EP3261869A1 - Hybrid drive-train - Google Patents

Hybrid drive-train

Info

Publication number
EP3261869A1
EP3261869A1 EP16708355.9A EP16708355A EP3261869A1 EP 3261869 A1 EP3261869 A1 EP 3261869A1 EP 16708355 A EP16708355 A EP 16708355A EP 3261869 A1 EP3261869 A1 EP 3261869A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
electric machine
drive train
speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP16708355.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thorsten MARINGER
Marco Brun
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutz AG
Original Assignee
Deutz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutz AG filed Critical Deutz AG
Publication of EP3261869A1 publication Critical patent/EP3261869A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/101—Infinitely variable gearings
    • B60W10/103—Infinitely variable gearings of fluid type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
    • B60W30/1882—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power characterised by the working point of the engine, e.g. by using engine output chart
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
    • B60W30/1886—Controlling power supply to auxiliary devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
    • B60W30/1886—Controlling power supply to auxiliary devices
    • B60W30/1888—Control of power take off [PTO]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K25/06—Auxiliary drives from the transmission power take-off
    • B60K2025/065—Auxiliary drives from the transmission power take-off the transmission being fluidic, e.g. hydraulic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/46—Drive Train control parameters related to wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60W2300/17—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0638—Engine speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2510/081—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0644—Engine speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2710/081—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
    • B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/20—Energy converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/08—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with only one servomotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0401—Valve members; Fluid interconnections therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/38—Control of exclusively fluid gearing
    • F16H61/40—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hybrid drive train of a vehicle, in particular a mobile work machine with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine.
  • a hybrid powertrain is known from ATZ 7-8 / 2002, pages 664-674.
  • the electric machine is connected to the internal combustion engine and a hydraulic pump.
  • Construction machines are usually operated in their work phases with high constant rated speeds of the internal combustion engine in order to provide the maximum system performance at high dynamic load peaks at any time.
  • a P-grade is usually set in the engine control unit, which raises the working speed further, as soon as the maximum utilization of the internal combustion engine is not reached. If the load is higher than the maximum load of the internal combustion engine, so that the internal combustion engine is pressed or even threatens to be strangled, usually engages a load limit control, which reduces the load of the internal combustion engine at the expense of the work to be done the construction machine to the extent Induces that the rated speed can be kept stationary.
  • the object is to develop a method of increasing the torque of the entire drive train during acceleration phases of the internal combustion engine from a lower rotational speed to a higher rotational speed, with which the nominal rotational speed of construction machinery can be dynamically controlled during the working phases, without sacrificing dynamic load peaks to suffer.
  • the system must be able to accelerate dynamically from lower to higher rated speeds even with very dynamic load requirements.
  • the rated speed of construction machinery can be maintained over a wide range at the lowest possible and efficient speed in terms of fuel consumption.
  • the invention is also based on the object to improve a hybrid powertrain of a vehicle.
  • the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 or by a device according to claim 3.
  • the illustrated embodiment employs the electric machine as an integrated starter and generator, a torque assistance of the internal combustion engine takes place in such a way that a high torque is available for a short time ( ⁇ 1 sec.).
  • the conventional drive train of a mobile work machine consisting of an internal combustion engine and hydraulic drive units, is extended by a parallel-arranged electric machine, which spatially replaces the flywheel.
  • the electric machine is powered by a power electronics from an electrical energy storage and can be operated in all four quadrants.
  • the diesel-electric hybrid is operated speed-controlled in the given arrangement. That is, the driver's request is interpreted as a target speed. This mode of operation has established itself above all in the field of mobile machines.
  • the diesel-electric hybrid should adjust the desired speed of the device operator, even when the load is variable, by adjusting the torque generated by the diesel-electric hybrid accordingly.
  • the load is generated by the working hydraulics, the drive load and other outputs.
  • the start of the internal combustion engine (VKM) is compared to the conventional drive not a separate starter motor, but directly on the electric machine. Unlike in the known powertrain, the internal combustion engine can be started within a very short period, which is approximately in the region of or below 200 milliseconds. In this way, the internal combustion engine can be operated in automatic start / stop mode.
  • the start / stop operation causes the internal combustion engine to operate only when it is actually needed. If the internal combustion engine is at low idle for a certain period of time, it will be shut down by the system if desired.
  • Operator components may be the accelerator pedal, the steering device, the actuation unit of the working hydraulics or the joystick.
  • the electric machine is operated by a motor to increase the torque of the entire drive.
  • the required torque which is necessary to maintain the desired speed of the device operator, is calculated by a control algorithm and implemented by the power electronics.
  • the system takes into account all relevant states in the system such as state of charge of the energy storage, temperatures of individual components, etc.
  • the rated speed is the desired speed of the internal combustion engine at full load.
  • the working speed is the currently set speed with consideration of the P degree.
  • the work phases are phases in which the construction machine is used, that is, the internal combustion engine is loaded. In phases in which you do not work with the construction machine, the rated speed is usually placed in the low idle.
  • This function of dynamic speed reduction allows the use of a reduced-speed internal combustion engine.
  • the power remains the same, which is required by the operator.
  • the speed is lowered, but increases in accordance with the torque of the internal combustion engine.
  • Short-term peak performance can be covered by the support of the motor-driven electric machine, so that the internal combustion engine no longer has to be designed for the required / desired peak power.
  • top performances which are required in any case even at high nominal speeds (eg 2000 rpm), must continue to be provided by the internal combustion engine as far as possible.
  • additional power peaks are added, which arise during the acceleration phases.
  • a motor power can be used to increase the dynamics the electric machine are applied until this limitation is no longer necessary by sufficient boost pressure.
  • the charging of the electrical energy storage takes place by the generation of a generator torque of the electric machine during operation.
  • the generated torque is dependent on the state of charge of the energy storage, the utilization of the internal combustion engine and various system conditions.
  • the torque can be switched as a manipulated variable of a controller or controlled.
  • Recuperation generally refers to the recovery of mechanical braking energy into electrical energy.
  • the braking energy is achieved by applying a braking torque to the electric machine.
  • the high engine speeds are avoided, on the other hand, the braking energy is fed via the electric machine and the power electronics in the electrical energy storage.
  • hybrid powertrains of mobile machines consisting of the components of the invention internal combustion engine (diesel engine), electric machine with inverter, electric energy storage and hydraulic drive and drive, is used to reduce CO 2 - emissions and fuel consumption, inter alia, the function of load point shift.
  • the optimal target Speed determined and transferred as a setpoint to the downstream speed controller.
  • the optimum setpoint speed is determined on the basis of the information from the HMI interfaces (Human Machine Interface).
  • HMI interfaces Human Machine Interface
  • the state of charge of the energy storage z. B. does not matter.
  • the speed controller of the internal combustion engine is still in the engine control unit.
  • the speed specification ie the setpoint speed, is determined in the hybrid control unit.
  • the internal combustion engine is speed-controlled.
  • the electric machine is torque-controlled.
  • the target torque is calculated from the speed difference (see position ⁇ in FIG. 5).
  • a high power reserve is maintained in order to respond adequately to the load changes due to the very dynamic load changes of the driving or working drive during operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • this power reserve is necessary to reduce the duration of the boost pressure build-up.
  • the hybrid powertrain it is possible to save this power reserve Significantly reduce internal combustion engine.
