EP3335268B1 - Surface wave antenna system - Google Patents
Surface wave antenna system Download PDFInfo
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- EP3335268B1 EP3335268B1 EP16753413.0A EP16753413A EP3335268B1 EP 3335268 B1 EP3335268 B1 EP 3335268B1 EP 16753413 A EP16753413 A EP 16753413A EP 3335268 B1 EP3335268 B1 EP 3335268B1
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- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- antenna system
- cover
- wired
- radiation
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- 241000985719 Antennariidae Species 0.000 description 15
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
- H01Q9/36—Vertical arrangement of element with top loading
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/04—Adaptation for subterranean or subaqueous use
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
- H01Q1/46—Electric supply lines or communication lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
- H01Q5/15—Resonant antennas for operation of centre-fed antennas comprising one or more collinear, substantially straight or elongated active elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
- H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
- H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
- H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/44—Resonant antennas with a plurality of divergent straight elements, e.g. V-dipole, X-antenna; with a plurality of elements having mutually inclined substantially straight portions
- H01Q9/46—Resonant antennas with a plurality of divergent straight elements, e.g. V-dipole, X-antenna; with a plurality of elements having mutually inclined substantially straight portions with rigid elements diverging from single point
Definitions
- the invention relates to an antenna system.
- the invention relates to an antenna system with vertical and/or elliptical polarization suitable for transmitting and/or receiving surface waves in a wide frequency band including in particular all or part of the low, medium and high frequencies between 30 kHz and about 30 MHz, i.e. LF, MF and HF.
- Antennas using only a surface wave as a propagation vector are very few in number.
- Current surface wave systems use whip or biconical type antennas which are poorly suited for radar applications.
- space wave field also called ionospheric radiation
- the invention aims to overcome at least some of the drawbacks of known antennas.
- the invention aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, an antenna system whose preferential radiation is surface wave radiation.
- the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, an antenna system whose ionospheric radiation is reduced.
- the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, an antenna system that is simple to produce.
- the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, a discrete antenna system whose vertical bulk is small.
- the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, an antenna system whose bandwidth can be easily modified.
- electrically short antenna in the vertical plane is meant an antenna emitting radiation in a preferential wavelength called the central wavelength ⁇ 0 , and whose vertical size is less than a quarter of the central wavelength. If the antenna transmits on a frequency band, the central wavelength corresponds to the wavelength associated with the central frequency of the frequency band.
- the antenna is for example an antenna as described in the French patent application FR2965978 , a whip antenna, a PIFA type antenna (for Planar Inverted F-Shaped Antenna in English), M-shaped antenna, etc.
- An antenna system therefore allows preferential radiation in surface waves, as well as the reduction of the ionospheric radiation of an antenna thanks to the use of one or more wire covers, so as to emit only surface waves.
- the wired covers are electrically connected to the antenna, so that a power supply from the antenna also supplies the wired covers.
- the wired covers radiate at the central frequency f 0 and allow modification of the radiation pattern of the antenna so as to reduce the ionospheric radiation of the antenna system.
- the wired covers are formed from a metal wire or a small section metal tube.
- the vertical size of the antenna system is between 0.05 ⁇ 0 and 0.3 ⁇ 0 .
- the antenna system is therefore discreet. In addition, it is less sensitive to wind, blast, lightning, earthquakes, etc.
- the length of the wired cover is less than or equal to 2 ⁇ 0 .
- said at least one antenna is configured to transmit/receive directional radiation along a direction of radiation, and at least one wired cover extends along a main direction substantially parallel to the direction of radiation.
- the ionospheric radiation of the antenna system is further reduced in the radiation direction of the antenna when this is a directional antenna.
- At least one wired cover extends in a direction forming an angle of between ⁇ 10° and 10° with the surface of the conductive medium.
- the wired cover extends in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the conductive medium. “Substantially parallel” means an angle between the direction of each cover and the surface of the conductive medium comprised between ⁇ 5° and 5°.
- the wired cover can also be strictly parallel to the surface of the conductive medium.
- the reduction of ionospheric radiation and the directivity of the antenna are improved.
- an antenna system comprises at least two wire covers extending in main directions different from each other.
- the presence of a plurality of wired covers allows an improved reduction of ionospheric radiation in several azimuths.
- the conductive medium comprises a ground plane, to which each antenna is connected.
- the ground plane makes it possible to improve the conductivity of the conductive medium if this conductivity is too low.
- At least one wired cowl comprises at least one localized element adapted to allow the resonance of said cowl at a multitude of frequencies.
- the localized elements which can be resistive, capacitive or inductive elements, make it possible to form on the cover(s) open circuits (or high impedance) or closed circuits according to the operating frequencies, forming thus current traps.
- the localized elements are thus adapted to obtain a multifrequency antenna system (that is to say with multiple resonances) via said current traps.
- the localized elements can also make it possible to reproduce the RLC resonance of the cowl with a reduced physical length of the cowl but an equivalent electrical length.
- the localized elements are thus adapted to modify the electrical length of the cover.
