EP3233312B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum sortieren von schüttgut - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum sortieren von schüttgut Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3233312B1
EP3233312B1 EP15816128.1A EP15816128A EP3233312B1 EP 3233312 B1 EP3233312 B1 EP 3233312B1 EP 15816128 A EP15816128 A EP 15816128A EP 3233312 B1 EP3233312 B1 EP 3233312B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bulk
sensor
separating edge
cutting edge
particles
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EP15816128.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3233312A1 (de
Inventor
Rainer Bunge
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Ost Ostschweizer Fachhochschule
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Ost Ostschweizer Fachhochschule
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/344—Sorting according to other particular properties according to electric or electromagnetic properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/23—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/20—Magnetic separation whereby the particles to be separated are in solid form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
    • B07C2501/0018—Sorting the articles during free fall

Definitions

  • the invention falls into the field of processing technology and relates to a method for sorting a bulk material flow according to claim 1, a sorting device according to claim 8 and a bulk material sorting system according to claim 13.
  • Bulk sorters are used, as in the Figures 6, 7 , 8th for an eddy current separator, a magnetic separator and an electrostatic separator, for separating a bulk material into at least two products, a concentrate 20 and a residue 21.
  • bulk material sorters are often equipped with a splitter 1.
  • the top ridge of the splinter is called the cutting edge.
  • Eddy current separator serve to separate electrically conductive 10 and electrically non-conductive material 11. They consist of a conveyor 7 and an exciter 5 for a separating force. While the non-conductive particles 11 follow the trajectory for the horizontal throw after the tape is dropped and are discharged as residue 21, the conductive particles 10 get into the concentrate 20 by deflection by means of the separating force generated by 5. The assignment of the particles to one of the products ( Residue, concentrate) is carried out with a usually adjustable splitter 1, the upper ridge of which is referred to below as the cutting edge.
  • the trajectories of the particles also depend on a large number of other factors, in particular on the grain size, the grain shape, the orientation of the Particles on the conveyor, the speed of the conveyor, and the throughput. Therefore, the trajectories of conductive and non-conductive particles usually overlap. For example, the trajectories of small conductive particles 10b can cross with those of larger non-conductive particles 11a ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the cutting edge is set for coarse-grained material, after a change in the material composition, e.g. by shifting the grain size downwards, all particles, whether conductive or not, end up in the residue; so there is no separation. Successful cutting can only be restored by readjusting the cutting edge.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a method and a device which make it possible to improve the separation results of bulk sorters with cutting edges. In particular, it is an object to achieve the improvement without the need for complex measurement technology.
  • a method is used to sort a bulk material flow, with at least one first bulk material fraction, in which material which reacts weakly to the separating force, is enriched, and a second bulk material fraction, in which material is enriched, which reacts strongly to the separating force.
  • first bulk material fraction for example, electrically weakly conductive particles are enriched
  • second bulk material fraction particles which are more electrically conductive.
  • the flow of bulk material is directed onto a splitter to be positioned between the bulk material fractions with a cutting edge preferably directed against the flow of bulk material.
  • At least one sensor for detecting the particles is also provided.
  • the bulk material fractions overlap only partially or not at all on or slightly above the cutting edge.
  • the at least one sensor detects the number of particles flowing through the detection area of the at least one sensor. Furthermore, a control signal based on the detected number current and the corresponding position of the at least one sensor is provided. The cutting edge and the bulk material flow are aligned relative to one another based on the control signal in such a way that the first bulk material fraction essentially comes to lie on one side and the second bulk material fraction essentially lies on the other side of the separating blade.
  • the location-dependent number flow of particles in the area of the cutting edge can be detected with a simple sensor arrangement, which has the advantage that complex measuring technology is not required.
  • the number stream is recorded spatially, preferably resolved horizontally.
  • the particles can be selectively detected in a selected area of the entire particle flow. In terms of quantity flow or composition, this range is usually not representative of one of the two bulk material fractions or of one of the products produced.
