EP2070169B1 - Overvoltage arrester having at least one arresting element, particularly a varistor, and having a disconnect device - Google Patents

Overvoltage arrester having at least one arresting element, particularly a varistor, and having a disconnect device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2070169B1
EP2070169B1 EP08838567A EP08838567A EP2070169B1 EP 2070169 B1 EP2070169 B1 EP 2070169B1 EP 08838567 A EP08838567 A EP 08838567A EP 08838567 A EP08838567 A EP 08838567A EP 2070169 B1 EP2070169 B1 EP 2070169B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor section
overvoltage arrester
stop device
arrester according
varistor
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP08838567A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2070169A1 (en
Inventor
Arnd Ehrhardt
Stefanie Schreiter
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Dehn SE and Co KG
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Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
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Priority claimed from DE102008049472A external-priority patent/DE102008049472A1/en
Application filed by Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Dehn and Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2070169A1 publication Critical patent/EP2070169A1/en
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Publication of EP2070169B1 publication Critical patent/EP2070169B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester having at least one diverting element, in particular a varistor, as well as a separating device for disconnecting and / or shorting the diverting element (s), the diverting device comprising a melting point, in particular soldering point, which enters the electrical connection path inside the diverter Ableiters is involved, wherein on the melting a movable conductor portion with the respective Ableitelement on the one hand and the conductor portion on the other hand connected to a first outer terminal, and a biasing force generating means, in particular a spring, wherein the force vector acts directly or indirectly on the conductor portion in the separation direction , further comprising a conductive element whose first end is in communication with a second external electrical connection and whose second end is brought into contact with the conductor section, according to the preamble of the patent claims chs 1, and out DE-A-3318 588 known.
  • Surge arresters based on varistors generally have an internal disconnecting device in the low-voltage range. This separation device
  • the DE 42 41 311 C2 and the DE 38 05 889 C2 show such typical separation devices with bottleneck and solder joint.
  • the thermal separation function is often realized here by a solder connection between the varistor and a movable, spring-loaded connector.
  • the varistor can be separated from the network by an external or internal switch.
  • disconnecting devices with short-circuit function wherein in the separated or triggered switching state of the separator of the current path through the defective diverter is in short circuit such that the current commutates from the diverter to a switched bypass, are known.
  • the low-resistance short circuit path thus connected may be e.g. be used to actuate an existing switching element, which is set to the short-circuit current of the relevant network, or to produce a defined continuous short circuit, which is defined in certain applications as a so-called fail-safe state.
  • the switching element is a changeover contact.
  • the changeover contact closes the varistor circuit in a known manner via a soldering point. If the switching element is triggered, another contact is closed, which can be connected as either an internal or external defect indicator or just via a corresponding external connection as a short circuit.
  • a fuse in the event that fails after a failure of a first varistor switched redundant second varistor is, according to DE 41 24 321 C2 It is to separate the redundant varistor either by opening a switch in the cross-current path or by opening the switch in the longitudinal current path of the voltage. This will be simultaneous the system to be protected is disconnected from the mains and protected against harmful overvoltages. Alternatively, it should also be possible to bridge the cross-current path by shorting an additional switch, so that ultimately the protected system is short-circuited. The opening of this necessary switch can be done synchronously via a common operation. If disconnection and / or short-circuiting of the system to be protected is not desired, the function of the aforementioned switch can be canceled by manually inserting a bypass or removing such a means. Basically, however, the arrangement of additional switches for the short circuit in either the longitudinal or transverse current path is required, which limits the effort in the already limited space of an in-housing surge arrester.
  • a further developed surge arrester with at least one diverting element, in particular a varistor, and with a separating device, on the one hand, a thermally realizable separation of the at least one diverting element can be made, but also the possibility of further energetic , in particular thermal load to cause the short circuit case.
  • the surge arrester should hereby have a simple and inexpensive construction and still ensure high security for different applications.
  • the separation device should disconnect the surge arrester automatically and as needed in the event of a fault, or bring about a desired short circuit, without the need for prior activation measures, such as a manual intervention or the like.
  • the essence of the invention is that in the path of movement of the movable conductor portion between the melting point, in particular a solder joint, and a counter-contact conductive element forming a thermally triggered stopper is located, which realizes a staggered operation in terms of separation and shorting of the respective diverter.
  • the geometric distance from the fixed outer terminal of the varistor is sufficient for the usual separation. If there is an error case in which the separating device can not safely interrupt the current and an arc between the fixed terminal of the varistor and the movable switching tongue, ie the conductor portion arises or remains, which corresponds to an additional heat input, the stopping effect is lifted and the movable Ladder section can move to the final position.
  • This end position consists of the conductive element, ie of a potential-negative mating contact, whereby the varistor and the disconnecting device are short-circuited.
  • the surge arrester can thus be protected against mechanical destruction or fire, even with heavy overload and a possible excessive demand of its separating device. In such cases of failure, the response of an overcurrent protection device and even the loss of the mains supply to a potentially severe damage to electrical equipment is acceptable.
  • the stop means may be thermally conductively connected to the respective discharge element and made of a temperature-sensitive material, such as solder, wax or plastic.
  • stop device on or on the conductor section and / or the conductive element, in this case made of an insulating material.
  • the stopping means may, in one embodiment of the invention, be in the form of a bolt, a cone, a truncated cone, a sphere or a pyramid or the like of a similar geometrical shape.
  • the stop means may be located on the conductive element in one embodiment of the invention, wherein the conductor portion has a stop or a guide opening.
  • the guide opening may here have a diameter which is smaller than the average diameter of the cone, truncated cone or the diagonal of the pyramid.
  • the stopping means may also consist of a film or foil layer, e.g. is located on the conductor portion and / or the conductive element and melts under thermal load and thus produces a conductive connection.
  • the film can be under mechanical prestress, so that in the case of thermal stress, a fast and safe removal of the film is possible.
  • the conductor section has a thermally sensitive constriction or a predetermined separation point.
  • the conductor section melts at this bottleneck or predetermined breaking point and, even bypassing the stop device, can immediately and thus quickly establish a connection between conductor section and conductive element, i. produce the desired short circuit.
  • the stop device itself can consist of a thermally sensitive material or be fastened to the respective discharge device by means of such a material.
  • the stopping means and / or the fixing material for this device has a higher heat capacity or a higher melting point than the melting point for the thermal separating device designed according to the known state of the art.
  • a varistor 1 is connected in series with a separator 2.
  • the separating device 2 consists of a movable connecting piece or a movable conductor section 3.
  • the movable conductor section 3 comprises a constriction 4 and a fusible link 5 toward a terminal contact 6.
  • the reference numeral 7 denotes a varistor connection.
  • a force vector F acts on the movable conductor section 3. If the temperature of the varistor 1 in the region of its terminal 6 reaches the temperature corresponding to the melting temperature of the solder at the soldering point 5, then the conductor section 3 moves away from the terminal 6 and interrupts the current flow through the varistor 1, which is the dashed position of the switch to Fig. 1 , left part, corresponds.
  • the Fig. 2 shows an example of a first embodiment of the teaching according to the invention with a stop device 9, which is located in the path of movement between the conductor section 3 and a conductive element 10.
  • the conductive element 10 is electrically connected to the mating contact 7.1 of the varistor 1.
  • the stopper 9 may consist in one embodiment of a blocking pin which is fixed with a temperature-sensitive material on the surface of the varistor 1.
