EP3371402B1 - Fitting device for a lifting and sliding element with frame-mounted adjusting element - Google Patents

Fitting device for a lifting and sliding element with frame-mounted adjusting element Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3371402B1
EP3371402B1 EP16809051.2A EP16809051A EP3371402B1 EP 3371402 B1 EP3371402 B1 EP 3371402B1 EP 16809051 A EP16809051 A EP 16809051A EP 3371402 B1 EP3371402 B1 EP 3371402B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fitting arrangement
lever
arrangement according
frame
adjustment element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16809051.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3371402A1 (en
Inventor
Eduard Gillesberger
Johannes Meier
Hanspeter Platzer
Alexander Wesser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maco Technologie GmbH
Original Assignee
Maco Technologie GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maco Technologie GmbH filed Critical Maco Technologie GmbH
Publication of EP3371402A1 publication Critical patent/EP3371402A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3371402B1 publication Critical patent/EP3371402B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05DHINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
    • E05D15/00Suspension arrangements for wings
    • E05D15/56Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements
    • E05D15/565Suspension arrangements for wings with successive different movements for raising wings before sliding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fitting arrangement for a lift-slide element such as a lift-slide door or a lift-slide window, which has a fixed frame and a sash which can be moved in a raised position along a lower track in a direction of displacement relative to the frame includes.
  • the invention further relates to a lifting and sliding element with such a fitting arrangement.
  • Fitting arrangements of the type mentioned at the beginning are known, for example, from the area of patio, balcony or winter garden doors.
  • the fixed frame usually has a permanently attached running rail in the floor area.
  • a pivotable handle lever is usually provided on the wing, by means of which the wing can be raised relative to a carriage arranged on the underside of the wing. In a raised state of the wing created in this way, it is possible to move the wing along the running rail with little friction.
  • the document FR 2 244 366 A5 describes a fitting arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the documents DE 18 08 276 A1 and DE 15 59 725 B1 describe further state of the art.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a fitting arrangement for a lift-slide element, which makes it possible to make the edge of the sash as narrow as possible and thus enlarge the transparent area of the sash and at the same time provide the required installation space for movement of the rail strip in a displacement direction to minimize.
  • the task is solved by a fitting arrangement according to claim 1. Since the parts causing the adjustment are arranged on the frame side, no adjustable element, i.e. no adjustable carriage, no longer needs to be provided on the sash. An adjustment mechanism required to adjust the adjustment element can also be installed in the frame, so that an adjustment mechanism is no longer required on the sash.
  • the wing edge can therefore be made relatively narrow and the transparent wing surface can be enlarged relative to the wing edge surface.
  • the rail bar is adjustable in a rectilinear movement perpendicular to the direction of displacement between the lowered position and the raised position.
  • the rail bar moves between the lowered position and the raised position along a straight line that is perpendicular to the direction of displacement. Since this does not result in any movement of the rail strip along the direction of displacement, no installation space needs to be provided for such a movement.
  • the deflection element comprises at least one lever.
  • the deflection element can take any form of part or system that is designed to allow movement of the adjusting element to divert the rail bar into a transverse movement.
  • a wedge can be formed on the adjusting element, on the sloping surface of which the rail bar rests and by moving the adjusting element, the rail bar can be slidably moved along the sloping surface from the lowered position to the raised position.
  • the lever can be rotatably coupled to the adjusting element and/or the rail bar. By coupling the lever with the adjusting element and the rail bar in this way, the rail bar can be easily moved from the lowered position to the raised position and back.
  • the lever can, for example, also be rotatably attached to the frame and only rest on the rail bar.
  • the deflection element comprises a second lever which is effective between the frame and the adjusting element.
  • one end of the second lever can be rotatably attached to the adjusting element and the other end can be rotatably attached to the rail bar.
  • first lever and the second lever are preferably of the same length.
  • first lever can be rotatably mounted at a first coupling point with the adjusting element and at a second coupling point with the rail strip
  • second lever can be rotatably mounted at a third coupling point with the frame and at a fourth coupling point with the adjusting element
  • first levers in particular exactly two first levers, can be rotatable at the first coupling point with the adjusting element and at the second coupling point with the rail bar be mounted and / or several second levers, in particular two second levers, can be rotatably mounted at the third coupling point with the frame and at the fourth coupling point with the adjusting element.
  • the plurality of first levers and/or the plurality of second levers of a deflection element can each be arranged on opposite sides of the adjusting element.
  • the first lever and the second lever together form an expanding lever lifting unit. This enables particularly good power transmission.
  • the first coupling point and the fourth coupling point lie on an axis of rotation. This means that the formation of a coupling point on the adjusting element can be saved.
  • the at least one lever can be in the lifting position of the adjusting element perpendicular to the rail strip and/or the adjusting element, i.e. in mounted position State perpendicular to the floor surface.
  • both levers it is advantageous if both levers are arranged perpendicular to the rail bar and/or the adjusting element in the raised position of the rail bar.
