EP3261769B1 - Method and device for fragmenting and/or weakening pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges - Google Patents

Method and device for fragmenting and/or weakening pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3261769B1
EP3261769B1 EP16707373.3A EP16707373A EP3261769B1 EP 3261769 B1 EP3261769 B1 EP 3261769B1 EP 16707373 A EP16707373 A EP 16707373A EP 3261769 B1 EP3261769 B1 EP 3261769B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode assembly
material flow
conveyor belt
electrode
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16707373.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3261769A1 (en
Inventor
Alexander WEH
Jean-Pierre AEBY
Johannes KÄPPELER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Selfrag AG
Original Assignee
Selfrag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/CH2015/000032 external-priority patent/WO2016134490A1/en
Priority claimed from PCT/CH2015/000030 external-priority patent/WO2016134488A1/en
Priority claimed from PCT/CH2015/000031 external-priority patent/WO2016134489A1/en
Application filed by Selfrag AG filed Critical Selfrag AG
Publication of EP3261769A1 publication Critical patent/EP3261769A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/02Feeding devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/10Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B02C23/36Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy the crushing or disintegrating zone being submerged in liquid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B02C2019/183Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for fragmentation and / or weakening of pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges, a device for carrying out the method, a system comprising a plurality of such devices and a use of the device or system according to the preambles of the independent claims.
  • the fragmentation and / or weakening of the material takes place in batch mode in a closed process vessel in which high-voltage breakdowns are generated by the material.
  • the fragmentation and / or weakening of the material takes place in a continuous process by passing a stream of material from the material to be comminuted past one or more electrodes and with these high-voltage breakdowns generated by the material.
  • the material is transported past the electrodes either by gravity or by means of a conveyor, which simultaneously serves as a counter electrode to one or more high voltage electrodes.
  • the problem arises that the material flow or the residence time of the material in the process zone is only very limited adjustable and strongly depends on the piece size of the materials.
  • the decisive disadvantage arises that very expensive, at least in the process zone electrically conductive conveyors are needed, which are expensive and also subject to heavy wear.
  • Such a device is known from JP2003154286 known.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for fragmenting and / or weakening pourable material, in particular slag from waste incineration, by means of high-voltage discharges.
  • the high-voltage electrodes and the counter electrodes associated therewith are immersed in the process fluid from above, and those of these electrodes between which the high-voltage breakdowns are produced face each other transversely to the material advancing direction with an electrode spacing.
  • the high-voltage electrodes and the counterelectrodes, between which the high-voltage breakdowns are generated are in contact with the material flow.
  • one or the other embodiment may be more preferable.
  • the material flow is formed from pieces of material which do not exceed a certain maximum piece size, preferably one maximum piece size in the range between 40 mm and 80 mm.
  • the electrode spacing is greater in each case than this maximum piece size. This results in the advantage that the pieces of material can migrate between them when immersed in the material flow electrodes, whereby a particularly intensive loading of the pieces of material with the high voltage breakdowns is possible. Also, this makes it relatively easy to apply the material flow substantially over its entire width with high voltage breakdowns, which is also preferred.
  • the distance of the electrodes to the bottom of the material flow, i. to the top of the material flow carrying conveyor is greater than this maximum piece size. This results in the advantage that the pieces of material can not be trapped between the upper side of the conveying device and the electrodes when the electrodes are in contact with the flow of material or are immersed in the flow of material, whereby the operational safety and service life of the device is markedly improved.
  • the material of the material stream or a portion thereof is divided downstream of the electrode assembly into coarse material having a size greater than a desired target size and fine material having a size less than or equal to the desired target size.
  • the coarse material upstream of the electrode arrangement is returned to the material flow in order to be redirected past the electrode arrangement and fragmented or weakened, or that the coarse material is subjected to a further fragmentation or weakening process is, in particular a further method according to this first aspect of the invention to be further crushed or weakened.
  • a conveying device which, viewed in cross-section, is designed to be channel-shaped, preferably V-shaped, at least in the region in which it passes the material flow past the electrode arrangement.
  • the material flow is guided past the electrode arrangement by means of a flexible, electrically non-conductive conveyor belt whose edge regions are curved upward in the region in which it passes the material flow past the electrode arrangement.
  • a flexible, electrically non-conductive conveyor belt whose edge regions are curved upward in the region in which it passes the material flow past the electrode arrangement.
  • Such conveyor belts are robust, low-maintenance and commercially available in a variety of designs and sizes.
  • the inclinations of the edge regions of the conveyor belt are preferably set to optimize the respective process.
  • the conveyor belt is preferably flat so that the lowest possible elongation of the edge areas is required.
  • the stream of material downstream of the region in which it is passed with the conveyor belt on the electrode assembly and there is fragmented by means of high voltage breakdown is conveyed upwards with the conveyor belt, preferably such that it the conveyor belt is led out of the process liquid. In this way can be dispensed with expensive additional devices for removal of the processed material from the process liquid.
  • the material flow conveyed upward with the conveyor belt is fed from the delivery end of the conveyor belt, preferably via a device for screening pieces of material comminuted to a certain target size, to an underlying delivery end of a further conveyor belt with which it further fragmentation - And / or weakening method is supplied, in particular according to this first aspect of the invention. Accordingly, the method described is then part of a multi-stage fragmentation and / or attenuation method.
  • an electrode arrangement which comprises a plurality of electrode pairs or electrode groups, wherein each electrode pair or each electrode group is assigned its own high voltage generator, with which exclusively this pair or this group, with advantage independently of the other electrode pairs or electrode groups, with high voltage pulses is applied.
  • each electrode pair or each electrode group is assigned its own high voltage generator, with which exclusively this pair or this group, with advantage independently of the other electrode pairs or electrode groups, with high voltage pulses is applied.
  • a pair of electrodes is here a combination of a high voltage electrode, which is acted upon by the high voltage generator with high voltage pulses, and a single said high voltage electrode associated counter electrode between which electrodes take place the high voltage breakdowns understood.
  • An electrode group is here understood to mean a combination of a high-voltage electrode which is subjected to high-voltage pulses with the high-voltage generator and a plurality of counter electrodes associated with this high-voltage electrode, between which electrodes the high-voltage breakdowns take place, wherein the respective high-voltage breakdown usually takes place between the high-voltage electrode and that of the counterelectrodes, between which the most favorable breakdown conditions are present.
  • the material stream is formed from pieces of material or contains pieces of material which form a composite of metallic and non-metallic materials, as e.g. in slag pieces from waste incineration is the case.
  • the advantages of the invention come to light and it proves to be a further advantage that the demands on the quality of the process liquid, mostly water, are very low, whereby the cost of the Process liquid processing are extremely low.
  • the processed material resulting from the process is preferably divided into metallic material and non-metallic material, advantageously with ferromagnetic metals, non-ferromagnetic metals and non-metallic material. In this way, a recycling or selective disposal of the components of the processed material is simplified.
  • the electrode arrangement is preferably with high voltage pulses in the range between 100 KV and 300 KV, in particular in the range between 150 KV and 200 KV applied, wherein preferably the power per pulse between 100 joules and 1000 joules, in particular between 300 joules and 750 joules.
  • the high-voltage pulse frequencies are preferably in the range between 0.5 Hz and 40 Hz, in particular in the range between 5 Hz and 20 Hz, and the material flow is when passing the electrode assembly per millimeter of its extension in the direction Vorbei entryscardi preferably 0.1 to 2.0, in particular 0.5 to 1.0 applied to high voltage breakdowns.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the device comprises an electrode arrangement with one or more high-voltage electrodes and associated counterelectrodes. Their high-voltage electrodes can be acted upon by high-voltage pulses with one or more high-voltage generators.
  • the device comprises a conveying device, preferably in the form of a conveyor belt or a conveyor chain, which is arranged at least partially in a tank filled or to be filled with a process fluid, in particular water, and with which a material flow from a free-flowing fragmented and / or or material to be debunked, immersed in a process fluid, past the electrode assembly while high voltage breakdowns are generated by the material flow by applying high voltage pulses to the electrodes of the electrode assembly.
  • a conveying device preferably in the form of a conveyor belt or a conveyor chain, which is arranged at least partially in a tank filled or to be filled with a process fluid, in particular water, and with which a material flow from a free-flowing fragmented and / or or material to be debunked, immersed in a process fluid, past the electrode assembly while high voltage breakdowns are generated by the material flow by applying high voltage pulses to the electrodes of the electrode assembly.
  • the device is designed such that, during normal operation, the electrodes of the electrode arrangement are immersed in the process fluid from above and those of these electrodes between which the high-voltage breakdowns are generated, are each opposite to the Materialvorbei operationsplatz with an electrode spacing.
  • the device is designed such that in normal operation, the high voltage electrodes and the counter electrodes, between which the high voltage breakdowns are generated, are in contact with the material flow or even immersed in it.
  • one or the other embodiment may be more preferable.
  • the distance between the electrodes, between which high-voltage breakdowns are generated is in each case greater than 40 mm, more preferably in each case greater than 80 mm.
  • the apparatus has downstream of the electrode assembly means, in particular screening devices, with which the processed material of the material stream or a part thereof can be divided into coarse material with a size greater than a gewünsehten Target size and in fine material with a piece size less than or equal to the desired target size.
  • the electrode arrangement comprises a plurality of electrode pairs or electrode groups.
  • each electrode pair or each electrode group is assigned its own high-voltage generator, with which only this electrode pair or this electrode group can be acted upon during normal operation with high-voltage pulses.
  • a pair of electrodes here is a combination of a high voltage electrode, which is acted upon in normal operation with the associated high voltage generator with high voltage pulses, and a single of these high voltage electrode associated counter electrode, between which electrodes take place during normal operation, the high voltage breakdowns understood.
  • An electrode group is understood here to mean a combination of a high-voltage electrode, which is subjected to high-voltage pulses during normal operation with the associated high-voltage generator, and a plurality of counterelectrodes assigned to this high-voltage electrode, between which electrodes the high-voltage breakdowns take place during normal operation, wherein the respective high-voltage breakdown between the electrodes usually occurs High voltage electrode and that of the counter electrodes takes place, between which are the most favorable breakdown conditions.
  • the conveyor is at least in the region in which it passes the material flow past the electrode assembly, seen in cross-section groove-shaped, preferably V-shaped. This results in the advantage that the pourable material can be guided from the side areas in the middle, thereby simplifying a substantially complete loading of the material flow over its entire width with high voltage breakdowns.
  • the conveyor thereby comprises a flexible, electrically non-conductive conveyor belt, with which the material flow is passed in the intended operation of the electrode assembly whose edge regions in the area in which it passes the material flow past the electrode assembly, curved upwards are.
  • Such conveyor belts are robust, low-maintenance and commercially available in a variety of designs and sizes.
  • the inclinations of the edge regions of the conveyor belt are preferably adjustable to optimize the respective process.
  • the conveyor belt is preferably flat so that the smallest possible elongation of the edge regions results.
  • the conveyor of the device comprises a conveyor belt, which is designed such that during normal operation of the material flow downstream of the area in which it is passed with the conveyor belt on the electrode assembly and is fragmented there by high voltage breakdowns or weakened, with the Conveyor belt is conveyed upward, preferably such that it is led out with the conveyor belt from the process liquid.
  • a conveyor belt which is designed such that during normal operation of the material flow downstream of the area in which it is passed with the conveyor belt on the electrode assembly and is fragmented there by high voltage breakdowns or weakened, with the Conveyor belt is conveyed upward, preferably such that it is led out with the conveyor belt from the process liquid.
  • a third aspect of the invention relates to a multi-stage plant for fragmenting and / or weakening pourable material, comprising a plurality of devices connected in series in the material conveying direction according to the second aspect of the invention.
  • the plant is constructed in such a way that, in the normal operation of the plant, a material flow which is conveyed upwards by the conveyor belt of a first of the devices, from the discharge end of this conveyor belt, preferably via a device for screening pieces of material comminuted to a certain target size on the underlying Task end of the conveyor belt is placed in a direction of material delivery to this first of the devices following second of the devices, with which it passes the electrode assembly of this second of the devices and thereby further fragmented and / or weakened.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention relates to the use of the device according to the second aspect of the invention or the device according to the third aspect of the invention for the fragmentation and / or weakening of pieces of material which form a composite of non-metallic and metallic materials, preferably slag pieces from the waste incineration.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first device according to the invention for fragmenting pourable material 1 by means of high-voltage discharges, once in a plan view from above ( Fig. 1 ), once in a vertical section along the line AA in Fig. 1 ( Fig. 2 ) and once in a partial vertical section along the line BB in Fig. 1 ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the apparatus comprises a carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 formed of an annular bottom plate 10, a fixedly connected to the bottom plate 10 and of the bottom plate 10 perpendicular upwardly projecting cylindrical outer wall 9 and one with the bottom plate 10 is not in Connecting standing and perpendicular from the bottom plate 10 upwardly projecting cylindrical inner wall 11.
  • the bottom plate 10 is flat and continuously closed and is mounted by means of a roller ring 24 on an annular support member 25 of a fixed support structure, and is in normal operation by means of a drive motor 26 in the direction of rotation R to a running through the center of the circular shape of the bottom plate 10 vertical axis of rotation Z rotates around, whereby the lying on the bottom plate 10 to be fragmented material 1 forms an annular or annular ring-shaped material flow 4 in the direction of rotation R about the axis of rotation Z around.
  • the carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 is arranged in a circular basin 27 filled with water 5 (process liquid), the bottom of which is penetrated by the annular support element 25.
  • the carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 is completely immersed in the water 5 in the basin 27 except for the upper boundary edges of the outer wall 9 and the inner wall 11.
  • the bottom of the basin 27 is formed by a circular, downwardly extending funnel 19, the lower end of which ends above a conveyor belt 20, which conveys obliquely upward to a level above the water level of the basin 27 (not fully shown here for reasons of space) and is arranged in a housing 30 which is connected to the lower funnel end and together with the basin 27 forms a watertight container.
  • the basin 27 is surrounded by an annular protective wall 31 through which the housing of the conveyor belt 30 and the conveyor belt 20 pass.
  • Each of the high-voltage electrodes 12 protrudes in the illustrated situation from above to just above the surface of guided in the carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 circular ring-shaped material flow 4, where it dips into the water 5, and has its own, arranged directly above it High voltage generator 3, with which it is acted upon in operation with high voltage pulses.
  • only one of the high-voltage electrodes is designated by the reference numeral 12 and only one of the high-voltage generators by the reference numeral 3.
  • each of the high voltage electrodes 12 has its own grounding counter electrode 13.
  • the high voltage electrodes 12 and the associated counter electrodes 13 are each opposite to the material advancing direction with a distance and are each arranged such that in the illustrated as intended Operation by applying the respective high voltage electrode 12 with high voltage pulses Hochwoods maltrade between the high voltage electrode 12 and its associated counter electrode 13 are generated by the material 1 of the material flow 4 therethrough.
  • the high-voltage electrode 12 together with the only associated counter electrode 13 thus forms a claimed pair of electrodes 12, 13th
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show side views of two variants of the high voltage electrode Fig. 5 .
  • Fig. 6 shows a high voltage electrode 12, which differs from the in Fig. 5 shown essentially differs in that it has two identical, mirror-inverted opposite and at their free ends in each case to the high voltage electrode 12 inclined counter electrodes 13.
  • the high-voltage electrode 12 together with the two counter-electrodes 13 thus forms a claim-compliant electrode group 12, 13.
  • Another difference is that this high-voltage electrode 12 has a straight electrode tip.
  • Fig. 7 shows a high voltage electrode 12, which differs from the in Fig. 6 shown essentially differs in that here the in Fig. 6 shown two mirror-inverted counter-electrodes 13 are connected below the high voltage electrode 12 to a single, U-shaped counter electrode 13.
  • the electrodes 12 and counter electrodes 13 are immersed in the material flow.
  • the apparatus comprises a feed conveyor belt 15 arranged in a closed housing 32, with which material 1 to be fragmented, in the present case fragments of noble metal ore rock 1, on the bottom plate 10 of the carousel-like material 1 to be fragmented upstream of the electrode arrangement 2 Facility 9, 10, 11 is abandoned.
  • the height of the material packing 1 guided under the electrode arrangement 2 as a circular ring-segment-shaped material flow 4 is defined by a passage-limiting plate 33 before entry into the region (process zone) formed between the carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 and the electrode arrangement 2.
  • a fixed first baffle 17 Downstream of the electrode assembly 2 is a fixed first baffle 17 which extends from the outer wall 9 of the carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 through a first interruption 23 in the inner wall 11 in a region 7 in the center of the carousel-like device 9, 10th , 11 extends and shown in the intended operation, the material stream 4 emerging from the process zone substantially completely over the first interruption 23 in the inner wall 11 in the central region 7 leads.
  • the bottom of the central region 7 is formed as a flat sieve bottom 8 with a sieve opening size dimensioned so that fragmented material 1a passes through the sieve openings and falls into the funnel 19 below, while material 1b which is larger than the target size , remains on the sieve tray 8.
  • the finished material la shredded to target size is passed from the hopper 19 onto the conveyor belt 20 with which it is transported out of the device.
  • the non-finished processed or not yet shredded to target size material 1b is pushed by the nach Wegende material 1 on the sieve 8 and from a subsequent to the first baffle 17 fixed second baffle 21 via a second interruption 28 in the inner wall 11 from the central Region 7 back into the annular segment-shaped material flow 4, with which it again at a portion of the high voltage electrodes 12 of the electrode assembly. 2 is passed and thereby acted upon with high voltage breakdowns.
  • FIG. 3 which shows a vertical section through part of the first device in the region of the process zone along the line BB in FIG Fig. 1 shows, the bottom plate 10 of the carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 a covered with a wear-inhibiting layer 29 made of rubber on top, on which the material to be processed 1 rests.
  • Fig. 4 shows a plan view of the device in a different mode.
  • the second baffle 21 is here arranged in a position in which it closes the second interruption 28 in the inner wall 11 from the side of the central area 7 and releases an exhaust duct 34, in which the non-finished process resp not yet shredded to target size material 1b, which is pushed by the advancing material 1 on the sieve plate 8, falls into it and then with devices (not shown) is led away from the device.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 show a second inventive device for fragmenting pourable material 1 by means of high-voltage discharges, once in a longitudinal section along the line DD in Fig. 10 ( Fig. 8 ), once in a plan view from above ( Fig. 9 ) and once in a cross section along the line CC in Fig. 8 ( Fig. 10 ).
  • the device has an electrode arrangement 2 with a matrix of high-voltage electrodes 12, which are arranged in four consecutively arranged rows with four electrodes 12 in the direction of passage through the material S (in the figures, for the sake of clarity, only one of each is shown) Electrodes provided with the reference numeral 12).
  • the electrodes 12 are in the illustrated normal operation with one directly over they are arranged high voltage generator 3 applied with high voltage pulses.
  • a conveyor belt 6 by means of which a flow of material from a fragmented bulk material 1, in the present case fragments of ore, from the task side A of Device forth in the direction of material flow S on the electrodes 12 of the electrode assembly 2 is passed while high voltage breakdowns are generated by the material 1 as a result of application of high voltage pulses to the electrode assembly 2.
  • the material 1 of the material flow is immersed in the water 5 located in the basin 16, as well as the electrodes 12 arranged above it.
  • the height of the flow of material is adjusted before entry into the area between the conveyor belt 6 and the electrode assembly 2 (process zone) by a passage-limiting plate 18.
  • the conveyor belt 6 extends in the direction of passage S seen over the entire width of the basin 16, so that the moving material flow covers the entire width of the basin 16.
  • the middle portion of the material flow is applied when passing through the process zone with high voltage breakdowns, which leads to an increasing fragmentation of the material 1 in this area, while the edge regions of the material flow remain virtually untouched by high voltage breakdowns, so that the material 1 guided there original piece remains.
  • the material stream exiting the process zone is separated from the conveyor belt 6 into three of separation walls 22 and side by side across its entire width the collecting conveyor 6 extending collecting funnel 14, 14a, 14b at the end of the basin 16 delivered.
  • the separation walls 22 are arranged such that the fragmented material 1 is discharged from the middle region of the material flow into the central collecting funnel 14, while the unfragmented material 1 is discharged from the edge regions of the material flow into the outer collecting funnels 14a, 14b.
  • the fragmented material 1, which is discharged into the central collecting hopper 14, is conveyed out of the basin 16 by means of a conveyor (not shown) and supplied for further use.
  • the non-fragmented material 1, which is discharged into the outer collecting funnels 14a, 14b, is conveyed out of the basin 16 by means of conveying devices (not shown) and returned to the material flow on the feeding side A of the device.
  • FIG. 6 shows one of the electrodes 12 of the electrode assembly 2 of the device in the side view, each of the high voltage electrodes 12, two identical, mirror images of opposite, at their free ends in each case to the high voltage electrode 12 inclined counter electrodes 13, which are at ground potential and attached to the support structure of the high voltage electrode 12.
  • the high-voltage electrode 12 together with the two counter-electrodes 13 forms a claim-compliant electrode group 12, 13.
  • the high voltage electrodes 12 and the respective associated two counter electrodes 13 are each opposite to the direction Materialvorbecastetti with a distance and immerse in the flow of material.
  • FIGS. 11 to 13 show a third inventive device for fragmenting pourable material 1 by means of high-voltage discharges, once in a longitudinal section along the line EE in Fig. 13 ( Fig. 11 ), once in a plan view from above ( FIG. 12 ) and once in a cross section along the line FF in Fig. 11 ( Fig. 13 ).
  • the device has an electrode arrangement 2 with three high-voltage electrodes 12, which are arranged one behind the other in the material passage direction S.
  • the high voltage electrodes 12 and the associated counter electrodes 13 are as in Fig. 6 shown formed, each face transversely to the Materialvorbei operationsscardi with a distance and immerse in the flow of material.
  • Fig. 12 in which the positions of the respective high voltage electrodes 12 and counter electrodes 13 are shown in dashed lines, these electrode groups 12, 13 in the material passage direction S each have a lateral offset to each other.
  • the high voltage electrodes 12 are acted upon in the illustrated operation as intended, each with a directly above them arranged high voltage generator 3 with high voltage pulses.
  • the material 1 of the material flow in Area of the electrode assembly 2 immersed in the water in the basin 16 5, as well as the electrodes 12 arranged above it, 13, which also dive into the flow of material.
  • process water is removed from the basin 16 via a discharge line 35 arranged at the bottom of the basin 16 and fed to a water treatment plant (not shown), from which treated process water is conveyed back into the basin 16 via supply lines 36, which supply the water in the area of the electrodes 12, 13 inject in the material flow.
  • the material flow is subjected to high voltage breakdowns over substantially its entire width, which leads to a fragmentation of the entire material flow.
  • the angle of inclination of the edge regions of the conveyor belt is adjustable in order to be able to adapt the device optimally to the material to be processed or its piece size. In the region of its ends, the conveyor belt 6 is flat.
  • the material flow emerging from the process zone is led upwards out of the basin 16 by the conveyor belt 6 and subsequently fed to a further utilization or processing step (not shown).
  • FIGS. 16a and 16b show a device according to the invention for fragmenting pourable material 1 by means of high-voltage discharges, once in a longitudinal section along the line GG in Fig. 16a ( Fig. 14 ), once in a plan view from above ( Fig. 15 ) and twice in a cross section along the line HH in Fig. 14 ( FIGS. 16a and 16b ).
  • this system consists of three devices connected in series according to the FIGS. 11 to 13 (Three stages), with the difference that each of the devices in place of the three in the material flow direction S successively arranged and staggered electrode groups 13, 12, 13, each with its own high voltage generator 3 only one centrally positioned electrode group 13, 12, 13, respectively having associated high voltage generator 3.
  • the angle of elevation of the conveyor belt 6 with 15 degrees here is significantly steeper than in the previously described third inventive device according to the FIGS. 11 to 13 , All other details are identical and therefore will not be explained again here.
  • FIGS. 16a and 16b show cross sections through the plant along the line HH in Fig. 14 (but without basin and high voltage generator) at different settings of the inclination angles ⁇ of the edge regions of the conveyor belt 6 shown, namely once at inclination angles ⁇ of 23 degrees ( Fig. 16a ) and once at inclination angles ⁇ of 33 degrees ( Fig. 16b ).
  • FIGS. 17 to 19 show longitudinal sections like Fig. 14 by different variants of one of the devices of the system according to the Figures 14 . 15 . 16a and 16b ,
  • the first device variant according to Fig. 17 is different from the one in Fig. 14 shown device in that the material to be processed is supplied to the task end A of the device via an arranged outside the basin 16 oblique screen surface 37, by means of which fine material with a specific piece size, eg depending on the location of the device within the plant of less than 2 mm, less than 5 mm or less than 8 mm, is screened off before entering this device.
  • the second device variant according to Fig. 18 is different from the one in Fig. 14 shown device in that the material to be processed at the task end A of the device is placed over an arranged within the basin 16 oblique screen surface 38 on the conveyor belt 6 of the device, by means of which fine material with a certain piece size, eg depending on the location of the device within the system smaller than 2 mm, smaller than 5 mm or smaller than 8 mm, within the basin 16 of this device but before entering the process zone.
  • the third device variant according to Fig. 19 consists of a device according to Fig. 18 at the discharge end of which the processed material is discharged onto an inclined screen surface 41, through which the material fragmented to a desired piece size passes through a further conveyor belt 39 arranged below it.
  • the insufficiently fragmented material travels over the screen surface 38 and falls at the end of a conveyor belt 40, with which it is conveyed back to the task end of the device and there again to be processed material stream 1 to.
  • the devices according to the FIGS. 17 to 19 individually also form a device according to the invention.