  • a motor power of the electric machine is applied until the internal combustion engine is at an operating point in which it can independently apply the requested power. This strategy is particularly favored by the rapid adjustment of the moment of the electric machine.
  • FIG. 3 shows in a characteristic diagram the function "load point shift"
  • FIG. 4 shows a system topology of a mildly hybrid system of a construction machine, by way of example with an electric electric machine and energy storage
  • Figure 5 schematic diagram for determining the target speed of the internal combustion engine with dynamic
  • An internal combustion engine 1 which is in particular a self-igniting internal combustion engine (diesel engine), is directly coupled to an electric machine 2, which is connected to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine 1 instead of a flywheel.
  • the stator of this electric machine 2 is connected to the crankcase and the rotor is connected to the crankshaft.
  • the rotor is further connected to a gear pump 3 and further to an axial piston pump 4.
  • the output of the gear pump 3 is connected via proportional valves 5 (for example) with a working cylinder 6, a lifting cylinder 7 and a steering cylinder 8.
  • Gear pump 3 and axial piston pump 4 are hydraulic working machines.
  • the electric machine 2 is connected via a Vierquadrantenumrichter 12 with an electrical energy storage 13. Furthermore, a hybrid control unit 21 is provided with which all individual control devices of the components, in particular of the drive train and of the storage line, can be coordinated.
  • P1 - P2 corresponds to the dynamic speed reduction when the load (power) remains stationary.
  • P2 - P3 corresponds to the course with dynamic speed reduction and support of the electric machine (2).
  • P2 - P4 corresponds to the course with dynamic speed reduction, but without support of the electric machine (2).
  • FIG. 4 shows, in combination with FIG. 5, how the nominal rotational speed of the internal combustion engine of a construction machine can be accelerated highly dynamically during a working phase despite dynamic load peaks.
  • the internal combustion engine is extended to a mild hybrid system.
  • the extension consists of an energy storage device 13 and an electric machine 2, which can be connected both directly to the crankshaft and to a PTO (power take-off).
  • the electric machine 2 with the associated energy storage 13 can be designed both electrically and hydraulically.
  • the electric machine 2 operates in the delivery or absorption of energy in comparison to the internal combustion engine 1 highly dynamically.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 operates during its work phases with the lowest possible speed.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 is supported during the acceleration process to the higher target speed of the electric machine 2 in parallel high dynamic, z.
  • the energy storage device 13 is recharged by means of the electric machine 2, for example, by the generator operation of the electric machine 2.
  • the load requirement must be be detected as early as possible in order to support the Verbrennungskraftma- machine 1 very quickly with the help of the electric machine 2 in the acceleration phase can. This is done fastest by evaluating the signals of the HMI interfaces 20, such. B. the joysticks 20, operated by the operator.
  • the electric machine 2 of mildly hybrid drive supports the internal combustion engine 1 highly dynamically during the acceleration phases the desired higher rated speed.
  • the electric machine 2 is connected directly to the crankshaft or to a PTO.
  • the electric machine 2 with its energy storage 13 can be designed both electrically and hydraulically.
  • batteries and / or capacitors and / or hydraulic accumulator come into consideration.
  • the method and the device are suitable in principle for all construction machines that are currently operating at high rated speeds during the work phases due to the provision of power reserves in dynamic load requirements see.
  • a special application takes place, for example, in an industrial excavator.
  • the HMI signal is received via the CAN bus from the hybrid control unit, the transmission rate is in the range of about 10 m sec or less.
  • the HMI signal represents z. B. is the deflection of a joystick 20 from left to right and is transmitted via CAN as a signal with a range of - 100% to + 100%.
  • all HMI signals are read by the hybrid control unit, which lead to an increase in the load on the internal combustion engine.
  • All HMI signals are evaluated in the hybrid control unit 21 and calculated therefrom a desired speed for the internal combustion engine 1. The evaluation takes place via maps and a weighting factor for each HMI signal.
  • Rapid change of an HMI signal also results in a rapid change of the setpoint speed R in FIG. 5.
  • the rapid change of the HMI signal always means a rapid load increase for the internal combustion engine 1, which counteracts a rapid adaptation of the actual speed to the target speed.
  • the speed difference is used to calculate the desired torque of the electric machine 2 - ⁇ in FIG. 5.
  • HMI Human Machine Interface

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Abstract

The invention relates to a parallel hybrid drive train, in particular for a working machine, comprising an internal combustion engine (1), an electrical machine (2) and hydraulic aggregates (3, 4, 5, 9) for driving working devices (6-8) and for moving the working machine. In order to increase the efficiency, the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine is lowered, that is to say the load point is moved. Increased power requirements are detected via a driver input and provide a desired rotational speed. The electrical machine assists the acceleration of the internal combustion engine to said desired rotational speed.

Description

Hybridantriebsstrang  Hybrid powertrain
B E S C H R E I B U N G DESCRIPTION
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hybridantriebsstrang eines Fahrzeugs, insbesondere einer mobilen Arbeitsmaschine mit einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine und einer Elektromaschine. Ein derartiger Hybridantriebsstrang ist aus der ATZ 7-8/2002, Seiten 664 - 674 bekannt. Dabei ist die Elektromaschine mit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine und einer Hydraulikpumpe verschaltet. The invention relates to a hybrid drive train of a vehicle, in particular a mobile work machine with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine. Such a hybrid powertrain is known from ATZ 7-8 / 2002, pages 664-674. In this case, the electric machine is connected to the internal combustion engine and a hydraulic pump.
Baumaschinen werden üblicherweise in ihren Arbeitsphasen mit hohen konstanten Nenndrehzahlen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine betrieben, um jederzeit bei hochdynamischen Belastungsspitzen die maximale Systemleistung zur Verfügung stellen zu können. Darüber hinaus wird meist im Motorsteuergerät ein P-Grad eingestellt, der die Arbeitsdrehzahl weiter anhebt, sobald die maximale Auslastung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine nicht erreicht ist. Ist die Belastung höher als die maximale Auslastung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine, so dass die Verbrennungskraftmaschine gedrückt wird oder gar droht abgewürgt zu werden, greift in der Regel eine Grenzlastregelung ein, die die Belastung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine auf Kosten der zu verrichtenden Arbeit der Baumaschine auf das Maß re- duziert, dass die Nenndrehzahl stationär gehalten werden kann. Construction machines are usually operated in their work phases with high constant rated speeds of the internal combustion engine in order to provide the maximum system performance at high dynamic load peaks at any time. In addition, a P-grade is usually set in the engine control unit, which raises the working speed further, as soon as the maximum utilization of the internal combustion engine is not reached. If the load is higher than the maximum load of the internal combustion engine, so that the internal combustion engine is pressed or even threatens to be strangled, usually engages a load limit control, which reduces the load of the internal combustion engine at the expense of the work to be done the construction machine to the extent Induces that the rated speed can be kept stationary.
Es wird also über die gesamte Arbeitsphase eine hohe Nenndrehzahl eingestellt, die aber nur bei Belastungsspitzen wirklich erforderlich ist. In den übrigen Bereichen würde eine geringere Nenndrehzahl der Verbrennungs- kraftmaschine ausreichen, um die gerade geforderte Leistung zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die Verringerung der Nenndrehzahl hat signifikanten Ein- fluss auf die Verringerung des Kraftstoffverbrauchs der Verbrennungskraft- So it is set over the entire working phase, a high rated speed, which is really required only at peak loads. In the other areas, a lower rated speed of the internal combustion engine would be sufficient to provide the power just required. The reduction of the rated speed has a significant influence on the reduction of the fuel consumption of the combustion engine.
