EP3303983A1 - Kinetic and/or incapacitating projectile having high energy absorption - Google Patents

Kinetic and/or incapacitating projectile having high energy absorption

Info

Publication number
EP3303983A1
EP3303983A1 EP16727427.3A EP16727427A EP3303983A1 EP 3303983 A1 EP3303983 A1 EP 3303983A1 EP 16727427 A EP16727427 A EP 16727427A EP 3303983 A1 EP3303983 A1 EP 3303983A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
impact
less
elastic
foam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16727427.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3303983B1 (en
Inventor
Cyrille Raquin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Securinov SA
Original Assignee
Securinov SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Securinov SA filed Critical Securinov SA
Publication of EP3303983A1 publication Critical patent/EP3303983A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3303983B1 publication Critical patent/EP3303983B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/34Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/40Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of target-marking, i.e. impact-indicating type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F42B12/745Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body the core being made of plastics; Compounds or blends of plastics and other materials, e.g. fillers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
    • F42B12/78Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing of jackets for smallarm bullets ; Jacketed bullets or projectiles

Definitions

  • the present invention falls within the field of kinetic projectiles and possibly incapacitating for firearms or compressed air, non-lethal or reduced lethal, it provides a solution by eliminating the risk of impact of the pellet during impact kinetic ammunition and also allows on the same technical basis the carriage of incapacitating substances, scoring, odorous capable of inducing controlled physiological effects on the persons concerned.
  • Kinetic or incapacitating projectiles are commonly used by law enforcement and armed forces in external operations to neutralize or deter aggressive individuals while limiting the causes of irreversible damage or death.
  • the combination of these two types of structures can be realized in the present invention in order to make more progressive and uniform on the impact zone the maximum stress generated by the projectile on the target and seeking to increase with the speed, the spreading the projectile.
  • An industrial way to achieve them is to use an open cell honeycomb structure such as a thin-walled honeycomb or an expanded aluminum structure included in the polymerized foam during manufacture.
  • the JP patent. Denis describes an embodiment of a lethal calibrated munition without separation on trajectory, which makes it possible to obtain different behaviors of the ammunition in penetration on different types of materials or biological bodies and also allows to modify strongly the aerodynamics and thus the trajectory of the projectile as well as its kinematics.
  • the hull used in this type of embodiment is not fragile to impact and may even play a role depending on the type of target encountered.
  • the main aerodynamic defect of all these reduced lethal projectiles or claims of non-lethality is an equilibrium or center of thrust of the aerodynamic forces which is located in front of the center of gravity of the projectile, the difficulty in balancing it forward does not result not a lack of knowledge of the art in aerodynamics, but the lack of a known arrangement that allows industrialization without generating unacceptable disadvantages such as the destruction or deformation of the projectile at launch or its destabilization at the exit of launcher. Without sufficient stabilization by gyroscopic effect, most of the known projectiles have a strong tendency to destabilize on its trajectory, which makes it likely that the portion of hard plastic material normally constituting the back of said projectile can have a direct impact on the target with lethal effects or serious physiological damage.
  • This defect is corrected according to the invention by the use of a soft but impact resistant rear part, and therefore resilient and which can be typically made of low density polyethylene, preferably pure, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane can also be used containing plasticizer or polyimide having a sufficient proportion of plasticizer to lower their glass transition point below the temperatures specified for use of the device according to the invention.
  • the main advantage according to the invention for the projectiles intended for the rifled barrels is also to have a projectile of which more than 60% of the mass has a capacity of damping whereas in the current projectiles between 60 and 90% of the mass are concentrated in a dangerous plastic part, see deadly during impact for a recipient unprotected by a helmet and body protection.
  • the operating principle of the impact projectile according to the invention is to ensure a strong deformation the envelope which must be very soft and elastic, so provided with a coefficient of adhesion which is typically close to 80; the contact of such an envelope with the soul of the barrel is therefore likely to brake asymmetrically the projectile in the barrel.
  • the present embodiment makes it possible to obtain a projectile of diameter very close to the caliber of the weapon and whose surface in contact with the launcher tube has low coefficients of friction and adhesion and which may especially be below 0.1 and this while allowing that the impact behavior is not affected substantially by this outer layer because of its low dynamic behavior.
  • the present invention provides an answer since the sheet 3 ensures the symmetrical sliding of the ogive in the launch tube and preserves its integrity of form until the impact while it is much more deformable and soft than the usual projectiles.
  • One of the answers already provided to the limitation of the lethality is to allow a strong expansion either by using elastic envelopes and contents in the form of particles, in particular as the BeanBag and the Bliniz described in the patent US6302028 or in the patent FR0900303 supra.
  • the answer provided by the present invention makes it possible not only to avoid deformation of the projectile during the launching phase, but also to use simultaneously in the same projectile such microstructures or divided states of the material and a structure which will make it possible to ensure the aerodynamic behavior and the limitation of the maximum force applied to the target by a better distribution of the stresses: by nature the particles divided in an elastic content cause to the impact a more important increase of the constraint in the center of the impact and it is the radial components of the transmission of the reaction forces of this central impact to each of the grains that causes the spreading.
  • Energy absorption in the present description is the use of energy for a non-reversible destruction or deformation, that is to say that when the applied force disappears, said deformation remains without any effect of restitution of energy. mechanical.
  • the application of a force or the supply of mechanical energy during an impact on an elastomeric foam or elastic rubber leads to a high compression which leads in case of cessation of the effort to a mechanical restitution in form for example rebound, which is detrimental to the desired goal of delivering the energy of the projectile to the target.
  • this part must be of resilient material and little deformable to the impact, such a projectile is therefore potentially very dangerous if it arrives on this rear part because of its low deformability and its low capacity to to absorb a part of the energy of impact shock due to its physical modification (destruction, deformation, modification of molecular bonds).
  • projectiles adapted to smooth-bore weapons that can be divided into two groups: the first group is that of projectiles stabilized by empennage or body lying on their rear part. These elements are usually made of hard material and not very deformable, therefore, even if they are lighter and thinner than the scratch pad or projectile stripe of striped weapons, they do not participate in the absorption effect.
  • the second group is that of short-range projectiles which claim a large impact area, they are generally characterized by a bad aerodynamic form factor.
  • This category includes all the deformable projectiles with solid content or little deformable like the "bean bags” or “bliniz” for example and the projectiles working in crash like that of the "flash lease” of the company "Verney Carron”. It can be seen that the projectiles currently proposed are either potentially dangerous at impact or have aerodynamic characteristics that limit them to limited uses at short firing distances.
  • the deformable projectiles used have adhesion coefficients which are generally mediocre because greater than 0.5 and would slow down the start if they came into contact with the barrel, in particular with a rubber envelope whose coefficient of friction on the steel is 0.3 to 0.5 in static, and the coefficient of adhesion which accounts for its displacement is rather established around 0.8.
  • a shoe is then used to protect said projectile from the blow of flame, to collect the acceleration and to facilitate its sliding as is the case for the projectile of the "flash lease" which uses an enveloping shoe and other deformable kinetic projectiles of 38 or 40 mm which preferentially use a fire-resistant shoe equipped with a stripe-catching belt for the striped weapons.
  • the solution is to first use a rigid and resistant to static compression core which serves as a load-bearing structure used as a force limiter by producing a suitable deceleration, secondly an elastic envelope which itself has a capacity of deformation due to the nature of the long-chain molecules or polymers used and also makes it possible to balance said projectile forwards, the third element that froze its external shape and lower its adhesion coefficient is a thermoformable sheet producing a constriction of the preceding elements while having a fragile behavior during the impact so as not to prevent the spreading thereof, the latter component making it possible to solve the global problem by using certain characteristics of the different components only at the moment when they are required.
  • the kinetic or incapacitating projectile unveiled by the inventor is intended for all defensive launchers, whether their method of propulsion is pyrotechnic or by means of a compressed gas.
  • the projectile can be composed of a multiplicity of parts essentially allowing to absorb the shock and which allows it to maintain good aerodynamic characteristics and stability on trajectory due to the invention.
  • the projectile is capable of transferring a large part of the energy of the impact towards the target through said part or directly and to the final destination of said part by destruction, irreversible deformation, avoiding a penetration of the biological target.
  • a projectile according to the invention retains good aerodynamic characteristics during launch and flight, which allow it to ensure satisfactory operational accuracy at distances similar to those obtained by kinetic projectiles propelled by rifled weapons.
  • a projectile according to the invention allows the use of a very soft head, up to hardnesses of the elastic envelope less than 80 ShoreOO and this despite the high coefficient of friction of the material used for the impact head, typically values of at least 0.35 for a friction on steel and which reaches a value of 0.7 or more in coefficient of adhesion on the steel, a characteristic necessary for the projectile to deform without ricocheting on the target and this at high incidences, that is to say impact paths, collinear with the axis of the projectile and having an incidence greater than 45 ° with the normal to the surface of said target.
  • the projectile according to the invention consists of: a body said to be cylindrical or of revolution about the launching axis, formed of at least one homogeneous part made of cellular material, foam or open or closed microstructures having a capacity of absorption of energy in the sense defined in the description.
  • said portion will advantageously have a density of less than 250 Kg per cubic meter for absorbing energy in dynamic compression or shock which is effected either by shearing the walls of the cells or elements constituting said structure first. elongation at break being low for the type of material constituting it, or secondly by permanent or irreversible ductile deformation, in particular by buckling walls or thin surfaces.
  • the material used has a coefficient of friction measured in high static on a metal, for example greater than 0.4 on polished stainless steel; the coefficient of adhesion, which is the coefficient measured on the moving parts, being higher, ie, values of 0.7 or better, 0.8 on steel and may be adapted according to the operational use made of it. , in particular so as to allow the attainment of targets at a higher angle of incidence than the projectiles according to the state of the art for identical external forms.
  • the friction measurement is a unitless value which is a ratio between tangential and normal surface components but whose minimum values are given on steel since they are known or measured for many materials in relation to these supports. metal which is the least adherent or the most slippery.
  • the combination of the cylindrical body of low density and this front portion 2 of density at least twice as large allows the projectile to have a center of gravity close to the front of the projectile which is obtained according to the invention without degrading ballistic or spreading performance.
  • At least one outer assembly or ply bonded by clamping of the annular or radial constriction type which can be obtained in particular by a method of thermoforming an elastomer or heat-shrinkable plastic tube around the cylindrical body and possibly around a part the head, forming an assembly of revolution about the axis, said assembly consisting of any polymeric material or flexible film having a reduced coefficient of friction on the metals commonly used for launch tubes such as steel or aluminum, is typically less than 0.3 and a coefficient of adhesion as low as possible, that is typically 0.05 for a PTFE web or less than 0.1 for a lubricated polyvinyl chloride web, the latter compound having an advantage of price and fragility at longitudinal impact; however, avoidance of the deformation of the projectile during its launch and in particular a symmetrical sliding with respect to the axis; the narrowing of the soft and elastic material on the internal honeycomb structure surprisingly producing a projectile hard to the touch, which has a moderate and symmetrical friction given its low coefficient of adh
  • Said head may be linked to the cylindrical body by this simple force of constriction of the sheet; we can for a better holding, in particular during manufacturing or projectile handling operations, making a stronger connection, in particular by bonding or taking into account the elasticity of the material constituting said head, to grip a part of the cylindrical body, for example in a groove made at this effect in the body.
  • the outer ply is conventionally obtained from a single tube, preferably by necking thermoforming, made of a material such that this ply is fragile and / or brittle at the expected impact speed, which can remove the PTFE as a choice. possible if the spreading requirements are high.
  • the cylindrical body is composed of several parts, these may have modes of absorption or surface spread of the target-projectile contact surface or the energy or reaction to a force applied to them which is different according to each part and in particular during an impact, in particular these parts can be either stacked longitudinally, or concentric or even made in inclusion or mixing during the manufacture of the foam before polymerization, the main thing being to preserve a symmetry of revolution in order to obtain a balance of the moment of inertia of the projectile around the axis A.
  • the central part or body may consist of a combination of sub-assemblies formed of microstructures or cellular materials of different densities, which makes it possible to select for the front part those which have either the best characteristics for the high speeds, for a particular progressive loading or having the highest densities to maintain a center of gravity forward of said projectile. It can be produced in particular by concentric layers of the same nature or by stacking blocks in the longitudinal direction, or by a combination of these two arrangements.
