connecting line 32 is closed, so that the jet pump 15 now draws in from the section 12 through the suction line 14, the area of the working face or the Cutting wheel 11 and section 12 is supplied with drilling fluid accordingly via the feed line 13.

Die Speisepumpe 22 beschickt den Abbaubereich und die Ortsbrust, bis ein entsprechender Ortsbrustdruck vorherrscht. Ggf. ist ein Nachregeln über die Speisepumpe 22 erforderlich. Die Strahlpumpe 15 saugt jetzt aus dem Abschnitt 12 durch die Saugleitung 14 an, wobei der Bereich der Ortsbrust bzw. des Schneidrades 11 und des Abschnitts 12 über die Speiseleitung 13 die entnommene Bohrflüssigkeit entsprechend wieder zugeführt wird. Der Bohrbetrieb und das Konstanthalten des Ortsbrustdrucks erfolgt wie zuvor beschrieben.The feed pump 22 feeds the mining area and the working face until a corresponding working face pressure prevails. Possibly. readjustment via the feed pump 22 is required. The jet pump 15 now draws in from the section 12 through the suction line 14, the region of the working face or the cutting wheel 11 and the section 12 being fed back in accordingly via the feed line 13. Drilling and keeping the face pressure constant is done as previously described.

Nach Beenden des Bohrbetriebs werden wiederum, nachdem an der Separationsanlage 31 kein Bohrklein ankommt, die Abschlussventile 17, 28, 33 in umgekehrter Reihenfolge wieder geschaltet.After the drilling operation is ended, after no drilling cuttings arrive at the separation system 31, the shutoff valves 17, 28, 33 are switched in the reverse order.

Fig. 7, 8 zeigt eine alternative Ausführungsform zu Fig. 3, 4. Auch hier ist analog eine entsprechende Verbindungsleitung 32 mit Absperrventil 33 vorgesehen. Weiterhin weist die Speiseleitung 13 ebenfalls ein Absperrventil 28 auf. Bei geöffnetem Absperrventil 33 und entsprechend eingeregeltem Regelventil 27 wird die Treibpumpe 23 eingeschaltet, sodass der notwendige Treibvolumenstrom über die Treibleitung 20 am Treibleitungsanschluss 21 die Strahlpumpe 15 erreicht. Gleichzeitig fließt entsprechend der über das Regelventil 27 eingestellte Speisevolumenstrom durch die Verbindungsleitung 22 zum Sauganschluss 16 der Strahlpumpe 15. Hat sich das System eingeregelt, werden die Absperrventile 17, 28 geöffnet und das Absperrventil 33 der Verbindungsleitung 32 geschlossen. Dadurch wird der Speisevolumenstrom der Bohrflüssigkeit zum Schneidrad 11 bzw. Abschnitt 12 transportiert und gleichzeitig aus dem Abschnitt 12 entsprechend mit Bohrklein vermischt über die Saugleitung 14 zum Sauganschluss 16 der Strahlpumpe 15 gefördert. Die Bohrflüssigkeit zusammen mit dem Bohrklein tritt in die Mischkammer 25 der Strahlpumpe 15 ein, wird dort mit dem Volumenstrom aus der Treibleitung 20 vermischt und über das Mischrohr 26 und die Förderleitung 19 der Separationsanlage 31 zugeführt. Das Beenden des Bohrbetriebs bewirkt eine umgekehrte Schaltreihenfolge der Absperrventile 17, 28, 33. Der Ortsbrustdruck wird dabei entsprechend wie zuvor beschrieben konstant gehalten. Fig. 7 , 8th shows an alternative embodiment Fig. 3 , 4th . A corresponding connecting line 32 with shut-off valve 33 is also provided here analogously. Furthermore, the feed line 13 also has a shut-off valve 28. When the shut-off valve 33 is open and the control valve 27 is regulated accordingly, the drive pump 23 is switched on, so that the necessary drive volume flow reaches the jet pump 15 via the drive line 20 at the drive line connection 21. At the same time, the feed volume flow set via the control valve 27 flows through the connecting line 22 to the suction connection 16 of the jet pump 15. If the system has adjusted, the shut-off valves 17, 28 are opened and the shut-off valve 33 of the connecting line 32 is closed. As a result, the feed volume flow of the drilling fluid is transported to the cutting wheel 11 or section 12 and, at the same time, is conveyed from the section 12 correspondingly mixed with cuttings via the suction line 14 to the suction connection 16 of the jet pump 15. The drilling fluid together with the cuttings enters the mixing chamber 25 of the jet pump 15, is mixed there with the volume flow from the drive line 20 and fed to the separation system 31 via the mixing tube 26 and the delivery line 19. The termination of the drilling operation causes a reverse switching sequence of the shut-off valves 17, 28, 33. The face pressure is kept constant as previously described.

