EP3337291A1 - Heating device, cooking appliance with a heating unit, and method for making a heating element - Google Patents
Heating device, cooking appliance with a heating unit, and method for making a heating element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3337291A1 EP3337291A1 EP17207786.9A EP17207786A EP3337291A1 EP 3337291 A1 EP3337291 A1 EP 3337291A1 EP 17207786 A EP17207786 A EP 17207786A EP 3337291 A1 EP3337291 A1 EP 3337291A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- heating
- grid
- heating device
- fabric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 205
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
- H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGESÂ ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F24C15/00—Details
- F24C15/10—Tops, e.g. hot plates; Rings
- F24C15/102—Tops, e.g. hot plates; Rings electrically heated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGESÂ ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
- F24C7/06—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating elements
- F24C7/062—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating elements on stoves
- F24C7/065—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating elements on stoves with reflectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/688—Fabrication of the plates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
- H05B1/0227—Applications
- H05B1/0252—Domestic applications
- H05B1/0258—For cooking
- H05B1/0261—For cooking of food
- H05B1/0266—Cooktops
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/007—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple electrically connected resistive elements or resistive zones
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
- H05B2203/015—Heater wherein the heating element is interwoven with the textile
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heating device with a flat heating element and a holding device for this heating element. Furthermore, the invention relates to a cooking appliance with such a heating device and a method for producing such a heating element, in particular for such a heating device.
- the invention has for its object to provide a heating device mentioned above, a cooking appliance mentioned above and a method for producing a heating element with which problems of the prior art can be achieved and it is in particular possible, heating elements for advantageously usable heaters reliable and inexpensive manufacture and install.
- the heating device has a planar heating element and a holding device for the heating element.
- the heating element is held along an outer edge or its outer edge on the holding device. With at least 70% of its area, it runs freely between the holding device or within the holding device, advantageously with at least 85%. This means that on this surface portion neither on an upper side nor on an underside of the heating element attack or support holding devices or other holding means. As a result, a very good surface radiation of the heating power of the heating element is possible.
- the heating element is a grid or a fabric which consists at least partially of heating conductor material or has heating conductor material.
- a grid or fabric consist of thin heating element sections, for example of wires or filaments, with intermediate surfaces or free surfaces in between.
- the heating element sections in turn can either themselves consist of heating conductor material or be at least partially coated with such, for example only on a side facing in one direction. Alternatively, they can also be coated all around or completely with heat conductor material or be sheathed.
- a heating element can have a large number of intermediate surfaces between said heating element sections or between the wires or threads.
- the intermediate surfaces can advantageously have a larger surface portion of the entire heating element than its heating element sections or wires.
- Such a grid can also be punched out or etched out of a flat material, so that, as it were, a lattice shape remains.
- the total area of the intermediate surfaces can be greater than the total area of the wires or threads.
- it is 35% to 90% of the total area of the heating element, particularly advantageously 60% to 80%.
- a heating element in the form of a woven fabric which may be woven either from wires or from threads or from a mixture thereof
- the intermediate surfaces may be relatively small. Then, the total area of the interfaces or the free areas is smaller than the total area of the wires or filaments.
- it is 5% to 40% of the total area of the heating element, particularly advantageously 10% to 30%.
- the heating element is held at least at a plurality of holding points of the holding device.
- Such breakpoints can advantageously along a Stop line run, in particular, the breakpoints are provided throughout as a stop line or more stop lines.
- a planar reflector is provided for the heating element.
- a reflector can be held particularly advantageous on the holding device under the heating element. It may be metallic, for example as a polished metal surface or the like, to reflect as well as possible the downwardly radiated heating energy upwards in the heating direction or in the direction of an aforementioned cooktop panel.
- the reflector can be flat, curved or structured.
- the holding device is formed circumferentially or closed.
- This may be a kind of ring, advantageously with the aforementioned stop line or the amount of holding points for the heating element thereto, which correspond to its outer contour.
- the shape of the heater can be basically arbitrary, for example, be round.
- it is rectangular or at least in the form of a parallelogram.
- a current may flow from one side of the parallelogram to the opposite side.
- the holding device limits a lateral or lateral extent of the heating device.
- the heating element is arranged and extends in terms of area, advantageously closed. This means that the heating element runs only within the holding device.
- the holding device can advantageously also simultaneously form a thermal insulation, as per se of radiant heaters and also the aforementioned DE 19638640 A1 is known.
- An electrical contact to the heating element can also extend along the holding device or at least along the holding device or be integrated therein.
- the heating element may have two connection contacts on opposite outer sides or outer edges.
- the terminal contacts may be formed as contact strips, for example as thin metal strips.
- the contact strips may be attached to outer edges and thereby also an electrical contact to produce the heating conductor material. They can be folded around the outer edges for attachment and thus enclose the outer edges between them or be welded to edge strips along the outer sides, advantageously both.
- a central holder is provided for mounting in this central region.
- a linear holder may also be provided on such a central holder. This runs in particular in a rectangular or parallelogram-shaped heating element along a middle straight, so that the flat heating element is held or supported evenly.
- Such a central holder may be connected to the other holding device, for example with its lower end. Thus, a kind of common pad can be provided.
- a mechanical stabilization of the heating element can be effected in that the heating element is structured or deformed three-dimensionally perpendicular or perpendicular and parallel to the opposite outer edges or contact strips.
- the heating element can for example be given a corrugated, sinusoidal or sawtooth-shaped structure. Alternatively, it may have trench-shaped or crater-shaped stabilizing indentations which are not directed or have no alignment as mentioned above. Corresponding measures for the stabilization of free surfaces are of sheet metal or the like. known.
- the holding device particularly advantageously also a prescribed central holder, arranged on a thermal insulation pad.
- the heating element has an aforementioned shape of a grid or of a fabric, then it may advantageously consist of elongate heating element sections which intersect or are brought together in different directions.
- a fabric is usually made of warp threads and weft threads.
- only one of the two types of filaments is advantageously electrically conductive for the heating element function or has heating conductor material or consists of heating conductor material.
- the other thread then consists of an electric insulating material and can exert mainly a mechanical supporting effect.
- ceramic fibers, basalt fibers or carbon fibers are suitable.
- Such wires could also consist of a suitable metal and at least for the heating element function and be electrically conductive and fulfill the heating element function.
- Metal alloys of, for example, nickel and chromium or iron, chromium and aluminum are used here.
- wires in one direction could also be combined with threads in the other direction.
- the wires can advantageously consist of heating conductor material or have such a feature for the heating element function.
- a heating element may have the form of a grid and have substantially rectangular extending grid sections.
- a grid may consist of quasi-intersecting Schumacherelementabitesen, but which are made in one piece, for example by punching out of a corresponding foil or a thin Schuleitermaterial. Then, such a heating element can be made in one piece and in one piece.
- the heating element heating element sections and intervening openings have as intermediate surfaces.
- the area fraction of the perforations or intermediate surfaces is advantageously greater than the area fraction of the heating element sections, particularly advantageously by a factor of 2 to 20, in particular by a factor of 5 to 10. If a heating element consists of an aforementioned tissue, then a significantly smaller factor is advantageous
- the area fraction of the intermediate surfaces may be smaller than the area component of the heating element sections.
- the heating element advantageously to electrically conductive Schumacherabroughen, at least partially coated with a catalytically active material.
- a catalytically active material the entire heating element or some Schumacherabitese or some of the individual threads or wires may indeed consist entirely of such a catalytically active material.
- a possible cooking appliance according to the invention may be a hob with a hob plate.
- At least one heating device described above is arranged below the hob plate, advantageously several.
