EP3263767B1 - Railway sleeper and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Railway sleeper and method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3263767B1
EP3263767B1 EP17178292.3A EP17178292A EP3263767B1 EP 3263767 B1 EP3263767 B1 EP 3263767B1 EP 17178292 A EP17178292 A EP 17178292A EP 3263767 B1 EP3263767 B1 EP 3263767B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
tool
thermoplastic material
elements
railway sleeper
rod
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EP17178292.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3263767A1 (en
Inventor
Alexander Huwe
Reimund Dann
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Integrico Europe GmbH
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/44—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from other materials only if the material is essential

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a railway sleeper comprising an existing or containing thermoplastic material body with longitudinally extending reinforcement with a structure which is positively enclosed by the thermoplastic material.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a railway sleeper, which consists of thermoplastic material or contains this and in the longitudinal direction extends at least one reinforcement.
  • a corresponding railway threshold is the DE 699 29 819 T2 refer to.
  • the railway sleeper has a hard inner core as a reinforcement in the form of an elongated reinforcing element, which in turn is surrounded by an outer housing made of a deformable composite material.
  • the outer casing is double-shelled and consists of polyethylene and ground rubber particles.
  • the two-layered construction results in constructive and production-related disadvantages, in particular a geometrical adaptation of reinforcement element and housing shells is required to provide a circumferentially closed threshold.
  • a synthetic threshold which consists of a composite material.
  • the composite has a core layer and a surface layer containing a thermosetting resin reinforced by long fibers.
  • thermoplastic material containing recycled polyolefin and glass fibers known. From the material, a molded body in the form of a railway sleeper can be produced.
  • the use of glass fibers on the one hand has the disadvantage that when compounding a strong wear of the waves can occur. As Recyclematerial the molded body is not suitable due to the contained glass fibers.
  • a railway sleeper of the type mentioned in the form of a composite threshold is the US 5 609 295 A1 refer to.
  • a double T-beam which can be made of polyethylene and is structured by openings or stepped longitudinal edges.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a railway sleeper and a method for producing such a one which has a sufficient bending stiffness or strength, so that a comprehensive use, especially in track superstructure is possible.
  • the invention provides, inter alia, a railway sleeper, which is characterized essentially by the fact that the reinforcing element rod-shaped and made of plastic solid or hollow rod or existing pipe element and the outside has a tooth structure, such as wave structure.
  • the reinforcement is at least one superstructure having a structure rod-shaped reinforcing element, which is the form-fitting enclosing the structure of the thermoplastic material.
  • the reinforcing element consists in particular of plastic, in particular glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP).
  • the reinforcement may be made of suitable materials to ensure the desired flexural strength and rigidity.
  • the reinforcing element is at least one externally profiled as a wave structure exhibiting rod element, in particular an existing GRP rod or tube element, preferably a solid or hollow rod or tube made of GRP.
  • the structure is formed by an external thread.
  • thermoplastic material It can virtually be used as a threaded rod such as spindle, which is positively enclosed by the thermoplastic material.
  • thermoplastic material consists of shredded particles.
  • the particles are subjected to a heat treatment in such a way that preferably not all of the particles completely melt, but at least some of the particles are melted only superficially. This is preferably done by means of thermokinetic mixing.
  • a thermokinetic mixing device can be used, as this US 5,895,790 A it can be seen, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference. Destroying long-chain polymer molecules is thereby avoided or reduced.
  • the reinforcing element consists of a material whose linear coefficient of thermal expansion deviates at least approximately by 0.5 ⁇ 10 -1 K -1 from that of the thermoplastic material. Regardless of this, longitudinal movement of the reinforcing element within the basic body is ruled out since the thermoplastic material positively surrounds the reinforcing element in the longitudinal direction.
  • thermoplastic material in particular one or more materials from the group polyethylene, in particular LDPE and / or HDPE polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene ether, polycarbonate, polyamide, acrylonitrile-butadine-styrene , Polymethylmicroacrylate, polysterene.
  • the railway sleeper in the longitudinal direction of the railway sleeper run at least two, at least preferably four rod-shaped reinforcing elements, wherein each two are arranged symmetrically to a plane of symmetry, within which the longitudinal axis of the railway sleeper can extend.
  • the plane of symmetry runs parallel to the longitudinal sides and / or the top and bottom sides in the case of a cuboid railway sleeper.
  • six reinforcing elements may be provided within the railway sleeper.
  • the cross-sectional area of the reinforcing elements extending in the longitudinal axis direction of the railway sleepers should account for 2% to 15% of the cross-sectional area of the railway sleepers.
  • the cross-sectional area of the reinforcing elements should be between 2.5% and 10% of the cross-sectional area of the railway sleeper.
  • shredded, recycled thermoplastic material which may be presorted, is supplied to the mixing device, in particular in the form of a compounder.
  • the particles are exposed to a temperature which is preferably in the range between 130.degree. C. and 160.degree. C., preferably approximately 150.degree.
  • the temperature during the entire compounding should be kept substantially constant. Irrespective of this, the particles have a temperature which causes an at least superficial melting, that is to say that they do not necessarily undergo melt-through, even if particles can also be completely melted.
  • the only partial melting results in the advantage that long-chain polymer molecules are spared with the result that the material itself already in the solidified state has a higher strength compared to materials which are produced by extrusion.
  • the desired bending stiffness or strength of the railway sleeper results in particular from the fact that in the longitudinal direction of the railway sleeper runs at least one rod-shaped reinforcing element, which is designed in particular in the form of a hollow rod or pipe consisting of fiberglass.
  • thermoplastic material such that is superficially structured so that the thermoplastic material can form-fitting surround the reinforcing element
  • a reinforcing element such that is superficially structured so that the thermoplastic material can form-fitting surround the reinforcing element
  • the structuring can be achieved by a type of wave structure, in particular by an external thread.
  • Other ways to ensure the desired structure and thus the required positive engagement by penetration of the thermoplastic material in the surface structure, are of course also covered by the invention.
  • a knobbed structure can be selected.
  • a pencil-shaped holder running on the inside of the tool extends, onto which the rod is inserted.
  • it must be hollow in the corresponding end region, that is to say have a hollow cylinder geometry at the end of a round rod.
  • hollow rods or tubes are used here as rod-shaped elements.
  • the rod-shaped element can also be fixed by a pin-shaped element in the input region of the tool.
  • the reinforcing element must be designed to be hollow.
  • the reinforcement is positioned in the tool such that the reinforcement is fixed in position by solidification of the thermoplastic material in the tool.
  • thermoplastic material which consist of pre-sorted recycled plastic material, in particular the thermoplastic material of polymers, in particular of at least one material selected from the group polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene ether, polycarbonate, polyamide, Arcylnitrile-butadine-styrene, polymethylmicroacrylate, polysterene. is used.
  • the invention is characterized in that after filling of the tool, this end closed and then forcibly cooled. After solidification of the railway sleeper this is pushed out of the tool.
  • the invention also relates to a tool with the described features or some of these.
  • a tool for producing a thermoplastic material consisting of railway sleeper comprising a hollow cuboid housing having a sliding in its longitudinal direction sliding element, which is penetrated by running inside the tool rod-shaped reinforcing elements, wherein from the rear end face of the tool a holder with pin-shaped elements emanating are added in sections by the reinforcing elements.
  • the tool is characterized in that the pin-shaped elements pass through sleeve-like elements and protrude beyond them, wherein the length of the sleeve-like elements corresponds to the extent of the sliding element in the longitudinal direction of the housing.
  • pin-shaped elements emanate from the opening-side end face region of the tool, which extend at least in sections within the hollow-rod-shaped reinforcing elements.
  • the invention is explained, are made by means of the railway sleepers, which consist of a thermoplastic material having extending in the longitudinal direction of the railway sleeper reinforcing bars, which are structured on the outside and are positively surrounded by the thermoplastic material.
  • a corresponding railway sleeper 10 is the Fig. 1 refer to.
  • the railway sleeper 10 may have a cuboid shape and consists in the true sense of a base body 12 made of thermoplastic material, in the longitudinal direction according to the embodiment of Fig. 1 four reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 extend, which preferably enforce the end faces of the railway sleeper 10 or end in this, without this being absolutely necessary.
  • the reinforcing rods 14, 16, 18, 20 extend in such a way in the edge region of the railway sleeper 10 that a fixation by the solidifying in the manufacture thermoplastic material composition is possible; because in the edge region, the heat is quickly dissipated by the tool in which the railroad tie 10 is made.
  • the railway sleeper 10 consists of a matrix material of a thermoplastic material, in particular of several materials from the group polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene ether, polycarbonate, polyamide, acrylonitrile-butadine-styrene, polymethylmicroacrylate, polysterene.
  • thermokinetic mixing device in the DE 601 16 496 T2 is described, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference. Complementary is also emphatically on the revelation of US 5,895,790 A which also belongs to the disclosure of the present application.
  • the particles are compounded in such a way that not all of the particles melt completely, but only in their surfaces, so that they stick together, ie, agglomerate. That not all particles are melted, results from the Fig. 7 , which is to remove a front side of a railway sleeper, as this in principle in the Fig. 1 is shown.
  • Fig. 7 which is to remove a front side of a railway sleeper, as this in principle in the Fig. 1 is shown.
  • the thermoplastic material has incompletely molten particles, some of which are indicated by the reference numerals 22, 24, 26 purely by way of example.
  • the particles are preferably heated to a maximum of 150 ° C.
  • the temperature range is 130 ° C to 160 ° C specify.
  • the desired bending stiffness or strength of the railway sleeper 10 itself then results from the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20.
  • a portion of a corresponding reinforcing bar 28 is the Fig. 3 a . b refer to.
  • a tool 30 For the production of corresponding railway sleepers, a tool 30 is used whose internal geometry corresponds to the external geometry of the railway sleeper to be produced, which in particular has a cuboid shape.
  • the tool 30 has a box shape with in particular hollow cuboid geometry.
  • the Fig. 4 a . b is an insert a corresponding tool with hollow rod-shaped or tubular reinforcing rods to take, as these also in the Fig. 1 represented and denoted by the reference numerals 14, 16, 18, 20.
  • the insert has as an essential element on a sliding element 40 which is penetrated by the hollow rods 14, 16, 18, 20.
  • the sliding element on the left side is partially cut.
  • the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 pass through openings of the sliding element 40.
  • a bracket 140 which in the embodiment comprises two spaced-apart and connected via a pin member 142 plates 142, 144. From the tool inner side extending side of the plate 142 go out sleeves, two of which are denoted by the reference numerals 148, 149. The sleeves are penetrated by rod or pin elements, some of which are identified by reference numerals 150, 151.
  • the rod members 150, 151 extend from the back plate 144 and extend beyond the sleeve 148 beyond a length of eg 20 cm to 40 cm.
  • the reinforcing elements 14, 16, 18, 20 are then pushed, so that a clear spatial orientation of the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 is ensured in the tool 30.
  • the hollow rods 14, 16, 18, 20 can likewise be held by corresponding pin elements which extend from a holder extending in the edge region of the opening of the tool 30.
  • the sliding element 40 can have a length in the direction of the tool longitudinal axis which can correspond approximately to the length of the respective sleeve 148, 149, with the exception of its front conical end section 155.
  • the pin-shaped holders (rod elements 150, 151) and the sliding element 40 serve to fix the reinforcing rods 14, 16, 18, 20 within the tool 30 in their position.
  • the reinforcing rods 14, 16, 18, 20 are formed as tube or hollow rods. But it is also possible to use solid rods or solid tubes, which are hollow in the areas in which the pin or rod elements 150, 151 are to penetrate for fixing.
  • the sliding element 40 is in the region of the inlet opening of the tool 30.
  • the plate-shaped element 40 is displaced in the direction of the rear side of the tool 30.
  • a lateral bending of the reinforcing elements 14, 16, 18, 20 is avoided, in particular, in that pin-shaped elements extend within their ends, as has been explained in connection with the pin elements 150, 151 running in the rear region of the tool 30.
  • the tool 30 is filled with the thermoplastic material, then the tool is closed on the front side so that a pressure can build up or the pressure is maintained.
  • the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 are positively locked by the solidified thermoplastic material, so that regardless of the different coefficients of expansion, the difference is at least 10 -1 ⁇ K -1 - A longitudinal displacement to each other is omitted, which in turn ensures the desired bending stiffness and strength of the railway sleeper.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the reinforcing elements 14, 16, 18, 20 should be between 2% and 15% of the total cross-sectional area of the railway sleeper 10.
  • the value should be between 2.5% and 10%.
  • FIG. 2 Another railroad threshold 100 is in Fig. 2 shown.
  • a total of four reinforcement bars 114, 116, 118, 120 are provided within the railway sleeper 100, which run in such a way that screwing in of screws is not hindered in order to fasten rail fastening or ribbed plates 130, 132 on the upper side of the threshold 100 can.
  • the reinforcing bars 114, 116, 118, 120 may be arranged in pairs symmetrically to a plane of symmetry which is parallel to the top or bottom of the threshold 100 or to the longitudinal sides.
  • the cost-effective matrix material absorbs shear forces. These are incorporated in the prior art using a double T-beam through the web.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Eisenbahnschwelle umfassend einen aus thermoplastischem Material bestehenden oder dieses enthaltenden Grundkörper mit in dessen Längsrichtung verlaufener Bewehrung mit einer Struktur, die von dem thermoplastischen Material formschlüssig umschlossen ist.The invention relates to a railway sleeper comprising an existing or containing thermoplastic material body with longitudinally extending reinforcement with a structure which is positively enclosed by the thermoplastic material.