  • the adjusting element extends along the rail strip in the direction of displacement and a plurality of deflection elements are formed or arranged along the adjusting element. In this way, the adjustment movement can be redirected via several deflection elements, whereby the individual deflection element is subjected to less stress.
  • deflection elements Lever which together form an expansion lever lifting unit, the several deflection elements form a statically determined guide for the rail bar.
  • an exclusively rotatably mounted roller can be provided on the sash side, which is in contact with the raceway in an installed position - at least in the raised position of the rail strip.
  • the roller is rotatably mounted on an axle which is aligned perpendicular to the direction of displacement.
  • the diameter of the roll should preferably be as large as possible in order to ensure smooth rolling. However, the diameter should only be as large as necessary, as this limits the minimum width of the sash frame.
  • the roller and the running rail preferably have corresponding running surfaces, by means of which the wing can be moved in a guided manner.
  • the roller has a particularly V-shaped groove on its peripheral surface and the running rail has a matching, particularly V-shaped elevation.
  • the survey can then serve as a career path for the role.
  • a lift-slide element which is designed, for example, as a lift-slide door or lift-slide window and includes a fitting arrangement according to the invention.
  • the figures show a fitting arrangement 10 of a lift-slide door 12 with a frame 14, a sliding door leaf 16 ( Fig. 1 ) and a fixed door leaf 18.
  • the movable door leaf 16 and the fixed door leaf 18 each have a transparent triple-glazed visible surface 20, 22 and a leaf edge 24, 26 made, for example, of plastic.
  • the wing edge 24, 26 is designed to be as narrow as possible in order to enable a large, transparent viewing surface 20, 22.
  • a width B of the wing edge 24 is limited primarily by a diameter of a roller 28 accommodated in the wing edge 24 of the displaceable door wing 16.
  • the roller 28 is completely arranged in a recess 30 and is rotatably mounted there about an axis of rotation 32.
  • the roller 28 has a V-shaped groove 34 on its peripheral surface, into which a rail-like V-shaped elevation 36 of a rail strip 38 arranged on the frame side engages. In this way, several rollers 28 are brought into engagement with the V-shaped elevation 36 of the rail strip 38 along an underside 39 of the displaceable door leaf 16.
  • the V-shaped elevation 36 protrudes from the profile of the frame 14 in that the V-shaped elevation 36 protrudes through an elongated slot-shaped recess 37 on the top of the frame 14.
  • the rail strip 38 In order to raise the displaceable door leaf 16 from a lowered position in which the door leaf 16 cannot be displaced to a raised position in which the door leaf 16 is displaceable, the rail strip 38 is between a lowered position (see Fig. 1 and 2 ) and adjustable to a raised position.
  • an adjusting element 40 is provided, which can be controlled, for example, by means of an electric motor.
  • the adjusting element 40 is designed in the form of a strip which extends along the rail strip 38 in the displacement direction 41.
  • the adjusting element 40 is rotatably coupled to a plurality of first levers 44 at first coupling points 42.
  • the first levers 44 are in turn rotatably coupled to the rail strip 38 at second coupling points 46.
  • the adjusting element 40 is rotatably coupled to second levers 50 at fourth coupling points 48, which correspond to the first coupling points 42.
  • the second levers 50 are in turn rotatably coupled to the frame 14 at third coupling points 52.
  • the first levers 44 and the second levers 50 are of the same length and the second coupling points 46 and the third coupling points 52 are as shown in Fig. 2 can be seen, in pairs on top of each other.
  • the first levers 44 and the second levers 50 are spread and the rail bar 38 is thereby raised relative to the frame 14.
  • the rail strip 38 When the rail strip 38 is lifted, it pushes the displaceable door leaf 16 upwards, so that the underside 39 of the displaceable door leaf 16 no longer rests on the frame 14, but only the roller 28 rests on the rail strip 38.
  • the displaceable door leaf 16 In a raised position of the rail strip 38 (not shown), the displaceable door leaf 16 can thus be moved in the direction of the displacement direction 41 without significant friction losses, that is to say only under rolling friction.
  • first levers 44 and two second levers 50 are provided per deflection element 54, that is, in the embodiment shown here, per first coupling point 42.
  • the first levers 44 are always aligned parallel to one another and move synchronously with one another. The same applies to the second levers 50.
  • the first levers 44 are arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the adjusting element 40 and are rotatably coupled to it.
  • the first levers 44 are also rotatably coupled to both sides on the rail strip 38 by means of a first axis 56.
  • Two second levers 50 are also provided per deflection element 54, which are each rotatably coupled to the frame 14 on both sides by means of a second axis 58.
  • the rail bar 38 is rotatably mounted together with the two first levers 44, the two second levers 50 and the adjusting element 40 on a third axis 60. There are two arms of the rail bar 38 on the outside of the third axis 60, towards the middle first the two second levers 50, then the first two levers 44 and the adjusting element 40 in the middle.
  • a drain 66 is provided, which directs the water into a drainage channel 68 .
  • the frame 14 is installed flush with a floor 70 on the inside and outside.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Support Devices For Sliding Doors (AREA)
  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Beschlaganordnung für ein Hebe-Schiebe-Element wie eine Hebe-Schiebe-Tür oder ein Hebe-Schiebe-Fenster, das einen feststehenden Rahmen und einen in einer angehobenen Stellung entlang einer unteren Laufbahn in einer Verschieberichtung gegenüber dem Rahmen verschiebbaren Flügel umfasst. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Hebe-Schiebe-Element mit einer solchen Beschlaganordnung.The present invention relates to a fitting arrangement for a lift-slide element such as a lift-slide door or a lift-slide window, which has a fixed frame and a sash which can be moved in a raised position along a lower track in a direction of displacement relative to the frame includes. The invention further relates to a lifting and sliding element with such a fitting arrangement.