  • foam having a shear failure mode As a foam made of polymeric resin such as polycarbonate, polyphenols or polymethacrylimides or biodegradable material such as meringue, the local stress level, or by averaging it on a rigid surface the level of force applied to the target varies almost linearly depending on the density of the foam. The use of a higher density foam therefore leads to higher levels of braking and energy absorption but with a higher level of force. It is therefore advisable to combine different densities of foam with different characteristics in order to obtain a maximum force level applied to the target during the reduced impact and also a level of local stress on the weak target which implies a spreading as much as possible, ie the greatest possible expansion of the impact zone of the projectile. To obtain such a result including a more gradual increase in strength, it will be possible to use the usual foams such as low-hardness polyurethane or other foam usually used in the projectiles described in the state of the art.
  • said outer ply is obtained from a single tube implemented by thermoforming in order to obtain a necking of uniform revolution of the elements situated inside, it can be acting on the cylindrical body, but also other elements such as the head and the damping washer located at the rear or any other part that should be placed inside, for example to smooth irregularities or create radial elasticity to ensure better guidance.
  • said outer ply is made fragile and / or brittle for the expected impact speed, which ensures that this part will not come to limit the expansion of said projectile, on the other hand if thickness, by example less than 0.5 millimeter and its weight are limited, splinters will not be hurtful during the impact.
  • the cylindrical body is inserted in a casing made of elastic material with a high elongation at break of more than 100% or more preferably of more than 400% forming a cavity and having a thin sidewall thickness relative to to its diameter.
  • the thickness of the side wall of the cavity thickness is less than 10%, preferably less than 5% of its total diameter. Said elastic envelope itself remaining enveloped by the outer ply 3.
  • Said elastic material is preferably a shock or vibration energy absorber, in particular thermoplastic elastomers such as polyurethane and polyether copolymers, polystyrene block or such as those marketed under the "Sorbothane” brand, the molecular bonds of which are modified by the energy of impact and which for some of them partially restore this energy in the form of heat. It may also be a layer of thin thickness similar to that of a balloon, for example latex or rubber with high elongation at break. This result can in particular be obtained by dipping in a polymer resin with a high proportion of plasticizer before crosslinking or in a bath of natural or synthetic rubber before vulcanization. Very soft and elastic compounds can also obtained by diluting thermoplastic in at least one plasticizer.
  • thermoplastic elastomers such as polyurethane and polyether copolymers, polystyrene block or such as those marketed under the "Sorbothane” brand, the molecular bonds of which are modified by the energy of impact and which
  • Said elastic material is preferably very elastic and a shock or vibration energy absorber, said envelope not having the purpose of obtaining a rebound or spring effect by buckling of said envelope at the moment of impact, but on the contrary a maximum spread of the impact while preserving the overall externality of the projectile as a whole.
  • This envelope is not necessarily waterproof, but a sealed embodiment has the advantage of confining the destruction residues of the constituent material of the cylindrical body during impact.
  • This improvement of the present invention can also be considered as an improvement of the same author's invention as published by the USPTO under US Patent No.
  • the main defect of an embodiment according to this prior invention being the difficulty of making a bonding or necking of the envelope alone which makes it possible to ensure a lack of contact with the tube during the launch, the projectile being made requiring a margin of safety between the diameter of the ogive and the diameter of the tube to avoid friction.
  • the present invention makes it possible to produce projectiles as defined in the original patent but with a diameter allowing a symmetrical friction and very attenuated with the barrel, which avoids asymmetric deformations detrimental to the proper functioning or accuracy.
  • the body comprises at least one part made of a cellular material or resilient microstructure with a density of less than 300 Kg per cubic meter and whose energy absorption in dynamic compression is effected by continuous deformation or buckling of the cell walls or constituent elements of said structure.
  • a cellular material or resilient microstructure with a density of less than 300 Kg per cubic meter and whose energy absorption in dynamic compression is effected by continuous deformation or buckling of the cell walls or constituent elements of said structure.
  • These include aluminum foam, magnesium or one of their alloys.
  • the energy absorption is different and also has characteristics that are different depending on the impact speed of this part. Depending on the usual speed during the impact and the deceleration produced by the front part that precedes this part, the length of the front part will be calculated so that the effective deformation speed of this part more resilient is characterized its threshold of deformation.
  • the body may be made from biodegradable organic materials such as albumin, sugars or starch used to form after manufacture a hard foam of density adapted to the density and performance obtained in axial compression.
  • the body of the projectile comprises at least one container filled with a finely divided solid: that is to say particles of larger outer dimension less than 0.3 mm.
  • a finely divided solid that is to say particles of larger outer dimension less than 0.3 mm.
  • this envelope will rupture by brittle fracture and the transfer of energy in radial velocity of said particles will produce a significant spread.
  • a part acting by braking or energy absorption by rupture or deformation one thus obtains a projectile which at the same time limits the force applied and particularly limits the stress in the central part, which is the problem existing in projectiles like BEANBAG or BLINIZ; while maintaining a spreading power equivalent to these same projectiles.
  • the embodiment according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a projectile that retains its integrity and its initial shape until the impact and therefore allows a much better accuracy and a greater range than the commercial projectiles mentioned above.
  • This improvement can be considered as an improvement of US6302028B1 patent of Richard Guillot inventor of "Bliniz”.
  • the projectile also has a ring or torus, possibly put in place by constriction due to thermoforming to ensure the sliding and centering of the front of the projectile by friction on the soul of the launch tube; and also in the tubes with scratches to ensure the rotation of the projectile.
  • This torus may be made of a thermo-formable material with a low coefficient of friction, such as for example a polytetrafluoroethylene ring, which ring may also grip a thinner sheet which covers the rear part.
  • Another embodiment would be to resort to a multiplicity of rings that enclose the projectile so that when leaving the blow the adherent walls of the head or the envelope do not come into contact with the launch tube.
  • These rings are intended to ensure only a slip at launch but must remain low mass (typically less than one gram) so that their effect is negligible at the time of impact.
  • This type of ring can also perform other functions including, in particular, the attachment of a sheet on the body, or an envelope on the body or the striker grip for the rotational drive of the projectile.
  • the foam is represented by an assembly containing cells symbolized by circles (hard polymer foam), or triangles for aluminum microstructures or absorbing the compression energy. by irreversible deformation of the walls or wires that constitute it.
  • the density is symbolized by the number of cells per unit area; the cells represented symbolizing trapped air, the higher the number of symbols per unit area, the lower the density.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment for a projectile according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment for a projectile according to the invention adapted to be used with a rifled gun
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment for a projectile according to the invention adapted for use with a smooth launch tube.
  • FIG. -1 shows a sectional view of the ammunition made using a projectile according to the invention, the body of revolution 1 is here made of hard polymer foam, for example polyphenol with a density of 130 Kg / m 3.
  • a head of semi-ellipsoid or hemispherical shape which is connected to the body by a groove 14 which corresponds to a lip of the head 2, the elasticity of the material of the head and the tight ribs allow a good connection reinforced by the necking of the ply 3 and which can be reinforced if necessary by gluing between the head 2 and the body 1, nevertheless the gluing is industrially difficult to implement, given the materials which are difficult to match for a single-component gluing.
  • the launching axis A projectile is confused for the outer layer 3, the head 2 and the body 1 of the projectile when it is assembled and ready for launch.
  • the sheet of heat-shrinkable polymer 3 covers and binds to the body 1 by necking after thermoforming, a damping disc 4 made in this example of polyphenol foam with a density of 70Kg / m3; it will of course be necessary to adjust the respective densities of the body 1 and the disc 4 in particular as a function of the desired speed, the propulsive charge used, the mass of the head 2 and the length of the launching gun, all these parameters being of course dependent on laws and know-how known in the state of the art. A measurement of the acceleration in the tube can make it possible to refine the dimensioning of these respective densities.
  • a munition using a socket 5 which may be of metal and / or polymer which is equipped with high 8 and low pressure chambers 10 provided with regulating vents 7 between these chambers; they are here shown side because the use of one or more vents parallel to the axis A would produce too violent accelerations and likely to cause damage to the projectile during its launch phase.
  • the propellant powder 11 generates a rise in pressure in the high pressure chamber 8, the vents then regulate the pressure and the expansion of the hot gases in the low pressure chamber 10, the skirt 6 is then subjected to an increasing force that is transmitted to the projectile.
  • a projectile for a compressed air launcher may be identical to this embodiment by replacing the damping disc 4 with a thin chip to prevent damage to the foam of the body during handling, especially at the time of loading.
  • FIG. 2 represents an embodiment according to the invention that can be adapted to a rifled barrel weapon because of the presence of a pusher or base 6b capable of driving the projectile in rotation when making scratches, even if the gain
  • the operation of the use of such weapons is not significant in respect of an embodiment according to the invention, there is a commercial interest in making such projectiles compatible with such launchers and their ammunition.
  • the cylindrical portion here consists of two parts, the first foam placed at the front is formed of aluminum foam 13, whose braking characteristics and particularly the reaction force applied to the target by the projectile during the impact varies to the inverse of the impact speed for high impact speeds and in particular greater than 50 m / s; it is placed behind a honeycomb structure 15 based on thermosetting polymer of low elongation at break, typically less than 5% and capable of withstanding the acceleration of the shot without being significantly destroyed in its length.
  • a foam will be chosen between polycarbonate, polyphenols or polymetracylimides for densities generally less than 150 Kg / m 3.
  • the characteristic of this structure is chosen for characteristics of destruction under stress with a quasi constant reaction force and independent of the speed. .
  • the projectile is then balanced forward and can then be used indifferently in launcher rifled or not.
  • the assembly thus constituted according to FIG. 2 in a liquid which can then crosslink or vulcanize to form a tight layer 12 of the flexible envelope or balloon type, it can also be made of a material similar to that of the head 2 to obtain a good connection on the front part between the head 2 and the envelope 12.
  • This layer is preferably elastic like silicone or low hardness rubber.
  • cap 16 that will take the least thickness possible to ensure a good distribution of pressure on the part 15 or body 1 and a good bonding or a good bond with the layer or elastic envelope 12 and come and seal the projectile.
  • An outer layer encloses all the subsets by a thermoforming operation and ensure the guidance of the projectile and its sliding without participating in its rotation in the context of its use with a launcher rifled barrel.
  • FIG. 3 represents a projectile for a smooth launching tube, whether with compressed air or whether it is a firearm.
  • the front part or elastic envelope 2 here covers the body 1 which accommodates a hard and fragile container 18 and its content 17 consisting of finely divided particles.
  • Said content 17 may have a spreading action of the projectile only inertial impact since under the effect of the impact the particles convert to a large extent their axial momentum in radial momentum, but can also produce an action incapacitante if the constituent particles have at least on the surface of active chemical compounds such as tear gas and that are provided lateral openings 19 through the envelope 3, being noted in the previous description, firstly that the envelope 3 is destroyed at the beginning of the impact, and secondly it should be noted that the body 1 ensures before the impact the protection of the container 18 and the contents 17.
  • the envelope 2 here comes to exert a cohesive force by simultaneous annular tightening of the body 1 and the rear part 6b mainly used during manufacture, this cohesion is then reinforced by the tightening provided by the sheet 3 which comes press and compress the material of the casing 2 against the body 1.
  • a very soft and elastic material used to manufacture the casing 2 such as a thermoplastic elastomer or silicone less than 80 shoreOO, a touchdown projectile hard and undeformable before firing and able to withstand without dimensional change the ballistic phases of the projectile until the impact as it deconstructs and becomes soft during the impact by consuming the kinetic energy of the projectile and while limiting damage to the target, which becomes hard at these speeds.
  • the eye is capable of frontal shocks such as violent falls on the ground or car accident without airbag, to break or even to perforate the suborbital bone floor, thus enabling because of its hardening for sufficient stress rates to maintain its integrity after the shock without any sequelae for the eye.
  • the orbital bone floor which structurally structures the skull and its resistance to manipulation, thus becomes a protective factor for the eye since it is more fragile in terms of dynamics and consumes the incident energy in a brittle fracture. It is thus possible on the basis of the present invention to make a projectile more fragile than the eye and thus significantly reduce the cases and especially the seriousness of the lesions observed each year with the use of non-lethal projectiles.
  • the aerodynamic external shape can be modulated according to the performance constraints imposed either by the mass of the percussive part before or by the range or precision required at a certain distance. It will then be important to determine by calculation and aerodynamic simulation according to the state of the art the outer shape of the rear portion 6b and the length of the front portion.
  • the volume of the body 1 and its density are determinants of the energy that can be absorbed on impact, in particular that which drives the rear part 6 and whose priority is to avoid that it exceeds a force threshold applied to the target which would lead to irreversible or fatal injuries.
  • the contents 17 may in particular be a liquid, a gel, a powder or a finely divided solid, taken separately or in combination. This content is chosen for its ability to disperse after the impact and light enough to remain suspended in the air because of the turbulence induced by this dispersion.
  • the content 17 is not used to produce a kinetic effect. It is used to be dispersed, for example for:

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a kinetic and/or incapacitating projectile having high energy absorption including: a body (1) made up of at least one portion made of cellular material, foam or open or closed microstructures; a head, made of a resilient polymer material; at least one layer (3) which makes it possible to link the assembly made up of the body (1), the head (2) and optionally a rear portion by annular constriction, said layer being made of a thin material, the thickness of which is less than five hundredths of the diameter of the projectile.

Description

PROJECTILE CINETIQUE ET/OU INCAPACITANT A HAUTE ABSORPTION D'ENERGIE  KINETIC AND / OR INCAPACTIVE PROJECTILE WITH HIGH ENERGY ABSORPTION
II est décrit dans la suite du document un projectile cinétique ou incapacitant pour lanceur de petits et moyens calibres d'arme à feu ou a gaz comprimé, typiquement entre 9mm et 56 mm, hautement déformable par absorption d'énergie, stable sur trajectoire sans obligation de mise en rotation. A kinetic or incapacitating projectile for launchers of small and medium calibres of a firearm or a compressed gas, typically between 9 mm and 56 mm, highly deformable by energy absorption, stable on trajectory without obligation, is described in the following. of rotation.
La présente invention rentre dans le domaine des projectiles cinétiques et éventuellement incapacitant pour armes à feu ou à air comprimé, non létaux ou à létalité réduite, elle permet d'apporter une solution en éliminant le risque d'impact du culot lors de l'impact des munitions cinétiques et permet également sur la même base technique l'emport de substances incapacitantes, marquantes, odorantes aptes à induire des effets physiologiques contrôlés sur les personnes visées. Les projectiles cinétiques ou incapacitant sont couramment utilisés par les forces de maintien de l'ordre et les forces armées en opérations extérieures, en vue de neutraliser ou de dissuader les individus agressif tout en limitant les causes de dommages irréversibles ou de décès. The present invention falls within the field of kinetic projectiles and possibly incapacitating for firearms or compressed air, non-lethal or reduced lethal, it provides a solution by eliminating the risk of impact of the pellet during impact kinetic ammunition and also allows on the same technical basis the carriage of incapacitating substances, scoring, odorous capable of inducing controlled physiological effects on the persons concerned. Kinetic or incapacitating projectiles are commonly used by law enforcement and armed forces in external operations to neutralize or deter aggressive individuals while limiting the causes of irreversible damage or death.
Ces projectiles sont tirés au moyen de lanceurs de petit ou moyen calibre, usuellement entre 37 et 56 mm pour les forces de l'ordre, et paradoxalement en calibre 12 (environ 19mm) ou plus petit pour la défense des particuliers, l'effet d'un projectile de diamètre plus faible étant en général plus pénétrant pour la même énergie. Aujourd'hui l'état de l'art comporte trois brevets FR 0802536, FR0900303 repris dans le brevet WO2009FR00520 et le plus récent portant le n° FR2950688 qui parlent de limitation de la force. Ce dernier brevet décrit complètement un mode de réalisation uniquement sur une base d'un culot ou sabot arrière destiné à reprendre la poussée des gaz et assurer la prise des rayures pour la mise en rotation du projectile. Même si les autres brevets des mêmes inventeurs que la présente demande ne sont pas uniquement liés à son exécution avec un sabot, c'est malgré tout la seule description effectuée et a aucun moment il n'est fait mention d'un projectile sous-calibré par rapport au calibre de l'arme, ni de l'usage d'une nappe ou coquille de protection de la tête dudit projectile qui par conséquent doit rester d'un diamètre inférieur au calibre afin de ne pas en perturber la dynamique de lancement par contact avec l'âme du canon ou tube du lanceur. These projectiles are fired by means of small or medium caliber launchers, usually between 37 and 56 mm for law enforcement, and paradoxically in caliber 12 (about 19mm) or smaller for the defense of private individuals, the effect of a projectile of smaller diameter being generally more penetrating for the same energy. Today the state of the art comprises three patents FR 0802536, FR0900303 included in the patent WO2009FR00520 and the most recent bearing the number FR2950688 which speak of limitation of the force. The latter patent completely describes an embodiment solely on the basis of a base or back shoe for resuming the thrust of the gases and ensuring the grip of the scratches for rotation of the projectile. Although the other patents of the same inventors as the present application are not only related to its execution with a shoe, it is still the only description made and at no time is there mention of a sub-calibrated projectile relative to the caliber of the weapon, nor the use of a protective sheet or shell of the head of said projectile which consequently must remain of a diameter smaller than the caliber so as not to disturb the dynamics of launching by contact with the soul of the barrel or tube of the launcher.
Il est connu d'après un brevet du même inventeur que l'utilisation de matériau alvéolaire ou microstructure , notamment du type mousse polyphénolique ou polycarbonate permet d'obtenir des matériaux qui lors d'un impact absorbent de l'énergie en destruction par cisaillement des cellules ou éléments de la microstructure; il est également connu par un autre brevet précité que l'utilisation de matériau alvéolaire ou microstructure en aluminium permet d'obtenir une consommation progressive lors d'un impact par flambage des parois des alvéoles ou éléments de la microstructure constitutive. Ces deux types de structures permettent de limiter la force pour des vitesses d'impact et réalisent une bonne atténuation des dommages causés à la cible mais présentent des avantages et des inconvénients. L'association de ces deux types de structures peut être réalisé dans la présente invention afin de rendre plus progressive et uniforme sur la zone d'impact la contrainte maximale générée par le projectile sur la cible et en cherchant à augmenter avec la vitesse, l'étalement du projectile. Une manière industrielle pour les réaliser est d'utiliser une structure alvéolaire a cellule ouverte comme un nid d'abeille à parois fines ou une structure en aluminium déployé inclus dans la mousse polymérisée lors de la fabrication. It is known from a patent of the same inventor that the use of cellular material or microstructure, in particular of the polyphenol or polycarbonate foam type, makes it possible to obtain materials which, during an impact, absorb energy in destruction by shearing. cells or elements of the microstructure; it is also known from another aforementioned patent that the use of alveolar material or aluminum microstructure makes it possible to obtain progressive consumption during an impact by buckling the walls of the cells or elements of the constituent microstructure. These two types of structures allow the force to be limited for impact velocities and achieve a good mitigation of damage to the target but have advantages and disadvantages. The combination of these two types of structures can be realized in the present invention in order to make more progressive and uniform on the impact zone the maximum stress generated by the projectile on the target and seeking to increase with the speed, the spreading the projectile. An industrial way to achieve them is to use an open cell honeycomb structure such as a thin-walled honeycomb or an expanded aluminum structure included in the polymerized foam during manufacture.
Il est connu des réalisations de projectiles sous calibré pour des applications de chasse ou militaire létales comme Sauvestre ou FIER, ces réalisations ont pour objectif d'apporter une plus grande vitesse de sortie, une trajectoire plus plate compte tenue de la structure du projectile sur trajectoire après séparation des coquilles comme pour la balle Sauvestre qui est une version civile de la munition anti-blindé dite flèche et décrite dans le brevet FR19940012835 19941026. It is known achievements of sub-calibrated projectiles for lethal hunting or military applications such as Sauvestre or FIER, these achievements are intended to provide a higher exit speed, a flatter trajectory given the structure of the projectile trajectory after separation of the shells as for the Sauvestre bullet which is a civilian version of the armor-shielded munition known as arrow and described in patent FR19940012835 19941026.
Le brevet JP. Denis décrit un mode de réalisation d'une munition sous calibrée létale sans séparation sur trajectoire, qui permet d'obtenir des comportements différents de la munition en pénétration sur différents types de matériaux ou corps biologiques et permet également de modifier fortement l'aérodynamique et donc la trajectoire du projectile ainsi que sa cinématique. La coque utilisée dans ce type de réalisation n'est pas fragile à l'impact et peut même y jouer un rôle en fonction du type de cible rencontrée. The JP patent. Denis describes an embodiment of a lethal calibrated munition without separation on trajectory, which makes it possible to obtain different behaviors of the ammunition in penetration on different types of materials or biological bodies and also allows to modify strongly the aerodynamics and thus the trajectory of the projectile as well as its kinematics. The hull used in this type of embodiment is not fragile to impact and may even play a role depending on the type of target encountered.
Il s'agit sur les réalisations de projectiles sous calibrés précités d'une réalisation pour des projectiles létaux ou l'on cherche précisément l'inverse de notre objectif, soit un diamètre de perforation diminué pour une plus grande perforation, ce diamètre diminué permet également une amélioration de l'allongement du projectile et de son comportement en vol pour certaines réalisations. It is about the realization of sub-calibrated projectiles of a realization for lethal projectiles where we seek precisely the opposite of our objective, is a diameter of perforation decreased for a greater perforation, this decreased diameter allows also an improvement in the elongation of the projectile and its behavior in flight for some achievements.
Il n'est pas décrit dans l'état de l'art de projectile non létal utilisant une nappe de glissement qui permette un lancement symétrique sans déformation du projectile et soit fragile à l'impact, les réalisations actuelles décrivant un corps cylindrique avant ou tête avec une certaine capacité d'amortissement et d'expansion. La plupart desdits projectiles possèdent une tête réalisée à base de mousse ou structure alvéolaire de propriété diverses : fragile et/ou cassante à l'impact ; élastiques ou déformables de façon réversible ou non. Cette partie avant est en général fixée ou liée à une partie arrière en matière plastique qui a pour fonctions la prise de rayure dans les armes rayées et de façon primordiale le recueil de la poussée des gaz de combustion chauds pendant la phase de propulsion. Le principal défaut aérodynamique de tous ces projectiles à létalité réduite ou revendiquant une non létalité est un équilibre ou le centre de poussée des forces aérodynamiques qui est situé devant le centre de gravité du projectile, la difficulté à l'équilibrer vers l'avant ne résulte pas d'une méconnaissance de l'homme de l'art en aérodynamique, mais bien de l'absence d'un agencement connu qui le permette de façon industrialisable sans générer des inconvénients rédhibitoires comme la destruction ou déformation du projectile lors du lancement ou sa déstabilisation en sortie de lanceur . Faute de stabilisation suffisante par effet gyroscopique, la plupart des projectiles connus ont une forte tendance à se déstabiliser sur sa trajectoire ce qui rend probable que la partie en matériau plastique dur constituant normalement l'arrière dudit projectile puisse avoir un impact direct sur la cible avec des effets létaux ou des atteintes physiologies graves. Ce défaut est corrigé selon l'invention par l'utilisation d'une partie arrière molle mais résistante aux chocs, donc résiliente et qui peut être typiquement constituée de polyéthylène basse densité de préférence pur, on pourra également utiliser du polychlorure de vinyle, du polyuréthane contenant du plastifiant ou un polyimide ayant une proportion suffisante de plastifiant pour abaisser leur point de transition vitreuse en dessous des températures spécifiées pour l'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention.  It is not described in the state of the art of non-lethal projectile using a slip sheet that allows a symmetrical launch without deformation of the projectile and is fragile to the impact, the current achievements describing a cylindrical body before or head with some cushioning and expansion capacity. Most of these projectiles have a head made of foam or honeycomb structure of various properties: fragile and / or brittle at impact; elastic or deformable reversibly or not. This front part is generally attached or linked to a rear plastic part which has the functions of scratching in the rifled weapons and more importantly the collection of the thrust of hot combustion gases during the propulsion phase. The main aerodynamic defect of all these reduced lethal projectiles or claims of non-lethality is an equilibrium or center of thrust of the aerodynamic forces which is located in front of the center of gravity of the projectile, the difficulty in balancing it forward does not result not a lack of knowledge of the art in aerodynamics, but the lack of a known arrangement that allows industrialization without generating unacceptable disadvantages such as the destruction or deformation of the projectile at launch or its destabilization at the exit of launcher. Without sufficient stabilization by gyroscopic effect, most of the known projectiles have a strong tendency to destabilize on its trajectory, which makes it likely that the portion of hard plastic material normally constituting the back of said projectile can have a direct impact on the target with lethal effects or serious physiological damage. This defect is corrected according to the invention by the use of a soft but impact resistant rear part, and therefore resilient and which can be typically made of low density polyethylene, preferably pure, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane can also be used containing plasticizer or polyimide having a sufficient proportion of plasticizer to lower their glass transition point below the temperatures specified for use of the device according to the invention.
Il y un intérêt à développer pour les armes à canon rayé un projectile dont la partie arrière ou prise de rayure soit supprimée ou réduite à une simple opercule afin d'une part d'obtenir un déport vers l'avant du centre de gravité du projectile et d'améliorer sa stabilité sur trajectoire et d'autre part afin d'éviter lors des chocs, notamment en incidence, même légère, que la partie arrière ne provoque des blessures importantes ou embarrures suite à son basculement lors de l'impact. Le principal avantage selon l'invention pour les projectiles destinés aux canons rayés est également d'avoir un projectile dont plus de 60% de la masse dispose d'une capacité d'amortissement alors que dans les projectiles actuels entre 60 et 90% de la masse sont concentrés dans une pièce plastique dangereuse, voir mortelle lors de l'impact pour un récipiendaire non protégé par un casque et une protection corporelle. Pour les lanceurs à canon lisse, il y a un intérêt à développer une munition qui conserve des avantages d'expansion à l'impact comme celui du Bliniz, tout en se donnant la possibilité de réaliser des projectiles stables sur trajectoire comme une flèche d'arc et qui permette de concurrencer les armes à canon rayé pour le domaine d'action. Enfin globalement, les projectiles commercialisés selon l'état de l'art sont déconseillés ou interdits à l'usage en dessous d'une certaine distance du fait de leur capacité d'attrition ; il y a donc un intérêt à développer un projectile précis et stable pour la longue distance mais dont la mollesse et la limitation de force rende son usage possible à courte distance ; les résultats les meilleurs seront obtenus si l'on peut également adapter la vitesse de sortie du lanceur en fonction de la distance de la cible. Le principe de fonctionnement du projectile à l'impact selon l'invention est d'assurer une forte déformation l'enveloppe qui doit être très molle et élastique, donc dotée d'un coefficient d'adhérence qui est typiquement voisin de 80 ; le contact d'une telle enveloppe avec l'âme du canon est donc de nature à freiner de manière dissymétrique le projectile dans le canon. La présente réalisation permet d'obtenir un projectile de diamètre très proche du calibre de l'arme et dont la surface en contact avec le tube lanceur a des coefficients de frottement et d'adhérence faibles et pouvant notamment être en dessous de 0,1 et ceci tout en permettant que le comportement à l'impact ne soit pas affecté sensiblement par cette nappe extérieure du fait de sa faible tenue dynamique. There is an interest in developing a projectile for striped cannon weapons, the rear part of which or the striker being removed or reduced to a simple operculum in order to obtain a forward offset of the center of gravity of the projectile. and to improve its trajectory stability and secondly to avoid during shocks, including incidence, even slight, that the rear part does not cause significant injury or embarrassment following its tipping at impact. The main advantage according to the invention for the projectiles intended for the rifled barrels is also to have a projectile of which more than 60% of the mass has a capacity of damping whereas in the current projectiles between 60 and 90% of the mass are concentrated in a dangerous plastic part, see deadly during impact for a recipient unprotected by a helmet and body protection. For smooth-bore launchers, there is interest in developing ammunition that retains benefits impact expansion like the one at Bliniz, while giving the possibility to make projectiles stable on trajectory like an arrow of bow and which makes it possible to compete with the weapons with rifled barrel for the field of action. Finally, globally, projectiles marketed according to the state of the art are discouraged or forbidden to use below a certain distance because of their ability to attrition; there is therefore an interest in developing a precise and stable projectile for long distance, but whose softness and force limitation makes its use possible at a short distance; the best results will be obtained if the launcher's exit speed can also be adapted to the distance of the target. The operating principle of the impact projectile according to the invention is to ensure a strong deformation the envelope which must be very soft and elastic, so provided with a coefficient of adhesion which is typically close to 80; the contact of such an envelope with the soul of the barrel is therefore likely to brake asymmetrically the projectile in the barrel. The present embodiment makes it possible to obtain a projectile of diameter very close to the caliber of the weapon and whose surface in contact with the launcher tube has low coefficients of friction and adhesion and which may especially be below 0.1 and this while allowing that the impact behavior is not affected substantially by this outer layer because of its low dynamic behavior.