  • the area is only used to record and spatially allocate a number of flows relevant to the positioning of the splitter.
  • cutting edge directed opposite to the bulk material flow is preferably understood to mean the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the splinter running through the cutting edge and aligned parallel to the bulk material flow. If the flow of bulk material falls essentially perpendicularly onto the cutting edge, then the longitudinal axis of the splitter directed opposite to the flow of bulk material is oriented essentially vertically.
  • An “only partial superimposition of the two bulk material fractions” is understood to mean that the bulk material fractions overlap only at the edge of their spatial extent. Both the first and the second bulk material fraction are present in the area of the overburden. To the side of the area of the superimposition, there is then practically only the first bulk fraction and on the other side practically only the second bulk material fraction.
  • number flow means captured particles per unit of time.
  • the number flow is thus defined as the recorded particles per unit of time. If in this context the detection or measurement of a number flow is mentioned, this also includes measurements from which the local number flow can be determined, e.g. the measurement of the mass flow or the measurement of the trajectory density.
  • “Alignment” or “positioning” of the cutting edge is understood to mean the change in the position of the cutting edge in space.
  • a displacement of the cutting edge is advantageously achieved by the horizontal displacement of the chippings.
  • the vertical displacement of the cutting edge by vertical displacement of the splinter or its extension, as well as other spatial changes in position of the cutting edge, eg by tilting the splinter around a horizontal axis of rotation, are possible.
  • a combined movement in the horizontal and vertical is also conceivable.
  • detection area is understood to mean a selective area which takes up part of the total space which is defined by a shell surrounding the bulk material flow.
  • the detection area can be three-dimensional or two-dimensional.
  • the at least one sensor can be freely positioned within the detection area. In other words, the extent of the detection area can essentially be defined by the positionability of the at least one sensor.
  • the detection area can be independent of the area in which the splinter with the cutting edge can be positioned.
  • the cutting edge can be positioned independently of the extent of the detection area.
  • the cutting edge can be positioned inside or outside the detection area.
  • the detection area can alternatively be dependent on the area in which the splinter with the cutting edge can be positioned. This can be the case, for example, if the at least one sensor is permanently connected to the splitter and, in particular, is attached directly adjacent to the cutting edge.
  • the detection area is preferably above or at the level of the cutting edge. This means that the particles pass the detection area before they hit the cutting edge and are detected there by the sensor.
  • the at least one sensor is accordingly preferably arranged above the cutting edge in such a way that the particles are detected by the at least one sensor before they strike the cutting edge.
  • the detection area of the at least one sensor is preferably oriented parallel to the cutting edge. Depending on the sensor arrangement, the detection area can extend transversely and / or in terms of its height to the cutting edge.
  • the detection area is preferably a selective area located in the area of the cutting edge.
  • the detection of the particles exclusively in the detection area has the advantage that the arrangement of the sensors and also the evaluation of the sensor data can be greatly simplified.
  • the detection area is defined by a plane which runs essentially parallel to the cutting edge and transversely to the longitudinal axis of the splinter and in particular on or above the cutting edge.
  • this plane is perpendicular to the cutting edge oriented counter to the flow of bulk material, that is to say perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the splinter running through the cutting edge. The particles that pass through the plane are recorded.
  • This variant can be referred to as a two-dimensional detection area.
  • the number current is recorded spatially resolved parallel to the cutting edge and transversely to the longitudinal axis of the splinter.
  • individual number current measurements are assigned to positions on an axis running transversely to the longitudinal axis of the splitter, which axis can also be referred to as the X axis.
  • the optimal cutting edge position can be determined from this assignment.
  • the detection area preferably does not extend over the entire width of the bulk material flow or the bulk material fractions or representative partial flows thereof.
  • the detection area can extend over the entire length of the cutting edge and in each case laterally to the cutting edge at a predetermined distance.
  • a rectangular two-dimensional detection area is thus essentially provided.