BESTÄTIGUNGSKOPIE maschine und somit der Reduktion der Kohlendioxid-Emissionen (Verminderung des Treibhauseffekts, geringere Umweltbelastung). CONFIRMATION COPY machine and thus the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions (reduction of the greenhouse effect, lower environmental impact).
Würde man die Nenndrehzahl stets so tief wie gerade nötig halten und nur bei entsprechenden Belastungsphasen, die sehr dynamisch angefordert werden können, um das nötige Maß anheben, würde es die Verbrennungskraftmaschine oftmals nicht alleine schaffen, die Nenndrehzahl so dynamisch zu erhöhen, dass die geforderte Leistung im gleichen Maße zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann, wie es bei einer dauerhaften hohen Nenn- drehzahl der Fall wäre. If you were to keep the rated speed always as low as just needed and only at appropriate load phases that can be requested very dynamic, to raise the necessary level, it would often not be enough for the internal combustion engine to increase the rated speed so dynamically that the required performance can be made available to the same extent as would be the case with a permanently high nominal speed.
Während die Verbrennungskraftmaschine also in dem Fall versucht, auf die neüe höhere Nenndrehzahl zu beschleunigen, wirkt die aktuell anstehende Last an der Verbrennungskraftmaschine der Beschleunigung entgegen und kann sogar durchaus dazu führen, das die Drehzahl abfällt statt steigt, weil die Verbrennungskraftmaschine nicht schnell genug das notwendige Drehmoment aufbauen kann. Thus, while the internal combustion engine is trying to accelerate to the new higher rated speed in the case, the currently present load on the internal combustion engine counteracts the acceleration and may even cause the speed to drop rather than increase because the internal combustion engine is not fast enough to provide the necessary Can build up torque.
Aufgabe ist es, ein Verfahren zu entwickeln, das Drehmoment des gesam- ten Antriebsstranges während Beschleunigungsphasen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine von einer niedrigeren Drehzahl auf eine höhere Drehzahl zu erhöhen, mit dem die Nenndrehzahl bei Baumaschinen während den Arbeitsphasen dynamisch geregelt werden kann, ohne Einbußen bei dynamischen Belastungsspitzen zu erleiden. Dazu muss das System auch bei sehr dynamischen Lastanforderungen in der Lage sein, von niedrigeren auf höhere Nenndrehzahlen hochdynamisch beschleunigen zu können. Somit kann die Nenndrehzahl bei Baumaschinen über weite Bereiche auf einer möglichst niedrigen und effizienten Drehzahl bezüglich des Kraftstoffverbrauchs gehalten werden. The object is to develop a method of increasing the torque of the entire drive train during acceleration phases of the internal combustion engine from a lower rotational speed to a higher rotational speed, with which the nominal rotational speed of construction machinery can be dynamically controlled during the working phases, without sacrificing dynamic load peaks to suffer. For this, the system must be able to accelerate dynamically from lower to higher rated speeds even with very dynamic load requirements. Thus, the rated speed of construction machinery can be maintained over a wide range at the lowest possible and efficient speed in terms of fuel consumption.
Der Erfindung liegt auch die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Hybridantriebsstrang eines Fahrzeugs zu verbessern. Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 bzw. durch eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 3. The invention is also based on the object to improve a hybrid powertrain of a vehicle. The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 or by a device according to claim 3.
Dies wird u. a. dadurch erreicht, dass der Antriebsstrang eine hydraulische Arbeitsmaschine aufweist. This will u. a. achieved in that the drive train has a hydraulic machine.
Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung werden folgende Vorteile erzielt: According to the present invention, the following advantages are achieved:
- Kraftstoffersparnis durch Vergrößerung der mittleren Auslastung der Ver- brennungskraftmaschine, größeres Drehmoment bei kleinerer Drehzahl- Fuel savings by increasing the average load of the internal combustion engine, greater torque at a lower speed
- Verbesserung der dynamischen Eigenschaften des Antriebs. - Improvement of the dynamic properties of the drive.
Die dargestellten Ausgestaltung setzt die Elektromaschine als integrierten Starter und Generator ein, eine Drehmomentunterstützung der Verbren- nungskraftmaschine erfolgt in der Weise, dass ein hohes Drehmoment für kurze Zeit (< 1 sec.) zur Verfügung steht. The illustrated embodiment employs the electric machine as an integrated starter and generator, a torque assistance of the internal combustion engine takes place in such a way that a high torque is available for a short time (<1 sec.).
Anordnung der Komponenten Arrangement of the components
Der konventionelle Antriebsstrang einer mobilen Arbeitsmaschine, beste- hend aus einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine und hydraulischen Antriebseinheiten, wird um eine parallel angeordnete Elektromaschine erweitert, die räumlich an die Stelle des Schwungrades tritt. Die Elektromaschine wird über eine Leistungselektronik aus einem elektrischen Energiespeicher gespeist und kann in allen vier Quadranten betrieben werden.  The conventional drive train of a mobile work machine, consisting of an internal combustion engine and hydraulic drive units, is extended by a parallel-arranged electric machine, which spatially replaces the flywheel. The electric machine is powered by a power electronics from an electrical energy storage and can be operated in all four quadrants.
Der Diesel-Elektro-Hybrid wird in der gegebenen Anordnung drehzahlgeregelt betrieben. Das heißt, der Fahrerwunsch wird als Soll-Drehzahl interpretiert. Diese Betriebsart hat sich vor allem im Bereich der mobilen Arbeitsmaschinen etabliert. Dabei soll der Diesel-Elektro-Hybrid auch bei wechselnder Belastung möglichst die vom Gerätebediener gewünschte Drehzahl einregeln, indem das vom Diesel-Elektro-Hybrid erzeugte Moment entsprechend angepasst wird. Die Belastung wird durch die Arbeitshydraulik, die Antriebsbelastung und andere Abtriebe erzeugt. Der Start der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (VKM) erfolgt gegenüber dem konventionellen Antrieb nicht über einen separaten Anlassermotor, sondern direkt über die Elektromaschine. Anders als im bekannten Antriebsstrang kann die Verbrennungskraftmaschine innerhalb eines sehr kurzen Zeit- raums, der in etwa in einem Bereich um oder unter 200 Millisekunden beträgt, gestartet werden. Auf diese Weise kann die Verbrennungskraftmaschine im automatischen Start/Stopp-Betrieb betrieben werden. The diesel-electric hybrid is operated speed-controlled in the given arrangement. That is, the driver's request is interpreted as a target speed. This mode of operation has established itself above all in the field of mobile machines. The diesel-electric hybrid should adjust the desired speed of the device operator, even when the load is variable, by adjusting the torque generated by the diesel-electric hybrid accordingly. The load is generated by the working hydraulics, the drive load and other outputs. The start of the internal combustion engine (VKM) is compared to the conventional drive not a separate starter motor, but directly on the electric machine. Unlike in the known powertrain, the internal combustion engine can be started within a very short period, which is approximately in the region of or below 200 milliseconds. In this way, the internal combustion engine can be operated in automatic start / stop mode.