La réalisation de projectile résistant à une force limitée à l'impact nécessite tout d'abord de conserver l'intégrité dudit projectile pendant la phase de lancement, sur cet aspect la présente invention apporte une réponse puisque la nappe 3 assure le glissement symétrique de l'ogive dans le tube de lancement et préserve son intégrité de forme jusqu'à l'impact alors même qu'il est beaucoup plus déformable et mou que les projectiles usuels. Une des réponses déjà apportée à la limitation de la létalité est de permettre une forte expansion soit en faisant appel a des enveloppes élastiques et des contenus sous formes de particules, notamment comme le BeanBag et le Bliniz décrit dans le brevet US6302028 on dans le brevet FR0900303 précité. Les projectiles décrits dans ces brevets ne sont pas dans la pratique réalisables sans compromis entre la précision et la faible létalité; en effet la recherche du meilleur étalement passe par une élasticité la plus grande possible et une faible dureté de l'enveloppe ou peau externe desdits projectiles, de telles réalisations sont amenés à se déformer pendant la phase de propulsion ou même pendant le vol balistique, on arrive ainsi sur le « Bliniz » à des effets de pénétrations réduits mais avec une précision très dégradée par la déformation en vol. La réponse apportée par la présente invention permet non seulement d'éviter la déformation du projectile pendant la phase de lancement, mais d'utiliser simultanément dans le même projectile de telles microstructures ou états divisés de la matière et une structure qui permettra d'assurer la tenue aérodynamique et la limitation de la force maximale appliquée à la cible par une meilleure répartition des contraintes: par nature les particules divisées dans un contenu élastique provoquent à l'impact une augmentation plus importante de la contrainte au centre de l'impact et ce sont les composantes radiales de la transmission des forces de réaction de cet impact central à chacun des grains qui provoque l'étalement. The realization of projectile resistant to a force limited to the impact requires first of all to maintain the integrity of said projectile during the launch phase, in this aspect the present invention provides an answer since the sheet 3 ensures the symmetrical sliding of the ogive in the launch tube and preserves its integrity of form until the impact while it is much more deformable and soft than the usual projectiles. One of the answers already provided to the limitation of the lethality is to allow a strong expansion either by using elastic envelopes and contents in the form of particles, in particular as the BeanBag and the Bliniz described in the patent US6302028 or in the patent FR0900303 supra. The projectiles described in these patents are not practically achievable without compromise between accuracy and low lethality; indeed, the search for the best spreading passes through the greatest possible elasticity and low hardness of the envelope or outer skin of said projectiles, such embodiments are caused to deform during the propulsion phase or even during ballistic flight, thus arrives on the "Bliniz" to effects of reduced penetrations but with a precision very degraded by the deformation in flight. The answer provided by the present invention makes it possible not only to avoid deformation of the projectile during the launching phase, but also to use simultaneously in the same projectile such microstructures or divided states of the material and a structure which will make it possible to ensure the aerodynamic behavior and the limitation of the maximum force applied to the target by a better distribution of the stresses: by nature the particles divided in an elastic content cause to the impact a more important increase of the constraint in the center of the impact and it is the radial components of the transmission of the reaction forces of this central impact to each of the grains that causes the spreading.
On appelle absorption d'énergie dans la présente description, l'utilisation de l'énergie pour une destruction ou une déformation non réversible c'est-à-dire que lorsque la force appliquée disparaît, ladite déformation subsiste sans effet de restitution d'énergie mécanique. En particulier l'application d'une force ou la fourniture d'énergie mécanique lors d'un impact sur une mousse élastomère ou caoutchouc élastique conduit à une forte compression qui conduit en cas d'arrêt de l'effort à une restitution mécanique sous forme par exemple de rebond, ce qui est préjudiciable à l'objectif recherché de délivrer l'énergie du projectile à la cible.  Energy absorption in the present description is the use of energy for a non-reversible destruction or deformation, that is to say that when the applied force disappears, said deformation remains without any effect of restitution of energy. mechanical. In particular the application of a force or the supply of mechanical energy during an impact on an elastomeric foam or elastic rubber leads to a high compression which leads in case of cessation of the effort to a mechanical restitution in form for example rebound, which is detrimental to the desired goal of delivering the energy of the projectile to the target.
Si l'on prend un projectile classique, dont la destination opérationnelle est le maintien de l'ordre et qui revendique une atténuation de la létalité à l'impact, tel que commercialisé ou décrit dans les brevets existant on trouve toujours une partie qui rebondit de façon mécanique élastique, et notamment à vitesse significativement élevée, d'où un danger potentiel lors de son rebond. L'examen de l'état de l'art montre donc que l'on dispose de deux sortes de projectiles plus ou moins létaux selon l'énergie et la zone d'impact et commercialisés dans la catégorie des projectiles cinétiques non létaux selon le type d'arme qui les utilise. Premièrement des projectiles adaptés aux armes à canon rayé qui disposent d'un sabot ou culot qui a pour première fonction de prendre les rayures afin d'assurer une stabilisation dudit projectile par mise en rotation et effet gyroscopique sur sa trajectoire. Par conséquent cette partie se doit d'être en matériau résilient et peu déformable à l'impact, un tel projectile est donc de fait potentiellement très dangereux s'il arrive sur cette partie arrière du fait de sa faible déformabilité et de sa faible capacité à absorber une partie de l'énergie du choc d'impact de part sa modification physique (destruction, déformation, modification des liaisons moléculaires). Deuxièmement de projectiles adaptés aux armes à canon lisse que l'on peut séparer en deux groupes : le premier groupe est celui des projectiles stabilisés par empennage ou corps allongé sur leur partie arrière. Ces éléments sont usuellement en matériau dur et peu déformables, en conséquence, même s'ils sont plus légers et plus fins que le culot ou ceinture de prise de rayure des projectiles pour armes rayées, ils ne participent pas à l'effet d'absorption ou d'étalement du choc à l'impact ; le deuxième groupe est celui des projectiles à courte portée qui revendiquent une grande surface d'impact, ils sont en général caractérisés par un mauvais facteur de forme aérodynamique. On rentre dans cette catégorie tous les projectiles déformables à contenu solide ou peu déformable comme les « bean bags » ou « bliniz » par exemple ainsi que les projectiles travaillant en écrasement comme celui du « flash bail » de la société « Verney Carron ». On voit donc que les projectiles proposés actuellement sont soit potentiellement dangereux, à l'impact, soit possèdent des caractéristiques aérodynamiques qui les limitent à des usages limités à de faibles distances de tir. If we take a conventional projectile, whose operational purpose is the maintenance of order and which claims an attenuation of the lethality at impact, as marketed or described in the existing patents, we always find a bouncing part of mechanically elastic, and especially at a significantly high speed, hence a potential danger during its rebound. Examination of the state of the art thus shows that two types of projectiles are available which are more or less lethal according to the energy and the impact zone and marketed in the category of non-lethal kinetic projectiles according to the type. weapon that uses them. First projectiles adapted to the rifled guns that have a shoe or base which has the first function of taking the stripes to ensure stabilization of said projectile by rotating and gyroscopic effect on its trajectory. Therefore this part must be of resilient material and little deformable to the impact, such a projectile is therefore potentially very dangerous if it arrives on this rear part because of its low deformability and its low capacity to to absorb a part of the energy of impact shock due to its physical modification (destruction, deformation, modification of molecular bonds). Secondly projectiles adapted to smooth-bore weapons that can be divided into two groups: the first group is that of projectiles stabilized by empennage or body lying on their rear part. These elements are usually made of hard material and not very deformable, therefore, even if they are lighter and thinner than the scratch pad or projectile stripe of striped weapons, they do not participate in the absorption effect. or spreading shock at impact; the second group is that of short-range projectiles which claim a large impact area, they are generally characterized by a bad aerodynamic form factor. This category includes all the deformable projectiles with solid content or little deformable like the "bean bags" or "bliniz" for example and the projectiles working in crash like that of the "flash lease" of the company "Verney Carron". It can be seen that the projectiles currently proposed are either potentially dangerous at impact or have aerodynamic characteristics that limit them to limited uses at short firing distances.
Les projectiles déformables utilisés ont des coefficients d'adhérence qui sont en général médiocres car supérieur à 0,5 et viendraient freiner le départ s'ils rentraient en contact avec le canon, notamment avec une enveloppe caoutchouc dont le coefficient de frottement sur l'acier est de 0,3 à 0,5 en statique, et le coefficient d'adhérence qui rend compte de son déplacement s'établit lui plutôt autour de 0,8. On obtient alors si la déformation du projectile n'est pas parfaitement symétrique, soit quasiment tout le temps, en sortie de canon une force de déstabilisation qui nuit fortement à la balistique en provoquant un mouvement soit de barrique, soit une oscillation en nutation dans le cas d'un projectile stabilisé en rotation. Afin d'éviter ce contact, on fait appel selon l'état de l'art soit à une ceinture de prise de rayure pour ceux entraînés en rotation ou l'on évite que la partie déformable de la tête touche l'âme du canon pour les lanceurs à âme lisse en réduisant le diamètre de la tête caoutchouc ou polymère, ce qui augmente le niveau de contrainte par unité de surface appliqué sur la zone d'impact de la cible.  The deformable projectiles used have adhesion coefficients which are generally mediocre because greater than 0.5 and would slow down the start if they came into contact with the barrel, in particular with a rubber envelope whose coefficient of friction on the steel is 0.3 to 0.5 in static, and the coefficient of adhesion which accounts for its displacement is rather established around 0.8. We obtain then if the deformation of the projectile is not perfectly symmetrical, or almost all the time, at the exit of the gun a destabilizing force which harms the ballistics by causing a movement is of barrel, or a oscillation in nutation in the case of a projectile stabilized in rotation. In order to avoid this contact, use is made according to the state of the art of either a stripping belt for those driven in rotation or it is avoided that the deformable part of the head touches the core of the barrel for the smooth-core launchers by reducing the diameter of the rubber or polymer head, which increases the level of stress per unit area applied to the impact area of the target.
Pour les projectiles destinés à des lanceurs à âme lisse, on utilise alors un sabot destiné à protéger ledit projectile du coup de flamme, d'encaisser l'accélération et faciliter son glissement comme c'est le cas pour le projectile du « flash bail » qui utilise un sabot enveloppant et d'autres projectiles cinétiques déformables de 38 ou 40 mm qui utilisent préférentiellement un sabot pare feu équipé d'une ceinture de prise de rayure pour les armes rayées.  For projectiles intended for launchers with a smooth core, a shoe is then used to protect said projectile from the blow of flame, to collect the acceleration and to facilitate its sliding as is the case for the projectile of the "flash lease" which uses an enveloping shoe and other deformable kinetic projectiles of 38 or 40 mm which preferentially use a fire-resistant shoe equipped with a stripe-catching belt for the striped weapons.
Le besoin opérationnel d'un projectile non létal facile à produire industriellement se ramène au problème posé d'avoir un projectile hautement déformable lors d'un impact et comportant un minimum de parties dures ou blessantes, néanmoins conçu pour qu'il puisse supporter sans modification de ses caractéristiques une accélération comme par exemple celle du lancement, et reste intègre en forme et structure pendant les phases balistiques de lancement et de vol, tout en étant propulsé avec un minimum de frottement pendant la phase de lancement. Hors afin d'être moins blessant les solutions sont connues et décrites dans l'état de l'art puisqu'il s'agit d'utiliser au contact de la cible des matériaux capables de grandes déformations ou dispersion dans un contenu élastique, le problème non résolu est comment réussir à conserver une intégrité de forme à ces ensembles composites mous ou très déformables, leur déformation étant selon les aléas toujours dissymétriques et donc nuisibles à la balistique, sans les enfermer dans une coquille dure et donc blessante. On voit donc clairement ici qu'il n'est pas possible de stabiliser sur trajectoire un projectile dont une partie aurait touché ou adhéré de façon privilégiée d'un côté lors du lancement. Les problèmes à résoudre concernant le glissement symétrique et à frottement réduit au lancement associé à l'intégrité du projectile sur trajectoire étant à priori contradictoire de la déformation élastique sur cible qui est la caractéristique d'un projectile mou et adhérent. La solution apportée est d'utiliser premièrement un c ur rigide et résistant à la compression statique qui sert de structure porteuse utilisée à l'impact comme limiteur de force en produisant une décélération adaptée , deuxièmement une enveloppe élastique qui a elle-même une capacité de déformation du fait de la nature des molécules ou polymères à chaînes longues utilisés et permet également d'équilibrer ledit projectile vers l'avant, le troisième élément qui vient figer sa forme extérieure et abaisser son coefficient d'adhérence est une nappe thermo-formable produisant une constriction des éléments précédents tout en ayant un comportement fragile lors de l'impact afin de ne pas en empêcher l'étalement, ce dernier composant permettant de résoudre le problème global en utilisant certaines caractéristiques des différents composants seulement à l'instant où elle sont nécessaires. The operational need for a non-lethal projectile that is easy to produce industrially comes down to the problem of having a highly deformable projectile during an impact and having a minimum of hard or offensive parts, nevertheless designed so that it can withstand without modification its characteristics an acceleration such as that of the launch, and remains integral in shape and structure during the launch and flight ballistic phases, while being propelled with a minimum of friction during the launch phase. Except in order to be less offensive the solutions are known and described in the state of the art since it is to use in contact with the target materials capable of large deformations or dispersion in an elastic content, the problem unresolved is how to succeed in preserving a form integrity to these soft or highly deformable composite assemblies, their deformation being according to the random always dissymmetrical and thus harmful to the ballistics, without enclosing them in a hard shell and thus offensive. It is therefore clear here that it is not possible to stabilize on trajectory a projectile part of which would have touched or adhered in a privileged way on one side during the launch. The problems to be solved concerning symmetric sliding and reduced friction at the launch associated with the integrity of the projectile on trajectory being a priori contradictory of the elastic deformation on target which is the characteristic of a soft and adherent projectile. The solution is to first use a rigid and resistant to static compression core which serves as a load-bearing structure used as a force limiter by producing a suitable deceleration, secondly an elastic envelope which itself has a capacity of deformation due to the nature of the long-chain molecules or polymers used and also makes it possible to balance said projectile forwards, the third element that froze its external shape and lower its adhesion coefficient is a thermoformable sheet producing a constriction of the preceding elements while having a fragile behavior during the impact so as not to prevent the spreading thereof, the latter component making it possible to solve the global problem by using certain characteristics of the different components only at the moment when they are required.
Le projectile cinétique ou incapacitant dévoilé par l'inventeur est destiné à tous les lanceurs de défense, que leur mode de propulsion soit pyrotechnique ou au moyen d'un gaz comprimé. Le projectile pouvant être composé d'une multiplicité de parties permettant essentiellement, d'absorber le choc et qui lui permet de conserver de bonnes caractéristiques aérodynamiques et de stabilité sur trajectoire du fait de l'invention. Premièrement le projectile est capable de réaliser un transfert d'une grande partie de l'énergie de l'impact vers la cible à travers ladite partie ou directement et à destination finale de ladite partie par destruction, déformation irréversible, en évitant une pénétration de la cible biologique. En sont exclus les plastiques durs ou élastomères durs, notamment de dureté supérieure à 40 Shore A, la réduction de la dureté et l'augmentation de la capacité d'allongement à la rupture permettant d'éviter que ladite paroi présente une caractéristique de flambage participant à la force d'impact appliquée sur la cible, force qui de plus augmente avec la vitesse dans la plupart des cas, et cela même pour des masses volumiques plus faibles obtenues par l'utilisation de mousse. Deuxièmement un projectile selon l'invention conserve de bonnes caractéristiques aérodynamiques pendant son lancement et son vol, qui lui permettent d'assurer une précision opérationnelle satisfaisante à des distances similaires à celles obtenues par des projectiles cinétiques propulsés par des armes rayées. Troisièmement un projectile selon l'invention permet l'utilisation d'une tête très molle, jusqu'à des duretés de l'enveloppe élastique inférieures à 80 ShoreOO et cela malgré le coefficient de frottement élevé du matériau utilisé pour la tête d'impact, soit typiquement des valeurs d'au moins 0,35 pour un frottement sur de l'acier et qui atteigne une valeur de 0,7 ou plus en coefficient d'adhérence sur l'acier, caractéristique nécessaire pour que le projectile se déforme sans ricocher sur la cible et ceci à des incidences élevées, c'est-à-dire des trajectoires d'impact, colinéaires avec l'axe du projectile et ayant une incidence supérieure à 45° avec la normale à la surface de ladite cible. En terme vulgaire la restriction appliquée par la nappe extérieure d'une part et le noyau intérieur d'autre part sur le matériau mou, élastique et cependant résilient, l'empêchent de se déformer dans l'arme, autorisant ainsi le lancement de projectiles ayant un comportement à l'impact tel que celui des matières gélatineuses ou visqueuses du type "splattball" par exemple; cette capacité à obtenir des trajectoires répétitives du fait de l'absence de déformation aussi bien dans l'arme que sur la trajectoire de projectiles très mous et déformables à l'impact est la caractéristique majeure pour les applications industrielles de ladite invention, que ce soit pour des projectiles non létaux utilisés en maintien de l'ordre avec des lanceurs traditionnels, mais aussi pour une utilisation en munition d'entraînement ou de simulation ou de défense personnelle, notamment avec des lanceurs utilisant des gaz comprimés. The kinetic or incapacitating projectile unveiled by the inventor is intended for all defensive launchers, whether their method of propulsion is pyrotechnic or by means of a compressed gas. The projectile can be composed of a multiplicity of parts essentially allowing to absorb the shock and which allows it to maintain good aerodynamic characteristics and stability on trajectory due to the invention. First, the projectile is capable of transferring a large part of the energy of the impact towards the target through said part or directly and to the final destination of said part by destruction, irreversible deformation, avoiding a penetration of the biological target. It does not include hard plastics or hard elastomers, in particular of hardness greater than 40 Shore A, the reduction of the hardness and the increase of the elongation capacity at break making it possible to prevent said wall from exhibiting a participating buckling characteristic. the force of impact applied to the target, which force increases with speed in most cases, and this even for lower densities obtained by the use of foam. Second, a projectile according to the invention retains good aerodynamic characteristics during launch and flight, which allow it to ensure satisfactory operational accuracy at distances similar to those obtained by kinetic projectiles propelled by rifled weapons. Thirdly, a projectile according to the invention allows the use of a very soft head, up to hardnesses of the elastic envelope less than 80 ShoreOO and this despite the high coefficient of friction of the material used for the impact head, typically values of at least 0.35 for a friction on steel and which reaches a value of 0.7 or more in coefficient of adhesion on the steel, a characteristic necessary for the projectile to deform without ricocheting on the target and this at high incidences, that is to say impact paths, collinear with the axis of the projectile and having an incidence greater than 45 ° with the normal to the surface of said target. In vulgar terms the restriction applied by the outer layer on the one hand and the inner core on the other hand on the soft, elastic and yet resilient material, prevent it from being deformed in the weapon, thus allowing the launching of projectiles having an impact behavior such as that of gelatinous or viscous materials such as "splattball" for example; this ability to obtain repetitive trajectories due to the absence of deformation both in the weapon and on the trajectory of very soft and deformable projectiles on impact is the major characteristic for the industrial applications of this invention, whether for non-lethal projectiles used in policing with traditional launchers, but also for use in training ammunition or simulation or personal defense, including launchers using compressed gases.
