EP3364016B1 - Soupape de commutation électromagnétique et pompe haute pression à carburant - Google Patents

Soupape de commutation électromagnétique et pompe haute pression à carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3364016B1
EP3364016B1 EP17156165.7A EP17156165A EP3364016B1 EP 3364016 B1 EP3364016 B1 EP 3364016B1 EP 17156165 A EP17156165 A EP 17156165A EP 3364016 B1 EP3364016 B1 EP 3364016B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pole piece
armature
outer circumference
switching valve
constriction
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EP17156165.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3364016A1 (fr
Inventor
Matthias Bleeck
Bernd Gugel
Andreas Mühlbauer
Henry Meißgeier
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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Priority to EP17156165.7A priority Critical patent/EP3364016B1/fr
Publication of EP3364016A1 publication Critical patent/EP3364016A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/36—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
    • F02M59/366—Valves being actuated electrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/08—Fuel-injection apparatus having special means for influencing magnetic flux, e.g. for shielding or guiding magnetic flux

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic switching valve for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, and to a high-pressure fuel pump which has such an electromagnetic switching valve.
  • High-pressure fuel pumps in fuel injection systems in internal combustion engines are used to apply high pressure to a fuel, the pressure being in the range from 150 bar to 400 bar in gasoline internal combustion engines and in the range from 1500 bar to 2500 bar in diesel internal combustion engines.
  • the higher the pressure that can be generated in the respective fuel the lower the emissions that occur during the combustion of the fuel in a combustion chamber, which is particularly advantageous against the background that there is an increasing desire to reduce emissions.
  • valve arrangements can be provided at various positions along the path that the fuel takes from a tank to the respective combustion chamber, for example as an inlet valve or outlet valve on a high-pressure fuel pump that pressurizes the fuel, but also, for example, as a relief valve at a wide variety of positions of the fuel injection system, for example on a common rail, which stores the pressurized fuel before injection into the combustion chamber.
  • Fast-acting solenoid valves are often used for volume flow and/or pressure control.
  • a return spring keeps a closing element of a valve region of such an electromagnetic switching valve open or closed against a volume flow.
  • the associated actuator area ie the magnetic actuator which opens or closes the closing element, is designed in such a way that the restoring spring can override the actuator force of the magnetic actuator in a specific time in order to switch the switching valve.
  • these switching valves are constructed as a combination of a switching magnet, which operates the magnet actuator, with a hydraulic system, the valve area, switched by this. In operation, two switching states of the hydraulics, an open position and a closed position, are thus achieved.
  • the switching magnet has components that are separated by a force-generating air gap, namely a movable armature and a fixed pole core, which are kept at a distance from one another by the return spring.
  • Activating a solenoid in the shift magnet by applying an electric current creates a magnetic field in a winding of the solenoid.
  • This magnetic field induces a magnetic flux in the surrounding metal components, in particular in the armature and the pole core, so that a magnetic force is built up between the armature and the pole core.
  • a restoring force of the restoring spring is overcome by this magnetic force and the coupled hydraulic system is controlled.
  • the electrical current By removing the electrical current, the magnetic force drops and the restoring force controls the hydraulics to the initial position.
  • the switching valve has been designed in such a way that at the operating point at which there is the maximum air gap between the armature and the pole core and at which there is a balance of forces between the return spring and the magnetic force of the solenoid, the magnetic flux density in the air gap between the armature and the pole core is as high as possible adjusted so that the moving components are stimulated to move as quickly as possible. During the movement process, the moving components are then further accelerated by the magnetic force and the air gap is reduced. In the condition of the minimum air gap, the magnetic force is then at its maximum.
  • the impulse forces depend on the mass of the moving components and their speed. With high impulse forces, the consequence is that high wear can occur between the components and the sound noise during operation is very high. Noises occur with every change in the switching status, both from the solenoid itself and from the hydraulics. At least two components hit each other and thus generate noise.
  • such a switching valve is used as a digital inlet valve on a high-pressure fuel pump in a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine.
  • the switching time of such an intake valve is designed in such a way that it is able to switch quickly even at the highest engine speed of the internal combustion engine.
  • this is contrary to the goal that no significant noise should be generated in another operating state of the internal combustion engine, namely when the engine is idling.
  • the switching valve has been designed for the switching time for the operating point with the highest switching dynamics. Attempts were made to intercept noise and wear for movements that are directed against the switching direction of the switching magnet with brief current pulses to increase the magnetic force. However, it is difficult to soften movements in the switching direction of the switching valve.