Ferner bezieht sich die Erfindung auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Eisenbahnschwelle, die aus thermoplastischem Material besteht oder dieses enthält und in dessen Längsrichtung zumindest eine Bewehrung verläuft.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a railway sleeper, which consists of thermoplastic material or contains this and in the longitudinal direction extends at least one reinforcement.

Eine entsprechende Eisenbahnschwelle ist der DE 699 29 819 T2 zu entnehmen. Die Eisenbahnschwelle weist einen harten Innenkern als Bewehrung in Form eines langgestreckten Verstärkungselements auf, das seinerseits von einem Außengehäuse aus einem verformbaren Verbundwerkstoff umgeben ist. Das Außengehäuse ist zweischalig ausgebildet und besteht aus Polyethylen und gemahlenen Gummipartikeln.A corresponding railway threshold is the DE 699 29 819 T2 refer to. The railway sleeper has a hard inner core as a reinforcement in the form of an elongated reinforcing element, which in turn is surrounded by an outer housing made of a deformable composite material. The outer casing is double-shelled and consists of polyethylene and ground rubber particles.

Durch die Zweischaligkeit ergeben sich konstruktive und herstellungsbedingte Nachteile, wobei insbesondere eine geometrische Anpassung von Verstärkungselement und Gehäuseschalen erforderlich ist, um eine umfangsseitig geschlossene Schwelle zur Verfügung zu stellen.The two-layered construction results in constructive and production-related disadvantages, in particular a geometrical adaptation of reinforcement element and housing shells is required to provide a circumferentially closed threshold.

Der DE 699 38 308 T2 ist eine synthetische Schwelle zu entnehmen, die aus einem Verbundwerkstoff besteht. Der Verbundwerkstoff weist eine Kernschicht sowie eine Oberflächenschicht auf, die ein hitzehärtbares Harz enthält, das durch Langfasern verstärkt wird.Of the DE 699 38 308 T2 is a synthetic threshold, which consists of a composite material. The composite has a core layer and a surface layer containing a thermosetting resin reinforced by long fibers.

Aus der DE 10 2011 117 760 A1 ist ein thermoplastischer Werkstoff enthaltend Recycling-Polyolefin und Glasfasern bekannt. Aus dem Werkstoff kann ein Formkörper in Form einer Eisenbahnschwelle hergestellt werden. Durch die Verwendung von Glasfasern ist zum einen der Nachteil gegeben, dass beim Compoundieren ein starker Verschleiß der Wellen auftreten kann. Als Recyclematerial ist der Formkörper aufgrund der enthaltenen Glasfasern nicht geeignet.From the DE 10 2011 117 760 A1 is a thermoplastic material containing recycled polyolefin and glass fibers known. From the material, a molded body in the form of a railway sleeper can be produced. The use of glass fibers on the one hand has the disadvantage that when compounding a strong wear of the waves can occur. As Recyclematerial the molded body is not suitable due to the contained glass fibers.

