EP3365906A1 - Controllable local network transformer - Google Patents

Controllable local network transformer

Info

Publication number
EP3365906A1
EP3365906A1 EP16797480.7A EP16797480A EP3365906A1 EP 3365906 A1 EP3365906 A1 EP 3365906A1 EP 16797480 A EP16797480 A EP 16797480A EP 3365906 A1 EP3365906 A1 EP 3365906A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
power transformer
local power
switching
load tap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16797480.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3365906B1 (en
Inventor
Karsten Handt
Michael Heinz
Sylvio Kosse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3365906A1 publication Critical patent/EP3365906A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3365906B1 publication Critical patent/EP3365906B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0038—Tap change devices making use of vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0011—Voltage selector switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an adjustable local network transformer for transforming the electrical voltage from the medium-voltage network to the lower voltage used in the low-voltage network (local area network).
  • Controllable local network transformers can change the transmission ratio between their high-voltage side, ie the mean ⁇ voltage of, for example, 10-20 kV, and its low-voltage side, ie the local network voltage of 400V, for example in Europe. As a result, it is possible to compensate for voltage variations that arise, for example, from the feed-in from decentralized photovoltaic systems.
  • Known adjustable local power transformers have on the high-voltage side to an on-load tap, which includes, for example, a medium voltage vacuum tube per phase and stage of the tap changer, so for example 15 medium voltage vacuum switch for three phases and 5 stages.
  • Medium voltage vacuum switches are disadvantageously complex and therefore expensive and therefore make the design of the on-load tap changer unfavorable.
  • a preferred value for the voltage setting steps of 2.5% can be set.
  • Another solution arranges the on-load tap-changer on the low-voltage side of the controllable local power transformer. In this case, cheaper and simpler low voltage vacuums are used.
  • the minimum setting step depends on the number of turns of the undervoltage coil and is for example 5% for 20 turns. This adjusting step is disadvantageously greater than the preferred setting step of
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a controllable local power transformer, the above-mentioned Disadvantages known controllable local power transformer reduces or avoids.
  • the controllable local power transformer according to the invention comprises at least one high voltage coil on the high voltage side and at least one low voltage coil on the low voltage side.
  • the adjustable local network comprises a first transformer load tap for the lower voltage side, wherein the first load tap changer is designed for switching between at least two different numbers of turns of the low voltage coil and comprises for this purpose at least a second scarf ⁇ ter.
  • the controllable Ortsnetztrans ⁇ formator comprises a second on-load tap changer for the high-voltage side, wherein the second on-load tap changer between at least two different numbers of turns of the high-voltage coil is configured and to at least a second switch comprises.
  • the invention provides a controllable local network transformer which has an on-load tap-changer both on the high-voltage side and on the low-voltage side. Due to the present on the high side load tap advantageously ensures that the voltage level can be switched in relative terms ⁇ fine steps, the voltage side of the undervoltage alone would not be reached. At the same time ver ⁇ remains the largest possible part of the planning effort with the load tap on the low voltage side where the lower voltage and lower demands on the construction of the load tap changer due.
  • the switching accuracy and the construction cost has been found when exactly two levels of turns are available on the high voltage side. These are then preferably such that a change in the number of turns of the high-voltage coil between 1% and 4%, in particular between 2% and 3%, preferably ⁇ 2.5%, is effected during the switchover. These margins are smaller than those he are ⁇ reichbar usually on the low voltage side.
  • the first on-load tap changer can be configured to switch between exactly three different numbers of turns of the low voltage coil. With this configuration, there are six different gear ratios.
  • who but the required ⁇ for the three phases only six switches on the high voltage side, while on the low voltage side for a further 12 switches a switch for a bypass for the switching operation is used for each phase are needed.
  • the first and second switches include vacuum switches or vacuum switches. Expediently, a switch is used per phase and per switchable stage of the on-load tap-changer.
  • the controllable local power transformer may have a bridging circuit for current consumption during the switching, wherein the bridging circuit comprises a further switching device and expediently a current limiting resistor.
  • the controllable local network transformer may comprise a controller which is configured to determine a timing of current zero ⁇ passage for a phase to be switched to open a switch for that phase at a time interval of WE- niger than 2 ms before the current zero crossing, and another Close the switch for this phase at a time interval of less than 2 ms after the current zero crossing.
  • Such a structure makes the bypass circuit unnecessary.
  • a switching arc in the switching-off switch disappears in the current zero crossing. Since the switch to be closed at this time still has no contact, a circle ⁇ current is avoided.
  • the first and / or the second on-load tap changer may comprise exactly one changeover switch per phase and switching stage.
  • a changeover switch is used at the location of every two switches that work as a contact. This makes it possible to compensate for the first and / or second load tap favorably with exactly three way switches ⁇ lead.
  • the first and second on-load tap-changer can be constructed together with exactly six toggle switches, thus achieving four switching stages.
  • Switching stages, 3 shows a controllable local power transformer with four
  • the controllable Ortsnetztransforma ⁇ tor 10 includes a high-voltage side 11 and a Unterspan ⁇ tion side 12.
  • the upper ⁇ voltage side 11 is designed for voltages in the range of 20 kV
  • the low voltage side 12 is designed for voltages of 400V.