Le projectile selon l'invention est constitué: - d'un corps dit cylindrique ou de révolution autour de l'axe de lancement, formé d'au moins une partie homogène constituée de matériau alvéolaire, mousse ou microstructures ouvertes ou fermées ayant une capacité d'absorption de l'énergie au sens défini dans la description. Pour une réalisation usuelle ladite partie sera avantageusement de masse volumique inférieure à 250 Kg par mètre cube pour l'absorption d'énergie en compression dynamique ou choc qui s'effectue soit premièrement par cisaillement des parois des cellules ou éléments constitutifs de ladite structure, l'élongation à la rupture étant faible pour le type de matériau qui la constitue, soit deuxièmement par déformation ductile permanente ou irréversible, notamment par flambage de parois ou surfaces minces. Il est possible d'obtenir des ensembles homogènes combinant ces deux propriétés d'absorption, soit par exemple une microstructure à cellule ouverte en aluminium du type fila ire ou mousse à cellules ouvertes qui est incluse dans une mousse à base de polyphénols. Cette réalisation présentant l'avantage du fait de la présence de l'aluminium ou éventuellement magnésium d'obtenir une tenue en déformation et donc une force qui décroit avec la vitesse de déformation, donc selon la vitesse d'impact alors que la rupture d'une mousse polyphénolique s'effectue par cisaillement et reste quasiment indépendante de la vitesse d'impact. The projectile according to the invention consists of: a body said to be cylindrical or of revolution about the launching axis, formed of at least one homogeneous part made of cellular material, foam or open or closed microstructures having a capacity of absorption of energy in the sense defined in the description. For a usual embodiment, said portion will advantageously have a density of less than 250 Kg per cubic meter for absorbing energy in dynamic compression or shock which is effected either by shearing the walls of the cells or elements constituting said structure first. elongation at break being low for the type of material constituting it, or secondly by permanent or irreversible ductile deformation, in particular by buckling walls or thin surfaces. It is possible to obtain homogeneous assemblies combining these two absorption properties, for example an open-cell aluminum cell microstructure of the filamentary type or open cell foam which is included in a polyphenol-based foam. This embodiment having the advantage of the fact of the presence of aluminum or possibly magnesium to obtain a deformation behavior and therefore a force which decreases with the speed of deformation, so depending on the speed of impact while the rupture of a polyphenolic foam is sheared and remains almost independent of the impact velocity.
- d'une tête ou partie avant de masse volumique supérieure à 500 Kg/m3 en matériau polymère élastique, éventuellement sous forme de mousse, avec une limite à l'allongement supérieure à 100%, meilleure si supérieure à 400%, de dureté inférieure à 40 Shore A, mais encore meilleure si elle est plus molle soit typiquement d'une dureté shore inférieure à 80 Shore 00 et dispose d'une capacité de déformation élastique qui soit préservée en dynamique, cette caractéristique est souvent ignorée par les constructeurs de projectiles qui utilisent le caoutchouc alors même qu'il est bien connu que le comportement de certains caoutchouc peut changer en dynamique en devenant plus dur pour de vitesse de déformations plus élevées ; il est même connu pour jouet pour les enfants des balles en caoutchouc qui rebondissent faiblement à faible hauteur, mais qui au-delà d'une certaine vitesse d'impact deviennent si dures qu'elles restituent presque l'intégralité de leur énergie, permettant ainsi un rebond très important. Nous avons recherché pour les réalisations de la tête selon la présente invention des matériaux mous mais élastiques à mémoire de forme dont ces caractéristiques perdurent aux vitesses habituelles d'impact, soit environ 100 mètres par seconde. Le matériau utilisé posséder un coefficient de frottement mesuré en statique élevé sur un métal, par exemple supérieur à 0,4 sur de l'acier inoxydable poli ; le coefficient d'adhérence qui est le coefficient mesuré sur les pièces en mouvement étant lui plus élevé soit des valeurs typique de 0,7 ou mieux 0,8 sur de l'acier et pourra être adapté selon l'usage opérationnel qui en est fait, notamment de façon à permettre l'atteinte de cibles sous un angle d'incidence plus important que les projectiles selon l'état de l'art pour des formes extérieures identiques. La mesure de frottement est une valeur sans unité qui est un rapport entre les composantes tangentielles et normales à la surface mais dont les valeurs minimales sont données sur de l'acier puisqu'elles sont connues ou mesurées pour de nombreux matériaux par rapport à ces supports métalliques qui sont les moins adhérents ou les plus glissants. - a head or front part with a density greater than 500 kg / m 3 of elastic polymer material, optionally in the form of foam, with an elongation limit of greater than 100%, better if greater than 400%, of hardness less than 40 Shore A, but even better if it is softer or is typically of shore hardness less than 80 Shore 00 and has an elastic deformation capacity which is preserved in dynamics, this characteristic is often ignored by the manufacturers of projectiles that use rubber even though it is well known that the behavior of some rubber can change into dynamic by becoming harder for higher deformation velocities; it is even known to toy children with rubber balls that bounce weakly at low height, but that beyond a certain speed of impact become so hard that they restore almost all of their energy, thus allowing a very important rebound. We searched for the achievements of the head according to the present invention of soft but resilient shape memory materials whose characteristics persist at the usual impact speeds of about 100 meters per second. The material used has a coefficient of friction measured in high static on a metal, for example greater than 0.4 on polished stainless steel; the coefficient of adhesion, which is the coefficient measured on the moving parts, being higher, ie, values of 0.7 or better, 0.8 on steel and may be adapted according to the operational use made of it. , in particular so as to allow the attainment of targets at a higher angle of incidence than the projectiles according to the state of the art for identical external forms. The friction measurement is a unitless value which is a ratio between tangential and normal surface components but whose minimum values are given on steel since they are known or measured for many materials in relation to these supports. metal which is the least adherent or the most slippery.
La combinaison du corps cylindrique de masse volumique peu élevé et de cette partie avant 2 de masse volumique au moins deux fois plus importante permet au projectile de posséder un centre de gravité proche de l'avant du projectile qui est obtenu selon l'invention sans dégrader les performances balistiques ou d'étalement. The combination of the cylindrical body of low density and this front portion 2 of density at least twice as large allows the projectile to have a center of gravity close to the front of the projectile which is obtained according to the invention without degrading ballistic or spreading performance.
- d'au moins un ensemble extérieur ou nappe lié par serrage du type constriction annulaire ou radiale qui peut être obtenue notamment par une procédé de thermoformage d'un élastomère ou tube plastique thermo-rétractable autour du corps cylindrique et éventuellement autour d'une partie de la tête, formant un ensemble de révolution autour de l'axe, ledit ensemble constituée de matériau polymère ou film souple quelconque ayant un coefficient de frottement réduit sur les métaux couramment utilisés pour les tubes de lancement comme l'acier ou l'aluminium, soit typiquement moins de 0,3 et un coefficient d'adhérence le plus bas possible, soit typiquement 0,05 pour une nappe en PTFE ou moins de 0,1 pour une nappe en polychlorure de vinyle lubrifié, ce dernier composé présentant un avantage de prix et de fragilité à l'impact longitudinal ; on obtient cependant un évitement de la déformation du projectile lors de son lancement et notamment un glissement symétrique par rapport à l'axe ; la striction du matériau mou et élastique sur la structure alvéolaire interne produisant étonnamment un projectile dur au toucher , qui dispose d'un frottement modéré et symétrique compte tenu de son faible coefficient d'adhérence sur le métal dans le tube de lancement, mais qui devient très mou lors de l'impact. Les matériaux répondant aux caractéristiques requises pour obtenir une réalisation selon l'état de l'art sont bien connus pour des applications industrielles variées comme le gainage et l'isolation de conducteurs électriques ; il s'agit notamment de produits à base de polyoléfine, de polychlorure de vinyle ou de produits à base de polytetrafluoroéthylène, polyfluoro vinylidène qui seront préférés pour les fabrications selon la présente invention du fait de leur coefficient de friction et de leur stabilité comportementale en température. Ladite tête pourra être liée au corps cylindrique par cette simple force de constriction de la nappe ; on pourra pour une meilleure tenue, notamment lors des manipulations de fabrication ou de mise en œuvre du projectile réaliser une liaison plus forte, notamment par collage ou compte tenu de l'élasticité du matériau constitutif de ladite tête venir enserrer une partie du corps cylindrique, par exemple dans une gorge réalisée à cet effet dans le corps. La nappe extérieure est classiquement obtenue à partir d'un tube unique de préférence par thermoformage de striction, réalisée dans un matériau telle que cette nappe soit fragile et/ou cassante a la vitesse d'impact prévue, ce qui pourra écarter le PTFE comme choix possible si les exigences d'étalement sont élevées. at least one outer assembly or ply bonded by clamping of the annular or radial constriction type which can be obtained in particular by a method of thermoforming an elastomer or heat-shrinkable plastic tube around the cylindrical body and possibly around a part the head, forming an assembly of revolution about the axis, said assembly consisting of any polymeric material or flexible film having a reduced coefficient of friction on the metals commonly used for launch tubes such as steel or aluminum, is typically less than 0.3 and a coefficient of adhesion as low as possible, that is typically 0.05 for a PTFE web or less than 0.1 for a lubricated polyvinyl chloride web, the latter compound having an advantage of price and fragility at longitudinal impact; however, avoidance of the deformation of the projectile during its launch and in particular a symmetrical sliding with respect to the axis; the narrowing of the soft and elastic material on the internal honeycomb structure surprisingly producing a projectile hard to the touch, which has a moderate and symmetrical friction given its low coefficient of adhesion on the metal in the launch tube, but which becomes very soft on impact. Materials meeting the characteristics required for achieving a state of the art realization are well known for various industrial applications such as cladding and insulation of electrical conductors; these include products based on polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride or products based on polytetrafluoroethylene, polyfluoro vinylidene which will be preferred for the fabrications according to the present invention because of their coefficient of friction and their behavioral stability in temperature . Said head may be linked to the cylindrical body by this simple force of constriction of the sheet; we can for a better holding, in particular during manufacturing or projectile handling operations, making a stronger connection, in particular by bonding or taking into account the elasticity of the material constituting said head, to grip a part of the cylindrical body, for example in a groove made at this effect in the body. The outer ply is conventionally obtained from a single tube, preferably by necking thermoforming, made of a material such that this ply is fragile and / or brittle at the expected impact speed, which can remove the PTFE as a choice. possible if the spreading requirements are high.
Si le corps cylindrique est composé de plusieurs parties, celles-ci peuvent avoir des modes d'absorption ou d'étalement surfacique de la surface de contact cible-projectile ou de l'énergie ou réaction à une force qui leur est appliquée qui est différent selon chaque partie et en particulier lors d'un impact, en particulier ces parties peuvent être soit empilées longitudinalement, soit concentriques où bien encore réalisées en inclusion ou mélange lors de la fabrication de la mousse avant polymérisation, l'essentiel étant de préserver une symétrie de révolution afin d'obtenir un équilibre du moment d'inertie du projectile autour de l'axe A. If the cylindrical body is composed of several parts, these may have modes of absorption or surface spread of the target-projectile contact surface or the energy or reaction to a force applied to them which is different according to each part and in particular during an impact, in particular these parts can be either stacked longitudinally, or concentric or even made in inclusion or mixing during the manufacture of the foam before polymerization, the main thing being to preserve a symmetry of revolution in order to obtain a balance of the moment of inertia of the projectile around the axis A.
Différentes configurations sont possibles afin de prendre en compte la vitesse d'impact et la montée en charge lors de l'impact, notamment afin d'obtenir une montée en charge progressive en utilisant des mousses de masses volumiques différentes ou faisant appel à des matériaux structurels différents. La partie centrale ou corps peut être constituée d'une combinaison de sous ensembles formés de microstructures ou matériaux alvéolaires de masses volumiques différentes, ce qui permet de sélectionner pour la partie avant ceux qui présentent soit les caractéristiques les meilleures pour les vitesses importantes, pour une montée en charge progressive ou ayant les masses volumiques les plus élevées afin de conserver un centre de gravité vers l'avant dudit projectile. II peut être réalisé notamment par couches concentriques de même nature ou par empilement de blocs dans le sens longitudinal, ou par une combinaison de ces deux agencements. Different configurations are possible in order to take into account the impact velocity and the increase in load during the impact, in particular in order to obtain a gradual increase in load using different density foams or using structural materials. different. The central part or body may consist of a combination of sub-assemblies formed of microstructures or cellular materials of different densities, which makes it possible to select for the front part those which have either the best characteristics for the high speeds, for a particular progressive loading or having the highest densities to maintain a center of gravity forward of said projectile. It can be produced in particular by concentric layers of the same nature or by stacking blocks in the longitudinal direction, or by a combination of these two arrangements.
La combinaison de l'utilisation de plusieurs sous-ensembles constitués de microstructures ou matériau alvéolaire permet également d'utiliser les propriétés de chacune dans le domaine de vitesse ou elle procure les meilleures performances, ce qui est particulièrement intéressant du fait que la vitesse d'impact de l'avant du projectile sur la cible est naturellement plus élevé que celle du milieu du projectile puisque la partie avant détruite à l'impact a produit une décélération. Ainsi pour la mousse d'aluminium, celui-ci ayant un module décroissant avec la vitesse, la force peut être correctement maîtrisée sur les vitesses entre 50 et 100 m/s comme il est indiqué dans le dernier brevet cité dans l'état de l'art décrit précédemment. Ce niveau de force va rester élevé pour des vitesses relativement plus faibles avec un étalement très faible du projectile aux faibles vitesses. Pour la mousse ayant un mode de rupture par cisaillement comme une mousse réalisée en résine polymère comme polycarbonate, polyphénols ou polyméthacrylimides ou en matériau biodégradable comme la meringue, le niveau de contrainte locale, ou en le moyennant sur une surface rigide le niveau de force appliquée à la cible varie de façon quasi linéaire en fonction de la masse volumique de la mousse. L'utilisation d'une mousse de masse volumique plus élevée conduit donc à des niveaux de freinage et d'absorption d'énergie supérieure mais avec un niveau de force plus élevé. Il est donc judicieux de combiner différentes masses volumiques de mousse ayant des caractéristiques différentes afin d'obtenir un niveau de force maximale appliquée à la cible lors de l'impact réduit et également un niveau de contrainte locale sur la cible faible ce qui implique un étalement le plus important possible, c'est-à-dire une expansion la plus importante possible de la zone d'impact du projectile. Pour obtenir un tel résultat avec notamment une montée en force plus progressive, on pourra utiliser les mousses usuelles telles que polyuréthane de faible dureté ou autre mousse usuellement utilisées dans les projectiles décrits dans l'état de l'art. The combination of the use of several subassemblies consisting of microstructures or cellular material also makes it possible to use the properties of each in the range of speed or it provides the best performances, which is particularly interesting because the speed of The impact of the front of the projectile on the target is naturally higher than that of the middle of the projectile since the front part destroyed at impact has produced a deceleration. Thus for the aluminum foam, the latter having a decreasing modulus with the speed, the force can be correctly controlled on the speeds between 50 and 100 m / s as indicated in the last patent cited in the state of the art. art described above. This level of force will remain high for relatively lower speeds with a very small spread of the projectile at low speeds. For foam having a shear failure mode As a foam made of polymeric resin such as polycarbonate, polyphenols or polymethacrylimides or biodegradable material such as meringue, the local stress level, or by averaging it on a rigid surface the level of force applied to the target varies almost linearly depending on the density of the foam. The use of a higher density foam therefore leads to higher levels of braking and energy absorption but with a higher level of force. It is therefore advisable to combine different densities of foam with different characteristics in order to obtain a maximum force level applied to the target during the reduced impact and also a level of local stress on the weak target which implies a spreading as much as possible, ie the greatest possible expansion of the impact zone of the projectile. To obtain such a result including a more gradual increase in strength, it will be possible to use the usual foams such as low-hardness polyurethane or other foam usually used in the projectiles described in the state of the art.