  • the distance to the cutting edge can be up to 50 centimeters, in particular up to 25 centimeters, particularly preferably up to 10 centimeters and particularly preferably up to 5 centimeters, depending on the design.
  • the detection area is preferably an in-plane rectangle with a length that corresponds to the length of the cutting edge and a width that corresponds to twice the said distance.
  • the detection area can also have the shape of a line running horizontally or parallel to the cutting edge.
  • the detection area is defined by a small-height parallelepiped lying on or above the cutting edge.
  • a flat cuboid whose longitudinal axis, parallel to the cutting edge, is preferably in the region of the cutting edge.
  • the length of the flat cuboid preferably extends over the entire length of the cutting edge.
  • the width of the flat cuboid is aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the splinter and extends laterally to the cutting edge at a predetermined distance.
  • the distance between the lateral edges of the cuboid and the cutting edge can be up to 50 centimeters, in particular up to 25 centimeters, particularly preferably up to 10 centimeters and particularly preferably up to 5 centimeters, depending on the design.
  • the height of the cuboid is preferably below, in particular substantially below, the distances mentioned.
  • the position of the sensor can be recorded with a position measuring system which determines the position of the sensor relative to a fixed reference point.
  • the reference point can be any fixed point.
  • the position measuring system can then output corresponding position data, which are then processed together with the number current to form the control signal.
  • the cutting edge is aligned relative to the bulk material flow directed at the same location based on the control signal.
  • the flow of bulk material is aligned relative to the fixed cutting edge.
  • the cutting edge is oriented relative to the bulk material flow and the bulk material flow is oriented relative to the cutting edge based on the control signal.
  • the cutting edge and / or bulk material flow can be aligned automatically or manually.
  • the control signal is passed on to the control room as an alarm, for example.
  • the system operator then visually checks the positioning of the cutting edge in the bulk material flow and corrects it manually if necessary.
  • the control signal is used as a manipulated variable for a drive acting on the cutting edge and / or the conveying means.
  • the cutting edge runs essentially horizontally.
  • the expression essentially includes an angular inclination of the cutting edge to the horizontal of up to 20 °, in particular of up to 10 °.
  • the cutting edge preferably runs with little or no angular deviation from the horizontal.
  • the horizontal runs at right angles to the plumb line.
  • the cutting edge preferably runs parallel to the transverse axis of the bulk material flow, that is to say transversely to the direction of movement of the bulk material flow.
  • the relative alignment between the cutting edge and the bulk material flow is preferably carried out in such a way that the number of particles detected by the sensor is minimal at this point. This means that in the area of the cutting edge there is a smaller number of particles in comparison to laterally adjacent areas next to the cutting edge. In other words, the cutting edge is positioned by means of the control signal essentially where the number flow of particles determined by means of the at least one sensor is minimal.
  • said at least one sensor is used exclusively to detect the particles striking in the area of the cutting edge.
  • the detection area is oriented in the direction of the cutting edge and is very narrow.
  • the at least one sensor is therefore designed exclusively to detect the particle flow in the area of the cutting edge.
  • the expression “in the region of the cutting edge” is understood to mean that the particles hitting the cutting edge or the particles passing laterally in its immediate vicinity are detected.
  • the aforementioned detection area includes the cutting edge itself and extends at a distance of a few centimeters on both sides and above the cutting edge.
  • the at least one sensor is not designed to be removed from the Detecting cutting edge passing particles.
  • the senor is preferably designed to detect exclusively the particles impinging in the area of the cutting edge, but not those particles of an entire bulk material fraction or those of a partial flow thereof representative with regard to the separating feature.
  • This type of design of the sensor or of the detection area enables selective detection of the particles in a selected area of the entire particle flow. This leads to a simplification of the measurement technology compared to the methods that record the bulk material fractions cumulatively, such as in WO 2012/118373 described.
  • the senor is firmly connected to the splitter and the detection range of the sensor lies directly above the cutting edge, as a result of which the particles hitting the cutting edge are measured.