Description

TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Fragmentierung und/oder Schwächung von schüttfähigem Material mittels Hochspannungsentladungen, eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, eine Anlage umfassend mehrere solche Vorrichtungen sowie eine Verwendung der Vorrichtung oder der Anlage gemäss den Oberbegriffen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche.The invention relates to a method for fragmentation and / or weakening of pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges, a device for carrying out the method, a system comprising a plurality of such devices and a use of the device or system according to the preambles of the independent claims.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Aus dem Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, verschiedenste Materialien mittels gepulster Hochspannungsentladungen zu zerkleinern (fragmentieren) oder derartig zu schwächen, dass diese in einem nachgeschalteten mechanischen Zerkleinerungsprozess einfacher zerkleinert werden können.It is known from the prior art to comminute (fragment) or to weaken various materials by means of pulsed high-voltage discharges in such a way that they can be comminuted more easily in a downstream mechanical comminution process.

Für die Fragmentierung und/oder Schwächung von schüttfähigem Material mittels Hochspannungsentladungen sind heute grundsätzlich zwei verschiedene Prozessarten bekannt.For the fragmentation and / or weakening of pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges, basically two different types of process are known today.

Bei kleinen Materialmengen bzw. strengen Vorgaben betreffend die Reinheit und/oder die Zielkorngrösse des prozessierten Materials erfolgt die Fragmentierung und/oder Schwächung des Materials im Batchbetrieb in einem geschlossenen Prozessgefäss, in welchem Hochspannungsdurchschläge durch das Material erzeugt werden.For small quantities of material or strict specifications regarding the purity and / or the target particle size of the processed material, the fragmentation and / or weakening of the material takes place in batch mode in a closed process vessel in which high-voltage breakdowns are generated by the material.