  • connection lines 14 on the low voltage side 12 are connected to a controller 15 which also includes voltage monitoring.
  • the controller 15 is connected to a first load tap 16 on the high voltage side 11 and controls the ers ⁇ th load tap changer 16.
  • the controller is further connected to a second load tap changer 17, which is arranged on the low-voltage side 12th
  • the controller 15 monitors the voltage levels on the connection lines 14 to the local area network and controls the on-load tap changers 16, 17 according to their position.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the structure of the on-load tap changers 16, 17 for an exemplary controllable local power transformer 20, wherein this controllable local power transformer 20 has six different types Switching stages allowed. 2 shows a phase of the high voltage side 21 of the re ⁇ gelbaren local network transformer 20, a main winding 23 and a control winding 24.
  • One end of the main winding 23 is through vacuum switch 27, 28 with two taps of the regulating winding 24 connected.
  • one of the taps of the vacuum switch 27 can be bridged by a parallel Uberb Wegungsschal ⁇ ter 32, wherein in series with the bypass switch 32, a current limiting resistor 35 is arranged.
  • the taps are arranged so that the changeover causes a change in the number of turns of 2.5% of the total number of turns.
  • the bypass can be used in the switching in a known manner to make a circuit under load while reducing circulating currents.
  • the bridging scarf ⁇ ter 32 is activated to take over the power when the vacuum switch 27, 28, which was closed at the time before switching opens. Only after the opening of this vacuum switch 27, 28 closes the other of the vacuum switch 27, 28 and subsequently the semiconductor switch 32 is turned off again.
  • the controllable Ortsnetztrans ⁇ formator 20 On the low voltage side 22 of the controllable Ortsnetztrans ⁇ formator 20 is an analog structure with vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 for low voltage and a bypass switch 33 and a current limiting resistor 36 is present. On the low voltage side 22, however, three taps and therefore also three vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 are present for each phase. The taps on the low voltage side 22 are arranged so that a switch of the vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 lead to relative changes in the voltage of about + 5% of the total number of turns, so just one turn for a total of 20 turns. A smaller step is thus not easily carried out on the low voltage side 22.
  • the two load tap changer can thus drive together six different voltage levels in 2.5% - between, say, -7.5% and + 5% of the standard voltage ⁇ are steps.
  • Six medium-voltage vacuum switches and twelve low-voltage vacuum switches are used for this purpose, while in a known controllable local power transformer, five switching stages are operated exclusively on the upper chip. switchable side, 15 medium voltage vacuum switches are needed.
  • the controller 15 is configured to perform a detection of the current zero crossing and to align the switching operation for the vacuum switch 27 ... 31 thereto.
  • the respective opening vacuum switch 27 ... 31 then opens shortly before a current zero crossing, for example within 2 ms before.
  • the closing vacuum switch 27 ... 31 closes shortly after the current zero crossing, for example within 2 ms thereafter. Since at no time both switches are closed, a circular current is avoided and at the same time switching under load is achieved. As a result, a bypass switch is saved per phase and page 21, 22.
  • switches which either have a very short switching delay, ideally in the range of less than 10 ms, more preferably in the range of less than 2 ms.
  • the switching delay of the switches only slightly depends on ambient conditions such as the temperature. With such switches, it is possible to synchronize the switching time suffi ⁇ accordingly with the current zero crossing.
  • controllable local power transformer 40 has analog trunk windings 43, 45 and control windings 44, 46 for the upper and lower voltage side 41, 42.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a controllable local network transformer, comprising at least one high-voltage coil on a high-voltage side, at least one low-voltage coil on a low-voltage side, a first on-load tap changer for the low-voltage side, wherein the first on-load tap changer is designed for switching between at least two different numbers of turns of the low-voltage coil and comprises at least one second switch for this purpose, and a second on-load tap changer for the high-voltage side, wherein the second on-load tap changer is designed for switching between at least two different numbers of turns of the high-voltage coil and comprises at least one second switch for this purpose.

Description

Beschreibung description
Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator Die Erfindung betrifft einen regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator zur Transformation der elektrischen Spannung aus dem Mittelspannungsnetz auf die im Niederspannungsnetz (Ortsnetz) verwendete niedrigere Spannung. Regelbare Ortsnetztransformatoren können das Übersetzungsverhältnis zwischen ihrer Oberspannungsseite, d.h. der Mittel¬ spannung von beispielsweise 10-20 kV, und ihrer Unterspannungsseite, also der Ortsnetzspannung von beispielsweise in Europa 400 V, verändern. Dadurch können Spannungsveränderun- gen ausgeglichen werden, die beispielsweise durch die Ein- speisung aus dezentralen Photovoltaik-Anlagen entstehen. The invention relates to an adjustable local network transformer for transforming the electrical voltage from the medium-voltage network to the lower voltage used in the low-voltage network (local area network). Controllable local network transformers can change the transmission ratio between their high-voltage side, ie the mean ¬ voltage of, for example, 10-20 kV, and its low-voltage side, ie the local network voltage of 400V, for example in Europe. As a result, it is possible to compensate for voltage variations that arise, for example, from the feed-in from decentralized photovoltaic systems.
