EP3264431A1 - Bistable linear electromagnet - Google Patents

Bistable linear electromagnet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3264431A1
EP3264431A1 EP17178534.8A EP17178534A EP3264431A1 EP 3264431 A1 EP3264431 A1 EP 3264431A1 EP 17178534 A EP17178534 A EP 17178534A EP 3264431 A1 EP3264431 A1 EP 3264431A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
shuttle
coil
wall
electromagnet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17178534.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3264431B1 (en
Inventor
Guillaume Durand
Steve Coustenoble
Laurent MONSAINT
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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Publication of EP3264431A1 publication Critical patent/EP3264431A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1872—Bistable or bidirectional current devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/17—Pivoting and rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1669—Armatures actuated by current pulse, e.g. bistable actuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1684—Armature position measurement using coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1692—Electromagnets or actuators with two coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1844—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01F2007/185—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits with armature position measurement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of monitoring the position of the rod of a bistable linear electromagnet.
  • a braking architecture for an aircraft wheel comprising a brake provided with at least one hydraulic brake wheel actuator, a pressure source capable of delivering a hydraulic fluid under high pressure, a normal braking hydraulic circuit and a hydraulic circuit of park.
  • the park hydraulic circuit conventionally comprises a park valve having an output port adapted to be selectively connected to either the pressure source or a low pressure return circuit relative to said high pressure.
  • the park valve is conventionally operated by a linear electromagnet comprising a rod sliding between an extended position and a retracted position.
  • the monitoring of the position of the rod is generally carried out by means of a pressure sensor which measures the pressure in the hydraulic circuit of the park.
  • the pressure sensor is bulky, heavy and expensive. It has been envisaged to monitor the position of the rod by integrating a position sensor directly on the rod. However, the presence of hydraulic fluid in the rod environment prevents such integration. In addition, the short stroke of the rod would probably not accurately detect the position of the rod in the most unfavorable configurations (temperature drift, rib chains, dilations, etc.).
  • the object of the invention is to provide a monitoring of the position of the rod of an electromagnet which does not have the disadvantages previously cited.
  • a linear bistable electromagnet comprising a hollow body having walls defining a first housing and a second housing aligned along an axis, a movable armature comprising a rod connected to a shuttle mounted slidably in the hollow body along the X axis between a first end position in which it abuts against a stop wall of the first housing and a second end position in which it abuts against a stop wall of the second housing, and a first positioned coil in the first housing and a second coil positioned in the second housing so that the shuttle slides toward the first extreme position when a first current flows in the first coil and in the second coil, and so that the shuttle slides towards the second extreme position when a second current flows in the first coil and in the second coil .
  • a cavity is formed in a measuring wall of one of the first housing or second housing, and the electromagnet comprises a magnetic field sensor positioned in the cavity and intended to measure a magnetic flux prevailing in a magnetic path formed by the walls of said first housing or second housing and by the shuttle to detect that the shuttle is moved towards or away from the abutment wall of said first housing or second housing.
  • the monitoring of the position of the rod of the electromagnet according to the invention is therefore performed by the magnetic field sensor integrated in the measuring wall of the hollow body of the electromagnet. This monitoring is done by means of space saving, light and inexpensive.
  • the field sensor magnet positioned in the cavity in the measuring wall is easily positioned in an environment free of hydraulic fluid.
  • the monitoring of the position of the rod by measuring the magnetic flux makes this robust monitoring including in case of adverse mechanical and thermal configurations of the rod.
  • the electromagnet according to the invention 1 is a linear electromagnet which comprises a hollow body 2 having a cylindrical outer shape of circular section and having a longitudinal axis X axis.
  • the hollow body 2 comprises a plurality of walls, among which a main wall 3 having a cylindrical surface having the X axis as its longitudinal axis, a first end wall 4 forming a first face of the hollow body 2, a second wall of end 5 forming a second face of the hollow body 2, a central wall 6 parallel to the first end wall 4 and the second end wall 5 and equidistant from the first end wall 4 and the second end wall 5, and a first abutment wall 7 and a second abutment wall 8.
  • the first abutment wall 7, which has an annular shape having its axis longitudinal X axis extends from the first end wall 4 inwardly of the hollow body 2.
  • the second abutment wall 8 which has an annular shape having the longitudinal axis X axis, extends from the second end wall 5 towards the inside of the hollow body 2.
  • the main wall 3, the first end wall 4, the first abutment wall 7 and the central wall 6 define a first housing 10 in the hollow body 2.
  • the main wall 3, the second end wall 5, the second abutment wall 8 and the central wall 6 define a second housing 11 in the hollow body 2.
  • the hollow body 2 (and therefore all of the walls that have just been mentioned) is manufactured here in martensitic stainless steel.
  • the martensitic stainless steel used is in this case a stainless steel type X30Cr13.
  • a permanent magnet 12, of annular shape, extends from the central wall 6 towards the axis X.
  • the central wall 6 and the permanent magnet 12 separate the first housing 10 and the second housing 11.
  • the permanent magnet 12 is here a neodymium magnet manufactured in SmCo5.
  • the first housing 10 comprises a first main coil 13 and a first auxiliary coil 14.