Durch die Strahlpumpe als Förderpumpe ist es überraschender Weise möglich Dichteschwankungen durch das Aufnehmen/Ansaugen/Abfördern von Bohrklein mit der Bohrflüssigkeit innerhalb der Kennwerte zu kompensieren, so dass der Ortsbrustdruck im Wesentlichen konstant bleibt trotz Änderungen in der Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit oder der Dichte des Bohrkleins.With the jet pump as the feed pump, it is surprisingly possible to compensate for density fluctuations by taking up / sucking in / discharging cuttings with the drilling fluid within the characteristic values, so that the face pressure remains essentially constant despite changes in the rate of advance or the density of the cuttings.

Das Verbindungsleitung 32 und das Vorsehen der Absperrventile 17, 28, 33 bewirken eine entscheidende Verbesserung beim Anfahren der Tunnelbohrvorrichtung 10 dergestalt, dass die Strahlpumpe 15 sich bereits vollständig in einem geregelten Betrieb befindet und am Sauganschluss 16 kein Vakuum vorliegt. Werden jetzt die Absperrventile 17, 28, 33 geschaltet, so beginnt augenblicklich der direkte Transport der Bohrflüssigkeit in den Abschnitt 12 hinein bzw. aus diesem heraus. Da der Abschnitt 12 bereits entsprechend mit Bohrflüssigkeit gefüllt ist, wird hierdurch ein Auflösen des Vakuums, dass an dem Absperrventil 17 herrscht, wenn keine Verbindungsleitung 32 vorgesehen ist, vermieden. Das Auflösen des Vakuums durch Betätigen des Absperrventils 17 bewirkt einen schlagfertigen Druckanstieg im Bereich der Ortsbrust, was sich durch das Vorsehen der Verbindungsleitung 32 entsprechend vermeiden lässt.The connecting line 32 and the provision of the shut-off valves 17, 28, 33 bring about a decisive improvement when starting up the tunnel boring device 10 in such a way that the jet pump 15 is already in a fully regulated operation and there is no vacuum at the suction connection 16. If the shut-off valves 17, 28, 33 are now switched, the direct transport of the drilling fluid into and out of the section 12 immediately begins. Since section 12 is already correspondingly filled with drilling fluid, this avoids a breakdown of the vacuum that prevails at shut-off valve 17 when no connecting line 32 is provided. The release of the vacuum by actuating the shut-off valve 17 causes a sudden increase in pressure in the area of the working face, which can be avoided accordingly by providing the connecting line 32.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

1010th
TunnelbohrvorrichtungTunnel drilling device
1111
Schneidrad/BohrwerkzeugCutting wheel / drilling tool
1212th
Abschnittsection
1313
SpeiseleitungFeed line
1414
SaugleitungSuction line
1515
StrahlpumpeJet pump
1616
SauganschlussSuction connection
1717th
AbsperrventilShut-off valve
1818th
FörderanschlussFunding connection
1919th
FörderleitungConveyor line
2020th
TreibleitungDrive line
2121
TreibanschlussDrive connection
2222
SpeisepumpeFeed pump
2323
Treibpumpe/HD-PumpePropellant pump / HP pump
2424th
TreibdüsePropellant nozzle
2525th
MischkammerMixing chamber
2626
MischrohrMixing tube
2727
RegelventilControl valve
2828
AbsperrventilShut-off valve
2929
Abschnittsection
3030th
ÜbertageanlagenSurface systems
3131
SeparationsanlageSeparation plant
3232
VerbindungsleitungConnecting line
3333
AbsperrventilShut-off valve
4040
SchachtShaft
5050
Rohrleitung/TunnelPipeline / tunnel

Claims (9)