- a heater can be used in principle as a radiation heater known per se and also operated.
- the cooktop panel for thermal radiation should be as permeable as possible, for example, consist of glass ceramic, as is common practice.
- the holding device presses the heating element as flat as possible to the underside of the hob plate, which should then be electrically insulating and, for example, may also consist of glass ceramic.
- the heater or the heating element can work as contact heating and be operated for example with low voltage, ie 50 V AC or 120 V DC.
- the heating element is operated in a temperature range of a few 100 ° C, advantageously 200 ° C to 500 ° C, but below the more than 1,000 ° C, where usually radiant heaters work.
- An alternative cooking appliance according to the invention may be an oven with a baking oven muffle. At or in this oven muffle at least one prescribed heating device is arranged.
- a heating device according to the invention may be arranged as a bottom heat radiator in the oven and to be mounted below a bottom of the baking oven muffle, as is known per se from the prior art.
- tubular heaters are used in the prior art.
- Another possibility is a use as a top heat radiator in the oven muffle.
- Such a top heat radiator is usually mounted freely running on the underside of the ceiling of the oven muffle and can also be operated as a grill by glows with temperatures of about 700 ° C and thus generates radiant heat for grilling in the oven muffle.
- the heater should also be suitable for use as a grill.
- a heating element provided therewith may then be provided on or in the oven muffle, so that it comes into contact with the air in the baking oven muffle and can catalytically clean it by catalytic combustion of impurities or interfering particles contained therein.
- a heating element can be arranged on a fan of a hot-air baking oven, where a ring-shaped tubular heater is normally used in a hot-air baking oven.
- An advantageous method for producing a heating element provides that a grid or fabric is produced, as has been described above. It has heating element sections and a heating element function and has a planar design. It can be woven as a fabric with corresponding warp threads and weft threads or warp wires and weft wires. Such a material can either already be produced in strip form with a width which is subsequently also desired for the heating element or the heating device. Alternatively, it can be made as a larger surface and a strip cut out of it. As an alternative to such a production, a corresponding grid of a heating element made of heating conductor material can be punched, etched or laser cut.
- a contact strip of electrically conductive strip material is attached to a strip of the desired width of the heating element in a continuous process at its two opposite outer edges.
- electrically conductive strip material may be, for example, a thin sheet of electrically conductive material.
- the contact strips with the strip from the grid or the fabric mechanically and electrically connected as a composite is advantageously done by welding. Particularly advantageously, this joining takes place in a continuous process, wherein both the said strip of the heating element and the strip material for the contact strips can be present in great length and, for example, on drums or the like. can be wound up, from which it is then wound up.
- Such contact strips not only serve for uniform and secure electrical contact, but can also give a certain mechanical strength. Although this does not necessarily replace the aforementioned holding device, even if this would be possible. This also facilitates handling of the heating element when assembling a heating device.
- a heating element is cut as a composite in a certain length by the elongated strips. This heating element is then installed just in the manner described above in a heater.
- solid or strand-like electrical connection cables are attached to each contact strip. This is advantageously done by welding. Possibly also plug contacts can be attached directly or welded, in particular plug contact flags. So electrical connection cables can be easily plugged.
- a fabric 10 which consists of warp threads and weft threads 14. Both threads are each not completely straight running formed here, resulting in a good structural cohesion of the fabric 10.
- the warp threads 13 are made of Schuleitermaterial, for example, from the aforementioned alloys with nickel and chromium or with iron, chromium and aluminum.
- the warp threads 13 are formed as fine wires.
- weft threads 14 can also have a heating element function, they are advantageously electrically insulating and, above all, provided for the support or mechanical strength of the fabric 10. They consist of electrically insulating and correspondingly mechanically strong and above all temperature-resistant material, it is advantageous according to the maximum temperature and the scope of a heating element ceramic fibers, basalt fibers, carbon fibers or aramid fibers. It is particularly advantageous multifilaments.
- a thickness or a diameter of the warp threads and / or the weft threads may be dimensioned according to the application, for example between 0.05 mm and 1 mm, advantageously between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm.
- the Fig. 2 shows by way of example a possible embodiment of a heating device 20 according to the invention with a finished heating element 11, in which a fabric 10 is processed, as will be explained below.
- the flat heating element 11 is arranged on an outwardly extending, preferably rectangular retaining edge, advantageously clamped or inserted into slots and held therein.
- the retaining edge 21 may, as well as a central holder 23 in the middle for the heating element 11, consist of appropriately temperature-resistant and good heat-insulating material, such as pressed vermiculite or similar material, as it is commonly used for radiant heaters in hobs.
- the retaining edge 21 and the central holder 23 are supported on an insulating substrate 24, which consists of the same material.
- the parts can even be made at least partially in one piece with one another.
- a reflector 26 which may also be held by the central holder 23 and the retaining edge 21. It may be flat or slightly curved by means of a sag to possibly achieve a better reflection effect.
- the heating device 20 is installed as heating in an inventive hob 30, as in the Fig. 2 is shown.
- the hob 30 has a hob plate 32, under which or pressed against the underside of the heater 20 is arranged.
- the heat generated by the heater 20 and the heating element 11 is radiated upward through the cooktop plate 32 in a pot placed thereon.
- this essentially corresponds to an analogous replacement of an example of the aforementioned radiant heater and therefore need not be explained in detail.
- a finished heating element 11 according to the invention is produced.
- the fabric 10 is cut into elongated strips or is present in such and is inserted into the device 34.
- the electrically insulating weft threads run in the direction of passage and the warp threads with the heating element function in a direction transverse thereto.
- Partially folded contact strips 15a and 15b may then be brought to the outer sides and folded over one another by means of folding means, not shown, wherein the side edges of the fabric 10 are folded into the folded contact strips 15a and 15b.
- the overlap here can be between 2 mm and 20 mm, advantageously 5 mm to 15 mm.
- a seam seam welder 17a is provided on the left and a seam seam welder 17b is provided on the right. These weld the fabric 10 or the metal existing warp threads 13 with the contact strips 15a and 15b, and they may also take over the crimping under certain circumstances. By welding takes place on the one hand a secure and stabilizing mechanical connection, on the other hand, an electrical connection is made.
- the finished desired heating elements 11 are cut in the appropriate length by means of a cutter 18.
- the warp threads with the heating element function run from one contact strip 15a to the other contact strip 15b.
- electrical connections 27 can be attached to the contact strips 15a and 15b, for example as short connecting wires. For this they can be welded on. Alternatively, solid contact plugs could be attached or welded as contact shoes or tabs.
- the heating element 11 according to the Fig. 3 has a rectangular shape, for example, a square shape. Basically, a form of a parallelogram would be possible, but practical applications are rare.
- the Fig. 4 shows by way of example a further possible embodiment of a heating element 11 'according to the invention similar to that which according to FIG. Fig. 3 is obtained.
- a corrugated or trench-like structure is introduced into the heating element 11 'or into the fabric 10' from warp threads 13 'and weft threads 14' and in particular into the lateral contact strips 15a 'and 15b'. This serves to stabilize the heating element 11 'as a whole, in particular of the fabric 10'.
- oblique or longitudinal trenches or similar structures could also be introduced, for example also crossed structures in the manner of a known diamond pattern.
- trenches 10 there could be more and narrower trenches, resulting in an aforementioned wavy structure.
- the trenches 10 'could also be modified so that they are quasi pointed shaped or bent as a kind of the aforementioned sawtooth.
- the structures could be introduced in both directions, for example alternately.
- FIG. 5 an embodiment of a further heating element 111 is shown in plan view, which is designed as a grid or is lattice-like.