Der Start/Stopp-Betrieb bewirkt, dass die Verbrennungskraftmaschine nur dann betrieben wird, wenn sie tatsächlich benötigt wird. Befindet sich die Verbrennungskraftmaschine für einen bestimmten Zeitraum im niedrigen Leerlauf, wird sie auf Wunsch vom System abgestellt. The start / stop operation causes the internal combustion engine to operate only when it is actually needed. If the internal combustion engine is at low idle for a certain period of time, it will be shut down by the system if desired.
Sobald der Gerätebediener eine Bedienungskomponente betätigt, wird die Verbrennungskraftmaschine sofort wieder gestartet, so dass der Bediener nahezu keine Verzögerung wahrnimmt. Bedienkomponenten können sein, das Fahrpedal, die Lenkeinrichtung, die Ansteuereinheit der Arbeitshydraulik oder der Joystick. Durch Vermeidung von unnötigen Leerlaufzeiten führt diese Funktion zur Kraftstoffeinsparung. As soon as the device operator actuates an operating component, the internal combustion engine is immediately restarted, so that the operator perceives almost no delay. Operator components may be the accelerator pedal, the steering device, the actuation unit of the working hydraulics or the joystick. By avoiding unnecessary idle time, this feature saves fuel.
In geeigneten Betriebspunkten wird die Elektromaschine motorisch betrieben, um das Drehmoment des gesamten Antriebs zu erhöhen. At suitable operating points, the electric machine is operated by a motor to increase the torque of the entire drive.
Das benötigte Drehmoment, welches zur Aufrechterhaltung der vom Gerätebediener gewünschten Drehzahl notwendig ist, wird durch einen Regelalgorithmus berechnet und von der Leistungselektronik umgesetzt. Das System berücksichtigt dabei alle im System relevanten Zustände wie zum Beispiel Ladezustand des Energiespeichers, Temperaturen einzelner Komponenten etc. The required torque, which is necessary to maintain the desired speed of the device operator, is calculated by a control algorithm and implemented by the power electronics. The system takes into account all relevant states in the system such as state of charge of the energy storage, temperatures of individual components, etc.
Die Nenndrehzahl ist die gewünschte Drehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine bei Volllast. Die Arbeitsdrehzahl ist die aktuell eingestellte Drehzahl mit Berücksichtigung des P-Grades. Die Arbeitsphasen sind Phasen, in der mit der Baumaschine gearbeitet wird, also die Verbrennungskraftmaschine belastet wird. In Phasen, in denen nicht mit der Baumaschine gearbeitet wird, wird die Nenndrehzahl meist in den niedrigen Leerlauf gestellt. The rated speed is the desired speed of the internal combustion engine at full load. The working speed is the currently set speed with consideration of the P degree. The work phases are phases in which the construction machine is used, that is, the internal combustion engine is loaded. In phases in which you do not work with the construction machine, the rated speed is usually placed in the low idle.
Diese Funktion der dynamischen Drehzahlabsenkung ermöglicht den Einsatz einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit verringerter Drehzahl. Die Leis- tung bleibt gleich, die wird vom Bediener gefordert. Die Drehzahl wird gesenkt, dafür steigt entsprechend des Drehmoment der Verbrennungskraftmaschine. This function of dynamic speed reduction allows the use of a reduced-speed internal combustion engine. The power remains the same, which is required by the operator. The speed is lowered, but increases in accordance with the torque of the internal combustion engine.
Leistung = Drehmoment x Drehzahl.  Power = torque x speed.
Kurzfristig auftretende Spitzenleistungen können durch die Unterstützung der motorisch betriebenen Elektromaschine abgedeckt werden, so dass die Verbrennungskraftmaschine nicht mehr auf die benötigte/gewünschte Spitzenleistung ausgelegt werden muss. Hierbei gilt, dass Spitzenleistungen, die ohnehin schon bei hohen Nenndrehzahlen (z. B. 2000 1/min) gefordert werden, weiterhin möglichst von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine erbracht werden müssen. Hier kommen nur zusätzlich Leistungsspitzen hinzu, die während den Beschleunigungsphasen entstehen.  Short-term peak performance can be covered by the support of the motor-driven electric machine, so that the internal combustion engine no longer has to be designed for the required / desired peak power. In this case, top performances, which are required in any case even at high nominal speeds (eg 2000 rpm), must continue to be provided by the internal combustion engine as far as possible. Here only additional power peaks are added, which arise during the acceleration phases.
Genau diese Leistungen können in der Regel nicht von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine schnell genug erbracht werden, da die Drehzahl zu niedrig ist und das Drehmoment nicht schnell genug durch die Verbrennungskraftmaschine alleine aufgebracht werden kann. Exactly these services can not be provided by the internal combustion engine quickly enough, since the speed is too low and the torque can not be applied quickly enough by the internal combustion engine alone.
Neben dem Boosten bei der Abdeckung von Leistungsspitzen besteht die Möglichkeit, den motorischen Betrieb der Elektromaschine zur Steigerung der Dynamik des Antriebsstrangs zu nutzen. In addition to boosting the coverage of power peaks, it is possible to use the motor operation of the electric machine to increase the dynamics of the powertrain.
Insbesondere, wenn die Einspritzmenge der Verbrennungskraftmaschine durch die ladedruckabhängige Füllungsbegrenzung unterhalb der Dachkurve limitiert wird, kann zur Steigerung der Dynamik eine motorische Leistung der Elektromaschine so lange aufgebracht werden, bis diese Limitierung durch ausreichenden Ladedruck nicht mehr notwendig ist. In particular, if the injection quantity of the internal combustion engine is limited by the boost pressure-dependent filling limit below the roof curve, a motor power can be used to increase the dynamics the electric machine are applied until this limitation is no longer necessary by sufficient boost pressure.
Das Aufladen des elektrischen Energiespeichers erfolgt durch das Erzeu- gen eines generatorischen Drehmoments der Elektromaschine während des Betriebs. Dabei ist das erzeugte Drehmoment von dem Ladezustand des Energiespeichers, der Auslastung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine und verschiedenen Systembedingungen abhängig. Das Drehmoment kann als Stellgröße eines Reglers oder auch gesteuert aufgeschaltet werden. The charging of the electrical energy storage takes place by the generation of a generator torque of the electric machine during operation. The generated torque is dependent on the state of charge of the energy storage, the utilization of the internal combustion engine and various system conditions. The torque can be switched as a manipulated variable of a controller or controlled.
Unter Rekuperation versteht man generell die Rückgewinnung der mechanischen Bremsenergie in elektrische Energie. Recuperation generally refers to the recovery of mechanical braking energy into electrical energy.
Bei konventionellen mobilen Arbeitsmaschinen wird nahezu der vollständi- ge Anteil der Bremsenergie durch den Schleppbetrieb der Verbrennungskraftmaschine bei hohen Drehzahlen und durch gezieltes Aufschalten hydraulischer Lasten erzielt. In conventional mobile work machines, almost the complete portion of the braking energy is achieved by the towing operation of the internal combustion engine at high speeds and by selective application of hydraulic loads.