Eine Eisenbahnschwelle der eingangs genannten Art in Form einer Verbundschwelle ist der US 5 609 295 A1 zu entnehmen. Innerhalb der Schwelle verläuft ein Doppel-T-Träger, der aus Polyethylen bestehen kann und durch Öffnungen oder gestufte Längsränder strukturiert ist.A railway sleeper of the type mentioned in the form of a composite threshold is the US 5 609 295 A1 refer to. Within the threshold runs a double T-beam, which can be made of polyethylene and is structured by openings or stepped longitudinal edges.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Eisenbahnschwelle sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer eines solchen zur Verfügung zu stellen, die eine hinreichende Biegesteifigkeit bzw. Festigkeit aufweist, so dass ein umfassender Einsatz, insbesondere auch im Gleisoberbau möglich ist.The present invention has for its object to provide a railway sleeper and a method for producing such a one which has a sufficient bending stiffness or strength, so that a comprehensive use, especially in track superstructure is possible.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe sieht die Erfindung unter anderem eine Eisenbahnschwelle vor, die sich im Wesentlichen dadurch auszeichnet, dass das Bewehrungselement stabförmig und ein aus Kunststoff bestehender Voll- oder Hohlstab oder bestehendes Rohrelement ist und außenseitig eine Verzahnungsstruktur, wie Wellenstruktur aufweist.To achieve the object, the invention provides, inter alia, a railway sleeper, which is characterized essentially by the fact that the reinforcing element rod-shaped and made of plastic solid or hollow rod or existing pipe element and the outside has a tooth structure, such as wave structure.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Bewehrung zumindest ein oberflächlich eine Struktur aufweisendes stabförmiges Bewehrungselement , das die Struktur ausfüllend von dem thermoplastischen Material formschlüssig umschlossen ist. Dabei besteht das Bewehrungselement insbesondere aus Kunststoff, insbesondere glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (GFK).According to the invention, the reinforcement is at least one superstructure having a structure rod-shaped reinforcing element, which is the form-fitting enclosing the structure of the thermoplastic material. In this case, the reinforcing element consists in particular of plastic, in particular glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP).

Abweichend vom vorbekannten Stand der Technik bedarf es keiner in der Eisenbahnschwelle verteilter Glasfasern, um der Eisenbahnschwelle eine gewünschte Festigkeit zu verleihen. Auch ist es nicht erforderlich, dass ein mehrteiliger Grundkörper hergestellt wird, in dem eine Bewehrung eingebracht wird. Vielmehr verläuft innerhalb des Grundkörpers die Bewehrung, vorzugsweise über dessen Gesamtlänge, wobei die Bewehrung in den Stirnbereichen der Eisenbahnschwelle zurückversetzt verlaufen kann, also stirnseitig die Eisenbahnschwelle nicht durchsetzt.Notwithstanding the prior art, there is no need in the railway sleeper distributed glass fibers to give the railway sleeper a desired strength. Also it is not necessary that a multi-part body is made in which a reinforcement is introduced. Rather, within the body, the reinforcement, preferably over the entire length, wherein the reinforcement may extend set back in the frontal regions of the railway sleeper, so the railroad threshold does not penetrate the front side.

Dabei kann die Bewehrung aus geeigneten Materialien bestehen, um die gewünschte Biegefestigkeit und Steifigkeit sicherzustellen. Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass das Bewehrungselement zumindest ein außenseitig profiliertes wie eine Wellenstruktur aufweisendes Stabelement, insbesondere ein aus GFK bestehendes Stab- oder Rohrelement, bevorzugterweise ein Voll- oder Hohlstab oder Rohr aus GFK ist.In this case, the reinforcement may be made of suitable materials to ensure the desired flexural strength and rigidity. In particular, it is provided that the reinforcing element is at least one externally profiled as a wave structure exhibiting rod element, in particular an existing GRP rod or tube element, preferably a solid or hollow rod or tube made of GRP.

Dabei ist insbesondere vorgesehen, dass die Struktur durch ein Außengewinde gebildet wird.It is provided in particular that the structure is formed by an external thread.

Es kann quasi ein Gewindestab wie Spindel als Bewehrung benutzt werden, der von dem thermoplastischen Material formschlüssig umschlossen ist.It can virtually be used as a threaded rod such as spindle, which is positively enclosed by the thermoplastic material.

Andere Strukturen sind gleichfalls möglich. Es ist jedoch eine Struktur derart zu wählen, dass das Matrixmaterial, also das thermoplastische Material formschlüssig die Bewehrung umgibt. Bevorzugterweise ist daher eine Wellenstruktur oder wellenartige Struktur zu wählen. Andere den Formschluss ermöglichende Strukturen, wie Vertiefungen und Erhöhungen, wie eine Art noppenartige Struktur, sind gleichfalls möglich.Other structures are also possible. However, it is a structure to be chosen such that the matrix material, so the thermoplastic material surrounds the reinforcement form fit. It is therefore preferable to choose a wave structure or wave-like structure. Other structures enabling the form-fitting, such as recesses and elevations, such as a kind of knob-like structure, are likewise possible.

In hervorzuhebender Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass das thermoplastische Material aus geschredderten Partikeln besteht. Dabei werden die Partikel einer Wärmebehandlung derart unterzogen, dass bevorzugterweise nicht sämtliche Partikel vollständig schmelzen, sondern zumindest ein Teil der Partikel nur oberflächlich geschmolzen werden. Dies erfolgt vorzugsweise mittels thermokinetischen Mischens. Dabei kann eine thermokinetische Mischvorrichtung benutzt werden, wie diese der US 5 895 790 A zu entnehmen ist, auf deren Offenbarung ausdrücklich Bezug genommen wird. Ein Zerstören langkettiger Polymermoleküle wird hierdurch vermieden bzw. reduziert.In hervorgewhebender embodiment it is provided that the thermoplastic material consists of shredded particles. In this case, the particles are subjected to a heat treatment in such a way that preferably not all of the particles completely melt, but at least some of the particles are melted only superficially. This is preferably done by means of thermokinetic mixing. In this case, a thermokinetic mixing device can be used, as this US 5,895,790 A it can be seen, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference. Destroying long-chain polymer molecules is thereby avoided or reduced.

Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass das Bewehrungselement aus einem Material besteht, dessen linearer Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient zumindest in etwa um 0,5 x 10-1 K-1 von dem des thermoplastischen Materials abweicht. Eine Längsbewegung des Bewehrungselementes innerhalb des Grundkörpers wird ungeachtet dessen ausgeschlossen, da das thermoplastische Material formschlüssig das Bewehrungselement in Längsrichtung umgibt.In particular, it is provided that the reinforcing element consists of a material whose linear coefficient of thermal expansion deviates at least approximately by 0.5 × 10 -1 K -1 from that of the thermoplastic material. Regardless of this, longitudinal movement of the reinforcing element within the basic body is ruled out since the thermoplastic material positively surrounds the reinforcing element in the longitudinal direction.

Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass als thermoplastisches Material Polymere, insbesondere Polyolefine benutzt werden, insbesondere ein oder mehrere Materialien aus der Gruppe Polyethylen, insbesondere LDPE- und/oder HDPE-Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyethylenerphtalat, Polycarbonat, Polyamid, Arcylnitril-Butadin-Styrol, Polymethylmicroacrylat, Polysteren.In particular, it is provided that polymers, in particular polyolefins, are used as the thermoplastic material, in particular one or more materials from the group polyethylene, in particular LDPE and / or HDPE polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene ether, polycarbonate, polyamide, acrylonitrile-butadine-styrene , Polymethylmicroacrylate, polysterene.

Bevorzugterweise verlaufen in Längsrichtung der Eisenbahnschwelle zumindest zwei, zumindest vorzugsweise vier stabförmige Bewehrungselemente, wobei zwei jeweils symmetrisch zu einer Symmetrieebene angeordnet sind, innerhalb der die Längsachse der Eisenbahnschwelle verlaufen kann. Insbesondere verläuft die Symmetrieebene bei einer quaderförmigen Eisenbahnschwelle parallel zu den Längsseiten und/oder der Kopf- und Bodenseiten. Aber auch eine ungerade Anzahl von Bewehrungselementen oder z. B. sechs Bewehrungselemente können innerhalb der Eisenbahnschwelle vorgesehen sein.Preferably, in the longitudinal direction of the railway sleeper run at least two, at least preferably four rod-shaped reinforcing elements, wherein each two are arranged symmetrically to a plane of symmetry, within which the longitudinal axis of the railway sleeper can extend. In particular, the plane of symmetry runs parallel to the longitudinal sides and / or the top and bottom sides in the case of a cuboid railway sleeper. But also an odd number of reinforcing elements or z. B. six reinforcing elements may be provided within the railway sleeper.