Beschlaganordnungen der eingangs genannten Art sind beispielsweise aus dem Bereich der Terrassen-, Balkon- oder Wintergartentüren bekannt. Der feststehende Rahmen weist in der Regel im Bodenbereich eine fest angebrachte Laufschiene auf. An dem Flügel ist in der Regel ein schwenkbarer Griffhebel vorgesehen, mittels dem der Flügel relativ zu einem an der Unterseite des Flügels angeordneten Laufwagen angehoben werden kann. In einem dadurch erzeugten angehobenen Zustand des Flügels ist es möglich, den Flügel reibungsarm entlang der Laufschiene zu verschieben.Fitting arrangements of the type mentioned at the beginning are known, for example, from the area of patio, balcony or winter garden doors. The fixed frame usually has a permanently attached running rail in the floor area. A pivotable handle lever is usually provided on the wing, by means of which the wing can be raised relative to a carriage arranged on the underside of the wing. In a raised state of the wing created in this way, it is possible to move the wing along the running rail with little friction.

Bekannte Beschlaganordnungen benötigen flügelseitig relativ viel Bauraum und verursachen dadurch, dass der Flügelrand, d.h. der in aller Regel nicht transparente Bereich des Flügels, relativ breit ausgebildet ist.Known fitting arrangements require a relatively large amount of space on the sash side and thereby cause the sash edge, i.e. the generally non-transparent area of the sash, to be relatively wide.

Das Dokument FR 2 244 366 A5 beschreibt eine Beschlaganordnung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Die Dokumente DE 18 08 276 A1 und DE 15 59 725 B1 beschreiben weiteren Stand der Technik.The document FR 2 244 366 A5 describes a fitting arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1. The documents DE 18 08 276 A1 and DE 15 59 725 B1 describe further state of the art.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Beschlaganordnung für ein Hebe-Schiebe-Element bereitzustellen, welche es ermöglicht, den Flügelrand möglichst schmal zu gestalten und somit den transparenten Bereich des Flügels zu vergrößern und gleichzeitig einen benötigten Bauraum für eine Bewegung der Schienenleiste in einer Verschieberichtung zu minimieren.The invention is based on the object of providing a fitting arrangement for a lift-slide element, which makes it possible to make the edge of the sash as narrow as possible and thus enlarge the transparent area of the sash and at the same time provide the required installation space for movement of the rail strip in a displacement direction to minimize.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Beschlaganordnung gemäß Anspruch 1. Indem die die Verstellung bewirkenden Teile rahmenseitig angeordnet sind, muss am Flügel kein verstellbares Element, d.h. kein verstellbarer Laufwagen, mehr vorgesehen werden. Eine zum Verstellen des Verstellelements benötigte Verstellmechanik kann ebenfalls im Rahmen verbaut werden, sodass am Flügel auch keine Verstellmechanik mehr benötigt wird. Somit kann der Flügelrand relativ schmal ausgebildet sein und die transparente Flügelfläche relativ zu der Flügelrandfläche vergrößert werden.The task is solved by a fitting arrangement according to claim 1. Since the parts causing the adjustment are arranged on the frame side, no adjustable element, i.e. no adjustable carriage, no longer needs to be provided on the sash. An adjustment mechanism required to adjust the adjustment element can also be installed in the frame, so that an adjustment mechanism is no longer required on the sash. The wing edge can therefore be made relatively narrow and the transparent wing surface can be enlarged relative to the wing edge surface.

Die Schienenleiste ist in einer geradlinigen Bewegung senkrecht zu der Verschieberichtung zwischen der abgesenkten Position und der angehobenen Position verstellbar gelagert. Mit anderen Worten bewegt sich die Schienenleiste zwischen der abgesenkten Position und der angehobenen Position entlang einer Geraden, welche senkrecht zur Verschieberichtung liegt. Da hierdurch keine Bewegung der Schienenleiste entlang der Verschieberichtung erfolgt, muss kein Bauraum für eine solche Bewegung vorgesehen sein.The rail bar is adjustable in a rectilinear movement perpendicular to the direction of displacement between the lowered position and the raised position. In other words, the rail bar moves between the lowered position and the raised position along a straight line that is perpendicular to the direction of displacement. Since this does not result in any movement of the rail strip along the direction of displacement, no installation space needs to be provided for such a movement.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen, der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen zu entnehmen.Advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims, the description and the drawings.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform umfasst das Umlenkelement zumindest einen Hebel. Das Umlenkelement kann jedoch jede Form von Teil oder System annehmen, welches dazu ausgebildet ist, eine Bewegung des Verstellelements in eine quer dazu ausgerichtete Bewegung der Schienenleiste umzulenken.According to an advantageous embodiment, the deflection element comprises at least one lever. However, the deflection element can take any form of part or system that is designed to allow movement of the adjusting element to divert the rail bar into a transverse movement.

Beispielsweise kann an dem Verstellelement ein Keil ausgebildet sein, an dessen schrägen Fläche die Schienenleiste anliegt und wobei durch ein Verschieben des Verstellelements die Schienenleiste entlang der schrägen Fläche gleitend von der abgesenkten Position in die angehobene Position bewegbar ist .For example, a wedge can be formed on the adjusting element, on the sloping surface of which the rail bar rests and by moving the adjusting element, the rail bar can be slidably moved along the sloping surface from the lowered position to the raised position.

Der Hebel kann drehbar mit dem Verstellelement und/oder der Schienenleiste gekoppelt sein. Durch eine solche Kopplung des Hebels mit dem Verstellelement und der Schienenleiste ist die Schienenleiste auf einfache Weise von der abgesenkten Position in die angehobene Position und zurück bewegbar.The lever can be rotatably coupled to the adjusting element and/or the rail bar. By coupling the lever with the adjusting element and the rail bar in this way, the rail bar can be easily moved from the lowered position to the raised position and back.