- a centrally arranged grid structure 110 replaces the fabric 10 of the so to speak Fig. 1 and 3 ,
- a strip of corresponding width, as well as the fabric 10, as previously described, is clinched, welded and thus mechanically and electrically bonded between two contact strips 115a and 115b.
- the grid 110 has been made here by etching from thin foil of a Schuleitermaterials. Alternatively, it could be punched or lasered. Again, the flow of current from one contact strip 115a to the other contact strip 115b.
- the pattern of the structure in the direction of the longitudinal direction of the contact strips 115 is advantageously regular, which may be particularly advantageous in general for a heating element according to the invention.
- a further embodiment of a heating element 211 is shown according to the invention.
- This is also formed like a grid, but with a different grid than according to the Fig. 5 , Elongated heating element sections are designed in the manner of shafts, which are connected to one another by webs.
- the production of such a grid 210 is advantageously carried out as previously for the grid 110 of Fig. 5 described.
- this grid 210 is also folded in the manner described in two contact strips 215a and 215b for mechanical and electrical connection.
- Fig. 7 is a modification of the depiction of Fig. 2 shown with a heater 320 which is permanently tensioned in a special way.
- a holding edge 321 extends from the left edge of the heating element 311, an electrical connection 327 down, which also causes an attachment, possibly in addition to a holder on the retaining edge 321.
- an electrical connection 327 down In the right area also runs an electrical connection 327 down.
- a tension weight 329 is arranged, which pulls the right terminal 327 down so to speak.
- a spring 328 arranged to the left of the connection 327, a certain mechanical tension is additionally generated as a pull which pulls the heating element 311 as smoothly as possible.
- the most planar and planar shape of the heating element 311 can be achieved.
- an oven 36 is shown with an oven muffle 37 and a oven door 38.
- a heating element 11 is provided in one piece as a bottom heat radiator below the oven muffle 37, below a glass ceramic plate 39, which in turn is particularly permeable for heat radiation as in the hob 30 of Fig. 2 ,
- the exact holding device for the heating element 11 is not shown here, but may, for example, accordingly of the Fig. 1 or 7 be. It can also be seen that this lower heating element 11 can be relatively large.
- the top heat radiator is provided, for example by the combination of two narrow heating elements 11.
- Both the radiator for the top heat and for the bottom heat can be made in one piece or consist of an array of rectangular heating elements that have the same or different side and length dimensions. So it is possible to adjust for a uniform heating or browning of cooking, roasting or grilling both the top heat and the bottom heat partially different.
- a hot air function shown in the Fig. 8 is off for the oven 36 Fig. 8 , just for the sake of clarity, separated, a hot air function shown.
- a fan 41 provided for this purpose is arranged in the rear region of the oven muffle 37.
- a heating element 11 is arranged, which heats the blown through or through the air conveyed for the hot air function of the oven 36.
- the heating element 11 may be here at least partially coated with a catalytically active material, advantageously completely coated.
- a holding device for the heating element 11 is not shown in detail, but easily imaginable. So again, especially the two contact strips 15 on the sides are to attach the heating element 11.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Eine Heizeinrichtung weist ein flächiges Heizelement und eine Halteeinrichtung für das Heizelement auf, wobei das Heizelement entlang eines Außenrandes an der Halteeinrichtung gehalten ist und mit mindestens 70% seiner Fläche innerhalb der Halteeinrichtung frei verläuft. Das Heizelement weist ein Gewebe auf, das zumindest teilweise Heizleitermaterial aufweist. So können Kett-Fäden vorteilhaft aus elektrisch leitfähigem Heizleitermaterial bestehen, und Schuss-Fäden aus Kohlefaser oder Keramikfasern bestehen. Das Heizelement kann mittig unterstützt sein oder mit einer Strukturierung über seine Fläche versehen sein, die es stabilisiert, beispielsweise gewellt sein.A heating device has a planar heating element and a holding device for the heating element, wherein the heating element is held along an outer edge on the holding device and extends freely with at least 70% of its surface within the holding device. The heating element has a tissue which at least partially has heating conductor material. Thus, warp threads can advantageously consist of electrically conductive heating conductor material, and weft threads consist of carbon fiber or ceramic fibers. The heating element may be centrally supported or provided with a structuring over its surface, which stabilizes it, for example, be wavy.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Heizeinrichtung mit einem flächigen Heizelement und einer Halteeinrichtung für dieses Heizelement. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Kochgerät mit einer solchen Heizeinrichtung sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Heizelements, insbesondere für eine solche Heizeinrichtung.The invention relates to a heating device with a flat heating element and a holding device for this heating element. Furthermore, the invention relates to a cooking appliance with such a heating device and a method for producing such a heating element, in particular for such a heating device.
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine eingangs genannte Heizeinrichtung, ein eingangs genanntes Kochgerät sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Heizelements zu schaffen, mit denen Probleme des Standes der Technik gelöst werden können und es insbesondere möglich ist, Heizelemente für vorteilhaft verwendbare Heizeinrichtungen zuverlässig und kostengünstig herzustellen und einzubauen.The invention has for its object to provide a heating device mentioned above, a cooking appliance mentioned above and a method for producing a heating element with which problems of the prior art can be achieved and it is in particular possible, heating elements for advantageously usable heaters reliable and inexpensive manufacture and install.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Heizeinrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1, Kochgeräte mit den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 13 oder 14 sowie durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Heizelements mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 17. Vorteilhafte sowie bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der weiteren Ansprüche und werden im Folgenden näher erläutert. Dabei werden manche der Merkmale nur für die Heizeinrichtung, nur für ein Kochgerät oder nur für ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Heizelements beschrieben. Sie sollen jedoch unabhängig davon sowohl für eine Heizeinrichtung und für ein Kochgerät als auch für ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Heizelements selbständig und unabhängig voneinander gelten können. Der Wortlaut der Ansprüche wird durch ausdrückliche Bezugnahme zum Inhalt der Beschreibung gemacht.This object is achieved by a heating device with the features of claim 1, cooking appliances having the features of
Es ist vorgesehen, dass die Heizeinrichtung ein flächiges Heizelement und eine Halteeinrichtung für das Heizelement aufweist. Das Heizelement ist dabei entlang eines Außenrands bzw. seines Außenrands an der Halteeinrichtung gehalten. Mit mindestens 70% seiner Fläche verläuft es frei zwischen der Halteeinrichtung oder innerhalb der Halteeinrichtung, vorteilhaft mit mindestens 85%. Dies bedeutet, dass auf diesem Flächenanteil weder an einer Oberseite noch an einer Unterseite des Heizelements Halteeinrichtungen oder sonstige Haltemittel angreifen oder diese stützen. Dadurch ist eine sehr gute flächige Abstrahlung der Heizleistung des Heizelements möglich.It is provided that the heating device has a planar heating element and a holding device for the heating element. The heating element is held along an outer edge or its outer edge on the holding device. With at least 70% of its area, it runs freely between the holding device or within the holding device, advantageously with at least 85%. This means that on this surface portion neither on an upper side nor on an underside of the heating element attack or support holding devices or other holding means. As a result, a very good surface radiation of the heating power of the heating element is possible.