Bevorzugterweise handelt es sich bei dem Bewehrungselement um einen Hohlstab oder Rohr aus GFK mit einem Außendurchmesser DA mit 20 mm ≤ DA ≤ 30 mm und/oder einem Innendurchmesser DI mit 10 mm ≤ DI ≤ 20 mm, bevorzugterweise DA = 2 DI.Preferably, the reinforcing element is a hollow rod or tube made of GRP with an outer diameter DA with 20 mm ≤ DA ≤ 30 mm and / or an inner diameter DI with 10 mm ≤ DI ≤ 20 mm, preferably DA = 2 DI.

Unabhängig hiervon sollte die Querschnittsfläche der Bewehrungselemente, die sich in Längsachsenrichtung der Eisenbahnschwelle erstrecken, 2 % bis 15 % der Querschnittsfläche der Eisenbahnschwelle ausmachen. Bevorzugterweise sollte die Querschnittsfläche der Bewehrungselemente zwischen 2,5 % und 10 % der Querschnittsfläche der Eisenbahnschwelle sein.Irrespective of this, the cross-sectional area of the reinforcing elements extending in the longitudinal axis direction of the railway sleepers should account for 2% to 15% of the cross-sectional area of the railway sleepers. Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the reinforcing elements should be between 2.5% and 10% of the cross-sectional area of the railway sleeper.

Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eine Eisenbahnschwelle, die aus thermoplastischem Material besteht oder dieses enthält und in deren Längsrichtung zumindest eine Bewehrung verläuft, zeichnet sich durch zumindest folgende Verfahrensschritte aus:

  • zumindest teilweises Aufschmelzen von aus thermoplastischem Material bestehenden Partikeln in einer Mischvorrichtung,
  • Pressen des zumindest teilweise aufgeschmolzenen thermoplastischen Materials in ein die Außengeometrie der Eisenbahnschwelle vorgebendes Werkzeug, in dessen Längsrichtung zumindest ein stabförmiges Bewehrungselement als die Bewehrung verläuft,
wobei das thermoplastische Material gegen ein in Längsrichtung des Werkzeugs verschiebbares an den Querschnitt des Werkzeugs angepasstes Schiebeelement gepresst wird, das von dem zumindest einen Bewehrungselement durchsetzt wird.A method for producing a railway sleeper which consists of or contains thermoplastic material and in the longitudinal direction of which at least one reinforcement runs is characterized by at least the following method steps:
  • at least partial melting of particles consisting of thermoplastic material in a mixing device,
  • Pressing the at least partially molten thermoplastic material into a tool predetermining the outer geometry of the railroad tie, in the longitudinal direction of which at least one rod-shaped reinforcing element runs as the reinforcement,
wherein the thermoplastic material is pressed against a sliding in the longitudinal direction of the tool adapted to the cross-section of the tool sliding element, which is penetrated by the at least one reinforcing element.

Es wird insbesondere geschreddertes, recyceltes thermoplastisches Material, das vorsortiert sein kann, der Mischvorrichtung, insbesondere in Form eines Compounders, zugeführt. Dabei werden die Partikel während des Compoundierens einer Temperatur ausgesetzt, die vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 130 °C und 160 °C, vorzugsweise in etwa 150 °C liegt. Dabei sollte die Temperatur während des gesamten Compoundierens im Wesentlichen gleichbleibend gehalten werden. Unabhängig hiervon wirkt auf die Partikel eine Temperatur, durch die ein zumindest oberflächliches Anschmelzen erfolgt, also nicht zwingend ein Durchschmelzen erfolgt, gleichwenn Partikel auch vollständig geschmolzen werden können. Durch das nur teilweise Schmelzen ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass langkettige Polymermoleküle geschont werden mit der Folge, dass das Material an sich bereits in erstarrtem Zustand im Vergleich zu Materialien, die durch Extrudieren hergestellt werden, eine höhere Festigkeit aufweist.In particular, shredded, recycled thermoplastic material, which may be presorted, is supplied to the mixing device, in particular in the form of a compounder. During the compounding, the particles are exposed to a temperature which is preferably in the range between 130.degree. C. and 160.degree. C., preferably approximately 150.degree. The temperature during the entire compounding should be kept substantially constant. Irrespective of this, the particles have a temperature which causes an at least superficial melting, that is to say that they do not necessarily undergo melt-through, even if particles can also be completely melted. The only partial melting results in the advantage that long-chain polymer molecules are spared with the result that the material itself already in the solidified state has a higher strength compared to materials which are produced by extrusion.

Die gewünschte Biegesteifigkeit bzw. Festigkeit der Eisenbahnschwelle ergibt sich insbesondere dadurch, dass in Längsrichtung der Eisenbahnschwelle zumindest ein stabförmiges Bewehrungselement verläuft, das insbesondere in Form eines aus GFK bestehenden Hohlstabes oder Rohres ausgebildet ist.The desired bending stiffness or strength of the railway sleeper results in particular from the fact that in the longitudinal direction of the railway sleeper runs at least one rod-shaped reinforcing element, which is designed in particular in the form of a hollow rod or pipe consisting of fiberglass.

Um sicherzustellen, dass ungeachtet unterschiedlicher linearer Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten des thermoplastischen Materials und des Bewehrungsmaterials eine Verschiebung in Längsrichtung zueinander unterbleibt, ist vorgesehen, dass als Bewehrungselement ein solches verwendet wird, das oberflächlich strukturiert ist, so dass das thermoplastische Material formschlüssig das Bewehrungselement umgeben kann, das erwähntermaßen als Stab, insbesondere als Hohlstab, insbesondere als GFK-Rohrelement ausgebildet sein kann. Die Strukturierung kann durch eine Art Wellenstruktur, insbesondere durch ein Außengewinde erzielt werden. Andere Möglichkeiten, um die gewünschte Struktur und damit den erforderlichen Formschluss durch Eindringen des thermoplastischen Materials in die Oberflächenstruktur sicherzustellen, sind selbstverständlich gleichfalls von der Erfindung erfasst. So kann z.B. auch eine Noppenstruktur gewählt werden.To ensure that regardless of different linear thermal expansion coefficients of the thermoplastic material and the reinforcing material displacement in the longitudinal direction is omitted, it is provided that is used as a reinforcing element such that is superficially structured so that the thermoplastic material can form-fitting surround the reinforcing element, as mentioned can be designed as a rod, in particular as a hollow rod, in particular as a GRP pipe element. The structuring can be achieved by a type of wave structure, in particular by an external thread. Other ways to ensure the desired structure and thus the required positive engagement by penetration of the thermoplastic material in the surface structure, are of course also covered by the invention. Thus, e.g. also a knobbed structure can be selected.

Um das stabförmige Element in einem Werkzeug zu fixieren, ist insbesondere vorgesehen, dass von zur Eintrittsöffnung des Werkzeugs gegenüberliegender Stirnseite des Werkzeugs eine werkzeuginnenseitig verlaufende stiftförmige Halterung ausgeht, auf die der Stab gesteckt wird. Hierzu muss dieser in dem entsprechenden Endbereich hohl ausgebildet sein, also bei einem Rundstab endseitig eine Hohlzylindergeometrie aufweisen. Bevorzugterweise werden hier jedoch als stabförmige Elemente Hohlstäbe bzw. Rohre eingesetzt.In order to fix the rod-shaped element in a tool, it is provided, in particular, that from the end face of the tool lying opposite the inlet opening of the tool, a pencil-shaped holder running on the inside of the tool extends, onto which the rod is inserted. For this purpose, it must be hollow in the corresponding end region, that is to say have a hollow cylinder geometry at the end of a round rod. Preferably, however, hollow rods or tubes are used here as rod-shaped elements.