Bekannte regelbare Ortsnetztransformatoren weisen dazu auf der Oberspannungsseite einen Laststufenschalter auf, der bei- spielsweise eine Mittelspannungsvakuumröhre pro Phase und Stufe des Stufenschalters umfasst, also beispielsweise 15 Mittelspannungsvakuumschalter für drei Phasen und 5 Stufen. Mittelspannungsvakuumschalter sind nachteiligerweise komplex und daher teuer und machen daher den Aufbau des Laststufen- Schalters ungünstig. Dafür kann hiermit ein bevorzugter Wert für die Spannungs-Stellschritte von 2,5% eingestellt werden. Known adjustable local power transformers have on the high-voltage side to an on-load tap, which includes, for example, a medium voltage vacuum tube per phase and stage of the tap changer, so for example 15 medium voltage vacuum switch for three phases and 5 stages. Medium voltage vacuum switches are disadvantageously complex and therefore expensive and therefore make the design of the on-load tap changer unfavorable. For this purpose, a preferred value for the voltage setting steps of 2.5% can be set.
Eine andere Lösung ordnet den Laststufenschalter auf der Unterspannungsseite des regelbaren Ortsnetztransformators an. Hierbei werden günstigere und einfachere Niederspannungsvaku¬ um verwendet. Der minimale Stellschritt hängt dabei von der Anzahl der Windungen der Unterspannungsspule ab und beträgt beispielswe.LSG 5% bei 20 Windungen. Dieser Stellschritt ist nachteiligerweise größer als der bevorzugte Stellschritt von Another solution arranges the on-load tap-changer on the low-voltage side of the controllable local power transformer. In this case, cheaper and simpler low voltage vacuums are used. The minimum setting step depends on the number of turns of the undervoltage coil and is for example 5% for 20 turns. This adjusting step is disadvantageously greater than the preferred setting step of
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator anzugeben, der die eingangs genannten Nachteile bekannter regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator vermindert oder vermeidet. Object of the present invention is to provide a controllable local power transformer, the above-mentioned Disadvantages known controllable local power transformer reduces or avoids.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen regelbaren Ortsnetztransforma- tor mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Ortsnetztrans¬ formators . This object is achieved by a controllable Ortsnetztransforma- tor with the features of claim 1. The subclaims relate to advantageous embodiments of the Ortsnetztrans ¬ formator.
Der erfindungsgemäße regelbare Ortsnetztransformator umfasst wenigstens eine Oberspannungsspule auf Oberspannungsseite und wenigstens eine Unterspannungsspule auf Unterspannungsseite. Weiterhin umfasst der regelbare Ortsnetztransformator einen ersten Laststufenschalter für die Unterspannungsseite, wobei der erste Laststufenschalter zur Umschaltung zwischen wenigs- tens zwei verschiedenen Windungszahlen der Unterspannungsspule ausgestaltet ist und dazu wenigstens einen zweiten Schal¬ ter umfasst. Weiterhin umfasst der regelbare Ortsnetztrans¬ formator einen zweiten Laststufenschalter für die Oberspannungsseite, wobei der zweite Laststufenschalter zur Umschal- tung zwischen wenigstens zwei verschiedenen Windungszahlen der Oberspannungsspule ausgestaltet ist und dazu wenigstens einen zweiten Schalter umfasst. The controllable local power transformer according to the invention comprises at least one high voltage coil on the high voltage side and at least one low voltage coil on the low voltage side. Furthermore, the adjustable local network comprises a first transformer load tap for the lower voltage side, wherein the first load tap changer is designed for switching between at least two different numbers of turns of the low voltage coil and comprises for this purpose at least a second scarf ¬ ter. Furthermore, the controllable Ortsnetztrans ¬ formator comprises a second on-load tap changer for the high-voltage side, wherein the second on-load tap changer between at least two different numbers of turns of the high-voltage coil is configured and to at least a second switch comprises.