Erfindungsgemäß ist das Heizelement ein Gitter oder ein Gewebe, das zumindest teilweise aus Heizleitermaterial besteht oder Heizleitermaterial aufweist. Vorteilhaft kann ein solches Gitter oder Gewebe aus dünnen Heizelementabschnitten bestehen, beispielsweise aus Drähten oder Fäden, mit Zwischenflächen oder freien Flächen dazwischen. Die Heizelementabschnitte wiederum können entweder selbst aus Heizleitermaterial bestehen oder mit einem solchen zumindest teilweise beschichtet sein, beispielsweise nur auf einer in eine Richtung weisenden Seite. Alternativ können sie auch ringsum bzw. vollständig mit Heizleitermaterial beschichtet sein bzw. ummantelt sein. Durch die Ausgestaltung als Gitter oder Gewebe kann ein solches Heizelement eine Vielzahl von Zwischenflächen aufweisen zwischen den genannten Heizelementabschnitten bzw. zwischen den Drähten oder Fäden.According to the invention, the heating element is a grid or a fabric which consists at least partially of heating conductor material or has heating conductor material. Advantageously, such a grid or fabric consist of thin heating element sections, for example of wires or filaments, with intermediate surfaces or free surfaces in between. The heating element sections in turn can either themselves consist of heating conductor material or be at least partially coated with such, for example only on a side facing in one direction. Alternatively, they can also be coated all around or completely with heat conductor material or be sheathed. By virtue of the configuration as a grid or fabric, such a heating element can have a large number of intermediate surfaces between said heating element sections or between the wires or threads.
Bei einem Gitter können die Zwischenflächen vorteilhaft einen größeren Flächenanteil des gesamten Heizelements aufweisen als dessen Heizelementabschnitte bzw. Drähte. Ein solches Gitter kann auch aus einem flächigen Material herausgestanzt oder herausgeätzt sein, so dass sozusagen eine Gitterform übrig bleibt. Dabei kann die Gesamtfläche der Zwischenflächen größer als die Gesamtfläche der Drähte oder Fäden sein. Vorteilhaft beträgt sie 35 % bis 90 % der gesamten Fläche des Heizelements, besonders vorteilhaft 60 % bis 80 %.In the case of a grid, the intermediate surfaces can advantageously have a larger surface portion of the entire heating element than its heating element sections or wires. Such a grid can also be punched out or etched out of a flat material, so that, as it were, a lattice shape remains. In this case, the total area of the intermediate surfaces can be greater than the total area of the wires or threads. Advantageously, it is 35% to 90% of the total area of the heating element, particularly advantageously 60% to 80%.
Bei einem Heizelement in Form eines Gewebes, das entweder aus Drähten oder aus Fäden oder aus einer Mischung davon gewebt sein kann, können die Zwischenflächen relativ klein sein. Dann ist die Gesamtfläche der Zwischenflächen oder der freien Flächen kleiner als die Gesamtfläche der Drähte oder Fäden. Vorteilhaft beträgt sie 5 % bis 40 % der gesamten Fläche des Heizelements, besonders vorteilhaft 10 % bis 30 %.In a heating element in the form of a woven fabric, which may be woven either from wires or from threads or from a mixture thereof, the intermediate surfaces may be relatively small. Then, the total area of the interfaces or the free areas is smaller than the total area of the wires or filaments. Advantageously, it is 5% to 40% of the total area of the heating element, particularly advantageously 10% to 30%.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das Heizelement mindestens an mehreren Haltepunkten der Halteeinrichtung gehalten. Derartige Haltepunkte können vorteilhaft entlang einer Haltelinie verlaufen, insbesondere sind die Haltepunkte durchgehend als eine Haltelinie oder mehrere Haltelinien vorgesehen.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heating element is held at least at a plurality of holding points of the holding device. Such breakpoints can advantageously along a Stop line run, in particular, the breakpoints are provided throughout as a stop line or more stop lines.
In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es möglich, dass in einer Richtung weg von einer Heizrichtung des Heizelements, beispielsweise in Richtung hin zu einer Kochfeldplatte eines Kochfelds, vorteilhaft an einer Unterseite der Heizeinrichtung, ein flächiger Reflektor für das Heizelement vorgesehen ist. Ein solcher Reflektor kann besonders vorteilhaft an der Halteeinrichtung gehalten sein unter dem Heizelement. Er kann metallisch ausgebildet sein, beispielsweise als polierte Metallfläche odgl., um möglichst gut die nach unten abgestrahlte Heizenergie nach oben in Heizrichtung bzw. in Richtung hin zu einer vorgenannten Kochfeldplatte zu reflektieren. Der Reflektor kann eben, gewölbt oder strukturiert sein.In an embodiment of the invention, it is possible that in a direction away from a heating direction of the heating element, for example, toward a hob plate of a hob, advantageously on a bottom of the heater, a planar reflector is provided for the heating element. Such a reflector can be held particularly advantageous on the holding device under the heating element. It may be metallic, for example as a polished metal surface or the like, to reflect as well as possible the downwardly radiated heating energy upwards in the heating direction or in the direction of an aforementioned cooktop panel. The reflector can be flat, curved or structured.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Halteeinrichtung umlaufend bzw. geschlossen ausgebildet. Dies kann eine Art Ring sein, vorteilhaft mit der vorgenannten Haltelinie bzw. der Menge von Haltepunkten für das Heizelement daran, die seiner Außenkontur entsprechen. Die Form der Heizeinrichtung kann zwar grundsätzlich beliebig sein, beispielsweise auch rund sein. Vorteilhaft ist sie aber rechteckig oder zumindest in der Form eines Parallelogramms. Dadurch können ein weitgehend konstanter Stromfluss und somit eine weitgehend, vorteilhaft vollständig, gleichmäßige Leistungsdichte innerhalb des flächigen Heizelements erreicht werden. So kann beispielsweise ein Strom von einer Seite des Parallelogramms zur gegenüberliegenden Seite fließen.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the holding device is formed circumferentially or closed. This may be a kind of ring, advantageously with the aforementioned stop line or the amount of holding points for the heating element thereto, which correspond to its outer contour. Although the shape of the heater can be basically arbitrary, for example, be round. Advantageously, however, it is rectangular or at least in the form of a parallelogram. As a result, a largely constant current flow and thus a largely, advantageously complete, uniform power density within the planar heating element can be achieved. For example, a current may flow from one side of the parallelogram to the opposite side.