- At least one wired cover comprises a plurality of wired elements connected to each other so as to form a surface cover or a volume cover.
- the surface or volume covers make it possible to increase the bandwidth of the antenna system.
- surface or volume covers are suitable for use with broadband antennas.
- the wired elements are, for example, strands composed of tubes or metal wires.
- the invention also relates to an antenna system characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
- An orthogonal marker Oxyz is used in each figure representing antenna systems according to the different embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents in perspective an antenna system according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the antenna system 20 comprises an antenna 22, here an M-shaped antenna comprising a horizontal radiating element 24 connected to three vertical radiating elements 26a, 26b, 26c, themselves connected to a conductive medium 28.
- the conductive medium 28 is represented by an electrical ground symbol connected to the ground.
- the conductive medium 28 is an imperfect conductive medium, for example soil (earth, sand, etc.) or water (sea, salt marsh, lake, etc.).
- the antenna is powered at the level of the vertical radiating element 26b by a generator 29.
- the antenna system 20 further comprises a wire cover 30 electrically connected to the antenna 22 at the level of the center of the cover.
- the wire cover 30 is connected to the antenna 22 at the level of the center of the vertical radiating element 24 .
- the wire cover 30 is single-stranded (that is to say it is composed of a single radiating wire), has a length greater than 0.8 ⁇ 0 and extends in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the middle 28 conductor.
- the conductive medium 28 has an electrical conductivity which varies according to its composition.
- the sea, salt marshes or salt lakes have high electrical conductivity, and earth and sand have low electrical conductivity.
- the antenna system 20 is completed by a ground plane, connected to the antenna 22, and buried below or on the surface of the conductive medium 28.
- the ground plane can be formed of a plate, or of a set of conductive wires forming a mesh, etc.
- the ground plane can take several shapes, for example a circle, a polygon (regular or not), etc.
- the ground plane extends under the whole of the antenna system 20, that is to say that the projection of the antenna system 20 on the conductive medium 28 along the axis Oz is included in the surface occupied by the ground plane.
- FIG. 2 schematically represents in perspective an antenna system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the antenna system 20 comprises an antenna 22 as described in the French patent application FR2965978 filed by the applicant.
- the antenna system 20 comprises a wire cover 30 electrically connected to the antenna 22 at the level of the center of the cover.
- the wire cover 30 is single-stranded, and is composed of two sub-strands 32a, 32b of equal lengths, connected at one of their ends and arranged in the same plane.
- the two sub-strands are connected by forming an angle, due to the difference between the height h1 at which the sub-strands are connected and the height of the other two ends of the sub-strands.
- the angle is equal to 180° and therefore the sub-strands are aligned and the cover is parallel to the surface of the conductive medium 28, like the cover previously described in the first embodiment of achievement.
- FIG. 3 represents a radiation diagram according to the yOz plane (known as the zenithal radiation diagram) of the antenna system according to the second embodiment of the invention, in which the wired cover has a length of 0.8 ⁇ 0 , the height h1 is equal at 0.06 ⁇ 0 , the height h2 is equal to 0.05 ⁇ 0 and the length L of the antenna is equal to 0.3 ⁇ 0 .
- the radiation from the antenna system is therefore mainly surface wave radiation, and the ionospheric radiation from the antenna system is greatly reduced compared to an antenna 22 without cover.
- the gain of the antenna system (expressed in dB relative to the maximum radiation of the antenna system) is between 0 and -5 dB for radiation angles included in the intervals [-90°, -60°] and [60 °, 90°], and is less than -10dB in the interval [-50°, 50°].
- FIG. 4 schematically represents in perspective an antenna system according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- the antenna system 20 comprises an antenna 22 of the PIFA type (for Planar Inverted F-Shaped Antenna ).
- the antenna 22 is composed of two vertical radiating elements 34a, 34b connected to a horizontal radiating element 36.
- the antenna system 20 comprises a single-strand wire cover 30 electrically connected to the antenna 22 at the level of the center of the wire cover 30.
- FIG. 5 schematically represents in perspective an antenna system according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- the antenna system 20 comprises an antenna 22 of the shortened whip antenna type.
- the antenna 22 is a monopole antenna comprising a single radiating wire, and the antenna system 20 comprises a single-strand wire cover 30 electrically connected to one end of the antenna 22 at the level of the center of the wire cover 30.
- FIG. 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 and 11 schematically represent in perspective an antenna system 20 according to different embodiments comprising an M-shaped antenna 22 as described above with reference to the first embodiment.
- THE figure 6 And 7 represent respectively a fifth and a sixth embodiment of the invention, in which the wire cover 30 is single-stranded and is connected to the antenna according to different arrangements, in particular connected to any point of the horizontal radiating element 24 in the fifth embodiment ( figure 6 ) or at one of the ends of the horizontal radiating element 24 in the sixth embodiment ( figure 7 ).
- wired cover 30 make it possible in particular to adapt the antenna system 20 according to different configurations so as to adapt to the constraints of the environment in which the antenna system 20 is arranged, the configurations having identical operations.