  • the second housing 11 comprises a second main coil 15 and a second auxiliary coil 16.
  • the first main coil 13 and the second main coil 15 are connected in series.
  • the first auxiliary coil 14 and the second auxiliary coil 16 are connected in series.
  • the electromagnet 1 further comprises a mobile armature 18 comprising a rod 19 and a shuttle 20.
  • the rod 19 has a longitudinal axis X '.
  • the shuttle 20 comprises a running portion 21 and a connecting portion 22.
  • the running portion 21 of the shuttle 20 has a cylindrical outer shape of circular section and having the longitudinal axis X 'axis.
  • the connecting portion 22 is a wall perpendicular to the axis X 'and located in the center of the running portion 21.
  • the rod 19 of the mobile armature 18 is made of aluminum here.
  • the shuttle 20 is manufactured here in martensitic stainless steel.
  • the martensitic stainless steel used is in this case a stainless steel type X30Cr13.
  • the rod 19 is fixed to the shuttle 20 so as to extend coaxially therewith.
  • the electromagnet 1 operates in the following manner.
  • a first control voltage a first current flows in a first direction in the first main coil 13 and in the second main coil 15, a first magnetic field is generated, under the effect of which the shuttle 20 slides in the hollow body 2 along the X axis and is close to the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10 to a first extreme position in which the shuttle 20 abuts against the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10.
  • the rod 19 is then in a retracted position.
  • the shuttle 20 is held in the first extreme position by the effect of a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 12.
  • the rod 19 is thus maintained in the retracted position (situation visible on the figure 1 ).
  • the electromagnet 1 is a bistable linear electromagnet.
  • the first auxiliary coil 14 and the second auxiliary coil 16 are arranged in the same way and play exactly the same role as the first main coil 13 and the second main coil 15.
  • the first auxiliary coil 14 and the second auxiliary coil 16 are used only when a fault (for example a short circuit or an open circuit) occurs on the first main coil 13 and / or on the second main coil 15.
  • the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet 1 is redundant.
  • the hollow body 2 of the electromagnet 1 comprises a measuring wall, which is in this case the first end wall 4.
  • the first wall end 4 comprises a cavity 25 which has the shape of a groove opening towards the outside of the hollow body 2.
  • the cavity does not open towards the inside of the cavity of the hollow body 2.
  • the thickness e of the first end wall 4, at the level of the cavity 25, is between 0.4mm and 1mm. This thickness e is here approximately equal to 0.7 mm.
  • a magnetic field sensor in this case a Hall effect sensor 26, is positioned inside the cavity 25.
  • the sensitive part of the Hall effect sensor 26 is positioned against the bottom of the cavity 25.
  • the Hall effect sensor 26 makes it possible to detect that the shuttle 20 is brought closer to the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10 or to the second abutment wall 8 of the second housing 11.
  • the Hall effect sensor 26 thus makes it possible, in particular, to detecting that the shuttle 20 is in the first extreme position or in the second extreme position, and therefore that the rod 19 is in the retracted position or in the extended position.
  • a magnetic flux resulting from the magnetic field generated by the first main coil 13 (or by the first auxiliary coil 14 if it is used) is mainly concentrated in a first magnetic path 30 formed by the walls of the first housing 10.
  • the magnetic flux is symbolized by magnetic field lines 31. It is observed that the magnetic field lines 31 are particularly concentrated in the first end wall 4 at the level of the cavity 25, and therefore that the magnetic flux is particularly important.
  • the Hall effect sensor 26 thus detects the magnetic field leaks at the bottom of the cavity 25, and measures a relatively large magnetic field.
  • Processing means connected to the Hall effect sensor 26 and not shown in the figures, acquire the measurements made by the Hall effect sensor 26 and detect, as a function of the measured magnetic field amplitude, that the shuttle 20 is brought closer together the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10, and, optionally, that the shuttle 20 abuts against the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10. The processing means then detect that the rod 19 is therefore in the retracted position.
  • the magnetic flux resulting from the magnetic field generated by the second main coil is mainly concentrated in a second magnetic path 32 formed by the walls of the second housing 11.
  • the Hall effect sensor 26 therefore measures a relatively weak magnetic field.
  • the processing means acquire the measurements made by the Hall sensor 26 and detect, as a function of the measured magnetic field amplitude, that the shuttle 20 is moved away from the first stop wall 7 of the first housing 10, and possibly , that the shuttle 20 is in abutment against the second abutment wall 8 of the second housing 11.
  • the rod 19 is therefore in the extended position.
  • the Hall effect sensor 26 may be a Hall-effect (or latch ) type sensor giving a binary information, or a Hall effect linear probe.
  • a Hall-effect (or latch ) type sensor giving a binary information
  • a Hall effect linear probe In the case of a linear probe, it is possible to perform a binary measurement by defining a threshold above which the measured magnetic field corresponds to the first extreme position of the shuttle 20, and below which the measured magnetic field corresponds at the second extreme position of the shuttle 20.
  • the threshold may optionally be adjusted at the time of manufacture of the electromagnet 1, or at the time of operating tests prior to delivery.
  • the processing means are positioned on an electrical board or in a computer used to power the electromagnet 1 (and thus to generate the control voltages applied across the coils). This reduces the costs and the size of the implementation of the monitoring of the position of the rod 19.
  • the field sensor Magnetic used is a Hall effect sensor, it is perfectly possible to use a different sensor (for example, a magnetoresistive sensor).
  • the sensor can obviously be integrated in a measuring wall of the second housing.
  • the measuring wall which includes the cavity or cavities, may also be a wall other than an end wall, for example a stop wall.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

