EP3365906B1 - Controllable local network transformer - Google Patents

Controllable local network transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3365906B1
EP3365906B1 EP16797480.7A EP16797480A EP3365906B1 EP 3365906 B1 EP3365906 B1 EP 3365906B1 EP 16797480 A EP16797480 A EP 16797480A EP 3365906 B1 EP3365906 B1 EP 3365906B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
switch
load tap
voltage
regulatable
low
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EP16797480.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3365906A1 (en
Inventor
Karsten Handt
Michael Heinz
Sylvio Kosse
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0038—Tap change devices making use of vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0011—Voltage selector switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a controllable local network transformer for transforming the electrical voltage from the medium-voltage network to the lower voltage used in the low-voltage network (local network).
  • Controllable local network transformers can change the transformation ratio between their high-voltage side, i.e. the medium voltage of 10-20 kV, for example, and their low-voltage side, i.e. the local network voltage of, for example, 400 V in Europe. In this way, changes in voltage can be compensated that arise, for example, from feed-in from decentralized photovoltaic systems.
  • controllable local network transformers have an on-load tap-changer on the high-voltage side, which includes, for example, one medium-voltage vacuum tube per phase and stage of the tap-changer, i.e. 15 medium-voltage vacuum switches for three phases and 5 stages.
  • Medium-voltage vacuum switches are disadvantageously complex and therefore expensive and therefore make the construction of the on-load tap-changer unfavorable. For this, a preferred value for the voltage adjustment steps of 2.5% can be set.
  • the minimum setting step depends on the number of turns of the undervoltage coil and is, for example, 5% with 20 turns. This setting step is disadvantageously larger than the preferred setting step of 2.5%.
  • the object of the present invention is to specify a controllable local network transformer which reduces or avoids the disadvantages of known controllable local network transformers mentioned at the beginning.
  • the controllable local network transformer comprises at least one high-voltage coil on the high-voltage side and at least one low-voltage coil on the low-voltage side. Furthermore, the controllable local network transformer comprises a first on-load tap-changer for the low-voltage side, the first on-load tap-changer being designed to switch between at least two different numbers of turns of the undervoltage coil and comprising at least one second switch for this purpose. Furthermore, the controllable local network transformer comprises a second on-load tap-changer for the high-voltage side, the second on-load tap-changer being designed to switch between at least two different numbers of turns of the high-voltage coil and comprising at least one second switch for this purpose.
  • the invention thus creates a controllable local network transformer which has an on-load tap-changer on both the high-voltage side and on the low-voltage side.
  • the on-load tap-changer present on the high-voltage side advantageously means that the voltage level can be switched in relatively fine steps that could not be achieved from the low-voltage side alone.
  • the on-load tap-changer on the low-voltage side where the lower voltage also places lower demands on the structure of the on-load tap-changer.
  • the embodiment according to claim 1 can be combined with the features of one of the subclaims or preferably also with those from several subclaims. Accordingly, the following features can also be provided for the current transformer:
  • the ideal compromise between the switching accuracy and the structural effort has proven if exactly two levels of the number of turns can be achieved on the high-voltage side. These are then preferably such that during the switchover a change in the number of turns of the high-voltage coil between 1% and 4%, in particular between 2% and 3%, preferably 2.5%, is brought about. These ranges are smaller than those that can usually be achieved on the low-voltage side.
  • the first on-load tap-changer can be designed to switch between exactly three different numbers of turns of the undervoltage coil. This configuration results in six different gear ratios. However, only six switches are advantageously required on the high-voltage side for the three phases, while a further 12 switches are required on the low-voltage side, one switch being used for bridging the switching process for each phase.
  • the first and second switches include or are vacuum switches.
  • a switch is expediently used per phase and per switchable step of the on-load tap-changer.
  • the controllable local network transformer can have a bridging circuit for power consumption during the switchover, the bridging circuit having a further switching device includes and expediently a current limiting resistor.
  • the controllable local network transformer can include a controller which is designed to determine a point in time of the current zero crossing for a phase to be switched, to open a switch for this phase at a time interval of less than 2 ms before the current zero crossing and a further switch for this phase to close at a time interval of less than 2 ms after the current zero crossing.
  • a controller which is designed to determine a point in time of the current zero crossing for a phase to be switched, to open a switch for this phase at a time interval of less than 2 ms before the current zero crossing and a further switch for this phase to close at a time interval of less than 2 ms after the current zero crossing.
  • Such a structure makes the bypass circuit unnecessary. A switching arc in the disconnecting switch is extinguished when the current passes through zero. Since the switch to be closed has no contact at this point in time, a circulating current is avoided.
  • switches which have a short switching delay, preferably less than 5 ms, the switching delay being essentially independent of influences
  • the first and / or the second on-load tap changer can include exactly one changeover switch per phase and switching stage.