  • the image sequence from left to right according to Fig. 2 to 6 shows, on the one hand, the position in the normal state of the surge arrester, the position with the disconnector (ATV) open and, finally, the position in the event of a short circuit.
  • the varistor 1 If the varistor 1 is thermally overloaded, first the melting or soldering point 5 opens and there is a movement of the movable conductor section 3 up to the stop-stop with the stop device 9 using the force F.
  • the stop device on the one hand itself may consist of a temperature-sensitive material, for example, designed as a film made of low-melting plastic or designed as a conical stopper of a low-melting plastic or wax.
  • a temperature-sensitive material for example, designed as a film made of low-melting plastic or designed as a conical stopper of a low-melting plastic or wax.
  • any element with low heat capacity which has been attached by a temperature-sensitive material, can be used.
  • conductive element 10 contact piece
  • the separating device behaves in a known manner.
  • the solder connection is opened by melting between the movable conductor section and the fixed varistor connection, as a result of the heating of the varistor 1.
  • the conductor section 3 moves as far as the stop device 9 as a result of the spring force F, producing a safe separation point.
  • the separating device is now not overloaded in terms of their switching capacity.
  • the realization of a short circuit or the further movement of the switching tongue is not necessary. In this case, a pure fail-open behavior of the varistor is sufficient.
  • the switching capacity of the separating device is not sufficient to safely extinguish a resulting arc, further measures are necessary.
  • the behavior of the varistor automatically changes from a fail-open to a fail-short behavior.
  • the range of movement of the conductor section can be extended and on the other hand the force effect on the stop device according to the invention or an insulating intermediate layer or foil can be increased.
  • the additional power system may alternatively used to move the conductor portion also for movement of the stopper or the film (not shown). Again, only the ongoing current flow with corresponding heating is used.
  • the stopper is directly thermally connected by means of a temperature-sensitive material such as solder or wax with the varistor 1, a vote between the thermal behavior of the separating device and the stopper 9 is necessary.
  • the staggering can now be carried out so that the thermally sensitive material of the separation device (melting point 5) has a lower heat capacity and / or a lower melting temperature than that of the stop device 9.
  • the separating device first opens. In a further increase to a temperature which is greater than the first temperature, then melts the temperature-sensitive material, which fixes the stopper 9. The stopper then loses its mechanical connection to the varistor and clears the way for further execution of the movement of the conductor portion.
  • the energy required for melting the connection between the stop device 9 and the varistor 1 can arise on the one hand by a further heating of the varistor, but also by the arc which has arisen due to the opening between the varistor connection 6 and the movable conductor section 3.
  • the separating device due to the spring force F can get to the opposite pole contact piece 10 (conductive element) and contact this.
  • the resulting short-circuit causes the arc to be extinguished and the upstream overcurrent protection device can safely switch off the fault current.
  • the staggered behavior of the separating device can be realized not only via a stop device, but also via a insulating film 11, which is located directly on the conductive element 10.
  • the severing device or the conductor section 3 is then moved to the opposite pole contact piece, ie the conductive element 10.
  • the film 11 thereon ensures sufficient insulation. Upon further energy input, the film melts and releases the conductive element 10, so that the desired short circuit can occur. This energy input can either continue to be supplied through the varistor or through an arc.
  • the removal of the insulating film can also be accomplished by means such as e.g. melting waxes, bimetals or the like, which assist in pulling away or pushing away the film, are accelerated. Also, the film itself can be biased by means of a spring force.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which a lower energy input is sufficient to release the movement of the conductor portion 3.
  • an insulating cone 12 is located on the conductive element 10.
  • the conductor section 3 first strikes the tip of the insulating cone 12 If a safe separation point could not be produced and a further energy input takes place, the insulation cone 12 or a temperature-sensitive surface coating arranged on it melts. This reduces the diameter of the insulating cone 12 and the residual volume of the insulating cone 12 can pass through the aforementioned opening, whereby in the end a short circuit between the conductor section 3 and the conductive element 10 can be produced again.
  • the conductive element 10 can also be designed such that the remaining part of the conductor section 3 that has not yet been burned off forms a short-circuit directly.
  • the conductor section 3 can be provided with further functional aids, which allow an analogous function.
  • the conductor section 3 here has a current-sensitive or thermally sensitive constriction 4, which allows for a further heating due to the current flow, the arc and so on a defined separation of the conductor section 3 in order to realize the short circuit with the remaining portion.
  • the separating device or the conductor section 3, but also the stop device can have a bimetallic function, which on the one hand allows the cancellation of the stop function and on the other hand supports the movement of the conductor section. Also, another force can be abruptly applied to the ladder section to overcome the effect of the stopper. This can e.g. take place via a prestressed spring whose power is released only in further heating of the varistor or heating in certain areas of the arrester or the feeders.
  • the functional stop function is determined by reaching the end position of the spring 13.
  • the conductor section 3 is further deflected due to the bimetallic properties to the potential-charged mating contact (conductive element 10) and thus forms the short circuit.
  • the short-circuit path can also have an activation independent of the disconnecting arm and additionally use heat generated in the region of the separating device.
  • attachment of a retaining wire to the stop device 9 would be possible.
  • the turn-off characteristic of the separating device varies depending on the error intensity.
  • an opening function takes place up to a first position. Only with a further input of energy then the movable conductor section is transferred to a second position, whereby a short circuit of the arrester can be realized.
  • the additional energy input can be introduced by further heating of the varistor directly and / or by a resulting arc.
  • the conductor section 3 can immediately go into short-circuit with the conductive element 12, for which purpose a bottleneck or predetermined separation point is provided in or on the conductor section.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Überspannungsableiter mit mindestens einem Ableitelement, insbesondere einem Varistor, sowie mit einer Abtrennvorrichtung, um das oder die Ableitelemente vom Netz zu trennen und/oder kurzzuschließen, wobei die Abtrennvorrichtung eine Schmelzstelle, insbesondere Lötstelle umfasst, welche in den elektrischen Anschlusspfad innerhalb des Ableiters eingebunden ist, wobei über die Schmelzstelle ein beweglicher Leiterabschnitt mit dem jeweiligen Ableitelement einerseits und der Leiterabschnitt andererseits mit einem ersten Außenanschluss verbunden ist, sowie ein eine Vorspannkraft erzeugendes Mittel, insbesondere eine Feder, wobei der Kraftvektor mittelbar oder unmittelbar auf den Leiterabschnitt in Abtrennrichtung wirkt, weiterhin umfassend ein leitfähiges Element, dessen erstes Ende mit einem zweiten elektrischen Außenanschluss in Verbindung steht und dessen zweites Ende mit dem Leiterabschnitt in Kontakt bringbar ist, gemäß Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1, und aus DE-A-3318 588 bekannt.
Überspannungsableiter auf der Basis von Varistoren besitzen im Niederspannungsbereich im Allgemeinen eine interne Abtrennvorrichtung. Diese Abtrennvorrichtung besteht häufig aus einer Kombination einer thermischen Abtrennvorrichtung und einer Sollbruchstelle für höhere Ströme.The invention relates to a surge arrester having at least one diverting element, in particular a varistor, as well as a separating device for disconnecting and / or shorting the diverting element (s), the diverting device comprising a melting point, in particular soldering point, which enters the electrical connection path inside the diverter Ableiters is involved, wherein on the melting a movable conductor portion with the respective Ableitelement on the one hand and the conductor portion on the other hand connected to a first outer terminal, and a biasing force generating means, in particular a spring, wherein the force vector acts directly or indirectly on the conductor portion in the separation direction , further comprising a conductive element whose first end is in communication with a second external electrical connection and whose second end is brought into contact with the conductor section, according to the preamble of the patent claims chs 1, and out DE-A-3318 588 known.
Surge arresters based on varistors generally have an internal disconnecting device in the low-voltage range. This separation device often consists of a combination of a thermal separation device and a predetermined breaking point for higher currents.

