EP3323131B1 - Varistor with separating device - Google Patents

Varistor with separating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3323131B1
EP3323131B1 EP16748065.6A EP16748065A EP3323131B1 EP 3323131 B1 EP3323131 B1 EP 3323131B1 EP 16748065 A EP16748065 A EP 16748065A EP 3323131 B1 EP3323131 B1 EP 3323131B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
varistor
contact
detachment means
set forth
electrical
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EP16748065.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3323131A1 (en
Inventor
Rainer Durth
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Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
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Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/08—Terminals; Connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H01H2037/762—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit using a spring for opening the circuit when the fusible element melts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2235/00—Springs
    • H01H2235/01—Spiral spring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/32—Insulating body insertable between contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a varistor with a disconnection device.
  • Such varistor is out JP H02 267902 A known.
  • surge arresters and in particular varistors, are subject to aging which cannot be neglected (also known as degradation) due to the high energy inputs. It can be determined that different factors have an impact on aging. In particular, however, the prevailing environmental conditions as well as the number, frequency and strength of energy inputs have an impact on aging. With increasing aging, for example, leakage currents occur, which lead to (continuous) heating of the surge arrester.
  • thermal isolating devices are therefore often used in which the surge arrester is electrically contacted by means of a spring system, the spring system being soldered to the surge arrester with a thermally softenable solder or adhesive. If an inadmissible heating occurs, the solder or the adhesive becomes soft, so that the energy stored in the spring system releases the direct electrical contact to the surge arrester.
  • a major disadvantage of this system is that the sudden interruption of the already flowing leakage current leads to a sharp increase in the voltage at the contact point itself. As a result, the insulation of the system is subjected to high loads, so that arcing can occur and the entire system in turn fails.
  • the reason for this is the magnetic energy that is stored in the electrical network at the time of separation by the current that is already flowing. This energy stored in the supply lines must be dissipated. The faster the current is interrupted, the greater the voltage at the point of separation.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing an improved and cost-effective varistor with a disconnection device which avoids one or more disadvantages from the prior art.
  • a varistor 1 with a disconnection device A is shown in the figures.
  • the varistor has at least a first connection 2 and a second connection 3.
  • the disconnection device A is designed such that it can interrupt the current flow through the varistor 1 in the event of a fault.
  • a fault is to be understood in general and can include both thermal overloading due to leakage currents and high fault currents.
  • the disconnecting device A has a connection contact 5.
  • the connection contact 5 establishes an electrical contact with a first connection 2 of the varistor 1.
  • connection contact 5 is secured by a thermally softenable holding device 4, so that the connection contact 5 remains electrically conductively connected to the first connection 2 of the varistor in normal operation.
  • the separating device A also has a detaching means 6, which is biased by means of an energy store 7 in normal operation.
  • an energy storage support 8 can be provided on the varistor 1 or on a housing (not shown) around the varistor and / or the separating device or another element of the separating device A.
  • the varistor 1 and / or the holding device 4 and / or other components in the thermal vicinity heat up, as a result of which the thermally softenable holding device is heated indirectly and / or immediately to such an extent that the thermally softenable holding device 4 softens.
  • the connection contact 5 is mechanically separated from the first connection 2 of the varistor 1 with the aid of the detachment means 6.
  • the separating device / the releasing means 6 is now designed to be resistive. The result of this is that a current still flowing through the varistor 1 is limited to non-hazardous values and at the same time the formation of arcs is prevented.
  • the outer shape of the release means 6 is wedge-shaped at least in sections, so that the insertion (and possible separation) is particularly simple.
  • plastic and / or ceramic materials can be used in a particularly simple and inexpensive manner with good electrical and mechanical properties. These can themselves have an appropriate electrical conductivity inherent or by filling with electrically conductive substances and, alternatively or additionally, can be equipped with an electrically conductive surface.