  • a changeover switch is used instead of two switches that work as contacts. It is thus possible to advantageously design the first and / or second on-load tap-changer with exactly three changeover switches.
  • the first and second on-load tap-changer can be constructed together with exactly six changeover switches and thus achieve four switching stages.
  • FIG 1 shows a rough scheme for the structure of a controllable local network transformer 10.
  • the controllable local network transformer 10 comprises a high-voltage side 11 and a low-voltage side 12.
  • the high-voltage side 11 is designed for voltages in the range of 20 kV, while the low-voltage side 12 for voltages of 400 V is designed.
  • connecting lines 13 for connection to the medium-voltage network lead into the controllable local network transformer 10.
  • connecting lines 14 lead to the connection of the local local network from the controllable local network transformer 10.
  • the connecting lines 14 on the low-voltage side 12 are connected to a controller 15, which also includes voltage monitoring.
  • the controller 15 is connected to a first on-load tap-changer 16 on the high-voltage side 11 and controls the first on-load tap-changer 16.
  • the controller is also connected to a second on-load tap-changer 17, which is arranged on the low-voltage side 12.
  • the controller 15 monitors the voltage levels on the connection lines 14 to the local network and controls the on-load tap-changers 16, 17 according to their position.
  • FIG 2 shows schematically the structure of the on-load tap changer 16, 17 for an exemplary controllable local network transformer 20, this controllable local network transformer 20 allowing six different switching stages.
  • FIG 2 shows a main winding 23 and for one phase of the high-voltage side 21 of the controllable local network transformer 20 a control winding 24.
  • One end of the main winding 23 is connected to two taps of the control winding 24 via vacuum switches 27, 28.
  • the vacuum switch 27 can be bridged by a bridging switch 32 arranged in parallel, a current limiting resistor 35 being arranged in series with the bridging switch 32.
  • the taps are arranged in such a way that switching results in a change in the number of turns of 2.5% of the total number of turns.
  • the bridging can be used in a known manner to switch under load and thereby reduce circulating currents.
  • the bypass switch 32 is activated and takes over the current when the vacuum switch 27, 28, which was closed at the time before the switchover, opens. Only after opening this vacuum switch 27, 28 does the other of the vacuum switches 27, 28 close and then the semiconductor switch 32 is switched off again.
  • the controllable local network transformer 20 On the low voltage side 22 of the controllable local network transformer 20 there is an analog structure with vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 for low voltage and a bypass switch 33 and a current limiting resistor 36. On the low voltage side 22, however, there are three taps and therefore also three vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 for each phase. The taps on the low voltage side 22 are arranged in such a way that switching over the vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 leads to relative changes in the voltage of approx. + 5% of the total number of turns, i.e. just one turn for a total of 20 turns. A smaller step is therefore not easy to carry out on the low voltage side 22.
  • the two on-load tap-changers can therefore control six different voltage levels together, which are between -7.5% and + 5% of the standard voltage in 2.5% steps.
  • Six medium-voltage vacuum switches and twelve low-voltage vacuum switches are used for this purpose, while in a known controllable local network transformer, In which five switching stages can only be switched on the high-voltage side, 15 medium-voltage vacuum switches are required.
  • the controller 15 is designed to detect the current zero crossing and to align the switching process for the vacuum switches 27... 31 with it.
  • the respective opening vacuum switch 27 ... 31 then opens shortly before a current zero crossing, for example within 2 ms before that.
  • the arc that forms is extinguished when the current passes zero.
  • the closing vacuum switch 27 ... 31 does not close until shortly after the current has passed zero, for example within 2 ms thereafter. Since both switches are never closed, a circulating current is avoided and switching under load is achieved at the same time. This saves one bypass switch per phase and page 21, 22.
  • switches that either have a very short switching delay, ideally in the range of less than 10 ms, even better in the range of less than 2 ms.
  • the switching delay of the switches depends only slightly on ambient conditions such as the temperature. With such switches it is possible to sufficiently synchronize the switching time with the current zero crossing.
  • FIG 3 shows a further embodiment for the structure of the on-load tap changer 16, 17 for an exemplary controllable local network transformer 40, this controllable local network transformer 40 allowing four different switching stages.
  • the controllable local network transformer 40 similarly has main windings 43, 45 and control windings 44, 46 for the high and low voltage sides 41, 42.
  • fast changeover switches are used here.
  • only one changeover switch 47, 48 is used per phase on both the high voltage and the low voltage side 41, 42.
  • the changeover switch 47, 48 ensures that a current path is always present and bridging is also unnecessary.
  • only six of the changeover switches 47, 48, namely one per phase and side 41, 42 are used, which represents a very low structural effort for the implementation of an on-load tap-changer with four stages.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator zur Transformation der elektrischen Spannung aus dem Mittelspannungsnetz auf die im Niederspannungsnetz (Ortsnetz) verwendete niedrigere Spannung.The invention relates to a controllable local network transformer for transforming the electrical voltage from the medium-voltage network to the lower voltage used in the low-voltage network (local network).

