EP3263767B1 - Traverse ferroviaire et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Traverse ferroviaire et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3263767B1
EP3263767B1 EP17178292.3A EP17178292A EP3263767B1 EP 3263767 B1 EP3263767 B1 EP 3263767B1 EP 17178292 A EP17178292 A EP 17178292A EP 3263767 B1 EP3263767 B1 EP 3263767B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
thermoplastic material
elements
railway sleeper
rod
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Active
Application number
EP17178292.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3263767A1 (fr
Inventor
Alexander Huwe
Reimund Dann
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Integrico Europe GmbH
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Individual
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/44—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from other materials only if the material is essential

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a railway sleeper comprising an existing or containing thermoplastic material body with longitudinally extending reinforcement with a structure which is positively enclosed by the thermoplastic material.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a railway sleeper, which consists of thermoplastic material or contains this and in the longitudinal direction extends at least one reinforcement.
  • a corresponding railway threshold is the DE 699 29 819 T2 refer to.
  • the railway sleeper has a hard inner core as a reinforcement in the form of an elongated reinforcing element, which in turn is surrounded by an outer housing made of a deformable composite material.
  • the outer casing is double-shelled and consists of polyethylene and ground rubber particles.
  • the two-layered construction results in constructive and production-related disadvantages, in particular a geometrical adaptation of reinforcement element and housing shells is required to provide a circumferentially closed threshold.
  • a synthetic threshold which consists of a composite material.
  • the composite has a core layer and a surface layer containing a thermosetting resin reinforced by long fibers.
  • thermoplastic material containing recycled polyolefin and glass fibers known. From the material, a molded body in the form of a railway sleeper can be produced.
  • the use of glass fibers on the one hand has the disadvantage that when compounding a strong wear of the waves can occur. As Recyclematerial the molded body is not suitable due to the contained glass fibers.
  • a railway sleeper of the type mentioned in the form of a composite threshold is the US 5 609 295 A1 refer to.
  • a double T-beam which can be made of polyethylene and is structured by openings or stepped longitudinal edges.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a railway sleeper and a method for producing such a one which has a sufficient bending stiffness or strength, so that a comprehensive use, especially in track superstructure is possible.
  • the invention provides, inter alia, a railway sleeper, which is characterized essentially by the fact that the reinforcing element rod-shaped and made of plastic solid or hollow rod or existing pipe element and the outside has a tooth structure, such as wave structure.
  • the reinforcement is at least one superstructure having a structure rod-shaped reinforcing element, which is the form-fitting enclosing the structure of the thermoplastic material.
  • the reinforcing element consists in particular of plastic, in particular glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP).
  • the reinforcement may be made of suitable materials to ensure the desired flexural strength and rigidity.
  • the reinforcing element is at least one externally profiled as a wave structure exhibiting rod element, in particular an existing GRP rod or tube element, preferably a solid or hollow rod or tube made of GRP.
  • the structure is formed by an external thread.
  • thermoplastic material It can virtually be used as a threaded rod such as spindle, which is positively enclosed by the thermoplastic material.
  • thermoplastic material consists of shredded particles.
  • the particles are subjected to a heat treatment in such a way that preferably not all of the particles completely melt, but at least some of the particles are melted only superficially. This is preferably done by means of thermokinetic mixing.
  • a thermokinetic mixing device can be used, as this US 5,895,790 A it can be seen, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference. Destroying long-chain polymer molecules is thereby avoided or reduced.
  • the reinforcing element consists of a material whose linear coefficient of thermal expansion deviates at least approximately by 0.5 ⁇ 10 -1 K -1 from that of the thermoplastic material. Regardless of this, longitudinal movement of the reinforcing element within the basic body is ruled out since the thermoplastic material positively surrounds the reinforcing element in the longitudinal direction.
  • thermoplastic material in particular one or more materials from the group polyethylene, in particular LDPE and / or HDPE polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene ether, polycarbonate, polyamide, acrylonitrile-butadine-styrene , Polymethylmicroacrylate, polysterene.
  • the railway sleeper in the longitudinal direction of the railway sleeper run at least two, at least preferably four rod-shaped reinforcing elements, wherein each two are arranged symmetrically to a plane of symmetry, within which the longitudinal axis of the railway sleeper can extend.