Durch die endseitige Hohlgeometrie des stabförmigen Bewehrungselementes erfolgt das Fixieren an einem Ende. Das Positionieren des gegenüberliegenden Endes wird zunächst durch das durch das Werkzeug mittels des hineingepressten thermoplastischen Materials verschiebbare Schiebeelement erreicht, das von dem Bewehrungselement durchsetzt wird. Dabei erfolgt das Einpressen des Werkzeugs insbesondere mittels einer Axialpresse.Due to the end-side hollow geometry of the rod-shaped reinforcing element fixing takes place at one end. The positioning of the opposite end is first achieved by the displaceable by the tool by means of the pressed thermoplastic material sliding element, which is penetrated by the reinforcing element. In this case, the pressing of the tool takes place in particular by means of an axial press.

Des Weiteren kann das stabförmige Element gleichfalls von einem stiftförmigen Element im Eingangsbereich des Werkzeuges fixiert werden. Hierzu muss das Bewehrungselement entsprechend hohl ausgebildet sein.Furthermore, the rod-shaped element can also be fixed by a pin-shaped element in the input region of the tool. For this purpose, the reinforcing element must be designed to be hollow.

Ferner wird in bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Bewehrung derart in dem Werkzeug positioniert wird, dass die Bewehrung durch Erstarren des thermoplastischen Materials in dem Werkzeug lagefixiert wird. Somit kann grundsätzlich ein Verbiegen der stabförmigen Bewehrungselemente innerhalb des Werkzeugs unabhängig von der Stellung des Schiebeelementes nicht erfolgen.Furthermore, it is provided in a preferred embodiment of the invention that the reinforcement is positioned in the tool such that the reinforcement is fixed in position by solidification of the thermoplastic material in the tool. Thus, in principle a bending of the rod-shaped reinforcing elements within the tool regardless of the position of the sliding element does not take place.

Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass als thermoplastisches Material eine Mischung aus Körnern verwendet wird, die aus vorsortiertem recyceltem Kunststoffmaterial bestehen, wobei insbesondere das thermoplastische Material aus Polymeren, insbesondere aus zumindest einem Material aus der Gruppe Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyethylenerphtalat, Polycarbonat, Polyamid, Arcylnitril-Butadin-Styrol, Polymethylmicroacrylat, Polysteren. verwendet wird.In particular, it is provided that a mixture of grains is used as the thermoplastic material, which consist of pre-sorted recycled plastic material, in particular the thermoplastic material of polymers, in particular of at least one material selected from the group polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene ether, polycarbonate, polyamide, Arcylnitrile-butadine-styrene, polymethylmicroacrylate, polysterene. is used.

Des Weiteren zeichnet sich die Erfindung dadurch aus, dass nach Befüllen des Werkzeuges dieses endseitig verschlossen und sodann zwangsgekühlt wird. Nach Erstarren der Eisenbahnschwelle wird dieser aus dem Werkzeug herausgestoßen.Furthermore, the invention is characterized in that after filling of the tool, this end closed and then forcibly cooled. After solidification of the railway sleeper this is pushed out of the tool.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auch auf ein Werkzeug mit den beschriebenen Merkmalen oder einigen dieser.The invention also relates to a tool with the described features or some of these.

Insbesondere wird vorgeschlagen ein Werkzeug zur Herstellung einer aus thermoplastischem Material bestehenden Eisenbahnschwelle umfassend ein hohlquaderförmiges Gehäuse mit einem in dessen Längsrichtung verschiebbaren Schiebeelement, das von innerhalb des Werkzeugs verlaufenden stabförmigen Bewehrungselementen durchsetzt ist, wobei von rückseitigem Stirnseitenbereich des Werkzeugs eine Halterung mit stiftförmigen Elementen ausgeht, die abschnittsweise von den Bewehrungselementen aufgenommen sind.In particular, it is proposed a tool for producing a thermoplastic material consisting of railway sleeper comprising a hollow cuboid housing having a sliding in its longitudinal direction sliding element, which is penetrated by running inside the tool rod-shaped reinforcing elements, wherein from the rear end face of the tool a holder with pin-shaped elements emanating are added in sections by the reinforcing elements.

Insbesondere zeichnet sich das Werkzeug dadurch aus, dass die stiftförmigen Elemente hülsenartige Elemente durchsetzen und über diese vorstehen, wobei Länge der hülsenartigen Elemente der Erstreckung des Schiebeelements in Längsrichtung des Gehäuses entspricht.In particular, the tool is characterized in that the pin-shaped elements pass through sleeve-like elements and protrude beyond them, wherein the length of the sleeve-like elements corresponds to the extent of the sliding element in the longitudinal direction of the housing.

Auch besteht die Möglichkeit, dass von öffhungsseitigem Stirnseitenbereich des Werkzeuges stiftförmige Elemente ausgehen, die zumindest abschnittsweise innerhalb der hohlstabförmigen Bewehrungselemente verlaufen.There is also the possibility that pin-shaped elements emanate from the opening-side end face region of the tool, which extend at least in sections within the hollow-rod-shaped reinforcing elements.

Weitere Einzelheiten, Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich nicht nur aus den Ansprüchen, den diesen zu entnehmenden Merkmalen - für sich und/oder in Kombination -, sondern auch aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von der Zeichnung zu entnehmenden bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen.For more details, advantages and features of the invention will become apparent not only from the claims, the features to be taken these features - alone and / or in combination - but also from the following description of the drawing to be taken preferred embodiments.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Eisenbahnschwelle,
Fig. 2
eine weitere Eisenbahnschwelle,
Fig. 3 a, b
einen Abschnitt eines Bewehrungselementes, in Seitenansicht und im Schnitt,
Fig. 4 a, b
einen Einsatz eines Werkzeuges mit Bewehrungselementen, in perspektivischer Darstellung und in Seitenansicht,
Fig. 5
ein Werkzeug mit Blick ins Innere,
Fig. 6
ein Schiebeelement des Einsatzes gemäß Fig. 4 a, b und
Fig. 7
einen Schnitt durch eine Eisenbahnschwelle.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a railroad tie,
Fig. 2
another railway threshold,
Fig. 3 a, b
a section of a reinforcing element, in side view and in section,
Fig. 4 a, b
a use of a tool with reinforcing elements, in perspective and in side view,
Fig. 5
a tool with a view into the interior,
Fig. 6
a sliding element of the insert according to Fig. 4 a . b and
Fig. 7
a section through a railway sleeper.

An Hand der Figuren wird die Erfindung erläutert, mittels der Eisenbahnschwellen hergestellt werden, die aus einem thermoplastischen Material bestehen, die in Längsrichtung der Eisenbahnschwelle verlaufende Bewehrungsstäbe aufweisen, die außenseitig strukturiert sind und formschlüssig von dem thermoplastischen Material umgeben sind.With reference to the figures, the invention is explained, are made by means of the railway sleepers, which consist of a thermoplastic material having extending in the longitudinal direction of the railway sleeper reinforcing bars, which are structured on the outside and are positively surrounded by the thermoplastic material.

Eine entsprechende Eisenbahnschwelle 10 ist der Fig. 1 zu entnehmen. Die Eisenbahnschwelle 10 kann eine Quaderform aufweisen und besteht im eigentlichen Sinne aus einem Grundkörper 12 aus thermoplastischem Material, in dessen Längsrichtung nach dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 vier Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 verlaufen, die vorzugsweise die Stirnflächen der Eisenbahnschwelle 10 durchsetzen oder in diesem enden, ohne dass dies zwingend erforderlich ist.A corresponding railway sleeper 10 is the Fig. 1 refer to. The railway sleeper 10 may have a cuboid shape and consists in the true sense of a base body 12 made of thermoplastic material, in the longitudinal direction according to the embodiment of Fig. 1 four reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 extend, which preferably enforce the end faces of the railway sleeper 10 or end in this, without this being absolutely necessary.

Aus der zeichnerischen Darstellung erkennt man des Weiteren, dass die Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 paarweise symmetrisch zu Ebenen verlaufen, die parallel zu den Längsseitenflächen bzw. Ober- und Unterseite der quaderförmigen Eisenbahnschwelle 10 verlaufen.From the graphic representation one recognizes furthermore that the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 run in pairs symmetrically to planes, which parallel to the Longitudinal side surfaces or top and bottom of the cuboid railway sleeper 10 run.