- THE figure 8 , 10 and 11 respectively represent a seventh, an eighth and a ninth embodiment of the invention, in which the wired cover 30 is a so-called multi-strand cover, comprising a plurality of wire elements, here two strands 38a, 38b connected at their center and s extending in different directions so as to form an angle ⁇ .
- the strands are of the same length greater than 0.8 ⁇ 0 .
- the cover is connected to the antenna according to different arrangements, in particular connected to the center of the horizontal radiating element 24 in the seventh embodiment ( figure 8 ), at any point of the horizontal radiating element 24 in the eighth embodiment ( figure 10 ) or at one of the ends of the horizontal radiating element 24 in the ninth embodiment ( figure 11 ).
- FIG 9 represents a radiation diagram according to the yOz plane (known as the zenithal radiation diagram) of the antenna system according to the seventh embodiment of the invention, in which each strand of the cover has a length of 1.1 ⁇ 0 , the element 24 horizontal radiating from the antenna 22 has a length of 0.7 ⁇ 0 and the antenna has a height h of 0.08 ⁇ 0 .
- the radiation from the antenna system is therefore mainly surface wave radiation, and the ionospheric radiation from the antenna system is greatly reduced compared to an antenna 22 without cover.
- the gain of the antenna system (expressed in dB relative to the maximum radiation of the antenna system) is between 0 and -5 dB for radiation angles included in the intervals [-90°, -60°] and [60 °, 90°], is less than -10dB in the interval [-50°, 50°], and less than -15dB in the interval [-40°, 40°].
- FIG 12 , 13 and 14 schematically represent in perspective an antenna system 20 respectively according to a tenth, an eleventh and a twelfth embodiment.
- Each antenna system comprises an M-shaped antenna 22 according to different particular embodiments.
- the antenna 22 comprises three horizontal radiating elements 24a, 24b, 24c of the same lengths, each connected at their ends to a vertical radiating element and all connected at their center to a single vertical radiating element 26b.
- This embodiment of the antenna allows a widening of the radiation frequency band of the antenna.
- the system 22 antenna comprises a multi-stranded wire cover 30 composed of two strands 38a, 38b, as described above, the ends of the strands being connected two by two by wire connections 40a, 40b so as to form a surface cover, that is to say say equivalent to a radiating surface.
- This surface cover therefore has a widened operating frequency band in connection with the widening of the operating band of the antenna 22.
- the antenna 22 comprises two horizontal radiating elements 24, 124 of different lengths each connected at their ends to a vertical radiating element and all connected at their center to a single vertical radiating element.
- a first horizontal radiating element 24 is of suitable length to radiate at a first central frequency f 0 (associated with the wavelength ⁇ 0 ) and a second horizontal element 124 is of suitable length to radiate at a second central frequency f bis ( associated with the wavelength ⁇ bis ).
- the antenna is said to be double resonant.
- the antenna system 22 comprises a wire cover 30 composed of several strands, here three strands 38a, 38b, 38c, arranged in parallel, of different lengths and connected at their ends.
- a first strand 38b has a length greater than 0.8 ⁇ 0 and is suitable for radiating at the first central frequency f 0
- two second and third strands 38a, 38c have a length greater than 0.8 ⁇ bis and are suitable for radiate at the central frequency f bis .
- the wire cover 30 is thus double resonant and allows the reduction of the ionospheric radiation for the central frequencies f 0 and f bis .
- the antenna 22 comprises five vertical radiating elements 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 26e connected to the horizontal radiating element 24.
- the antenna 22 comprises localized elements 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d arranged on two of the vertical radiating elements and on the horizontal radiating element 24, allowing the formation of current traps and/or allowing the electrical lengths to be modified. of the antenna 22.
- the localized elements can be resistive, capacitive (capacitors) or inductive (coils). These localized elements are commonly called " load " in English.
- the antenna system 22 comprises two multi-strand covers 30a, 30b connected to the horizontal radiating element of the antenna, each of the covers comprising two strands.
- the covers further comprise localized elements 42e, 42f, 42g, 42h, 42i, 42j, 42k, 421 allowing the formation of current traps and/or allowing the electrical lengths of the covers to be modified.
- the lumped elements are resistive (eg a resistor), capacitive (eg a capacitor) or inductive (eg a coil).
- At least one cover can be a volume type cover so as to further broaden the bandwidth of the antenna system
- the antenna system can comprise more than two covers, several antennas, etc.
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Description
L'invention concerne un système antennaire. En particulier, l'invention concerne un système antennaire à polarisation verticale et/ou elliptique adapté pour émettre et/ou recevoir des ondes de surface dans une large bande de fréquence incluant notamment tout ou partie des fréquences basses, moyennes et hautes comprises entre 30 kHz environ et 30 MHz environ, soit des ondes kilométriques, hectométriques et décamétriques.The invention relates to an antenna system. In particular, the invention relates to an antenna system with vertical and/or elliptical polarization suitable for transmitting and/or receiving surface waves in a wide frequency band including in particular all or part of the low, medium and high frequencies between 30 kHz and about 30 MHz, i.e. LF, MF and HF.