  • the distribution function of the number flow of particles is determined over the corresponding positions of the at least one sensor, in particular parallel to and over the cutting edge, i.e. essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the splinter, with a relative minimum of the distribution function or a relative minimum of a Derivation of the distribution function is calculated, the control signal being provided based on the relative minimum.
  • the position of the at least one sensor relative to the bulk material flow and / or to the cutting edge is varied during operation, preferably horizontally just above the cutting edge in the horizontal.
  • the position of the respective sensor in relation to a fixed reference point can be recorded. This allows the distribution function to be easily determined.
  • the sensor is preferably displaced on both sides towards the cutting edge essentially over the said detection area. This range is usually a few centimeters to a decimeter.
  • the sensor can be varied or moved independently of the cutting edge. This means that the at least one sensor can be moved relative to the fixed cutting edge in the detection area and the cutting edge can then be positioned independently of the sensor position.
  • the variation or movement of the sensor relative to the bulk material flow can alternatively take place as a function of the cutting edge.
  • the bulk material flow can also be moved relative to the sensor, e.g. by varying the trajectories of the bulk material fractions.
  • several sensors can also provide several parallel measuring sections.
  • the measuring sections are preferably present in the said area on both sides of the cutting edge.
  • the position of the respective sensor is determined in relation to a fixed reference point.
  • the bulk material is preferably divided into the two bulk material fractions with different flight trajectories in each case in a step of separation, the step of separation taking place spatially and temporally before the bulk material fractions pass at the level of the cutting edge.
  • the separation can preferably be controlled with said control signal.
  • the flight trajectories can be influenced in such a way that one of the bulk material fractions strikes one side of the cutting edge and that the other of the bulk material fractions strikes the other side of the cutting edge.
  • the flow of bulk material is aligned relative to the fixed cutting edge.
  • the cutting edge can be aligned relative to the bulk material flow and the bulk material flow relative to the cutting edge based on the control signal.
  • the separation is preferably carried out on a bulk material separator with a conveyor and an exciter for providing a separating force, the speed of the conveyor and / or the force acting on the bulk material provided by the exciter being controllable by said control signal.
  • This embodiment provides an advantageous possibility which consists in not varying the position of the cutting edge, but rather adapting the speed of the conveyor belt using the control signal, whereby the bulk material flow as a whole shifts horizontally with respect to the cutting edge.
  • the field strength of the pathogen can also be used be influenced, whereby the position of the flow of the second bulk fraction changes relative to the cutting edge.
  • a sorting device defined in claim 8, in particular for carrying out a method as described above.
  • This is used to sort a bulk material flow with at least a first bulk material fraction and a second bulk material fraction.
  • the sorting device comprises a splitter to be positioned between the bulk material fractions with a cutting edge directed opposite to the bulk material flow.
  • the sorting device further comprises at least one sensor.
  • the bulk material fractions are only partially or not superimposed on or slightly above the cutting edge.
  • the bulk material flow can be guided onto the cutting edge, the at least one sensor being designed to detect the number of particles flowing through a detection area of the at least one sensor.
  • the recorded number of current is assigned to the corresponding position of the at least one sensor, in particular relative to a fixed point in space.
  • a control signal is then generated from the determined number of currents and the corresponding position of the at least one sensor.
  • the cutting edge and the bulk material flow are aligned relative to one another based on the control signal in such a way that the first bulk material fraction comes to lie essentially on one side and the second bulk material fraction essentially on the other side of the cutting edge.
  • the generation of the control signal from the number current and position can take place, for example, in a controller or a computer.
  • the position of the sensor can be recorded with a position measuring system which determines the position of the sensor based on a fixed reference point.
  • the position measuring system can then output corresponding position data, which are then processed together with the number current to form the control signal.
  • the at least one sensor is preferably arranged in such a way that it monitors said detection area.