  • the electrical resistance that is exerted on a current flow is dependent on the relative path of the release means 6 with respect to the first connection 2 of the varistor 1 and / or the connection contact 5. If the release agent 6 is pushed in further (such as in Figure 5 shown), the current via the connection contact 5 to the first connection 2 has to cover a longer resistive path via the stripping means 6 than in a state directly when stripping. This means that the resistance can be changed (continuously) with the displacement path, which means that a low resistance is effectively available at the beginning, for example An arc is first avoided, and then the resistance is increased so that the current can be limited to non-hazardous sizes.
  • either a (wedge-shaped) gap 9 remains or, alternatively, the (wedge-shaped) gap 9 can be filled by a correspondingly designed electrically insulating section. This can be advantageous, for example, in order to achieve improved electrical and / or mechanical properties.
  • the detachment means 6 has a section 9 or a plurality of sections 9 which extend in sections transversely to the connecting line between the contact 2 and the terminal contact 5 shown in dashed lines in the figures, and which have a lower conductance than other sections of the detachment means, so that the electrical resistance of the release agent 6 changes depending on the relative current path.
  • the disconnection device A further has an electrical disconnection means 10, which electrically disconnects the connection contact 5 from the connection 2 of the varistor 1 after a resistively impeded current flow has initially been achieved in the event of a fault.
  • Figure 5 which shows a tripped state of the disconnection device A, the current flow is no longer possible since the insulating wedge 10 is now pushed between the connection contact 5 and the otherwise resistive release means 6.
  • the softenable holding device 4 can have an electrically conductive solder or an electrically conductive adhesive.
  • the detachment means 6 also has a further electrical contact 11, the further electrical contact 11 being arranged such that the resistive material of the detachment means 6 is in contact with the first contact 2 and the connection contact 5 Voltage divider is provided.
  • the upper part of the release means 6 now forms between the further electrical contact 11 and the connection contact 5 a first resistor and between the first connection 2 and the further electrical contact 11 a second resistor.
  • a voltage divider is thus available at the further electrical contact 11, so that (for example even after tripping in the event of a fault) a voltage is available at the additional contact 11 which can be used for further functions such as analysis and signaling.
  • this voltage divider is only relevant until the connection contact 5 has been electrically separated from the connection 2 of the varistor 1 by means of the electrical disconnection means 10. In this case, for example, the absence of a voltage at the further electrical contact 11 can be used as a sign of disconnection.
  • the resistive behavior of the release agent 6 can be of different types.
  • it in addition to a linear resistive behavior, it can also have a non-linear resistive behavior, for example the release means 6 can have a varistor-like characteristic or a temperature-dependent characteristic, e.g. that of a PTC resistor.
  • the invention proposes to reduce the energy still stored in the network over a certain period of time.
  • the separation point is not suddenly changed from electrically conductive to a high-resistance case, but the invention allows a current to continue flowing for a certain period of time, which can be determined by the time for the displacement of the release agent 6, but now no arc more arises.
  • a suitable resistor can also be formed in a surrounding housing, or in and by internal housing or mechanical fixing components.
  • the necessary electrical contact can also be made, in particular, by overmolding live parts with resistive plastics.
  • connection contact 5 and the first connection 2 changes during the separation, for example starting with a low resistance to a high resistance.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by sliding contacts or by sliders. It can be ensured that the ohmic contact acts simultaneously with the opening of the separation point, and thus the flowing current is ohmically limited. As a result, the magnetic energy can be dissipated, so that the voltage at the separation point cannot increase sharply, as in conventional devices.
  • the resistance or the resistance curve can be selected such that at the time of the disconnection by means of the disconnection means 10 the current flow is already reduced to such an extent that disconnection can now be provided without the risk of an arc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Resistors (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Varistor mit einer Abtrennvorrichtung. Solcher Varistor ist aus JP H02 267902 A bekannt.The invention relates to a varistor with a disconnection device. Such varistor is out JP H02 267902 A known.