Die DE 42 41 311 C2 und die DE 38 05 889 C2 zeigen derartige typische Abtrennvorrichtungen mit Engstelle und Lotverbindung.The DE 42 41 311 C2 and the DE 38 05 889 C2 show such typical separation devices with bottleneck and solder joint.

Die thermische Abtrennfunktion wird hierbei häufig von einer Lotverbindung zwischen dem Varistor und einem beweglichen, unter Federvorspannung stehenden Anschlussstück realisiert. Bei Alterung des Varistors oder bei einem lang andauernden geringen Überspannungsfall führen die verhältnismäßig kleinen Leckströme zu einer unzulässigen Erwärmung des Varistors, wodurch die Lotstelle schmilzt und der Varistor durch die Bewegung des beweglichen Anschlussstücks vom Netz getrennt wird.The thermal separation function is often realized here by a solder connection between the varistor and a movable, spring-loaded connector. With aging of the varistor or a long lasting low surge case, the relatively small leakage currents lead to an undue heating of the varistor, whereby the Lotstelle melts and the varistor is separated by the movement of the movable connector from the network.

Weiterhin sind Anordnungen bekannt, bei welchen der Varistor durch einen externen oder internen Schalter vom Netz trennbar ist. Verwiesen sei hier beispielsweise auf die EP 1 447 831 A1 oder die EP 0 862 255 A1 .Furthermore, arrangements are known in which the varistor can be separated from the network by an external or internal switch. Reference is made, for example, to the EP 1 447 831 A1 or the EP 0 862 255 A1 ,

Auch Abtrennvorrichtungen mit Kurzschlussfunktion, wobei im aufgetrennten bzw. ausgelösten Schaltzustand der Abtrennvorrichtung der Strompfad über das defekte Ableitelement sich im Kurzschluss befindet derart, dass der Strom vom Ableitelement auf einen geschalteten Bypass kommutiert, sind bekannt.Also disconnecting devices with short-circuit function, wherein in the separated or triggered switching state of the separator of the current path through the defective diverter is in short circuit such that the current commutates from the diverter to a switched bypass, are known.

Der so geschaltete niederohmige Kurzschlusspfad kann z.B. dazu genutzt werden, ein vorhandenes Schaltelement, welches auf den Kurzschlussstrom des betreffenden Netzes eingestellt ist, zu betätigen, oder aber einen definierten Dauerkurzschluss zu erzeugen, der bei bestimmten Anwendungen als sogenannter Fail-Safe-Zustand definiert ist.The low-resistance short circuit path thus connected may be e.g. be used to actuate an existing switching element, which is set to the short-circuit current of the relevant network, or to produce a defined continuous short circuit, which is defined in certain applications as a so-called fail-safe state.

Dieser Stand der Technik ist beispielsweise in der EP 0 860 927 A1 erläutert. In dieser Druckschrift ist eine sehr aufwendige elektromechanische Einrichtung beschrieben, die den Strom über einen Varistor überwacht und welche nach Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Grenzwerts den Kurzschluss im Bypass zum Varistorpfad über elektromechanische Kontakte schaltet.This prior art is for example in the EP 0 860 927 A1 explained. In this document, a very complicated electromechanical device is described, which monitors the current through a varistor and which switches after exceeding a predetermined limit, the short circuit in the bypass to Varistorpfad via electromechanical contacts.

Gemäß der DE 37 34 214 C2 gehört eine thermisch auslösbare Abtrennvorrichtung zum Stand der Technik, deren schaltendes Element einen Wechselkontakt darstellt. Der Wechselkontakt schließt den Varistorkreis in bekannter Weise über eine Lotstelle. Wird das Schaltelement ausgelöst, wird ein weiterer Kontakt geschlossen, der entweder als interne oder eine externe Defektanzeige oder eben über eine entsprechende externe Verbindung als Kurzschluss verschaltet werden kann.According to the DE 37 34 214 C2 includes a thermally triggered separation device of the prior art, the switching element is a changeover contact. The changeover contact closes the varistor circuit in a known manner via a soldering point. If the switching element is triggered, another contact is closed, which can be connected as either an internal or external defect indicator or just via a corresponding external connection as a short circuit.

Eine Sicherung für den Fall, dass ein nach Ausfall eines ersten Varistors zugeschalteter redundanter zweiter Varistor ausfällt, besteht gemäß DE 41 24 321 C2 darin, den redundanten Varistor entweder durch Öffnen eines Schalters im Querstrompfad oder aber auch durch Öffnen des Schalters im Längsstrompfad von der Spannung zu trennen. Hierdurch wird gleichzeitig das zu schützende System vom Netz getrennt und vor schädlichen Überspannungen geschützt. Alternativ soll es auch möglich sein, durch Kurzschließen eines zusätzlichen Schalters den Querstrompfad zu überbrücken, so dass letztendlich das geschützte System kurzgeschlossen ist. Das Öffnen dieses notwendigen Schalters kann über eine gemeinsame Betätigung synchron erfolgen. Falls ein Abschalten und/oder Kurzschließen des zu schützenden Systems nicht erwünscht ist, kann die Funktion des vorerwähnten Schalters durch manuelles Einsetzen einer Überbrückung oder Entfernen eines solchen Mittels aufgehoben werden. Grundsätzlich ist jedoch die Anordnung von zusätzlichen Schaltern für den Kurzschluss entweder im Längs- oder Querstrompfad erforderlich, was den Aufwand beim ohnehin begrenzten Bauraum eines in einem Gehäuse befindlichen Überspannungsableiters einschränkt.A fuse in the event that fails after a failure of a first varistor switched redundant second varistor is, according to DE 41 24 321 C2 It is to separate the redundant varistor either by opening a switch in the cross-current path or by opening the switch in the longitudinal current path of the voltage. This will be simultaneous the system to be protected is disconnected from the mains and protected against harmful overvoltages. Alternatively, it should also be possible to bridge the cross-current path by shorting an additional switch, so that ultimately the protected system is short-circuited. The opening of this necessary switch can be done synchronously via a common operation. If disconnection and / or short-circuiting of the system to be protected is not desired, the function of the aforementioned switch can be canceled by manually inserting a bypass or removing such a means. Basically, however, the arrangement of additional switches for the short circuit in either the longitudinal or transverse current path is required, which limits the effort in the already limited space of an in-housing surge arrester.

Grundsätzlich besteht das Problem, in Überlastfällen, bei denen ein hoher Fehlerstrom durch die Abtrennvorrichtung unterbrochen werden soll, bzw. die Versorgungsspannung stark erhöht ist, dass das Schaltvermögen der Abtrennvorrichtung überschritten wird, so dass eine Abschaltung nicht möglich ist. Der entstehende Lichtbogen zwischen der Schaltzunge und einem festen Anschlussstück des Varistors als Ableitelement kann nicht gelöscht werden.
Dieser lang andauernde Energieeintrag in den Überspannungsableiter kann zum Abbrand der Anschlussteile sowie letztendlich zur Zerstörung des Ableiters und auch zu Folgeschäden in der zu schützenden Anlage führen. In derartigen Fällen ist die Realisierung eines Kurzschlusses des Ableiters sicherer, da die zugeordneten Überstromschutzeinrichtungen (Sicherungen) ein vielfach höheres Schaltvermögen besitzen als übliche Abtrennvorrichtungen auf thermischer Basis.Basically, there is the problem in overload cases in which a high fault current is to be interrupted by the separating device, or the supply voltage is greatly increased, that the switching capacity of the separating device is exceeded, so that a shutdown is not possible. The resulting arc between the switching tongue and a fixed connection piece of the varistor as a diverting element can not be deleted.
This long-lasting energy input into the surge arrester can lead to the burning of the connecting parts and ultimately to the destruction of the arrester and also to consequential damage in the system to be protected. In such cases, the realization of a short circuit of the arrester is safer, since the associated overcurrent protection devices (fuses) have a much higher switching capacity than conventional thermally-based severing devices.