Vorteilhaft begrenzt die Halteeinrichtung eine seitliche bzw. laterale Ausdehnung der Heizeinrichtung. Innerhalb davon ist das Heizelement angeordnet und verläuft dort flächenmäßig, vorteilhaft geschlossen. Dies bedeutet, dass das Heizelement nur innerhalb der Halteeinrichtung verläuft. So kann die Halteeinrichtung vorteilhaft gleichzeitig auch eine Wärmedämmung bilden, wie dies an sich von Strahlungsheizeinrichtungen und auch der eingangs genannten
Eine elektrische Kontaktierung an das Heizelement kann auch entlang der Halteeinrichtung oder zumindest entlang der Halteeinrichtung verlaufen oder darin integriert sein. Hierfür kann das Heizelement zwei Anschlusskontaktierungen aufweisen an gegenüberliegenden Außenseiten bzw. Außenkanten. Dies ist natürlich erneut wieder besonders leicht und gut durchführbar bei einem Heizelement in rechteckiger Form. Die Anschlusskontaktierungen können als Kontaktstreifen ausgebildet sein, beispielsweise als dünne Metallstreifen. Die Kontaktstreifen können an Außenkanten angebracht sein und dabei auch eine elektrische Kontaktierung zu dem Heizleitermaterial herstellen. Sie können zur Befestigung um die Außenkanten gefalzt sein und so die Außenkanten zwischen sich einschließen oder mit Randstreifen entlang der Außenseiten verschweißt sein, vorteilhaft beides.An electrical contact to the heating element can also extend along the holding device or at least along the holding device or be integrated therein. For this purpose, the heating element may have two connection contacts on opposite outer sides or outer edges. Of course, this is again particularly easy and easy to carry out with a heating element in a rectangular shape. The terminal contacts may be formed as contact strips, for example as thin metal strips. The contact strips may be attached to outer edges and thereby also an electrical contact to produce the heating conductor material. They can be folded around the outer edges for attachment and thus enclose the outer edges between them or be welded to edge strips along the outer sides, advantageously both.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es möglich, dass in einem mittleren Bereich der Heizeinrichtung oder des Heizelements, insbesondere an einem Mittelpunkt, ein Zentral-Halter vorgesehen ist zur Halterung in diesem mittleren Bereich. So kann ein zu starkes Durchhängen eines nicht eigenstabilen Heizelements in dem mittleren Bereich verhindert werden. Alternativ zu einer Halterung an im Wesentlichen einem Punkt kann auch eine linienförmige Halterung an einem solchen Zentral-Halter vorgesehen sein. Diese verläuft insbesondere bei einem rechteckigen oder parallelogrammförmigen Heizelement entlang einer Mittelgeraden, so dass das flächige Heizelement gleichmäßig gehalten bzw. gestützt ist. Ein solcher Zentral-Halter kann mit der sonstigen Halteeinrichtung verbunden sein, beispielsweise mit seinem unteren Ende. So kann eine Art gemeinsame Unterlage vorgesehen sein.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is possible that in a central region of the heating device or the heating element, in particular at a center, a central holder is provided for mounting in this central region. Thus, excessive sagging of a non-intrinsically stable heating element in the central area can be prevented. As an alternative to a holder at substantially one point, a linear holder may also be provided on such a central holder. This runs in particular in a rectangular or parallelogram-shaped heating element along a middle straight, so that the flat heating element is held or supported evenly. Such a central holder may be connected to the other holding device, for example with its lower end. Thus, a kind of common pad can be provided.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Heizeinrichtung kann eine mechanische Stabilisierung des Heizelements dadurch bewirkt werden, dass das Heizelement dreidimensional senkrecht oder senkrecht und parallel zu den sich gegenüberliegenden Außenkanten oder Kontaktstreifen strukturiert oder verformt ist. Das Heizelement kann beispielsweise eine gewellte, sinusförmige oder sägezahnförmige Struktur erhalten. Alternativ kann es grabenförmige oder kraterförmige stabilisierende Einprägungen aufweisen, die nicht gerichtet sind bzw. keine Ausrichtung haben wie zuvor genannt. Entsprechende Maßnahmen zur Stabilisierung von freien Flächen sind von Blechen odgl. bekannt.In a further embodiment of the heating device, a mechanical stabilization of the heating element can be effected in that the heating element is structured or deformed three-dimensionally perpendicular or perpendicular and parallel to the opposite outer edges or contact strips. The heating element can for example be given a corrugated, sinusoidal or sawtooth-shaped structure. Alternatively, it may have trench-shaped or crater-shaped stabilizing indentations which are not directed or have no alignment as mentioned above. Corresponding measures for the stabilization of free surfaces are of sheet metal or the like. known.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Halteeinrichtung, besonders vorteilhaft auch ein vorbeschriebener Zentral-Halter, auf einer Wärmedämm-Unterlage angeordnet. So kann im Prinzip ein Aufbau ähnlich der eingangs genannten
Weist das Heizelement eine vorgenannte Form eines Gitters oder eines Gewebes auf, so kann es vorteilhaft aus länglichen Heizelementabschnitten bestehen, die sich in unterschiedlichen Richtungen kreuzen bzw. zusammengeführt sind. Ein solches Gewebe besteht auf übliche Art und Weise aus Kett-Fäden und Schuss-Fäden. Dabei ist vorteilhaft ausschließlich eine der beiden Arten von Fäden elektrisch leitfähig für die Heizelementfunktion bzw. weist Heizleitermaterial auf oder besteht aus Heizleitermaterial. Der andere Faden besteht dann aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Material und kann vor allem eine mechanisch stützende Wirkung ausüben. Hierfür eignen sich Keramikfasern, Basaltfasern oder Kohlefasern. Der Vorteil, wenn nur einer der beiden Fäden elektrisch leitfähig ist bzw. die Heizelementfunktion aufweist, liegt darin, dass dann an den Überkreuzungspunkten mit den anderen Fäden keine elektrische Kontaktierung erfolgt und vor allem auch kein Stromfluss. Dieser kann bei einer solchen anliegenden Kontaktierung nicht genau vorherbestimmt werden und wäre zum Teil auch problematisch bei Oberflächenoxidation. Außerdem ist die Einstellung einer bestimmten Verteilung der Stromdichte und somit auch der Leistungsdichte viel einfacher.If the heating element has an aforementioned shape of a grid or of a fabric, then it may advantageously consist of elongate heating element sections which intersect or are brought together in different directions. Such a fabric is usually made of warp threads and weft threads. In this case, only one of the two types of filaments is advantageously electrically conductive for the heating element function or has heating conductor material or consists of heating conductor material. The other thread then consists of an electric insulating material and can exert mainly a mechanical supporting effect. For this purpose, ceramic fibers, basalt fibers or carbon fibers are suitable. The advantage, if only one of the two threads is electrically conductive or has the heating element function, is that then takes place at the crossover points with the other threads no electrical contact and, above all, no current flow. This can not be exactly predetermined in such an adjacent contact and would also be problematic in some cases with surface oxidation. In addition, the setting of a certain distribution of the current density and thus the power density is much easier.
Alternativ zu den vorgenannten Fäden, die vorteilhaft jeweils aus einer Vielzahl von Fasern bestehen in gerader oder verzwirnter bzw. verdrillter Form, können auch sogenannte Monofilamente oder Drähte verwendet werden. Derartige Drähte könnten auch zumindest für die Heizelementfunktion aus einem geeigneten Metall bestehen und elektrisch leitfähig sein sowie die Heizelementfunktion erfüllen. Hier bieten sich Metalllegierungen aus beispielsweise Nickel und Chrom oder Eisen, Chrom und Aluminium an.As an alternative to the aforementioned threads, which advantageously each consist of a multiplicity of fibers in straight or twisted or twisted form, so-called monofilaments or wires can also be used. Such wires could also consist of a suitable metal and at least for the heating element function and be electrically conductive and fulfill the heating element function. Metal alloys of, for example, nickel and chromium or iron, chromium and aluminum are used here.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung könnten auch Drähte in der einen Richtung mit Fäden in der anderen Richtung kombiniert werden. Dabei können wiederum die Drähte vorteilhaft aus Heizleitermaterial bestehen oder ein solches aufweisen für die Heizelementfunktion.In a further possible embodiment of the invention, wires in one direction could also be combined with threads in the other direction. In this case, in turn, the wires can advantageously consist of heating conductor material or have such a feature for the heating element function.
In nochmals weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann ein Heizelement die Form eines Gitters aufweisen und im Wesentlichen rechtwinklig verlaufende Gitterabschnitte aufweisen. Ein solches Gitter kann quasi aus sich kreuzenden Heizelementabschnitten bestehen, die aber einstückig hergestellt sind, beispielsweise durch Herausstanzen aus einer entsprechenden Folie oder einem dünnen Heizleitermaterial. Dann kann ein solches Heizelement einstückig und einteilig hergestellt sein.In yet another embodiment of the invention, a heating element may have the form of a grid and have substantially rectangular extending grid sections. Such a grid may consist of quasi-intersecting Heizelementabschnitten, but which are made in one piece, for example by punching out of a corresponding foil or a thin Heizleitermaterial. Then, such a heating element can be made in one piece and in one piece.