Bei grossen Materialmengen erfolgt die Fragmentierung und/oder Schwächung des Materials in einem kontinuierlichen Prozess, indem ein Materialstrom aus dem zu zerkleinernden Material an einer oder mehreren Elektroden vorbeigeführt wird und mit diesen Hochspannungsdurchschläge durch das Material erzeugt werden. Dabei erfolgt der Materialtransport an den Elektroden vorbei entweder mittels Schwerkraftförderung oder mittels einer Fördereinrichtung, weiche gleichzeitig als Gegenelektrode zu einer oder mehreren Hochspannungselektroden dient. Im erstgenannten Fall ergibt sich das Problem, dass der Materialstrom bzw. die Verweildauer des Materials in der Prozesszone nur sehr begrenzt einstellbar ist und stark von der Stückgrösse der Materialien abhängt. Im letztgenannten Fall ergibt sich der entscheidende Nachteil, dass sehr aufwendige, zumindest im Bereich der Prozesszone elektrisch leitende Fördereinrichtungen benötigt werden, welche teuer sind und zudem einem starken Verschleiss unterliegen.In the case of large amounts of material, the fragmentation and / or weakening of the material takes place in a continuous process by passing a stream of material from the material to be comminuted past one or more electrodes and with these high-voltage breakdowns generated by the material. In this case, the material is transported past the electrodes either by gravity or by means of a conveyor, which simultaneously serves as a counter electrode to one or more high voltage electrodes. In the former case, the problem arises that the material flow or the residence time of the material in the process zone is only very limited adjustable and strongly depends on the piece size of the materials. In the latter case, the decisive disadvantage arises that very expensive, at least in the process zone electrically conductive conveyors are needed, which are expensive and also subject to heavy wear.

Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist aus der JP2003154286 bekannt.Such a device is known from JP2003154286 known.

DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Es stellt sich deshalb die Aufgabe, kontinuierliche Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Fragmentierung und/oder Schwächung grosser Mengen von schüttfähigem Material mittels Hochspannungsentladungen zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche die zuvor erwähnten Nachteile des Standes der Technik nicht aufweisen oder zumindest teilweise vermeiden.It is therefore an object to provide continuous methods and apparatus for fragmenting and / or weakening large quantities of pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges available, which do not have the disadvantages of the prior art mentioned or at least partially avoided.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Gegenstände der unabhängigen Patentansprüche gelöst.This object is solved by the subject matters of the independent claims.

Gemäss diesen betrifft ein erster Aspekt der Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Fragmentierung und/oder Schwächung von schüttfähigem Material, insbesondere von Schlacke aus der Müllverbrennung, mittels Hochspannungsentladungen.According to these, a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for fragmenting and / or weakening pourable material, in particular slag from waste incineration, by means of high-voltage discharges.

Dabei wird ein Materialstrom aus dem zu fragmentierenden bzw. zu schwächenden Material, eingetaucht in einer Prozessflüssigkeit, mittels einer den Materialstrom tragenden Fördereinrichtung an einer Elektroden-Anordnung mit einer oder mehreren Hochspannungselektroden und diesen Hochspannungselektroden zugeordneten Gegenelektroden vorbeigeführt, während durch Beaufschlagung der Elektroden-Anordnung mit Hochspannungspulsen mit Hilfe eines oder mehrerer Hochspannungsgeneratoren Hochspannungsdurchschläge zwischen den Hochspannungselektroden und den zugeordneten Gegenelektroden durch das Material des Materialstromes hindurch erzeugt werden.In this case, a material flow from the material to be fragmented or weakened, immersed in a process liquid, by means of a material flow carrying conveyor on an electrode assembly with one or more high voltage electrodes and these high voltage electrodes associated counter-electrodes passed while being acted upon the high-voltage pulse electrode assembly by means of one or more high-voltage generators high-voltage breakdowns between the high-voltage electrodes and the associated counter-electrodes are generated by the material flow material.

Die Hochspannungselektroden und die diesen zugeordneten Gegenelektroden sind dabei von oben in die Prozessflüssigkeit eingetaucht und diejenigen dieser Elektroden, zwischen denen die Hochspannungsdurchschläge erzeugt werden, stehen sich jeweils quer zur Materialvorbeiführungsrichtung mit einem Elektrodenabstand gegenüber.The high-voltage electrodes and the counter electrodes associated therewith are immersed in the process fluid from above, and those of these electrodes between which the high-voltage breakdowns are produced face each other transversely to the material advancing direction with an electrode spacing.

Auf diese Weise wird es möglich, ein kontinuierliches Verfahren zur Fragmentierung und/oder Schwächung grosser Mengen schüttfähigen Materials zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei welchem die Verweildauer des Materials in der Prozesszone in weiten Bereichen und praktisch unabhängig von der Stückgrösse der Materialien eingestellt werden kann und zugleich auf aufwendige, zumindest im Bereich der Prozesszone elektrisch leitende Fördereinrichtungen, welche teuer sind und zudem einem starken Verschleiss unterliegen, verzichtet werden kann.In this way it becomes possible to provide a continuous process for the fragmentation and / or weakening of large quantities of free-flowing material, in which the residence time of the material in the process zone can be adjusted within wide limits and practically independent of the piece size of the materials and at the same time complicated, at least in the process zone electrically conductive conveyors, which are expensive and also subject to heavy wear, can be dispensed with.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens stehen die Hochspannungselektroden und die Gegenelektroden, zwischen denen die Hochspannungsdurchschläge erzeugt werden, mit dem Materialstrom in Kontakt.In a preferred embodiment of the method, the high-voltage electrodes and the counterelectrodes, between which the high-voltage breakdowns are generated, are in contact with the material flow.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens sind sie sogar in den Materialstrom eingetaucht.In a further preferred embodiment of the method, they are even immersed in the material flow.

Je nach Material und Stückgrösse des zu fragmentierenden Materials und/oder nach Art bzw. Qualität der Prozessflüssigkeit kann die eine oder die andere Ausführungsform bevorzugter sein.Depending on the material and size of the material to be fragmented and / or on the type or quality of the process fluid, one or the other embodiment may be more preferable.

Gemäss einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird der Materialstrom aus Materialstücken gebildet, welche eine bestimmte maximale Stückgrösse nicht überschreiten, bevorzugterweise eine maximale Stückgrösse im Bereich zwischen 40 mm und 80 mm aufweisen.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method, the material flow is formed from pieces of material which do not exceed a certain maximum piece size, preferably one maximum piece size in the range between 40 mm and 80 mm.

Dabei ist es bevorzugt, dass der Elektrodenabstand jeweils grösser ist als diese maximale Stückgrösse. Hierdurch ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass die Materialstücke bei in den Materialstrom eingetauchten Elektroden zwischen diesen hindurch wandern können, wodurch eine besonders intensive Beaufschlagung der Materialstücke mit den Hochspannungsdurchschlägen möglich wird. Auch wird es hierdurch relativ einfach möglich, den Materialstrom im Wesentlichen über seine gesamte Breite mit Hochspannungsdurchschlägen zu beaufschlagen, was ebenfalls bevorzugt ist.It is preferred that the electrode spacing is greater in each case than this maximum piece size. This results in the advantage that the pieces of material can migrate between them when immersed in the material flow electrodes, whereby a particularly intensive loading of the pieces of material with the high voltage breakdowns is possible. Also, this makes it relatively easy to apply the material flow substantially over its entire width with high voltage breakdowns, which is also preferred.

Weiter ist es dabei bevorzugt, dass der Abstand der Elektroden zur Unterseite des Materialstroms, d.h. zur Oberseite der den Materialstrom tragenden Fördereinrichtung, grösser ist als diese maximale Stückgrösse. Hierdurch ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass die Materialstücke bei mit dem Materialstrom in Kontakt stehenden Elektroden oder in den Materialstrom eingetauchten Elektroden nicht zwischen der Oberseite der Fördervorrichtung und den Elektroden eingeklemmt werden können, wodurch die Betriebssicherheit und Lebensdauer der Vorrichtung deutlich verbessert wird.Further, it is preferred that the distance of the electrodes to the bottom of the material flow, i. to the top of the material flow carrying conveyor, is greater than this maximum piece size. This results in the advantage that the pieces of material can not be trapped between the upper side of the conveying device and the electrodes when the electrodes are in contact with the flow of material or are immersed in the flow of material, whereby the operational safety and service life of the device is markedly improved.

In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird das Material des Materialstromes oder ein Teil davon stromabwärts von der Elektroden-Anordnung in Grobmaterial mit einer Stückgrösse grösser einer gewünschten Zielgrösse und in Feinmaterial mit einer Stückgrösse kleiner oder gleich der gewünschten Zielgrösse aufgeteilt.In yet another preferred embodiment of the method, the material of the material stream or a portion thereof is divided downstream of the electrode assembly into coarse material having a size greater than a desired target size and fine material having a size less than or equal to the desired target size.

Dabei ist es weiter bevorzugt, dass das Grobmaterial stromaufwärts von der Elektroden-Anordnung wieder in den Materialstrom zugeführt wird, um erneut an der Elektrodenanordnung vorbeigeführt und fragmentiert bzw. geschwächt zu werden, oder dass das Grobmaterial einem weiteren Fragmentierungs- oder Schwächungsverfahren unterzogen wird, insbesondere einem weiteren Verfahren gemäss diesem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung, um weiter zerkleinert bzw. geschwächt zu werden.In this case, it is further preferred that the coarse material upstream of the electrode arrangement is returned to the material flow in order to be redirected past the electrode arrangement and fragmented or weakened, or that the coarse material is subjected to a further fragmentation or weakening process is, in particular a further method according to this first aspect of the invention to be further crushed or weakened.

In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens kommt eine Fördereinrichtung zum Einsatz, welche zumindest in dem Bereich, in welchem sie den Materialstrom an der Elektroden-Anordnung vorbeiführt, im Querschnitt gesehen rinnenförmig, bevorzugterweise V-förmig ausgebildet ist. Hierdurch ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass das schüttfähige Material von den Seitenbereichen in die Mitte geführt werden kann und dadurch eine im Wesentlichen vollständige Beaufschlagung des Materialstromes über seine gesamte Breite mit Hochspannungsdurchschlägen vereinfacht wird.In yet another preferred embodiment of the method, a conveying device is used which, viewed in cross-section, is designed to be channel-shaped, preferably V-shaped, at least in the region in which it passes the material flow past the electrode arrangement. This results in the advantage that the pourable material can be guided from the side areas in the middle, thereby simplifying a substantially complete loading of the material flow over its entire width with high voltage breakdowns.

Mit Vorteil wird der Materialstrom mittels eines biegsamen, elektrisch nicht leitenden Förderbands an der Elektroden-Anordnung vorbeigeführt wird, dessen Randbereiche in dem Bereich, in welchem es den Materialstrom an der Elektroden-Anordnung vorbeiführt, nach oben gewölbt sind. Derartige Förderbänder sind robust, wartungsarm und kommerziell in verschiedensten Ausführungen und Grössen erhältlich. Die Neigungen der Randbereiche des Förderbandes werden bevorzugterweise zur Optimierung des jeweiligen Prozesses eingestellt. An seinen Enden ist das Förderband bevorzugterweise eben, damit eine möglichst geringe Dehnung der Randbereiche erforderlich ist.Advantageously, the material flow is guided past the electrode arrangement by means of a flexible, electrically non-conductive conveyor belt whose edge regions are curved upward in the region in which it passes the material flow past the electrode arrangement. Such conveyor belts are robust, low-maintenance and commercially available in a variety of designs and sizes. The inclinations of the edge regions of the conveyor belt are preferably set to optimize the respective process. At its ends, the conveyor belt is preferably flat so that the lowest possible elongation of the edge areas is required.

Dabei ist es weiter bevorzugt, dass der Materialstrom stromabwärts von dem Bereich, in welchem er mit dem Förderband an der Elektroden-Anordnung vorbeigeführt wird und dort mittels Hochspannungsdurchschlägen fragmentiert bzw. geschwächt wird, mit dem Förderband aufwärts gefördert wird, bevorzugterweise derart, dass er mit dem Förderband aus der Prozessflüssigkeit herausgeführt wird. Auf diese Weise kann auf aufwendige zusätzliche Vorrichtungen zur Entnahme des prozessierten Materials aus der Prozessflüssigkeit verzichtet werden.It is further preferred that the stream of material downstream of the region in which it is passed with the conveyor belt on the electrode assembly and there is fragmented by means of high voltage breakdown, is conveyed upwards with the conveyor belt, preferably such that it the conveyor belt is led out of the process liquid. In this way can be dispensed with expensive additional devices for removal of the processed material from the process liquid.

Besonders einfach und kostengünstig lässt sich dies dadurch bewerkstelligen, dass ein gerades Förderband verwendet wird, welches in Materialvorbeiführungsrichtung des Materialstromes an der Elektroden-Anordnung ansteigt, insbesondere mit einem Anstiegswinkel zwischen 10 und 35 Grad.This can be achieved in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner by using a straight conveyor belt which rises in the material advancing direction of the material flow at the electrode arrangement, in particular with a rise angle between 10 and 35 degrees.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird der mit dem Förderband aufwärts geförderte Materialstrom vom Abgabeende des Förderbands, bevorzugterweise über eine Vorrichtung zum Absieben von auf eine bestimmte Zielgrösse zerkleinerten Materialstücken, auf ein darunter liegendes Aufgabeende eines weiteren Förderbandes aufgegeben, mit welchem er einem weiteren Fragmentierungs- und/oder Schwächungsverfahren zugeführt wird, insbesondere gemäss diesem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung. Entsprechend ist das beschriebene Verfahren dann Teil eines mehrstufigen Fragmentierungs- und/oder Schwächungsverfahrens.In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the material flow conveyed upward with the conveyor belt is fed from the delivery end of the conveyor belt, preferably via a device for screening pieces of material comminuted to a certain target size, to an underlying delivery end of a further conveyor belt with which it further fragmentation - And / or weakening method is supplied, in particular according to this first aspect of the invention. Accordingly, the method described is then part of a multi-stage fragmentation and / or attenuation method.

Bevorzugterweise kommt bei dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren eine Elektroden-Anordnung zum Einsatz, welche mehrere Elektrodenpaare oder Elektrodengruppen umfasst, wobei jedem Elektrodenpaar bzw. jeder Elektrodengruppe ein eigener Hochspannungsgenerator zugeordnet ist, mit welchem ausschliesslich dieses Paar bzw. diese Gruppe, mit Vorteil unabhängig von den anderen Elektrodenpaaren oder Elektrodengruppen, mit Hochspannungspulsen beaufschlagt wird. Hierdurch wird eine besonders intensive Beaufschlagung des an der Elektroden-Anordnung vorbeigeführten Materialstromes möglich.Preferably, in the method according to the invention, an electrode arrangement is used which comprises a plurality of electrode pairs or electrode groups, wherein each electrode pair or each electrode group is assigned its own high voltage generator, with which exclusively this pair or this group, with advantage independently of the other electrode pairs or electrode groups, with high voltage pulses is applied. As a result, a particularly intensive loading of the past on the electrode assembly material flow is possible.