Alternativ kann der Hebel beispielsweise auch drehbar am Rahmen angebracht sein und lediglich an der Schienenleiste anliegen.Alternatively, the lever can, for example, also be rotatably attached to the frame and only rest on the rail bar.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das Umlenkelement einen zweiten Hebel, welcher zwischen dem Rahmen und dem Verstellelement wirksam ist. Beispielsweise kann ein Ende des zweiten Hebels drehbar an dem Verstellelement und das andere Ende drehbar an der Schienenleiste befestigt sein.According to a preferred embodiment, the deflection element comprises a second lever which is effective between the frame and the adjusting element. For example, one end of the second lever can be rotatably attached to the adjusting element and the other end can be rotatably attached to the rail bar.

Um eine symmetrische Hebelanordnung bilden zu können, sind der erste Hebel und der zweite Hebel vorzugsweise gleich lang.In order to be able to form a symmetrical lever arrangement, the first lever and the second lever are preferably of the same length.

Speziell kann der erste Hebel an einer ersten Koppelstelle mit dem Verstellelement und an einer zweiten Koppelstelle mit der Schienenleiste drehbar gelagert sein und der zweite Hebel an einer dritten Koppelstelle mit dem Rahmen und an einer vierten Koppelstelle mit dem Verstellelement drehbar gelagert sein.In particular, the first lever can be rotatably mounted at a first coupling point with the adjusting element and at a second coupling point with the rail strip, and the second lever can be rotatably mounted at a third coupling point with the frame and at a fourth coupling point with the adjusting element.

Um die Last des Flügels auf mehrere Hebel zu verteilen, können mehrere erste Hebel, insbesondere genau zwei erste Hebel, an der ersten Koppelstelle mit dem Verstellelement und an der zweiten Koppelstelle mit der Schienenleiste drehbar gelagert sein und/oder mehrere zweite Hebel, insbesondere zwei zweite Hebel, an der dritten Koppelstelle mit dem Rahmen und an der vierten Koppelstelle mit dem Verstellelement drehbar gelagert sein. Die mehreren ersten Hebel und/oder die mehreren zweiten Hebel eines Umlenkelements können jeweils an gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Verstellelements angeordnet sein.In order to distribute the load of the wing over several levers, several first levers, in particular exactly two first levers, can be rotatable at the first coupling point with the adjusting element and at the second coupling point with the rail bar be mounted and / or several second levers, in particular two second levers, can be rotatably mounted at the third coupling point with the frame and at the fourth coupling point with the adjusting element. The plurality of first levers and/or the plurality of second levers of a deflection element can each be arranged on opposite sides of the adjusting element.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform bilden der erste Hebel und der zweite Hebel gemeinsam eine Spreizhebel-Hubeinheit. Hierdurch wird eine besonders gute Kraftübertragung ermöglicht.According to one embodiment, the first lever and the second lever together form an expanding lever lifting unit. This enables particularly good power transmission.

Gemäß einer speziellen Ausführungsform liegen die erste Koppelstelle und die vierte Koppelstelle auf einer Drehachse. Hierdurch kann die Ausbildung einer Koppelstelle an dem Verstellelement eingespart werden.According to a special embodiment, the first coupling point and the fourth coupling point lie on an axis of rotation. This means that the formation of a coupling point on the adjusting element can be saved.

Um in der angehobenen Position der Schienenleiste und folglich der Anhebeposition des Verstellelements zu bewirken, dass durch Selbsthemmung die Schienenleiste in der angehobenen Position verbleibt, kann der zumindest eine Hebel in der Anhebeposition des Verstellelements senkrecht zu der Schienenleiste und/oder dem Verstellelement, d.h. in montiertem Zustand senkrecht zur Bodenfläche, ausgerichtet sein. Bei zwei Hebeln ist es vorteilhaft, wenn beide Hebel in der angehobenen Position der Schienenleiste senkrecht zu der Schienenleiste und/oder dem Verstellelement angeordnet sind.In order to ensure that the rail strip remains in the raised position through self-locking in the raised position of the rail strip and consequently the lifting position of the adjusting element, the at least one lever can be in the lifting position of the adjusting element perpendicular to the rail strip and/or the adjusting element, i.e. in mounted position State perpendicular to the floor surface. With two levers, it is advantageous if both levers are arranged perpendicular to the rail bar and/or the adjusting element in the raised position of the rail bar.

Da die anzuhebenden Flügel oftmals erhebliches Gewicht aufweisen, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das Verstellelement sich in Verschieberichtung entlang der Schienenleiste erstreckt und entlang des Verstellelements mehrere Umlenkelemente ausgebildet oder angeordnet sind. So kann die Umlenkung der Verstellbewegung über mehrere Umlenkelemente bewerkstelligt werden, wodurch das einzelne Umlenkelement weniger belastet wird. Handelt es sich bei den Umlenkelementen um Hebel, die gemeinsam eine Spreizhebel-Hubeinheit bilden, so bilden die mehreren Umlenkelemente eine statisch bestimmte Führung für die Schienenleiste.Since the wings to be lifted often have considerable weight, it is advantageous if the adjusting element extends along the rail strip in the direction of displacement and a plurality of deflection elements are formed or arranged along the adjusting element. In this way, the adjustment movement can be redirected via several deflection elements, whereby the individual deflection element is subjected to less stress. These are the deflection elements Lever, which together form an expansion lever lifting unit, the several deflection elements form a statically determined guide for the rail bar.