Die Erfindung schafft also einen regelbaren Ortsnetztransfor- mator, der sowohl auf der Oberspannungsseite als auch auf der Unterspannungsseite einen Laststufenschalter aufweist. Durch den auf der Oberspannungsseite vorhandenen Laststufenschalter vorteilhaft erreicht, dass das Spannungsniveau in verhältnis¬ mäßig feinen Schritten schaltbar ist, die von der Unterspan- nungsseite allein nicht erreichbar wären. Gleichzeitig ver¬ bleibt aber ein möglichst großer Teil des baulichen Aufwands mit dem Laststufenschalter auf der Unterspannungsseite, wo die geringere Spannung auch geringere Anforderungen an den Aufbau des Laststufenschalters bedingt. Thus, the invention provides a controllable local network transformer which has an on-load tap-changer both on the high-voltage side and on the low-voltage side. Due to the present on the high side load tap advantageously ensures that the voltage level can be switched in relative terms ¬ fine steps, the voltage side of the undervoltage alone would not be reached. At the same time ver ¬ remains the largest possible part of the planning effort with the load tap on the low voltage side where the lower voltage and lower demands on the construction of the load tap changer due.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung gehen aus den von Anspruch 1 abhängigen Ansprüchen hervor. Dabei kann die Ausführungsform nach Anspruch 1 mit den Merkmalen eines der Un- teransprüche oder vorzugsweise auch mit denen aus mehreren Unteransprüchen kombiniert werden. Demgemäß können für den Stromwandler noch zusätzlich folgende Merkmale vorgesehen werden : Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent of claim 1 claims. In this case, the embodiment according to claim 1 with the characteristics of one of the Un-. or preferably also combined with those of several subclaims. Accordingly, the following features can additionally be provided for the current transformer:
Als idealer Kompromiss zwischen der Schaltgenauigkeit und dem baulichen Aufwand hat sich erwiesen, wenn auf der Oberspannungsseite genau zwei Stufen der Windungszahl erreichbar sind. Diese liegen dann bevorzugt so, dass bei der Umschal- tung eine Änderung der Windungszahl der Oberspannungsspule zwischen 1 % und 4 %, insbesondere zwischen 2 % und 3 %, be¬ vorzugt 2,5 %, bewirkt wird. Diese Spannen sind kleiner als diejenigen, die üblicherweise auf der Unterspannungsseite er¬ reichbar sind. Indem mit dem ersten Laststufenschalter grobe Stellschritte und mit dem zweiten Laststufenschalter feinere Stellschritte unternommen werden, wird insgesamt ein weiter Stellbereich mit feinen Stellschritten realisiert. Dabei kann der erste Laststufenschalter zur Umschaltung zwischen genau drei verschiedenen Windungszahlen der Unterspannungsspule ausgestaltet sein. Bei dieser Konfiguration ergeben sich sechs verschiedene Übersetzungsverhältnisse. Vorteilhaft wer¬ den aber für die drei Phasen nur sechs Schalter auf der Oberspannungsseite benötigt, während auf der Unterspannungsseite weitere 12 Schalter benötigt werden, wobei pro Phase ein Schalter für eine Überbrückung für den Schaltvorgang verwendet wird. As an ideal compromise between the switching accuracy and the construction cost has been found when exactly two levels of turns are available on the high voltage side. These are then preferably such that a change in the number of turns of the high-voltage coil between 1% and 4%, in particular between 2% and 3%, preferably ¬ 2.5%, is effected during the switchover. These margins are smaller than those he are ¬ reichbar usually on the low voltage side. By undertaking coarse setting steps with the first on-load tap-changer and finer setting steps with the second on-load tap-changer, a further setting range with fine setting steps is realized overall. In this case, the first on-load tap changer can be configured to switch between exactly three different numbers of turns of the low voltage coil. With this configuration, there are six different gear ratios. Advantageously, who but the required ¬ for the three phases only six switches on the high voltage side, while on the low voltage side for a further 12 switches a switch for a bypass for the switching operation is used for each phase are needed.
Der erste und zweite Schalter umfassen Vakuumschalter oder sind Vakuumschalter. Zweckmäßig kommt pro Phase und pro schaltbare Stufe der Laststufenschalter ein Schalter zum Einsatz . The first and second switches include vacuum switches or vacuum switches. Expediently, a switch is used per phase and per switchable stage of the on-load tap-changer.
Der regelbare Ortsnetztransformator kann eine Überbrückungs- schaltung zur Stromaufnahme bei der Umschaltung aufweisen, wobei die Überbrückungsschaltung eine weitere Schalteinrichtung umfasst sowie zweckmäßig einen Strombegrenzungswiderstand . Der regelbare Ortsnetztransformator kann eine Steuerung umfassen, die ausgestaltet ist, einen Zeitpunkt des Stromnull¬ durchgangs für eine zu schaltende Phase zu ermitteln, einen Schalter für diese Phase in einem zeitlichen Abstand von we- niger als 2 ms vor dem Stromnulldurchgang zu öffnen und einen weiteren Schalter für diese Phase in einem zeitlichen Abstand von weniger als 2 ms nach dem Stromnulldurchgang zu schließen. Ein derartiger Aufbau macht die Überbrückungsschaltung unnötig. Ein Schaltlichtbogen im abschaltenden Schalter ver- lischt im Stromnulldurchgang. Da der zu schließende Schalter zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch keinen Kontakt hat, wird ein Kreis¬ strom vermieden. Hierfür ist es zweckmäßig, wenn Schalter verwendet werden, die eine kurze, bevorzugt weniger als 5 ms betragende Schaltverzögerung aufweisen, wobei die Schaltver- zögerung im Wesentlichen unabhängig von Einflüssen wie der Temperatur ist. The controllable local power transformer may have a bridging circuit for current consumption during the switching, wherein the bridging circuit comprises a further switching device and expediently a current limiting resistor. The controllable local network transformer may comprise a controller which is configured to determine a timing of current zero ¬ passage for a phase to be switched to open a switch for that phase at a time interval of WE- niger than 2 ms before the current zero crossing, and another Close the switch for this phase at a time interval of less than 2 ms after the current zero crossing. Such a structure makes the bypass circuit unnecessary. A switching arc in the switching-off switch disappears in the current zero crossing. Since the switch to be closed at this time still has no contact, a circle ¬ current is avoided. For this purpose, it is expedient to use switches which have a short switching delay, preferably less than 5 ms, the switching delay being essentially independent of influences such as the temperature.