Bei dieser Konfiguration eines Hybrid-Antriebes wird die Bremsenergie durch Aufschalten eines Bremsmoments auf die Elektromaschine erzielt. Hierdurch werden zum einen die hohen Motordrehzahlen vermieden, zum anderen wird die Bremsenergie über die Elektromaschine und die Leistungselektronik in den elektrischen Energiespeicher gespeist. Bei hybriden Antriebssträngen mobiler Arbeitsmaschinen, bestehend aus den erfindungsgemäßen Komponenten Verbrennungskraftmaschine (Dieselmotor), Elektromaschine mit Umrichter, elektrischem Energiespeicher und hydraulischem Fahr- und Arbeitsantrieb, wird zur Reduktion von C02- Emissionen und Kraftstoffverbrauch unter anderem die Funktion der Last- punktverschiebung eingesetzt. In this configuration of a hybrid drive, the braking energy is achieved by applying a braking torque to the electric machine. As a result, on the one hand, the high engine speeds are avoided, on the other hand, the braking energy is fed via the electric machine and the power electronics in the electrical energy storage. In hybrid powertrains of mobile machines, consisting of the components of the invention internal combustion engine (diesel engine), electric machine with inverter, electric energy storage and hydraulic drive and drive, is used to reduce CO 2 - emissions and fuel consumption, inter alia, the function of load point shift.
Mittels dieser Funktion werden die jeweiligen Arbeitspunkte im Kennfeld der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (Moment als Funktion der Drehzahl) entlang der Kurven konstanter Leistung (Leistungshyperbeln) verschoben, um die Arbeitspunkte der Verbrennungskraftmaschine in die Bereiche des jeweilig optimalen Kraftstoffverbrauchs zu verlagern. By means of this function, the respective operating points in the map of the internal combustion engine (torque as a function of the rotational speed) are shifted along the curves of constant power (power hyperbolas) in order to to shift the operating points of the internal combustion engine in the areas of the respective optimum fuel consumption.
Bei der Lastpunktverschiebung wird vom Hybrid-Steuergerät, unter ande- rem in Abhängigkeit der Parameter aktuelles Moment der Verbrennungskraftmaschine, aktuelles Moment der Elektromaschine, Ladezustand des Energiespeichers und aktueller Drehzahl von Verbrennungskraftmaschine und Elektromaschine, mittels einer im Hybrid-Steuergerät implementierten Betriebsstrategie die optimale Soll-Drehzahl ermittelt und als Sollwert dem nachgeschalteten Drehzahlregler übergeben. When the load point is shifted from the hybrid control unit, inter alia, depending on the parameter current torque of the internal combustion engine, current torque of the electric machine, state of charge of the energy storage and current speed of the internal combustion engine and electric machine, by means of an implemented in the hybrid control unit operating strategy, the optimal target Speed determined and transferred as a setpoint to the downstream speed controller.
Hierbei gilt, die optimale Solldrehzahl wird anhand der Informationen aus den HMI-Schnittstellen (Human Machine Interface) ermittelt. Der Ladezustand des Energiespeichers z. B. spielt dabei keine Rolle. In this case, the optimum setpoint speed is determined on the basis of the information from the HMI interfaces (Human Machine Interface). The state of charge of the energy storage z. B. does not matter.
Der Drehzahlregler der Verbrennungskraftmaschine befindet sich nach wie vor im Motorsteuergerät. Die Drehzahlvorgabe, also die Solldrehzahl, wird im Hybrid-Steuergerät ermittelt. Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine wird drehzahlgeregelt. Die Elektromaschine wird drehmomentgeregelt. Das Sollmoment wird aus der Drehzahldifferenz (siehe Position © in Fig. 5) berechnet. The speed controller of the internal combustion engine is still in the engine control unit. The speed specification, ie the setpoint speed, is determined in the hybrid control unit. The internal combustion engine is speed-controlled. The electric machine is torque-controlled. The target torque is calculated from the speed difference (see position © in FIG. 5).
Gegenüber konventionellen Antriebssträngen mobiler Arbeitsmaschinen bestehen beim Einsatz der Funktion Lastpunktverschiebung mit einem hybriden Antrieb folgende Vorteile: Compared with conventional drive trains of mobile machines, the following advantages are available when using the load point shift function with a hybrid drive:
- Bei einem konventionellen Antrieb wird aufgrund der sehr dynamischen Laständerungen des Fahr- oder Arbeitsantriebs beim Betrieb der Verbren- nungskraftmaschine eine hohe Leistungsreserve vorgehalten, um auf die Laständerungen adäquat reagieren zu können. Insbesondere bei aufgeladenen Verbrennungskraftmaschinen ist diese Leistungsreserve notwendig, um die zeitliche Dauer des Ladedruckaufbaus zu reduzieren. Beim hybriden Antriebsstrang besteht die Möglichkeit, diese Leistungsreserve der Verbrennungskraftmaschine deutlich zu reduzieren. Bei dynamischen Laständerungen wird so lange eine motorische Leistung der Elektromaschine aufgebracht, bis die Verbrennungskraftmaschine sich in einem Arbeitspunkt befindet, in dem diese eigenständig die angeforderte Leistung aufbringen kann. Besonders durch die schnelle Stellmöglichkeit des Moments der Elektromaschine wird diese Strategie begünstigt. - In a conventional drive, a high power reserve is maintained in order to respond adequately to the load changes due to the very dynamic load changes of the driving or working drive during operation of the internal combustion engine. Especially with supercharged internal combustion engines, this power reserve is necessary to reduce the duration of the boost pressure build-up. In the case of the hybrid powertrain, it is possible to save this power reserve Significantly reduce internal combustion engine. With dynamic load changes, a motor power of the electric machine is applied until the internal combustion engine is at an operating point in which it can independently apply the requested power. This strategy is particularly favored by the rapid adjustment of the moment of the electric machine.