Aus dem Stand der Technik ist bekannt, dass Überspannungsableiter, und insbesondere Varistoren, auf Grund der hohen Energieeinträge einer nicht zu vernachlässigenden Alterung (auch als Degradierung bekannt) unterliegen. Dabei kann festgestellt werden, dass unterschiedliche Faktoren einen Einfluss auf die Alterung haben. Insbesondere haben jedoch die vorherrschenden Umgebungsbedingungen als auch die Zahl, die Häufigkeit und die Stärke von Energieeinträgen einen Einfluss auf die Alterung. Mit zunehmender Alterung treten beispielsweise Leckströme auf, die zu einer (kontinuierlichen) Erwärmung des Überspannungsableiters führen.It is known from the prior art that surge arresters, and in particular varistors, are subject to aging which cannot be neglected (also known as degradation) due to the high energy inputs. It can be determined that different factors have an impact on aging. In particular, however, the prevailing environmental conditions as well as the number, frequency and strength of energy inputs have an impact on aging. With increasing aging, for example, leakage currents occur, which lead to (continuous) heating of the surge arrester.

Zum Schutz der Überspannungsableiter als auch umgebender Einrichtungen werden daher häufig thermische Abtrennvorrichtungen eingesetzt, bei denen der Überspannungsableiter mittels eines Federsystems elektrisch kontaktiert wird, wobei das Federsystem verlötet an den Überspannungsableiter mit einem thermisch erweichbaren Lot oder Kleber befestigt wird. Tritt nun eine unzulässige Erwärmung auf, wird das Lot oder der Kleber weich, so dass die im Federsystem gespeicherte Energie den unmittelbaren elektrischen Kontakt zum Überspannungsableiter löst.To protect the surge arrester as well as surrounding devices, thermal isolating devices are therefore often used in which the surge arrester is electrically contacted by means of a spring system, the spring system being soldered to the surge arrester with a thermally softenable solder or adhesive. If an inadmissible heating occurs, the solder or the adhesive becomes soft, so that the energy stored in the spring system releases the direct electrical contact to the surge arrester.

Allerdings gibt es Fehlerfälle, bei denen bereits ein starker Stromfluss (Fehlerstrom oder Leckstrom) eingesetzt hat. In diesen Fällen wird es - insbesondere bei Gleichspannungsnetzen (DC-Netzen)- sehr schwierig einen Lichtbogen, der beim Auftrennen entsteht, zu unterbrechen und somit den Stromfluss abzutrennen. Lichtbögen weisen auf Grund der Ausbildung eines Plasmas eine sehr geringe Leitfähigkeit auf. In solchen Fällen tritt entweder eine gefährliche, weil unkontrollierte, Zerstörung des Überspannungsableiters auf, oder aber eine vorgeschaltete Sicherung wird ausgelöst, sodass nun aber nicht nur der Überspannungsableiter sondern auch die eigentliche zu schützenden Geräte vom Netz getrennt sind. Dis führt zu nicht unerheblichen und kostenträchtigen Stillstandzeiten.However, there are fault cases in which a strong current flow (fault current or leakage current) has already started. In these cases, it becomes very difficult - particularly with direct voltage networks (DC networks) - to interrupt an arc that arises during the disconnection and thus to disconnect the current flow. Arcs have a very low conductivity due to the formation of a plasma. In such cases, either a dangerous, because uncontrolled, destruction of the surge arrester occurs, or an upstream fuse is triggered, so that now not only the surge arrester but also the actual devices to be protected are disconnected from the mains. This leads to not inconsiderable and costly downtimes.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind daher zahlreiche Vorrichtungen bekannt, die das Löschen des Lichtbogens durch Einschieben von isolierenden Schutzelementen lösen.Numerous devices are therefore known from the prior art which solve the arc extinguishing by inserting insulating protective elements.

Dabei soll unmittelbar eine erhöhte Isolationsstrecke erzeugt werden, um die Bildung und die Auswirkungen von Lichtbögen an der (auftrennenden) Kontaktstelle zu unterbinden.In this case, an increased insulation gap is to be generated immediately in order to prevent the formation and effects of arcing at the (separating) contact point.

Ein wesentlicher Nachteil dieses Systems ist es, dass die schlagartige Unterbrechung des bereits fließenden Leckstromes zu einem starken Anstieg der Spannung an der Kontaktstelle selbst führt. Hierdurch wird die Isolation des Systems hoch belastet, so dass es zu Überschlägen kommen kann und dadurch das gesamte System wiederum versagt. Ursache hierfür ist die magnetische Energie, die zum Zeitpunkt der Auftrennung durch den bereits fließenden Strom im elektrischen Netz gespeichert ist. Diese in den Zuleitungen gespeicherte Energie muss zwingend abgebaut werden. Je schneller also der Strom unterbrochen wird, umso stärker steigt die Spannung an der Trennstelle an.A major disadvantage of this system is that the sudden interruption of the already flowing leakage current leads to a sharp increase in the voltage at the contact point itself. As a result, the insulation of the system is subjected to high loads, so that arcing can occur and the entire system in turn fails. The reason for this is the magnetic energy that is stored in the electrical network at the time of separation by the current that is already flowing. This energy stored in the supply lines must be dissipated. The faster the current is interrupted, the greater the voltage at the point of separation.

Daher sind die Anforderungen an diese Vorrichtungen extrem hoch, sodass diese nur mit hohem Designaufwand entwickelt werden können und zudem kostenträchtig in Bezug auf Materialien und Herstellung sind. Weiterhin ist festzustellen, dass die bisherigen Vorrichtungen zu einer erheblichen Vergrößerung der Bauvolumina führen, wohingegen der Markt eine zunehmende Miniaturisierung verlangt.Therefore, the requirements for these devices are extremely high, so that they can only be developed with great design effort and are also costly in terms of materials and manufacture. It should also be noted that the previous devices lead to a considerable increase in the construction volume, whereas the market demands increasing miniaturization.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen verbesserten und kostengünstigen Varistor mit einer Abtrennvorrichtung bereitzustellen, der einen Nachteil oder mehrere Nachteile aus dem Stand der Technik vermeidet.The invention is based on the object of providing an improved and cost-effective varistor with a disconnection device which avoids one or more disadvantages from the prior art.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben bzw. in der Beschreibung beschrieben.According to the invention, the object is achieved by the features of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims or described in the description.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die anliegende Zeichnung anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsformen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the attached drawing using preferred embodiments.

Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine schematische Schnitt-Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Schnitt-Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Schnitt-Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
Fig. 4
eine schematische Schnitt-Darstellung einer vierten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, und
Fig. 5
eine schematische Schnitt-Darstellung der vierten Ausführungsform der Erfindung in einem ausgelösten Zustand.
Show it
Fig. 1
2 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a first embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 2
2 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a second embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 3
2 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a third embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 4
is a schematic sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the invention, and
Fig. 5
is a schematic sectional view of the fourth embodiment of the invention in a triggered state.

Nachstehend wird Bezug auf die Figuren genommen werden, wobei gleiche Referenzzeichen für gleiche Elemente stehen, so dass Elemente, die in Zusammenhang mit einer Figur beschrieben wurden, nicht notwendigerweise nochmals beschrieben werden.Reference will now be made to the figures, wherein the same reference symbols stand for the same elements, so that elements which have been described in connection with a figure are not necessarily described again.

In den Figuren ist ein Varistor 1 mit einer Abtrennvorrichtung A gezeigt. Der Varistor weist zumindest einen ersten Anschluss 2 und ein zweiten Anschluss 3 auf.A varistor 1 with a disconnection device A is shown in the figures. The varistor has at least a first connection 2 and a second connection 3.

Die Abtrennvorrichtung A ist so gestaltet, dass sie in einem Fehlerfall den Stromfluss durch den Varistor 1 unterbrechen kann. Dabei ist Fehlerfall allgemein zu verstehen und kann sowohl eine thermische Überlastung durch Leckströme als auch durch hohe Fehlerströme umfassen.The disconnection device A is designed such that it can interrupt the current flow through the varistor 1 in the event of a fault. In this case, a fault is to be understood in general and can include both thermal overloading due to leakage currents and high fault currents.

Hierzu weist die Abtrennvorrichtung A einen Anschlusskontakt 5 auf. Der Anschlusskontakt 5 stellt einen elektrischen Kontakt zu einem ersten Anschluss 2 des Varistors 1 her.For this purpose, the disconnecting device A has a connection contact 5. The connection contact 5 establishes an electrical contact with a first connection 2 of the varistor 1.

Der elektrische Kontakt ist durch eine thermisch erweichbare Halteeinrichtung 4 gesichert, sodass der Anschlusskontakt 5 im normalen Betriebsfall elektrisch leitend mit dem ersten Anschluss 2 des Varistors verbunden bleibt.The electrical contact is secured by a thermally softenable holding device 4, so that the connection contact 5 remains electrically conductively connected to the first connection 2 of the varistor in normal operation.

Weiterhin weist die Abtrennvorrichtung A weiterhin ein Ablösemittel 6 auf, das mittels eines Kraftspeichers 7 im normalen Betriebsfall vorgespannt ist. Beispielsweise kann hierzu ein Kraftspeicherauflager 8 am Varistor 1 oder an einem (nicht dargestellten) Gehäuse um den Varistor und / oder die Abtrennvorrichtung oder einem anderen Element der Abtrennvorrichtung A vorgesehen sein.Furthermore, the separating device A also has a detaching means 6, which is biased by means of an energy store 7 in normal operation. For example, an energy storage support 8 can be provided on the varistor 1 or on a housing (not shown) around the varistor and / or the separating device or another element of the separating device A.

In einem Fehlerfall erhitzt sich der Varistor 1 und / oder die Halteeinrichtung 4 und / oder andere Bauteile in thermischer Nachbarschaft, wodurch die thermische erweichbare Halteeinrichtung mittelbar und / oder unmittelbar so weit erwärmt wird, dass die thermisch erweichbare Halteeinrichtung 4 erweicht. Dann wird vermittels des Kraftspeichers 7 der Anschlusskontakt 5 von dem ersten Anschluss 2 des Varistors 1 mechanisch mit Hilfe des Ablösemittels 6 getrennt.In the event of a fault, the varistor 1 and / or the holding device 4 and / or other components in the thermal vicinity heat up, as a result of which the thermally softenable holding device is heated indirectly and / or immediately to such an extent that the thermally softenable holding device 4 softens. Then, by means of the energy store 7, the connection contact 5 is mechanically separated from the first connection 2 of the varistor 1 with the aid of the detachment means 6.