Regelbare Ortsnetztransformatoren können das Übersetzungsverhältnis zwischen ihrer Oberspannungsseite, d.h. der Mittelspannung von beispielsweise 10-20 kV, und ihrer Unterspannungsseite, also der Ortsnetzspannung von beispielsweise in Europa 400 V, verändern. Dadurch können Spannungsveränderungen ausgeglichen werden, die beispielsweise durch die Einspeisung aus dezentralen Photovoltaik-Anlagen entstehen.Controllable local network transformers can change the transformation ratio between their high-voltage side, i.e. the medium voltage of 10-20 kV, for example, and their low-voltage side, i.e. the local network voltage of, for example, 400 V in Europe. In this way, changes in voltage can be compensated that arise, for example, from feed-in from decentralized photovoltaic systems.

Bekannte regelbare Ortsnetztransformatoren weisen dazu auf der Oberspannungsseite einen Laststufenschalter auf, der beispielsweise eine Mittelspannungsvakuumröhre pro Phase und Stufe des Stufenschalters umfasst, also beispielsweise 15 Mittelspannungsvakuumschalter für drei Phasen und 5 Stufen. Mittelspannungsvakuumschalter sind nachteiligerweise komplex und daher teuer und machen daher den Aufbau des Laststufenschalters ungünstig. Dafür kann hiermit ein bevorzugter Wert für die Spannungs-Stellschritte von 2,5% eingestellt werden.Known controllable local network transformers have an on-load tap-changer on the high-voltage side, which includes, for example, one medium-voltage vacuum tube per phase and stage of the tap-changer, i.e. 15 medium-voltage vacuum switches for three phases and 5 stages. Medium-voltage vacuum switches are disadvantageously complex and therefore expensive and therefore make the construction of the on-load tap-changer unfavorable. For this, a preferred value for the voltage adjustment steps of 2.5% can be set.

Eine andere Lösung ordnet den Laststufenschalter auf der Unterspannungsseite des regelbaren Ortsnetztransformators an. Hierbei werden günstigere und einfachere Niederspannungsvakuum verwendet. Der minimale Stellschritt hängt dabei von der Anzahl der Windungen der Unterspannungsspule ab und beträgt beispielsweise 5% bei 20 Windungen. Dieser Stellschritt ist nachteiligerweise größer als der bevorzugte Stellschritt von 2,5%.Another solution places the on-load tap-changer on the low-voltage side of the controllable local network transformer. Here, cheaper and simpler low-voltage vacuums are used. The minimum setting step depends on the number of turns of the undervoltage coil and is, for example, 5% with 20 turns. This setting step is disadvantageously larger than the preferred setting step of 2.5%.

Aus der DE 10 2013 109 289 A1 ist ein Stufentransformator mit einem Laststufenschalter, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, bekannt.From the DE 10 2013 109 289 A1 a step transformer with an on-load tap changer according to the preamble of claim 1 is known.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator anzugeben, der die eingangs genannten Nachteile bekannter regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator vermindert oder vermeidet.The object of the present invention is to specify a controllable local network transformer which reduces or avoids the disadvantages of known controllable local network transformers mentioned at the beginning.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Ortsnetztransformators.This object is achieved by a controllable local network transformer with the features of claim 1. The subclaims relate to advantageous configurations of the local network transformer.

Der erfindungsgemäße regelbare Ortsnetztransformator umfasst wenigstens eine Oberspannungsspule auf Oberspannungsseite und wenigstens eine Unterspannungsspule auf Unterspannungsseite. Weiterhin umfasst der regelbare Ortsnetztransformator einen ersten Laststufenschalter für die Unterspannungsseite, wobei der erste Laststufenschalter zur Umschaltung zwischen wenigstens zwei verschiedenen Windungszahlen der Unterspannungsspule ausgestaltet ist und dazu wenigstens einen zweiten Schalter umfasst. Weiterhin umfasst der regelbare Ortsnetztransformator einen zweiten Laststufenschalter für die Oberspannungsseite, wobei der zweite Laststufenschalter zur Umschaltung zwischen wenigstens zwei verschiedenen Windungszahlen der Oberspannungsspule ausgestaltet ist und dazu wenigstens einen zweiten Schalter umfasst.The controllable local network transformer according to the invention comprises at least one high-voltage coil on the high-voltage side and at least one low-voltage coil on the low-voltage side. Furthermore, the controllable local network transformer comprises a first on-load tap-changer for the low-voltage side, the first on-load tap-changer being designed to switch between at least two different numbers of turns of the undervoltage coil and comprising at least one second switch for this purpose. Furthermore, the controllable local network transformer comprises a second on-load tap-changer for the high-voltage side, the second on-load tap-changer being designed to switch between at least two different numbers of turns of the high-voltage coil and comprising at least one second switch for this purpose.