- Die Lastpunktverschiebung bei konventionellen Antrieben hin zu geringeren Drehzahlen und somit höheren Drehmomenten ist maximal bis zu der Drehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine möglich, bei der diese das maximale Drehmoment aufbringt. Dies ist darin begründet, dass bei Drehzahlen kleiner als die Drehzahl maximalen Drehmoments eine Laständerung schnell zum Abwürgen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine führen kann beziehungsweise führt. Bei hybriden Antriebssträngen wird auch hier eine motorische Leistung der Elektromaschine dazu genutzt, die Verbrennungskraftmaschine in einen Arbeitspunkt zu verlagern, in dem diese die Leistung eigenständig aufbringen kann. - The load point shift in conventional drives to lower speeds and thus higher torque is possible up to the maximum speed of the internal combustion engine, in which this applies the maximum torque. This is due to the fact that at speeds less than the maximum torque speed, a load change can quickly lead to the stalling of the internal combustion engine or leads. In hybrid powertrains here is a motor power of the electric machine used to relocate the internal combustion engine to an operating point in which this can apply the power independently.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind der Zeichnungsbeschreibung zu entnehmen, in der ein in den Figuren dargestelltes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher beschrieben ist. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the drawings, in which an illustrated in the figures embodiment of the invention is described in detail.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Figur 1 in einer schematischen Ansicht die Anordnung und das Zusammenwirken der einzelnen Komponenten 1 shows a schematic view of the arrangement and the interaction of the individual components
Figur 2 in einem Kennfeld die Funktion der Lastpunktverschiebung mit  Figure 2 in a map with the function of the load point shift
Auswirkung auf den spezifischen Verbrauch (Muscheldiagramm) Effect on specific consumption (shell diagram)
Figur 3 in einem Kennfeld die Funktion "Lastpunktverschiebung" FIG. 3 shows in a characteristic diagram the function "load point shift"
Figur 4 eine Systemtopologie eines mildhybriden Systems einer Baumaschine, beispielhaft mit elektrischem Elektromaschine und Energiespeicher Figur 5 Prinzipskizze zur Ermittlung der Soll-Drehzahl des Verbrennungskraftmaschines mit dynamischerFIG. 4 shows a system topology of a mildly hybrid system of a construction machine, by way of example with an electric electric machine and energy storage Figure 5 schematic diagram for determining the target speed of the internal combustion engine with dynamic
Drehzahlabsenkung und des Sollmomentes der Elektromaschine. Eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 , die insbesondere eine selbstzündende Brennkraftmaschine (Dieselmotor) ist, ist direkt mit einer Elektromaschine 2 gekoppelt, die anstelle eines Schwungrades mit der Kurbelwelle der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 verschaltet ist. Der Stator dieser Elektromaschine 2 ist dabei mit dem Kurbelgehäuse verbunden und der Rotor mit der Kurbelwelle verschaltet. Der Rotor ist weiterhin mit einer Zahnradpumpe 3 und weiter mit einer Axialkolbenpumpe 4 verschaltet. Der Ausgang der Zahnradpumpe 3 ist über Proportionalventile 5 (beispielsweise) mit einem Arbeitszylinder 6, einem Hubzylinder 7 und einem Lenkzylinder 8 verschaltet. Zahnradpumpe 3 und Axialkolbenpumpe 4 sind hydraulische Arbeits- maschinen. Speed reduction and the desired torque of the electric machine. An internal combustion engine 1, which is in particular a self-igniting internal combustion engine (diesel engine), is directly coupled to an electric machine 2, which is connected to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine 1 instead of a flywheel. The stator of this electric machine 2 is connected to the crankcase and the rotor is connected to the crankshaft. The rotor is further connected to a gear pump 3 and further to an axial piston pump 4. The output of the gear pump 3 is connected via proportional valves 5 (for example) with a working cylinder 6, a lifting cylinder 7 and a steering cylinder 8. Gear pump 3 and axial piston pump 4 are hydraulic working machines.
Die Elektromaschine 2 ist über einen Vierquadrantenumrichter 12 mit einem elektrischen Energiespeicher 13 verschaltet. Weiterhin ist ein Hybrid- Steuergerät 21 vorgesehen, mit dem alle Einzelsteuergeräte der Kompo- nenten, insbesondere des Antriebsstrangs und des Speicherstrangs, koordiniert werden können. The electric machine 2 is connected via a Vierquadrantenumrichter 12 with an electrical energy storage 13. Furthermore, a hybrid control unit 21 is provided with which all individual control devices of the components, in particular of the drive train and of the storage line, can be coordinated.
Fig. 2 zeigt ein typisches Kennfeld einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine (Moment als Funktion der Drehzahl). In diesem Kennfeld ist als Dachkurve das von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine erreichbare maximale Drehmoment Mdmax eingetragen. Unter dieser Dachkurve sind als Muschelkurven die Linien mit konstantem spezifischen (Kraftstoff)-Verbrauch dargestellt, wobei, ausgehend von der bemin Linie, die weiteren Linien einen stufenweise steigenden Verbrauch kennzeichnen. Schließlich sind die Kurven konstanter Leistung Pkonst (Leistungshyperbeln) der Verbrennungskraftmaschine eingetragen. Grundsätzlich kann nun die Verbrennungskraftmaschine, die mit einer konstanten Leistung Pkonst an dem Punkt P1 betrieben wird, mit der gleichen konstanten Leistung Pkonst an dem Punkt P2 betrieben werden, wobei der Punkt P2 aber im bemin Feld liegt. Durch diese Verstellung wird bei gleicher Leistungsabgabe eine Verbrauchsreduzierung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine erreicht. 2 shows a typical characteristic diagram of an internal combustion engine (torque as a function of the rotational speed). In this map is entered as a roof curve achievable by the internal combustion engine maximum torque Md max . Under this roof curve, the lines with constant specific (fuel) consumption are shown as shell curves, whereby, starting from the be min line, the other lines indicate a gradually increasing consumption. Finally, the curves of constant power P kon st (Leistungshyperbeln) of the internal combustion engine registered. In principle, the internal combustion engine, which is operated at a constant power Pkonst at the point P1, can now be operated with the same constant power Pconst at the point P2, but the point P2 lies in the be min field. This adjustment will At the same power output, a reduction in consumption of the internal combustion engine achieved.
Problematisch ist aber bei konventionellem derartigen Antriebsstrang, dass bei einer solchen Verstellung - wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt - dies immer mit einer Annäherung an die Dachkurve des erreichbaren maximalen Drehmoments verbunden ist. Wird, wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, bei der Verstellung die Dachkurve mit dem Leistungspunkt P2 angefahren, weist die Verbrennungskraftmaschine auch schon bei geringen Laständerungen keine Leis- tungsreserven mehr auf und die Verbrennungskraftmaschine wird abgewürgt, wie in Punkt 4 dargestellt. Verlauf mit dynamischer Drehzahlabsenkung, aber ohne Unterstützung der Elektromaschine. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung steht dann aber noch die Leistung, die durch die Elektromaschine aufgebracht werden kann, additiv zur Verfügung. Das heißt mit anderen Worten, es kann bedenkenlos eine Leistungsverstellung bis auf die dmax Kurve hin zu einer Verringerung des Verbrauchs gefahren werden, ohne dass bei Laständerungen ein Abwürgen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine zu befürchten ist, da für diesen Fall die zusätzliche Leistung der Elektromaschine zur Verfügung steht. However, the problem with such a conventional drive train is that with such an adjustment - as shown in FIG. 3 - this is always associated with an approach to the roof curve of the achievable maximum torque. If, as shown in FIG. 3, the roof curve is approached with the power point P2 during the adjustment, the internal combustion engine no longer has any power reserves even with slight load changes and the internal combustion engine is strangled, as shown in point 4. Course with dynamic speed reduction, but without the support of the electric machine. By the embodiment of the invention but then the power that can be applied by the electric machine, additively available. In other words, it is safe to run a power adjustment to the d max curve towards a reduction in consumption, without fear of stalling the engine when load changes, since in this case the additional power of the electric machine is available ,
P1 - P2 entspricht der dynamischen Drehzahlabsenkung, wenn die Last (Leistung) stationär bleibt. P1 - P2 corresponds to the dynamic speed reduction when the load (power) remains stationary.
Durch dynamisches Auslenken des Joysticks (20) (HMI-Signal) wird genau so dynamisch die Last für den Verbraucher erhöht. Dynamic displacement of the joystick (20) (HMI signal) dynamically increases the load on the load.
P2 - P3 entspricht dem Verlauf mit dynamischer Drehzahlabsenkung und Unterstützung der Elektromaschine (2). P2 - P4 entspricht dem Verlauf mit dynamischer Drehzahlabsenkung, aber ohne Unterstützung der Elektromaschine (2). P2 - P3 corresponds to the course with dynamic speed reduction and support of the electric machine (2). P2 - P4 corresponds to the course with dynamic speed reduction, but without support of the electric machine (2).