Electro-aimant linéaire bistable comportant un premier logement (10) et un deuxième logement (11) alignés, une armature mobile (18) comprenant une tige (19) et une navette (20) montée coulissante, et une première bobine (13) positionnée dans le premier logement et une deuxième bobine (15) positionnée dans le deuxième logement. Une cavité (25) est pratiquée dans une paroi de mesure (4) de l'un des logements, et l'électro-aimant comporte un capteur de champ magnétique (26) positionné dans la cavité et destiné à mesurer un flux magnétique régnant dans un chemin magnétique formé par les parois dudit logement et par la navette, pour détecter que la navette est rapprochée ou éloignée de la paroi de butée dudit logement.Bistable linear electromagnet having a first housing (10) and a second housing (11) aligned, a movable armature (18) comprising a rod (19) and a shuttle (20) slidably mounted, and a first coil (13) positioned in the first housing and a second coil (15) positioned in the second housing. A cavity (25) is formed in a measuring wall (4) of one of the housings, and the electromagnet comprises a magnetic field sensor (26) positioned in the cavity and intended to measure a magnetic flux prevailing in a magnetic path formed by the walls of said housing and by the shuttle, to detect that the shuttle is near or away from the abutment wall of said housing.

Description

L'invention concerne le domaine de la surveillance de la position de la tige d'un électro-aimant linéaire bistable.The invention relates to the field of monitoring the position of the rod of a bistable linear electromagnet.

ARRIERE PLAN DE L'INVENTIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

On connaît une architecture de freinage pour roue d'aéronef comprenant un frein doté d'au moins un actionneur hydraulique de freinage de la roue, une source de pression apte à délivrer un fluide hydraulique sous haute pression, un circuit hydraulique de freinage normal et un circuit hydraulique de parc.A braking architecture for an aircraft wheel is known comprising a brake provided with at least one hydraulic brake wheel actuator, a pressure source capable of delivering a hydraulic fluid under high pressure, a normal braking hydraulic circuit and a hydraulic circuit of park.

Le circuit hydraulique de parc comporte classiquement une vanne de parc ayant un port de sortie adapté à être sélectivement connecté soit à la source de pression, soit à un circuit de retour sous basse pression relativement à ladite haute pression.The park hydraulic circuit conventionally comprises a park valve having an output port adapted to be selectively connected to either the pressure source or a low pressure return circuit relative to said high pressure.

La vanne de parc est classiquement manoeuvrée par un électro-aimant linéaire comportant une tige coulissant entre une position étendue et une position rétractée. La surveillance de la position de la tige est généralement réalisée grâce à un capteur de pression qui mesure la pression dans le circuit hydraulique de parc. Le capteur de pression est encombrant, lourd et coûteux. Il a été envisagé de surveiller la position de la tige en intégrant un capteur de position directement sur la tige. Cependant, la présence de fluide hydraulique dans l'environnement de la tige empêche une telle intégration. De plus, la faible course de la tige ne permettrait probablement pas de détecter précisément la position de la tige dans les configurations les plus défavorables (dérive en température, chaînes de côtes, dilatations, etc.).The park valve is conventionally operated by a linear electromagnet comprising a rod sliding between an extended position and a retracted position. The monitoring of the position of the rod is generally carried out by means of a pressure sensor which measures the pressure in the hydraulic circuit of the park. The pressure sensor is bulky, heavy and expensive. It has been envisaged to monitor the position of the rod by integrating a position sensor directly on the rod. However, the presence of hydraulic fluid in the rod environment prevents such integration. In addition, the short stroke of the rod would probably not accurately detect the position of the rod in the most unfavorable configurations (temperature drift, rib chains, dilations, etc.).

OBJET DE L'INVENTIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

L'invention a pour objet de fournir une surveillance de la position de la tige d'un électro-aimant qui ne présente pas les inconvénients précédemment cités.The object of the invention is to provide a monitoring of the position of the rod of an electromagnet which does not have the disadvantages previously cited.

RESUME DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

En vue de la réalisation de ce but, on propose un électro-aimant linéaire bistable comportant un corps creux ayant des parois définissant un premier logement et un deuxième logement alignés selon un axe, une armature mobile comprenant une tige liée à une navette montée coulissante dans le corps creux selon l'axe X entre une première position extrême dans laquelle elle vient buter contre une paroi de butée du premier logement et une deuxième position extrême dans laquelle elle vient buter contre une paroi de butée du deuxième logement, et une première bobine positionnée dans le premier logement et une deuxième bobine positionnée dans le deuxième logement de sorte que la navette coulisse vers la première position extrême lorsqu'un premier courant circule dans la première bobine et dans la deuxième bobine, et de sorte que la navette coulisse vers la deuxième position extrême lorsqu'un deuxième courant circule dans la première bobine et dans la deuxième bobine. Une cavité est pratiquée dans une paroi de mesure de l'un des premier logement ou deuxième logement, et l'électro-aimant comporte un capteur de champ magnétique positionné dans la cavité et destiné à mesurer un flux magnétique régnant dans un chemin magnétique formé par les parois dudit premier logement ou deuxième logement et par la navette pour détecter que la navette est rapprochée ou éloignée de la paroi de butée dudit premier logement ou deuxième logement.In order to achieve this goal, a linear bistable electromagnet is proposed comprising a hollow body having walls defining a first housing and a second housing aligned along an axis, a movable armature comprising a rod connected to a shuttle mounted slidably in the hollow body along the X axis between a first end position in which it abuts against a stop wall of the first housing and a second end position in which it abuts against a stop wall of the second housing, and a first positioned coil in the first housing and a second coil positioned in the second housing so that the shuttle slides toward the first extreme position when a first current flows in the first coil and in the second coil, and so that the shuttle slides towards the second extreme position when a second current flows in the first coil and in the second coil . A cavity is formed in a measuring wall of one of the first housing or second housing, and the electromagnet comprises a magnetic field sensor positioned in the cavity and intended to measure a magnetic flux prevailing in a magnetic path formed by the walls of said first housing or second housing and by the shuttle to detect that the shuttle is moved towards or away from the abutment wall of said first housing or second housing.