Actuellement, des pylônes rayonnants de grandes dimensions sont utilisés pour émettre de fortes puissances dans les bandes hectométriques. Ces pylônes présentent l'inconvénient d'être coûteux, de nécessiter un important terrain de sécurité pour leur installation, et d'être peu esthétiques et discrets. Ils ne sont pas optimisés pour une diffusion essentiellement par ondes de surface.Currently, large radiating pylons are used to transmit high power in the hectometric bands. These pylons have the drawback of being expensive, of requiring a large amount of safety ground for their installation, and of being unsightly and unobtrusive. They are not optimized for diffusion essentially by surface waves.
Les antennes utilisant uniquement une onde de surface comme vecteur de propagation sont très peu nombreuses. Les systèmes à ondes de surface actuels utilisent des antennes de type fouet ou biconique qui sont mal adaptées pour des applications radar.Antennas using only a surface wave as a propagation vector are very few in number. Current surface wave systems use whip or biconical type antennas which are poorly suited for radar applications.
Les pylônes rayonnants et en général toutes les antennes à polarisation verticale par exemple de type fouet ou biconique génèrent essentiellement un champ d'onde d'espace (aussi appelé rayonnement ionosphérique) et sont coûteux et/ou très peu discrets.Radiating pylons and in general all antennas with vertical polarization, for example of the whip or biconical type, essentially generate a space wave field (also called ionospheric radiation) and are expensive and/or very inconspicuous.
Des solutions ont été proposées pour résoudre ces problèmes. La demande de
L'invention vise à pallier au moins certains des inconvénients des antennes connus.The invention aims to overcome at least some of the drawbacks of known antennas.
En particulier, l'invention vise à fournir, dans au moins un mode de réalisation de l'invention, un système antennaire dont le rayonnement préférentiel est un rayonnement d'ondes de surface.In particular, the invention aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, an antenna system whose preferential radiation is surface wave radiation.
L'invention vise aussi à fournir, dans au moins un mode de réalisation, un système antennaire dont le rayonnement ionosphérique est diminué.The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, an antenna system whose ionospheric radiation is reduced.
L'invention vise aussi à fournir, dans au moins un mode de réalisation de l'invention, un système antennaire simple à réaliser.The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, an antenna system that is simple to produce.
L'invention vise aussi à fournir, dans au moins un mode de réalisation, un système antennaire discret et dont l'encombrement vertical est faible.The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, a discrete antenna system whose vertical bulk is small.
L'invention vise aussi à fournir, dans au moins un mode de réalisation, un système antennaire dont la bande passante peut être facilement modifiée.The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, an antenna system whose bandwidth can be easily modified.
Pour ce faire, l'invention concerne un système antennaire à ondes de surface selon la revendication 1 comprenant :
- au moins une antenne électriquement courte dans le plan vertical, à polarisation verticale ou elliptique et adapté pour émettre/recevoir un rayonnement dans au moins une bande de fréquence centrée sur une fréquence centrale f0 associée à une longueur d'onde centrale λ0, ladite antenne étant reliée à un milieu conducteur présentant une surface sensiblement horizontale,
- au moins un capot filaire de longueur supérieure ou égale à 0,8 λ0, électriquement lié à au moins une antenne au niveau du centre du capot, et adaptée pour rayonner au moins à la fréquence centrale f0 de l'antenne.
- at least one electrically short antenna in the vertical plane, with vertical or elliptical polarization and suitable for transmitting/receiving radiation in at least one frequency band centered on a central frequency f 0 associated with a central wavelength λ 0 , said antenna being connected to a conductive medium having a substantially horizontal surface,
- at least one wired cover of length greater than or equal to 0.8 λ 0 , electrically linked to at least one antenna at the level of the center of the cover, and adapted to radiate at least at the central frequency f 0 of the antenna.
On entend par antenne électriquement courte dans le plan vertical une antenne émettant un rayonnement dans une longueur d'onde préférentielle dite longueur d'onde centrale λ0, et dont l'encombrement vertical est inférieur à un quart de la longueur d'onde centrale. Si l'antenne émet sur une bande de fréquence, la longueur d'onde centrale correspond à la longueur d'onde associée à la fréquence centrale de la bande de fréquence. L'antenne est par exemple une antenne telle que décrite dans la demande de brevet français
Un système antennaire selon l'invention permet donc un rayonnement préférentiel en ondes de surfaces, ainsi que la réduction du rayonnement ionosphérique d'une antenne grâce à l'utilisation d'un ou plusieurs capots filaires, de façon à émettre uniquement des ondes de surface. Les capots filaires sont reliés électriquement à l'antenne, de façon à ce qu'une alimentation de l'antenne alimente aussi les capots filaires. De cette façon et grâce à leurs dimensions, les capots filaires rayonnent à la fréquence centrale f0 et permettent la modification du diagramme de rayonnement de l'antenne de façon à réduire le rayonnement ionosphérique du système antennaire. Les capots filaires sont formés d'un fil métallique ou d'un tube métallique de faible section.An antenna system according to the invention therefore allows preferential radiation in surface waves, as well as the reduction of the ionospheric radiation of an antenna thanks to the use of one or more wire covers, so as to emit only surface waves. . The wired covers are electrically connected to the antenna, so that a power supply from the antenna also supplies the wired covers. In this way and thanks to their dimensions, the wired covers radiate at the central frequency f 0 and allow modification of the radiation pattern of the antenna so as to reduce the ionospheric radiation of the antenna system. The wired covers are formed from a metal wire or a small section metal tube.