Selon une amélioration d'une réalisation selon l'invention, ladite nappe extérieure est obtenue à partir d'un tube unique mis en œuvre par thermoformage afin d'obtenir une striction de révolution uniforme des éléments situés à l'intérieur, il peut s'agir du corps cylindrique, mais également des autres éléments tels que la tête et la rondelle d'amortissement situé à l'arrière ou de toute autre partie qu'il conviendrait de placer à l'intérieur, par exemple afin de lisser les irrégularités ou créer une élasticité radiale afin d'assurer un meilleur guidage. Selon l'invention il est avantageux que ladite nappe extérieure soit rendue fragile et/ou cassante pour la vitesse d'impact prévue, ce qui assure que cette partie ne viendra pas limiter l'expansion dudit projectile, d'autre part si épaisseur, par exemple moins de 0,5 millimètre et son poids sont limités, les éclats ne seront alors pas blessants lors de l'impact.  According to an improvement of an embodiment according to the invention, said outer ply is obtained from a single tube implemented by thermoforming in order to obtain a necking of uniform revolution of the elements situated inside, it can be acting on the cylindrical body, but also other elements such as the head and the damping washer located at the rear or any other part that should be placed inside, for example to smooth irregularities or create radial elasticity to ensure better guidance. According to the invention, it is advantageous if said outer ply is made fragile and / or brittle for the expected impact speed, which ensures that this part will not come to limit the expansion of said projectile, on the other hand if thickness, by example less than 0.5 millimeter and its weight are limited, splinters will not be hurtful during the impact.
Selon une réalisation préférée de l'inventeur, le corps cylindrique est inséré dans une enveloppe en matériau élastique à fort allongement à la rupture de plus de 100% ou mieux de plus de 400% formant cavité et d'épaisseur de paroi latérale mince par rapport à son diamètre. De préférence, l'épaisseur de la paroi latérale de la cavité épaisseur est inférieure à 10%, de préférence inférieure à 5% de son diamètre total. Ladite enveloppe élastique restant elle- même enveloppée par la nappe extérieure 3. Ledit matériau élastique est préférentiellement un absorbeur d'énergie de choc ou vibration, en particulier des élastomères thermoplastiques tels que copolymères de polyuréthane et polyéther, polystyrène bloc ou tels que ceux commercialisés sous la marque « Sorbothane » dont les liaisons moléculaires sont modifiées par l'énergie d'impact et qui pour certains d'entre eux restituent partiellement cette énergie sous forme de chaleur. Il peut s'agir également d'une couche d'épaisseur fine similaire à celle d'un ballon de baudruche, par exemple en latex ou caoutchouc à fort allongement à la rupture. Ce résultat peut notamment être obtenu par trempage dans une résine polymère additionnée d'une forte proportion de plastifiant avant réticulation ou dans un bain de caoutchouc naturel ou synthétique avant vulcanisation. Des composés très mous et élastiques peuvent également être obtenus par dilution de thermoplastique dans au moins un plastifiant. Ledit matériau élastique est préférentiellement très élastique et un absorbeur d'énergie de choc ou vibration, ladite enveloppe n'ayant pas pour finalité d'obtenir un rebond ou un effet ressort par flambage de ladite enveloppe au moment de l'impact, mais au contraire un étalement maximum de l'impact tout en préservant la globalité extérieur du projectile dans son ensemble. Cette enveloppe n'est pas nécessairement étanche, mais une réalisation étanche présente l'avantage de confiner les résidus de destruction du matériau constitutif du corps cylindrique lors de l'impact. Cette amélioration de la présente invention peut également être considérée comme une amélioration de l'invention du même auteur telle que publiée par l'USPTO sous le n° de brevet US 8 671 841B2, le principal défaut d'une réalisation selon cette invention précédente étant la difficulté de réalisation d'un collage ou d'une striction de l'enveloppe seule qui permette d'assurer une absence de contact avec le tube pendant le lancement, la réalisation du projectile nécessitant de prendre une marge de sécurité entre le diamètre de l'ogive et le diamètre du tube afin d'éviter des frottements. La présente invention vient permettre de réaliser des projectiles tels que définis dans le brevet initial mais avec un diamètre permettant un frottement symétrique et très atténué avec le canon, qui évite les déformations dissymétriques préjudiciables au bon fonctionnement ou à la précision. According to a preferred embodiment of the inventor, the cylindrical body is inserted in a casing made of elastic material with a high elongation at break of more than 100% or more preferably of more than 400% forming a cavity and having a thin sidewall thickness relative to to its diameter. Preferably, the thickness of the side wall of the cavity thickness is less than 10%, preferably less than 5% of its total diameter. Said elastic envelope itself remaining enveloped by the outer ply 3. Said elastic material is preferably a shock or vibration energy absorber, in particular thermoplastic elastomers such as polyurethane and polyether copolymers, polystyrene block or such as those marketed under the "Sorbothane" brand, the molecular bonds of which are modified by the energy of impact and which for some of them partially restore this energy in the form of heat. It may also be a layer of thin thickness similar to that of a balloon, for example latex or rubber with high elongation at break. This result can in particular be obtained by dipping in a polymer resin with a high proportion of plasticizer before crosslinking or in a bath of natural or synthetic rubber before vulcanization. Very soft and elastic compounds can also obtained by diluting thermoplastic in at least one plasticizer. Said elastic material is preferably very elastic and a shock or vibration energy absorber, said envelope not having the purpose of obtaining a rebound or spring effect by buckling of said envelope at the moment of impact, but on the contrary a maximum spread of the impact while preserving the overall externality of the projectile as a whole. This envelope is not necessarily waterproof, but a sealed embodiment has the advantage of confining the destruction residues of the constituent material of the cylindrical body during impact. This improvement of the present invention can also be considered as an improvement of the same author's invention as published by the USPTO under US Patent No. 8,671,841B2, the main defect of an embodiment according to this prior invention being the difficulty of making a bonding or necking of the envelope alone which makes it possible to ensure a lack of contact with the tube during the launch, the projectile being made requiring a margin of safety between the diameter of the ogive and the diameter of the tube to avoid friction. The present invention makes it possible to produce projectiles as defined in the original patent but with a diameter allowing a symmetrical friction and very attenuated with the barrel, which avoids asymmetric deformations detrimental to the proper functioning or accuracy.
Selon une réalisation préférée de l'inventeur, le corps comprend au moins une partie constituée d'un matériau alvéolaire ou microstructure résiliente de masse volumique inférieure à 300 Kg par mètre cube et dont l'absorption d'énergie en compression dynamique s'effectue par déformation continue ou flambage des parois des cellules ou éléments constitutifs de ladite structure. Il s'agit notamment de mousse d'aluminium, magnésium ou un de leurs alliages. L'absorption d'énergie est ici différente et possède en outre des caractéristiques qui sont différentes selon la vitesse d'impact de cette partie. En fonction de la vitesse usuelle lors de l'impact et de la décélération produite par la partie avant qui précède cette partie, la longueur de la partie avant sera calculée afin que la vitesse de déformation effective de cette partie plus résiliente soit caractérisée son seuil de déformation. Pour une mousse d'aluminium ou alliage à fort taux d'aluminium, la caractéristique de tenue en compression diminue avec la vitesse au moment du contact. Selon une réalisation plus écologique, le corps peut être fabriqué à base de matériaux organiques biodégradables comme par exemple l'albumine, les sucres ou l'amidon utilisés pour former après fabrication une mousse dure de la densité adaptée selon la densité et les performances obtenues en compression axiale. According to a preferred embodiment of the inventor, the body comprises at least one part made of a cellular material or resilient microstructure with a density of less than 300 Kg per cubic meter and whose energy absorption in dynamic compression is effected by continuous deformation or buckling of the cell walls or constituent elements of said structure. These include aluminum foam, magnesium or one of their alloys. The energy absorption here is different and also has characteristics that are different depending on the impact speed of this part. Depending on the usual speed during the impact and the deceleration produced by the front part that precedes this part, the length of the front part will be calculated so that the effective deformation speed of this part more resilient is characterized its threshold of deformation. For aluminum foams or alloys with a high aluminum content, the compressive strength characteristic decreases with the speed at the moment of contact. According to a more ecological embodiment, the body may be made from biodegradable organic materials such as albumin, sugars or starch used to form after manufacture a hard foam of density adapted to the density and performance obtained in axial compression.
Selon une autre version préférée de l'inventeur, le corps du projectile comprend au moins un contenant rempli d'un solide finement divisé: c'est-à-dire de particules de plus grande dimension extérieure inférieure à 0,3mm. Lors de l'impact cette enveloppe va se rompre par rupture fragile et le transfert de l'énergie en vitesse radiale desdites particules va produite un étalement important. Placé derrière une partie agissant par freinage ou absorption d'énergie par rupture ou déformation, on obtient ainsi un projectile qui tout à la fois limite la force appliquée et particulièrement limite la contrainte dans la partie centrale, ce qui est le problème existant dans des projectiles comme le BEANBAG ou le BLINIZ; tout en conservant un pouvoir d'étalement équivalent à ces mêmes projectiles. De plus le mode de réalisation selon l'invention permet d'obtenir un projectile qui conserve son intégrité et sa forme initiale jusqu'à l'impact et donc permet une précision bien meilleure et une portée plus importante que les projectiles commerciaux précités. Cette amélioration peut être considérée comme une amélioration du brevet US6302028B1 de Richard Guillot inventeur du « Bliniz ». According to another preferred version of the inventor, the body of the projectile comprises at least one container filled with a finely divided solid: that is to say particles of larger outer dimension less than 0.3 mm. During the impact, this envelope will rupture by brittle fracture and the transfer of energy in radial velocity of said particles will produce a significant spread. Placed behind a part acting by braking or energy absorption by rupture or deformation, one thus obtains a projectile which at the same time limits the force applied and particularly limits the stress in the central part, which is the problem existing in projectiles like BEANBAG or BLINIZ; while maintaining a spreading power equivalent to these same projectiles. In addition, the embodiment according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a projectile that retains its integrity and its initial shape until the impact and therefore allows a much better accuracy and a greater range than the commercial projectiles mentioned above. This improvement can be considered as an improvement of US6302028B1 patent of Richard Guillot inventor of "Bliniz".
Selon une amélioration de la réalisation selon l'invention, le projectile dispose également d'un anneau ou tore, éventuellement mis en place par constriction due à un thermoformage afin d'assurer le glissement et le centrage de l'avant du projectile par frottement sur l'âme du tube de lancement ; et également dans les tubes comportant des rayures d'assurer la mise en rotation du projectile. Ce tore peut être constitué en matériau thermo formable et à faible coefficient de frottement comme par exemple un anneau en polytétrafluoroéthylène, celui-ci pouvant par ailleurs venir enserrer une nappe plus fine qui recouvre la partie arrière. Une autre réalisation serait de recourir à une multiplicité d'anneaux qui viennent enserrer le projectile afin que lors du départ du coup les parois adhérentes de la tête ou de l'enveloppe ne rentrent pas en contact avec le tube de lancement. Ces anneaux sont destinés à assurer uniquement un glissement lors du lancement mais doivent rester de faible masse (typiquement inférieure à un gramme) afin que leur effet soit négligeable au moment de l'impact. Ce type d'anneau peut également réaliser d'autres fonctions dont notamment, la fixation d'une nappe sur le corps, ou d'une enveloppe sur le corps ou encore la prise de rayure pour l'entraînement en rotation du projectile. According to an improvement of the embodiment according to the invention, the projectile also has a ring or torus, possibly put in place by constriction due to thermoforming to ensure the sliding and centering of the front of the projectile by friction on the soul of the launch tube; and also in the tubes with scratches to ensure the rotation of the projectile. This torus may be made of a thermo-formable material with a low coefficient of friction, such as for example a polytetrafluoroethylene ring, which ring may also grip a thinner sheet which covers the rear part. Another embodiment would be to resort to a multiplicity of rings that enclose the projectile so that when leaving the blow the adherent walls of the head or the envelope do not come into contact with the launch tube. These rings are intended to ensure only a slip at launch but must remain low mass (typically less than one gram) so that their effect is negligible at the time of impact. This type of ring can also perform other functions including, in particular, the attachment of a sheet on the body, or an envelope on the body or the striker grip for the rotational drive of the projectile.
Dans la représentation schématique des figures décrivant certaines réalisations selon l'invention, la mousse est représentée par un ensemble contenant des alvéoles symbolisées par des ronds (mousse de polymère dure ), ou bien des triangles pour des microstructures aluminium ou absorbant l'énergie de compression par déformation irréversible des parois ou fils qui la constituent. La masse volumique est symbolisée par le nombre d'alvéoles par unité de surface; les alvéoles représentées symbolisant l'air emprisonné, plus le nombre de symbole par unité de surface est élevé, plus la masse volumique est faible. Les représentations ne sont ni fidèles ni limitatives mais destinées à faciliter la compréhension des réalisations décrites à titre d'exemple. In the schematic representation of the figures describing certain embodiments according to the invention, the foam is represented by an assembly containing cells symbolized by circles (hard polymer foam), or triangles for aluminum microstructures or absorbing the compression energy. by irreversible deformation of the walls or wires that constitute it. The density is symbolized by the number of cells per unit area; the cells represented symbolizing trapped air, the higher the number of symbols per unit area, the lower the density. The representations are neither faithful nor limiting but intended to facilitate the understanding of the achievements described by way of example.
Plusieurs modes d'exécution de l'invention seront décrits ci-après, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :  Several embodiments of the invention will be described below, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
la figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un premier mode de réalisation pour un projectile selon l'invention ; la figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un deuxième mode de réalisation pour un projectile selon l'invention adapté à être utilisé avec une arme à canon rayé ; et, la figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un deuxième mode de réalisation pour un projectile selon l'invention adapté à être utilisé avec un tube de lancement lisse. La figure -1- représente une vue en section de la munition réalisée en utilisant un projectile selon l'invention, le corps de révolution 1 est ici constitué de mousse polymère dure, par exemple en poly-phénol de masse volumique 130 Kg/ m 3 ; sur la partie avant est enchâssée une tête de forme hémi ellipsoïde ou hémisphérique qui est lié au corpsl de par une rainure 14 qui correspond à une lèvre de la tête 2, l'élasticité du matériau de la tête et les côtes serrées permettent une bonne liaison renforcée par la striction de la nappe 3 et qui peut être si nécessaire renforcée par un collage entre la tête2 et le corpsl, néanmoins le collage est industriellement difficile à mettre en œuvre compte tenu des matériaux difficilement compatibles pour un collage mono composant . L'axe A de lancement du projectile est confondu pour la nappe extérieure 3, la tête 2 et le corps 1 du projectile quand celui-ci est assemblé et prêt au lancement. Dans la présente réalisation, la nappe en polymère thermorétractable 3 recouvre et vient lier au corps 1 par striction après thermoformage, un disque d'amortissement 4 constitué dans cet exemple de mousse de polyphénol de masse volumique 70Kg/m3 ; il conviendra bien sûr d'ajuster les masses volumiques respectives du corps 1 et du disque 4 notamment en fonction de la vitesse recherchée, de la charge propulsive utilisée, de la masse de la tête 2 et de la longueur du canon de lancement, tous ces paramètres étant bien sûr dépendant selon des lois et des savoirs faires connus dans l'état de l'art. Une mesure de l'accélération dans le tube peut permettre d'affiner le dimensionnement de ces masses volumiques respectives. On a représenté ici une munition utilisant une douille 5 qui peut être en métal et/ou en polymère qui est équipée de chambres haute 8 et basse pression 10 munie d'évents de régulation 7 entre ces chambres ; ils sont ici représentés latéraux car l'utilisation d'un ou plusieurs évents parallèle(s) à l'axe A produirait des accélérations trop violentes et susceptibles de provoquer un endommagement du projectile pendant sa phase de lancement. Lors de l'initiation de l'amorce 9, la poudre propulsive 11 génère une montée en pression dans la chambre haute pression 8, les évents régulent alors la pression et la détente des gaz chauds dans la chambre basse pression 10, la jupe 6 est alors soumise à une force croissante qui est transmise au projectile. La montée en intensité de cette force est adoucie par la destruction progressive d'une grande partie de la mousse du disque 4 ce qui permet de mettre en vitesse la tête 2 et le corps 1 du projectile, qui glissent dans le tube de lancement par un frottement entre la nappe 3 et la paroi du canon. Un projectile pour un lanceur à air comprimé peut être identique à cette réalisation en remplaçant le disque d'amortissement 4 par une pastille de faible épaisseur destinée à éviter l'endommagement de la mousse du corps pendant les manipulations, notamment au moment du chargement. La figure 2 représente une réalisation selon l'invention qui peut être adaptée à une arme à canon rayé du fait de la présence d'un poussoir ou culot 6b apte à entraîner le projectile en rotation lors de la prise de rayures, même si le gain opérationnel de l'utilisation de telles armes n'est pas significatif en respectant une réalisation selon l'invention, il y a un intérêt commercial à fabriquer de tels projectiles compatibles avec de tels lanceurs et leurs munitions. La partie cylindrique est constituée ici de deux parties, la première mousse placée à l'avant est formée de mousse aluminium 13, dont les caractéristiques de freinage et particulièrement la force de réaction appliquée à la cible par le projectile lors de l'impact varie à l'inverse de la vitesse d'impact pour des vitesses d'impact élevées et notamment supérieures à 50 m/s ; on vient placer derrière une structure alvéolaire 15 à base de polymère thermodurcissable de faible allongement à la rupture, typiquement moins de 5% et capable de résister à l'accélération de départ du coup sans être significativement détruite dans sa longueur. Une telle mousse sera choisie entre polycarbonate, polyphénols ou polymétacrylimides pour des masses volumiques généralement inférieures à 150 Kg/m 3. La caractéristique de cette structure est choisie pour des caractéristiques de destruction sous contrainte avec une force de réaction quasi constante et indépendante de la vitesse. Elle est placée à l'arrière du projectile car ses propriétés sont préservées aux basses vitesses. On obtient ainsi par l'empilement de ces deux structures différentes un ensemble ou corps 1 dont la force de réaction vers la cible lors de l'impact est peu dépendante de la vitesse, voire légèrement décroissante pour les fortes vitesses. Le défaut des deux structures présentées est lors du contact initial projectile cible de générer un front de montée rapide de ladite force de réaction, ce qui correspond médicalement à des risques de fracture des os impactés. La mise en place sur le partie avant de la tête en mousse élastique 2 de masse volumique inférieure à 500Kg/m3 permet d'obtenir une montée en charge progressive et un début d'étalement ou augmentation de la surface de contact avant l'obtention d'une force nominale ou maximale; ces valeurs n'étant obtenues grâce à cette configuration que lorsque le diamètre à augmenté significativement soit typiquement de plus de 25%. Compte tenu des masses volumiques respectives des matériaux utilisés, le projectile est alors équilibré en avant et peu alors être utilisé indifféremment dans des lanceurs à canon rayé ou non. Pour une meilleure efficacité pendant l'impact et afin d'éviter les effets allergènes des particules dégagées par la fragmentation du bloc 1, il est possible selon les inventeurs de réaliser un trempage de l'ensemble ainsi constitué selon la fig 2 dans un liquide qui peut réticuler ou vulcaniser ensuite pour former une couche étanche 12 du type enveloppe souple ou ballon de baudruche, elle peut également être réalisée dans une matière similaire à celle de la tête 2 afin d'obtenir une bonne liaison sur la partie avant entre la tête 2 et l'enveloppe 12. Cette couche est de préférence élastique comme du silicone ou du caoutchouc de faible dureté. Il peut être utile d'utiliser une opercule 16 que l'on prendra la moins épaisse possible afin d'assurer une bonne répartition de la pression sur la partie 15 ou corps 1 ainsi qu'un bon collage ou une bonne liaison avec la couche ou enveloppe élastique 12 et venir ainsi étanchéifier le projectile. Une nappe extérieure vient enserrer tous les sous ensembles par une opération de thermoformage et assurer le guidage du projectile et son glissement sans participer à sa mise en rotation dans le cadre de son utilisation avec un lanceur à canon rayé. Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment for a projectile according to the invention; Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment for a projectile according to the invention adapted to be used with a rifled gun; and, Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment for a projectile according to the invention adapted for use with a smooth launch tube. FIG. -1 shows a sectional view of the ammunition made using a projectile according to the invention, the body of revolution 1 is here made of hard polymer foam, for example polyphenol with a density of 130 Kg / m 3. ; on the front part is embedded a head of semi-ellipsoid or hemispherical shape which is connected to the body by a groove 14 which corresponds to a lip of the head 2, the elasticity of the material of the head and the tight ribs allow a good connection reinforced by the necking of the ply 3 and which can be reinforced if necessary by gluing between the head 2 and the body 1, nevertheless the gluing is industrially difficult to implement, given the materials which are difficult to match for a single-component gluing. The launching axis A projectile is confused for the outer layer 3, the head 2 and the body 1 of the projectile when it is assembled and ready for launch. In the present embodiment, the sheet of heat-shrinkable polymer 3 covers and binds to the body 1 by necking after thermoforming, a damping disc 4 made in this example of polyphenol foam with a density of 70Kg / m3; it will of course be necessary to adjust the respective densities of the body 1 and the disc 4 in particular as a function of the desired speed, the propulsive charge used, the mass of the head 2 and the length of the launching gun, all these parameters being of course dependent on laws and know-how known in the state of the art. A measurement of the acceleration in the tube can make it possible to refine the dimensioning of these respective densities. There is shown here a munition using a socket 5 which may be of metal and / or polymer which is equipped with high 8 and low pressure chambers 10 provided with regulating vents 7 between these chambers; they are here shown side because the use of one or more vents parallel to the axis A would produce too violent accelerations and likely to cause damage to the projectile during its launch phase. During the initiation of the primer 9, the propellant powder 11 generates a rise in pressure in the high pressure chamber 8, the vents then regulate the pressure and the expansion of the hot gases in the low pressure chamber 10, the skirt 6 is then subjected to an increasing force that is transmitted to the projectile. The increase in intensity of this force is softened by the progressive destruction of a large part of the foam of the disk 4, which makes it possible to speed up the head 2 and the body 1 of the projectile, which slide in the launching tube by a friction between the sheet 3 and the wall of the barrel. A projectile for a compressed air launcher may be identical to this embodiment by replacing the damping disc 4 with a thin chip to prevent damage to the foam of the body during handling, especially at the time of loading. FIG. 2 represents an embodiment according to the invention that can be adapted to a rifled barrel weapon because of the presence of a pusher or base 6b capable of driving the projectile in rotation when making scratches, even if the gain The operation of the use of such weapons is not significant in respect of an embodiment according to the invention, there is a commercial interest in making such projectiles compatible with such launchers and their ammunition. The cylindrical portion here consists of two parts, the first foam placed at the front is formed of aluminum foam 13, whose braking characteristics and particularly the reaction force applied to the target by the projectile during the impact varies to the inverse of the impact speed for high impact speeds and in particular greater than 50 m / s; it is placed behind a honeycomb structure 15 based on thermosetting polymer of low elongation at break, typically less than 5% and capable of withstanding the acceleration of the shot without being significantly destroyed in its length. Such a foam will be chosen between polycarbonate, polyphenols or polymetracylimides for densities generally less than 150 Kg / m 3. The characteristic of this structure is chosen for characteristics of destruction under stress with a quasi constant reaction force and independent of the speed. . It is placed at the rear of the projectile because its properties are preserved at low speeds. Thus, by stacking these two different structures, an assembly or body 1 whose reaction force towards the target during the impact is little dependent on the speed, or slightly decreasing for the high speeds. The defect of the two structures presented is, during the target projectile initial contact, to generate a fast rising edge of said reaction force, which corresponds medically to the risk of fracture of the impacted bones. The establishment on the front part of the elastic foam head 2 with a density of less than 500 kg / m 3 makes it possible to obtain a gradual increase in load and the beginning of spreading or increase of the contact surface before obtaining a nominal or maximum force; these values being obtained by this configuration only when the diameter increased significantly is typically more than 25%. Given the respective densities of the materials used, the projectile is then balanced forward and can then be used indifferently in launcher rifled or not. For a better effectiveness during the impact and in order to avoid the allergenic effects of the particles released by the fragmentation of the block 1, it is possible according to the inventors to soak the assembly thus constituted according to FIG. 2 in a liquid which can then crosslink or vulcanize to form a tight layer 12 of the flexible envelope or balloon type, it can also be made of a material similar to that of the head 2 to obtain a good connection on the front part between the head 2 and the envelope 12. This layer is preferably elastic like silicone or low hardness rubber. It may be useful to use a cap 16 that will take the least thickness possible to ensure a good distribution of pressure on the part 15 or body 1 and a good bonding or a good bond with the layer or elastic envelope 12 and come and seal the projectile. An outer layer encloses all the subsets by a thermoforming operation and ensure the guidance of the projectile and its sliding without participating in its rotation in the context of its use with a launcher rifled barrel.
La figure 3 représente un projectile pour tube de lancement lisse, qu'il soit à air comprimé ou qu'il s'agisse d'une arme à feu. La partie avant ou enveloppe élastique 2 vient ici recouvrir le corps 1 qui accueille un contenant dur et fragile 18 et son contenu 17 constitué de particules finement divisée. Ledit contenu 17 peut avoir une action d'étalement du projectile à l'impact uniquement inertielle puisque sous l'effet de l'impact les particules convertissent en grande partie leur quantité de mouvement axiale en quantité de mouvement radiale, mais peut également produire une action incapacitante si les particules constitutives disposent au moins en surface de composés chimiques actifs comme par exemple lacrymogène et que sont prévues des ouvertures latérales 19 à travers l'enveloppe 3, étant constaté dans la description précédente, d'une part que l'enveloppe 3 est détruite au début de l'impact, et deuxièmement il est à noter que le corps 1 assure avant l'impact la protection du contenant 18 et du contenu 17. L'enveloppe 2 vient ici exercer une force de cohésion par serrage annulaire simultané du corps 1 et de la partie arrière 6b principalement utilisée lors de la fabrication, cette cohésion est ensuite renforcée par le serrage assuré par la nappe 3 qui vient plaquer et compresser la matière de l'enveloppe 2 contre le corps 1. On obtient ainsi même avec un matériau très mou et élastique utilisé pour fabriquer l'enveloppe 2, comme par exemple un élastomère thermoplastique ou silicone de moins de 80 shoreOO, un touché de projectile dur et non déformable avant tir et capable de supporter sans modification dimensionnelle les phases balistiques du projectile jusqu'à l'impact alors qu'il se déstructure et devient mou pendant l'impact en consommant l'énergie cinétique du projectile et tout en limitant l'endommagement de la cible, qui elle devient dure à ces vitesses. Par exemple il est connu de l'homme de l'art médical, que l'œil est capable lors de chocs frontaux tels que chutes violentes sur le sol ou accident de voiture sans airbag, de casser voire perforer le plancher osseux suborbital, permettant ainsi du fait de son durcissement pour des vitesses de sollicitations suffisantes de conserver son intégrité après le choc sans séquelle aucune pour l'œil. Le plancher osseux orbital qui en statique est structurant du crâne et de sa résistance aux manipulations devient ainsi un facteur de protection de l'œil puisqu'il est plus fragile en dynamique et consomme en rupture fragile l'énergie incidente. Il est ainsi possible sur la base de la présente invention de réaliser un projectile plus fragile que l'œil et permettant ainsi de réduire notablement les cas et surtout la gravité des lésions constatées chaque années avec l'utilisation de projectiles non létaux. Il est à noter dans cette réalisation selon l'invention que l'on peut moduler la forme extérieure aérodynamique selon les contraintes de performances imposées soit par la masse de la partie percutante avant, soit par la portée ou précision demandée à une certaine distance. Il sera alors important de déterminer par le calcul et la simulation aérodynamique selon l'état de l'art la forme extérieure de la partie arrière 6b ainsi que la longueur de la partie avant. En particulier, s'agissant des aspects lésionnels, le volume du corps 1 et sa masse volumique sont déterminant de l'énergie qui peut être absorbée à l'impact, notamment celle qui anime la partie arrière 6 et dont il est prioritaire d'éviter qu'elle dépasse un seuil de force appliquée à la cible qui conduirait à des lésions irréversibles ou mortelles. Des études conduites par l'université de Nantes déterminent qu'au-delà d'une force de 10 kN appliquée pendant l'impact d'un projectile de 41mm, la rupture de la boîte crânienne humaine était probable, ces conditions étant atteintes avec la plupart des projectiles commercialisés selon de l'art au moment de présente demande. FIG. 3 represents a projectile for a smooth launching tube, whether with compressed air or whether it is a firearm. The front part or elastic envelope 2 here covers the body 1 which accommodates a hard and fragile container 18 and its content 17 consisting of finely divided particles. Said content 17 may have a spreading action of the projectile only inertial impact since under the effect of the impact the particles convert to a large extent their axial momentum in radial momentum, but can also produce an action incapacitante if the constituent particles have at least on the surface of active chemical compounds such as tear gas and that are provided lateral openings 19 through the envelope 3, being noted in the previous description, firstly that the envelope 3 is destroyed at the beginning of the impact, and secondly it should be noted that the body 1 ensures before the impact the protection of the container 18 and the contents 17. The envelope 2 here comes to exert a cohesive force by simultaneous annular tightening of the body 1 and the rear part 6b mainly used during manufacture, this cohesion is then reinforced by the tightening provided by the sheet 3 which comes press and compress the material of the casing 2 against the body 1. This gives even a very soft and elastic material used to manufacture the casing 2, such as a thermoplastic elastomer or silicone less than 80 shoreOO, a touchdown projectile hard and undeformable before firing and able to withstand without dimensional change the ballistic phases of the projectile until the impact as it deconstructs and becomes soft during the impact by consuming the kinetic energy of the projectile and while limiting damage to the target, which becomes hard at these speeds. For example, it is known to those skilled in the medical art that the eye is capable of frontal shocks such as violent falls on the ground or car accident without airbag, to break or even to perforate the suborbital bone floor, thus enabling because of its hardening for sufficient stress rates to maintain its integrity after the shock without any sequelae for the eye. The orbital bone floor, which structurally structures the skull and its resistance to manipulation, thus becomes a protective factor for the eye since it is more fragile in terms of dynamics and consumes the incident energy in a brittle fracture. It is thus possible on the basis of the present invention to make a projectile more fragile than the eye and thus significantly reduce the cases and especially the seriousness of the lesions observed each year with the use of non-lethal projectiles. It should be noted in this embodiment according to the invention that the aerodynamic external shape can be modulated according to the performance constraints imposed either by the mass of the percussive part before or by the range or precision required at a certain distance. It will then be important to determine by calculation and aerodynamic simulation according to the state of the art the outer shape of the rear portion 6b and the length of the front portion. In particular, with regard to the lesion aspects, the volume of the body 1 and its density are determinants of the energy that can be absorbed on impact, in particular that which drives the rear part 6 and whose priority is to avoid that it exceeds a force threshold applied to the target which would lead to irreversible or fatal injuries. Studies conducted by the University of Nantes determined that beyond a force of 10 kN applied during the impact of a 41mm projectile, the rupture of the human cranial box was likely, these conditions being reached with the most projectiles marketed according to art at the time of this application.
Le contenu 17 peut notamment être un liquide, un gel, de la poudre ou un solide finement divisé, pris séparément ou en combinaison. Ce contenu est choisi pour sa capacité à se disperser après l'impact et suffisamment léger pour rester en suspension dans l'air du fait des turbulences induites par cette dispersion.  The contents 17 may in particular be a liquid, a gel, a powder or a finely divided solid, taken separately or in combination. This content is chosen for its ability to disperse after the impact and light enough to remain suspended in the air because of the turbulence induced by this dispersion.
Le contenu 17 n'est pas utilisé pour produire un effet cinétique. Il est utilisé pour être dispersé, par exemple pour :  The content 17 is not used to produce a kinetic effect. It is used to be dispersed, for example for:
Colorer une cible ; Appliquer une poudre à effet local ; Color a target; Apply a local effect powder;
Avoir un effet lacrymogène. Have a tear effect.
Bien sûr, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation préférés qui viennent d'être décrits mais, au contraire, l'invention est définie par les revendications qui suivent.  Of course, the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments which have just been described but, on the contrary, the invention is defined by the following claims.
Il apparaîtra en effet à l'homme de l'art que diverses modifications peuvent être apportées aux modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus, à la lumière de l'enseignement qui vient de lui être divulgué.  It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to the embodiments described above, in the light of the teaching that has just been disclosed.