Aus dem Vorgenannten ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen weiterentwickelten Überspannungsableiter mit mindestens einem Ableitelement, insbesondere einem Varistor, sowie mit einer Abtrennvorrichtung anzugeben, wobei einerseits ein thermisch realisierbares Abtrennen des mindestens einen Ableitelements vorgenommen werden kann, jedoch auch die Möglichkeit besteht, bei weiterer energetischer, insbesondere thermischer Belastung den Kurzschlussfall herbeizuführen. Der Überspannungsableiter soll hierbei eine einfache und kostengünstige Konstruktion besitzen und dennoch eine hohe Sicherheit für unterschiedliche Anwendungsfälle gewährleisten. Die Abtrennvorrichtung soll selbsttätig und bedarfsgerecht im Fehlerfall den Überspannungsableiter abtrennen bzw. einen gewünschten Kurzschluss herbeiführen, ohne dass vorab Aktivierungsmaßnahmen, wie z.B. ein händischer Eingriff oder dergleichen vorgenommen werden muss.From the foregoing, it is an object of the invention to provide a further developed surge arrester with at least one diverting element, in particular a varistor, and with a separating device, on the one hand, a thermally realizable separation of the at least one diverting element can be made, but also the possibility of further energetic , in particular thermal load to cause the short circuit case. The surge arrester should hereby have a simple and inexpensive construction and still ensure high security for different applications. The separation device should disconnect the surge arrester automatically and as needed in the event of a fault, or bring about a desired short circuit, without the need for prior activation measures, such as a manual intervention or the like.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe der Erfindung erfolgt gemäß der Merkmalskombination nach Patentanspruch 1, wobei die Unteransprüche mindestens zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen darstellen.The object of the invention is achieved according to the combination of features according to claim 1, wherein the dependent claims represent at least expedient refinements and developments.

Der Kerngedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, dass im Bewegungsweg des beweglichen Leiterabschnitts zwischen der Schmelzstelle, insbesondere einer Lötstelle, und einem einen Gegenkontakt bildenden leitfähigen Element eine thermisch auslösbare Stoppeinrichtung befindlich ist, welche eine gestaffelte Funktionsweise hinsichtlich Abtrennen und Kurzschließen des jeweiligen Ableitelements realisiert.The essence of the invention is that in the path of movement of the movable conductor portion between the melting point, in particular a solder joint, and a counter-contact conductive element forming a thermally triggered stopper is located, which realizes a staggered operation in terms of separation and shorting of the respective diverter.

Ausgehend vom Stand der Technik bekannter Abtrennvorrichtungen wird diese so gestaltet, dass die Bewegung des beweglichen Anschlussteils, d.h. des Leiterabschnitts, bei einer Auslösung und im Überlastfall durch die Stoppeinrichtung vor dem Erreichen der maximalen möglichen Endposition unterbrochen wird.Based on known in the art separation devices this is designed so that the movement of the movable connection part, i. of the conductor section, is interrupted in a release and in case of overload by the stop means before reaching the maximum possible end position.

Der geometrische Abstand vom festen Außenanschluss des Varistors ist für die übliche Abtrennung hinreichend. Liegt ein Fehlerfall vor, bei welchem die Abtrennvorrichtung den Strom nicht sicher unterbrechen kann und ein Lichtbogen zwischen dem festen Anschluss des Varistors und der beweglichen Schaltzunge, d.h. des Leiterabschnitts entsteht oder bestehen bleibt, was einem zusätzlichen Wärmeeintrag entspricht, wird die Stoppwirkung aufgehoben und der bewegliche Leiterabschnitt kann sich in die Endposition bewegen. Diese Endposition besteht aus dem leitfähigen Element, d.h. aus einem potentialbehafteten Gegenkontakt, wodurch der Varistor und die Abtrennvorrichtung kurzgeschlossen werden.The geometric distance from the fixed outer terminal of the varistor is sufficient for the usual separation. If there is an error case in which the separating device can not safely interrupt the current and an arc between the fixed terminal of the varistor and the movable switching tongue, ie the conductor portion arises or remains, which corresponds to an additional heat input, the stopping effect is lifted and the movable Ladder section can move to the final position. This end position consists of the conductive element, ie of a potential-negative mating contact, whereby the varistor and the disconnecting device are short-circuited.

Die Abschaltung des Kurzschlusses und somit die Abtrennung des Überspannungsableiters vom Netz übernimmt in an sich bekannter Weise eine vorgeschaltete Überstromschutzeinrichtung, insbesondere eine Sicherung.The shutdown of the short circuit and thus the separation of the surge arrester from the network takes over in a conventional manner an upstream overcurrent protection device, in particular a fuse.

Mit der vorstehend beschriebenen Lehre ist eine gestaffelte Funktionsweise der Schutzeinrichtung des Überspannungsableiters möglich, indem zuerst eine übliche Abtrennung des Varistors, welche in zahlreichen Fehlerfällen vollkommen ausreichend ist, realisiert und erst bei Bedarf, nämlich bei einer Überschreitung des Schaltvermögens der Abtrennvorrichtung, also in schwerwiegenden Fehlerfällen, der gesamte Überspannungsableiter kurzgeschlossen wird.With the teaching described above, a staggered operation of the protective device of the surge arrester is possible by first a usual separation of the varistor, which is completely sufficient in many cases of error, implemented and only when needed, namely when the switching capacity of the separator, so in serious cases of error , the entire surge arrester is shorted.

Der Überspannungsableiter kann somit auch bei starker Überlastung und bei einer möglichen Überforderung seiner Abtrennvorrichtung vor mechanischer Zerstörung oder Brandentstehung geschützt werden. Bei solchen Fehlerfällen ist das Ansprechen einer Überstromschutzeinrichtung und selbst der Verlust der Netzversorgung gegenüber einer möglicherweise starken Beschädigung von elektrotechnischen Anlagen akzeptabel.The surge arrester can thus be protected against mechanical destruction or fire, even with heavy overload and a possible excessive demand of its separating device. In such cases of failure, the response of an overcurrent protection device and even the loss of the mains supply to a potentially severe damage to electrical equipment is acceptable.

Die Stoppeinrichtung kann wärmeleitend mit dem jeweiligen Ableitelement verbunden sein und aus einem temperatursensiblen Material, wie Lot, Wachs oder Kunststoff bestehen.The stop means may be thermally conductively connected to the respective discharge element and made of a temperature-sensitive material, such as solder, wax or plastic.

Es besteht die Möglichkeit, die Stoppeinrichtung an oder auf dem Leiterabschnitt und/oder dem leitfähigen Element anzuordnen und in diesem Fall aus einem isolierenden Material auszuführen.It is possible to arrange the stop device on or on the conductor section and / or the conductive element, in this case made of an insulating material.

Die Stoppeinrichtung kann bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung die Form eines Bolzens, eines Kegels, eines Kegelstumpfs, einer Kugel oder einer Pyramide oder einer dergleichen ähnlichen geometrischen Gestalt aufweisen.The stopping means may, in one embodiment of the invention, be in the form of a bolt, a cone, a truncated cone, a sphere or a pyramid or the like of a similar geometrical shape.

Die Stoppeinrichtung kann bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung auf dem leitfähigen Element befindlich sein, wobei der Leiterabschnitt einen Anschlag oder eine Führungsöffnung besitzt.The stop means may be located on the conductive element in one embodiment of the invention, wherein the conductor portion has a stop or a guide opening.

Die Führungsöffnung kann hier einen Durchmesser besitzen, der kleiner als der mittlere Durchmesser des Kegels, Kegelstumpfs oder die Diagonale der Pyramide ist. Mit dem thermisch bedingten Aufschmelzen der Stoppeinrichtung oder eines auf dieser befindlichen Überzugs wird die Stoppeinrichtung von der Führungsöffnung aufgenommen, so dass der Leiterabschnitt letztendlich in Kontakt mit dem leitfähigen Element gelangt.The guide opening may here have a diameter which is smaller than the average diameter of the cone, truncated cone or the diagonal of the pyramid. With the thermally induced melting of the stop device or of a coating located thereon, the stop device is received by the guide opening, so that the conductor section ultimately comes into contact with the conductive element.