Ferner können die Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 derart im Randbereich der Eisenbahnschwelle 10 verlaufen, dass eine Fixierung durch die beim Herstellen erstarrende thermoplastische Materialmasse möglich ist; denn im Randbereich wird die Wärme durch das Werkzeug, in dem die Eisenbahnschwelle 10 hergestellt wird, schnell abgeführt.Furthermore, the reinforcing rods 14, 16, 18, 20 extend in such a way in the edge region of the railway sleeper 10 that a fixation by the solidifying in the manufacture thermoplastic material composition is possible; because in the edge region, the heat is quickly dissipated by the tool in which the railroad tie 10 is made.

Die Eisenbahnschwelle 10 besteht aus einem Matrixmaterial aus einem thermoplastischen Material, insbesondere aus mehreren Materialien aus der Gruppe Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyethylenerphtalat, Polycarbonat, Polyamid, Arcylnitril-Butadin-Styrol, Polymethylmicroacrylat, Polysteren.The railway sleeper 10 consists of a matrix material of a thermoplastic material, in particular of several materials from the group polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene ether, polycarbonate, polyamide, acrylonitrile-butadine-styrene, polymethylmicroacrylate, polysterene.

Hierzu werden zunächst entsprechende gebrauchte Materialien vorsortiert, geschreddert und getrocknet, wobei die einzelnen geschredderten Körner eine mittlere Größe zwischen 1,0 mm und 15,0 mm, insbesondere zwischen 1,0 mm und 3,0 mm aufweisen sollten. Im gewünschten Mischungsverhältnis - ggf. unter Beimischung von Talkum und/oder einem Vernetzungsmittel und/oder einem Antioxidationsmittel - werden die Materialien sodann einer thermokinetischen Mischvorrichtung zugeführt, in der DE 601 16 496 T2 beschrieben ist, auf deren Offenbarung ausdrückliche Bezug genommen wird. Ergänzend ist auch nachdrücklich auf die Offenbarung der US 5 895 790 A zu verweisen, die ebenfalls zur Offenbarung der vorliegenden Anmeldung gehört.For this purpose, appropriate used materials are first presorted, shredded and dried, wherein the individual shredded grains should have a mean size between 1.0 mm and 15.0 mm, in particular between 1.0 mm and 3.0 mm. In the desired mixing ratio - optionally with the addition of talc and / or a crosslinking agent and / or an antioxidant - the materials are then fed to a thermokinetic mixing device, in the DE 601 16 496 T2 is described, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference. Complementary is also emphatically on the revelation of US 5,895,790 A which also belongs to the disclosure of the present application.

In der thermokinetischen Mischvorrichtung erfolgt ein Compoundieren der Partikel derart, dass nicht sämtliche Partikel vollständig durchschmelzen, sondern nur in ihren Oberflächen, so dass ein Zusammenhaften, also Agglomerieren erfolgt. Dass nicht sämtliche Partikel durchgeschmolzen sind, ergibt sich aus der Fig. 7, der eine Stirnseite einer Eisenbahnschwelle zu entnehmen ist, wie dieser prinzipiell in der Fig. 1 dargestellt ist. Man erkennt die bevorzugterweise als Hohlstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 ausgebildeten Bewehrungsstäbe, die in dem erstarrten thermoplastischen Material verlaufen. Das thermoplastische Material weist nicht vollständig aufgeschmolzene Partikel auf, von denen einige rein beispielhaft mit den Bezugszeichen 22, 24, 26 gekennzeichnet sind.In the thermokinetic mixing device, the particles are compounded in such a way that not all of the particles melt completely, but only in their surfaces, so that they stick together, ie, agglomerate. That not all particles are melted, results from the Fig. 7 , Which is to remove a front side of a railway sleeper, as this in principle in the Fig. 1 is shown. One recognizes the preferably designed as a hollow rods 14, 16, 18, 20 reinforcing bars which extend in the solidified thermoplastic material. The thermoplastic material has incompletely molten particles, some of which are indicated by the reference numerals 22, 24, 26 purely by way of example.

In der Mischvorrichtung, die einem Compounder gleichkommt, werden die Partikel vorzugsweise auf maximal 150 °C erhitzt. Als Temperaturbereich ist 130 °C bis 160 °C anzugeben.In the mixing device which equals a compounder, the particles are preferably heated to a maximum of 150 ° C. The temperature range is 130 ° C to 160 ° C specify.

Dadurch, dass nicht sämtliche Partikel vollständig aufgeschmolzen sind, wird ein Zerstören langkettiger Polymermoleküle verhindert bzw. reduziert, so dass das Material selbst bereits eine im Vergleich zu ansonsten aus thermoplastischem Material hergestellter Eisenbahnschwelle eine höhere Festigkeit aufweist.By not completely melting all the particles, destroying long-chain polymer molecules is prevented or reduced so that the material itself already has a higher strength compared to a railway sleeper made of otherwise thermoplastic material.

Die gewünschte Biegesteifigkeit bzw. Festigkeit der Eisenbahnschwelle 10 selbst ergibt sich sodann durch die Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20. Ein Abschnitt eines entsprechenden Bewehrungsstabes 28 ist der Fig. 3 a, b zu entnehmen. Man erkennt die Hohlkörpergeometrie und die in der Außenfläche vorhandene Struktur, die durch eine Wellengeometrie gebildet sein kann. Andere Strukturen, die ein formschlüssiges Umschließen von dem Matrixmaterial derart ermöglichen, dass ein Verschieben der Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 in Längsrichtung der Eisenbahnschwelle unterbunden wird, sind gleichfalls möglich.The desired bending stiffness or strength of the railway sleeper 10 itself then results from the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20. A portion of a corresponding reinforcing bar 28 is the Fig. 3 a . b refer to. One recognizes the hollow body geometry and the existing structure in the outer surface, which may be formed by a wave geometry. Other structures that allow a positive containment of the matrix material such that a displacement of the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 is prevented in the longitudinal direction of the railway sleeper, are also possible.

Als Materialien für die Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 kommt insbesondere glasfaserverstärkter Kunststoff in Frage. Ungeachtet dessen sind entsprechende Eisenbahnschwellen 10 problemlos recycelbar, da die Stäbe aus den Eisenbahnschwellen vor dem Recyceln herausgeschnitten werden können.As materials for the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 is in particular glass fiber reinforced plastic in question. Regardless, corresponding railway sleepers 10 are easily recyclable because the rods can be cut out of the railway sleepers prior to recycling.

Zur Herstellung entsprechender Eisenbahnschwellen wird ein Werkzeug 30 benutzt, dessen Innengeometrie der Außengeometrie der herzustellenden Eisenbahnschwelle entspricht, der insbesondere eine Quaderform aufweist. Das Werkzeug 30 weist eine Kastenform mit insbesondere hohlquaderförmiger Geometrie auf.For the production of corresponding railway sleepers, a tool 30 is used whose internal geometry corresponds to the external geometry of the railway sleeper to be produced, which in particular has a cuboid shape. The tool 30 has a box shape with in particular hollow cuboid geometry.

Den Fig. 4 a, b ist ein Einsatz eines entsprechenden Werkzeuges mit hohlstabförmigen oder rohrförmigen Bewehrungsstäben zu entnehmen, wie diese auch in der Fig. 1 dargestellt und mit den Bezugszeichen 14, 16, 18, 20 gekennzeichnet sind. Der Einsatz weist als wesentliches Element ein Schiebeelement 40 auf, das von den Hohlstäben 14, 16, 18, 20 durchsetzt wird. In der Fig. 4 a ist das Schiebeelement auf der linken Seite teilweise geschnitten. Die Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 durchsetzen Öffnungen des Schiebelements 40.The Fig. 4 a . b is an insert a corresponding tool with hollow rod-shaped or tubular reinforcing rods to take, as these also in the Fig. 1 represented and denoted by the reference numerals 14, 16, 18, 20. The insert has as an essential element on a sliding element 40 which is penetrated by the hollow rods 14, 16, 18, 20. In the Fig. 4 a, the sliding element on the left side is partially cut. The reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 pass through openings of the sliding element 40.