Um Lichtbögen weitestgehend zu vermeiden ist nunmehr aber die Abtrennvorrichtung / das Ablösemittel 6 resistiv ausgeführt. Dies führt im Ergebnis dazu, dass ein noch fließender Strom durch den Varistor 1 auf ungefährliche Werte begrenzt wird und zugleich die Bildung von Lichtbögen verhindert wird.In order to largely avoid arcing, however, the separating device / the releasing means 6 is now designed to be resistive. The result of this is that a current still flowing through the varistor 1 is limited to non-hazardous values and at the same time the formation of arcs is prevented.

Besonders einfach kann dies erreicht werde, wenn das Ablösemittel 6 die Trennung durch ein mechanisches Zwischenschieben zwischen den ersten Anschluss 2 und den Anschlusskontakt 5 erreicht und anschließend dauerhaft mit dem ersten Anschluss 2 und / oder dem Anschlusskontakt 5 in mechanischem und gegebenenfalls auch elektrischem Kontakt verbleibt.This can be achieved in a particularly simple manner if the detachment means 6 achieves the separation by means of a mechanical intermediate sliding between the first connection 2 and the connection contact 5 and then remains in mechanical and possibly also electrical contact with the first connection 2 and / or the connection contact 5.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die äußere Form des Ablösemittels 6 zumindest abschnittsweise keilförmig, so dass das Einschieben (und eventuelles Trennen) besonders einfach ist.In an advantageous embodiment, the outer shape of the release means 6 is wedge-shaped at least in sections, so that the insertion (and possible separation) is particularly simple.

Ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit können unterschiedliche Materialien für das Ablösemittel verwendet werden. Besonders einfach und kostengünstig bei guten elektrischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften können jedoch Werkstoffe aus Kunststoff und / oder Keramik zum Einsatz kommen. Diese können selbst über eine entsprechende elektrische Leitfähigkeit inhärent oder durch Füllung mit elektrisch leitenden Stoffen verfügen und alternativ oder zusätzlich mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Oberfläche ausgestattet sein.Without limiting the generality, different materials can be used for the release agent. However, plastic and / or ceramic materials can be used in a particularly simple and inexpensive manner with good electrical and mechanical properties. These can themselves have an appropriate electrical conductivity inherent or by filling with electrically conductive substances and, alternatively or additionally, can be equipped with an electrically conductive surface.

Insbesondere kann z.B. durch eine Ausgestaltung, wie sie in den Figuren 2 bis 5 gezeigt ist, erreicht werden, dass der elektrische Widerstand, der auf einen Stromfluss ausgeübt wird, abhängig vom relativen Weg des Ablösemittels 6 in Bezug zum ersten Anschluss 2 des Varistors 1 und / oder dem Anschlusskontakt 5 ist. Wird nämlich das Ablösemittel 6 weiter eingeschoben (wie z.B. in Figur 5 gezeigt), so muss der Strom über den Anschlusskontakt 5 hin zum ersten Anschluss 2 einen längeren resistiven Weg über das Ablösemittel 6 zurücklegen als in einem Zustand direkt beim Ablösen. D.h. mit dem Verschiebeweg kann der Widerstand (kontinuierlich) geändert werden, wodurch wirkungsvoll z.B. am Anfang eine geringer Widerstand zur Verfügung steht, so dass zunächst ein Lichtbogen vermieden wird, um anschließend den Widerstand so zu erhöhen, dass der Strom auf ungefährliche Größen beschränkt werden kann.In particular, for example, by a configuration as shown in the Figures 2 to 5 is achieved, that the electrical resistance that is exerted on a current flow is dependent on the relative path of the release means 6 with respect to the first connection 2 of the varistor 1 and / or the connection contact 5. If the release agent 6 is pushed in further (such as in Figure 5 shown), the current via the connection contact 5 to the first connection 2 has to cover a longer resistive path via the stripping means 6 than in a state directly when stripping. This means that the resistance can be changed (continuously) with the displacement path, which means that a low resistance is effectively available at the beginning, for example An arc is first avoided, and then the resistance is increased so that the current can be limited to non-hazardous sizes.

Dabei kann z.B. wie in den Figuren 2 bis 5 gezeigt entweder ein (keilförmiger) Spalt 9 verbleiben oder alternativ kann der (keilförmige) Spalt 9 durch einen entsprechend ausgebildeten elektrisch isolierenden Abschnitt ausgefüllt sein. Dies kann z.B. zur Erzielung verbesserter elektrischer und / oder mechanischer Eigenschaften vorteilhaft sein.For example, as in the Figures 2 to 5 shown, either a (wedge-shaped) gap 9 remains or, alternatively, the (wedge-shaped) gap 9 can be filled by a correspondingly designed electrically insulating section. This can be advantageous, for example, in order to achieve improved electrical and / or mechanical properties.