Um die Reibung beim Öffnen und Schließen des Flügels auf eine Rollreibung zu minimieren, kann flügelseitig eine ausschließlich drehbar gelagerte Rolle vorgesehen sein, welche mit der Laufbahn in einer Einbaulage - zumindest in der angehobenen Position der Schienenleiste - in Kontakt steht. Bevorzugterweise ist die Rolle auf einer Achse drehbar gelagert, welche senkrecht zur Verschieberichtung ausgerichtet ist. Der Durchmesser der Rolle ist vorzugsweise möglichst groß zu wählen, um ein ruhiges Abrollen zu bewirken. Jedoch ist der Durchmesser nur so groß wie nötig zu wählen, da dieser die minimale Breite des Flügelrahmens limitiert.In order to minimize the friction when opening and closing the sash to a rolling friction, an exclusively rotatably mounted roller can be provided on the sash side, which is in contact with the raceway in an installed position - at least in the raised position of the rail strip. Preferably, the roller is rotatably mounted on an axle which is aligned perpendicular to the direction of displacement. The diameter of the roll should preferably be as large as possible in order to ensure smooth rolling. However, the diameter should only be as large as necessary, as this limits the minimum width of the sash frame.

Die Rolle und die Laufschiene weisen vorzugsweise korrespondierende Laufflächen auf, mittels derer der Flügel in Verschieberichtung geführt bewegbar ist. Beispielsweise weist die Rolle an ihrer Umfangsfläche eine insbesondere V-förmige Nut und die Laufschiene eine dazu passende insbesondere V-förmige Erhebung auf. Die Erhebung kann dann als Laufbahn für die Rolle dienen.The roller and the running rail preferably have corresponding running surfaces, by means of which the wing can be moved in a guided manner. For example, the roller has a particularly V-shaped groove on its peripheral surface and the running rail has a matching, particularly V-shaped elevation. The survey can then serve as a career path for the role.

Die Aufgabe wird auch gelöst durch ein Hebe-Schiebe-Element, welches beispielsweise als Hebe-Schiebe-Tür oder Hebe-Schiebe-Fenster ausgebildet ist und eine erfindungsgemäße Beschlaganordnung umfasst.The object is also achieved by a lift-slide element, which is designed, for example, as a lift-slide door or lift-slide window and includes a fitting arrangement according to the invention.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand einer rein beispielhaften Ausführungsform unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Schnittdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Beschlaganordnung; und
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht der rahmenseitigen Komponenten der Beschlaganordnung von Fig. 1.
The invention is described below using a purely exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a sectional view of a fitting arrangement according to the invention; and
Fig. 2
a side view of the frame-side components of the fitting arrangement Fig. 1 .

Die Figuren zeigen eine Beschlaganordnung 10 einer Hebe-Schiebe-Tür 12 mit einem Rahmen 14, einem verschiebbaren Türflügel 16 (Fig. 1) und einem feststehenden Türflügel 18.The figures show a fitting arrangement 10 of a lift-slide door 12 with a frame 14, a sliding door leaf 16 ( Fig. 1 ) and a fixed door leaf 18.

Wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, weisen der verschiebbare Türflügel 16 und der feststehende Türflügel 18 jeweils eine transparente dreifach verglaste Sichtfläche 20, 22 sowie einen beispielsweise aus Kunststoff bestehenden Flügelrand 24, 26 auf. Der Flügelrand 24, 26 ist möglichst schmal ausgebildet, um eine großflächige transparente Sichtfläche 20, 22 zu ermöglichen. Dabei ist eine Breite B des Flügelrands 24 vorwiegend durch einen Durchmesser einer in dem Flügelrand 24 des verschiebbaren Türflügels 16 aufgenommenen Rolle 28 begrenzt.As in Fig. 1 shown, the movable door leaf 16 and the fixed door leaf 18 each have a transparent triple-glazed visible surface 20, 22 and a leaf edge 24, 26 made, for example, of plastic. The wing edge 24, 26 is designed to be as narrow as possible in order to enable a large, transparent viewing surface 20, 22. A width B of the wing edge 24 is limited primarily by a diameter of a roller 28 accommodated in the wing edge 24 of the displaceable door wing 16.

Die Rolle 28 ist vollständig in einer Ausnehmung 30 angeordnet und dort drehbar um eine Drehachse 32 gelagert. Die Rolle 28 weist auf ihrer Umfangsfläche eine V-förmige Nut 34 auf, in die eine schienenartige V-förmige Erhebung 36 einer rahmenseitig angeordneten Schienenleiste 38 eingreift. Entlang einer Unterseite 39 des verschiebbaren Türflügels 16 sind auf diese Weise mehrere Rollen 28 mit der V-förmigen Erhebung 36 der Schienenleiste 38 in Eingriff gebracht. Die V-förmige Erhebung 36 ragt aus dem Profil des Rahmens 14 hervor, indem die V-förmige Erhebung 36 durch eine langgestreckte schlitzförmige Ausnehmung 37 an der Oberseite des Rahmens 14 hindurchragt.The roller 28 is completely arranged in a recess 30 and is rotatably mounted there about an axis of rotation 32. The roller 28 has a V-shaped groove 34 on its peripheral surface, into which a rail-like V-shaped elevation 36 of a rail strip 38 arranged on the frame side engages. In this way, several rollers 28 are brought into engagement with the V-shaped elevation 36 of the rail strip 38 along an underside 39 of the displaceable door leaf 16. The V-shaped elevation 36 protrudes from the profile of the frame 14 in that the V-shaped elevation 36 protrudes through an elongated slot-shaped recess 37 on the top of the frame 14.