La surveillance de la position de la tige de l'électro-aimant selon l'invention est donc effectuée par le capteur de champ magnétique intégré dans la paroi de mesure du corps creux de l'électro-aimant. Cette surveillance est donc réalisée par des moyens peu encombrants, légers et peu coûteux. Le capteur de champ magnétique, positionné dans la cavité pratiquée dans la paroi de mesure est positionné de manière simple dans un environnement exempt de fluide hydraulique. Enfin, la surveillance de la position de la tige par la mesure du flux magnétique rend cette surveillance robuste y compris en cas de configurations mécaniques et thermiques défavorables de la tige.The monitoring of the position of the rod of the electromagnet according to the invention is therefore performed by the magnetic field sensor integrated in the measuring wall of the hollow body of the electromagnet. This monitoring is done by means of space saving, light and inexpensive. The field sensor magnet positioned in the cavity in the measuring wall is easily positioned in an environment free of hydraulic fluid. Finally, the monitoring of the position of the rod by measuring the magnetic flux makes this robust monitoring including in case of adverse mechanical and thermal configurations of the rod.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lumière de la description qui suit d'un mode de mise en oeuvre particulier non limitatif de l'invention.The invention will be better understood in the light of the following description of a particular non-limiting embodiment of the invention.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés, parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe de l'électro-aimant selon l'invention, selon un plan passant par un axe longitudinal de l'électro-aimant, une tige de l'électro-aimant étant dans une position rétractée ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 1, dans laquelle la tige de l'électro-aimant est dans une position étendue.
Reference will be made to the appended drawings, among which:
  • the figure 1 is a sectional view of the electromagnet according to the invention, in a plane passing through a longitudinal axis of the electromagnet, a rod of the electromagnet being in a retracted position;
  • the figure 2 is a view similar to that of the figure 1 in which the rod of the electromagnet is in an extended position.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

En référence aux figures 1 et 2, l'électro-aimant selon l'invention 1 est un électro-aimant linéaire qui comporte un corps creux 2 présentant une forme extérieure cylindrique de section circulaire et ayant pour axe longitudinal un axe X.With reference to figures 1 and 2 , the electromagnet according to the invention 1 is a linear electromagnet which comprises a hollow body 2 having a cylindrical outer shape of circular section and having a longitudinal axis X axis.

Le corps creux 2 comporte une pluralité de parois, parmi lesquelles une paroi principale 3 présentant une surface cylindrique ayant pour axe longitudinal l'axe X, une première paroi d'extrémité 4 formant une première face du corps creux 2, une deuxième paroi d'extrémité 5 formant une deuxième face du corps creux 2, une paroi centrale 6 parallèle à la première paroi d'extrémité 4 et à la deuxième paroi d'extrémité 5 et équidistante de la première paroi d'extrémité 4 et de la deuxième paroi d'extrémité 5, et une première paroi de butée 7 et une deuxième paroi de butée 8. La première paroi de butée 7, qui présente une forme annulaire ayant pour axe longitudinal l'axe X, s'étend depuis la première paroi d'extrémité 4 vers l'intérieur du corps creux 2. La deuxième paroi de butée 8, qui présente une forme annulaire ayant pour axe longitudinal l'axe X, s'étend depuis la deuxième paroi d'extrémité 5 vers l'intérieur du corps creux 2.The hollow body 2 comprises a plurality of walls, among which a main wall 3 having a cylindrical surface having the X axis as its longitudinal axis, a first end wall 4 forming a first face of the hollow body 2, a second wall of end 5 forming a second face of the hollow body 2, a central wall 6 parallel to the first end wall 4 and the second end wall 5 and equidistant from the first end wall 4 and the second end wall 5, and a first abutment wall 7 and a second abutment wall 8. The first abutment wall 7, which has an annular shape having its axis longitudinal X axis, extends from the first end wall 4 inwardly of the hollow body 2. The second abutment wall 8, which has an annular shape having the longitudinal axis X axis, extends from the second end wall 5 towards the inside of the hollow body 2.

La paroi principale 3, la première paroi d'extrémité 4, la première paroi de butée 7 et la paroi centrale 6 définissent un premier logement 10 dans le corps creux 2.The main wall 3, the first end wall 4, the first abutment wall 7 and the central wall 6 define a first housing 10 in the hollow body 2.

La paroi principale 3, la deuxième paroi d'extrémité 5, la deuxième paroi de butée 8 et la paroi centrale 6 définissent un deuxième logement 11 dans le corps creux 2.The main wall 3, the second end wall 5, the second abutment wall 8 and the central wall 6 define a second housing 11 in the hollow body 2.