Die Erfindung schafft also einen regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator, der sowohl auf der Oberspannungsseite als auch auf der Unterspannungsseite einen Laststufenschalter aufweist. Durch den auf der Oberspannungsseite vorhandenen Laststufenschalter vorteilhaft erreicht, dass das Spannungsniveau in verhältnismäßig feinen Schritten schaltbar ist, die von der Unterspannungsseite allein nicht erreichbar wären. Gleichzeitig verbleibt aber ein möglichst großer Teil des baulichen Aufwands mit dem Laststufenschalter auf der Unterspannungsseite, wo die geringere Spannung auch geringere Anforderungen an den Aufbau des Laststufenschalters bedingt.The invention thus creates a controllable local network transformer which has an on-load tap-changer on both the high-voltage side and on the low-voltage side. The on-load tap-changer present on the high-voltage side advantageously means that the voltage level can be switched in relatively fine steps that could not be achieved from the low-voltage side alone. At the same time, however, as much of the structural effort as possible remains with the on-load tap-changer on the low-voltage side, where the lower voltage also places lower demands on the structure of the on-load tap-changer.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung gehen aus den von Anspruch 1 abhängigen Ansprüchen hervor. Dabei kann die Ausführungsform nach Anspruch 1 mit den Merkmalen eines der Unteransprüche oder vorzugsweise auch mit denen aus mehreren Unteransprüchen kombiniert werden. Demgemäß können für den Stromwandler noch zusätzlich folgende Merkmale vorgesehen werden:
Als idealer Kompromiss zwischen der Schaltgenauigkeit und dem baulichen Aufwand hat sich erwiesen, wenn auf der Oberspannungsseite genau zwei Stufen der Windungszahl erreichbar sind. Diese liegen dann bevorzugt so, dass bei der Umschaltung eine Änderung der Windungszahl der Oberspannungsspule zwischen 1 % und 4 %, insbesondere zwischen 2 % und 3 %, bevorzugt 2,5 %, bewirkt wird. Diese Spannen sind kleiner als diejenigen, die üblicherweise auf der Unterspannungsseite erreichbar sind. Indem mit dem ersten Laststufenschalter grobe Stellschritte und mit dem zweiten Laststufenschalter feinere Stellschritte unternommen werden, wird insgesamt ein weiter Stellbereich mit feinen Stellschritten realisiert. Dabei kann der erste Laststufenschalter zur Umschaltung zwischen genau drei verschiedenen Windungszahlen der Unterspannungsspule ausgestaltet sein. Bei dieser Konfiguration ergeben sich sechs verschiedene Übersetzungsverhältnisse. Vorteilhaft werden aber für die drei Phasen nur sechs Schalter auf der Oberspannungsseite benötigt, während auf der Unterspannungsseite weitere 12 Schalter benötigt werden, wobei pro Phase ein Schalter für eine Überbrückung für den Schaltvorgang verwendet wird.Advantageous refinements of the invention emerge from the claims dependent on claim 1. The embodiment according to claim 1 can be combined with the features of one of the subclaims or preferably also with those from several subclaims. Accordingly, the following features can also be provided for the current transformer:
The ideal compromise between the switching accuracy and the structural effort has proven if exactly two levels of the number of turns can be achieved on the high-voltage side. These are then preferably such that during the switchover a change in the number of turns of the high-voltage coil between 1% and 4%, in particular between 2% and 3%, preferably 2.5%, is brought about. These ranges are smaller than those that can usually be achieved on the low-voltage side. By taking coarse setting steps with the first on-load tap-changer and finer setting steps with the second on-load tap-changer, a broad setting range with fine setting steps is achieved overall. The first on-load tap-changer can be designed to switch between exactly three different numbers of turns of the undervoltage coil. This configuration results in six different gear ratios. However, only six switches are advantageously required on the high-voltage side for the three phases, while a further 12 switches are required on the low-voltage side, one switch being used for bridging the switching process for each phase.

Der erste und zweite Schalter umfassen Vakuumschalter oder sind Vakuumschalter. Zweckmäßig kommt pro Phase und pro schaltbare Stufe der Laststufenschalter ein Schalter zum Einsatz.The first and second switches include or are vacuum switches. A switch is expediently used per phase and per switchable step of the on-load tap-changer.

Der regelbare Ortsnetztransformator kann eine Überbrückungsschaltung zur Stromaufnahme bei der Umschaltung aufweisen, wobei die Überbrückungsschaltung eine weitere Schalteinrichtung umfasst sowie zweckmäßig einen Strombegrenzungswiderstand.The controllable local network transformer can have a bridging circuit for power consumption during the switchover, the bridging circuit having a further switching device includes and expediently a current limiting resistor.