Unter einem Elektrodenpaar wird hier eine Kombination aus einer Hochspannungselektrode, welche mit dem Hochspannungsgenerator mit Hochspannungspulsen beaufschlagt wird, und einer einzigen dieser Hochspannungselektrode zugeordneten Gegenelektrode, zwischen welchen Elektroden die Hochspannungsdurchschläge stattfinden, verstanden.Under a pair of electrodes is here a combination of a high voltage electrode, which is acted upon by the high voltage generator with high voltage pulses, and a single said high voltage electrode associated counter electrode between which electrodes take place the high voltage breakdowns understood.

Unter einer Elektrodengruppe wird hier eine Kombination aus einer Hochspannungselektrode, welche mit dem Hochspannungsgenerator mit Hochspannungspulsen beaufschlagt wird, und mehreren dieser Hochspannungselektrode zugeordneten Gegenelektroden, zwischen welchen Elektroden die Hochspannungsdurchschläge stattfinden, verstanden, wobei üblicherweise der jeweilige Hochspannungsdurchschlag zwischen der Hochspannungselektrode und derjenigen der Gegenelektroden stattfindet, zwischen denen gerade die günstigsten Durchschlagbedingungen vorliegen.An electrode group is here understood to mean a combination of a high-voltage electrode which is subjected to high-voltage pulses with the high-voltage generator and a plurality of counter electrodes associated with this high-voltage electrode, between which electrodes the high-voltage breakdowns take place, wherein the respective high-voltage breakdown usually takes place between the high-voltage electrode and that of the counterelectrodes, between which the most favorable breakdown conditions are present.

In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird der Materialstrom aus Materialstücken gebildet oder enthält Materialstücke, welche einen Verbund aus metallischen und nicht-metallischen Materialien bilden, wie dies z.B. bei Schlackenstücken aus der Müllverbrennung der Fall ist. Bei der Fragmentierung bzw. Schwächung derartiger Materialien mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren treten die Vorteile der Erfindung besonders deutlich zu Tage und es ergibt sich als weiterer Vorteil, dass die Anforderungen an die Qualität der Prozessflüssigkeit, zumeist Wasser, sehr gering sind, wodurch die Kosten für die Prozessflüssigkeitsaufbereitung äusserst gering sind.In yet another preferred embodiment of the method, the material stream is formed from pieces of material or contains pieces of material which form a composite of metallic and non-metallic materials, as e.g. in slag pieces from waste incineration is the case. In the fragmentation or weakening of such materials with the inventive method, the advantages of the invention come to light and it proves to be a further advantage that the demands on the quality of the process liquid, mostly water, are very low, whereby the cost of the Process liquid processing are extremely low.

Entsprechend ist es bei derartigen Verfahren von Vorteil, dass Verfahren mit einer Prozessflüssigkeit durchzuführen, welche eine Leitfähigkeit von mehr als 500 µS/cm aufweist.Accordingly, it is advantageous in such processes to carry out the process with a process liquid which has a conductivity of more than 500 μS / cm.

Dabei wird das aus dem Verfahren hervorgehende prozessierte Material bevorzugterweise aufgeteilt in metallisches Material und nicht-metallisches Material, und zwar mit Vorteil in ferromagnetische Metalle, nichtferromagnetische Metalle und nicht-metallisches Material. Auf diese Weise wird eine Wiederverwertung bzw. selektive Entsorgung der Bestandteile des prozessierten Materials vereinfacht.In this case, the processed material resulting from the process is preferably divided into metallic material and non-metallic material, advantageously with ferromagnetic metals, non-ferromagnetic metals and non-metallic material. In this way, a recycling or selective disposal of the components of the processed material is simplified.

Zur Erzeugung der Hochspannungsdurchschläge durch den Materialstrom wird die Elektroden-Anordnung bevorzugterweise mit Hochspannungspulsen im Bereich zwischen 100 KV und 300 KV, insbesondere im Bereich zwischen 150 KV und 200 KV beaufschlagt, wobei bevorzugterweise die Leistung pro Puls zwischen 100 Joule und 1000 Joule, insbesondere zwischen 300 Joule und 750 Joule liegt. Die Hochspannungspuls-Frequenzen liegen bevorzugterweise im Bereich zwischen 0.5 Hz und 40 Hz, insbesondere im Bereich zwischen 5 Hz und 20 Hz, und der Materialstrom wird beim Vorbeiführen an der Elektroden-Anordnung pro Millimeter seiner Erstreckung in Vorbeiführungsrichtung bevorzugterweise mit 0.1 bis 2.0, insbesondere mit 0.5 bis 1.0 Hochspannungsdurchschlägen beaufschlagt.To generate the high-voltage breakdowns by the material flow, the electrode arrangement is preferably with high voltage pulses in the range between 100 KV and 300 KV, in particular in the range between 150 KV and 200 KV applied, wherein preferably the power per pulse between 100 joules and 1000 joules, in particular between 300 joules and 750 joules. The high-voltage pulse frequencies are preferably in the range between 0.5 Hz and 40 Hz, in particular in the range between 5 Hz and 20 Hz, and the material flow is when passing the electrode assembly per millimeter of its extension in the direction Vorbeiführungsrichtung preferably 0.1 to 2.0, in particular 0.5 to 1.0 applied to high voltage breakdowns.

Ein zweiter Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäss dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung.A second aspect of the invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the first aspect of the invention.

Die Vorrichtung umfasst eine Elektroden-Anordnung mit einer oder mehreren Hochspannungselektroden und diesen zugeordneten Gegenelektroden. Ihre Hochspannungselektroden sind mit einem oder mehreren Hochspannungsgeneratoren mit Hochspannungspulsen beaufschlagbar.The device comprises an electrode arrangement with one or more high-voltage electrodes and associated counterelectrodes. Their high-voltage electrodes can be acted upon by high-voltage pulses with one or more high-voltage generators.

Weiter umfasst die Vorrichtung eine Fördereinrichtung, bevorzugterweise in Form eines Förderbands oder einer Förderkette, welche zumindest zum Teil in einem mit einer Prozessflüssigkeit, insbesondere Wasser, befüllten oder befüllbaren Becken angeordnet ist und mit welcher im bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb ein Materialstrom aus einem schüttfähigen zu fragmentierenden und/oder zu schwächenden Material, eingetaucht in eine Prozessflüssigkeit, an der Elektroden-Anordnung vorbeigeführt werden kann, während Hochspannungsdurchschläge durch den Materialstrom durch Beaufschlagung der Elektroden der Elektroden-Anordnung mit Hochspannungspulsen erzeugt werden.Furthermore, the device comprises a conveying device, preferably in the form of a conveyor belt or a conveyor chain, which is arranged at least partially in a tank filled or to be filled with a process fluid, in particular water, and with which a material flow from a free-flowing fragmented and / or or material to be debunked, immersed in a process fluid, past the electrode assembly while high voltage breakdowns are generated by the material flow by applying high voltage pulses to the electrodes of the electrode assembly.

Dabei ist die Vorrichtung derartig ausgebildet, dass im bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb die Elektroden der Elektroden-Anordnung von oben in die Prozessflüssigkeit eingetaucht sind und diejenigen dieser Elektroden, zwischen denen die Hochspannungsdurchschläge erzeugt werden, sich jeweils quer zur Materialvorbeiführungsrichtung mit einem Elektrodenabstand gegenüber stehen.In this case, the device is designed such that, during normal operation, the electrodes of the electrode arrangement are immersed in the process fluid from above and those of these electrodes between which the high-voltage breakdowns are generated, are each opposite to the Materialvorbeiführungsrichtung with an electrode spacing.

Mit der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung ist es auf einfache Weise möglich, das Verfahren gemäss dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung mit den bereits dargelegten Vorteilen durchzuführen.With the device according to the invention, it is possible in a simple manner to carry out the method according to the first aspect of the invention with the advantages already explained.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Vorrichtung derartig ausgebildet, dass im bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb die Hochspannungselektroden und die Gegenelektroden, zwischen denen die Hochspannungsdurchschläge erzeugt werden, mit dem Materialstrom in Kontakt stehen oder sogar in diesen eingetaucht sind.In a preferred embodiment, the device is designed such that in normal operation, the high voltage electrodes and the counter electrodes, between which the high voltage breakdowns are generated, are in contact with the material flow or even immersed in it.

Je nach Material und Stückgrösse des zu fragmentierenden Materials und/oder nach Art bzw. Qualität der Prozessflüssigkeit kann die eine oder die andere Ausführungsform bevorzugter sein.Depending on the material and size of the material to be fragmented and / or on the type or quality of the process fluid, one or the other embodiment may be more preferable.

Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung ist der Abstand zwischen den Elektroden, zwischen denen Hochspannungsdurchschläge erzeugt werden, jeweils grösser 40 mm, noch bevorzugter jeweils grösser 80 mm. Hierdurch ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass entsprechend grosse Materialstücke bei in den Materialstrom eingetauchten Elektroden zwischen diesen hindurch wandern können, wodurch eine besonders intensive Beaufschlagung der Materialstücke mit den Hochspannungsdurchschlägen möglich wird. Auch wird es hierdurch möglich, die Vorrichtung auf einfache Weise derartig auszubilden, dass der Materialstrom im Wesentlichen über seine gesamte Breite mit Hochspannungsdurchschlägen beaufschlagt werden kann, was ebenfalls bevorzugt ist.In a further preferred embodiment of the device, the distance between the electrodes, between which high-voltage breakdowns are generated, is in each case greater than 40 mm, more preferably in each case greater than 80 mm. This results in the advantage that correspondingly large pieces of material can migrate between the electrodes immersed in the material flow, whereby a particularly intensive loading of the pieces of material with the high-voltage breakdowns becomes possible. This also makes it possible to form the device in a simple manner such that the material flow can be subjected to high-voltage breakdowns essentially over its entire width, which is likewise preferred.

In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Vorrichtung stromabwärts von der Elektrodenanordnung Einrichtungen auf, insbesondere Siebeinrichtungen, mit denen das prozessierte Material des Materialstromes oder ein Teil davon aufgeteilt werden kann in Grobmaterial mit einer Stückgrösse grösser einer gewünsehten Zielgrösse und in Feinmaterial mit einer Stückgrösse kleiner oder gleich der gewünschten Zielgrösse.In yet another preferred embodiment, the apparatus has downstream of the electrode assembly means, in particular screening devices, with which the processed material of the material stream or a part thereof can be divided into coarse material with a size greater than a gewünsehten Target size and in fine material with a piece size less than or equal to the desired target size.

In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung umfasst die Elektroden-Anordnung mehrere Elektrodenpaare oder Elektrodengruppen. Dabei ist jedem Elektrodenpaar bzw. jeder Elektrodengruppe ein eigener Hochspannungsgenerator zugeordnet, mit welchem ausschliesslich dieses Elektrodenpaar bzw. diese Elektrodengruppe im bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb mit Hochspannungspulsen beaufschlagt werden kann. Hierdurch wird eine besonders intensive Beaufschlagung des an der Elektroden-Anordnung vorbeigeführten Materialstromes möglich.In yet another preferred embodiment of the device, the electrode arrangement comprises a plurality of electrode pairs or electrode groups. In this case, each electrode pair or each electrode group is assigned its own high-voltage generator, with which only this electrode pair or this electrode group can be acted upon during normal operation with high-voltage pulses. As a result, a particularly intensive loading of the past on the electrode assembly material flow is possible.

Unter einem Elektrodenpaar wird hier eine Kombination aus einer Hochspannungselektrode, welche im bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb mit dem zugeordneten Hochspannungsgenerator mit Hochspannungspulsen beaufschlagt wird, und einer einzigen dieser Hochspannungselektrode zugeordneten Gegenelektrode, zwischen welchen Elektroden im bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb die Hochspannungsdurchschläge stattfinden, verstanden.Under a pair of electrodes here is a combination of a high voltage electrode, which is acted upon in normal operation with the associated high voltage generator with high voltage pulses, and a single of these high voltage electrode associated counter electrode, between which electrodes take place during normal operation, the high voltage breakdowns understood.

Unter einer Elektrodengruppe wird hier eine Kombination aus einer Hochspannungselektrode, welche im bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb mit dem zugeordneten Hochspannungsgenerator mit Hochspannungspulsen beaufschlagt wird, und mehreren dieser Hochspannungselektrode zugeordneten Gegenelektroden, zwischen welchen Elektroden im bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb die Hochspannungsdurchschläge stattfinden, verstanden, wobei üblicherweise der jeweilige Hochspannungsdurchschlag zwischen der Hochspannungselektrode und derjenigen der Gegenelektroden stattfindet, zwischen denen gerade die günstigsten Durchschlagbedingungen vorliegen.An electrode group is understood here to mean a combination of a high-voltage electrode, which is subjected to high-voltage pulses during normal operation with the associated high-voltage generator, and a plurality of counterelectrodes assigned to this high-voltage electrode, between which electrodes the high-voltage breakdowns take place during normal operation, wherein the respective high-voltage breakdown between the electrodes usually occurs High voltage electrode and that of the counter electrodes takes place, between which are the most favorable breakdown conditions.

In noch einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung ist die Fördereinrichtung zumindest in dem Bereich, in welchem sie den Materialstrom an der Elektroden-Anordnung vorbeiführt, im Querschnitt gesehen rinnenförmig, bevorzugterweise V-förmig ausgebildet. Hierdurch ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass das schüttfähige Material von den Seitenbereichen in die Mitte geführt werden kann und dadurch eine im Wesentlichen vollständige Beaufschlagung des Materialstromes über seine gesamte Breite mit Hochspannungsdurchschlägen vereinfacht wird.In yet another preferred embodiment of the device, the conveyor is at least in the region in which it passes the material flow past the electrode assembly, seen in cross-section groove-shaped, preferably V-shaped. This results in the advantage that the pourable material can be guided from the side areas in the middle, thereby simplifying a substantially complete loading of the material flow over its entire width with high voltage breakdowns.