  • the plane of symmetry runs parallel to the longitudinal sides and / or the top and bottom sides in the case of a cuboid railway sleeper.
  • six reinforcing elements may be provided within the railway sleeper.
  • the cross-sectional area of the reinforcing elements extending in the longitudinal axis direction of the railway sleepers should account for 2% to 15% of the cross-sectional area of the railway sleepers.
  • the cross-sectional area of the reinforcing elements should be between 2.5% and 10% of the cross-sectional area of the railway sleeper.
  • shredded, recycled thermoplastic material which may be presorted, is supplied to the mixing device, in particular in the form of a compounder.
  • the particles are exposed to a temperature which is preferably in the range between 130.degree. C. and 160.degree. C., preferably approximately 150.degree.
  • the temperature during the entire compounding should be kept substantially constant. Irrespective of this, the particles have a temperature which causes an at least superficial melting, that is to say that they do not necessarily undergo melt-through, even if particles can also be completely melted.
  • the only partial melting results in the advantage that long-chain polymer molecules are spared with the result that the material itself already in the solidified state has a higher strength compared to materials which are produced by extrusion.
  • the desired bending stiffness or strength of the railway sleeper results in particular from the fact that in the longitudinal direction of the railway sleeper runs at least one rod-shaped reinforcing element, which is designed in particular in the form of a hollow rod or pipe consisting of fiberglass.
  • thermoplastic material such that is superficially structured so that the thermoplastic material can form-fitting surround the reinforcing element
  • a reinforcing element such that is superficially structured so that the thermoplastic material can form-fitting surround the reinforcing element
  • the structuring can be achieved by a type of wave structure, in particular by an external thread.
  • Other ways to ensure the desired structure and thus the required positive engagement by penetration of the thermoplastic material in the surface structure, are of course also covered by the invention.
  • a knobbed structure can be selected.
  • a pencil-shaped holder running on the inside of the tool extends, onto which the rod is inserted.
  • it must be hollow in the corresponding end region, that is to say have a hollow cylinder geometry at the end of a round rod.
  • hollow rods or tubes are used here as rod-shaped elements.
  • the rod-shaped element can also be fixed by a pin-shaped element in the input region of the tool.
  • the reinforcing element must be designed to be hollow.
  • the reinforcement is positioned in the tool such that the reinforcement is fixed in position by solidification of the thermoplastic material in the tool.
  • thermoplastic material which consist of pre-sorted recycled plastic material, in particular the thermoplastic material of polymers, in particular of at least one material selected from the group polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene ether, polycarbonate, polyamide, Arcylnitrile-butadine-styrene, polymethylmicroacrylate, polysterene. is used.
  • the invention is characterized in that after filling of the tool, this end closed and then forcibly cooled. After solidification of the railway sleeper this is pushed out of the tool.
  • the invention also relates to a tool with the described features or some of these.
  • a tool for producing a thermoplastic material consisting of railway sleeper comprising a hollow cuboid housing having a sliding in its longitudinal direction sliding element, which is penetrated by running inside the tool rod-shaped reinforcing elements, wherein from the rear end face of the tool a holder with pin-shaped elements emanating are added in sections by the reinforcing elements.
  • the tool is characterized in that the pin-shaped elements pass through sleeve-like elements and protrude beyond them, wherein the length of the sleeve-like elements corresponds to the extent of the sliding element in the longitudinal direction of the housing.
  • pin-shaped elements emanate from the opening-side end face region of the tool, which extend at least in sections within the hollow-rod-shaped reinforcing elements.
  • the invention is explained, are made by means of the railway sleepers, which consist of a thermoplastic material having extending in the longitudinal direction of the railway sleeper reinforcing bars, which are structured on the outside and are positively surrounded by the thermoplastic material.
  • a corresponding railway sleeper 10 is the Fig. 1 refer to.
  • the railway sleeper 10 may have a cuboid shape and consists in the true sense of a base body 12 made of thermoplastic material, in the longitudinal direction according to the embodiment of Fig. 1 four reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 extend, which preferably enforce the end faces of the railway sleeper 10 or end in this, without this being absolutely necessary.
  • the reinforcing rods 14, 16, 18, 20 extend in such a way in the edge region of the railway sleeper 10 that a fixation by the solidifying in the manufacture thermoplastic material composition is possible; because in the edge region, the heat is quickly dissipated by the tool in which the railroad tie 10 is made.