Der erste und/oder der zweite Laststufenschalter kann genau einen Wechselschalter pro Phase und Schaltstufe umfassen. Mit anderen Worten wird an der Stelle von jeweils zwei Schaltern, die als Kontakt arbeiten, ein Wechselschalter verwendet. Damit ist es möglich, den ersten und/oder zweiten Laststufenschalter vorteilhaft mit genau drei Wechselschaltern auszu¬ führen. Somit kann in einer Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeit der erste und zweite Laststufenschalter zusammen mit genau sechs Wechselschaltern aufgebaut werden und damit vier Schaltstufen erreichen . The first and / or the second on-load tap changer may comprise exactly one changeover switch per phase and switching stage. In other words, a changeover switch is used at the location of every two switches that work as a contact. This makes it possible to compensate for the first and / or second load tap favorably with exactly three way switches ¬ lead. Thus, in one embodiment, the first and second on-load tap-changer can be constructed together with exactly six toggle switches, thus achieving four switching stages.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand von bevorzugten Aus- führungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung noch weiter erläutert. Dabei zeigen jeweils in schematisierter Form The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. In each case show in schematic form
FIG 1 den Aufbau eines regelbaren Ortsnetztransformators, 1 shows the structure of a controllable local power transformer,
FIG 2 einen regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator mit sechs 2 shows a controllable local power transformer with six
Schaltstufen, FIG 3 einen regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator mit vierSwitching stages, 3 shows a controllable local power transformer with four
Schaltstufen und Wechselschaltern. Switching stages and changeover switches.
FIG 1 zeigt ein grobes Schema für den Aufbau eines regelbaren Ortsnetztransformators 10. Der regelbare Ortsnetztransforma¬ tor 10 umfasst eine Oberspannungsseite 11 und eine Unterspan¬ nungsseite 12. Typischerweise ist in Deutschland die Ober¬ spannungsseite 11 für Spannungen im Bereich von 20 kV ausgelegt, während die Unterspannungsseite 12 für Spannungen von 400 V ausgelegt ist. The controllable Ortsnetztransforma ¬ tor 10 includes a high-voltage side 11 and a Unterspan ¬ tion side 12. Typically, in Germany, the upper ¬ voltage side 11 is designed for voltages in the range of 20 kV, while the low voltage side 12 is designed for voltages of 400V.
Auf der Oberspannungsseite 11 führen Anschlussleitungen 13 für den Anschluss an das Mittelspannungsnetz in den regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator 10. Auf der Unterspannungsseite führen Anschlussleitungen 14 zum Anschluss des lokalen Ortsnetzes aus dem regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator 10. Die Anschlussleitungen 14 auf der Unterspannungsseite 12 sind mit einer Steuerung 15 verbunden, die auch eine Spannungsüberwachung einschließt. On the high-voltage side 11 lead connecting cables 13 for connection to the medium-voltage network in the controllable local power transformer 10. On the low voltage side leads connecting lines 14 for connection of the local area network from the controllable local power transformer 10. The connection lines 14 on the low voltage side 12 are connected to a controller 15 which also includes voltage monitoring.
Die Steuerung 15 ist mit einem ersten Laststufenschalter 16 auf der Oberspannungsseite 11 verbunden und steuert den ers¬ ten Laststufenschalter 16. Die Steuerung ist weiterhin mit einem zweiten Laststufenschalter 17 verbunden, der auf der Unterspannungsseite 12 angeordnet ist. Die Steuerung 15 über¬ wacht die Spannungsniveaus auf den Anschlussleitungen 14 zum Ortsnetz und steuert nach deren Lage die Laststufenschalter 16, 17. FIG 2 zeigt schematisch den Aufbau der Laststufenschalter 16, 17 für einen beispielhaften regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator 20, wobei dieser regelbare Ortsnetztransformator 20 sechs verschiedene Schaltstufen erlaubt. FIG 2 zeigt für eine Phase der Oberspannungsseite 21 des re¬ gelbaren Ortsnetztransformators 20 eine Stammwicklung 23 und eine Regelwicklung 24. Ein Ende der Stammwicklung 23 ist über Vakuumschalter 27, 28 mit zwei Anzapfungen der Regelwicklung 24 verbunden. Bei einer der Anzapfungen ist der Vakuumschalter 27 durch einen parallel angeordneten Uberbrückungsschal¬ ter 32 überbrückbar, wobei in Serie zum Überbrückungsschalter 32 ein Strombegrenzungswiderstand 35 angeordnet ist. Die An- zapfungen sind dabei so angeordnet, dass durch die Umschal- tung eine Änderung der Windungszahl von 2,5% der Gesamtwin- dungszahl bewirkt wird. Die Überbrückung kann bei der Um- schaltung in bekannter Weise dazu verwendet werden, eine Schaltung unter Last vorzunehmen und dabei Kreisströme zu vermindern. Für eine Umschaltung wird der Überbrückungsschal¬ ter 32 aktiviert und übernimmt den Strom, wenn der Vakuumschalter 27, 28, der zu der Zeit vor der Umschaltung geschlossen war, öffnet. Erst nach der Öffnung dieses Vakuumschalters 27, 28 schließt der andere der Vakuumschalter 27, 28 und nachfolgend wird der Halbleiterschalter 32 wieder abgeschaltet . The controller 15 is connected to a first load tap 16 on the high voltage side 11 and controls the ers ¬ th load tap changer 16. The controller is further connected to a second load tap changer 17, which is arranged on the low-voltage side 12th The controller 15 monitors the voltage levels on the connection lines 14 to the local area network and controls the on-load tap changers 16, 17 according to their position. FIG. 2 schematically shows the structure of the on-load tap changers 16, 17 for an exemplary controllable local power transformer 20, wherein this controllable local power transformer 20 has six different types Switching stages allowed. 