P1 - P2 entspricht dem Verlauf bei Lastsprung ohne dynamische Drehzahlabsenkung. Figur 4 zeigt in Kombination mit Figur 5, wie die Nenndrehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine einer Baumaschine während einer Arbeitsphase trotz dynamischen Belastungsspitzen hochdynamisch beschleunigt werden kann. Hierfür wird die Verbrennungskraftmaschine zu einem mildhybriden System erweitert. Die Erweiterung besteht aus einem Energiespeicher 13 und einer Elektromaschine 2, die sowohl direkt an der Kurbelwelle als auch an einem PTO (Power take off) angeschlossen sein kann. Dabei kann die Elektromaschine 2 mit dem zugehörigen Energiespeicher 13 sowohl elektrisch als auch hydraulisch ausgeführt sein. P1 - P2 corresponds to the progression during load jump without dynamic speed reduction. FIG. 4 shows, in combination with FIG. 5, how the nominal rotational speed of the internal combustion engine of a construction machine can be accelerated highly dynamically during a working phase despite dynamic load peaks. For this purpose, the internal combustion engine is extended to a mild hybrid system. The extension consists of an energy storage device 13 and an electric machine 2, which can be connected both directly to the crankshaft and to a PTO (power take-off). In this case, the electric machine 2 with the associated energy storage 13 can be designed both electrically and hydraulically.
Die Elektromaschine 2 arbeitet bei der Abgabe bzw. Aufnahme der Energie im Vergleich zur Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 hochdynamisch. Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 arbeitet während ihrer Arbeitsphasen mit einer möglichst niedrigen Drehzahl. Bei Lastanforderungen, die eine höhere Drehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 erfordern, wird die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 während des Beschleunigungsvorgangs bis zur höheren Soll-Drehzahl von der Elektromaschine 2 parallel hochdynamisch unterstützt, z. B. im motorischen Betrieb der Elektromaschine 2. Die dazu notwendige Energie der Elektromaschine 2 kommt aus dem Energiespeicher 13. In Phasen geringerer Lastanforderung wird mittels der Elektromaschine 2 der Energiespeicher 13 wieder aufgeladen, beispielsweise durch den generatorischen Betrieb der Elektromaschine 2. Die Lastanforderung muss dabei möglichst früh erkannt werden, um die Verbrennungskraftma- schine 1 sehr schnell mit Hilfe der Elektromaschine 2 in der Beschleunigungsphase unterstützen zu können. Dies erfolgt am schnellsten durch das Auswerten der Signale der HMI-Schnittstellen 20, wie z. B. der Joysticks 20, die der Maschinenführer bedient. Mit der ermittelten Lastanforderung wird die notwendige Drehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 - die Nenndrehzahl - ermittelt. Diese wird über das Steuergerät der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 22 eingestellt. Während die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 nun bereits von sich aus schon versucht, auf die neue Nenndrehzahl zu beschleunigen, wird sie dabei von der Elekt- romaschine 2 mit einem hochdynamischen Drehmomentenaufbau unterstützt. Das Sollmoment der Elektromaschine 2 wird aus der Differenz aus Nenn- und Ist-Drehzahl ermittelt. Die Ermittlung der Nenndrehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 erfolgt durch Auswertung der HMI-Schnittstellen 20, es erfolgt die Nutzung einer dynamischen Drehzahlabsenkung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 in einer Baumaschine mit Hilfe einer Elektromaschine 2. Die Elektromaschine 2 des mildhybriden Antriebs unterstützt die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 hochdynamisch während der Beschleunigungsphasen auf die gewünschte höhere Nenndrehzahl. Die Elektromaschine 2 ist direkt an der Kurbelwelle oder an einem PTO angeschlossen. The electric machine 2 operates in the delivery or absorption of energy in comparison to the internal combustion engine 1 highly dynamically. The internal combustion engine 1 operates during its work phases with the lowest possible speed. For load requirements that require a higher speed of the internal combustion engine 1, the internal combustion engine 1 is supported during the acceleration process to the higher target speed of the electric machine 2 in parallel high dynamic, z. In phases of lower load requirement, the energy storage device 13 is recharged by means of the electric machine 2, for example, by the generator operation of the electric machine 2. The load requirement must be be detected as early as possible in order to support the Verbrennungskraftma- machine 1 very quickly with the help of the electric machine 2 in the acceleration phase can. This is done fastest by evaluating the signals of the HMI interfaces 20, such. B. the joysticks 20, operated by the operator. With the determined load request, the necessary speed of the internal combustion engine 1 - the rated speed - determined. This is set via the control unit of the internal combustion engine 22. While the internal combustion engine 1 is already trying to accelerate to the new nominal speed, it is thereby influenced by the electric motor. machine 2 with a highly dynamic torque buildup. The desired torque of the electric machine 2 is determined from the difference between rated and actual speed. The determination of the rated speed of the internal combustion engine 1 is carried out by evaluation of the HMI interfaces 20, it takes the use of a dynamic speed reduction of the internal combustion engine 1 in a construction machine with the aid of an electric machine 2. The electric machine 2 of mildly hybrid drive supports the internal combustion engine 1 highly dynamically during the acceleration phases the desired higher rated speed. The electric machine 2 is connected directly to the crankshaft or to a PTO.
Die Elektromaschine 2 mit ihrem Energiespeicher 13 kann sowohl elekt- risch als auch hydraulisch ausgeführt sein. Hierfür kommen Batterien und/ oder Kondensatoren und/oder Hydraulikspeicher in Betracht. The electric machine 2 with its energy storage 13 can be designed both electrically and hydraulically. For this purpose, batteries and / or capacitors and / or hydraulic accumulator come into consideration.
Das Verfahren und die Vorrichtung eignen sich prinzipiell für alle Baumaschinen, die aufgrund der Vorhaltung von Leistungsreserven bei dynami- sehen Lastanforderungen zur Zeit mit hohen Nenndrehzahlen während der Arbeitsphasen betrieben werden. Eine spezielle Anwendung erfolgt beispielsweise in einem Umschlagbagger. The method and the device are suitable in principle for all construction machines that are currently operating at high rated speeds during the work phases due to the provision of power reserves in dynamic load requirements see. A special application takes place, for example, in an industrial excavator.
Das HMI-Signal wird über den CAN-BUS vom Hybrid-Steuergerät empfan- gen, die Übertragungsrate liegt im Bereich von etwa 10 msec oder kleiner. The HMI signal is received via the CAN bus from the hybrid control unit, the transmission rate is in the range of about 10 m sec or less.
Das HMI-Signal stellt z. B. die Auslenkung eines Joysticks 20 von links nach rechts dar und wird über CAN als Signal mit einem Wertebereich von - 100 % bis + 100 % übertragen. The HMI signal represents z. B. is the deflection of a joystick 20 from left to right and is transmitted via CAN as a signal with a range of - 100% to + 100%.
So werden alle HMI-Signale vom Hybrid-Steuergerät ausgelesen, die zu einer Erhöhung der Last an der Verbrennungskraftmaschine führen. Alle HMI-Signale werden in dem Hybrid-Steuergerät 21 ausgewertet und daraus eine Soll-Drehzahl für die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 berechnet. Die Auswertung erfolgt über Kennfelder und einen Gewichtungsfaktor für jedes HMI-Signal. Thus, all HMI signals are read by the hybrid control unit, which lead to an increase in the load on the internal combustion engine. All HMI signals are evaluated in the hybrid control unit 21 and calculated therefrom a desired speed for the internal combustion engine 1. The evaluation takes place via maps and a weighting factor for each HMI signal.