Zum eindeutigen Ausrichten der Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 in dem Werkzeug 30 geht von dem zu der Eintrittsöffnung des Werkzeugs 30 gegenüberliegenden rückseitigen Stimbereich eine Halterung 140 aus, die im Ausführungsbeispiel zwei zueinander beabstandete und über ein Zapfenelement 142 verbundene Platten 142, 144 umfasst. Von der werkzeuginnenseitig verlaufenden Seite der Platte 142 gehen Hülsen aus, von denen zwei mit den Bezugszeichen 148, 149 gekennzeichnet sind. Die Hülsen werden von Stab- oder Stiftelementen durchsetzt, von denen einige mit den Bezugszeichen 150, 151 gekennzeichnet sind. Die Stabelemente 150, 151 gehen von der rückseitigen Platte 144 aus und erstrecken sich über die Hülse 148 hinaus über eine Länge von z.B. 20 cm bis 40 cm. Auf die freien Enden 152, 153 der Stabelemente 150, 151 werden sodann die Bewehrungselemente 14, 16, 18, 20 geschoben, so dass eine eindeutige räumliche Ausrichtung der Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 in dem Werkzeug 30 sichergestellt ist.For unambiguous alignment of the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 in the tool 30 goes from the opposite to the inlet opening of the tool 30 back Stim range a bracket 140, which in the embodiment comprises two spaced-apart and connected via a pin member 142 plates 142, 144. From the tool inner side extending side of the plate 142 go out sleeves, two of which are denoted by the reference numerals 148, 149. The sleeves are penetrated by rod or pin elements, some of which are identified by reference numerals 150, 151. The rod members 150, 151 extend from the back plate 144 and extend beyond the sleeve 148 beyond a length of eg 20 cm to 40 cm. On the free ends 152, 153 of the rod elements 150, 151, the reinforcing elements 14, 16, 18, 20 are then pushed, so that a clear spatial orientation of the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 is ensured in the tool 30.

Werkzeugöffnungsseitig können die Hohlstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 von entsprechenden Stiftelementen gleichfalls gehalten werden, die von einer im Randbereich der Öffnung des Werkzeugs 30 verlaufenden Halterung ausgehen.On the tool opening side, the hollow rods 14, 16, 18, 20 can likewise be held by corresponding pin elements which extend from a holder extending in the edge region of the opening of the tool 30.

Das Schiebeelement 40 kann in Richtung der Werkzeuglängsachse eine Länge aufweisen, die in etwa der Länge der jeweiligen Hülse 148, 149 mit Ausnahme deren vorderen konisch verlaufenden Endabschnitts 155 entsprechen kann.The sliding element 40 can have a length in the direction of the tool longitudinal axis which can correspond approximately to the length of the respective sleeve 148, 149, with the exception of its front conical end section 155.

Die stiftförmigen Halterungen (Stabelemente 150, 151) und das Schiebelement 40 dienen dazu, die Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 innerhalb des Werkzeugs 30 in ihrer Lage zu fixieren.The pin-shaped holders (rod elements 150, 151) and the sliding element 40 serve to fix the reinforcing rods 14, 16, 18, 20 within the tool 30 in their position.

Bevorzugterweise sind die Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 als Rohr- bzw. Hohlstäbe ausgebildet. Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, Vollstäbe oder Vollrohre zu verwenden, die in den Bereichen, in die die Stift- oder Stabelemente 150, 151 zum Fixieren eindringen sollen, hohl ausgebildet sind.Preferably, the reinforcing rods 14, 16, 18, 20 are formed as tube or hollow rods. But it is also possible to use solid rods or solid tubes, which are hollow in the areas in which the pin or rod elements 150, 151 are to penetrate for fixing.

Zu Beginn des Befüllens des Werkzeugs mit dem zumindest teilweise aufgeschmolzenen thermoplastischen Material befindet sich das Schiebelement 40 im Bereich der Eintrittsöffnung des Werkzeugs 30.At the beginning of filling of the tool with the at least partially melted thermoplastic material, the sliding element 40 is in the region of the inlet opening of the tool 30.

Wird das Werkzeug 30 nun mit zumindest teilweise aufgeschmolzenem thermoplastischen Material befüllt - dies erfolgt insbesondere durch eine Axialpresse -, so wird das plattenförmige Element 40 in Richtung der Rückseite des Werkzeugs 30 verschoben.If the tool 30 is now filled with at least partially melted thermoplastic material - this is done in particular by an axial press -, then the plate-shaped element 40 is displaced in the direction of the rear side of the tool 30.

Sofern sich die Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 im Bereich des Begrenzungswandung des Werkzeugs 30 befinden, erfolgt in diesem Bereich ein relativ schnelles Abkühlen des zumindest teilweise aufgeschmolzenen thermoplastischen Materials und somit ein Erstarren, wodurch eine Lagefixierung der Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 in dem Bereich erfolgt, der zwischen Einfüllöffnung des Werkzeuges und dem quaderförmigen Schiebeelement 40 verläuft, das noch einmal in Fig. 6 dargestellt ist. Man erkennt die Durchgangsöffnungen, die eingangs- und ausgangsseitig konisch erweitert sind und die von den Bewehrungselementen 14, 16, 18, 20 durchsetzt werden.If the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 are in the region of the boundary wall of the tool 30, a relatively rapid cooling of the at least partially melted thermoplastic material takes place in this area and thus solidification, whereby a positional fixation of the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 takes place in the area which extends between the filling opening of the tool and the cuboid sliding element 40, which again in Fig. 6 is shown. One recognizes the passage openings, which are conically widened on the input and output side and which are penetrated by the reinforcement elements 14, 16, 18, 20.

Ein seitliches Verbiegen der Bewehrungselemente 14, 16, 18, 20 wird insbesondere dadurch vermieden, dass innerhalb deren Enden jeweils stiftförmige Elemente verlaufen, wie dies in Zusammenhang mit den im rückseitigen Bereich des Werkzeugs 30 verlaufenden Stiftelementen 150, 151 erläutert worden ist.A lateral bending of the reinforcing elements 14, 16, 18, 20 is avoided, in particular, in that pin-shaped elements extend within their ends, as has been explained in connection with the pin elements 150, 151 running in the rear region of the tool 30.

Ist das Werkzeug 30 mit dem thermoplastischen Material gefüllt, so wird das Werkzeug stirnseitig verschlossen, so dass sich ein Druck aufbauen kann bzw. der Druck gehalten wird.If the tool 30 is filled with the thermoplastic material, then the tool is closed on the front side so that a pressure can build up or the pressure is maintained.

Auf Grund der Außenstruktur der Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 erfolgt ein formschlüssiges Umschließen der Bewehrungsstäbe 14, 16, 18, 20 durch das erstarrte thermoplastische Material, so dass ungeachtet der unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten - die Differenz beträgt zumindest 10-1 x K-1 - eine Längsverschiebung zueinander unterbleibt, wodurch wiederum die gewünschte Biegesteifigkeit und Festigkeit der Eisenbahnschwelle gewährleistet ist.Due to the external structure of the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20, the reinforcing bars 14, 16, 18, 20 are positively locked by the solidified thermoplastic material, so that regardless of the different coefficients of expansion, the difference is at least 10 -1 × K -1 - A longitudinal displacement to each other is omitted, which in turn ensures the desired bending stiffness and strength of the railway sleeper.

Die Querschnittsflächen der Bewehrungselemente 14, 16, 18, 20 sollten zwischen 2 % und 15 % der Gesamtquerschnittsfläche der Eisenbahnschwelle 10 betragen. Bevorzugterweise sollte der Wert zwischen 2,5 % und 10 % liegen.The cross-sectional areas of the reinforcing elements 14, 16, 18, 20 should be between 2% and 15% of the total cross-sectional area of the railway sleeper 10. Preferably, the value should be between 2.5% and 10%.

Eine weitere Eisenbahnschwelle 100 ist in Fig. 2 dargestellt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind innerhalb der Eisenbahnschwelle 100 insgesamt vier Bewehrungsstäbe 114, 116, 118, 120 vorgesehen, die derart verlaufen, dass ein Eindrehen von Schrauben nicht behindert wird, um Schienenbefestigungs- bzw. -rippenplatten 130, 132 auf der Oberseite der Schwelle 100 befestigen zu können.Another railroad threshold 100 is in Fig. 2 shown. In the exemplary embodiment, a total of four reinforcement bars 114, 116, 118, 120 are provided within the railway sleeper 100, which run in such a way that screwing in of screws is not hindered in order to fasten rail fastening or ribbed plates 130, 132 on the upper side of the threshold 100 can.

Die Bewehrungsstäbe 114, 116, 118, 120, können paarweise symmetrisch zu einer Symmetrieebene angeordnet sein, die parallel zur Ober- bzw. Unterseite der Schwelle 100 oder zu den Längsseiten verläuft.The reinforcing bars 114, 116, 118, 120 may be arranged in pairs symmetrically to a plane of symmetry which is parallel to the top or bottom of the threshold 100 or to the longitudinal sides.