Der regelbare Ortsnetztransformator kann eine Steuerung umfassen, die ausgestaltet ist, einen Zeitpunkt des Stromnulldurchgangs für eine zu schaltende Phase zu ermitteln, einen Schalter für diese Phase in einem zeitlichen Abstand von weniger als 2 ms vor dem Stromnulldurchgang zu öffnen und einen weiteren Schalter für diese Phase in einem zeitlichen Abstand von weniger als 2 ms nach dem Stromnulldurchgang zu schließen. Ein derartiger Aufbau macht die Überbrückungsschaltung unnötig. Ein Schaltlichtbogen im abschaltenden Schalter verlischt im Stromnulldurchgang. Da der zu schließende Schalter zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch keinen Kontakt hat, wird ein Kreisstrom vermieden. Hierfür ist es zweckmäßig, wenn Schalter verwendet werden, die eine kurze, bevorzugt weniger als 5 ms betragende Schaltverzögerung aufweisen, wobei die Schaltverzögerung im Wesentlichen unabhängig von Einflüssen wie der Temperatur ist.The controllable local network transformer can include a controller which is designed to determine a point in time of the current zero crossing for a phase to be switched, to open a switch for this phase at a time interval of less than 2 ms before the current zero crossing and a further switch for this phase to close at a time interval of less than 2 ms after the current zero crossing. Such a structure makes the bypass circuit unnecessary. A switching arc in the disconnecting switch is extinguished when the current passes through zero. Since the switch to be closed has no contact at this point in time, a circulating current is avoided. For this purpose, it is expedient if switches are used which have a short switching delay, preferably less than 5 ms, the switching delay being essentially independent of influences such as temperature.

Der erste und/oder der zweite Laststufenschalter kann genau einen Wechselschalter pro Phase und Schaltstufe umfassen. Mit anderen Worten wird an der Stelle von jeweils zwei Schaltern, die als Kontakt arbeiten, ein Wechselschalter verwendet. Damit ist es möglich, den ersten und/oder zweiten Laststufenschalter vorteilhaft mit genau drei Wechselschaltern auszuführen. Somit kann in einer Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeit der erste und zweite Laststufenschalter zusammen mit genau sechs Wechselschaltern aufgebaut werden und damit vier Schaltstufen erreichen.The first and / or the second on-load tap changer can include exactly one changeover switch per phase and switching stage. In other words, a changeover switch is used instead of two switches that work as contacts. It is thus possible to advantageously design the first and / or second on-load tap-changer with exactly three changeover switches. Thus, in one embodiment, the first and second on-load tap-changer can be constructed together with exactly six changeover switches and thus achieve four switching stages.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung noch weiter erläutert. Dabei zeigen jeweils in schematisierter Form

FIG 1
den Aufbau eines regelbaren Ortsnetztransformators,
FIG 2
einen regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator mit sechs Schaltstufen,
FIG 3
einen regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator mit vier Schaltstufen und Wechselschaltern.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. They each show in schematic form
FIG 1
the construction of a controllable local network transformer,
FIG 2
a controllable local network transformer with six switching stages,
FIG 3
a controllable local network transformer with four switching stages and changeover switches.

FIG 1 zeigt ein grobes Schema für den Aufbau eines regelbaren Ortsnetztransformators 10. Der regelbare Ortsnetztransformator 10 umfasst eine Oberspannungsseite 11 und eine Unterspannungsseite 12. Typischerweise ist in Deutschland die Oberspannungsseite 11 für Spannungen im Bereich von 20 kV ausgelegt, während die Unterspannungsseite 12 für Spannungen von 400 V ausgelegt ist. FIG 1 shows a rough scheme for the structure of a controllable local network transformer 10. The controllable local network transformer 10 comprises a high-voltage side 11 and a low-voltage side 12. Typically in Germany the high-voltage side 11 is designed for voltages in the range of 20 kV, while the low-voltage side 12 for voltages of 400 V is designed.

Auf der Oberspannungsseite 11 führen Anschlussleitungen 13 für den Anschluss an das Mittelspannungsnetz in den regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator 10. Auf der Unterspannungsseite führen Anschlussleitungen 14 zum Anschluss des lokalen Ortsnetzes aus dem regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator 10. Die Anschlussleitungen 14 auf der Unterspannungsseite 12 sind mit einer Steuerung 15 verbunden, die auch eine Spannungsüberwachung einschließt.On the high-voltage side 11, connecting lines 13 for connection to the medium-voltage network lead into the controllable local network transformer 10. On the low-voltage side, connecting lines 14 lead to the connection of the local local network from the controllable local network transformer 10. The connecting lines 14 on the low-voltage side 12 are connected to a controller 15, which also includes voltage monitoring.