Mit Vorteil umfasst die Fördereinrichtung dabei ein biegsames, elektrisch nicht leitendes Förderband, mit welchem der Materialstrom im bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb an der Elektroden-Anordnung vorbeigeführt wird, dessen Randbereiche in dem Bereich, in welchem es den Materialstrom an der Elektroden- Anordnung vorbeiführt, nach oben gewölbt sind. Derartige Förderbänder sind robust, wartungsarm und kommerziell in verschiedensten Ausführungen und Grössen erhältlich. Die Neigungen der Randbereiche des Förderbandes sind bevorzugterweise zur Optimierung des jeweiligen Prozesses einstellbar. An seinen Enden ist das Förderband bevorzugterweise eben, damit eine möglichst geringe Dehnung der Randbereiche resultiert.Advantageously, the conveyor thereby comprises a flexible, electrically non-conductive conveyor belt, with which the material flow is passed in the intended operation of the electrode assembly whose edge regions in the area in which it passes the material flow past the electrode assembly, curved upwards are. Such conveyor belts are robust, low-maintenance and commercially available in a variety of designs and sizes. The inclinations of the edge regions of the conveyor belt are preferably adjustable to optimize the respective process. At its ends, the conveyor belt is preferably flat so that the smallest possible elongation of the edge regions results.

Bevorzugterweise umfasst die Fördereinrichtung der Vorrichtung ein Förderband, welches derartig ausgestaltet ist, dass im bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb der Materialstrom stromabwärts von dem Bereich, in welchem er mit dem Förderband an der Elektroden-Anordnung vorbeigeführt wird und dort mittels Hochspannungsdurchschlägen fragmentiert bzw. geschwächt wird, mit dem Förderband aufwärts gefördert wird, bevorzugterweise derart, dass er mit dem Förderband aus der Prozessflüssigkeit herausgeführt wird. Auf diese Weise kann auf aufwendige zusätzliche Vorrichtungen zur Entnahme des prozessierten Materials aus der Prozessflüssigkeit verzichtet werden.Preferably, the conveyor of the device comprises a conveyor belt, which is designed such that during normal operation of the material flow downstream of the area in which it is passed with the conveyor belt on the electrode assembly and is fragmented there by high voltage breakdowns or weakened, with the Conveyor belt is conveyed upward, preferably such that it is led out with the conveyor belt from the process liquid. In this way can be dispensed with expensive additional devices for removal of the processed material from the process liquid.

Besonders einfach und kostengünstig lässt sich dies dadurch bewerkstelligen, dass ein gerades Förderband zum Einsatz kommt, welches in Materialvorbeiführungsrichtung des Materialstromes ansteigt, insbesondere mit einem Anstiegswinkel zwischen 10 und 35 Grad.This can be achieved in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner by using a straight conveyor belt which rises in the material advancing direction of the material flow, in particular with a rise angle between 10 and 35 degrees.

Ein dritter Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft eine mehrstufige Anlage zum Fragmentieren und/oder Schwächen von schüttfähigem Material, umfassend mehrere in Materialförderrichtung hintereinander geschaltete Vorrichtungen gemäss dem zweiten Aspekt der Erfindung.A third aspect of the invention relates to a multi-stage plant for fragmenting and / or weakening pourable material, comprising a plurality of devices connected in series in the material conveying direction according to the second aspect of the invention.

Die Anlage ist derartig aufgebaut, dass im bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb der Anlage ein Materialstrom, welcher mit dem Förderband einer ersten der Vorrichtungen aufwärts gefördert wird, vom Abgabeende dieses Förderbands, bevorzugterweise über eine Einrichtung zum Absieben von auf eine bestimmte Zielgrösse zerkleinerten Materialstücken, auf das darunter liegende Aufgabeende des Förderbandes einer in Materialförderrichtung auf diese erste der Vorrichtungen folgende zweite der Vorrichtungen aufgegeben wird, mit welchem er an der Elektroden-Anordnung dieser zweiten der Vorrichtungen vorbeigeführt und dabei weiter fragmentiert und/oder geschwächt wird.The plant is constructed in such a way that, in the normal operation of the plant, a material flow which is conveyed upwards by the conveyor belt of a first of the devices, from the discharge end of this conveyor belt, preferably via a device for screening pieces of material comminuted to a certain target size on the underlying Task end of the conveyor belt is placed in a direction of material delivery to this first of the devices following second of the devices, with which it passes the electrode assembly of this second of the devices and thereby further fragmented and / or weakened.

Mit derartigen mehrstufigen Anlagen lassen sich grosse Materialmengen prozessieren.With such multi-stage systems, large amounts of material can be processed.

Ein vierter Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung der Vorrichtung gemäss dem zweiten Aspekt der Erfindung oder der Anlage gemäss dem dritten Aspekt der Erfindung für die Fragmentierung und/oder Schwächung von Materialstücken, welche einen Verbund aus nicht-metallischen und metallischen Materialien bilden, bevorzugterweise von Schlackenstücken aus der Müllverbrennung.A fourth aspect of the invention relates to the use of the device according to the second aspect of the invention or the device according to the third aspect of the invention for the fragmentation and / or weakening of pieces of material which form a composite of non-metallic and metallic materials, preferably slag pieces from the waste incineration.

Bei derartigen Verwendungen treten die Vorteile der Erfindung besonders deutlich zu Tage.In such uses, the benefits of the invention are particularly evident.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Weitere Ausgestaltungen, Vorteile und Anwendungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen und aus der nun folgenden Beschreibung anhand der Figuren. Dabei zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine erste erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung in einer ersten Betriebsart;
  • Fig. 2 einen Vertikalschnitt durch die erste Vorrichtung entlang der Linie A-A in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 einen Vertikalschnitt durch die erste Vorrichtung entlang der Linie B-B in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf die erste Vorrichtung in einer zweiten Betriebsart;
  • Fig. 5 eine Seitenansicht einer der Elektroden der Elektroden-Anordnung der Vorrichtung aus Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 6 eine Seitenansicht einer ersten Variante der Hochspannungselektrode aus Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 eine Seitenansicht einer zweiten Variante der Hochspannungselektrode aus Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 8 einen Längsschnitt entlang der Linie D-D in Fig. 10 durch eine zweite erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung;
  • Fig. 9 eine Draufsicht von oben auf die Vorrichtung aus Fig. 8;
  • Fig. 10 einen Querschnitt durch die Vorrichtung entlang der Linie C-C in Fig. 8;
  • Fig. 11 einen Längsschnitt entlang der Linie E-E in Fig. 13 durch eine dritte erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung;
  • Fig. 12 eine Draufsicht von oben auf die Vorrichtung aus Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 13 einen Querschnitt durch die Vorrichtung entlang der Linie F-F in Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 14 einen Längsschnitt entlang der Linie G-G in Fig. 16a durch eine erfindungsgemässe Anlage;
  • Fig. 15 eine Draufsicht von oben auf die Anlage aus Fig. 14;
  • die Figuren 16a und 16b Querschnitte durch die Anlage entlang der Linie H-H in Fig. 14; und
  • die Figuren 17 bis 19 Längsschnitte wie Fig. 14 durch verschiedene Varianten einzelner Vorrichtung der Anlage aus Fig. 14.
Further embodiments, advantages and applications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the following description with reference to FIGS. Showing:
  • Fig. 1 a plan view of a first inventive device in a first mode;
  • Fig. 2 a vertical section through the first device along the line AA in Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 3 a vertical section through the first device along the line BB in Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 4 a plan view of the first device in a second mode;
  • Fig. 5 a side view of one of the electrodes of the electrode assembly of the device Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 6 a side view of a first variant of the high voltage electrode Fig. 5 ;
  • Fig. 7 a side view of a second variant of the high voltage electrode Fig. 5 ,
  • Fig. 8 a longitudinal section along the line DD in Fig. 10 by a second device according to the invention;
  • Fig. 9 a top view of the device from above Fig. 8 ;
  • Fig. 10 a cross section through the device along the line CC in Fig. 8 ;
  • Fig. 11 a longitudinal section along the line EE in Fig. 13 by a third device according to the invention;
  • Fig. 12 a top view of the device from above Fig. 11 ;
  • Fig. 13 a cross section through the device along the line FF in Fig. 11 ;
  • Fig. 14 a longitudinal section along the line GG in Fig. 16a by a system according to the invention;
  • Fig. 15 a top view from the top of the plant Fig. 14 ;
  • the FIGS. 16a and 16b Cross sections through the plant along the line HH in Fig. 14 ; and
  • the FIGS. 17 to 19 Longitudinal cuts like Fig. 14 by different variants of individual device of the plant Fig. 14 ,

WEGE ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGWAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Die Figuren 1 bis 3 zeigen eine erste erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung zum Fragmentieren von schüttfähigem Material 1 mittels Hochspannungsentladungen, einmal in einer Draufsicht von oben (Fig. 1), einmal in einem Vertikalschnitt entlang der Linie A-A in Fig. 1 (Fig. 2) und einmal in einem Teil-Vertikalschnitt entlang der Linie B-B in Fig. 1 (Fig. 3).The FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first device according to the invention for fragmenting pourable material 1 by means of high-voltage discharges, once in a plan view from above ( Fig. 1 ), once in a vertical section along the line AA in Fig. 1 ( Fig. 2 ) and once in a partial vertical section along the line BB in Fig. 1 ( Fig. 3 ).

Wie zu erkennen ist, weist die Vorrichtung eine karussellartige Einrichtung 9, 10, 11 gebildet aus einer kreisringförmigen Bodenplatte 10, einer fest mit der Bodenplatte 10 verbundenen und von der Bodenplatte 10 senkrecht nach oben ragenden zylindrischen Aussenwand 9 und einer mit der Bodenplatte 10 nicht in Verbindung stehenden und senkrecht von der Bodenplatte 10 nach oben ragenden zylindrischen Innenwand 11 auf. Die Bodenplatte 10 ist eben und durchgehend geschlossen und ist mittels eines Rollenkranzes 24 auf einem kreisringförmigen Tragelement 25 einer feststehenden Tragstruktur gelagert, und wird im bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb mittels eines Antriebsmotors 26 in der Rotationsrichtung R um eine durch das Zentrum der Kreisringform der Bodenplatte 10 verlaufende vertikale Rotationsachse Z herum rotiert, wodurch das auf der Bodenplatte 10 aufliegende zu fragmentierende Material 1 einen kreisringförmigen bzw. kreisringsegmentförmigen Materialstrom 4 in der Rotationsrichtung R um die Rotationsachse Z herum bildet.As can be seen, the apparatus comprises a carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 formed of an annular bottom plate 10, a fixedly connected to the bottom plate 10 and of the bottom plate 10 perpendicular upwardly projecting cylindrical outer wall 9 and one with the bottom plate 10 is not in Connecting standing and perpendicular from the bottom plate 10 upwardly projecting cylindrical inner wall 11. The bottom plate 10 is flat and continuously closed and is mounted by means of a roller ring 24 on an annular support member 25 of a fixed support structure, and is in normal operation by means of a drive motor 26 in the direction of rotation R to a running through the center of the circular shape of the bottom plate 10 vertical axis of rotation Z rotates around, whereby the lying on the bottom plate 10 to be fragmented material 1 forms an annular or annular ring-shaped material flow 4 in the direction of rotation R about the axis of rotation Z around.

Die karussellartige Einrichtung 9, 10, 11 ist angeordnet in einem mit Wasser 5 (Prozessflüssigkeit) befüllten kreisrunden Becken 27, dessen Boden von dem kreisringförmigen Tragelement 25 durchdrungen wird. Die karussellartige Einrichtung 9, 10, 11 ist bis auf die oberen Begrenzungskanten der Aussenwand 9 und der Innenwand 11 vollständig in das Wasser 5 im Becken 27 eingetaucht. Im Bereich innerhalb des kreisringförmigen Tragelements 25 ist der Boden des Beckens 27 von einem kreisförmigen, sich nach unten erstreckenden Trichter 19 gebildet, dessen unteres Ende über einem Transportband 20 endet, welches schräg nach oben bis auf ein Niveau über dem Wasserspiegel des Beckens 27 fördert (hier aus Platzgründen nicht vollständig gezeigt) und in einem Gehäuse 30 angeordnet ist, das an das untere Trichterende angeschlossen ist und zusammen mit dem Becken 27 ein wasserdichtes Behältnis bildet. Das Becken 27 ist von einer ringförmigen Schutzwand 31 umgeben, durch welche das Gehäuse des Förderbands 30 und das Förderband 20 hindurchtreten.The carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 is arranged in a circular basin 27 filled with water 5 (process liquid), the bottom of which is penetrated by the annular support element 25. The carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 is completely immersed in the water 5 in the basin 27 except for the upper boundary edges of the outer wall 9 and the inner wall 11. In the area inside the annular support element 25, the bottom of the basin 27 is formed by a circular, downwardly extending funnel 19, the lower end of which ends above a conveyor belt 20, which conveys obliquely upward to a level above the water level of the basin 27 (not fully shown here for reasons of space) and is arranged in a housing 30 which is connected to the lower funnel end and together with the basin 27 forms a watertight container. The basin 27 is surrounded by an annular protective wall 31 through which the housing of the conveyor belt 30 and the conveyor belt 20 pass.