De préférence, l'encombrement vertical du système antennaire est compris entre 0,05 λ0 et 0,3 λ0. Le système antennaire est donc discret. En outre, il est moins sensible au vent, au souffle, à la foudre, aux séismes, etc.Preferably, the vertical size of the antenna system is between 0.05 λ 0 and 0.3 λ 0 . The antenna system is therefore discreet. In addition, it is less sensitive to wind, blast, lightning, earthquakes, etc.
De préférence, la longueur du capot filaire est inférieure ou égale à 2 λ0.Preferably, the length of the wired cover is less than or equal to 2 λ 0 .
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, ladite au moins une antenne est configurée pour émettre/recevoir un rayonnement directif selon une direction de rayonnement, et au moins un capot filaire s'étend selon une direction principale sensiblement parallèle à la direction de rayonnement.Advantageously and according to the invention, said at least one antenna is configured to transmit/receive directional radiation along a direction of radiation, and at least one wired cover extends along a main direction substantially parallel to the direction of radiation.
Selon cet aspect de l'invention, le rayonnement ionosphérique du système antennaire est réduit davantage dans la direction de rayonnement de l'antenne lorsque celle-ci est une antenne directive.According to this aspect of the invention, the ionospheric radiation of the antenna system is further reduced in the radiation direction of the antenna when this is a directional antenna.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, au moins un capot filaire s'étend selon une direction formant un angle compris entre -10° et 10° avec la surface du milieu conducteur.Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one wired cover extends in a direction forming an angle of between −10° and 10° with the surface of the conductive medium.
De préférence, le capot filaire s'étend selon une direction sensiblement parallèle à la surface du milieu conducteur. On entend par sensiblement parallèle un angle entre la direction de chaque capot et la surface du milieu conducteur compris entre -5° et 5°. Le capot filaire peut aussi être strictement parallèle à la surface du milieu conducteur.Preferably, the wired cover extends in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the conductive medium. “Substantially parallel” means an angle between the direction of each cover and the surface of the conductive medium comprised between −5° and 5°. The wired cover can also be strictly parallel to the surface of the conductive medium.
Selon cet aspect de l'invention, la réduction du rayonnement ionosphérique et la directivité de l'antenne sont améliorées.According to this aspect of the invention, the reduction of ionospheric radiation and the directivity of the antenna are improved.
Avantageusement, un système antennaire selon l'invention comprend au moins deux capots filaires s'étendant dans des directions principales différentes l'une de l'autre.Advantageously, an antenna system according to the invention comprises at least two wire covers extending in main directions different from each other.
Selon cet aspect de l'invention, la présence d'une pluralité de capots filaires permet une réduction du rayonnement ionosphérique améliorée dans plusieurs azimuts.According to this aspect of the invention, the presence of a plurality of wired covers allows an improved reduction of ionospheric radiation in several azimuths.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le milieu conducteur comprend un plan de masse, auquel est reliée chaque antenne.Advantageously and according to the invention, the conductive medium comprises a ground plane, to which each antenna is connected.
Selon cet aspect de l'invention, le plan de masse permet d'améliorer la conductivité du milieu conducteur si cette conductivité est trop faible.According to this aspect of the invention, the ground plane makes it possible to improve the conductivity of the conductive medium if this conductivity is too low.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, au moins un capot filaire comprend au moins un élément localisé adapté pour permettre la résonance dudit capot à une multitude de fréquence.Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one wired cowl comprises at least one localized element adapted to allow the resonance of said cowl at a multitude of frequencies.
Selon cet aspect de l'invention, les éléments localisés, qui peuvent être des éléments résistifs, capacitifs ou inductifs, permettent de former sur le ou les capots des circuits ouverts (ou haute impédance) ou des circuits fermés selon les fréquences de fonctionnement, formant ainsi des pièges de courant. Les éléments localisés sont ainsi adaptés pour obtenir un système antennaire multifréquence (c'est-à-dire à multiples résonances) via lesdits pièges de courant.According to this aspect of the invention, the localized elements, which can be resistive, capacitive or inductive elements, make it possible to form on the cover(s) open circuits (or high impedance) or closed circuits according to the operating frequencies, forming thus current traps. The localized elements are thus adapted to obtain a multifrequency antenna system (that is to say with multiple resonances) via said current traps.