Die Steuerung 15 ist mit einem ersten Laststufenschalter 16 auf der Oberspannungsseite 11 verbunden und steuert den ersten Laststufenschalter 16. Die Steuerung ist weiterhin mit einem zweiten Laststufenschalter 17 verbunden, der auf der Unterspannungsseite 12 angeordnet ist. Die Steuerung 15 überwacht die Spannungsniveaus auf den Anschlussleitungen 14 zum Ortsnetz und steuert nach deren Lage die Laststufenschalter 16, 17.The controller 15 is connected to a first on-load tap-changer 16 on the high-voltage side 11 and controls the first on-load tap-changer 16. The controller is also connected to a second on-load tap-changer 17, which is arranged on the low-voltage side 12. The controller 15 monitors the voltage levels on the connection lines 14 to the local network and controls the on-load tap-changers 16, 17 according to their position.

FIG 2 zeigt schematisch den Aufbau der Laststufenschalter 16, 17 für einen beispielhaften regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator 20, wobei dieser regelbare Ortsnetztransformator 20 sechs verschiedene Schaltstufen erlaubt. FIG 2 shows schematically the structure of the on-load tap changer 16, 17 for an exemplary controllable local network transformer 20, this controllable local network transformer 20 allowing six different switching stages.

FIG 2 zeigt für eine Phase der Oberspannungsseite 21 des regelbaren Ortsnetztransformators 20 eine Stammwicklung 23 und eine Regelwicklung 24. Ein Ende der Stammwicklung 23 ist über Vakuumschalter 27, 28 mit zwei Anzapfungen der Regelwicklung 24 verbunden. Bei einer der Anzapfungen ist der Vakuumschalter 27 durch einen parallel angeordneten Überbrückungsschalter 32 überbrückbar, wobei in Serie zum Überbrückungsschalter 32 ein Strombegrenzungswiderstand 35 angeordnet ist. Die Anzapfungen sind dabei so angeordnet, dass durch die Umschaltung eine Änderung der Windungszahl von 2,5% der Gesamtwindungszahl bewirkt wird. Die Überbrückung kann bei der Umschaltung in bekannter Weise dazu verwendet werden, eine Schaltung unter Last vorzunehmen und dabei Kreisströme zu vermindern. Für eine Umschaltung wird der Überbrückungsschalter 32 aktiviert und übernimmt den Strom, wenn der Vakuumschalter 27, 28, der zu der Zeit vor der Umschaltung geschlossen war, öffnet. Erst nach der Öffnung dieses Vakuumschalters 27, 28 schließt der andere der Vakuumschalter 27, 28 und nachfolgend wird der Halbleiterschalter 32 wieder abgeschaltet. FIG 2 shows a main winding 23 and for one phase of the high-voltage side 21 of the controllable local network transformer 20 a control winding 24. One end of the main winding 23 is connected to two taps of the control winding 24 via vacuum switches 27, 28. In the case of one of the taps, the vacuum switch 27 can be bridged by a bridging switch 32 arranged in parallel, a current limiting resistor 35 being arranged in series with the bridging switch 32. The taps are arranged in such a way that switching results in a change in the number of turns of 2.5% of the total number of turns. When switching over, the bridging can be used in a known manner to switch under load and thereby reduce circulating currents. For a switchover, the bypass switch 32 is activated and takes over the current when the vacuum switch 27, 28, which was closed at the time before the switchover, opens. Only after opening this vacuum switch 27, 28 does the other of the vacuum switches 27, 28 close and then the semiconductor switch 32 is switched off again.

Auf der Unterspannungsseite 22 des regelbaren Ortsnetztransformators 20 ist ein analoger Aufbau mit Vakuumschaltern 29, 30, 31 für Niederspannung und einem Überbrückungsschalter 33 sowie einem Strombegrenzungswiderstand 36 vorhanden. Auf der Unterspannungsseite 22 sind allerdings drei Anzapfungen und daher auch drei Vakuumschalter 29, 30, 31 für jede Phase vorhanden. Die Anzapfungen auf der Unterspannungsseite 22 sind so angeordnet, dass eine Umschaltung der Vakuumschalter 29, 30, 31 zu relativen Änderungen der Spannung von ca. +5% der Gesamtwindungszahl führen, also gerade einer Windung bei einer Gesamtzahl von 20 Windungen. Ein kleinerer Schritt ist somit auf der Unterspannungsseite 22 nicht leicht ausführbar.On the low voltage side 22 of the controllable local network transformer 20 there is an analog structure with vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 for low voltage and a bypass switch 33 and a current limiting resistor 36. On the low voltage side 22, however, there are three taps and therefore also three vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 for each phase. The taps on the low voltage side 22 are arranged in such a way that switching over the vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 leads to relative changes in the voltage of approx. + 5% of the total number of turns, i.e. just one turn for a total of 20 turns. A smaller step is therefore not easy to carry out on the low voltage side 22.