  • Electromagnetic switching valves with a magnetic flux concentration area which is formed by a constriction on the outer circumference of the pole piece, are also known from the published patent applications DE 102 56 903 Al and DE 35 44 575 Al known.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an electromagnetic switching valve with an improved switching time and a further reduction in noise.
  • a high-pressure fuel pump that has such an electromagnetic switching valve is the subject of the independent claim.
  • An electromagnetic switching valve for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine has a valve section with a closing element for closing the switching valve and an actuator section for moving the closing element along a movement axis.
  • the actuator portion includes an armature movable along the axis of motion coupled to the closure member for moving the closure member, a fixed pole piece, and a solenoid for generating magnetic flux in the armature and pole piece.
  • the pole piece has a magnetic flux concentration area.
  • the pole piece has a magnetic flux concentration area, that is, an area where the magnetic flux induced by the solenoid is concentrated, a magnetic choke is formed in the pole piece.
  • a magnetic choke is formed in the pole piece.
  • current is normally applied to the solenoid until the closure member begins to move. This is the so-called operating point.
  • the excitation by the solenoid normally increases, since the solenoid continues to be subjected to an increasing current.
  • the magnetic flux in the area of the magnetic choke in the pole piece now becomes magnetically saturated, so that the acceleration of the armature towards the pole piece is limited. This reduces the effective magnetic force in the idle state and, at the same time, the force level during operation.
  • the magnetic flux concentration area is formed by a constriction in a pole piece outer periphery.
  • the solenoid is placed around the pole piece.
  • the constriction is arranged along the movement axis at the level of the solenoid. This means that a particularly good concentration of the magnetic flux generated by the solenoid in the pole piece can be achieved.
  • a constant outer circumference of the armature essentially corresponds to the constant outer circumference of the pole piece, ie the larger outer circumference of the pole piece in the area in which it has no constriction.
  • the outer circumference of the armature has a step, at which the outer circumference of the armature merges into a reduced outer circumference of the armature.
  • the armature is also reduced in its outer circumference in a region, namely at an end region of the armature which is directly adjacent to the pole piece.
  • a concentration of magnetic flux can also be achieved in the armature, which leads to an improved switching time of the switching valve.
  • This also reduces the mass of the armature, which reduces the mechanical impulse when the armature impacts the pole piece.
  • the armature and pole piece are located adjacent to each other.
  • the constriction is advantageously arranged in a half of the pole piece that faces the armature.
  • the constriction is particularly advantageously at least 1/5 of the total length of the pole piece along the axis of movement.
  • the pole piece outside of the constriction on a constant pole piece outer circumference wherein the Pole piece outer circumference is reduced by at least 1/4 in the area of the constriction compared to the constant area.
  • the constriction is arranged at a defined height in the pole piece and with a defined diameter and a defined length in order to be able to achieve a defined magnetic flux concentration in the pole piece.
  • the constriction has the following effects: The constriction not only achieves a magnetic flux concentration in the pole piece, but also reduces the overall mass of the pole piece. In addition, the desired magnetic force is reached faster than before, which is accompanied by a reduction in the switching time of the switching valve. At the same time, the armature is not accelerated so much during the movement phase, although the speed still corresponds to that previously known. Overall, the total switching time is reduced and thus improved.
  • a return spring is preferably arranged between the armature and the pole piece and is supported in a spring recess in the pole piece.
  • the spring recess is defined by side walls of a through hole in the pole piece and by support walls on which the return spring is supported. The constriction is advantageously arranged along the movement axis at the level of this spring recess.
  • this constriction is arranged completely at the height of the spring recess and does not protrude beyond it. Nevertheless, it is advantageous if the constriction on the pole piece is not at one end region, but from both sides of Areas is limited that have the constant and thus larger pole piece outer circumference.
  • the reduced outer circumference of the armature is advantageously at most 3/4 of the constant outer circumference of the armature.
  • the reduced outer circumference of the armature along the movement axis is essentially half of the overall length of the armature.
  • a defined magnetic flux concentration and thus a defined magnetic choke is also formed in the armature, which can interact with the magnetic choke of the pole piece.
  • a high-pressure fuel pump for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine advantageously has an electromagnetic switching valve as described above.