Le corps creux 2 (et donc l'ensemble des parois qui viennent d'être évoquées) est fabriqué ici en acier inoxydable martensitique. L'acier inoxydable martensitique utilisé est en l'occurrence un acier inoxydable de type X30Cr13.The hollow body 2 (and therefore all of the walls that have just been mentioned) is manufactured here in martensitic stainless steel. The martensitic stainless steel used is in this case a stainless steel type X30Cr13.

Un aimant permanent 12, de forme annulaire, s'étend depuis la paroi centrale 6 vers l'axe X. La paroi centrale 6 et l'aimant permanent 12 séparent le premier logement 10 et le deuxième logement 11. L'aimant permanent 12 est ici un aimant néodyme fabriqué en SmCo5.A permanent magnet 12, of annular shape, extends from the central wall 6 towards the axis X. The central wall 6 and the permanent magnet 12 separate the first housing 10 and the second housing 11. The permanent magnet 12 is here a neodymium magnet manufactured in SmCo5.

Le premier logement 10 comporte une première bobine principale 13 et une première bobine auxiliaire 14. Le deuxième logement 11 comporte une deuxième bobine principale 15 et une deuxième bobine auxiliaire 16. La première bobine principale 13 et la deuxième bobine principale 15 sont reliées en série. La première bobine auxiliaire 14 et la deuxième bobine auxiliaire 16 sont reliées en série.The first housing 10 comprises a first main coil 13 and a first auxiliary coil 14. The second housing 11 comprises a second main coil 15 and a second auxiliary coil 16. The first main coil 13 and the second main coil 15 are connected in series. The first auxiliary coil 14 and the second auxiliary coil 16 are connected in series.

L'électro-aimant 1 comporte de plus une armature mobile 18 comprenant une tige 19 et une navette 20. La tige 19 a pour axe longitudinal un axe X'. La navette 20 comprend une partie courante 21 et une partie de liaison 22. La partie courante 21 de la navette 20 présente une forme extérieure cylindrique de section circulaire et ayant pour axe longitudinal l'axe X'. La partie de liaison 22 est une paroi perpendiculaire à l'axe X' et située au centre de la partie courante 21. Lorsque l'armature mobile 18 est montée dans le corps creux 2, l'axe X' est confondu avec l'axe X.The electromagnet 1 further comprises a mobile armature 18 comprising a rod 19 and a shuttle 20. The rod 19 has a longitudinal axis X '. The shuttle 20 comprises a running portion 21 and a connecting portion 22. The running portion 21 of the shuttle 20 has a cylindrical outer shape of circular section and having the longitudinal axis X 'axis. The connecting portion 22 is a wall perpendicular to the axis X 'and located in the center of the running portion 21. When the moving armature 18 is mounted in the hollow body 2, the axis X' coincides with the axis X.

La tige 19 de l'armature mobile 18 est fabriquée ici en aluminium. La navette 20 est fabriquée ici en acier inoxydable martensitique. L'acier inoxydable martensitique utilisé est en l'occurrence un acier inoxydable de type X30Cr13. La tige 19 est fixée à la navette 20 de manière à s'étendre coaxialement à celle-ci.The rod 19 of the mobile armature 18 is made of aluminum here. The shuttle 20 is manufactured here in martensitic stainless steel. The martensitic stainless steel used is in this case a stainless steel type X30Cr13. The rod 19 is fixed to the shuttle 20 so as to extend coaxially therewith.

L'électro-aimant 1 fonctionne de la manière suivante. Lorsque, sous l'application d'une première tension de commande, un premier courant circule dans un premier sens dans la première bobine principale 13 et dans la deuxième bobine principale 15, un premier champ magnétique est généré, sous l'effet duquel la navette 20 coulisse dans le corps creux 2 selon l'axe X et se rapproche de la première paroi de butée 7 du premier logement 10 jusqu'à une première position extrême dans laquelle la navette 20 vient buter contre la première paroi de butée 7 du premier logement 10. La tige 19 est alors dans une position rétractée. Lorsque la première tension de commande n'est plus appliquée et que le premier courant ne circule plus, la navette 20 est maintenue dans la première position extrême par l'effet d'un champ magnétique généré par l'aimant permanent 12. La tige 19 est donc maintenue dans la position rétractée (situation visible sur la figure 1).The electromagnet 1 operates in the following manner. When, under the application of a first control voltage, a first current flows in a first direction in the first main coil 13 and in the second main coil 15, a first magnetic field is generated, under the effect of which the shuttle 20 slides in the hollow body 2 along the X axis and is close to the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10 to a first extreme position in which the shuttle 20 abuts against the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10. The rod 19 is then in a retracted position. When the first control voltage is no longer applied and the first current no longer circulates, the shuttle 20 is held in the first extreme position by the effect of a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 12. The rod 19 is thus maintained in the retracted position (situation visible on the figure 1 ).