Die beiden Laststufenschalter können somit zusammen sechs verschiedene Spannungsniveaus ansteuern, die in 2,5 %-Schritten zwischen beispielsweise -7,5% und +5% der Standardspannung liegen. Dafür kommen sechs Mittelspannungsvakuumschalter und zwölf Niederspannungsvakuumschalter zum Einsatz, während bei einem bekannten regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator, bei dem fünf Schaltstufen ausschließlich auf der Oberspannungsseite schaltbar sind, 15 Mittelspannungsvakuumschalter benötigt werden.The two on-load tap-changers can therefore control six different voltage levels together, which are between -7.5% and + 5% of the standard voltage in 2.5% steps. Six medium-voltage vacuum switches and twelve low-voltage vacuum switches are used for this purpose, while in a known controllable local network transformer, In which five switching stages can only be switched on the high-voltage side, 15 medium-voltage vacuum switches are required.

Rüstet man die Vakuumschalter mit einem schnellen Antrieb aus, dann kann die Überbrückung mit dem Überbrückungsschalter 32, 33 entfallen. Dazu wird die Steuerung 15 ausgestaltet, eine Erkennung des Stromnulldurchgangs durchzuführen und den Schaltvorgang für die Vakuumschalter 27...31 daran auszurichten. Der jeweils öffnende Vakuumschalter 27...31 öffnet dann kurz vor einem Stromnulldurchgang, beispielsweise innerhalb von 2 ms davor. Der sich bildende Lichtbogen verlischt beim Stromnulldurchgang. Der schließende Vakuumschalter 27...31 schließt erst kurz nach dem Stromnulldurchgang, beispielsweise innerhalb von 2 ms danach. Da zu keiner Zeit beide Schalter geschlossen sind, wird ein Kreisstrom vermieden und gleichzeitig ein Schalten unter Last erzielt. Hierdurch wird pro Phase und Seite 21, 22 ein Überbrückungsschalter eingespart.If the vacuum switch is equipped with a fast drive, the bridging with the bridging switch 32, 33 can be omitted. To this end, the controller 15 is designed to detect the current zero crossing and to align the switching process for the vacuum switches 27... 31 with it. The respective opening vacuum switch 27 ... 31 then opens shortly before a current zero crossing, for example within 2 ms before that. The arc that forms is extinguished when the current passes zero. The closing vacuum switch 27 ... 31 does not close until shortly after the current has passed zero, for example within 2 ms thereafter. Since both switches are never closed, a circulating current is avoided and switching under load is achieved at the same time. This saves one bypass switch per phase and page 21, 22.

Hierzu ist es zweckmäßig, Schalter einzusetzen, die entweder eine sehr geringe Schaltverzögerung aufweisen, idealerweise im Bereich von weniger als 10 ms, noch besser im Bereich von weniger als 2 ms. Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Schaltverzögerung der Schalter nur geringfügig von Umgebungsbedingungen wie der Temperatur abhängt. Mit solchen Schaltern ist es möglich, den Schaltzeitpunkt ausreichend mit dem Stromnulldurchgang zu synchronisieren.For this purpose, it is expedient to use switches that either have a very short switching delay, ideally in the range of less than 10 ms, even better in the range of less than 2 ms. Alternatively or additionally, it is advantageous if the switching delay of the switches depends only slightly on ambient conditions such as the temperature. With such switches it is possible to sufficiently synchronize the switching time with the current zero crossing.

FIG 3 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für den Aufbau der Laststufenschalter 16, 17 für einen beispielhaften regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator 40, wobei dieser regelbare Ortsnetztransformator 40 vier verschiedene Schaltstufen erlaubt. Der regelbare Ortsnetztransformator 40 weist analog Stammwicklungen 43, 45 und Regelwicklungen 44, 46 für die Ober- und Unterspannungsseite 41, 42 auf. FIG 3 shows a further embodiment for the structure of the on-load tap changer 16, 17 for an exemplary controllable local network transformer 40, this controllable local network transformer 40 allowing four different switching stages. The controllable local network transformer 40 similarly has main windings 43, 45 and control windings 44, 46 for the high and low voltage sides 41, 42.

Anstelle der Vakuumschalter des vorigen Beispiels kommen hier schnelle Wechselschalter zum Einsatz. Dabei wird pro Phase sowohl auf der Ober- als auch auf der Unterspannungsseite 41, 42 nur jeweils ein Wechselschalter 47, 48 verwendet. Der Wechselschalter 47, 48 sorgt dafür, dass stets ein Strompfad vorhanden ist und eine Überbrückung ist ebenfalls unnötig. Insgesamt kommen also nur sechs der Wechselschalter 47, 48, nämlich einer pro Phase und Seite 41, 42 zum Einsatz, was einen sehr geringen baulichen Aufwand für die Realisierung von einer Laststufenschaltung mit vier Stufen darstellt.Instead of the vacuum switch in the previous example, fast changeover switches are used here. In this case, only one changeover switch 47, 48 is used per phase on both the high voltage and the low voltage side 41, 42. The changeover switch 47, 48 ensures that a current path is always present and bridging is also unnecessary. In total, only six of the changeover switches 47, 48, namely one per phase and side 41, 42 are used, which represents a very low structural effort for the implementation of an on-load tap-changer with four stages.