En outre, les éléments localisés peuvent aussi permettre de reproduire la résonance RLC du capot avec une longueur physique de capot réduite mais une longueur électrique équivalente. Les éléments localisés sont ainsi adaptés pour modifier la longueur électrique du capot.In addition, the localized elements can also make it possible to reproduce the RLC resonance of the cowl with a reduced physical length of the cowl but an equivalent electrical length. The localized elements are thus adapted to modify the electrical length of the cover.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, au moins un capot filaire comprend une pluralité d'éléments filaires reliés les uns aux autres de sorte à former un capot surfacique ou un capot volumique.Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one wired cover comprises a plurality of wired elements connected to each other so as to form a surface cover or a volume cover.
Selon cet aspect de l'invention, les capots surfaciques ou volumiques permettent d'augmenter la largeur de bande passante du système antennaire. Ainsi, les capots surfaciques ou volumiques sont adaptés pour être utilisés avec des antennes à large bande. Les éléments filaires sont par exemple des brins composés de tubes ou de fils métalliques.According to this aspect of the invention, the surface or volume covers make it possible to increase the bandwidth of the antenna system. Thus, surface or volume covers are suitable for use with broadband antennas. The wired elements are, for example, strands composed of tubes or metal wires.
L'invention concerne également un système antennaire caractérisé en combinaison par tout ou partie des caractéristiques mentionnées ci-dessus ou ci-après.The invention also relates to an antenna system characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
D'autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante donnée à titre uniquement non limitatif et qui se réfère aux figures annexées dans lesquelles :
- la
figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un système antennaire selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 2 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un système antennaire selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 3 est un diagramme de rayonnement selon le plan yOz du système antennaire selon le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 4 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un système antennaire selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 5 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un système antennaire selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 6 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un système antennaire selon un cinquième mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 7 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un système antennaire selon un sixième mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 8 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un système antennaire selon un septième mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 9 est un diagramme de rayonnement selon le plan yOz du système antennaire selon le septième mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 10 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un système antennaire selon un huitième mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 11 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un système antennaire selon un neuvième mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 12 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un système antennaire selon un dixième mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 13 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un système antennaire selon un onzième mode de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 14 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un système antennaire selon un douzième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
- there
figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna system according to a first embodiment of the invention, - there
figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna system according to a second embodiment of the invention, - there
picture 3 is a radiation pattern along the yOz plane of the antenna system according to the second embodiment of the invention, - there
figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna system according to a third embodiment of the invention, - there
figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna system according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, - there
figure 6 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna system according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, - there
figure 7 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna system according to a sixth embodiment of the invention, - there
figure 8 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna system according to a seventh embodiment of the invention, - there
figure 9 is a radiation pattern along the yOz plane of the antenna system according to the seventh embodiment of the invention, - there
figure 10 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna system according to an eighth embodiment of the invention, - there
figure 11 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna system according to a ninth embodiment of the invention, - there
figure 12 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna system according to a tenth embodiment of the invention, - there
figure 13 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna system according to an eleventh embodiment of the invention, - there
figure 14 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna system according to a twelfth embodiment of the invention.
Les réalisations suivantes sont des exemples. Bien que la description se réfère à un ou plusieurs modes de réalisation, ceci ne signifie pas nécessairement que chaque référence concerne le même mode de réalisation, ou que les caractéristiques s'appliquent seulement à un seul mode de réalisation. De simples caractéristiques de différents modes de réalisation peuvent également être combinées pour fournir d'autres réalisations. Sur les figures, les échelles et les proportions ne sont pas strictement respectées et ce, à des fins d'illustration et de clarté.The following achievements are examples. Although the description refers to one or more embodiments, this does not necessarily mean that each reference is to the same embodiment, or that the features apply only to a single embodiment. Simple features of different embodiments can also be combined to provide other realizations. In the figures, scales and proportions are not strictly adhered to, for purposes of illustration and clarity.
Un repère orthogonal Oxyz est utilisé sur chaque figure représentant des systèmes antennaires selon les différents modes de réalisation de l'invention.An orthogonal marker Oxyz is used in each figure representing antenna systems according to the different embodiments of the invention.