Wie weiter zu erkennen ist, weist die Vorrichtung, angeordnet über der karussellartigen Einrichtung 9, 10, 11, eine Elektroden-Anordnung 2 mit einer Vielzahl von matrixförmig angeordneten Hochspannungselektroden 12 auf, welche sich etwa über einen Bereich von 270° der Kreisringform der karussellartigen Einrichtung 9, 10, 11 erstreckt. Jede der Hochspannungselektroden 12 ragt dabei in der dargestellten Situation von oben bis knapp über die Oberfläche des in der karussellartigen Einrichtung 9, 10, 11 geführten kreisringsegmentförmigen Materialstromes 4 herab, wobei sie in das Wasser 5 eintaucht, und weist einen eigenen, direkt über ihr angeordneten Hochspannungsgenerator 3 auf, mit welchem sie im Betrieb mit Hochspannungspulsen beaufschlagt wird. In den Figuren ist der Übersichtlichkeit halber jeweils nur eine der Hochspannungselektroden mit der Bezugsziffer 12 und nur einer der Hochspannungsgeneratoren mit der Bezugsziffer 3 versehen.As can further be seen, the device disposed above the carousel-like device 9, 10, 11, an electrode assembly 2 with a plurality of matrix-arranged high-voltage electrodes 12, which is approximately over a range of 270 ° of the circular shape of the carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 extends. Each of the high-voltage electrodes 12 protrudes in the illustrated situation from above to just above the surface of guided in the carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 circular ring-shaped material flow 4, where it dips into the water 5, and has its own, arranged directly above it High voltage generator 3, with which it is acted upon in operation with high voltage pulses. In the figures, for the sake of clarity, only one of the high-voltage electrodes is designated by the reference numeral 12 and only one of the high-voltage generators by the reference numeral 3.

Wie aus Fig. 5 ersichtlich ist, welche eine der Hochspannungselektroden 12 der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 dieser Vorrichtung in der Seitenansicht zeigt, weist jede der Hochspannungselektroden 12 eine eigene auf Erdpotential liegende Gegenelektrode 13 auf. Die Hochspannungselektroden 12 und die diesen zugeordneten Gegenelektroden 13 stehen sich jeweils quer zur Materialvorbeiführungsrichtung mit einem Abstand gegenüber und sind dabei jeweils derartig angeordnet, dass in dem dargestellten bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb durch das Beaufschlagen der jeweiligen Hochspannungselektrode 12 mit Hochspannungspulsen Hochspannungsdurchschläge zwischen der Hochspannungselektrode 12 und der ihr zugeordneten Gegenelektrode 13 durch das Material 1 des Materialstromes 4 hindurch erzeugt werden. Die Hochspannungselektrode 12 zusammen mit der einzigen ihr zugeordneten Gegenelektrode 13 bildet so ein anspruchsgemässes Elektrodenpaar 12, 13How out Fig. 5 which shows one of the high voltage electrodes 12 of the electrode assembly 2 of this device in side view, each of the high voltage electrodes 12 has its own grounding counter electrode 13. The high voltage electrodes 12 and the associated counter electrodes 13 are each opposite to the material advancing direction with a distance and are each arranged such that in the illustrated as intended Operation by applying the respective high voltage electrode 12 with high voltage pulses Hochspannungsdurchschläge between the high voltage electrode 12 and its associated counter electrode 13 are generated by the material 1 of the material flow 4 therethrough. The high-voltage electrode 12 together with the only associated counter electrode 13 thus forms a claimed pair of electrodes 12, 13th

Die Figuren 6 und 7 zeigen Seitenansichten zweier Varianten der Hochspannungselektrode aus Fig. 5.The FIGS. 6 and 7 show side views of two variants of the high voltage electrode Fig. 5 ,

Fig. 6 zeigt eine Hochspannungselektrode 12, welche sich von der in Fig. 5 gezeigten im Wesentlichen dadurch unterscheidet, dass sie zwei identische, sich spiegelbildlich gegenüberliegende und an ihren freien Enden jeweils zur Hochspannungselektrode 12 hin geneigte Gegenelektroden 13 aufweist. Die Hochspannungselektrode 12 zusammen mit den beiden Gegenelektroden 13 bildet so eine anspruchsgemässe Elektrodengruppe 12, 13. Ein weiterer Unterschied besteht darin, dass diese Hochspannungselektrode 12 eine gerade Elektrodenspitze aufweist. Fig. 6 shows a high voltage electrode 12, which differs from the in Fig. 5 shown essentially differs in that it has two identical, mirror-inverted opposite and at their free ends in each case to the high voltage electrode 12 inclined counter electrodes 13. The high-voltage electrode 12 together with the two counter-electrodes 13 thus forms a claim-compliant electrode group 12, 13. Another difference is that this high-voltage electrode 12 has a straight electrode tip.

Fig. 7 zeigt eine Hochspannungselektrode 12, welche sich von der in Fig. 6 gezeigten im Wesentlichen dadurch unterscheidet, dass hier die in Fig. 6 gezeigten zwei sich spiegelbildlich gegenüberliegenden Gegenelektroden 13 unterhalb der Hochspannungselektrode 12 zu einer einzigen, U-förmigen Gegenelektrode 13 verbunden sind. Fig. 7 shows a high voltage electrode 12, which differs from the in Fig. 6 shown essentially differs in that here the in Fig. 6 shown two mirror-inverted counter-electrodes 13 are connected below the high voltage electrode 12 to a single, U-shaped counter electrode 13.

Je nach Prozess bzw. zu prozessierendem Material ist es auch vorgesehen, dass die Elektroden 12 und Gegenelektroden 13 in den Materialstrom eingetaucht sind.Depending on the process or material to be processed, it is also provided that the electrodes 12 and counter electrodes 13 are immersed in the material flow.

Wie weiter zu erkennen ist, weist die Vorrichtung ein in einem geschlossenen Gehäuse 32 angeordnetes Zuführungsförderband 15 auf, mit welchem stromaufwärts von der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 zu fragmentierendes Material 1, im vorliegenden Fall Bruchstücke von Edelmetall-Erzgestein 1, auf die Bodenplatte 10 der karussellartigen Einrichtung 9, 10, 11 aufgegeben wird.As can further be seen, the apparatus comprises a feed conveyor belt 15 arranged in a closed housing 32, with which material 1 to be fragmented, in the present case fragments of noble metal ore rock 1, on the bottom plate 10 of the carousel-like material 1 to be fragmented upstream of the electrode arrangement 2 Facility 9, 10, 11 is abandoned.

Die Höhe der als kreisringsegmentförmiger Materialstrom 4 unter der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 hindurchgeführten Materialschüttung 1 wird vor dem Einlauf in den zwischen der karussellartigen Einrichtung 9, 10, 11 und der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 gebildeten Bereich (Prozesszone) durch ein Durchlassbegrenzungsblech 33 festgelegt.The height of the material packing 1 guided under the electrode arrangement 2 as a circular ring-segment-shaped material flow 4 is defined by a passage-limiting plate 33 before entry into the region (process zone) formed between the carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 and the electrode arrangement 2.

Stromabwärts von der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 befindet sich ein feststehendes erstes Leitblech 17, welches sich von der Aussenwand 9 der karussellartigen Einrichtung 9, 10, 11 durch eine erste Unterbrechung 23 in deren Innenwand 11 in einen Bereich 7 im Zentrum der karussellartigen Einrichtung 9, 10, 11 erstreckt und im dargestellt bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb den aus der Prozesszone austretenden Materialstrom 4 im Wesentlichen vollständig über die erste Unterbrechung 23 in der Innenwand 11 in den zentralen Bereich 7 führt.Downstream of the electrode assembly 2 is a fixed first baffle 17 which extends from the outer wall 9 of the carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 through a first interruption 23 in the inner wall 11 in a region 7 in the center of the carousel-like device 9, 10th , 11 extends and shown in the intended operation, the material stream 4 emerging from the process zone substantially completely over the first interruption 23 in the inner wall 11 in the central region 7 leads.

Der Boden des zentralen Bereichs 7 ist als ebener Siebboden 8 ausgebildet, mit einer Sieböffnungsgrösse die derart bemessen ist, dass auf Zielgrösse fragmentiertes Material 1a durch die Sieböffnungen hindurchtritt und in den darunter angeordneten Trichter 19 fällt, während Material 1b, welches grösser ist als die Zielgrösse, auf dem Siebboden 8 liegen bleibt. Das fertig prozessierte bzw. auf Zielgrösse zerkleinerte Material la wird von dem Trichter 19 auf das Förderband 20 geleitet, mit welchem es aus der Vorrichtung heraus transportiert wird.The bottom of the central region 7 is formed as a flat sieve bottom 8 with a sieve opening size dimensioned so that fragmented material 1a passes through the sieve openings and falls into the funnel 19 below, while material 1b which is larger than the target size , remains on the sieve tray 8. The finished material la shredded to target size is passed from the hopper 19 onto the conveyor belt 20 with which it is transported out of the device.

Das nicht-fertig prozessierte bzw. noch nicht auf Zielgrösse zerkleinerte Material 1b wird durch das nachrückende Material 1 über den Siebboden 8 geschoben und von einem an das erste Leitblech 17 anschliessenden feststehenden zweiten Leitblech 21 über eine zweite Unterbrechung 28 in der Innenwand 11 aus dem zentralen Bereich 7 zurück in den kreisringsegmentförmigen Materialstrom 4 geführt, mit welchem es erneut an einem Teil der Hochspannungselektroden 12 der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 vorbeigeführt wird und dabei mit Hochspannungsdurchschlägen beaufschlagt wird.The non-finished processed or not yet shredded to target size material 1b is pushed by the nachrückende material 1 on the sieve 8 and from a subsequent to the first baffle 17 fixed second baffle 21 via a second interruption 28 in the inner wall 11 from the central Region 7 back into the annular segment-shaped material flow 4, with which it again at a portion of the high voltage electrodes 12 of the electrode assembly. 2 is passed and thereby acted upon with high voltage breakdowns.

Wie aus Fig. 3 hervorgeht, welche einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Teil der ersten Vorrichtung im Bereich der Prozesszone entlang der Linie B-B in Fig. 1 zeigt, weist die Bodenplatte 10 der karussellartigen Einrichtung 9, 10, 11 eine mit einer verschleisshemmenden Schicht 29 aus Gummi belegte Oberseite auf, auf welcher das zu prozessierende Material 1 aufliegt.How out Fig. 3 which shows a vertical section through part of the first device in the region of the process zone along the line BB in FIG Fig. 1 shows, the bottom plate 10 of the carousel-like device 9, 10, 11 a covered with a wear-inhibiting layer 29 made of rubber on top, on which the material to be processed 1 rests.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung in einer anderen Betriebsart. Wie zu ersehen ist, ist hier das zweite Leitblech 21 in einer Position angeordnet, in welcher es die zweite Unterbrechung 28 in der Innenwand 11 von der Seite des zentralen Bereichs 7 aus verschliesst und einen Abführungsschacht 34 freigibt, in welchen das nicht-fertig prozessierte bzw. noch nicht auf Zielgrösse zerkleinerte Material 1b, welches durch das nachrückende Material 1 über den Siebboden 8 geschoben wird, hineinfällt und sodann mit (nicht dargestellten) Einrichtungen von der Vorrichtung weggeführt wird. Fig. 4 shows a plan view of the device in a different mode. As can be seen, the second baffle 21 is here arranged in a position in which it closes the second interruption 28 in the inner wall 11 from the side of the central area 7 and releases an exhaust duct 34, in which the non-finished process resp not yet shredded to target size material 1b, which is pushed by the advancing material 1 on the sieve plate 8, falls into it and then with devices (not shown) is led away from the device.

Die Figuren 8 bis 10 zeigen eine zweite erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung zum Fragmentieren von schüttfähigem Material 1 mittels Hochspannungsentladungen, einmal in einem Längsschnitt entlang der Linie D-D in Fig. 10 (Fig. 8), einmal in einer Draufsicht von oben (Fig. 9) und einmal in einem Querschnitt entlang der Linie C-C in Fig. 8 (Fig. 10).The FIGS. 8 to 10 show a second inventive device for fragmenting pourable material 1 by means of high-voltage discharges, once in a longitudinal section along the line DD in Fig. 10 ( Fig. 8 ), once in a plan view from above ( Fig. 9 ) and once in a cross section along the line CC in Fig. 8 ( Fig. 10 ).

Wie zu erkennen ist, weist die Vorrichtung eine Elektroden-Anordnung 2 mit einer Matrix von Hochspannungselektroden 12 auf, welche in Materialdurchlaufrichtung S gesehen in vier hintereinander angeordneten Reihen mit je vier Elektroden 12 angeordnet sind (in den Figuren ist der Übersichtlichkeit halber jeweils nur eine der Elektroden mit der Bezugsziffer 12 versehen).As can be seen, the device has an electrode arrangement 2 with a matrix of high-voltage electrodes 12, which are arranged in four consecutively arranged rows with four electrodes 12 in the direction of passage through the material S (in the figures, for the sake of clarity, only one of each is shown) Electrodes provided with the reference numeral 12).

Die Elektroden 12 werden im dargestellten bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb mit jeweils einem direkt über ihnen angeordneten Hochspannungsgenerator 3 mit Hochspannungspulsen beaufschlagt.The electrodes 12 are in the illustrated normal operation with one directly over they are arranged high voltage generator 3 applied with high voltage pulses.

Unter der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 befindet sich, angeordnet in einem mit Wasser 5 (Prozessflüssigkeit) gefluteten Becken 16, ein Förderband 6, mittels welchem ein Materialstrom aus einem zu fragmentierenden schüttfähigen Material 1, im vorliegenden Fall Bruchstücke von Erzgestein, von der Aufgabeseite A der Vorrichtung her in Materialdurchlaufrichtung S an den Elektroden 12 der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 vorbeigeführt wird, während Hochspannungsdurchschläge durch das Material 1 infolge einer Beaufschlagung der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 mit Hochspannungspulsen erzeugt werden. Dabei ist das Material 1 des Materialstroms in das im Becken 16 befindliche Wasser 5 eingetaucht, ebenso wie die darüber angeordneten Elektroden 12.Under the electrode assembly 2 is located in a flooded with water 5 (process liquid) tank 16, a conveyor belt 6, by means of which a flow of material from a fragmented bulk material 1, in the present case fragments of ore, from the task side A of Device forth in the direction of material flow S on the electrodes 12 of the electrode assembly 2 is passed while high voltage breakdowns are generated by the material 1 as a result of application of high voltage pulses to the electrode assembly 2. In this case, the material 1 of the material flow is immersed in the water 5 located in the basin 16, as well as the electrodes 12 arranged above it.

Die Höhe des Materialstromes wird vor dem Einlauf in den Bereich zwischen dem Förderband 6 und der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 (Prozesszone) durch ein Durchlassbegrenzungsblech 18 eingestellt.The height of the flow of material is adjusted before entry into the area between the conveyor belt 6 and the electrode assembly 2 (process zone) by a passage-limiting plate 18.