Bei schneller Änderung eines HMI-Signals resultiert auch eine schnelle Änderung der Soll-Drehzahl ® in Fig. 5. Rapid change of an HMI signal also results in a rapid change of the setpoint speed R in FIG. 5.
Dadurch ergibt sich zunächst eine große Differenz © in Fig. 5 zwischen Soll- und Ist-Drehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 , da der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 a) der Soll-Drehzahl aufgrund der vergleichbar geringen Eigendynamik nicht schnell genug folgen kann, This initially results in a large difference © in FIG. 5 between the setpoint and actual rotational speeds of the internal combustion engine 1, since the internal combustion engine 1 a) can not follow the target rotational speed fast enough due to the comparatively low inherent dynamics,
b) die schnelle Änderung des HMI-Signals immer einen schnellen Lastanstieg für die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 bedeutet, der einer schnellen Anpassung der Ist-Drehzahl an die Soll-Drehzahl entgegenwirkt. b) the rapid change of the HMI signal always means a rapid load increase for the internal combustion engine 1, which counteracts a rapid adaptation of the actual speed to the target speed.
Die Drehzahldifferenz wird dazu genutzt, das Sollmoment der Elektroma- schine 2 zu berechnen - © in Fig. 5. The speed difference is used to calculate the desired torque of the electric machine 2 - © in FIG. 5.
Wenn die Soll- Ist-Drehzahl schnell sehr groß wird, wird auch schnell das Sollmoment der Elektromaschine 2 groß. Im Falle, dass die Ist-Drehzahl größer als die Soll-Drehzahl ist, wird kein Drehmoment von der Elektro- maschine 2 abverlangt. Bezugszeichen When the target actual speed becomes very fast, the target torque of the electric machine 2 quickly becomes large. In the event that the actual speed is greater than the target speed, no torque is demanded from the electric machine 2. reference numeral
1 Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 internal combustion engine
2 Elektromaschine  2 electric machine
3 Zahnradpumpe  3 gear pump
4 Axialkolbenpumpe  4 axial piston pump
5 Proportionalventile  5 proportional valves
6 Arbeitszylinder  6 working cylinders
7 Hubzylinder  7 lifting cylinders
8 Lenkzylinder  8 steering cylinders
9 Axialkolbenmotor  9 axial piston motor
10 Getriebestufe  10 gear stage
1 1 Antriebsräder  1 1 drive wheels
12 Vierquadrantenumrichter  12 four-quadrant inverters
13 Energiespeicher  13 energy storage
20 Human Machine Interface (HMI)- Schnittstellen, Joystick 20 Human Machine Interface (HMI) - Interfaces, Joystick
21 Hybrid-Steuergerät (ECU) 21 hybrid control unit (ECU)
22 Steuergerät der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (ECU)  22 control unit of the internal combustion engine (ECU)

Claims

A N S P R Ü C H E
1. Verfahren zur dynamischen Drehzahlabsenkung einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, insbesondere in einer Baumaschine, insbesondere unter Zuhilfenahme einer Elektromaschine, wobei es die folgenden Schritte um- fasst: 1. A method for dynamic speed reduction of an internal combustion engine, in particular in a construction machine, in particular with the aid of an electric machine, wherein it comprises the following steps:
Ermittlung der Nenndrehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine, Determination of the rated speed of the internal combustion engine,
Nutzung einer dynamischen Drehzahlabsenkung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine, insbesondere in einer Baumaschine, mit Hilfe einer Elektromaschine. Dabei wird die Elektromaschine dazu benötigt, die Beschleunigungsphasen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine von niedrigeren Drehzahlen auf höhere Drehzahlen zu unterstützen.  Use of a dynamic speed reduction of the internal combustion engine, in particular in a construction machine, with the aid of an electric machine. In this case, the electric machine is required to support the acceleration phases of the internal combustion engine from lower speeds to higher speeds.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , 2. The method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ermittlung der Nenndrehzahl insbesondere durch eine Auswertung der HMI-Schnittstellen 20 erfolgt. characterized in that the determination of the rated speed is effected in particular by an evaluation of the HMI interfaces 20.
3. Hybridantriebsstrang eines Fahrzeugs, insbesondere zur Anwendung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. hybrid powertrain of a vehicle, in particular for the application of the method according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass insbesondere eine mobile Arbeitsmaschine mit einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine (1 ) und einer Elektromaschine (2) zum Einsatz kommt und/oder der Antriebsstrang weiterhin eine hydraulische Arbeitsmaschine aufweist. characterized in that in particular a mobile work machine with an internal combustion engine (1) and an electric machine (2) is used and / or the drive train further comprises a hydraulic working machine.
4. Hybridantriebsstrang nach Anspruch 1 , 4. Hybrid powertrain according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Arbeitsmaschine eine Axialkolbenpumpe (4) aufweist. Die Arbeitsmaschine hat eine Axialkolbenpumpe (4), von der Leistung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 1 bzw. der Elektromaschine (2) angefordert wird. characterized in that the working machine comprises an axial piston pump (4). The working machine has an axial piston pump (4), is requested by the power of the internal combustion engine 1 and the electric machine (2).
5. Hybridantriebsstrang nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit der Arbeitsmaschine ein hydraulischer Motor, insbesondere ein Axialkolbenmotor (9), verschaltet ist. 5. Hybrid drive train according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that with the working machine, a hydraulic motor, in particular an axial piston motor (9) is connected.
6. Hybridantriebsstrang nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit der Arbeitsmaschine zumindest ein hydraulisches Stellelement, insbesondere ein Arbeitszylinder (6), ein Hubzylinder (7) und/oder ein Lenkzylinder (8) gesteuert, insbesondere über ein oder mehrere Proportionalventile (5) verschaltet ist/sind. 6. Hybrid drive train according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working machine controlled at least one hydraulic actuator, in particular a working cylinder (6), a lifting cylinder (7) and / or a steering cylinder (8), in particular via one or more proportional valves ( 5) is / are interconnected.
7. Hybridantriebsstrang nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Antriebsstrang drehzahlgeregelt betrieben wird. 7. Hybrid drive train according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive train is operated speed controlled.
8. Hybridantriebsstrang nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 8. Hybrid drive train according to one or more of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hybridantriebsstrang in der Form steuerbar ist, dass an der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (1 ) eine Lastpunktver- Schiebung einstellbar ist. characterized in that the hybrid drive train is controllable in the form that on the internal combustion engine (1) a load point shift is adjustable.
9. Hybridantriebsstrang nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 9. Hybrid drive train according to one or more of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Lastpunktverschiebung bis in den Be- reich des Erreichen des maximalen Drehmoments der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (1 ) erfolgt und dass dann die Elektromaschine (2) motorisch betrieben wird. characterized in that a load point shift up to the area of reaching the maximum torque of the internal combustion engine (1) takes place and that then the electric machine (2) is operated by a motor.
10. Hybridantriebsstrang nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 10. Hybrid drive train according to one or more of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektromaschine (2) ein mildhybrider Antrieb ist. characterized in that the electric machine (2) is a mildly hybrid drive.
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