Um den verschiebbaren Türflügel 16 von einer abgesenkten Position, in der der Türflügel 16 nicht verschoben werden kann, in eine angehobene Position, in der der Türflügel 16 verschiebbar ist, anzuheben, ist die Schienenleiste 38 zwischen einer abgesenkten Position (siehe Fig. 1 und 2) und einer angehobenen Position verstellbar. Zur Verstellung der Schienenleiste 38 ist ein Verstellelement 40 vorgesehen, welches beispielsweise mittels eines Elektromotors ansteuerbar ist. Das Verstellelement 40 ist in Form einer Leiste ausgebildet, welche sich entlang der Schienenleiste 38 in Verschieberichtung 41 erstreckt.In order to raise the displaceable door leaf 16 from a lowered position in which the door leaf 16 cannot be displaced to a raised position in which the door leaf 16 is displaceable, the rail strip 38 is between a lowered position (see Fig. 1 and 2 ) and adjustable to a raised position. To adjust the rail strip 38, an adjusting element 40 is provided, which can be controlled, for example, by means of an electric motor. The adjusting element 40 is designed in the form of a strip which extends along the rail strip 38 in the displacement direction 41.

Das Verstellelement 40 ist an ersten Koppelstellen 42 mit mehreren ersten Hebeln 44 drehbar gekoppelt. Die ersten Hebel 44 sind wiederum an zweiten Koppelstellen 46 mit der Schienenleiste 38 drehbar gekoppelt. Ferner ist das Verstellelement 40 an vierten Koppelstellen 48, welche den ersten Koppelstellen 42 entsprechen, mit zweiten Hebeln 50 drehbar gekoppelt. Die zweiten Hebel 50 sind wiederum an dritten Koppelstellen 52 drehbar mit dem Rahmen 14 gekoppelt. Die ersten Hebel 44 und die zweiten Hebel 50 sind gleich lang und die zweiten Koppelstellen 46 und die dritten Koppelstellen 52 liegen, wie in Fig. 2 zu sehen ist, paarweise übereinander.The adjusting element 40 is rotatably coupled to a plurality of first levers 44 at first coupling points 42. The first levers 44 are in turn rotatably coupled to the rail strip 38 at second coupling points 46. Furthermore, the adjusting element 40 is rotatably coupled to second levers 50 at fourth coupling points 48, which correspond to the first coupling points 42. The second levers 50 are in turn rotatably coupled to the frame 14 at third coupling points 52. The first levers 44 and the second levers 50 are of the same length and the second coupling points 46 and the third coupling points 52 are as shown in Fig. 2 can be seen, in pairs on top of each other.

Durch ein Verstellen des Verstellelements 40 (in Fig. 2 nach links) werden die ersten Hebel 44 und die zweiten Hebel 50 gespreizt und dadurch die Schienenleiste 38 relativ zu dem Rahmen 14 angehoben. Beim Anheben der Schienenleiste 38 drückt diese den verschiebbaren Türflügel 16 nach oben, sodass die Unterseite 39 des verschiebbaren Türflügels 16 nicht mehr am Rahmen 14 anliegt, sondern nur noch die Rolle 28 an der Schienenleiste 38 anliegt. In einer nicht dargestellten angehobenen Position der Schienenleiste 38 kann somit der verschiebbare Türflügel 16 ohne wesentliche Reibungsverluste, das heißt nur unter Rollreibung, in Richtung der Verschieberichtung 41 verschoben werden. In dieser angehobenen Position sind die ersten Hebel 44 und die zweiten Hebel 50 parallel zueinander ausgerichtet und erstrecken sich in Richtung der Schwerkraft, das heißt senkrecht zur Schienenleiste 38. Hierdurch ist zum Halten des Verstellelements 40 in der nicht dargestellten Anhebeposition keine Kraft erforderlich, da das System metastabil gelagert und somit selbsthemmend ist.By adjusting the adjusting element 40 (in Fig. 2 to the left), the first levers 44 and the second levers 50 are spread and the rail bar 38 is thereby raised relative to the frame 14. When the rail strip 38 is lifted, it pushes the displaceable door leaf 16 upwards, so that the underside 39 of the displaceable door leaf 16 no longer rests on the frame 14, but only the roller 28 rests on the rail strip 38. In a raised position of the rail strip 38 (not shown), the displaceable door leaf 16 can thus be moved in the direction of the displacement direction 41 without significant friction losses, that is to say only under rolling friction. In this raised position, the first levers 44 and the second levers 50 are aligned parallel to one another and extend in the direction of gravity, that is to say perpendicular to the rail bar 38. As a result, no force is required to hold the adjusting element 40 in the lifting position, not shown, since this System is metastable and therefore self-locking.

Wie in Fig. 1 zu sehen ist, sind pro Umlenkelement 54, das heißt bei der hier gezeigten Ausführungsform pro erster Koppelstelle 42, zwei erste Hebel 44 und zwei zweite Hebel 50 vorgesehen. Die ersten Hebel 44 sind stets parallel zueinander ausgerichtet und bewegen sich synchron zueinander. Gleiches gilt für die zweiten Hebel 50. Die ersten Hebel 44 sind auf diametral gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Verstellelements 40 angeordnet und mit diesem drehbar gekoppelt. Die ersten Hebel 44 sind ferner an der Schienenleiste 38 mittels einer ersten Achse 56 jeweils beidseitig drehbar gekoppelt. Pro Umlenkelement 54 sind ferner zwei zweite Hebel 50 vorgesehen, welche am Rahmen 14 jeweils beidseitig mittels einer zweiten Achse 58 drehbar gekoppelt sind. An der ersten Koppelstelle 42 ist die Schienenleiste 38, mit den beiden ersten Hebeln 44, den beiden zweiten Hebeln 50 und dem Verstellelement 40 auf einer dritten Achse 60 gemeinsam drehbar gelagert. Dabei sind auf der dritten Achse 60 außen zwei Arme der Schienenleiste 38, zur Mitte zu zuerst die beiden zweiten Hebel 50, dann die beiden ersten Hebel 44 und mittig das Verstellelement 40 angeordnet.As in Fig. 1 can be seen, two first levers 44 and two second levers 50 are provided per deflection element 54, that is, in the embodiment shown here, per first coupling point 42. The first levers 44 are always aligned parallel to one another and move synchronously with one another. The same applies to the second levers 50. The first levers 44 are arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the adjusting element 40 and are rotatably coupled to it. The first levers 44 are also rotatably coupled to both sides on the rail strip 38 by means of a first axis 56. Two second levers 50 are also provided per deflection element 54, which are each rotatably coupled to the frame 14 on both sides by means of a second axis 58. At the first coupling point 42, the rail bar 38 is rotatably mounted together with the two first levers 44, the two second levers 50 and the adjusting element 40 on a third axis 60. There are two arms of the rail bar 38 on the outside of the third axis 60, towards the middle first the two second levers 50, then the first two levers 44 and the adjusting element 40 in the middle.