Vorteilhaft kann das Heizelement Heizelementabschnitte und dazwischen verlaufende Durchbrechungen aufweisen als Zwischenflächen. Der Flächenanteil der Durchbrechungen bzw. Zwischenflächen ist vorteilhaft größer als der Flächenanteil der Heizelementabschnitte, besonders vorteilhaft um den Faktor 2 bis 20, insbesondere um den Faktor 5 bis 10. Besteht ein Heizelement aus einem vorgenannten Gewebe, so ist ein deutlich geringerer Faktor vorteilhaft, so kann der Flächenanteil der Zwischenflächen kleiner sein als der Flächenanteil der Heizelementabschnitte.Advantageously, the heating element heating element sections and intervening openings have as intermediate surfaces. The area fraction of the perforations or intermediate surfaces is advantageously greater than the area fraction of the heating element sections, particularly advantageously by a factor of 2 to 20, in particular by a factor of 5 to 10. If a heating element consists of an aforementioned tissue, then a significantly smaller factor is advantageous For example, the area fraction of the intermediate surfaces may be smaller than the area component of the heating element sections.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann das Heizelement, vorteilhaft an elektrisch leitfähigen Heizelementabschnitten, zumindest teilweise mit einem katalytisch wirksamen Material beschichtet sein. Das ganze Heizelement oder manche Heizelementabschnitte bzw. manche der einzelnen Fäden oder Drähte können zwar auch vollständig aus einem solchen katalytisch wirksamen Material bestehen. Dies bringt aber bezüglich der Wirksamkeit nichts, da ein Katalysator ja auf seiner Oberfläche wirkt, und es wäre wohl auch angesichts der häufig sehr teuren Materialien sehr kostenintensiv. Es ist möglich, dass nicht alle parallelen und nebeneinanderliegenden Heizelementabschnitte bzw. Fäden oder Drähte mit einem solchen katalytisch wirksamen Material beschichtet sind oder dieses aufweisen, sondern nur beispielsweise jeder zweite, jeder dritte oder jeder vierte.In a further embodiment of the invention, the heating element, advantageously to electrically conductive Heizelementabschnitten, at least partially coated with a catalytically active material. Although the entire heating element or some Heizelementabschnitte or some of the individual threads or wires may indeed consist entirely of such a catalytically active material. However, this brings nothing in terms of effectiveness, since a catalyst indeed acts on its surface, and it would probably also in view of the often very expensive materials very expensive. It is possible that not all parallel and adjacent heating element sections or threads or wires are coated with or have such a catalytically active material, but only for example every second, every third or every fourth.
Durch eine solche Katalysatorwirkung direkt am Heizelement können vorteilhafte Anwendungen einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung vor allem dort sein, wo das Heizelement direkt Luft beheizt und nicht nur als Strahlungsheizung dient. So kann vorbeiströmende Luft gereinigt werden.By virtue of such a catalyst effect directly on the heating element, advantageous applications of a heating device according to the invention can be above all where the heating element directly heats air and does not serve merely as radiant heating. This way, passing air can be cleaned.
Ein mögliches erfindungsgemäßes Kochgerät kann in einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ein Kochfeld mit einer Kochfeldplatte sein. Unter der Kochfeldplatte ist mindestens eine zuvor beschriebene Heizeinrichtung angeordnet, vorteilhaft mehrere. In diesem Fall kann eine solche Heizeinrichtung im Prinzip wie eine an sich bekannte Strahlungsheizeinrichtung eingesetzt werden und auch betrieben werden. Dabei sollte die Kochfeldplatte für Wärmestrahlung möglichst durchlässig sein, beispielsweise auch aus Glaskeramik bestehen, wie dies allgemein üblich ist. In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es möglich, dass die Halteeinrichtung das Heizelement möglichst flächig an die Unterseite der Kochfeldplatte andrückt, welche dann elektrisch isolierend sein sollte und beispielsweise ebenfalls aus Glaskeramik bestehen kann. Dann kann die Heizeinrichtung bzw. das Heizelement als Kontaktheizung arbeiten und beispielsweise mit Kleinspannung betrieben werden, also 50 V Wechselspannung oder 120 V Gleichspannung. Dabei wird das Heizelement in einem Temperaturbereich von einigen 100 °C betrieben, vorteilhaft 200°C bis 500°C, aber unter den mehr als 1.000 °C, bei denen üblicherweise Strahlungsheizkörper arbeiten.In one embodiment of the invention, a possible cooking appliance according to the invention may be a hob with a hob plate. At least one heating device described above is arranged below the hob plate, advantageously several. In this case, such a heater can be used in principle as a radiation heater known per se and also operated. The cooktop panel for thermal radiation should be as permeable as possible, for example, consist of glass ceramic, as is common practice. In one embodiment of the invention, it is possible that the holding device presses the heating element as flat as possible to the underside of the hob plate, which should then be electrically insulating and, for example, may also consist of glass ceramic. Then, the heater or the heating element can work as contact heating and be operated for example with low voltage, ie 50 V AC or 120 V DC. In this case, the heating element is operated in a temperature range of a few 100 ° C, advantageously 200 ° C to 500 ° C, but below the more than 1,000 ° C, where usually radiant heaters work.
Ein alternatives Kochgerät gemäß der Erfindung kann ein Backofen sein mit einer Backofenmuffel. An oder in dieser Backofenmuffel ist mindestens eine vorbeschriebene Heizeinrichtung angeordnet. Gemäß einer Möglichkeit kann eine erfindungsgemäße Heizeinrichtung als Unterhitze-Heizkörper in dem Backofen angeordnet sein und dazu unterhalb eines Bodens der Backofenmuffel montiert werden, wie dies aus dem Stand der Technik an sich bekannt ist. Üblicherweise werden hier im Stand der Technik sogenannte Rohrheizkörper verwendet. Eine weitere Möglichkeit ist eine Verwendung als Oberhitze-Heizkörper in der Backofenmuffel. Ein solcher Oberhitze-Heizkörper ist üblicherweise frei verlaufend an der Unterseite der Decke der Backofenmuffel montiert und kann auch als Grill betrieben werden, indem er mit Temperaturen von über 700 °C glüht und somit Strahlungswärme erzeugt für das Grillen in der Backofenmuffel. In diesem Fall sollte die Heizeinrichtung ebenfalls für einen Betrieb als Grill geeignet sein.An alternative cooking appliance according to the invention may be an oven with a baking oven muffle. At or in this oven muffle at least one prescribed heating device is arranged. According to one possibility, a heating device according to the invention may be arranged as a bottom heat radiator in the oven and to be mounted below a bottom of the baking oven muffle, as is known per se from the prior art. Usually So-called tubular heaters are used in the prior art. Another possibility is a use as a top heat radiator in the oven muffle. Such a top heat radiator is usually mounted freely running on the underside of the ceiling of the oven muffle and can also be operated as a grill by glows with temperatures of about 700 ° C and thus generates radiant heat for grilling in the oven muffle. In this case, the heater should also be suitable for use as a grill.