D.h. das Ablösemittel 6 weist einen Abschnitt 9 oder mehrere Abschnitte 9 auf, die sich abschnittsweise quer zur in den Figuren gestrichelt dargestellten Verbindungslinie zwischen dem Kontakt 2 und dem Anschlusskontakt 5 erstrecken, und die einen niedrigeren Leitwert aufweisen als andere Abschnitte des Ablösemittels, sodass der elektrische Widerstand des Ablösemittels 6 abhängig vom relativen Stromweg sich ändert.I.e. the detachment means 6 has a section 9 or a plurality of sections 9 which extend in sections transversely to the connecting line between the contact 2 and the terminal contact 5 shown in dashed lines in the figures, and which have a lower conductance than other sections of the detachment means, so that the electrical resistance of the release agent 6 changes depending on the relative current path.

In Ausführungsformen, wie sie in den Figuren 3 bis 5 dargestellt sind, kann zudem vorgesehen sein, dass die Abtrennvorrichtung A weiterhin ein elektrisches Abtrennmittel 10 aufweist, das den Anschlusskontakt 5 von dem Anschluss 2 des Varistors 1 elektrisch trennt, nachdem zunächst ein resistiv behinderter Stromfluss im Fehlerfall erreicht wurde. D.h. in Figur 5, die einen ausgelösten Zustand der Abtrennvorrichtung A zeigt, ist der Stromfluss nun nicht mehr möglich, da nunmehr der isolierende Keil 10 zwischen den Anschlusskontakt 5 und das ansonsten resistive Ablösemittel 6 geschoben ist.In embodiments as shown in the Figures 3 to 5 can also be provided that the disconnection device A further has an electrical disconnection means 10, which electrically disconnects the connection contact 5 from the connection 2 of the varistor 1 after a resistively impeded current flow has initially been achieved in the event of a fault. Ie in Figure 5 , which shows a tripped state of the disconnection device A, the current flow is no longer possible since the insulating wedge 10 is now pushed between the connection contact 5 and the otherwise resistive release means 6.

Ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit der Erfindung kann die erweichbare Halteeinrichtung 4 ein elektrisch leitfähiges Lot oder einen elektrisch leitfähiger Kleber aufweisen.Without restricting the generality of the invention, the softenable holding device 4 can have an electrically conductive solder or an electrically conductive adhesive.

In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Ablösemittel 6 weiterhin einen weiteren elektrischen Kontakt 11 aufweist, wobei der weitere elektrische Kontakt 11 so angeordnet ist, dass in Bezug auf den ersten Kontakt 2 und den Anschlusskontakt 5 mit dem resistiven Material des Ablösemittels 6 ein Spannungsteiler zur Verfügung gestellt wird.In an advantageous further development it can be provided that the detachment means 6 also has a further electrical contact 11, the further electrical contact 11 being arranged such that the resistive material of the detachment means 6 is in contact with the first contact 2 and the connection contact 5 Voltage divider is provided.

Innerhalb des Ablösemittels 6, das im Wesentlichen quer zur Stromflussrichtung angeordnet ist, bildet nunmehr der obere Teil des Ablösemittels 6 zwischen dem weiteren elektrischen Kontakt 11 und dem Anschlusskontakt 5 einen ersten Widerstand und zwischen dem ersten Anschluss 2 und dem weiteren elektrischen Kontakt 11 einen zweiten Widerstand. Somit steht an dem weiteren elektrischen Kontakt 11 ein Spannungsteiler zur Verfügung, so dass (z.B. auch nach dem Auslösen im Fehlerfall) eine Spannung an dem zusätzlichen Kontakt 11 zur Verfügung steht, die für weitere Funktionen wie Analyse und Signalisierung genutzt werden kann. In der Ausführungsform der Figuren 3 bis 5 ist dieser Spannungsteiler jedoch nur so lange von Relevanz, bis der Anschlusskontakt 5 von dem Anschluss 2 des Varistors 1 mittels des elektrischen Abtrennmittels 10 elektrisch getrennt wurde. D.h. in diesem Fall kann z.B. das Nichtanliegen einer Spannung am weiteren elektrischen Kontakt 11 als Zeichen der Abtrennung genutzt werden.Within the release means 6, which is arranged essentially transversely to the current flow direction, the upper part of the release means 6 now forms between the further electrical contact 11 and the connection contact 5 a first resistor and between the first connection 2 and the further electrical contact 11 a second resistor. A voltage divider is thus available at the further electrical contact 11, so that (for example even after tripping in the event of a fault) a voltage is available at the additional contact 11 which can be used for further functions such as analysis and signaling. In the embodiment of the Figures 3 to 5 However, this voltage divider is only relevant until the connection contact 5 has been electrically separated from the connection 2 of the varistor 1 by means of the electrical disconnection means 10. In this case, for example, the absence of a voltage at the further electrical contact 11 can be used as a sign of disconnection.

Ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit der Erfindung kann das resistive Verhalten des Ablösemittels 6 unterschiedlicher Natur sein. Insbesondere kann es neben einem linearen resistiven Verhalten auch ein nichtlineares resistives Verhalten aufweisen, beispielsweise kann das Ablösemittel 6 eine Varistor-artige Kennlinie oder eine Temperatur-abhängige Kennlinie, z.B. die eines PTC-Widerstandes, aufweisen.Without restricting the generality of the invention, the resistive behavior of the release agent 6 can be of different types. In particular, in addition to a linear resistive behavior, it can also have a non-linear resistive behavior, for example the release means 6 can have a varistor-like characteristic or a temperature-dependent characteristic, e.g. that of a PTC resistor.

D.h. die Erfindung schlägt vor die im Netz noch gespeicherte Energie nunmehr über einen gewissen Zeitraum abzubauen. Hierzu wird die Trennstelle nicht schlagartig von elektrisch leitend in einen hochohmigen Fall geändert, sondern die Erfindung lässt für einen gewissen Zeitraum, der durch die Zeit für die Verschiebung des Ablösemittels 6 bestimmbar ist, zu, dass weiterhin ein Strom fließt, wobei nun aber kein Lichtbogen mehr entsteht.I.e. The invention proposes to reduce the energy still stored in the network over a certain period of time. For this purpose, the separation point is not suddenly changed from electrically conductive to a high-resistance case, but the invention allows a current to continue flowing for a certain period of time, which can be determined by the time for the displacement of the release agent 6, but now no arc more arises.

Durch eine geeignete Gestaltung, z.B. durch den Einsatz geeigneter Werkstoffe, wie z.B. resistive Kunststoffe, kann ein geeigneter Widerstand auch in einem umgebenden Gehäuse, bzw. in und durch innen-liegende Gehäuse- oder mechanische Fixierkomponenten gebildet werden. Hierbei kann die notwendige elektrische Kontaktierung insbesondere auch durch Umspritzen von spannungsführenden Teilen mit resistiven Kunstoffen erfolgen.Through a suitable design, e.g. through the use of suitable materials, e.g. resistive plastics, a suitable resistor can also be formed in a surrounding housing, or in and by internal housing or mechanical fixing components. In this case, the necessary electrical contact can also be made, in particular, by overmolding live parts with resistive plastics.

Besonders Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn sich der Widerstand zwischen dem Anschlusskontakt 5 und dem ersten Anschluss 2 während der Trennung ändert, z.B. beginnend mit einem niedrigen Widerstand hin zu einem hohen Widerstand. Dieses kann z.B. durch Gleitkontakte oder durch Schieber realisiert werden. Dabei kann sichergestellt werden, dass gleichzeitig mit dem Öffnen der Trennstelle die ohmsche Kontaktierung wirkt, und somit der fließende Strom ohmsch begrenzt wird. Hierdurch kann die magnetische Energie abgebaut werden, so dass es nicht wie bei herkömmlichen Einrichtungen zu einem starken Anstieg der Spannung an der Trennstelle kommen kann.It is particularly advantageous if the resistance between the connection contact 5 and the first connection 2 changes during the separation, for example starting with a low resistance to a high resistance. This can be achieved, for example, by sliding contacts or by sliders. It can be ensured that the ohmic contact acts simultaneously with the opening of the separation point, and thus the flowing current is ohmically limited. As a result, the magnetic energy can be dissipated, so that the voltage at the separation point cannot increase sharply, as in conventional devices.

Je nach Ausführungsform wird dabei nur eine Begrenzung (Figur 1 und 2) des Stromes auf einen ungefährlichen Wert oder aber auch eine komplette Abtrennung (Figuren 3 bis 5) zur Verfügung gestellt.Depending on the embodiment, only one limitation ( Figure 1 and 2 ) of the current to a non-hazardous value or a complete separation ( Figures 3 to 5 ) made available.

Besonders vorteilhaft kann im Falle der Figuren 3 bis 5 der Widerstand bzw. der Widerstandsverlauf so gewählt sein, dass zum Zeitpunkt des Auftrennens mittels des Abtrennmittels 10 der Stromfluss bereits so weit reduziert ist, dass nunmehr eine Auftrennung ohne die Gefahr eines Lichtbogens bereitgestellt werden kann.Can be particularly advantageous in the case of Figures 3 to 5 the resistance or the resistance curve can be selected such that at the time of the disconnection by means of the disconnection means 10 the current flow is already reduced to such an extent that disconnection can now be provided without the risk of an arc.