  • the switching valve can be formed, for example, as an inlet valve for the high-pressure fuel pump or as an outlet valve. However, it is also possible to provide the switching valve described as a pressure control valve which is arranged, for example, on a common rail of a fuel injection system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of a fuel injection system 10 of an internal combustion engine, which delivers fuel 12 from a tank 14 via a presupply pump 16, a high-pressure fuel pump 18 and a high-pressure fuel accumulator 20 to injectors 22, which then inject the fuel 12 into combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel 12 is introduced into the high-pressure fuel pump 18 via an inlet valve 24, is pressurized and released from the high-pressure fuel pump 18 via an outlet valve 26, and then fed to the high-pressure fuel accumulator 20 .
  • a pressure control valve 28 is arranged on the high-pressure fuel accumulator 20 in order to be able to control the pressure of the fuel 12 in the high-pressure fuel accumulator 20 .
  • Both the inlet valve 24 and the outlet valve 26 as well as the pressure control valve 28 can be designed as electromagnetic switching valves 30 and can therefore be actively operated.
  • FIG 2 shows a first embodiment, which is not covered by the claimed invention, of such an electromagnetic switching valve 30 in a longitudinal section through the electromagnetic switching valve 30, which is designed as an inlet valve 24 of a high-pressure fuel pump 18.
  • the electromagnetic switching valve 30 is arranged in a housing bore 32 of a housing 34 of the high-pressure fuel pump 18 .
  • the electromagnetic switching valve 30 has a valve area 36 and an actuator area 38 , the actuator area 38 having a stationary pole piece 40 and an armature 44 movable along a movement axis 42 .
  • the valve portion 36 includes a valve seat 46 and a closure member 48 which cooperate to close the electromagnetic switching valve 30.
  • the pole piece 40 and the armature 44 are housed together in a sleeve 50, although this need not necessarily be the case.
  • a solenoid 52 is slid onto the sleeve 50 and is thus located around the pole piece 40 and the armature 44 in the electromagnetic switching valve 30.
  • the armature 44 and pole piece 40 are positioned directly adjacent one another such that an armature surface 54 and a pole piece surface 56 are directly opposite each other.
  • a return spring 58 is positioned between the armature 44 and pole piece 40 to space the armature 44 and pole piece 40 and thereby create an air gap 60 .
  • the armature 44 is coupled to an actuation pin 62 which, in use, moves with the armature 44 along the axis of motion 42 .
  • the actuating pin 62 pushes the closing element 48 away from the valve seat 46 or has no contact with the closing element 48, so that when a force acts from the opposite side, it presses on the valve seat 46 to move and thus the switching valve 30 can close.
  • the solenoid 42 In the energized state of the electromagnetic switching valve 30, the solenoid 42 generates a magnetic field in the electromagnetic switching valve 30 3 is represented by magnetic field lines 64 .
  • the magnetic flux of the magnetic field lines 64 is arranged in all metallic/magnetic elements directly adjacent to the solenoid 52, in particular in the pole piece 40 and in the armature 44. This creates a magnetic attraction force between the pole piece 40 and the armature 44, and the Armature 44 is drawn with its armature face 54 toward pole piece face 56 of pole piece 40 .
  • the armature 44 takes the actuating pin 62 with it so that it loses contact with the closing element 48 and the closing element 48 can thus return to the valve seat 46 . Because armature 44 moves toward pole piece 40 when solenoid 52 is energized, air gap 60 is minimal when energized.
  • the restoring spring 58 presses the armature 44 away from the pole piece 40 again, since a restoring force of the restoring spring 58 acts against the magnetic force.
  • the air gap 60 is at its maximum and the actuating pin 62 is pressed onto the closing element 48 again, so that the closing element 48 is lifted off the valve seat 46 and the electromagnetic switching valve 30 opens.
  • the armature 44 has a magnetic flux concentration region 66, i.e. a region in which the magnetic field lines are guided through the armature 44 in a reduced cross-sectional area, so that they must be concentrated .
  • the magnetic flux concentration area 66 is formed in that an armature outer circumference U A has a step 68, so that a first armature outer circumference U A1 and a second armature outer circumference U A2 form, which are different from one another, with the first armature outer circumference U A1 being smaller than the second Anchor outer circumference UA2.
  • the armature 44 has the first armature outer circumference U A1 in the region where the armature 44 is associated directly adjacent to the pole piece 40, i.e. at its upper end region 70.
  • the first outer circumference of the armature U A1 is a maximum of 3/4 of the second outer circumference of the armature U A2 .