2 shows a phase of the high voltage side 21 of the re ¬ gelbaren local network transformer 20, a main winding 23 and a control winding 24. One end of the main winding 23 is through vacuum switch 27, 28 with two taps of the regulating winding 24 connected. In one of the taps of the vacuum switch 27 can be bridged by a parallel Uberbrückungsschal ¬ ter 32, wherein in series with the bypass switch 32, a current limiting resistor 35 is arranged. The taps are arranged so that the changeover causes a change in the number of turns of 2.5% of the total number of turns. The bypass can be used in the switching in a known manner to make a circuit under load while reducing circulating currents. For switching the bridging scarf ¬ ter 32 is activated to take over the power when the vacuum switch 27, 28, which was closed at the time before switching opens. Only after the opening of this vacuum switch 27, 28 closes the other of the vacuum switch 27, 28 and subsequently the semiconductor switch 32 is turned off again.
Auf der Unterspannungsseite 22 des regelbaren Ortsnetztrans¬ formators 20 ist ein analoger Aufbau mit Vakuumschaltern 29, 30, 31 für Niederspannung und einem Überbrückungsschalter 33 sowie einem Strombegrenzungswiderstand 36 vorhanden. Auf der Unterspannungsseite 22 sind allerdings drei Anzapfungen und daher auch drei Vakuumschalter 29, 30, 31 für jede Phase vorhanden. Die Anzapfungen auf der Unterspannungsseite 22 sind so angeordnet, dass eine Umschaltung der Vakuumschalter 29, 30, 31 zu relativen Änderungen der Spannung von ca. +5% der Gesamtwindungszahl führen, also gerade einer Windung bei einer Gesamtzahl von 20 Windungen. Ein kleinerer Schritt ist somit auf der Unterspannungsseite 22 nicht leicht ausführbar. On the low voltage side 22 of the controllable Ortsnetztrans ¬ formator 20 is an analog structure with vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 for low voltage and a bypass switch 33 and a current limiting resistor 36 is present. On the low voltage side 22, however, three taps and therefore also three vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 are present for each phase. The taps on the low voltage side 22 are arranged so that a switch of the vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 lead to relative changes in the voltage of about + 5% of the total number of turns, so just one turn for a total of 20 turns. A smaller step is thus not easily carried out on the low voltage side 22.
Die beiden Laststufenschalter können somit zusammen sechs verschiedene Spannungsniveaus ansteuern, die in 2,5 %- Schritten zwischen beispielsweise -7,5% und +5% der Standard¬ spannung liegen. Dafür kommen sechs Mittelspannungsvakuum- Schalter und zwölf Niederspannungsvakuumschalter zum Einsatz, während bei einem bekannten regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator, bei dem fünf Schaltstufen ausschließlich auf der Oberspan- nungsseite schaltbar sind, 15 Mittelspannungsvakuumschalter benötigt werden. The two load tap changer can thus drive together six different voltage levels in 2.5% - between, say, -7.5% and + 5% of the standard voltage ¬ are steps. Six medium-voltage vacuum switches and twelve low-voltage vacuum switches are used for this purpose, while in a known controllable local power transformer, five switching stages are operated exclusively on the upper chip. switchable side, 15 medium voltage vacuum switches are needed.
Rüstet man die Vakuumschalter mit einem schnellen Antrieb aus, dann kann die Überbrückung mit dem Überbrückungsschalter 32, 33 entfallen. Dazu wird die Steuerung 15 ausgestaltet, eine Erkennung des Stromnulldurchgangs durchzuführen und den Schaltvorgang für die Vakuumschalter 27...31 daran auszurichten. Der jeweils öffnende Vakuumschalter 27...31 öffnet dann kurz vor einem Stromnulldurchgang, beispielsweise innerhalb von 2 ms davor. Der sich bildende Lichtbogen verlischt beim Stromnulldurchgang. Der schließende Vakuumschalter 27...31 schließt erst kurz nach dem Stromnulldurchgang, beispielsweise innerhalb von 2 ms danach. Da zu keiner Zeit beide Schal- ter geschlossen sind, wird ein Kreisstrom vermieden und gleichzeitig ein Schalten unter Last erzielt. Hierdurch wird pro Phase und Seite 21, 22 ein Überbrückungsschalter eingespart . Hierzu ist es zweckmäßig, Schalter einzusetzen, die entweder eine sehr geringe Schaltverzögerung aufweisen, idealerweise im Bereich von weniger als 10 ms, noch besser im Bereich von weniger als 2 ms. Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Schaltverzögerung der Schalter nur geringfügig von Umgebungsbedingungen wie der Temperatur abhängt. Mit solchen Schaltern ist es möglich, den SchaltZeitpunkt ausrei¬ chend mit dem Stromnulldurchgang zu synchronisieren. Equipping the vacuum switch with a fast drive, then the bridging with the bypass switch 32, 33 can be omitted. For this purpose, the controller 15 is configured to perform a detection of the current zero crossing and to align the switching operation for the vacuum switch 27 ... 31 thereto. The respective opening vacuum switch 27 ... 31 then opens shortly before a current zero crossing, for example within 2 ms before. The forming arc extinguishes at the current zero crossing. The closing vacuum switch 27 ... 31 closes shortly after the current zero crossing, for example within 2 ms thereafter. Since at no time both switches are closed, a circular current is avoided and at the same time switching under load is achieved. As a result, a bypass switch is saved per phase and page 21, 22. For this purpose, it is expedient to use switches which either have a very short switching delay, ideally in the range of less than 10 ms, more preferably in the range of less than 2 ms. Alternatively or additionally, it is advantageous if the switching delay of the switches only slightly depends on ambient conditions such as the temperature. With such switches, it is possible to synchronize the switching time suffi ¬ accordingly with the current zero crossing.