Die Stoppeinrichtung kann auch aus einer Folie oder einer Folienschicht bestehen, die sich z.B. auf dem Leiterabschnitt und/oder dem leitfähigen Element befindet und die bei thermischer Last schmilzt und damit eine leitfähige Verbindung herstellt. Zusätzlich kann die Folie unter mechanischer Vorspannung stehen, so dass im Fall der thermischen Belastung ein schnelles und sicheres Entfernen der Folie möglich wird.The stopping means may also consist of a film or foil layer, e.g. is located on the conductor portion and / or the conductive element and melts under thermal load and thus produces a conductive connection. In addition, the film can be under mechanical prestress, so that in the case of thermal stress, a fast and safe removal of the film is possible.

Ergänzend besteht die Möglichkeit, dass der Leiterabschnitt eine thermisch sensible Engstelle oder eine Solltrennstelle aufweist. Im Fall eines sehr starken Lichtbogens schmilzt der Leiterabschnitt an dieser Engstelle oder Solltrennstelle und kann auch unter Umgehung der Stoppeinrichtung sofort und damit schnell eine Verbindung zwischen Leiterabschnitt und leitfähigem Element, d.h. den gewünschten Kurzschluss herstellen.In addition, there is the possibility that the conductor section has a thermally sensitive constriction or a predetermined separation point. In the case of a very strong arc, the conductor section melts at this bottleneck or predetermined breaking point and, even bypassing the stop device, can immediately and thus quickly establish a connection between conductor section and conductive element, i. produce the desired short circuit.

Auch besteht die Möglichkeit, den Leiterabschnitt aus einem Bimetall auszuführen, um die Bewegung und Überwindung der Reststrecke bis zum Kurzschluss sicherzustellen bzw. zu verbessern.It is also possible to carry out the conductor section of a bimetal in order to ensure or improve the movement and overcoming the remaining distance to the short circuit.

Grundsätzlich kann die Stoppeinrichtung selbst aus einem thermisch sensiblen Material bestehen oder mittels eines derartigen Materials an der jeweiligen Ableiteinrichtung befestigt werden.In principle, the stop device itself can consist of a thermally sensitive material or be fastened to the respective discharge device by means of such a material.

Die Stoppeinrichtung und/oder das Befestigungsmaterial für diese Einrichtung weist eine höhere Wärmekapazität oder einen höheren Schmelzpunkt als die Schmelzstelle für die thermische Abtrennvorrichtung, die gemäß dem bekannten Stand der Technik gestaltet ist, auf.The stopping means and / or the fixing material for this device has a higher heat capacity or a higher melting point than the melting point for the thermal separating device designed according to the known state of the art.

Die Erfindung soll nachstehend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen sowie unter Zuhilfenahme von Figuren näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments and with the aid of figures.

Hierbei zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine elektrische Verschaltung einer Abtrennvorrichtung und eine mechanische Ausführungsform einer derartigen Abtrennvorrichtung gemäß dem Stand der Technik;
  • Fig. 2 eine erste Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit einer Stoppeinrichtung als bewegungsbegrenzendem Element, das in thermischem Kontakt mit einem Varistor steht;
  • Fig. 3 eine Ausführungsform der Stoppeinrichtung in Form einer thermisch sensiblen Isolationsfolie, die auf dem leitfähigen Element angeordnet ist;
  • Fig. 4 eine Ausführungsform der Stoppeinrichtung in Form eines Isolationskegels, der auf dem leitfähigen Element befindlich ist;
  • Fig. 5 eine Lösung ähnlich derjenigen nach Fig. 1, jedoch mit zusätzlicher Engstelle oder Solltrennstelle im beweglichen Leiterabschnitt für den Fall bei extremen Ãœberlastungen und
  • Fig. 6 eine Ausführungsform mit einem beweglichen Leiterabschnitt, der zusätzlich eine Bimetallfunktion zur Bewegungsunterstützung besitzt.
Hereby show:
  • Fig. 1 an electrical interconnection of a separation device and a mechanical embodiment of such a separation device according to the prior art;
  • Fig. 2 a first embodiment of the invention with a stopper as a movement-limiting element, which is in thermal contact with a varistor;
  • Fig. 3 an embodiment of the stop means in the form of a thermally sensitive insulating film, which is arranged on the conductive element;
  • Fig. 4 an embodiment of the stopper in the form of an insulating cone, which is located on the conductive element;
  • Fig. 5 a solution similar to the one after Fig. 1 , but with additional bottleneck or break point in the movable ladder section for the case of extreme overloads and
  • Fig. 6 an embodiment with a movable conductor portion, which additionally has a bimetallic function for movement support.

In der Fig. 1, die eine Abtrennvorrichtung des bekannten Standes der Technik zeigt, ist ein Varistor 1 in Reihe mit einer Abtrennvorrichtung 2 geschaltet.In the Fig. 1 showing a separation device of the known art, a varistor 1 is connected in series with a separator 2.

Die Abtrennvorrichtung 2 besteht aus einem beweglichen Anschlussstück oder einem beweglichen Leiterabschnitt 3. Der bewegliche Leiterabschnitt 3 umfasst eine Engstelle 4 und eine Schmelzlotverbindung 5 hin zu einem Anschlusskontakt 6. Mit dem Bezugszeichen 7 ist ein Varistoranschluss gekennzeichnet.The separating device 2 consists of a movable connecting piece or a movable conductor section 3. The movable conductor section 3 comprises a constriction 4 and a fusible link 5 toward a terminal contact 6. The reference numeral 7 denotes a varistor connection.

Ein Kraftvektor F wirkt auf den beweglichen Leiterabschnitt 3 ein. Erreicht die Temperatur des Varistors 1 im Bereich seines Anschlusses 6 die Temperatur, die der Schmelztemperatur des Lotes an der Lotstelle 5 entspricht, dann bewegt sich der Leiterabschnitt 3 vom Anschluss 6 weg und unterbricht den Stromfluss durch den Varistor 1, was der gestrichelten Stellung des Schalters nach Fig. 1, linker Teil, entspricht.A force vector F acts on the movable conductor section 3. If the temperature of the varistor 1 in the region of its terminal 6 reaches the temperature corresponding to the melting temperature of the solder at the soldering point 5, then the conductor section 3 moves away from the terminal 6 and interrupts the current flow through the varistor 1, which is the dashed position of the switch to Fig. 1 , left part, corresponds.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt ein Beispiel einer ersten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lehre mit einer Stoppeinrichtung 9, die sich im Bewegungsweg zwischen dem Leiterabschnitt 3 und einem leitfähigen Element 10 befindet. Das leitfähige Element 10 ist elektrisch mit dem Gegenkontakt 7.1 des Varistors 1 verbunden.The Fig. 2 shows an example of a first embodiment of the teaching according to the invention with a stop device 9, which is located in the path of movement between the conductor section 3 and a conductive element 10. The conductive element 10 is electrically connected to the mating contact 7.1 of the varistor 1.

Die Stoppeinrichtung 9 kann bei einer Ausführungsvariante aus einem Blockierstift bestehen, der mit einem temperatursensiblen Material an der Oberfläche des Varistors 1 befestigt ist.The stopper 9 may consist in one embodiment of a blocking pin which is fixed with a temperature-sensitive material on the surface of the varistor 1.

Die Bildfolge von links nach rechts gemäß den Fig. 2 bis 6 zeigt zum einen die Position im Normalzustand des Überspannungsableiters, die Position bei geöffneter Abtrennvorrichtung (ATV) und letztendlich die Position im Kurzschlussfall.The image sequence from left to right according to Fig. 2 to 6 shows, on the one hand, the position in the normal state of the surge arrester, the position with the disconnector (ATV) open and, finally, the position in the event of a short circuit.

Wird der Varistor 1 thermisch überlastet, öffnet sich zunächst die Schmelz- oder Lotstelle 5 und es findet eine Bewegung des beweglichen Leiterabschnitts 3 bis hin zum Inanschlagkommen mit der Stoppeinrichtung 9 unter Nutzung der Kraft F statt.If the varistor 1 is thermally overloaded, first the melting or soldering point 5 opens and there is a movement of the movable conductor section 3 up to the stop-stop with the stop device 9 using the force F.