Durch ein Zurückstellen des Verstellelements 40 von der Anhebeposition in die Absenkposition (Fig. 1 und 2) werden die ersten Hebel 44 und die zweiten Hebel 50 zurück in einen stumpfen Winkel zueinander gebracht bis die Schienenleiste 38 und/oder das Verstellelement 40 auf einer Auflagefläche des Rahmens 14 aufliegen.By returning the adjusting element 40 from the raising position to the lowering position ( Fig. 1 and 2 ) the first levers 44 and the second levers 50 are brought back into an obtuse angle to one another until the rail strip 38 and/or the adjusting element 40 rest on a support surface of the frame 14.

An der Unterseite 39 des verschiebbaren Türflügels 16 und des festen Türflügels 18 sind jeweils zwei Dichtung 62, 64 (Fig. 1) angeordnet, welche sich in Verschieberichtung 41 erstrecken. Für den Fall, dass beispielsweise aufgrund eines geöffneten Türflügels 16 die Dichtungen 62, 64 außer Funktion gesetzt sind und bei Regen dadurch Wasser durch die Ausnehmung 37 in den Rahmen 14 eindringen sollte, ist ein Ablauf 66 vorgesehen, welcher das Wasser in eine Ablaufrinne 68 leitet.On the underside 39 of the movable door leaf 16 and the fixed door leaf 18 there are two seals 62, 64 ( Fig. 1 ) arranged, which extend in the displacement direction 41. In the event that, for example, the seals 62, 64 are disabled due to an open door leaf 16 and water should penetrate through the recess 37 into the frame 14 when it rains, a drain 66 is provided, which directs the water into a drainage channel 68 .

Damit ein barrierefreier Zugang durch die Tür möglich ist, ist der Rahmen 14 innen und außen bündig mit einem Boden 70 verlegt.To ensure barrier-free access through the door, the frame 14 is installed flush with a floor 70 on the inside and outside.

Mittels der durch die ersten und zweiten Hebel 44, 50 gebildeten Spreizhebel-Hubeinheit ist ein Anheben von großen, schweren Türflügeln 16 mit relativ geringen Kräften möglich.By means of the expansion lever lifting unit formed by the first and second levers 44, 50, large, heavy door leaves 16 can be lifted with relatively low forces.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

1010
BeschlaganordnungFitting arrangement
1212
Hebe-Schiebe-TürLift and slide door
1414
RahmenFrame
1616
verschiebbarer Türflügelsliding door wing
1818
feststehender Türflügelfixed door leaf
20, 2220, 22
transparenter Teil des Flügelstransparent part of the wing
24, 2624, 26
Flügelrandwing edge
2828
Rollerole
3030
Ausnehmungrecess
3232
DrehachseAxis of rotation
3434
V-förmige NutV-shaped groove
3636
V-förmige ErhebungV-shaped elevation
3737
Ausnehmungrecess
3838
SchienenleisteRail bar
3939
Unterseitebottom
4040
VerstellelementAdjusting element
4141
VerschieberichtungShift direction
4242
erste Koppelstellefirst coupling point
4444
erster Hebelfirst lever
4646
zweite Koppelstellesecond coupling point
4848
vierte Koppelstellefourth coupling point
5050
zweiter Hebelsecond lever
5252
dritte Koppelstellethird coupling point
5454
UmlenkelementDeflection element
5656
erste Achsefirst axis
5858
zweite Achsesecond axis
6060
dritte Achsethird axis
62, 6462, 64
Dichtungpoetry
6666
AblaufSequence
6868
Ablaufrinnedrainage channel
7070
BodenFloor

Claims (12)