Lorsque, sous l'application d'une deuxième tension de commande, un deuxième courant circule dans un deuxième sens opposé au premier sens dans la première bobine principale 13 et dans la deuxième bobine principale 15, un deuxième champ magnétique est généré, sous l'effet duquel la navette 20 coulisse dans le corps creux 2 selon l'axe X et se rapproche de la deuxième paroi de butée 8 du deuxième logement 11 jusqu'à une deuxième position extrême dans laquelle la navette 20 vient buter contre la deuxième paroi de butée 8 du deuxième logement 11. La tige 19 est alors dans une position étendue. Lorsque la deuxième tension de commande n'est plus appliquée et que le deuxième courant ne circule plus, la navette 20 est maintenue dans la deuxième position extrême par l'effet d'un champ magnétique généré par l'aimant permanent. La tige 19 est donc maintenue dans la position étendue (situation visible sur la figure 2).When, under the application of a second control voltage, a second current flows in a second direction opposite to the first direction in the first main coil 13 and in the second main coil 15, a second magnetic field is generated, under effect of which the shuttle 20 slides in the hollow body 2 along the X axis and approaches the second abutment wall 8 of the second housing 11 to a second extreme position in which the shuttle 20 abuts against the second abutment wall 8 of the second housing 11. The rod 19 is then in an extended position. When the second control voltage is no longer applied and the second current is no longer circulating, the shuttle 20 is held in the second extreme position by the effect of a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet. The rod 19 is thus maintained in the extended position (situation visible on the figure 2 ).

L'électro-aimant 1 est donc un électro-aimant linéaire bistable.The electromagnet 1 is a bistable linear electromagnet.

La première bobine auxiliaire 14 et la deuxième bobine auxiliaire 16 sont agencées de la même manière et jouent exactement le même rôle que la première bobine principale 13 et la deuxième bobine principale 15. La première bobine auxiliaire 14 et la deuxième bobine auxiliaire 16 sont utilisées uniquement lorsqu'un défaut (par exemple un court-circuit ou un circuit ouvert) se produit sur la première bobine principale 13 et/ou sur la deuxième bobine principale 15. Le circuit magnétique de l'électro-aimant 1 est donc redondé.The first auxiliary coil 14 and the second auxiliary coil 16 are arranged in the same way and play exactly the same role as the first main coil 13 and the second main coil 15. The first auxiliary coil 14 and the second auxiliary coil 16 are used only when a fault (for example a short circuit or an open circuit) occurs on the first main coil 13 and / or on the second main coil 15. The magnetic circuit of the electromagnet 1 is redundant.

On note que le corps creux 2 de l'électro-aimant 1 comporte une paroi de mesure, qui est en l'occurrence la première paroi d'extrémité 4. La première paroi d'extrémité 4 comporte une cavité 25 qui présente la forme d'une rainure débouchant vers l'extérieur du corps creux 2. La cavité ne débouche pas vers l'intérieur de la cavité du corps creux 2. L'épaisseur e de la première paroi d'extrémité 4, au niveau de la cavité 25, est comprise entre 0,4mm et 1mm. Cette épaisseur e est ici approximativement égale à 0,7mm.It is noted that the hollow body 2 of the electromagnet 1 comprises a measuring wall, which is in this case the first end wall 4. The first wall end 4 comprises a cavity 25 which has the shape of a groove opening towards the outside of the hollow body 2. The cavity does not open towards the inside of the cavity of the hollow body 2. The thickness e of the first end wall 4, at the level of the cavity 25, is between 0.4mm and 1mm. This thickness e is here approximately equal to 0.7 mm.

Un capteur de champ magnétique, en l'occurrence un capteur à effet Hall 26, est positionné à l'intérieur de la cavité 25. La partie sensible du capteur à effet Hall 26 est positionnée contre le fond de la cavité 25.A magnetic field sensor, in this case a Hall effect sensor 26, is positioned inside the cavity 25. The sensitive part of the Hall effect sensor 26 is positioned against the bottom of the cavity 25.

Le capteur à effet Hall 26 permet de détecter que la navette 20 est rapprochée de la première paroi de butée 7 du premier logement 10 ou bien de la deuxième paroi de butée 8 du deuxième logement 11. Le capteur à effet Hall 26 permet donc notamment de détecter que la navette 20 se trouve dans la première position extrême ou dans la deuxième position extrême, et donc que la tige 19 se trouve dans la position rétractée ou dans la position étendue.The Hall effect sensor 26 makes it possible to detect that the shuttle 20 is brought closer to the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10 or to the second abutment wall 8 of the second housing 11. The Hall effect sensor 26 thus makes it possible, in particular, to detecting that the shuttle 20 is in the first extreme position or in the second extreme position, and therefore that the rod 19 is in the retracted position or in the extended position.

En effet, lorsque la navette est rapprochée de la première paroi de butée 7 du premier logement 10 et, notamment, lorsque la navette 20 vient buter contre la première paroi de butée 7 du premier logement 10 (comme cela est visible sur la figure 1), un flux magnétique résultant du champ magnétique généré par la première bobine principale 13 (ou par la première bobine auxiliaire 14 si celle-ci est utilisée) est principalement concentré dans un premier chemin magnétique 30 formé par les parois du premier logement 10. Le flux magnétique est symbolisé par des lignes de champ magnétique 31. On observe que les lignes de champ magnétique 31 sont particulièrement concentrées dans la première paroi d'extrémité 4 au niveau de la cavité 25, et donc que le flux magnétique y est particulièrement important. Le capteur à effet Hall 26 détecte ainsi les fuites de champ magnétique au niveau du fond de la cavité 25, et mesure un champ magnétique relativement important.Indeed, when the shuttle is close to the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10 and, in particular, when the shuttle 20 abuts against the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10 (as is visible on the figure 1 ), a magnetic flux resulting from the magnetic field generated by the first main coil 13 (or by the first auxiliary coil 14 if it is used) is mainly concentrated in a first magnetic path 30 formed by the walls of the first housing 10. The magnetic flux is symbolized by magnetic field lines 31. It is observed that the magnetic field lines 31 are particularly concentrated in the first end wall 4 at the level of the cavity 25, and therefore that the magnetic flux is particularly important. The Hall effect sensor 26 thus detects the magnetic field leaks at the bottom of the cavity 25, and measures a relatively large magnetic field.