  • the railway sleeper 10 consists of a matrix material of a thermoplastic material, in particular of several materials from the group polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene ether, polycarbonate, polyamide, acrylonitrile-butadine-styrene, polymethylmicroacrylate, polysterene.
  • thermokinetic mixing device in the DE 601 16 496 T2 is described, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference. Complementary is also emphatically on the revelation of US 5,895,790 A which also belongs to the disclosure of the present application.
  • the particles are compounded in such a way that not all of the particles melt completely, but only in their surfaces, so that they stick together, ie, agglomerate. That not all particles are melted, results from the Fig. 7 , which is to remove a front side of a railway sleeper, as this in principle in the Fig. 1 is shown.
  • Fig. 7 which is to remove a front side of a railway sleeper, as this in principle in the Fig. 1 is shown.
  • the thermoplastic material has incompletely molten particles, some of which are indicated by the reference numerals 22, 24, 26 purely by way of example.
  • the particles are preferably heated to a maximum of 150 ° C.
  • the temperature range is 130 ° C to 160 ° C specify.
  • the desired bending stiffness or strength of the railway sleeper 10 itself then results from the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20.
  • a portion of a corresponding reinforcing bar 28 is the Fig. 3 a . b refer to.
  • a tool 30 For the production of corresponding railway sleepers, a tool 30 is used whose internal geometry corresponds to the external geometry of the railway sleeper to be produced, which in particular has a cuboid shape.
  • the tool 30 has a box shape with in particular hollow cuboid geometry.
  • the Fig. 4 a . b is an insert a corresponding tool with hollow rod-shaped or tubular reinforcing rods to take, as these also in the Fig. 1 represented and denoted by the reference numerals 14, 16, 18, 20.
  • the insert has as an essential element on a sliding element 40 which is penetrated by the hollow rods 14, 16, 18, 20.
  • the sliding element on the left side is partially cut.
  • the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 pass through openings of the sliding element 40.
  • a bracket 140 which in the embodiment comprises two spaced-apart and connected via a pin member 142 plates 142, 144. From the tool inner side extending side of the plate 142 go out sleeves, two of which are denoted by the reference numerals 148, 149. The sleeves are penetrated by rod or pin elements, some of which are identified by reference numerals 150, 151.
  • the rod members 150, 151 extend from the back plate 144 and extend beyond the sleeve 148 beyond a length of eg 20 cm to 40 cm.
  • the reinforcing elements 14, 16, 18, 20 are then pushed, so that a clear spatial orientation of the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 is ensured in the tool 30.
  • the hollow rods 14, 16, 18, 20 can likewise be held by corresponding pin elements which extend from a holder extending in the edge region of the opening of the tool 30.
  • the sliding element 40 can have a length in the direction of the tool longitudinal axis which can correspond approximately to the length of the respective sleeve 148, 149, with the exception of its front conical end section 155.
  • the pin-shaped holders (rod elements 150, 151) and the sliding element 40 serve to fix the reinforcing rods 14, 16, 18, 20 within the tool 30 in their position.
  • the reinforcing rods 14, 16, 18, 20 are formed as tube or hollow rods. But it is also possible to use solid rods or solid tubes, which are hollow in the areas in which the pin or rod elements 150, 151 are to penetrate for fixing.
  • the sliding element 40 is in the region of the inlet opening of the tool 30.
  • the plate-shaped element 40 is displaced in the direction of the rear side of the tool 30.
  • a lateral bending of the reinforcing elements 14, 16, 18, 20 is avoided, in particular, in that pin-shaped elements extend within their ends, as has been explained in connection with the pin elements 150, 151 running in the rear region of the tool 30.
  • the tool 30 is filled with the thermoplastic material, then the tool is closed on the front side so that a pressure can build up or the pressure is maintained.
  • the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 are positively locked by the solidified thermoplastic material, so that regardless of the different coefficients of expansion, the difference is at least 10 -1 ⁇ K -1 - A longitudinal displacement to each other is omitted, which in turn ensures the desired bending stiffness and strength of the railway sleeper.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the reinforcing elements 14, 16, 18, 20 should be between 2% and 15% of the total cross-sectional area of the railway sleeper 10.