Bei einer Verwendung in einem Backofen ist die vorbeschriebene Möglichkeit eines zusätzlichen Vorsehens von katalytisch wirksamem Material besonders vorteilhaft. Ein damit versehenes Heizelement kann dann an bzw. in der Backofenmuffel vorgesehen sein, so dass es mit der Luft in der Backofenmuffel in Berührung kommt und diese katalytisch reinigen kann durch katalytische Verbrennung von darin enthaltenen Verunreinigungen bzw. störenden Partikeln. So kann ein solches Heizelement beispielsweise an einem Gebläse eines Heißluftbackofens angeordnet sein, wo normalerweise bei einem Heißluftbackofen ein ringförmig umlaufender Rohrheizkörper verwendet wird.When used in an oven, the above-described possibility of additional provision of catalytically active material is particularly advantageous. A heating element provided therewith may then be provided on or in the oven muffle, so that it comes into contact with the air in the baking oven muffle and can catalytically clean it by catalytic combustion of impurities or interfering particles contained therein. For example, such a heating element can be arranged on a fan of a hot-air baking oven, where a ring-shaped tubular heater is normally used in a hot-air baking oven.
Ein vorteilhaftes Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Heizelements, wie es vor allem in einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung oder einem vorgenannten Kochgerät verwendet werden kann, sieht vor, dass ein Gitter oder Gewebe erzeugt wird, wie es zuvor beschrieben worden ist. Es weist Heizelementabschnitte sowie eine Heizelementfunktion auf und ist flächig ausgebildet. Es kann als Gewebe gewebt werden mit entsprechenden Kett-Fäden und Schuss-Fäden bzw. Kett-Drähten und Schuss-Drähten. Ein solches Material kann entweder bereits in Streifenform hergestellt werden mit einer Breite, wie sie nachher auch für das Heizelement bzw. die Heizeinrichtung gewünscht ist. Alternativ kann es als größere Fläche hergestellt werden und daraus ein Streifen herausgeschnitten werden. Alternativ zu einer solchen Herstellung kann ein entsprechendes Gitter eines Heizelements aus Heizleitermaterial ausgestanzt, ausgeätzt oder ausgelasert werden.An advantageous method for producing a heating element, such as can be used in particular in a heating device according to the invention or an aforementioned cooking appliance, provides that a grid or fabric is produced, as has been described above. It has heating element sections and a heating element function and has a planar design. It can be woven as a fabric with corresponding warp threads and weft threads or warp wires and weft wires. Such a material can either already be produced in strip form with a width which is subsequently also desired for the heating element or the heating device. Alternatively, it can be made as a larger surface and a strip cut out of it. As an alternative to such a production, a corresponding grid of a heating element made of heating conductor material can be punched, etched or laser cut.
In einem nachfolgenden Schritt wird an einem Streifen der gewünschten Breite des Heizelements in einem Durchlaufverfahren an seinen zwei gegenüberliegenden Außenkanten jeweils ein Kontaktstreifen aus elektrisch leitfähigem Streifenmaterial angebracht. Dazu können die Außenkanten des Streifens des Heizelements in diese Kontaktstreifen eingefalzt werden. Entsprechend elektrisch leitfähiges Streifenmaterial kann beispielsweise ein dünnes Blech aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material sein.In a subsequent step, a contact strip of electrically conductive strip material is attached to a strip of the desired width of the heating element in a continuous process at its two opposite outer edges. For this purpose, the outer edges of the strip of the heating element can be folded into these contact strips. According electrically conductive strip material may be, for example, a thin sheet of electrically conductive material.
In einem weiteren Schritt werden die Kontaktstreifen mit dem Streifen aus dem Gitter oder dem Gewebe mechanisch und elektrisch verbunden als Verbund. Vorteilhaft erfolgt dies durch Verschweißen. Besonders vorteilhaft erfolgt dieses Verbinden in einem Durchlaufverfahren, wobei sowohl der genannte Streifen des Heizelements als auch das Streifenmaterial für die Kontaktstreifen in großer Länge vorliegen kann und beispielsweise auf Trommeln odgl. aufgewickelt sein kann, von denen es dann abgewickelt wird. Derartige Kontaktstreifen dienen nicht nur zur gleichmäßigen und sicheren elektrischen Kontaktierung, sondern können auch eine gewisse mechanische Festigkeit verleihen. Diese ersetzt zwar noch nicht unbedingt die eingangs genannte Halteeinrichtung, auch wenn dies möglich wäre. Dadurch wird auch eine Handhabung des Heizelements beim Zusammenbau einer Heizeinrichtung erleichtert.In a further step, the contact strips with the strip from the grid or the fabric mechanically and electrically connected as a composite. This is advantageously done by welding. Particularly advantageously, this joining takes place in a continuous process, wherein both the said strip of the heating element and the strip material for the contact strips can be present in great length and, for example, on drums or the like. can be wound up, from which it is then wound up. Such contact strips not only serve for uniform and secure electrical contact, but can also give a certain mechanical strength. Although this does not necessarily replace the aforementioned holding device, even if this would be possible. This also facilitates handling of the heating element when assembling a heating device.
Anschließend wird ein Heizelement als Verbund in einer bestimmten Länge abgelängt von den länglichen Streifen. Dieses Heizelement wird dann eben auf vorbeschriebene Art und Weise in eine Heizeinrichtung eingebaut.Subsequently, a heating element is cut as a composite in a certain length by the elongated strips. This heating element is then installed just in the manner described above in a heater.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass massive oder litzenartige elektrische Anschlussleitungen an jeweils einen Kontaktstreifen angebracht werden. Dies erfolgt vorteilhaft durch Anschweißen. Möglicherweise können auch Steckkontakte direkt angebracht oder angeschweißt werden, insbesondere Steckkontakt-Fahnen. So können elektrische Anschlussleitungen leicht aufgesteckt werden.In a further embodiment of the invention can be provided that solid or strand-like electrical connection cables are attached to each contact strip. This is advantageously done by welding. Possibly also plug contacts can be attached directly or welded, in particular plug contact flags. So electrical connection cables can be easily plugged.
Diese und weitere Merkmale gehen außer aus den Ansprüchen auch aus der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen hervor, wobei die einzelnen Merkmale jeweils für sich allein oder zu mehreren in Form von Unterkombination bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung und auf anderen Gebieten verwirklicht sein und vorteilhafte sowie für sich schutzfähige Ausführungen darstellen können, für die hier Schutz beansprucht wird. Die Unterteilung der Anmeldung in einzelne Abschnitte sowie Zwischen-Überschriften beschränken die unter diesen gemachten Aussagen nicht in ihrer Allgemeingültigkeit.These and other features will become apparent from the claims and from the description and drawings, wherein the individual features in each case alone or more in the form of sub-combination in one embodiment of the invention and in other areas be realized and advantageous and protectable Represent embodiments for which protection is claimed here. The subdivision of the application into individual sections as well as intermediate headings does not restrict the general validity of the statements made thereunder.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellt und werden im Folgenden näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine starke Vergrößerung eines Gewebes mit Kett-Fäden aus Heizleitermaterial und mit Schuss-Fäden aus elektrisch isolierenden Fasern,
- Fig. 2
- eine mögliche Ausgestaltung eines Kochfelds mit einer Heizeinrichtung mit einem Heizelement gemäß der Erfindung,
- Fig. 3
- eine schematische Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizelements aus einem Gewebe entsprechend
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 4
- eine Ausgestaltung eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizelements aus einem Gewebe entsprechend
Fig. 1 mit einer wellenartigen Struktur, - Fig. 5 und 6
- verschiedene Draufsichten auf gitterartige Heizelemente mit breiten Kontaktstreifen an den Seiten,
- Fig. 7
- eine schematisch dargestellte Möglichkeit einer gespannten Anordnung eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizelements in einer Heizeinrichtung,
- Fig. 8
- eine vereinfachte Darstellung eines Backofens mit Heizeinrichtungen gemäß der Erfindung als Unterhitzeheizkörper und Oberhitzeheizkörper und
- Fig. 9
- eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Backofens mit einer Heizeinrichtung gemäß der Erfindung samt Katalysatorfunktion an einem Gebläse für eine Heißluftfunktion.