Des moyens de traitement, reliés au capteur à effet Hall 26 et non représentés sur les figures, acquièrent les mesures réalisées par le capteur à effet Hall 26 et détectent, en fonction de l'amplitude de champ magnétique mesuré, que la navette 20 est rapprochée de la première paroi de butée 7 du premier logement 10, et, éventuellement, que la navette 20 est en butée contre la première paroi de butée 7 du premier logement 10. Les moyens de traitement détectent alors que la tige 19 se trouve donc dans la position rétractée.Processing means, connected to the Hall effect sensor 26 and not shown in the figures, acquire the measurements made by the Hall effect sensor 26 and detect, as a function of the measured magnetic field amplitude, that the shuttle 20 is brought closer together the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10, and, optionally, that the shuttle 20 abuts against the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10. The processing means then detect that the rod 19 is therefore in the retracted position.

Au contraire, lorsque la navette 20 est éloignée de la première paroi de butée 7 du premier logement 10, et, notamment, lorsque la navette 20 vient buter contre la deuxième paroi de butée 8 du deuxième logement 11 (comme cela est visible sur la figure 2), le flux magnétique résultant du champ magnétique généré par la deuxième bobine principale 15 (ou par la deuxième bobine auxiliaire 16 si celle-ci est utilisée) est principalement concentré dans un deuxième chemin magnétique 32 formé par les parois du deuxième logement 11. Le capteur à effet Hall 26 mesure donc un champ magnétique relativement faible.On the other hand, when the shuttle 20 is moved away from the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10, and in particular when the shuttle 20 abuts against the second abutment wall 8 of the second housing 11 (as can be seen in FIG. figure 2 ), the magnetic flux resulting from the magnetic field generated by the second main coil (or by the second auxiliary coil 16 if it is used) is mainly concentrated in a second magnetic path 32 formed by the walls of the second housing 11. The Hall effect sensor 26 therefore measures a relatively weak magnetic field.

Les moyens de traitement acquièrent les mesures réalisées par le capteur à effet Hall 26 et détectent, en fonction de l'amplitude de champ magnétique mesuré, que la navette 20 est éloignée de la première paroi de butée 7 du premier logement 10, et, éventuellement, que la navette 20 est en butée contre la deuxième paroi de butée 8 du deuxième logement 11. La tige 19 se trouve donc dans la position étendue.The processing means acquire the measurements made by the Hall sensor 26 and detect, as a function of the measured magnetic field amplitude, that the shuttle 20 is moved away from the first stop wall 7 of the first housing 10, and possibly , that the shuttle 20 is in abutment against the second abutment wall 8 of the second housing 11. The rod 19 is therefore in the extended position.

On note qu'il est possible soit de réaliser une mesure « linéaire » de la position de la navette 20 entre la première position extrême et la deuxième position extrême, et donc de la position de la tige 19 entre la position rétractée et la position étendue, soit de réaliser une mesure « binaire », qui indique que la navette 20 se trouve soit dans la première position extrême, soit dans la deuxième position extrême. La mesure binaire est plus simple à mettre en oeuvre et semble la plus appropriée car la première position extrême et la deuxième position extrême sont les seules positions stables de la navette 20.Note that it is possible either to perform a "linear" measurement of the position of the shuttle 20 between the first extreme position and the second extreme position, and therefore the position of the rod 19 between the retracted position and the extended position, is to make a "binary" measurement, which indicates that the shuttle 20 is in the first position extreme, in the second extreme position. The binary measurement is simpler to implement and seems the most appropriate because the first extreme position and the second extreme position are the only stable positions of the shuttle 20.

Le capteur à effet Hall 26 peut être un capteur de type commutateur à effet Hall (ou latch, en anglais) donnant une information binaire, ou bien une sonde linéaire à effet Hall. Dans le cas d'une sonde linéaire, il est possible de réaliser une mesure binaire en définissant un seuil au-dessus duquel le champ magnétique mesuré correspond à la première position extrême de la navette 20, et au-dessous duquel le champ magnétique mesuré correspond à la deuxième position extrême de la navette 20. Le seuil peut éventuellement être réglé au moment de la fabrication de l'électro-aimant 1, ou bien au moment de tests de fonctionnement précédant sa livraison.The Hall effect sensor 26 may be a Hall-effect (or latch ) type sensor giving a binary information, or a Hall effect linear probe. In the case of a linear probe, it is possible to perform a binary measurement by defining a threshold above which the measured magnetic field corresponds to the first extreme position of the shuttle 20, and below which the measured magnetic field corresponds at the second extreme position of the shuttle 20. The threshold may optionally be adjusted at the time of manufacture of the electromagnet 1, or at the time of operating tests prior to delivery.