Wie bereits erläutert, kann die Stoppeinrichtung einerseits selbst aus einem temperatursensiblen Material bestehen, z.B. als Folie aus niedrigschmelzendem Kunststoff ausgeführt oder aber als kegelförmiger Stopper aus einem niedrigschmelzenden Kunststoff oder Wachs ausgebildet sein. Andererseits kann ein beliebiges Element mit geringer Wärmekapazität, welches durch ein temperatursensibles Material befestigt wurde, genutzt werden. Hierbei sind ausreichende Trennstrecken vom beweglichen Teil der Abtrennvorrichtung einerseits zum festen Varistorkontakt 6 und andererseits auch zum leitfähigen Element 10 (Kontaktstück), welches mit Gegenpotential behaftet ist, erforderlich.As already explained, the stop device on the one hand itself may consist of a temperature-sensitive material, for example, designed as a film made of low-melting plastic or designed as a conical stopper of a low-melting plastic or wax. On the other hand, any element with low heat capacity, which has been attached by a temperature-sensitive material, can be used. Here are sufficient separation distances from the moving part of the separating device on the one hand to the fixed varistor contact 6 and on the other hand to conductive element 10 (contact piece), which is subject to counterpotential required.

In der Mehrzahl aller Fehlerfälle verhält sich die Abtrennvorrichtung in bekannter Weise. Die Lotverbindung wird hier wie erläutert zwischen dem beweglichen Leiterabschnitt und dem festen Varistoranschluss durch Schmelzen geöffnet, und zwar infolge der Erwärmung des Varistors 1. Dabei bewegt sich der Leiterabschnitt 3 infolge der Federkraft F bis zur Stoppeinrichtung 9 unter Herstellung einer sicheren Trennstelle.In the majority of all error cases, the separating device behaves in a known manner. Here, as explained, the solder connection is opened by melting between the movable conductor section and the fixed varistor connection, as a result of the heating of the varistor 1. In this case, the conductor section 3 moves as far as the stop device 9 as a result of the spring force F, producing a safe separation point.

Die Abtrennvorrichtung wird bezüglich ihres Schaltvermögens nun nicht überlastet. Die Realisierung eines Kurzschlusses bzw. die weitere Bewegung der Schaltzunge ist nicht nötig. In diesem Fall ist ein reines Fail-Open-Verhalten des Varistors ausreichend.The separating device is now not overloaded in terms of their switching capacity. The realization of a short circuit or the further movement of the switching tongue is not necessary. In this case, a pure fail-open behavior of the varistor is sufficient.

Wenn aber das Schaltvermögen der Abtrennvorrichtung nicht ausreicht, um einen entstandenen Lichtbogen sicher zu löschen, sind weitere Maßnahmen notwendig. In diesem Fall geht das Verhalten des Varistors selbsttätig von einem Fail-Open- in ein Fail-Short-Verhalten über.However, if the switching capacity of the separating device is not sufficient to safely extinguish a resulting arc, further measures are necessary. In this case, the behavior of the varistor automatically changes from a fail-open to a fail-short behavior.

Dies wird dadurch realisiert, dass eine weitere Erwärmung des gesamten Ableiters infolge des Stromflusses und/oder der Wirkungen des Lichtbogens genutzt wird, um die bisher gestoppte Bewegung des Leiterabschnitts freizugeben, zu beseitigen oder zu umgehen.This is realized by exploiting further heating of the entire arrester as a result of the current flow and / or the effects of the arc in order to release, eliminate or circumvent the previously stopped movement of the conductor section.

Es sei angemerkt, dass ergänzend zur Stoppfunktion auch die Aufbringung einer zusätzlichen Kraftwirkung auf den Leiterabschnitt möglich ist. Dies kann durch ein zusätzliches Federsystem mit einer anderen Weg-Zeit-Kennlinie erfolgen oder aber auch durch eine Bimetallfunktion des Leiterabschnitts (siehe Fig. 6) selbst, wodurch die Stoppfunktion im Überlastfall schneller aufgehoben werden kann.It should be noted that in addition to the stop function, the application of an additional force on the conductor portion is possible. This can be done by an additional spring system with a different path-time characteristic or by a bimetallic function of the conductor section (see Fig. 6 ) itself, whereby the stop function can be canceled faster in case of overload.

Durch ein ergänzendes System kann einerseits der Bewegungsbereich des Leiterabschnitts verlängert werden und andererseits kann die Kraftwirkung auf die erfindungsgemäße Stoppeinrichtung oder eine isolierende Zwischenlage bzw. Folie erhöht werden. Das zusätzliche Kraftsystem kann alternativ zur Bewegung des Leiterabschnitts auch zur Bewegung der Stoppeinrichtung oder der Folie genutzt werden (nicht gezeigt). Hierbei wird erneut nur der andauernde Stromfluss mit entsprechender Erwärmung genutzt.By means of a supplementary system, on the one hand the range of movement of the conductor section can be extended and on the other hand the force effect on the stop device according to the invention or an insulating intermediate layer or foil can be increased. The additional power system may alternatively used to move the conductor portion also for movement of the stopper or the film (not shown). Again, only the ongoing current flow with corresponding heating is used.

Wenn, wie in der Fig. 2 gezeigt, die Stoppeinrichtung direkt thermisch mittels eines temperatursensiblen Materials wie Lot oder Wachs mit dem Varistor 1 verbunden wird, ist eine Abstimmung zwischen dem thermischen Verhalten der Abtrennvorrichtung und der Stoppeinrichtung 9 notwendig.If, as in the Fig. 2 shown, the stopper is directly thermally connected by means of a temperature-sensitive material such as solder or wax with the varistor 1, a vote between the thermal behavior of the separating device and the stopper 9 is necessary.

Die Staffelung kann nun so ausgeführt werden, dass das thermisch sensible Material der Abtrennvorrichtung (Schmelzstelle 5) eine geringere Wärmekapazität und/oder eine niedrigere Schmelztemperatur als diejenige der Stoppeinrichtung 9 aufweist.The staggering can now be carried out so that the thermally sensitive material of the separation device (melting point 5) has a lower heat capacity and / or a lower melting temperature than that of the stop device 9.

Bei einer ersten Temperatur öffnet demnach zunächst die Abtrennvorrichtung. Bei einer weiteren Erhöhung auf eine Temperatur, die größer als die erste Temperatur ist, schmilzt dann das temperatursensible Material, welches die Stoppeinrichtung 9 fixiert. Die Stoppeinrichtung verliert dann ihre mechanische Verbindung zum Varistor und gibt den Weg zur weiteren Ausführung der Bewegung des Leiterabschnitts frei.Accordingly, at a first temperature, the separating device first opens. In a further increase to a temperature which is greater than the first temperature, then melts the temperature-sensitive material, which fixes the stopper 9. The stopper then loses its mechanical connection to the varistor and clears the way for further execution of the movement of the conductor portion.

Die für das Schmelzen der Verbindung zwischen der Stoppeinrichtung 9 und dem Varistor 1 notwendige Energie kann einerseits durch eine weitere Aufheizung des Varistors entstehen, aber auch durch den Lichtbogen, welcher durch das Öffnen zwischen dem Varistoranschluss 6 und dem beweglichen Leiterabschnitt 3 entstanden ist.The energy required for melting the connection between the stop device 9 and the varistor 1 can arise on the one hand by a further heating of the varistor, but also by the arc which has arisen due to the opening between the varistor connection 6 and the movable conductor section 3.