Mittels der Erfindung ist es somit möglich den Varistor 1 (oder auch andere Überspannungsableiter wie z.B. Funkenstecken oder TVS-Dioden) in einen sicheren Zustand zu überführen ohne jedoch die Sicherheit und den weiteren Betrieb einer durch den Überspannungsableiter geschützten Anlage zu gefährden. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung wird der Designaufwand verringert und zugleich geringe Bauvolumina ermöglicht. Bezugszeichenliste Varistor 1 Erster Anschluss 2 Zweiter Anschluss 3 Halteeinrichtung 4 Anschlusskontakt 5 Ablösemittel 6 Kraftspeicher 7 Kraftspeicherauflager 8 Abschnitt 9 Elektrisches Abtrennmittel 10 Weiter elektrischer Kontakt 11 Abtrennvorrichtung A By means of the invention it is thus possible to bring the varistor 1 (or also other surge arresters such as spark plugs or TVS diodes) into a safe state without endangering the safety and further operation of a system protected by the surge arrester. The design effort is reduced by the configuration according to the invention and at the same time small construction volumes are made possible. Reference symbol list Varistor 1 First connection 2nd Second connection 3rd Holding device 4th Connection contact 5 Release agent 6 Lift mechanism 7 Lift mechanism support 8th section 9 Electrical release agent 10th Further electrical contact 11 Disconnecting device A

Claims (10)

  1. A varistor (1) with an isolating arrester (A), wherein the isolating arrester (A) is configured to interrupt the flow of current through the varistor (1) in the event of a fault, wherein the isolating arrester (A) has a terminal contact (5) that establishes an electrical contact to a first contact (2) of the varistor (1), wherein the electrical contact is protected by a thermally softenable holding device (4), wherein the isolating arrester (A) also has a detachment means (6) which is biased by means of an energy accumulator (7) and which, in the event of a fault, if the thermally softenable holding device (4) softens, mechanically disconnects the terminal contact (5) from the first contact (2) of the varistor (1), and wherein the detachment means (6) is resistive in order to limit the current through the varistor (1) and prevent electrical arcs.
  2. The varistor (1) as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the detachment means (6) achieves the disconnection through mechanical interpositioning and, in doing so, remains in permanent electrical contact with the first contact (2) and/or the terminal contact (5).
  3. The varistor (1) as set forth in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the external shape of the detachment means (6) is wedge-like at least in sections.
  4. The varistor (1) as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detachment means (6) comprises plastic and/or ceramic.
  5. The varistor (1) as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical resistance that is exerted on a current flow is dependent on the relative path of the detachment means (6) in relation to the first contact (2) of the varistor (1) and/or the terminal contact (5).
  6. The varistor (1) as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detachment means (6) comprise one or more sections that extend in part transversely to the connecting line between the first contact (2) and the terminal contact (5) and have a lower conductance than other portions, so that the electrical resistance of the detachment means (6) changes in accordance with the relative current path.
  7. The varistor (1) as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the isolating arrester (A) also has an electrical disconnection means (10) that electrically disconnects the terminal contact (5) from the contact (2) of the varistor (1) after a resistively impeded current flow has initially been reached in the event of a fault.
  8. The varistor (1) as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the softenable holding device (4) comprises an electrically conductive solder or an electrically conductive adhesive.
  9. The varistor (1) as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detachment means (A) also has an additional electrical contact (11), with the additional electrical contact (11) being arranged such that a voltage divider is made available in relation to the first contact (2) and the terminal contact (5) with the resistive material of the detachment means (6).
  10. The varistor (1) as set forth in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detachment means (6) comprise a nonlinear resistive behavior.
EP16748065.6A 2015-07-13 2016-07-13 Varistor with separating device Active EP3323131B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015213050.9A DE102015213050A1 (en) 2015-07-13 2015-07-13 Varistor with a separator
PCT/EP2016/066580 WO2017009355A1 (en) 2015-07-13 2016-07-13 Varistor comprising a disconnecting device

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EP3323131A1 EP3323131A1 (en) 2018-05-23
EP3323131B1 true EP3323131B1 (en) 2020-06-17

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CN (1) CN107820632B (en)
DE (1) DE102015213050A1 (en)
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US11557451B1 (en) * 2021-12-07 2023-01-17 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation High voltage high current fuse with arc interrupter

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WO2017009355A1 (en) 2017-01-19
US10229774B2 (en) 2019-03-12
CN107820632A (en) 2018-03-20
EP3323131A1 (en) 2018-05-23
CN107820632B (en) 2019-07-23
US20180190414A1 (en) 2018-07-05
DE102015213050A1 (en) 2017-01-19

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