  • a length of first armature outer circumference U A1 along the movement axis 42 is essentially half of an overall length L A of the armature 44.
  • This arrangement of the reduced first armature outer circumference U A1 can produce a targeted magnetic choke in the armature 44 in order to achieve the advantages described above.
  • the course of the magnetic field lines 64 is in 3 shown, where it can be seen that the magnetic field lines 64 are concentrated in the area in which the armature outer circumference U A is reduced, so that the magnetic flux is concentrated here overall.
  • Out of 2 11 further shows that the armature surface 54, which faces the pole piece 40, at the upper end portion 70 is smaller than the pole piece surface 56, which faces the armature 44.
  • FIG. The armature surface 54 makes up approximately half of the pole piece surface 56 .
  • the two opposing surfaces namely the armature surface 54 and the pole piece surface 56, are the surfaces which generate the magnetic force between the armature 44 and the pole piece 40.
  • FIG 4 and figure 5 show a second embodiment, which is not covered by the claimed invention, of the electromagnetic switching valve 30, in which the magnetic throttle by providing the magnetic flux concentration region 66 not in the armature 44 as in the first embodiment but in the pole piece 40.
  • both the armature 44 and the pole piece 40 each form a magnetic flux concentration area 66 and thus a magnetic choke.
  • the magnetic flux concentration area 66 in the second embodiment which is not covered by the claimed invention, is formed by a constriction 72 in the pole piece 4C, so that a pole piece outer circumference Up, which is otherwise constant over the movement axis 42, is reduced in the area of the constriction 72 .
  • the constriction 72 is located in a half 74 of the pole piece 40 which faces the armature 44, not at an end portion as in the armature 44 in the first embodiment not covered by the claimed invention, but toward a pole piece end portion 76 apart. This allows the maximum magnetic force from pole piece 40 to act on armature 44 where pole piece face 56 is adjacent armature face 54 to pull armature 44 toward pole piece 40 .
  • the constriction 72 has a length that is at least 1/5 of a length Lp of the pole piece 40 along the axis of motion 42 .
  • the pole piece outer circumference Up is reduced in the area of the constriction 72 by at least 1/4 compared to the constant pole piece outer circumference Up outside the constriction 72 .
  • return spring 58 is positioned to bear within pole piece 40.
  • FIG. The pole piece 40 a through bore 78 which widens in a lower pole piece end region 78 which faces the armature 44 to form a spring recess 82 .
  • the spring recess 82 is defined by side walls 84 of the through hole 78 and by support walls 68 formed by the widening of the through hole 78 in the pole piece end area 78 .
  • the restoring spring 58 is then supported on these supporting walls 68 .
  • the constriction 72 is formed along the movement axis 42 at the level of the spring recess 82, in particular in such a way that it does not protrude beyond the spring recess 82.
  • the magnetic flux concentration can be achieved in particular in the area of the return spring 58, ie there where the restoring force of the return spring 58 also acts.
  • constriction 72 is advantageously also located at the level of the solenoid 52 along the movement axis 42 .
  • FIG 5 the course of the magnetic field lines 64 in the pole piece 40 is shown, it being seen that the magnetic field lines 64 are concentrated in the area of the constriction 72, and a magnetic flux concentration can thus be generated in the pole piece 40.
  • the magnetic choke produced in the armature 44 in relation to the first embodiment can also be produced in the pole piece 40 .
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the magnetic force or magnetic flux generated by the solenoid 52 in the armature 44 or the pole piece 40 versus the magnetic excitation through the solenoid 52.
  • the dashed lines correspond to the applied magnetic force in a known arrangement in which the armature 44 or pole piece 40 does not have a magnetic flux concentration area 66.
  • the solid lines show the magnetic force that acts when the armature 44 or the pole piece 40 is designed with magnetic flux concentration.
  • the horizontal line in the diagram indicates the magnetic force to be generated by the solenoid 52, which is necessary to override the restoring force of the restoring spring 58 so that the armature 44 starts moving.
  • the diagram therefore shows a sub-range of a hysteresis that occurs when switching valve 30 is in operation.