  • the value should be between 2.5% and 10%.
  • FIG. 2 Another railroad threshold 100 is in Fig. 2 shown.
  • a total of four reinforcement bars 114, 116, 118, 120 are provided within the railway sleeper 100, which run in such a way that screwing in of screws is not hindered in order to fasten rail fastening or ribbed plates 130, 132 on the upper side of the threshold 100 can.
  • the reinforcing bars 114, 116, 118, 120 may be arranged in pairs symmetrically to a plane of symmetry which is parallel to the top or bottom of the threshold 100 or to the longitudinal sides.
  • the cost-effective matrix material absorbs shear forces. These are incorporated in the prior art using a double T-beam through the web.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Traverse ferroviaire (10, 100) comprenant un corps de base (12) composé ou contenant un matériau thermoplastique et muni d'une armature (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) s'étendant dans sa direction longitudinale et ayant une structure qui est enrobée par le matériau thermoplastique,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'élément d'armature (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) est en forme de tige, et il est une tige creuse ou pleine ou un élément tubulaire composé(e) d'une matière plastique, et il présente sur l'extérieur une structure crantée, telle qu'une structure en vague.
  2. Traverse ferroviaire selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'élément d'armature (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) est constitué d'un matériau dont le coefficient de dilatation linéaire diffère d'au moins 10-1 x K-1 de celui du matériau thermoplastique, et en ce que l'élément d'armature (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) en forme de tige est constitué de préférence d'une matière plastique à renfort de verre (PRV).
  3. Traverse ferroviaire selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la traverse ferroviaire (10, 100) est constituée au moins en partie de particules (22, 24, 26) fondues exclusivement en surface, le matériau thermoplastique étant constitué de préférence d'un mélange de polymères, en particulier de polyoléfines, en particulier d'un ou plusieurs matériaux du groupe constitué du polyéthylène, du polypropylène, du chlorure de polyvinyle, du polyéthylène téréphtalate, du polycarbonate, du polyamide, de l'acrylonitrile butadiène styrène, du polymicroacrylate de méthyle et du polystyrène.
  4. Traverse ferroviaire selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la traverse ferroviaire (10, 100) présente dans sa direction longitudinale au moins quatre éléments d'armature (14, 16, 18, 20) en forme de tige, lesquels éléments d'armature en forme de tige s'étendent par paires de manière symétrique par rapport à un plan de symétrie.
  5. Traverse ferroviaire selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la surface de la section transversale des éléments d'armature (14, 16, 18, 20) représente de 2 % à 15 %, de préférence de 2,5 % à 10 %, de la surface de la section transversale de la traverse ferroviaire (10, 100).
  6. Procédé de fabrication d'une traverse ferroviaire (10, 100) constituée ou contenant un matériau thermoplastique et dans la direction longitudinale de laquelle s'étend au moins une armature (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120), comprenant au moins les étapes de procédé consistant :
    - à faire fondre au moins partiellement des particules constituées d'un matériau thermoplastique dans un dispositif de mélange,
    - à mouler par pression le matériau thermoplastique au moins partiellement fondu dans un outil (30) qui prédétermine la géométrie extérieure de la traverse ferroviaire (10, 100) et dans la direction longitudinale duquel s'étend en tant qu'armature au moins un élément d'armature (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) en forme de tige, le matériau thermoplastique étant pressée contre un élément coulissant (40) adapté à la section transversale intérieure de l'outil, qui est mobile dans la direction longitudinale de l'outil et qui est traversé par le au moins un élément d'armature tel que défini dans la revendication 1.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    un matériau thermoplastique recyclé déchiqueté et éventuellement du talc sont amenés au dispositif de mélange, un mélange de polymères étant de préférence utilisé en tant que matériau thermoplastique, en particulier un mélange de polyoléfines, en particulier d'un ou plusieurs matériaux du groupe constitué du polyéthylène, du polypropylène, du chlorure de polyvinyle, du polyéthylène téréphtalate, du polycarbonate, du polyamide, de l'acrylonitrile butadiène styrène, du polymicroacrylate de méthyle, du polystyrène, la taille moyenne des particules en particulier étant comprise entre 1,0 cm et 3,0 cm, en particulier un mélange de particules constituées de matériaux en matière plastique préalablement triés, recyclés et en particulier broyés étant utilisé en tant que matériau thermoplastique.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 6 ou 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le moule est fermé côté entrée après remplissage avec le matériau thermoplastique, puis il est de préférence soumis à un refroidissement forcé.