Wenn die Wärme ausreicht, um die Stoppeinrichtung 9 zu lösen, kann die Abtrennvorrichtung aufgrund der Federkraft F bis zum gegenpoligen Kontaktstück 10 (leitfähigem Element) gelangen und dieses kontaktieren. Durch den dann entstehenden Kurzschluss wird der Lichtbogen gelöscht und die vorgeordnete Überstromschutzeinrichtung kann den Fehlerstrom sicher abschalten.If the heat is sufficient to release the stopper 9, the separating device due to the spring force F can get to the opposite pole contact piece 10 (conductive element) and contact this. The resulting short-circuit causes the arc to be extinguished and the upstream overcurrent protection device can safely switch off the fault current.

Gemäß Fig. 3 kann das gestaffelte Verhalten der Abtrennvorrichtung nicht nur über eine Stoppeinrichtung realisiert werden, sondern auch über eine isolierende Folie 11, die sich direkt auf dem leitfähigen Element 10 befindet. Durch die Kraft der Feder wird dann die Abtrennvorrichtung bzw. der Leiterabschnitt 3 bis zum gegenpoligen Kontaktstück, d.h. dem leitfähigen Element 10 bewegt.According to Fig. 3 the staggered behavior of the separating device can be realized not only via a stop device, but also via a insulating film 11, which is located directly on the conductive element 10. By the force of the spring, the severing device or the conductor section 3 is then moved to the opposite pole contact piece, ie the conductive element 10.

Die darauf befindliche Folie 11 sichert eine ausreichende Isolation. Bei weiterem Energieeintrag schmilzt die Folie und gibt das leitfähige Element 10 frei, so dass der gewünschte Kurzschluss entstehen kann. Dieser Energieeintrag kann entweder weiterhin durch den Varistor oder durch einen Lichtbogen zugeführt werden. Die Beseitigung der Isolationsfolie kann auch durch Hilfsmittel, wie z.B. schmelzende Wachse, Bimetalle oder Ähnliches, welche ein Wegziehen oder ein Wegschieben der Folie unterstützen, beschleunigt werden. Auch kann die Folie selbst mit Hilfe einer Federkraft vorgespannt werden.The film 11 thereon ensures sufficient insulation. Upon further energy input, the film melts and releases the conductive element 10, so that the desired short circuit can occur. This energy input can either continue to be supplied through the varistor or through an arc. The removal of the insulating film can also be accomplished by means such as e.g. melting waxes, bimetals or the like, which assist in pulling away or pushing away the film, are accelerated. Also, the film itself can be biased by means of a spring force.

Fig. 4 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei welchem ein geringerer Energieeintrag ausreichend ist, um die Bewegung des Leiterabschnitts 3 freizugeben. Hierfür ist ein Isolationskegel 12 auf dem leitfähigen Element 10 befindlich. Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which a lower energy input is sufficient to release the movement of the conductor portion 3. For this purpose, an insulating cone 12 is located on the conductive element 10.

Wenn im Leiterabschnitt 3 eine Öffnung zur teilweisen Aufnahme des Isolationskegels 12, insbesondere dessen Spitze, vorgesehen ist, besteht die zusätzliche Möglichkeit einer Führung des beweglichen Leiterabschnitts 3. Wenn sich die Schmelzstelle 5 öffnet, dann trifft der Leiterabschnitt 3 zunächst auf die Spitze des Isolationskegels 12. Wenn keine sichere Trennstelle hergestellt werden konnte und ein weiterer Energieeintrag stattfindet, schmilzt der Isolationskegel 12 oder eine auf ihm angeordnete temperatursensible Oberflächenbeschichtung. Damit verringert sich der Durchmesser des Isolationskegels 12 und durch die vorerwähnte Öffnung kann das Restvolumen des Isolationskegels 12 hindurchtreten, wobei letztendlich wiederum ein Kurzschluss zwischen dem Leiterabschnitt 3 und dem leitfähigen Element 10 herstellbar ist.If an opening for partially receiving the insulating cone 12, in particular its tip, is provided in the conductor section 3, there is the additional possibility of guiding the movable conductor section 3. When the melting point 5 opens, the conductor section 3 first strikes the tip of the insulating cone 12 If a safe separation point could not be produced and a further energy input takes place, the insulation cone 12 or a temperature-sensitive surface coating arranged on it melts. This reduces the diameter of the insulating cone 12 and the residual volume of the insulating cone 12 can pass through the aforementioned opening, whereby in the end a short circuit between the conductor section 3 and the conductive element 10 can be produced again.

Mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 5 soll beispielhaft die Nutzung des Effekts eines Lichtbogenabbrands bezogen auf den Leiterabschnitt 3 erläutert werden.According to the embodiment Fig. 5 For example, the use of the effect of a Lichtbogenabbrands based on the conductor section 3 will be explained.

Wenn im Fehlerfall die Abtrennvorrichtung öffnet und aufgrund eines großen Fehlerstroms ein deutlicher Lichtbogenabbrand stattfindet, kann das leitfähige Element 10 auch so ausgeführt sein, dass der restliche, noch nicht vom Lichtbogen abgebrannte Teil des Leiterabschnitts 3 direkt einen Kurzschluss bildet.If, in the event of a fault, the separating device opens and a significant arc erosion occurs due to a large fault current, the conductive element 10 can also be designed such that the remaining part of the conductor section 3 that has not yet been burned off forms a short-circuit directly.

Wenn also der Abtrennstreifen des Leiterabschnitts 3 deutlich durch den Lichtbogen abgebrannt ist, wird er gleich und unmittelbar an der Stoppeinrichtung 9 vorbei bewegt, um sofort einen Kurzschluss mit dem leitfähigen Element 10 zu bilden und den Lichtbogen zu löschen.Thus, when the severance strip of the conductor portion 3 is clearly burned by the arc, it is immediately and immediately moved past the stopper 9 to immediately short-circuit with the conductive member 10 and extinguish the arc.

Selbstverständlich kann auch hier der Leiterabschnitt 3 mit weiteren funktionellen Hilfsmitteln versehen sein, welche eine analoge Funktion erlauben. Der Leiterabschnitt 3 weist hier eine stromsensible oder thermisch sensible Engstelle 4 auf, welche bei einer weiteren Erwärmung infolge des Stromflusses, des Lichtbogens und so weiter eine definierte Auftrennung des Leiterabschnitts 3 ermöglicht, um mit dem verbleibenden Abschnitt den Kurzschluss zu realisieren.Of course, here also the conductor section 3 can be provided with further functional aids, which allow an analogous function. The conductor section 3 here has a current-sensitive or thermally sensitive constriction 4, which allows for a further heating due to the current flow, the arc and so on a defined separation of the conductor section 3 in order to realize the short circuit with the remaining portion.

Die Abtrennvorrichtung respektive der Leiterabschnitt 3, aber auch die Stoppeinrichtung kann über eine Bimetallfunktion verfügen, welche einerseits die Aufhebung der Stoppfunktion erlaubt und andererseits die Bewegung des Leiterabschnitts unterstützt. Ebenfalls kann auf den Leiterabschnitt eine weitere Kraft schlagartig ausgeübt werden, um die Wirkung der Stoppeinrichtung zu überwinden. Dies kann z.B. über eine vorgespannte Feder erfolgen, deren Kraft erst bei weiterer Erwärmung des Varistors oder Erwärmung in bestimmten Bereichen des Ableiters oder der Zuführungen freigegeben wird.The separating device or the conductor section 3, but also the stop device can have a bimetallic function, which on the one hand allows the cancellation of the stop function and on the other hand supports the movement of the conductor section. Also, another force can be abruptly applied to the ladder section to overcome the effect of the stopper. This can e.g. take place via a prestressed spring whose power is released only in further heating of the varistor or heating in certain areas of the arrester or the feeders.

Bei dem in Fig. 6 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird die funktionale Stoppfunktion durch Erreichen der Endposition der Feder 13 bestimmt. Bei einer weiteren Erwärmung im Überlastfall wird der Leiterabschnitt 3 aufgrund der Bimetalleigenschaften bis zum potentialbehafteten Gegenkontakt (leitfähigem Element 10) weiter ausgelenkt und bildet somit den Kurzschluss.At the in Fig. 6 illustrated embodiment, the functional stop function is determined by reaching the end position of the spring 13. In a further heating in case of overload, the conductor section 3 is further deflected due to the bimetallic properties to the potential-charged mating contact (conductive element 10) and thus forms the short circuit.