Les notions de « horizontal » et « vertical » sont utilisées en correspondance avec une antenne une fois installée, en situation opérationnelle, comme représenté
La
Le système 20 antennaire comprend une antenne 22, ici une antenne en forme de M comprenant un élément 24 rayonnant horizontal relié à trois éléments 26a, 26b, 26c rayonnants verticaux, eux-mêmes reliés à un milieu 28 conducteur. Sur cette figure et sur les figures suivantes, le milieu 28 conducteur est représenté par un symbole de masse électrique reliée à la terre. Le milieu 28 conducteur est un milieu conducteur imparfait, par exemple un sol (en terre, sable, etc.) ou de l'eau (mer, marais salant, lac, etc.). L'antenne est alimentée au niveau de l'élément 26b rayonnant vertical par un générateur 29.The
Le système 20 antennaire comprend en outre un capot 30 filaire relié électriquement à l'antenne 22 au niveau du centre du capot. En outre, dans ce mode de réalisation, le capot 30 filaire est relié à l'antenne 22 au niveau du centre de l'élément 24 rayonnant vertical.The
Le capot 30 filaire est monobrin (c'est-à-dire qu'il est composé d'un seul fil rayonnant), a une longueur supérieure à 0,8 λ0 et s'étend dans une direction sensiblement parallèle à la surface du milieu 28 conducteur.The
Le milieu 28 conducteur a une conductivité électrique qui varie en fonction de sa composition. Par exemple, la mer, les marais salants ou les lacs salés ont une forte conductivité électrique, et la terre et le sable ont une faible conductivité électrique. Selon un mode de réalisation non représenté, si la conductivité électrique est trop faible, c'est-à-dire inférieure à 1 S/m, le système 20 antennaire est complété par un plan de masse, relié à l'antenne 22, et enfoui en dessous ou à la surface du milieu 28 conducteur. Le plan de masse peut être formé d'une plaque, ou d'un ensemble de fils conducteurs formant un grillage, etc. Le plan de masse peut prendre plusieurs formes, par exemple un cercle, un polygone (régulier ou non), etc. Le plan de masse s'étend sous l'ensemble du système 20 antennaire, c'est-à-dire que la projection du système 20 antennaire sur le milieu 28 conducteur selon l'axe Oz est comprise dans la surface occupée par le plan de masse.The
La
Le système 20 antennaire comprend une antenne 22 telle que décrite dans la demande de brevet français
Le capot 30 filaire est monobrin, et est composé de deux sous-brins 32a, 32b de longueurs égales, reliés à une de leurs extrémités et disposés dans un même plan. Les deux sous-brins sont reliés en formant un angle, dû à la différence entre la hauteur h1 à laquelle les sous-brins sont connectés et à la hauteur des deux autres extrémités des sous-brins. En particulier, lorsque les hauteurs h1 et h2 sont égales, l'angle est égal à 180° et donc les sous-brins sont alignés et le capot est parallèle à la surface du milieu 28 conducteur, comme le capot décrit précédemment dans le premier mode de réalisation.The
La
Le rayonnement du système antennaire est donc principalement un rayonnement en ondes de surfaces, et le rayonnement ionosphérique du système antennaire est fortement réduit par rapport à une antenne 22 sans capot. En particulier, le gain du système antennaire (exprimé en dB par rapport au rayonnement maximal du système antennaire) est compris entre 0 et -5 dB pour des angles de rayonnement compris dans les intervalles [-90°, -60°] et [60°, 90°], et est inférieur à -10dB dans l'intervalle [-50°, 50°].The radiation from the antenna system is therefore mainly surface wave radiation, and the ionospheric radiation from the antenna system is greatly reduced compared to an
La
Le système 20 antennaire comprend une antenne 22 de type PIFA (pour Planar Inverted F-Shaped Antenna en anglais). L'antenne 22 est composée de deux éléments 34a, 34b rayonnants verticaux reliés à un élément 36 rayonnant horizontal.The
Le système 20 antennaire comprend un capot 30 filaire monobrin relié électriquement à l'antenne 22 au niveau du centre du capot 30 filaire.The
La
Le système 20 antennaire comprend une antenne 22 de type antenne fouet raccourcie. L'antenne 22 est une antenne monopôle comprenant un unique fil rayonnant, et le système 20 antennaire comprend un capot 30 filaire monobrin relié électriquement à une extrémité de l'antenne 22 au niveau du centre du capot 30 filaire.The
Les
Les
Ces différentes dispositions du capot 30 filaire permettent notamment d'adapter le système 20 antennaire selon différentes configurations de façon à s'adapter aux contraintes de l'environnement dans lequel est disposé le système 20 antennaire, les configurations ayant des fonctionnements identiques.These different arrangements of the
Les
Selon les modes de réalisation, le capot est relié à l'antenne selon différentes dispositions, notamment relié au centre de l'élément 24 horizontal rayonnant dans le septième mode de réalisation (
La
Le rayonnement du système antennaire est donc principalement un rayonnement en ondes de surfaces, et le rayonnement ionosphérique du système antennaire est fortement réduit par rapport à une antenne 22 sans capot. En particulier, le gain du système antennaire (exprimé en dB par rapport au rayonnement maximal du système antennaire) est compris entre 0 et -5 dB pour des angles de rayonnement compris dans les intervalles [-90°, -60°] et [60°, 90°], est inférieur à -10dB dans l'intervalle [-50°, 50°], et inférieur à -15dB dans l'intervalle [-40°, 40°].The radiation from the antenna system is therefore mainly surface wave radiation, and the ionospheric radiation from the antenna system is greatly reduced compared to an
Les
Dans le dixième mode de réalisation représenté
Pour être adapté à cet élargissement de la bande de fréquence, le système 22 antennaire comprend un capot 30 filaire multibrin composé de deux brins 38a, 38b, tel que décrit précédemment, les extrémités des brins étant reliées deux à deux par des connexions 40a, 40b filaires de façon à former un capot surfacique, c'est-à-dire équivalent à une surface rayonnante. Ce capot surfacique a donc une bande de fréquence de fonctionnement élargie en lien avec l'élargissement de la bande de fonctionnement de l'antenne 22.To be adapted to this widening of the frequency band, the
Dans le onzième mode de réalisation représenté
Pour être adapté à cette double résonance, le système 22 antennaire comprend un capot 30 filaire composés de plusieurs brins, ici trois brins 38a, 38b, 38c, disposés parallèlement, de longueurs différentes et reliés à leurs extrémités. Un premier brin 38b a une longueur supérieure à 0,8 λ0 et est adapté pour rayonner à la première fréquence centrale f0, et deux seconds et troisième brins 38a, 38c ont une longueur supérieure à 0,8 λbis et sont adaptés pour rayonner à la fréquence centrale fbis. Le capot 30 filaire est ainsi à double résonance et permet la réduction du rayonnement ionosphérique pour les fréquences centrales f0 et fbis.To be adapted to this double resonance, the
Dans le douzième mode de réalisation représenté
Le système 22 antennaire comprend deux capots 30a, 30b multibrins reliés à l'élément rayonnant horizontal de l'antenne, chacun des capots comprenant deux brins. Les capots comprennent en outre des éléments 42e, 42f, 42g, 42h, 42i, 42j, 42k, 421 localisés permettant la formation de pièges de courant et/ou permettant de modifier les longueurs électriques des capots.The
Les éléments localisés sont des éléments résistifs (par exemple une résistance), capacitifs (par exemple un condensateur) ou inductifs (par exemple une bobine).The lumped elements are resistive (eg a resistor), capacitive (eg a capacitor) or inductive (eg a coil).