Claims (10)

  1. Regulatable local grid transformer (10, 20, 40) having at least one high-voltage coil (23, 24, 43, 44) on the high-voltage side (21, 41) and at least one low-voltage coil (25, 26, 45, 46) on the low-voltage side (22, 42), comprising a first on-load tap changer (17) for the low-voltage side, wherein the first on-load tap changer (17) is configured to switch between at least two different numbers of turns of the low-voltage coil (25, 26, 45, 46) and comprises at least one first switch (29, 30, 31) for this purpose, characterized by a second on-load tap changer (16) for the high-voltage side (21, 41), wherein the second on-load tap changer (16) is configured to switch between at least two different numbers of turns of the high-voltage coil (23, 24, 43, 44) and comprises at least one second switch (27, 28) for this purpose.
  2. Regulatable local grid transformer (10, 20, 40) according to Claim 1, wherein the second on-load tap changer (16) is configured to switch between exactly two different numbers of turns of the high-voltage coil (23, 24, 43, 44).
  3. Regulatable local grid transformer (10, 20, 40) according to Claim 1, wherein the first and second switches (27...31) comprise vacuum switches or are vacuum switches.
  4. Regulatable local grid transformer (10, 20, 40) according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the first on-load tap changer (17) is configured to switch between exactly two or exactly three different numbers of turns of the low-voltage coil (25, 26, 45, 46) .
  5. Regulatable local grid transformer (10, 20, 40) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second on-load tap changer (16) is configured to effect a change in the number of turns of the high-voltage coil (23, 24, 43, 44) of between 1% and 4%, in particular between 2% and 3%, at switching.
  6. Regulatable local grid transformer (10, 20, 40) according to one of the preceding claims, having a bypass circuit for drawing current at switching, wherein the bypass circuit comprises a further switching device (32, 33) and a current limiting resistor (35, 36).
  7. Regulatable local grid transformer (10, 20, 40) according to one of the preceding claims, having a control means (15) that is configured to determine a time of the current zero crossing for a phase to be switched, to open a switch (27...31) for this phase within a time interval of less than 2 ms before the current zero crossing and to close a further switch (27...31) for this phase within a time interval of less than 2 ms after the current zero crossing.
  8. Regulatable local grid transformer (10, 20, 40) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first on-load tap changer (17) comprises exactly two switches per phase.
  9. Regulatable local grid transformer (10, 20, 40) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first on-load tap changer (17) comprises exactly one changeover switch (48) per phase.
  10. Regulatable local grid transformer (10, 20, 40) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the second on-load tap changer (16) comprises exactly one changeover switch (47) per phase.
EP16797480.7A 2015-12-15 2016-11-07 Controllable local network transformer Active EP3365906B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015225314.7A DE102015225314A1 (en) 2015-12-15 2015-12-15 Adjustable local power transformer
PCT/EP2016/076808 WO2017102174A1 (en) 2015-12-15 2016-11-07 Controllable local network transformer

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EP3365906A1 EP3365906A1 (en) 2018-08-29
EP3365906B1 true EP3365906B1 (en) 2022-01-05

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EP (1) EP3365906B1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2017102174A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3742251A1 (en) * 2019-05-24 2020-11-25 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation & Technology, S.L. Wind turbine transformer control
DE102021113821A1 (en) * 2021-05-28 2022-12-01 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPERATING A CONTROL TRANSFORMER
DE102022117587A1 (en) 2022-07-14 2024-01-25 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Method for operating an on-load tap changer and on-load tap changer device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1110314A (en) * 1964-08-31 1968-04-18 Ass Elect Ind Improvements in and relating to on-load tap changing gear
JPS5118609B1 (en) * 1968-03-13 1976-06-11
US3513380A (en) * 1968-06-19 1970-05-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Load tap changing transformer arrangement with constant impedance
DE19743864C1 (en) * 1997-10-04 1999-04-15 Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck Tap changer
EP2166637A1 (en) * 2008-09-19 2010-03-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Power supply arrangement for direct electrical heating of a pipeline system
DE102011108255A1 (en) * 2011-07-22 2013-01-24 ct.e Controltechnology Engineering GmbH Method for adaptive control of the supply voltage in local networks
DE102013109289B8 (en) * 2013-08-27 2017-12-28 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh On-load tap-changer, tap-changer for voltage regulation and method for carrying out a changeover in the tapped transformer

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WO2017102174A1 (en) 2017-06-22
EP3365906A1 (en) 2018-08-29

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