  1. A fitting arrangement (10) for a lift and slide element (12), such as a lift and slide door or a lift and slide window, which comprises a fixed-position frame (14) and a leaf (16) which is displaceable with respect to the frame (14) in a raised position along a lower track (36) in a displacement direction (41), wherein a rail strip (38) having the track (36) is provided at the frame side and is adjustably supported between a lowered position and a raised position in a movement transverse to the displacement direction (41), wherein an adjustment element (40) is provided at the frame side and is movably supported in the displacement direction (41) between a lowering position and a raising position, and
    wherein at least one deflection element (54) is formed or arranged at the adjustment element (40), by which deflection element (54) a movement of the adjustment element (40) from the lowering position into the raising position can be deflected into an adjustment of the rail strip (38) from the lowered position into the raised position,
    characterized in that
    the rail strip (38) is adjustably supported in a rectilinear movement perpendicular to the displacement direction (41) between the lowered position and the raised position.
  2. A fitting arrangement according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the deflection element (54) comprises at least one lever (44, 50).
  3. A fitting arrangement according to claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the lever (44, 50) is rotatably coupled to the adjustment element (40).
  4. A fitting arrangement according to claim 2 or 3,
    characterized in that
    the lever (44) is rotatably coupled to the rail strip (38).
  5. A fitting arrangement according to at least one of the claims 2 to 4, characterized in that
    the deflection element (54) comprises a second lever (50) which is active between the frame (14) and the adjustment element (40).
  6. A fitting arrangement according to claim 5,
    characterized in that
    the first lever (44) is rotatably supported at a first coupling point (42) with the adjustment element (40) and at a second coupling point (46) with the rail strip (38), in that the second lever (50) is rotatably supported at a third coupling point (52) with the frame (14) and at a fourth coupling point (48) with the adjustment element (40).
  7. A fitting arrangement according to claim 6,
    characterized in that
    the first coupling point (42) and the fourth coupling point (48) lie on an axis of rotation (60).
  8. A fitting arrangement according to at least one of the claims 2 to 7,
    characterized in that
    the at least one lever (44, 50) is oriented perpendicular to the rail strip (38) and/or the adjustment element (40) in the raising position of the adjustment element (40).
  9. A fitting arrangement according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    the adjustment element (40) extends in the displacement direction (41) and a plurality of deflection elements (54) are formed or arranged along the adjustment element (40).
  10. A fitting arrangement according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    a solely rotatably supported roller (28) is provided at the leaf side and can be brought into contact with the track (36) in an installation position.
  11. A fitting arrangement according to claim 10,
    characterized in that
    the roller (28) and the track (36) have corresponding running surfaces (34, 36) by means of which the leaf (16) can be moved in a guided manner in the displacement direction (41).
  12. A lift and slide element (12), in particular a lift and slide door or a lift and slide window, comprising a fitting arrangement (10) according to at least one of the preceding claims.
EP16809051.2A 2015-12-23 2016-12-09 Fitting device for a lifting and sliding element with frame-mounted adjusting element Active EP3371402B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015122671.5A DE102015122671A1 (en) 2015-12-23 2015-12-23 Fitting arrangement with frame-side adjusting element
PCT/EP2016/080440 WO2017108450A1 (en) 2015-12-23 2016-12-09 Fitting arrangement for a lift-and-slide element having a frame-side adjustment element

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3371402A1 EP3371402A1 (en) 2018-09-12
EP3371402B1 true EP3371402B1 (en) 2024-02-07

Family

ID=57530701

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16809051.2A Active EP3371402B1 (en) 2015-12-23 2016-12-09 Fitting device for a lifting and sliding element with frame-mounted adjusting element

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3371402B1 (en)
CN (1) CN108699876B (en)
DE (1) DE102015122671A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2017108450A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021108737A1 (en) * 2021-04-08 2022-10-13 SCHÜCO International KG Sliding wall arrangement with cover element

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1559725C2 (en) * 1964-05-23 1970-12-24 Gretsch Unitas Gmbh Lifting fitting for the sash frame of a sliding window or sliding door
DE1808276A1 (en) * 1968-11-11 1970-05-27 Gillet Roquigny Ets Actuating device for sliding window
DE2033166B2 (en) * 1970-07-04 1977-10-20 Zusatz in: 22 27 376 Ausscheidung in: 20 65 972 Vereinigte Baubeschlagfabriken Gretsch & Co GmbH, 7250 Leonberg Locking mechanism for sliding doors and windows - operates independently of actuating linkage by panel lifting and lowering movement
FR2244366A5 (en) * 1973-09-17 1975-04-11 Gillet Roquigny Slide assembly for a door or window - fixed U-section rail carries spindles of rollers which lift moving rail
DE202010002825U1 (en) * 2010-02-25 2011-07-12 Rehau Ag + Co. Lift-slide window or lift-slide door
CN204782579U (en) * 2015-07-10 2015-11-18 天津市君睿制冷设备有限公司 Improve anti door guide pulley composite set of lower track of structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102015122671A1 (en) 2017-06-29
CN108699876A (en) 2018-10-23
CN108699876B (en) 2020-02-04
WO2017108450A1 (en) 2017-06-29
EP3371402A1 (en) 2018-09-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3207200B1 (en) Trolley of a movable sliding sash
EP3380692B1 (en) Sliding wall assembly with covering element
EP3181790A1 (en) Push system for windows or doors
EP2317054B1 (en) Sliding door
DE102017117573B4 (en) Arrangement of a sealing device and a sliding door provided with it
DE202022100517U1 (en) Profile arrangement of a window or a door with a casement profile, in particular a sliding casement profile
DE102011002702A1 (en) sliding door system
EP2476857A2 (en) Sliding door assembly with movable sealing
EP3371402B1 (en) Fitting device for a lifting and sliding element with frame-mounted adjusting element
EP3201413B1 (en) Fitting arrangement
EP2402545B1 (en) Sliding door assembly
DE202015103771U1 (en) glazing system
EP4071328A1 (en) Sliding wall assembly with covering element
EP3680445A1 (en) Safety guide profile and movable door leaf comprising a safety profile
EP0905343A2 (en) Window or door arrangement
EP3530861A1 (en) Horizontal frame section for a sliding door and/or sliding window frame, sliding door and/or sliding window frame and sliding door and/or sliding window frame system
EP3872288B1 (en) Push window device
DE102014004076B4 (en) Injection molding machine with security door
EP2402542B1 (en) Door system
DE102021201885A1 (en) Pressure device for a window or a door
EP3222803B1 (en) Guiding device for flat, sliding building elements
DE102010030785B4 (en) sliding door system
DE102022204890A1 (en) Barrier-free sliding door with a horizontally adjustable leaf
DE102019126907A1 (en) Blocking
DE102016101869A1 (en) fitting assembly

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20180605

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20211025

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20230727

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502016016356

Country of ref document: DE

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20240213

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG9D