Der Kurzschlusspfad kann auch eine vom Abtrennarm unabhängige Aktivierung besitzen und zusätzlich entstehende Wärme im Bereich der Abtrennvorrichtung nutzen. Hier wäre als beispielhafte Ausführungsform eine Befestigung eines Haltedrahts an der Stoppeinrichtung 9 möglich.The short-circuit path can also have an activation independent of the disconnecting arm and additionally use heat generated in the region of the separating device. Here, as an exemplary embodiment, attachment of a retaining wire to the stop device 9 would be possible.

Aus den vorangegangenen Ausführungsbeispielen ist ersichtlich, dass die Abschaltcharakteristik der Abtrennvorrichtung in Abhängigkeit von der Fehlerintensität variiert. Bei einem ersten Fehlerfall findet eine Öffnungsfunktion bis zu einer ersten Position statt. Nur bei einem weiteren Energieeintrag wird dann der bewegliche Leiterabschnitt in eine zweite Position überführt, wodurch ein Kurzschluss des Ableiters realisierbar ist.From the foregoing embodiments, it can be seen that the turn-off characteristic of the separating device varies depending on the error intensity. In the event of a first error, an opening function takes place up to a first position. Only with a further input of energy then the movable conductor section is transferred to a second position, whereby a short circuit of the arrester can be realized.

Der zusätzliche Energieeintrag kann durch weitere Erwärmung des Varistors direkt und/oder durch einen entstehenden Lichtbogen eingebracht werden.The additional energy input can be introduced by further heating of the varistor directly and / or by a resulting arc.

Im Fehlerfall mit einem deutlichen Lichtbogenabbrand kann der Leiterabschnitt 3 sofort mit dem leitfähigen Element 12 in Kurzschluss gehen, wobei hierfür eine Engstelle oder Solltrennstelle im oder am Leiterabschnitt vorgesehen ist.In the event of a fault with a significant arc erosion, the conductor section 3 can immediately go into short-circuit with the conductive element 12, for which purpose a bottleneck or predetermined separation point is provided in or on the conductor section.

Bezugszeichenliste

  • 1 Varistor
  • 2 thermische Abtrennvorrichtung (ATV)
  • 3 Leiterabschnitt bzw. Abtrennstreifen oder Schaltzunge
  • 4 Engstelle
  • 5 Schmelzstelle / Lotstelle
  • 6 Varistoranschluss
  • 7 Varistoranschluss
  • 7.1 Außenanschluss
  • 8 Verbindung zwischen Leiterabschnitt 3 und Varistoranschluss 7
  • 9 Stoppeinrichtung
  • 10 leitfähiges Element / Gegenkontakt
  • 11 Isolationsfolie
  • 12 Isolationskegel
  • 13 Feder
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
  • 1 varistor
  • 2 thermal separation device (ATV)
  • 3 conductor section or separation strip or tongue
  • 4 bottleneck
  • 5 melting point / Lotstelle
  • 6 varistor connection
  • 7 varistor connection
  • 7.1 external connection
  • 8 Connection between conductor section 3 and varistor connection 7
  • 9 stop device
  • 10 conductive element / mating contact
  • 11 insulation film
  • 12 insulation cone
  • 13 spring

Claims (14)

  1. Overvoltage arrester comprising at least one arrester element, particularly a varistor, and having a disconnecting device in order to disconnect and/or short-circuit the arrester element or elements from the mains, wherein the disconnecting device comprises a fusible point, particularly a soldered connection, which is integrated in the electrical connection path within the arrester, wherein a displaceable conductor section is connected via the fusible point to the respective arrester element on one hand, and the conductor section is connected to a first exterior connection on the other hand, and having a means for generating a pretensioning force, particularly a spring, wherein the force vector acts directly or indirectly on the conductor section in the direction of disconnection, further comprising a conductive element (10) the first end of which is connected to a second electrical exterior connection (7.1) and the second end of which can be brought into contact with the conductor section (3),
    characterized in that
    a device is located in the path of movement of the conductor section (3) between the fusible point (5) and the conductive element (10) which realizes a staged mode of operation with respect to disconnecting and short-circuiting the respective arrester element (1).
  2. Overvoltage arrester according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the device is realized as a thermally triggerable stop device (9) and is connected to the respective arrester element (1) in a thermally conductive manner.
  3. Overvoltage arrester according to claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the stop device (9) is made of a temperature-sensitive material such as solder, wax or plastic.
  4. Overvoltage arrester according to one of claims 2 or 3,
    characterized in that
    the stop device (9) is arranged at or on the conductor section (3) and/or the conductive element (10) and is made of an insulating material.
  5. Overvoltage arrester according to one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that
    the stop device (9) has the shape of a bolt, a cone, a truncated cone, a ball or a pyramid.
  6. Overvoltage arrester according to claim 5,
    characterized in that
    the stop device (9) is located on the conductive element (10), wherein the conductor section (3) comprises a stop or a guide opening.
  7. Overvoltage arrester according to claim 6,
    characterized in that
    the guide opening has a diameter which is smaller than the mean diameter of the cone, truncated cone or the diagonal of the pyramid, wherein, with the thermally caused fusing of the stop device (9) or a surface coating located thereat, the same is received by the guide opening so that the conductor section (3) is brought into contact with the conductive element (10).
  8. Overvoltage arrester according to one of claims 2 to 4,
    characterized in that
    the stop device (9) is made of a foil or a foil layer (11).
  9. Overvoltage arrester according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the conductor section (3) comprises a thermally sensitive narrow point and/or an electrically sensitive predetermined breaking point (4).
  10. Overvoltage arrester according to one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that
    the conductor section (3) is made of a bimetal.
  11. Overvoltage arrester according to one of claims 2 to 10,
    characterized in that
    the stop device (9) itself is made of a thermally sensitive material or is fixed to the respective arrester element (1) by means of such a material.
  12. Overvoltage arrester according to one of claims 2 to 11,
    characterized in that
    the stop device (9) and/or the fixing material for this device has a higher heat capacity and/or a higher melting point than the fusible point (5).
  13. Overvoltage arrester according to one of claims 2 to 12,
    characterized in that
    the stop device (9) is subject to an additional action of forces for the controlled or accelerated movement of the same when it is triggered.
  14. Overvoltage arrester according to claim 13,
    characterized in that
    the additional action of forces is generated by at least one preloading spring.
EP08838567A 2007-10-16 2008-10-14 Overvoltage arrester having at least one arresting element, particularly a varistor, and having a disconnect device Not-in-force EP2070169B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007049567 2007-10-16
DE102008049472A DE102008049472A1 (en) 2007-10-16 2008-09-29 Overvoltage arrester is provided with stop device that is thermally triggered in motion path of conductor segment, between fusible point and conductive element
PCT/EP2008/063764 WO2009050151A1 (en) 2007-10-16 2008-10-14 Overvoltage arrester having at least one arresting element, particularly a varistor, and having a disconnect device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2070169A1 EP2070169A1 (en) 2009-06-17
EP2070169B1 true EP2070169B1 (en) 2009-12-09

Family

ID=40149684

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08838567A Not-in-force EP2070169B1 (en) 2007-10-16 2008-10-14 Overvoltage arrester having at least one arresting element, particularly a varistor, and having a disconnect device

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2070169B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2009050151A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3228471C2 (en) * 1982-07-30 1985-03-07 Dehn + Söhne GmbH + Co KG, 8500 Nürnberg Surge protection device
DE3318588A1 (en) * 1983-05-21 1984-11-22 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim VARISTOR LOCKING ELEMENT

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2070169A1 (en) 2009-06-17
WO2009050151A1 (en) 2009-04-23

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