Wie aus Fig. 10 zu erkennen ist, erstreckt sich das Förderband 6 in Durchlaufrichtung S gesehen über die gesamte Breite des Beckens 16, so dass der bewegte Materialstrom die gesamte Breite des Beckens 16 erfasst.How out Fig. 10 can be seen, the conveyor belt 6 extends in the direction of passage S seen over the entire width of the basin 16, so that the moving material flow covers the entire width of the basin 16.

Wie insbesondere aus den Figuren 8 und 10 zu ersehen ist, wird der mittlere Bereich des Materialstromes beim Durchlaufen der Prozesszone mit Hochspannungsdurchschlägen beaufschlagt, was zu einer zunehmenden Fragmentierung des Materials 1 in diesem Bereich führt, während die Randbereiche des Materialstromes praktisch unberührt von Hochspannungsdurchschlägen bleiben, so dass das dort geführte Material 1 seine ursprüngliche Stückigkeit behält.As in particular from the FIGS. 8 and 10 can be seen, the middle portion of the material flow is applied when passing through the process zone with high voltage breakdowns, which leads to an increasing fragmentation of the material 1 in this area, while the edge regions of the material flow remain virtually untouched by high voltage breakdowns, so that the material 1 guided there original piece remains.

Stromabwärts von der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 wird der aus der Prozesszone austretende Materialstrom vom Förderband 6 in drei von Separationswänden 22 getrennte und sich nebeneinander über die gesamte Breite des Förderbands 6 erstreckende Sammeltrichter 14, 14a, 14b am Ende des Beckens 16 abgegeben. Dabei sind die Separationswände 22 derartig angeordnet, dass das fragmentierte Material 1 aus dem mittleren Bereich des Materialstromes in den mittleren Sammeltrichter 14 abgegeben wird, während das unfragmentierte Material 1 aus den Randbereichen des Materialstromes in die äusseren Sammeltrichter 14a, 14b abgegeben wird.Downstream of the electrode assembly 2, the material stream exiting the process zone is separated from the conveyor belt 6 into three of separation walls 22 and side by side across its entire width the collecting conveyor 6 extending collecting funnel 14, 14a, 14b at the end of the basin 16 delivered. In this case, the separation walls 22 are arranged such that the fragmented material 1 is discharged from the middle region of the material flow into the central collecting funnel 14, while the unfragmented material 1 is discharged from the edge regions of the material flow into the outer collecting funnels 14a, 14b.

Das fragmentierte Material 1, welches in den mittleren Sammeltrichter 14 abgegeben wird, wird mittels einer (nicht gezeigten) Fördereinrichtung aus dem Becken 16 herausgefördert und einer weiteren Verwendung zugeführt. Das nicht-fragmentierte Material 1, welches in die äusseren Sammeltrichter 14a, 14b abgegeben wird, wird mittels (nicht gezeigter) Fördereinrichtungen aus dem Becken 16 herausgefördert und auf der Aufgabeseite A der Vorrichtung wieder in den Materialstrom zugeführt.The fragmented material 1, which is discharged into the central collecting hopper 14, is conveyed out of the basin 16 by means of a conveyor (not shown) and supplied for further use. The non-fragmented material 1, which is discharged into the outer collecting funnels 14a, 14b, is conveyed out of the basin 16 by means of conveying devices (not shown) and returned to the material flow on the feeding side A of the device.

Wie aus Fig. 6 ersichtlich ist, welche eine der Elektroden 12 der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 der Vorrichtung in der Seitenansicht zeigt, weist jede der Hochspannungselektroden 12 zwei identische, sich spiegelbildlich gegenüberliegende, an ihren freien Enden jeweils zur Hochspannungselektrode 12 hin geneigte Gegenelektroden 13 auf, welche auf Erdpotential liegen und an der Tragstruktur der Hochspannungselektrode 12 befestigt sind. Die Hochspannungselektrode 12 zusammen mit den beiden Gegenelektroden 13 bildet eine anspruchsgemässe Elektrodengruppe 12, 13. Dabei stehen sich die Hochspannungselektroden 12 und die diesen jeweils zugeordneten zwei Gegenelektroden 13 jeweils quer zur Materialvorbeiführungsrichtung mit einem Abstand gegenüber und tauchen in den Materialstrom ein.How out Fig. 6 it can be seen, which shows one of the electrodes 12 of the electrode assembly 2 of the device in the side view, each of the high voltage electrodes 12, two identical, mirror images of opposite, at their free ends in each case to the high voltage electrode 12 inclined counter electrodes 13, which are at ground potential and attached to the support structure of the high voltage electrode 12. The high-voltage electrode 12 together with the two counter-electrodes 13 forms a claim-compliant electrode group 12, 13. In this case, the high voltage electrodes 12 and the respective associated two counter electrodes 13 are each opposite to the direction Materialvorbeführrichtung with a distance and immerse in the flow of material.

Die Figuren 11 bis 13 zeigen eine dritte erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung zum Fragmentieren von schüttfähigem Material 1 mittels Hochspannungsentladungen, einmal in einem Längsschnitt entlang der Linie E-E in Fig. 13 (Fig. 11), einmal in einer Draufsicht von oben (Fig. 12) und einmal in einem Querschnitt entlang der Linie F-F in Fig. 11 (Fig. 13).The FIGS. 11 to 13 show a third inventive device for fragmenting pourable material 1 by means of high-voltage discharges, once in a longitudinal section along the line EE in Fig. 13 ( Fig. 11 ), once in a plan view from above ( FIG. 12 ) and once in a cross section along the line FF in Fig. 11 ( Fig. 13 ).

Wie zu erkennen ist, weist die Vorrichtung eine Elektroden-Anordnung 2 mit drei Hochspannungselektroden 12 auf, welche in Materialdurchlaufrichtung S gesehen hintereinander angeordnet sind.As can be seen, the device has an electrode arrangement 2 with three high-voltage electrodes 12, which are arranged one behind the other in the material passage direction S.

Auch hier sind die Hochspannungselektroden 12 und die zugeordneten Gegenelektroden 13 wie in Fig. 6 gezeigt ausgebildet, stehen sich jeweils quer zur Materialvorbeiführungsrichtung mit einem Abstand gegenüber und tauchen in den Materialstrom ein.Again, the high voltage electrodes 12 and the associated counter electrodes 13 are as in Fig. 6 shown formed, each face transversely to the Materialvorbeiführungsrichtung with a distance and immerse in the flow of material.

Wie weiter aus Fig. 12 zu erkennen ist, in welcher die Positionen der jeweiligen Hochspannungselektroden 12 und Gegenelektroden 13 gestrichelt dargestellt sind, weisen diese Elektrodengruppen 12, 13 in Materialdurchlaufrichtung S gesehen jeweils einen seitlichen Versatz zueinander auf.How farther Fig. 12 can be seen, in which the positions of the respective high voltage electrodes 12 and counter electrodes 13 are shown in dashed lines, these electrode groups 12, 13 in the material passage direction S each have a lateral offset to each other.

Die Hochspannungselektroden 12 werden im dargestellten bestimmungsgemässen Betrieb mit jeweils einem direkt über ihnen angeordneten Hochspannungsgenerator 3 mit Hochspannungspulsen beaufschlagt.The high voltage electrodes 12 are acted upon in the illustrated operation as intended, each with a directly above them arranged high voltage generator 3 with high voltage pulses.

Unter der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 befindet sich, angeordnet in einem mit Wasser 5 (Prozessflüssigkeit) gefluteten Becken 16, ein in Materialdurchlaufrichtung S mit einem Winkel von 10 Grad ansteigendes gerades Förderband 6 aus einem biegsamen, elektrisch nicht leitenden Bandmaterial (gewebeverstärktes Gummi), mittels welchem ein Materialstrom aus dem zu fragmentierenden schüttfähigen Material 1, im vorliegenden Fall Schlackenstücke aus der Müllverbrennung mit einer maximalen Stückgrösse von 80 mm, von der Aufgabeseite A der Vorrichtung her in Materialdurchlaufrichtung S an den Elektroden 12, 13 der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 vorbeigeführt wird, während Hochspannungsdurchschläge durch das Material 1 infolge einer Beaufschlagung der Hochspannungselektroden 12 der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 mit Hochspannungspulsen erzeugt werden. Dabei ist das Material 1 des Materialstroms im Bereich der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 in das im Becken 16 befindliche Wasser 5 eingetaucht, ebenso wie die darüber angeordneten Elektroden 12, 13, welche zudem auch in den Materialstrom eintauchen.Below the electrode assembly 2, arranged in a basin 5 flooded with water 5 (process liquid), is a straight conveyor belt 6 of a flexible, electrically non-conductive strip material (fabric-reinforced rubber) ascending in the material passage direction S at an angle of 10 degrees which a material flow from the pourable material 1 to be fragmented, in the present case slag pieces from waste incineration with a maximum piece size of 80 mm, is passed from the feed side A of the device in the direction of material flow S past the electrodes 12, 13 of the electrode arrangement 2, while high-voltage breakdowns are produced by the material 1 as a result of application of high-voltage pulses to the high-voltage electrodes 12 of the electrode arrangement 2. In this case, the material 1 of the material flow in Area of the electrode assembly 2 immersed in the water in the basin 16 5, as well as the electrodes 12 arranged above it, 13, which also dive into the flow of material.

Gleichzeitig wird über eine am Boden des Beckens 16 angeordnete Abführungsleitung 35 Prozesswasser aus dem Becken 16 abgeführt und einer (nicht dargestellten) Wasseraufbereitungsanlage zugeführt, von welcher aufbereitetes Prozesswasser über Zuführungsleitungen 36 zurück in das Becken 16 gefördert wird, welche das Wasser jeweils im Bereich der Elektroden 12, 13 in den Materialstrom eindüsen.At the same time, process water is removed from the basin 16 via a discharge line 35 arranged at the bottom of the basin 16 and fed to a water treatment plant (not shown), from which treated process water is conveyed back into the basin 16 via supply lines 36, which supply the water in the area of the electrodes 12, 13 inject in the material flow.

Wie aus den Figuren 12 und 13 zu erkennen ist, sind die Randbereiche des Förderbands 6 in dem Bereich, in welchem es den Materialstrom an der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 vorbeiführt, nach oben gewölbt, so dass das Förderband 6 in diesem Bereich im Querschnitt gesehen rinnenförmig bzw. V-förmig ausgebildet ist, derart, dass das schüttfähige Material 1 des Materialstromes von den Seitenbereichen in die Mitte geführt wird.Like from the Figures 12 and 13 can be seen, the edge regions of the conveyor belt 6 in the area in which it passes the material flow past the electrode assembly 2, curved upward, so that the conveyor belt 6 in this area in cross-section seen channel-shaped or V-shaped in such a way that the free-flowing material 1 of the material flow is guided from the side regions into the middle.

Hierdurch wird der Materialstrom im Wesentlichen über seine gesamte Breite mit Hochspannungsdurchschlägen beaufschlagt, was zu einer Fragmentierung des gesamten Materialstroms führt.As a result, the material flow is subjected to high voltage breakdowns over substantially its entire width, which leads to a fragmentation of the entire material flow.

Der Neigungswinkel der Randbereiche des Förderbands ist einstellbar, um die Vorrichtung optimal an das zu prozessierende Material bzw. dessen Stückgrösse anpassen zu können. Im Bereich seiner Enden ist das Förderband 6 eben.The angle of inclination of the edge regions of the conveyor belt is adjustable in order to be able to adapt the device optimally to the material to be processed or its piece size. In the region of its ends, the conveyor belt 6 is flat.

Stromabwärts von der Elektroden-Anordnung 2 wird der aus der Prozesszone austretende Materialstrom vom Förderband 6 nach oben aus dem Becken 16 herausgeführt und anschliessend einem weiteren (nicht dargestellten) Verwertungs- bzw. Verarbeitungsschritt zugeführt.Downstream of the electrode assembly 2, the material flow emerging from the process zone is led upwards out of the basin 16 by the conveyor belt 6 and subsequently fed to a further utilization or processing step (not shown).

Die Figuren 14, 15, 16a und 16b zeigen eine erfindungsgemässe Anlage zum Fragmentieren von schüttfähigem Material 1 mittels Hochspannungsentladungen, einmal in einem Längsschnitt entlang der Linie G-G in Fig. 16a (Fig. 14), einmal in einer Draufsicht von oben (Fig. 15) und zweimal in einem Querschnitt entlang der Linie H-H in Fig. 14 (Figuren 16a und 16b).The Figures 14 . 15 . 16a and 16b show a device according to the invention for fragmenting pourable material 1 by means of high-voltage discharges, once in a longitudinal section along the line GG in Fig. 16a ( Fig. 14 ), once in a plan view from above ( Fig. 15 ) and twice in a cross section along the line HH in Fig. 14 ( FIGS. 16a and 16b ).

Wie zu erkennen ist, besteht diese Anlage aus drei hintereinander geschalteten Vorrichtungen gemäss den Figuren 11 bis 13 (drei Stufen), mit dem Unterschied, dass jede der Vorrichtungen an Stelle der drei in Materialdurchlaufrichtung S hintereinander angeordneten und versetzt zueinander angeordneten Elektrodengruppen 13, 12, 13 mit jeweils eigenem Hochspannungsgenerator 3 jeweils nur eine mittig positionierte Elektrodengruppe 13, 12, 13 mit jeweils zugeordnetem Hochspannungsgenerator 3 aufweist. Zudem ist der Anstiegswinkel des Förderbands 6 mit 15 Grad hier deutlich steiler als bei der zuvor beschriebenen dritten erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung gemäss den Figuren 11 bis 13. Alle übrigen Details sind identisch ausgeführt und werden deshalb hier nicht erneut erläutert.As can be seen, this system consists of three devices connected in series according to the FIGS. 11 to 13 (Three stages), with the difference that each of the devices in place of the three in the material flow direction S successively arranged and staggered electrode groups 13, 12, 13, each with its own high voltage generator 3 only one centrally positioned electrode group 13, 12, 13, respectively having associated high voltage generator 3. In addition, the angle of elevation of the conveyor belt 6 with 15 degrees here is significantly steeper than in the previously described third inventive device according to the FIGS. 11 to 13 , All other details are identical and therefore will not be explained again here.