- Fig. 1
- a strong enlargement of a fabric with warp threads made of heat conductor material and weft threads made of electrically insulating fibers,
- Fig. 2
- a possible embodiment of a hob with a heating device with a heating element according to the invention,
- Fig. 3
- a schematic device for producing a heating element according to the invention from a fabric accordingly
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 4
- an embodiment of a heating element according to the invention of a fabric accordingly
Fig. 1 with a wave-like structure, - FIGS. 5 and 6
- various top views of grid-like heating elements with wide contact strips on the sides,
- Fig. 7
- a schematically illustrated possibility of a tensioned arrangement of a heating element according to the invention in a heating device,
- Fig. 8
- a simplified representation of a baking oven with heaters according to the invention as a bottom heat radiator and top heaters and
- Fig. 9
- a schematic representation of another oven with a heater according to the invention, including catalyst function on a fan for a hot air function.
In der
Die Schuss-Fäden 14 können zwar grundsätzlich auch eine Heizelementfunktion aufweisen, vorteilhaft sind sie jedoch elektrisch isolierend und vor allem zur Stützung bzw. mechanischen Festigkeit des Gewebes 10 vorgesehen. Sie bestehen aus elektrisch isolierendem und entsprechend mechanisch festem sowie vor allem temperaturfesten Material, vorteilhaft sind es entsprechend der Maximaltemperatur und dem Anwendungsbereich eines Heizelements Keramikfasern, Basaltfasern, Kohlestofffasern oder Aramidfasern. Dabei sind es besonders vorteilhaft Multifilamente.Although basically the
Eine Stärke bzw. ein Durchmesser der Kett-Fäden und/oder der Schuss-Fäden kann entsprechend nach Anwendung dimensioniert sein, beispielsweise zwischen 0,05 mm und 1 mm liegen, vorteilhaft zwischen 0,1 mm und 0,5 mm.A thickness or a diameter of the warp threads and / or the weft threads may be dimensioned according to the application, for example between 0.05 mm and 1 mm, advantageously between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm.
Die
Die erfindungsgemäße Heizeinrichtung 20 ist als Beheizung in ein erfindungsgemäßes Kochfeld 30 eingebaut, wie in der
In der
Nach dem Einfalzen sind links eine Rollnaht-Schweißeinrichtung 17a und rechts eine Rollnaht-Schweißeinrichtung 17b vorgesehen. Diese verschweißen das Gewebe 10 bzw. die aus Metall bestehenden Kett-Fäden 13 mit den Kontaktstreifen 15a und 15b, wobei sie unter Umständen auch das Einfalzen übernehmen können. Durch das Verschweißen erfolgt zum einen eine sichere und stabilisierende mechanische Verbindung, zum anderen wird eine elektrische Verbindung hergestellt.After crimping, a
Anschließend werden mittels einer Schneideinrichtung 18 die fertigen gewünschten Heizelemente 11 in der passenden Länge abgeschnitten. Dabei verlaufen die Kett-Fäden mit der Heizelementfunktion von einem Kontaktstreifen 15a zum anderen Kontaktstreifen 15b.Subsequently, the finished desired
Hier ist schematisch noch dargestellt, wie elektrische Anschlüsse 27 an die Kontaktstreifen 15a und 15b angebracht werden können, beispielsweise als kurze Anschlussdrähte. Dazu können sie angeschweißt werden. Alternativ könnten auch feste Kontaktstecker als Kontaktschuhe oder Flachsteckfahnen angebracht oder angeschweißt werden.Here is also shown schematically how
Es ist leicht vorstellbar, dass das Heizelement 11 entsprechend der
Die
In nochmals weiterer Abwandlung könnten verteilt einzelne kleinere Bereiche eingedrückt sein, beispielsweise als Krater oder Erhebungen.In yet another variation distributed smaller individual areas could be indented, such as craters or surveys.
In der
In der
In der
In der
Im oberen Bereich der Backofenmuffel 37 bzw. unterhalb einer Muffeldecke ist der Oberhitze-Heizkörper vorgesehen, beispielhaft durch die Kombination zweier schmaler Heizelemente 11.In the upper region of the baking oven muffle 37 or below a muffle top, the top heat radiator is provided, for example by the combination of two
Sowohl der Heizkörper für die Oberhitze als auch der für die Unterhitze können einteilig ausgeführt sein oder aus einer Anordnung rechteckiger Heizelemente bestehen, die gleiche oder verschiedene Seiten- und Längenmaße haben. So ist es möglich, für eine gleichmäßige Erwärmung oder Bräunung des Koch-, Brat- oder Grillguts sowohl die Oberhitze als auch die Unterhitze partiell unterschiedlich einzustellen.Both the radiator for the top heat and for the bottom heat can be made in one piece or consist of an array of rectangular heating elements that have the same or different side and length dimensions. So it is possible to adjust for a uniform heating or browning of cooking, roasting or grilling both the top heat and the bottom heat partially different.
In der
Auch hier ist eine Halteeinrichtung für das Heizelement 11 nicht näher dargestellt, aber leicht vorstellbar. So eignen sich auch wiederum vor allem die beiden Kontaktstreifen 15 an den Seiten dazu, das Heizelement 11 zu befestigen.Again, a holding device for the
Claims (15)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Heizelement ein Gitter oder ein Gewebe aufweist, das zumindest teilweise Heizleitermaterial aufweist.Heating device with a planar heating element and with a holding device for the heating element, wherein the heating element is held along an outer edge of the holding device and at least 70% of its surface is free between the holding device or within the holding device,
characterized in that
the heating element comprises a grid or a fabric which has at least partially Heizleiterermaterial.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102016225462.6A DE102016225462A1 (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2016-12-19 | Heating device, cooking device with a heating device and method for producing a heating element |
Publications (2)
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EP3337291A1 true EP3337291A1 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
EP3337291B1 EP3337291B1 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
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EP17207786.9A Active EP3337291B1 (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2017-12-15 | Heating device, cooking appliance with a heating unit, and method for making a heating element |
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US (1) | US20180176994A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3337291B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016225462A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2831383T3 (en) |
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DE102019208228A1 (en) | 2019-06-05 | 2020-12-10 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Heating device with a flat heating element, cooking appliance with and method for producing such a heating device |
WO2021170232A1 (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2021-09-02 | E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH | Heating device |
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FR2789753B1 (en) * | 1999-02-15 | 2001-05-18 | Seb Sa | REMOVABLE HEATER SUB-ASSEMBLY FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES |
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DE102009031890A1 (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2011-01-13 | Dbk David + Baader Gmbh | heater |
DE102009028398A1 (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2011-02-17 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Heater particularly for circulating air heating of cooking device, has open cellular ceramic material and carbon nanotubes, where ceramic material is cogged with carbon nanotubes |
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2016
- 2016-12-19 DE DE102016225462.6A patent/DE102016225462A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2017
- 2017-12-15 ES ES17207786T patent/ES2831383T3/en active Active
- 2017-12-15 EP EP17207786.9A patent/EP3337291B1/en active Active
- 2017-12-18 US US15/845,044 patent/US20180176994A1/en not_active Abandoned
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BE392717A (en) * | ||||
FR746604A (en) * | 1931-12-02 | 1933-06-02 | Porzellanfab Rosenthal & Co Ag | Improvements made to electric hotplates |
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JPS4026128Y1 (en) * | 1964-03-28 | 1965-09-06 | ||
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3337291B1 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
DE102016225462A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
US20180176994A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
ES2831383T3 (en) | 2021-06-08 |
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