Vor dem Entformen der Eisenbahnschwelle 10, 100 werden diese zwangsgekühlt, um sodann aus dem Werkzeug 30 herausgestoßen zu werden. Dabei erfolgt ein problemloses Abziehen der stiftförmigen Abschnitte 152, 153.Before the demoulding of the railway sleeper 10, 100 they are forcibly cooled to then be expelled from the tool 30. In this case, a problem-free removal of the pin-shaped sections 152, 153 takes place.

Vorteil der Verwendung der aus Kunststoff bestehenden Bewehrungselemente 14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120 ist auch, dass ein problemloses Ablängen der Eisenbahnschwelle 10, 100 erfolgen kann, insbesondere auch am Ort der Nutzung.Advantage of using the existing plastic reinforcement elements 14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120 is also that a problem-free cutting of the railway sleeper 10, 100 can be done, especially at the place of use.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der stabförmigen Bewehrungselemente im Vergleich zu dem Doppel-T-Träger als Bewehrungselement nach der US 5 609 295 A1 unter anderem Kostenvorteil erzielt werden; denn die Bewehrungselemente sind im Vergleich zum Matrixmaterial teuer.Another advantage of the rod-shaped reinforcing elements compared to the double-T beam as a reinforcing element after the US Pat. No. 5,609,295 A1 among other things, cost advantage can be achieved; because the reinforcing elements are expensive compared to the matrix material.

Aufgrund der geringen Querschnittsfläche der Bewehrungselemente und deren Abstand zueinander nimmt das kostengünstige Matrixmaterial Schubkräfte auf. Diese werden nach dem Stand der Technik unter Verwendung eines Doppel-T-Trägers durch den Steg aufgenommen.Due to the small cross-sectional area of the reinforcing elements and their distance from one another, the cost-effective matrix material absorbs shear forces. These are incorporated in the prior art using a double T-beam through the web.

Claims (14)

  1. Railway sleeper (10, 100), comprising a base body (12) consisting of or containing thermoplastic material, which base body has reinforcement (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) that extends in the longitudinal direction thereof and has a structure that is enclosed in a form-fitting manner by the thermoplastic material, characterised in that the reinforcing element (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) is rod-shaped and is a solid or hollow rod or a tube element consisting of plastics material and has a toothed structure on the outside, such as a wave structure.
  2. Railway sleeper according to claim 1, characterised in that the reinforcing element (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) consists of a material of which the coefficient of longitudinal expansion deviates from that of the thermoplastic material by at least 10-1 x K-1, and in that the rod-shaped reinforcing element (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) preferably consists of glass-fibre-reinforced plastics (GRP).
  3. Railway sleeper according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the railway sleeper (10, 100) consists of at least partially exclusively superficially fused particles (22, 24, 26), preferably the thermoplastic material consisting of a mixture of polymers, in particular polyolefins, in particular one or more materials from the group polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyamide, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polymethyl micro-acrylate and polystyrene.
  4. Railway sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the railway sleeper (10, 100) comprises at least four rod-shaped reinforcing elements (14, 16, 18, 20) in the longitudinal direction thereof, the rod-shaped reinforcing elements extending in pairs symmetrically to a plane of symmetry.
  5. Railway sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cross-sectional area of the reinforcing elements (14, 16, 18, 20) is 2% to 15%, preferably 2,5% to 10%, of the cross-sectional area of the railway sleeper (10, 100).
  6. Method for producing a railway sleeper (10, 100), which consists of or contains thermoplastic material and in the longitudinal direction of which at least one reinforcement (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) extends, comprising at least the method steps of
    - at least partially fusing particles consisting of thermoplastic material in a mixing device,
    - pressing the at least partially fused thermoplastic material into a tool (30) that specifies the outer geometry of the railway sleeper (10, 100), in the longitudinal direction of which tool at least one rod-shaped reinforcing element (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) extends as the reinforcement, wherein the thermoplastic material is pressed against a sliding element (40) that can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the tool, is adapted to the internal cross section of the tool, and is penetrated by the at least one reinforcing element, as defined in claim 1.
  7. Method according to claim 6, characterised in that shredded recycled thermoplastic material and optionally talcum are added to the mixing device, a mixture of polymers, in particular polyolefins, in particular one or more materials from the group polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyamide, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polymethyl micro-acrylate and polystyrene, preferably being used as the thermoplastic material, in particular the average size of the particles being between 1,0 cm and 3,0 cm, in particular a mixture of particles consisting of pre-sorted recycled and in particular shredded plastics materials being used as the thermoplastic material.
  8. Method according to either claim 6 or claim 7, characterised in that after the tool is filled with the thermoplastic material, it is sealed on the inlet side and then preferably force-cooled.
  9. Method according to at least one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the particles in the mixing device are heated to a maximum temperature T with 130°C ≤ T ≤ 160°C, in particular T ≈ 150°C.
  10. Method according to at least one of claims 6 to 9, characterised in that in order to fix the position of the at least one rod-shaped reinforcing element (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) in the tool (30), the reinforcing element is received by a mount (140) extending from the end face opposing the inlet opening of the tool and penetrates the planar sliding element (40).
  11. Method according to at least one of claims 6 to 10, characterised in that the reinforcing element (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) is fixed on the inside of the tool by means of the mount (140), in particular by a pin element (150, 151) extending within the reinforcing element.
  12. Method according to at least one of claims 6 to 11, characterised in that compounded shredded plastics material is pressed into the tool (30) by means of an axial press.
  13. Tool (30) for producing a railway sleeper (10, 100) consisting of thermoplastic material, comprising a hollow cube-shaped housing having a sliding element (40) that can be moved in the longitudinal direction thereof and that is penetrated by rod-shaped reinforcing elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120), as defined in claim 1, extending within the tool, a mount having pin-like elements (150, 151) extending from the rear end face region of the tool, which elements are received by the reinforcing elements in portions.
  14. Tool according to claim 13, characterised in that the pin-like elements (150, 151) penetrate sleeve-like elements (148, 149) and project beyond said sleeve-like elements, the length of the sleeve-like elements corresponding to the extension of the sliding element (40) in the longitudinal direction of the housing, and/or in that pin-like elements extend from the end face region of the tool (30) on the opening side, which elements extend within the hollow rod-shaped reinforcing elements (14, 16, 18, 20, 114, 116, 118, 120) at least in portions.
EP17178292.3A 2016-06-29 2017-06-28 Railway sleeper and method for manufacturing the same Active EP3263767B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016111922.9A DE102016111922B4 (en) 2016-06-29 2016-06-29 Process for the production of a shaped body and a tool therefor

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EP3263767A1 EP3263767A1 (en) 2018-01-03
EP3263767B1 true EP3263767B1 (en) 2018-12-05

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RU206056U1 (en) * 2021-05-18 2021-08-18 Ханлар Шахлар оглы Бабаханов SLEEPER

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BR102020007268A2 (en) 2020-04-13 2021-10-26 Sileto Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ltda Polymeric composite, use of said composite in preparing articles, process of preparing said composite and articles comprising said composite

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US3289940A (en) * 1965-09-10 1966-12-06 Poor & Co Synthetic railway tie
US5609295A (en) 1995-01-05 1997-03-11 Green Track Inc. Composite railway tie and method of manufacture thereof
US5895790A (en) 1995-03-14 1999-04-20 Good; Elmer Thermosetting wide range polymer blends
US6179215B1 (en) 1996-07-29 2001-01-30 Primix International, Llc Composite railroad crosstie
DE69938308T2 (en) 1999-04-14 2009-03-19 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Composite and synthetic sill using this composite
US6709146B1 (en) 2000-07-28 2004-03-23 David Little Thermokinetic mixer and method of using
US20080179418A1 (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-07-31 Chris Brough Composite load bearing structure
DE102011117760A1 (en) 2011-11-07 2013-05-08 Hans-Joachim Brauer Thermoplastic material containing recycled polyolefin and glass fibers

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RU206056U1 (en) * 2021-05-18 2021-08-18 Ханлар Шахлар оглы Бабаханов SLEEPER

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EP3263767A1 (en) 2018-01-03
DE102016111922A1 (en) 2018-01-04

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