Die Figuren 16a und 16b zeigen Querschnitte durch die Anlage entlang der Linie H-H in Fig. 14 (jedoch ohne Becken und Hochspannungsgenerator) bei unterschiedlichen Einstellungen der Neigungswinkeln α der Randbereiche des gezeigten Förderbands 6, nämlich einmal bei Neigungswinkeln α von 23 Grad (Fig. 16a) und einmal bei Neigungswinkeln α von 33 Grad (Fig. 16b).The FIGS. 16a and 16b show cross sections through the plant along the line HH in Fig. 14 (but without basin and high voltage generator) at different settings of the inclination angles α of the edge regions of the conveyor belt 6 shown, namely once at inclination angles α of 23 degrees ( Fig. 16a ) and once at inclination angles α of 33 degrees ( Fig. 16b ).

Die Figuren 17 bis 19 zeigen Längsschnitte wie Fig. 14 durch verschiedene Varianten einer der Vorrichtungen der Anlage gemäss den Figuren 14, 15, 16a und 16b.The FIGS. 17 to 19 show longitudinal sections like Fig. 14 by different variants of one of the devices of the system according to the Figures 14 . 15 . 16a and 16b ,

Die erste Vorrichtungsvariante gemäss Fig. 17 unterscheidet sich von der in Fig. 14 gezeigten Vorrichtung dadurch, dass das zu prozessierende Material dem Aufgabeende A der Vorrichtung über eine ausserhalb des Beckens 16 angeordnete schräge Siebfläche 37 zugeführt wird, mittels welcher Feinmaterial mit einer bestimmten Stückgrösse, z.B. je nach Anordnungsort der Vorrichtung innerhalb der Anlage von kleiner 2 mm, kleiner 5 mm oder kleiner 8 mm, noch vor dem Eintritt in diese Vorrichtung abgesiebt wird.The first device variant according to Fig. 17 is different from the one in Fig. 14 shown device in that the material to be processed is supplied to the task end A of the device via an arranged outside the basin 16 oblique screen surface 37, by means of which fine material with a specific piece size, eg depending on the location of the device within the plant of less than 2 mm, less than 5 mm or less than 8 mm, is screened off before entering this device.

Die zweite Vorrichtungsvariante gemäss Fig. 18 unterscheidet sich von der in Fig. 14 gezeigten Vorrichtung dadurch, dass das zu prozessierende Material am Aufgabeende A der Vorrichtung über eine innerhalb des Beckens 16 angeordnete schräge Siebfläche 38 auf das Förderband 6 der Vorrichtung aufgegeben wird, mittels welcher Feinmaterial mit einer bestimmten Stückgrösse, z.B. je nach Anordnungsort der Vorrichtung innerhalb der Anlage von kleiner 2 mm, kleiner 5 mm oder kleiner 8 mm, innerhalb des Beckens 16 dieser Vorrichtung aber vor dem Eintritt in die Prozesszone abgesiebt wird.The second device variant according to Fig. 18 is different from the one in Fig. 14 shown device in that the material to be processed at the task end A of the device is placed over an arranged within the basin 16 oblique screen surface 38 on the conveyor belt 6 of the device, by means of which fine material with a certain piece size, eg depending on the location of the device within the system smaller than 2 mm, smaller than 5 mm or smaller than 8 mm, within the basin 16 of this device but before entering the process zone.

Die dritte Vorrichtungsvariante gemäss Fig. 19 besteht aus einer Vorrichtung gemäss Fig. 18, an deren Abgabeende das prozessierte Material auf eine schräge Siebfläche 41 abgegeben wird, durch welche das auf eine gewünschte Stückgrösse fragmentierte Material hindurch auf ein darunter angeordnetes weiterführendes Förderband 39 fällt. Das nicht ausreichend fragmentierte Material wandert über die Siebfläche 38 und fällt an deren Ende auf ein Förderband 40, mit welchem es zurück zum Aufgabeende der Vorrichtung gefördert und dort wieder dem zu prozessierenden Materialstrom 1 zu geführt wird.The third device variant according to Fig. 19 consists of a device according to Fig. 18 at the discharge end of which the processed material is discharged onto an inclined screen surface 41, through which the material fragmented to a desired piece size passes through a further conveyor belt 39 arranged below it. The insufficiently fragmented material travels over the screen surface 38 and falls at the end of a conveyor belt 40, with which it is conveyed back to the task end of the device and there again to be processed material stream 1 to.

Die Vorrichtungen gemäss den Figuren 17 bis 19 bilden einzeln jeweils auch eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung.The devices according to the FIGS. 17 to 19 individually also form a device according to the invention.

Während in der vorliegenden Anmeldung bevorzugte Ausführungen der Erfindung beschrieben sind, ist klar darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Erfindung nicht auf diese beschränkt ist und auch in anderer Weise innerhalb des Umfangs der nun folgenden Ansprüche ausgeführt werden kann.While preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the present application, it should be clearly understood that the invention is not limited to these and may be practiced otherwise within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (24)

  1. Method for fragmenting and/or weakening of pourable material (1) by means of high-voltage discharges, comprising the steps:
    a) providing an electrode assembly (2) which is assigned to one or more high-voltage generators (3), by means of which it is chargeable with high-voltage pulses;
    b) guiding a material flow of pourable material (1) past the electrode assembly (2) by means of a conveying device (6; 9, 10, 11) carrying the material flow, wherein the material flow is immersed in a process liquid (5); and
    c) producing high-voltage punctures through the material flow during the guiding thereof past the electrode assembly (2) by charging of the electrode assembly (2) with high-voltage pulses,
    characterized in that the electrodes (12, 13) of the electrode assembly (2) are submerged from above in the process liquid (5), and those electrodes (12, 13) between which the high-voltage punctures are produced face each other with an electrode spacing transversely to the material guiding past direction (S).
  2. Method according to claim 1 wherein the electrodes (12, 13) of the electrode assembly (2) are in contact with the material flow.
  3. Method according to claim 2 wherein the electrodes (12, 13) of the electrode assembly (2) are immersed in the material flow.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims wherein the high-voltage punctures are produced in such a way that the material flow is charged with high-voltage punctures essentially over its entire width.
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims wherein the material (1) of the material flow or a part thereof is divided into coarse material with a piece size larger than a desired target size and into fine material with a piece size smaller than or equal to the desired target size downstream of the electrode assembly (2) .
  6. Method according to claim 5 wherein the coarse material is fed again into the material flow upstream of the electrode assembly (2).
  7. Method according to claim 5 wherein the coarse material is subjected to a further fragmenting or weakening method, in particular according to one of the preceding claims.
  8. Method according to one of the preceding claims wherein the material flow is formed by material pieces (1) or comprises material pieces (1) which do not exceed a specific maximum piece size, in particular do not exceed a maximum piece size in the range between 40 mm and 80 mm, and wherein the distance of the electrodes (12, 13) to the bottom side of the material flow is larger than this maximum piece size.
  9. Method according to one of the preceding claims wherein the conveying device (6; 9, 10, 11), at least in the region in which it guides the material flow past the electrode assembly (2), is formed as viewed in the cross-section trough-shaped, in particular V-shaped, in particular in such a way that the pourable material (1) is guided from the lateral zones into the center.
  10. Method according to one of the preceding claims wherein the material flow is guided past the electrode assembly (2) by means of a flexible, electrically nonconductive conveyor belt (6), wherein its boundary zones are arched upwards in the region in which it guides the material flow past the electrode assembly (2), and in particular wherein the conveyor belt (6) is planar in the region of its ends.
  11. Method according to one of the preceding claims wherein the material flow, downstream from the region in which it is guided past the electrode assembly (2) with the conveying device or the conveyor belt (6), respectively, is transported upwards with the conveying device or the conveyor belt (6), respectively, in particular in such a way that it is guided out of the process liquid (5) with the conveying device or with the conveyor belt (6), respectively.
  12. Method according to one of the claims 13 to 14 wherein the material flow transported upwards with the conveyor belt (6), from the delivery end of the conveyor belt (6), in particular via a device (37, 38, 41) for sieving of material pieces fragmented to a specific target size, is fed to a below arranged feeding end of another conveyor belt (6), with which it is supplied to a further fragmenting and/or weakening method, in particular according to one of the preceding claims.
  13. Method of one of the preceding claims wherein the electrode assembly (2) comprises a plurality of electrode pairs (12, 13) or electrode groups (13, 12, 13), wherein a respective high-voltage generator (3) is assigned to each electrode pair or each electrode group, respectively, with which exclusively this pair or this group, respectively, is charged with high-voltage pulses, in particular independently of the other electrode pairs or electrode groups.
  14. Device for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising:
    a) an electrode assembly (2) which is assigned to one or more high-voltage generators (3), by means of which it is chargeable with high-voltage pulses;
    b) a conveying device (6; 9, 10, 11), in particular in form of a conveyor belt (6) or a conveyor chain, at least in part arranged in a basin (16; 27) which is filled or fillable with a process liquid (5) with which in the intended operation a material flow of a pourable, to be fragmented and/or to be weakened material (1), immersed in a process liquid (5), can be guided past the electrode assembly (2) while high-voltage punctures through the material flow are produced by means of charging of the electrode assembly (2) with high-voltage pulses,
    characterized in that the device is structured in such a way that in the intended operation the electrodes (12, 13) of the electrode assembly (2) are immersed in the process liquid (5) from above, and those electrodes (12, 13) between which the high-voltage punctures are produced face each other with an electrode spacing transversely to the material guiding past direction (S).
  15. Device according to claim 14 wherein the device is structured in such a way that in the intended operation the electrodes (12, 13) of the electrode assembly (2) are in contact with the material flow.
  16. Device according to claim 15 wherein the device is structured in such a way that in the intended operation the electrodes (12, 13) of the electrode assembly (2) are immersed in the material flow, in particular with a distance to the bottom side of the material flow of more than 40 mm, in particular of more than 80 mm.
  17. Device according to one of the claims 14 to 16 wherein the device is structured in such a way that in the intended operation the material flow is chargeable with high-voltage punctures essentially over its entire width.
  18. Device according to one of the claims 14 to 17 wherein the device, downstream from the electrode assembly (2), comprises devices (37, 38, 41) with which the material (1) of the material flow or a part thereof can be divided into coarse material with a piece size larger than a desired target size and into fine material with a piece size smaller than or equal to the desired target size.
  19. Device according to one of the claims 14 to 18 wherein the electrode assembly (2) comprises a plurality of electrode pairs (12, 13) or electrode groups (13, 12, 13), and wherein a respective high-voltage generator (3) is assigned to each electrode pair or each electrode group, respectively, with which, in the intended operation, exclusively this pair or this group, respectively, can be charged with high-voltage pulses.
  20. Device according to one of the claims 14 to 19 wherein the conveying device (6; 9, 10, 11), at least in the region in which it guides the material flow past the electrode assembly (2), is formed, as viewed in the cross-section, trough-shaped, in particular V-shaped, in particular in such a way that the pourable material (1) is guided from the lateral zones into the center.
  21. Device according to claim 20 wherein the conveying device (6) comprises a flexible, electrically nonconductive conveyor belt (6), with which, in the intended operation, the material flow is guided past the electrode assembly (2), wherein its boundary zones are arched upwards in the region in which it guides the material flow past the electrode assembly (2), and in particular wherein the conveyor belt (6) is planar in the region of its ends.
  22. Device according to one of the claims 14 to 21 wherein the conveying device comprises a conveyor belt (6) which is structured in such a way that, in the intended operation of the device, the material flow is, downstream of the region in which it is guided past the electrode assembly (2) with the conveyor belt (6), transported upwards with the conveyor belt (6), in particular in such a way that it is guided out of the process liquid (5) with the conveyor belt (6).
  23. An apparatus comprising a plurality of devices according to one of the claims 14 to 22 arranged one behind the other in the material guiding direction (S), wherein, in the intended operation of the apparatus, the material flow transported upwards with the conveyor belt (6) of a first one of the devices, from the delivery end of this conveyor belt (6), in particular via a device (37, 38) for sieving of material pieces fragmented to a specific target size, is supplied to the below arranged feeding end of a conveyor belt (6) of a second device, following after the first device in the material guiding direction (S), with which it is guided past the electrode assembly (2) of this second device and is further fragmented and/or weakened thereby.
  24. Use of the device according to one of the claims 14 to 22 or of the apparatus according to claim 23 for the fragmenting and/or weakening of pieces of material (1) which form a composite of non-metallic and metallic materials, in particular slag pieces (1) from waste incineration.
EP16707373.3A 2015-02-27 2016-02-24 Method and device for fragmenting and/or weakening pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges Active EP3261769B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CH2015/000032 WO2016134490A1 (en) 2015-02-27 2015-02-27 Method and device for fragmenting and/or weakening pourable material by means of high-voltage discharge
PCT/CH2015/000030 WO2016134488A1 (en) 2015-02-27 2015-02-27 Method and device for fragmenting and/or weakening pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges
PCT/CH2015/000031 WO2016134489A1 (en) 2015-02-27 2015-02-27 Method and device for the fragmentation and/or weakening of a piece of material by means of high-voltage discharges
PCT/CH2016/000033 WO2016134492A1 (en) 2015-02-27 2016-02-24 Method and device for fragmenting and/or weakening pourable material by means of high-voltage discharges

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EP3261769A1 EP3261769A1 (en) 2018-01-03
EP3261769B1 true EP3261769B1 (en) 2018-12-26

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EP (1) EP3261769B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6815323B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2976964C (en)
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IL (1) IL253921A0 (en)
WO (1) WO2016134492A1 (en)

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EP3261769A1 (en) 2018-01-03
JP6815323B2 (en) 2021-01-20
IL253921A0 (en) 2017-10-31
WO2016134492A1 (en) 2016-09-01
ES2717833T3 (en) 2019-06-25
JP2018506429A (en) 2018-03-08
CA2976964C (en) 2023-05-23
US20180353968A1 (en) 2018-12-13
US10919045B2 (en) 2021-02-16
CA2976964A1 (en) 2016-09-01

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