L'invention ne se limite pas aux seuls modes de réalisation décrits. En particulier, au moins un capot peut être un capot de type volumique de façon à élargir davantage la bande passante du système antennaire, le système antennaire peut comprendre plus de deux capots, plusieurs antennes, etc.The invention is not limited to the embodiments described. In particular, at least one cover can be a volume type cover so as to further broaden the bandwidth of the antenna system, the antenna system can comprise more than two covers, several antennas, etc.
Claims (7)
- A surface wave antenna system (20), comprising :- at least one antenna (22), vertically or elliptically polarised and adapted to transmit/receive radiation in at least one frequency band centred on a central frequency f0 associated with a central wavelength λ0, said at least one antenna (22) being electrically short in the vertical plane, such that the antenna (22) has a vertical footprint of less than 0.25λ0, said antenna (22) being configured to be connected to a conductive medium (28) having a substantially horizontal surface,the antenna system (20) being characterised in that it further comprises :- at least one wired cover (30; 30a, 30b; 38a, 38b; 38a, 38b, 38c) of length greater than or equal to 0.8λ0, electrically linked to at least one antenna (22) at the centre of the cover (30; 30a, 30b; 38a, 38b), and adapted to radiate at least at the central frequency f0 of the antenna (22).
- The antenna system according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one wired cover (30; 30a, 30b) extends in a direction forming an angle of between -10° and 10° with the surface of the conductive medium (28).
- The antenna system according to claim 2, characterized in that said at least one wired cover (30; 30a, 30b; 38a, 38b; 38a, 38b, 38b) extends in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the conductive medium (28).
- The antenna system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises at least two wired covers (30a, 30b; 38a, 38b) extending in different main directions from each other.
- The antenna system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it further comprises a ground plane, to which each antenna (22) is connected.
- The antenna system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that at least one wired cover (30; 30a, 30b) comprises at least one localised element (42e-42l) adapted to allow the resonance of said cover (30; 30a, 30b) at a multitude of frequencies.
- The antenna system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that at least one wired cover (30; 30a, 30b; 38a, 38b; 38a, 38b, 38c) comprises a plurality of wired elements connected to each other so as to form a surface cover or a volume cover.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1557655A FR3040109B1 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2015-08-10 | SURFACE WAVE ANTENNA SYSTEM |
PCT/FR2016/051916 WO2017025674A1 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2016-07-22 | Surface wave antenna system |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3335268A1 EP3335268A1 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
EP3335268B1 true EP3335268B1 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
EP3335268C0 EP3335268C0 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
Family
ID=54937233
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16753413.0A Active EP3335268B1 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2016-07-22 | Surface wave antenna system |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3335268B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2958409T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3040109B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017025674A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR608523A (en) * | 1925-12-04 | 1926-07-28 | Materiel Telephonique | Antenna system |
GB474384A (en) * | 1936-04-29 | 1937-10-29 | Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co | Improvements in or relating to wireless aerials |
DE869650C (en) * | 1941-05-01 | 1953-03-05 | Telefunken Gmbh | Trap-shaped antenna |
GB2241384A (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1991-08-28 | British Broadcasting Corp | T-shaped antenna |
-
2015
- 2015-08-10 FR FR1557655A patent/FR3040109B1/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-07-22 ES ES16753413T patent/ES2958409T3/en active Active
- 2016-07-22 WO PCT/FR2016/051916 patent/WO2017025674A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-07-22 EP EP16753413.0A patent/EP3335268B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2958409T3 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
EP3335268A1 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
FR3040109A1 (en) | 2017-02-17 |
WO2017025674A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
EP3335268C0 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
FR3040109B1 (en) | 2018-10-05 |
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