  1. Tunnel boring device for creating a bore from a starting point to a target point in the ground along a predefined boring line by advancing the tunnel boring device (10) in order to create a tunnel or in order to lay a pipeline (50) in the ground using a boring tool (11) to break up the ground, having at least one feed line (13) for supplying a boring fluid to the boring tool (11), having at least one section, arranged on the rear side of the boring tool (11), for receiving the broken-up ground which is present in the form of cuttings, wherein the region of the boring tool (11) and the at least one section are substantially filled with boring fluid, and the boring fluid is provided in the region of the boring tool (11) and within the at least one section with a pressure which substantially corresponds to the pressure prevailing in the ground at the heading face, having at least one pump (15) for removing, from the section, the boring fluid mixed with the cuttings, and having at least one conveying line (19) for removing, from the bore, the boring fluid mixed with cuttings, said line being connected to the delivery side of the at least one pump (15), and wherein the at least one pump (15) is connected to the at least one section via at least one suction line (14), wherein the pump (15) is a jet pump which is connected to a driving line (20) via which a driving fluid is supplied to the jet pump (15), wherein the at least one pump (15) is arranged outside the at least one section, and wherein at least one shut-off valve (17) via which the suction line (14) can be closed is provided in the at least one suction line (14).
  2. Tunnel boring device according to Claim 1, characterized in that a connection line (32) is provided between the feed line (13) and suction line (14) .
  3. Tunnel boring device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the connecting line (32) can be closed by a shut-off valve (33).
  4. Tunnel boring device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a shut-off valve (28) is provided in the feed line (13).
  5. Tunnel boring device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a regulating device from which the feed line (13) leads away is provided in the driving line (20) and via which the volumetric flow of the boring fluid in the feed line (13) can be set.
  6. Tunnel boring device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the regulating device is a control valve (27).
  7. Tunnel boring device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pump (15) is connected to a high-pressure pump (23) via the driving line (20).
  8. Tunnel boring device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the boring fluid and/or the driving fluid are/is a bentonite suspension.
  9. Tunnel boring device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the bentonite suspension can be used as a processed boring suspension in a circulating arrangement.
EP17701714.2A 2016-02-01 2017-01-27 Tunnel boring device and system for the hydraulic removal of cuttings, and system for producing a stable fluid pressure for a boring fluid in the region of a cutting disk of the tunnel boring device Active EP3400371B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17701714T PL3400371T3 (en) 2016-02-01 2017-01-27 Tunnel boring device and system for the hydraulic removal of cuttings, and system for producing a stable fluid pressure for a boring fluid in the region of a cutting disk of the tunnel boring device

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016001001.0A DE102016001001A1 (en) 2016-02-01 2016-02-01 A tunnel boring apparatus and system for generating a stable fluid pressure of a drilling fluid in the region of a cutting wheel of a tunnel boring apparatus
DE102016001032.0A DE102016001032A1 (en) 2016-02-01 2016-02-01 Tunnel boring device and system for the hydraulic discharge of cuttings
PCT/EP2017/051816 WO2017133986A1 (en) 2016-02-01 2017-01-27 Tunnel boring device and system for the hydraulic removal of cuttings, and system for producing a stable fluid pressure for a boring fluid in the region of a cutting disk of the tunnel boring device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3400371A1 EP3400371A1 (en) 2018-11-14
EP3400371B1 true EP3400371B1 (en) 2020-04-08

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EP17701714.2A Active EP3400371B1 (en) 2016-02-01 2017-01-27 Tunnel boring device and system for the hydraulic removal of cuttings, and system for producing a stable fluid pressure for a boring fluid in the region of a cutting disk of the tunnel boring device

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US (1) US11118454B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3400371B1 (en)
CN (1) CN108603406B (en)
AU (1) AU2017214202B2 (en)
CA (1) CA3010425C (en)
DK (1) DK3400371T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2805052T3 (en)
PL (1) PL3400371T3 (en)
PT (1) PT3400371T (en)
RU (1) RU2689100C1 (en)
WO (1) WO2017133986A1 (en)

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CN113617724B (en) * 2021-08-02 2022-06-28 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 Slag removing system and slag removing method for main drive labyrinth cavity of shield machine

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Publication number Publication date
DK3400371T3 (en) 2020-07-13
AU2017214202A1 (en) 2018-08-02
RU2689100C1 (en) 2019-05-23
US11118454B2 (en) 2021-09-14
CN108603406A (en) 2018-09-28
CA3010425C (en) 2020-04-28
US20190032430A1 (en) 2019-01-31
CN108603406B (en) 2020-08-18
WO2017133986A1 (en) 2017-08-10
PL3400371T3 (en) 2020-09-21
PT3400371T (en) 2020-07-13
AU2017214202B2 (en) 2019-04-04
ES2805052T3 (en) 2021-02-10
EP3400371A1 (en) 2018-11-14
CA3010425A1 (en) 2017-08-10

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