  • the magnetic force is reduced by the magnetic choke, but this can be compensated for by appropriate winding parameters in the solenoid 52 if the need arises. It would also be possible to readjust this via the electrical resistance that affects the current in the solenoids 52.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Soupape de commutation électromagnétique (30) destinée à un système d'injection de carburant (10) d'un moteur à combustion interne, présentant :
    - une zone de soupape (36) dotée d'un élément de fermeture (48) permettant de fermer la soupape de commutation (30) ; et
    une zone d'actionneur (38) permettant de déplacer l'élément de fermeture (48) le long d'un axe de déplacement (42) ;
    la zone d'actionneur (38) présentant un induit (44) mobile le long de l'axe de déplacement (42) et qui est couplé avec l'élément de fermeture (48) pour déplacer l'élément de fermeture (48), une pièce polaire fixe (40) et un solénoïde (52) pour générer un flux magnétique dans l'induit (44) et la pièce polaire (40), la pièce polaire (40) présentant une zone de concentration de flux magnétique (66) dans laquelle un flux magnétique peut être saturé, la zone de concentration de flux magnétique (66) étant formée par un rétrécissement (72) dans une circonférence extérieure de pièce polaire (UP), le solénoïde (52) étant disposé autour de la pièce polaire (40), le rétrécissement (72) étant disposé le long de l'axe de déplacement (42) à la hauteur du solénoïde (52), une circonférence extérieure d'induit constante (UA) correspondant substantiellement à la circonférence extérieure de pièce polaire constante (Up),
    caractérisée en ce que la circonférence extérieure d'induit (UA) présente dans la zone d'induit directement adjacente à la pièce polaire (40) un palier (68) où la circonférence extérieure d'induit (UA2) passe à une circonférence extérieure d'induit réduite (UA1).
  2. Soupape de commutation électromagnétique (30) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'induit (44) et la pièce polaire (40) sont disposés de manière adjacente l'un à l'autre, le rétrécissement (72) étant disposé dans une moitié (74) de la pièce polaire (40), tournée vers l'induit (44), le rétrécissement (72) étant en particulier au moins 1/5 d'une longueur totale (LP) de la pièce polaire (40) le long de l'axe de déplacement (42).
  3. Soupape de commutation électromagnétique (30) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la pièce polaire (40) présente en dehors du rétrécissement (72) une circonférence extérieure de pièce polaire constante (UP), la circonférence extérieure de pièce polaire (UP) étant réduite d'au moins 1/4 au niveau du rétrécissement (72) .
  4. Soupape de commutation électromagnétique (30) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce qu'entre l'induit (44) et la pièce polaire (40), un ressort de rappel (58) est disposé qui prend appui dans la pièce polaire (40) dans un creux pour ressort (82), le creux pour ressort (82) étant défini par des parois latérales (84) d'un perçage traversant (78) dans la pièce polaire (40) et par des parois d'appui (86) sur lesquelles le ressort de rappel (58) prend appui, le rétrécissement (72) étant disposé le long de l'axe de déplacement (42) à la hauteur du creux pour ressort (82).
  5. Soupape de commutation électromagnétique (30) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la circonférence extérieure d'induit réduite (UA1) est au maximum 3/4 de la circonférence extérieure d'induit constante (UA2).
  6. Soupape de commutation électromagnétique (30) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la circonférence extérieure d'induit réduite (UA1) est le long de l'axe de déplacement (42) substantiellement la moitié (74) d'une longueur totale (LA) de l'induit (44).
  7. Pompe à carburant haute pression (18) destinée à un système d'injection de carburant (10) d'un moteur à combustion interne, présentant une soupape de commutation électromagnétique (30) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.
EP17156165.7A 2017-02-15 2017-02-15 Soupape de commutation électromagnétique et pompe haute pression à carburant Active EP3364016B1 (fr)

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EP17156165.7A EP3364016B1 (fr) 2017-02-15 2017-02-15 Soupape de commutation électromagnétique et pompe haute pression à carburant

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EP17156165.7A EP3364016B1 (fr) 2017-02-15 2017-02-15 Soupape de commutation électromagnétique et pompe haute pression à carburant

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EP3364016A1 EP3364016A1 (fr) 2018-08-22
EP3364016B1 true EP3364016B1 (fr) 2022-04-06

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Family Cites Families (4)

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JPH0656140B2 (ja) * 1984-12-26 1994-07-27 日本電装株式会社 電磁式燃料噴射弁
JP2003343384A (ja) * 2002-05-22 2003-12-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 高圧燃料供給装置
JP3945357B2 (ja) * 2002-09-18 2007-07-18 株式会社デンソー 燃料噴射装置
JP2007205234A (ja) * 2006-02-01 2007-08-16 Denso Corp 燃料噴射弁

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