Claims

Revendications: claims:
1. Projectile cinétique et/ou incapacitant à haute absorption d'énergie à l'impact caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : A kinetic and / or incapacitating projectile with high energy absorption on impact, characterized in that it comprises:
- un corps intérieur cylindrique (1) ou de révolution autour d'un axe de lancement (A), formé d'au moins une partie quasi homogène de masse volumique inférieure à 250 Kg/m3 constituée de matériau alvéolaire, mousse ou microstructures ouvertes ou fermées ayant une capacité d'absorption de l'énergie à l'impact par rupture de destruction fragile par cisaillement ou déformation ductile irréversible; - A cylindrical inner body (1) or of revolution about a launch axis (A), formed of at least a substantially homogeneous portion of density less than 250 Kg / m 3 made of foam material, foam or open microstructures or closed with an ability to absorb energy at impact by brittle fracture destruction by shear or irreversible ductile deformation;
- une tête, également appelée partie avant(2), de masse volumique apparente supérieure à 500 Kg/m3 en matériau polymère élastique avec une limite à l'allongement supérieure à 100%, de préférence supérieure à 400%, de dureté inférieure à 40 Shore A, de préférence inférieure à 70 Shore en échelle 00, et possédant des coefficients de frottement et d'adhérence sur l'acier et l'aluminium d'au moins 0,35, de préférence un coefficient d'adhérence d'au moins de 0,7 sur l'acier; - au moins un ensemble extérieur(3) ou nappe(3) qui permette de lier l'ensemble constitué par le corps intérieur (1), la tête(2) et éventuellement une partie arrière conformée afin d'assurer une stabilisation aérodynamique et recueillir la poussée des gaz ; cette liaison s'effectua nt par serrage du type constriction annulaire obtenue par un procédé de thermoformage d'un tube en polymère ou élastomère thermo-rétractable autour de l'enveloppe (2) contenant la structure(l) et éventuellement d'une partie de la queue ou culot, formant une nappe ou coquille de révolution autour de l'axe (A), la(es)dite(s) nappe(s) constituée(s) de matériau de faible épaisseur, soit inférieure à cinq centième du diamètre du projectile, ayant un faible coefficient d'adhérence par rapport à l'acier ou l'aluminium inférieure à 0,3 ou meilleur si inférieur à 0,15 ;a head, also called front part (2), having an apparent density greater than 500 Kg / m 3 of elastic polymer material with an elongation limit of greater than 100%, preferably greater than 400%, of hardness less than 40 Shore A, preferably less than 70 Shore in scale 00, and having coefficients of friction and adhesion on steel and aluminum of at least 0.35, preferably a coefficient of adhesion of at least less than 0.7 on steel; at least one outer assembly (3) or sheet (3) which makes it possible to bind the assembly constituted by the inner body (1), the head (2) and possibly a shaped rear part in order to ensure aerodynamic stabilization and to collect the thrust of the gases; this connection is effected by clamping the annular constriction type obtained by a thermoforming process of a polymer tube or heat-shrinkable elastomer around the envelope (2) containing the structure (1) and possibly a part of the tail or base, forming a sheet or shell of revolution about the axis (A), said (s) web (s) constituted (s) of thin material, is less than five hundredth of the diameter projectile having a low coefficient of adhesion with respect to steel or aluminum of less than 0.3 or better if less than 0.15;
2. Projectile cinétique ou incapacitant à haute absorption d'énergie à l'impact selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque nappe extérieure(3) est obtenue chacune à partir d'un tube unique et après thermoformage de striction. 2. Projectile kinetic or incapacitant high impact energy absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that each outer ply (3) is each obtained from a single tube and after thermoforming necking.
3. Projectile cinétique ou incapacitant à haute absorption d'énergie à l'impact selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une desdites nappe(s) extérieure(s)(3) est réalisée dans un matériau tel que cette nappe soit fragile et/ou cassante a la vitesse d'impact prévue, notamment lors d'une sollicitation mécanique longitudinale, selon l'axe d'impact (A). 3. Kinetic or incapacitant projectile with high energy absorption at impact according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of said outer ply (s) (3) is made of a material such as this ply is fragile and / or brittle at the expected impact speed, in particular during a longitudinal mechanical stress, along the axis of impact (A).
4. Projectile selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le corps(l) est inséré dans une enveloppe (12) en matériau élastique d'allongement à la rupture supérieur à 100%, de préférence supérieur à 400%, formant une cavité d'épaisseur de paroi latérale inférieure à 10%, de préférence inférieure 5% de son diamètre total, ladite enveloppe élastique restant elle-même enveloppée par la nappe extérieure(3), ledit matériau élastique constituant préférentiellement un absorbeur d'énergie de choc et/ou de vibration. 4. Projectile according to claim 1 characterized in that the body (1) is inserted in a casing (12) of elastic elongation material greater than 100% rupture, preferably greater than 400%, forming a cavity of lateral wall thickness less than 10%, preferably less than 5% of its total diameter, said elastic envelope remaining itself wrapped by the outer ply (3), said elastic material preferably constituting a shock and / or vibration energy absorber.
5. Projectile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le corps (1) comprend au moins une partie constituée d'un matériau alvéolaire ou microstructure: (i) de masse volumique inférieure à 120Kg par mètre cube, 5. Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the body (1) comprises at least one part made of a cellular material or microstructure: (i) density of less than 120 kg per cubic meter,
(ii) ayant un mode d'absorption d'énergie en compression dynamique ou choc qui s'effectue presque entièrement par cisaillement des parois des cellules ou éléments constitutifs de ladite structure telle que notamment des mousses dures peu élastiques et peu résilientes, à base de matériaux polymères thermodurcissables qui sont incapables d'une déformation élastique supérieure à quelques pour cents cent sans rupture des parois qui les constituent et notamment tels que polycarbonate , polyphénols ou polyméthacrylimide. (ii) having an energy absorption mode in dynamic compression or shock that is performed almost entirely by shearing the walls of the cells or elements constituting said structure such as in particular hard foams hard elastic and weakly resilient, based on thermosetting polymer materials which are incapable of elastic deformation greater than a few hundred percent without breaking the walls that constitute them and in particular such as polycarbonate, polyphenols or polymethacrylimide.
6. Projectile selon l'une des revendication 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le corps (1) est fabriqué à base de matériaux organiques biodégradables comme par exemple l'albumine, les sucres ou l'amidon utilisés pour former après fabrication par cuisson, une mousse dure. 6. Projectile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the body (1) is made of biodegradable organic materials such as albumin, sugars or starch used to form after baking. , a hard foam.
7. Projectile selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le corps (1) est évidé en son centre de façon symétrique autour de l'axe A et que la cavité ainsi constituée est remplie avec un matériau pulvérulent(17) ou constitué de solide(s) finement divisés contenus dans une enceinte (18) conçue pour se rompre par rupture fragile lors d'un impact à vitesse élevée sur trajectoire mais non lors d'une chute accidentelle. 7. Projectile according to claim 1 characterized in that the body (1) is recessed at its center symmetrically about the axis A and that the cavity thus formed is filled with a powder material (17) or consisting of solid ( s) finely divided contained in an enclosure (18) designed to break by brittle fracture during a high speed impact on trajectory but not during an accidental fall.
8. Projectile selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le corps (1) est évidé en son centre de façon symétrique autour de l'axe A et que la cavité ainsi constituée est remplie avec un produit (17) contenu dans une ou plusieurs enceintes (18) dimensionnée(s) pour se rompre par rupture fragile lors de l'impact, ledit produit (17) pouvant être un liquide et/ou un gel et/ou de la poudre et/ou un solide finement divisé. 8. Projectile according to claim 1 characterized in that the body (1) is recessed at its center symmetrically about the axis A and the cavity thus formed is filled with a product (17) contained in one or more enclosures (18) dimensioned to break by brittle fracture upon impact, said product (17) being a liquid and / or a gel and / or powder and / or a finely divided solid.
9. Projectile selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le corps (1) comprend au moins des éléments constitués d'un matériau alvéolaire ou microstructure résiliente de masse volumique inférieure à 300Kg par mètre cube et dont l'absorption d'énergie en compression dynamique s'effectue par déformation continue ou flambage irréversible des parois des cellules ou éléments constitutifs de ladite structure, notamment de structure de mousse ou nid d'abeille d'aluminium, magnésium ou un de leurs alliages.  9. Projectile according to claim 1 characterized in that the body (1) comprises at least elements made of a cellular material or resilient microstructure of density less than 300Kg per cubic meter and whose energy absorption in dynamic compression is carried out by continuous deformation or irreversible buckling of the cell walls or constituent elements of said structure, in particular of foam structure or honeycomb aluminum, magnesium or an alloy thereof.
10. Projectile selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'il dispose d'une partie arrière, ou queue, apte à assurer d'une part le guidage et l'étanchéité lors de la phase de lancement et d'autre part une stabilisation aérodynamique, notamment de par une forme adaptée, ladite partie arrière étant liée par constriction de la nappe (3) avec le corps(l) et la tête(2) du projectile. 10. Projectile according to claim 1 characterized in that it has a rear part, or tail, able to ensure on the one hand the guiding and sealing during the launch phase and on the other hand aerodynamic stabilization , in particular by a form adapted, said rear portion being constricted by constriction of the web (3) with the body (1) and the head (2) of the projectile.
11. Projectile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il dispose également d'un anneau ou tore (20), de préférence mis en place par constriction due à un thermoformage, afin d'assurer le glissement et le centrage de l'avant du projectile par frottement sur l'âme du tube de lancement ; et, dans les tubes comportant des rayures, d'assurer également la mise en rotation du projectile. 11. Projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that it also has a ring or torus (20), preferably implemented by constriction due to thermoforming, to ensure the sliding and centering of the before the projectile by friction on the soul of the launch tube; and, in the tubes having scratches, also ensuring the rotation of the projectile.
EP16727427.3A 2015-06-05 2016-05-31 Kinetic and/or incapacitating projectile having high energy absorption Active EP3303983B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU92734A LU92734B1 (en) 2015-06-05 2015-06-05 HIGH ELASTIC DEFORMATION KINETIC PROJECTILE
PCT/EP2016/062278 WO2016193264A1 (en) 2015-06-05 2016-05-31 Kinetic and/or incapacitating projectile having high energy absorption

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3303983A1 true EP3303983A1 (en) 2018-04-11
EP3303983B1 EP3303983B1 (en) 2019-07-03

Family

ID=53524926

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16727427.3A Active EP3303983B1 (en) 2015-06-05 2016-05-31 Kinetic and/or incapacitating projectile having high energy absorption

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US10527394B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3303983B1 (en)
LU (1) LU92734B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016193264A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11209254B2 (en) * 2016-03-09 2021-12-28 Msato, Llc Pellet shaped marking round for air rifles and pistols
US20180156588A1 (en) * 2016-12-07 2018-06-07 Russell LeBlanc Frangible Projectile and Method of Manufacture
FR3090084B1 (en) * 2018-12-18 2023-10-13 Securengy Projectile for firearms or compressed air for liquid or powder delivery.
RU190453U1 (en) * 2019-01-30 2019-07-01 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военная академия материально-технического обеспечения имени генерала армии А.В. Хрулёва" PULSE OF PATRON OF COMBAT CUT-ON SLOT WEAPON OF SPECIAL ACTION
US11333468B2 (en) * 2019-07-16 2022-05-17 Wattre, Inc. Shot shell with projectile
US11287230B1 (en) * 2021-08-04 2022-03-29 Rama Technologies, LLC Less-than-lethal kinetic impact round

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE759853A (en) * 1969-12-08 1971-06-04 Colt S Inc MULTIPLE PROJECTILE UNDER CALIBRATION SET
US3732821A (en) * 1971-05-25 1973-05-15 Us Army Nose ogive for nonlethal projectile
DE3166944D1 (en) * 1980-07-18 1984-12-06 Secr Defence Brit Training ammunition
FR2705772B1 (en) * 1993-05-25 1995-08-11 Manurhin Defense Exercise projectile.
FR2768504B3 (en) 1997-09-12 1999-11-26 Isher PROJECTILE WITH CONTROLLED DEFORMATION
US7287475B2 (en) * 2006-01-03 2007-10-30 Combined Systems, Inc. Reloadable non-lethal training cartridge
FR2930985A1 (en) * 2008-05-07 2009-11-13 Cyrille Henri Marcel Raquin Small or medium sized ballistic projectile for munition i.e. lethal munition, of gun, has rigid inner structure comprising good static or quasi-static compression resistance of specific mega Pascal for front surface in impact axis
WO2009141521A1 (en) * 2008-05-07 2009-11-26 Cyrille Raquin Kinetic munition or projectile with controlled or non‑lethal effects
FR2950688B1 (en) 2009-09-30 2011-12-09 Marwan Dannawi PROJECTILE FOR ARMED LETHALITY
US20140109790A1 (en) * 2011-03-30 2014-04-24 Nobel Sport Less lethal weapon projectile
US9228814B2 (en) * 2012-06-15 2016-01-05 Real Achon Paintball, Inc. (RAP4) Delivery shell using gyroscopic guiding system and methods of making the same
US9285194B2 (en) * 2013-07-10 2016-03-15 Easebon Services Limited Foam dart having a safety cap

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU92734B1 (en) 2016-12-06
US10527394B2 (en) 2020-01-07
EP3303983B1 (en) 2019-07-03
WO2016193264A1 (en) 2016-12-08
US20180156587A1 (en) 2018-06-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3303983B1 (en) Kinetic and/or incapacitating projectile having high energy absorption
EP2279389B1 (en) Kinetic munition or projectile with controlled or non lethal effects
EP0946853B1 (en) Projectile with controlled deformation
CA2145950C (en) Projectile, especially a non-lethal bullet
EP2923171B1 (en) Spin-stabilised projectile that expels a payload
EP2115383B1 (en) Non-lethal ballistic projectile with luminous marking of the impact area
FR2599828A1 (en) AMMUNITION OF SMALL OR MEDIUM SIZE WITH IMPROVED EFFICIENCY AND LIMITED RANGE, ESPECIALLY FOR HUNTING
FR3005726A1 (en) BOTTLE-LIKE CARTRIDGE
FR2726357A1 (en) TELESCOPED BOOM HUNTING BALL, COMPRISING A SUB-PROJECTILE ASSOCIATED WITH A LAUNCHER
EP0143720A1 (en) Munition for sporting guns
EP0256894B1 (en) Recoilless arms or launching systems
EP0664877B1 (en) Sabot with controlled separation of segments for sub-calibre projectiles
FR2930985A1 (en) Small or medium sized ballistic projectile for munition i.e. lethal munition, of gun, has rigid inner structure comprising good static or quasi-static compression resistance of specific mega Pascal for front surface in impact axis
EP0728293B1 (en) Close range dual penetration bullet for hunting
FR2920532A1 (en) Small/average caliber ballistic projectile for non-lethal weapon, has content formed of soft material mass, where mass includes product/mixture presenting specific density and viscosity for specific temperature
FR3090084A1 (en) PROJECTILE FOR FIREARMS OR COMPRESSED AIR FOR LIQUID OR POWDER CARRYING
FR2941523A1 (en) Non-lethal small or medium caliber ballistic munition or projectile for e.g. firearm in military operations, has structure made of low-density cellular material, and casing including elongation at break greater than specific percentage
EP0530287B1 (en) Centrally sealed twin launch system
FR2992409A1 (en) Non-lethal ammunition, has shoe containing head that is compressably held by shoe assembly in compressed state, where shoe is to-be-ejected during shooting by releasing locking unit, and adopts super calibrated state while releasing head
FR2534681A1 (en) Improvements applied to projectile launching weapons, particularly to the propellent charges and to the internal ballistics
EP3022519B1 (en) Projectile, in particular ammunition, for a defense launcher
EP0110911A1 (en) Device for propulsing at very high speed one or a plurality of projectiles and means for implementing such device
FR2527762A1 (en) Launcher for firing high velocity projectiles - uses explosive charge with cavity filled with liq. or paste

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20171205

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20190107

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1151539

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20190715

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602016016343

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20190703

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 1151539

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20190703

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191003

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191003

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191104

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20191103

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200224

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602016016343

Country of ref document: DE

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG2D Information on lapse in contracting state deleted

Ref country code: IS

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20200603

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602016016343

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200531

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200531

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20200531

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20200531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200531

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201201

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20200531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190703

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20230808

Year of fee payment: 9