Avantageusement, les moyens de traitement sont positionnés sur une carte électrique ou dans un calculateur utilisés pour alimenter l'électro-aimant 1 (et donc pour générer les tensions de commande appliquées aux bornes des bobines). On réduit ainsi les coûts et l'encombrement de la mise en oeuvre de la surveillance de la position de la tige 19.Advantageously, the processing means are positioned on an electrical board or in a computer used to power the electromagnet 1 (and thus to generate the control voltages applied across the coils). This reduces the costs and the size of the implementation of the monitoring of the position of the rod 19.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit mais englobe toute variante entrant dans le champ de l'invention telle que définie par les revendications.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described but encompasses any variant within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

Bien que l'on ait indiqué que le capteur de champ magnétique utilisé est un capteur à effet Hall, il est parfaitement possible d'utiliser un capteur différent (par exemple, un capteur magnétorésistif).Although it has been indicated that the field sensor Magnetic used is a Hall effect sensor, it is perfectly possible to use a different sensor (for example, a magnetoresistive sensor).

Il est aussi possible d'utiliser plusieurs capteurs de champ magnétique, positionnés ou non dans une même cavité.It is also possible to use several magnetic field sensors, positioned or not in the same cavity.

Le capteur peut bien évidemment être intégré à une paroi de mesure du deuxième logement. La paroi de mesure, qui comporte la ou les cavités, peut par ailleurs être une paroi autre qu'une paroi d'extrémité, par exemple une paroi de butée.The sensor can obviously be integrated in a measuring wall of the second housing. The measuring wall, which includes the cavity or cavities, may also be a wall other than an end wall, for example a stop wall.

Claims (7)

Electro-aimant linéaire bistable comportant un corps creux (2) avec des parois définissant un premier logement (10) et un deuxième logement (11) alignés selon un axe X, une armature mobile (18) comprenant une tige (19) liée à une navette (20) montée coulissante dans le corps creux (2) selon l'axe X entre une première position extrême dans laquelle la navette vient buter contre une première paroi de butée (7) du premier logement (10) et une deuxième position extrême dans laquelle la navette vient buter contre une deuxième paroi de butée (8) du deuxième logement (11), et une première bobine (13) positionnée dans le premier logement et une deuxième bobine (15) positionnée dans le deuxième logement, de sorte que la navette coulisse vers la première position extrême lorsqu'un premier courant circule dans la première bobine et dans la deuxième bobine, et de sorte que la navette coulisse vers la deuxième position extrême lorsqu'un deuxième courant circule dans la première bobine et dans la deuxième bobine, caractérisé en ce qu'une cavité (25) est pratiquée dans une paroi de mesure (4) de l'un des premier logement ou deuxième logement, et en ce que l'électro-aimant comporte un capteur de champ magnétique (26) positionné dans la cavité et destiné à mesurer un flux magnétique régnant dans un chemin magnétique formé par les parois dudit premier logement ou deuxième logement et par la navette, pour détecter que la navette est rapprochée ou éloignée de la paroi de butée dudit premier logement ou deuxième logement.Bistable linear electromagnet comprising a hollow body (2) with walls defining a first housing (10) and a second housing (11) aligned along an axis X, a movable armature (18) comprising a rod (19) connected to a shuttle (20) slidably mounted in the hollow body (2) along the X axis between a first end position in which the shuttle abuts against a first abutment wall (7) of the first housing (10) and a second extreme position in which the shuttle abuts against a second abutment wall (8) of the second housing (11), and a first coil (13) positioned in the first housing and a second coil (15) positioned in the second housing, so that the shuttle slides to the first extreme position when a first current flows in the first coil and in the second coil, and so that the shuttle slides towards the second extreme position when a second current flows in the second coil. first coil and in the second coil, characterized in that a cavity (25) is formed in a measuring wall (4) of one of the first housing or second housing, and in that the electromagnet comprises a magnetic field sensor (26) positioned in the cavity and intended to measure a magnetic flux prevailing in a magnetic path formed by the walls of said first housing or second housing and by the shuttle, to detect that the shuttle is near or away from the wall abutting said first housing or second housing. Electro-aimant selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le premier logement (10) et le deuxième logement (11) sont séparés par une paroi (6) du corps creux (2) et par un aimant permanent (12).Electromagnet according to claim 1, wherein the first housing (10) and the second housing (11) are separated by a wall (6) of the hollow body (2) and a permanent magnet (12). Electro-aimant selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la cavité (25) débouche vers l'extérieur du corps creux.Electromagnet according to claim 1, wherein the cavity (25) opens outwardly of the hollow body. Electro-aimant selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle la paroi de mesure (4) présente, au niveau de la cavité, une épaisseur comprise entre 0,4mm et 10mm.Electromagnet according to claim 3, wherein the measuring wall (4) has, at the cavity, a thickness of between 0.4mm and 10mm. Electro-aimant selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le corps creux (2) est fabriqué en acier inoxydable martensitique.An electromagnet according to claim 1, wherein the hollow body (2) is made of martensitic stainless steel. Electro-aimant selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la navette (20) est fabriquée en acier inoxydable martensitique.An electromagnet according to claim 1, wherein the shuttle (20) is made of martensitic stainless steel. Electro-aimant selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la tige (19) est fabriquée en aluminium.An electromagnet according to claim 1, wherein the rod (19) is made of aluminum.
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