FIG 3 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für den Aufbau der Laststufenschalter 16, 17 für einen beispielhaften regelbaren Ortsnetztransformator 40, wobei dieser regelbare Ortsnetztransformator 40 vier verschiedene Schaltstufen erlaubt. Der regelbare Ortsnetztransformator 40 weist analog Stammwicklungen 43, 45 und Regelwicklungen 44, 46 für die Ober- und Unterspannungsseite 41, 42 auf. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the structure of the on-load tap-changer 16, 17 for an exemplary controllable local power transformer 40, wherein this controllable local power transformer 40 allows four different switching stages. The controllable local power transformer 40 has analog trunk windings 43, 45 and control windings 44, 46 for the upper and lower voltage side 41, 42.
Anstelle der Vakuumschalter des vorigen Beispiels kommen hier schnelle Wechselschalter zum Einsatz. Dabei wird pro Phase sowohl auf der Ober- als auch auf der Unterspannungsseite 41, 42 nur jeweils ein Wechselschalter 47, 48 verwendet. Der Wechselschalter 47, 48 sorgt dafür, dass stets ein Strompfad vorhanden ist und eine Überbrückung ist ebenfalls unnötig. Insgesamt kommen also nur sechs der Wechselschalter 47, 48, nämlich einer pro Phase und Seite 41, 42 zum Einsatz, was einen sehr geringen baulichen Aufwand für die Realisierung von einer Laststufenschaltung mit vier Stufen darstellt. Instead of the vacuum switch of the previous example here fast changeover switch are used. This is per phase both on the top and on the low voltage side 41, 42 only one changeover switch 47, 48 used. The changeover switch 47, 48 ensures that there is always a current path and bridging is also unnecessary. Overall, therefore, only six of the changeover switches 47, 48, namely one per phase and page 41, 42 are used, which represents a very low structural complexity for the realization of a load stage circuit with four stages.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator (10,20,40) mit wenigstens einer Oberspannungsspule (23, 24, 43, 44) auf Oberspannungs- seite (21, 41) und wenigstens einer Unterspannungsspule (25, 26, 45, 46) auf Unterspannungsseite (22, 42), umfassend einen ersten Laststufenschalter (17) für die Unterspannungsseite, wobei der erste Laststufenschalter (17) zur Umschaltung zwischen wenigstens zwei verschiedenen Windungszahlen der Unter- spannungsspule (25, 26, 45, 46) ausgestaltet ist und dazu we¬ nigstens einen ersten Schalter (29, 30, 31) umfasst, 1. A controllable local power transformer (10, 20, 40) with at least one high-voltage coil (23, 24, 43, 44) on the upper voltage side (21, 41) and at least one low-voltage coil (25, 26, 45, 46) on the low-voltage side (22 , 42), comprising a first load switch (17) for the low-voltage side, wherein the first load switch (17) voltage coil for switching between at least two different numbers of turns of the lower (25, 26, 45, 46) is configured plus we ¬ nigstens a includes first switch (29, 30, 31),
gekennzeichnet durch einen zweiten Laststufenschalter (16) für die Oberspannungsseite (21, 41), wobei der zweite Last¬ stufenschalter (16) zur Umschaltung zwischen wenigstens zwei verschiedenen Windungszahlen der Oberspannungsspule (23, 24, 43, 44) ausgestaltet ist und dazu wenigstens einen zweiten Schalter (27, 28) umfasst. characterized by a second on-load tap-changer (16) for the high-voltage side (21, 41), wherein the second load ¬ stepless switch (16) for switching between at least two different numbers of turns of the high-voltage coil (23, 24, 43, 44) is configured and at least one second switch (27, 28).
2. Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator (10,20,40) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der zweite Laststufenschalter (16) ausgestaltet ist zur Umschaltung zwischen genau zwei verschiedenen Windungszahlen der Oberspannungsspule (23, 24, 43, 44) . 2. Controllable local power transformer (10,20,40) according to claim 1, wherein the second on-load tap-changer (16) is designed for switching between exactly two different numbers of windings of the high voltage coil (23, 24, 43, 44).
3. Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator (10,20,40) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der erste und zweite Schalter (27...31) Vakuumschalter umfassen oder Vakuumschalter sind. A controllable local power transformer (10, 20, 40) according to claim 1, wherein the first and second switches (27 ... 31) comprise vacuum switches or vacuum switches.
4. Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator (10,20,40) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der erste Laststufenschalter (17) zur Um- Schaltung zwischen genau zwei oder genau drei verschiedenen Windungszahlen der Unterspannungsspule (25, 26, 45, 46) aus¬ gestaltet ist. 4. Controllable local power transformer (10,20,40) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first on-load tap changer (17) for switching between exactly two or exactly three different numbers of windings of the low voltage coil (25, 26, 45, 46) designed from ¬ is.
5. Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator (10,20,40) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei der zweite Laststufenschalter5. A controllable local power transformer (10,20,40) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second on-load tap-changer
(16) ausgestaltet ist, bei der Umschaltung eine Änderung der Windungszahl der Oberspannungsspule (23, 24, 43, 44) zwischen 1 % und 4 %, insbesondere zwischen 2 % und 3 %, zu bewirken. (16) is configured to cause a change in the number of turns of the high-voltage coil (23, 24, 43, 44) between 1% and 4%, in particular between 2% and 3%, when switching.
6. Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator (10,20,40) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche mit einer Überbrückungsschaltung zur Stromaufnahme bei der Umschaltung, wobei die Überbrückungs- Schaltung eine weitere Schalteinrichtung (32, 33) umfasst sowie einen Strombegrenzungswiderstand (35, 36) . 6. Controllable local power transformer (10,20,40) according to one of the preceding claims with a bypass circuit for current consumption during the switching, wherein the bypass circuit comprises a further switching device (32, 33) and a current limiting resistor (35, 36).
7. Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator (10,20,40) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche mit einer Steuerung (15), die ausge- staltet ist, einen Zeitpunkt des Stromnulldurchgangs für eine zu schaltende Phase zu ermitteln, einen Schalter (27...31) für diese Phase in einem zeitlichen Abstand von weniger als 2 ms vor dem Stromnulldurchgang zu öffnen und einen weiteren 7. A controllable local power transformer (10, 20, 40) according to one of the preceding claims, having a controller (15) which is designed to determine a time of current zero crossing for a phase to be switched, a switch (27 ... 31) for this phase at a time interval of less than 2 ms before the current zero crossing to open and another
Schalter (27...31) für diese Phase in einem zeitlichen Abstand von weniger als 2 ms nach dem Stromnulldurchgang zu schließen . Close switch (27 ... 31) for this phase at a time interval of less than 2 ms after the current zero crossing.
8. Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator (10,20,40) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei der der erste Laststufenschalter (17) genau zwei Schalter pro Phase umfasst. 8. A controllable local power transformer (10,20,40) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first on-load tap-changer (17) comprises exactly two switches per phase.
9. Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator (10,20,40) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei der der erste Laststufenschalter (17) genau einen Wechselschalter (48) pro Phase umfasst. A variable local power transformer (10, 20, 40) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first on-load tap changer (17) comprises exactly one changeover switch (48) per phase.
10. Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator (10,20,40) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei der der zweite Laststufenschalter (16) genau einen Wechselschalter (47) pro Phase umfasst . 10. Controllable local power transformer (10,20,40) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second on-load tap-changer (16) comprises exactly one changeover switch (47) per phase.
EP16797480.7A 2015-12-15 2016-11-07 Controllable local network transformer Active EP3365906B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102015225314.7A DE102015225314A1 (en) 2015-12-15 2015-12-15 Adjustable local power transformer
PCT/EP2016/076808 WO2017102174A1 (en) 2015-12-15 2016-11-07 Controllable local network transformer

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EP3742251A1 (en) * 2019-05-24 2020-11-25 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation & Technology, S.L. Wind turbine transformer control
DE102021113821A1 (en) * 2021-05-28 2022-12-01 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPERATING A CONTROL TRANSFORMER
DE102022117587A1 (en) 2022-07-14 2024-01-25 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Method for operating an on-load tap changer and on-load tap changer device

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GB1110314A (en) * 1964-08-31 1968-04-18 Ass Elect Ind Improvements in and relating to on-load tap changing gear
JPS5118609B1 (en) * 1968-03-13 1976-06-11
US3513380A (en) * 1968-06-19 1970-05-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Load tap changing transformer arrangement with constant impedance
DE19743864C1 (en) * 1997-10-04 1999-04-15 Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck Tap changer
EP2166637A1 (en) * 2008-09-19 2010-03-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Power supply arrangement for direct electrical heating of a pipeline system
DE102011108255A1 (en) * 2011-07-22 2013-01-24 ct.e Controltechnology Engineering GmbH Method for adaptive control of the supply voltage in local networks
DE102013109289B8 (en) * 2013-08-27 2017-12-28 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh On-load tap-changer, tap-changer for voltage regulation and method for carrying out a changeover in the tapped transformer

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