  9. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications 6 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les particules sont chauffées dans le dispositif de mélange à une température maximale T de 130 °C ≤ T ≤ 160 °C, en particulier à T ≈ 150 °C.
  10. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications 6 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce que,
    pour fixer la position de l'au moins un élément d'armature (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) en forme de tige dans l'outil (30), l'élément d'armature d'une part est reçu par un support (140) s'aillant d'une face frontale opposée à l'ouverture d'entrée de l'outil, et d'autre part traverse l'élément coulissant (40) en forme de plaque.
  11. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications 6 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'élément d'armature (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) est fixé à l'intérieur de l'outil au moyen du support (140), en particulier par un élément en broche (150, 151) s'étendant à l'intérieur de l'élément d'armature.
  12. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications 6 à 11,
    caractérisé en ce que
    de la matière plastique déchiquetée composite est pressée dans l'outil (30) au moyen d'une presse axiale.
  13. Outil (30) pour la fabrication d'une traverse ferroviaire (10, 100) composée d'un matériau thermoplastique, comprenant un boîtier parallélépipédique creux avec un élément coulissant (40) déplaçable dans la direction longitudinale de celui-ci et qui est traversé par des éléments d'armature (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) en forme de tige s'étendant à l'intérieur de l'outil, tels qu'ils sont définis dans la revendication 1, un support s'aillant de la zone frontale arrière de l'outil, lequel support est muni d'éléments en forme de broche (150, 151) reçus par sections par les éléments d'armature.
  14. Outil selon la revendication 13,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les éléments en forme de broche (150, 151) traversent des éléments de type manchon (148, 149) et dépassent de ceux-ci, la longueur des éléments de type manchon correspondant à l'extension de l'élément coulissant (40) dans la direction longitudinale du boîtier, et/ou en ce que des éléments en forme de broche saillent de la zone frontale de l'outil (30) côté ouverture et s'étendent au moins par sections à l'intérieur des éléments d'armature en forme de tige creuse (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120).
EP17178292.3A 2016-06-29 2017-06-28 Traverse ferroviaire et son procédé de fabrication Active EP3263767B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016111922.9A DE102016111922B4 (de) 2016-06-29 2016-06-29 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers und ein Werkzeug hierfür

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3263767A1 EP3263767A1 (fr) 2018-01-03
EP3263767B1 true EP3263767B1 (fr) 2018-12-05

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU206056U1 (ru) * 2021-05-18 2021-08-18 Ханлар Шахлар оглы Бабаханов Шпала

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR102020007268A2 (pt) 2020-04-13 2021-10-26 Sileto Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ltda Compósito polimérico, uso do dito compósito na preparação de artigos, processo de preparação do dito compósito e artigos compreendendo o referido compósito

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3289940A (en) * 1965-09-10 1966-12-06 Poor & Co Synthetic railway tie
US5609295A (en) 1995-01-05 1997-03-11 Green Track Inc. Composite railway tie and method of manufacture thereof
US5895790A (en) 1995-03-14 1999-04-20 Good; Elmer Thermosetting wide range polymer blends
US6179215B1 (en) 1996-07-29 2001-01-30 Primix International, Llc Composite railroad crosstie
DE69938308T2 (de) 1999-04-14 2009-03-19 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Verbundstoff und synthetische Schwelle, welche diesen Verbundstoff verwendet
US6709146B1 (en) 2000-07-28 2004-03-23 David Little Thermokinetic mixer and method of using
US20080179418A1 (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-07-31 Chris Brough Composite load bearing structure
DE102011117760A1 (de) 2011-11-07 2013-05-08 Hans-Joachim Brauer Thermoplastischer Werkstoff enthaltend Recycling-Polyolefin und Glasfasern

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU206056U1 (ru) * 2021-05-18 2021-08-18 Ханлар Шахлар оглы Бабаханов Шпала

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EP3263767A1 (fr) 2018-01-03
DE102016111922A1 (de) 2018-01-04

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