  • the cutting edge is preferably positioned by means of the control signal essentially there where the number of particles determined by means of the at least one sensor is minimal.
  • the at least one sensor is preferably arranged in such a way that it only detects the particles striking in the detection area.
  • the particles outside the detection area are not detected by the at least one sensor. Since the detection area is smaller than the entire extent of the bulk material flow, only part of the bulk material flow is covered with the sensor. This part of the bulk material flow is not representative of the concentrate or the residue or one of the bulk material fractions in terms of the number flow distribution.
  • the at least one sensor or the detection area is preferably arranged in such a way that it only detects or includes the particles that strike in the area of the cutting edge.
  • the area of the cutting edge includes the cutting edge itself and a few centimeters above and on both sides of the cutting edge. It is particularly preferred to detect particles just above the cutting edge.
  • the sorting device is particularly preferably designed in such a way that the cutting edge can be positioned relative to the bulk material flow in the area of the point at which the number flow of particles is minimal and / or that the bulk material flow to the cutting edge can be positioned at the point at which the number flow from the sensor captured particles is minimal.
  • the distribution function of the number flow of particles can be determined over the corresponding positions of the at least one sensor, in particular over the cutting edge and to the side of the cutting edge, with a relative minimum of the distribution function or a relative minimum of a derivative of the Distribution function is calculable, the control signal can be provided based on the relative minimum.
  • the position of the at least one sensor relative to the flow of bulk material and / or the cutting edge is varied during operation parallel to the cutting edge but transversely to the longitudinal axis of the splitter opposite the flow of bulk material.
  • the position of the respective sensor in relation to a fixed reference point is recorded.
  • several sensors with several measuring sections parallel to the cutting edge can be provided.
  • the at least one sensor is preferably arranged fixedly to the cutting edge or integrated into the cutting edge, the at least one sensor and cutting edge being able to be moved together to detect the particles at different positions.
  • the at least one sensor for detecting the particles can be moved to different positions independently of the cutting edge. The detection of the number of currents can thus take place independently of the actual position of the cutting edge.
  • the at least one sensor is particularly preferably located in a detection area up to 50 centimeters, in particular up to 25 centimeters, preferably up to 10 centimeters and particularly preferably up to 5 centimeters from the cutting edge.
  • the sensor is preferably an optical sensor, in particular a light barrier, and / or a pressure-sensitive sensor and / or an acoustic sensor, such as a structure-borne sound microphone. Other sensors can also be used.
  • the cutting edge is preferably designed with a positioning device with which the cutting edge can be positioned relative to the bulk material flows based on the control signal.
  • the sorting device preferably has product outlets via which the sorted bulk material fractions can be delivered by the sorting device, wherein in the area of the Product outlets further sensors for detecting the particles that can be released via the product outlets are arranged.
  • three parallel sensors are positioned along the horizontal just above the cutting edge and are firmly connected to the latter, the middle sensor lying approximately above the cutting edge.
  • the three sensors can also be positioned a few centimeters to the side.
  • the count rate on the middle sensor is lower than in the two flanking sensors. If this condition is no longer given, then the minimum has evidently emigrated from the optimal position. In this case, the cutting edge with the sensors attached to it is moved until the middle sensor again shows a minimum compared to the flanking sensors (alternatively, the belt speed is varied minimally without the sensor and the cutting edge being moved).
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that it is independent of fluctuations in the feed quantity.
  • a bulk goods sorting system comprises a sorting device (also referred to as a bulk goods sorter) as described above and a bulk material separator, with which the bulk material can be separated into the bulk material fractions in such a way that the bulk material fractions only partially or not overlap.
  • the bulk material separator is only used to divide the bulk material into the two areas that do not or only partially overlap, but not for sorting them.
  • the bulk material separator is arranged upstream of the bulk material sorter, seen in the direction of flow of the bulk material.
  • the bulk material separator is preferably an eddy current separator and / or a magnetic separator and / or an electrostatic separator and / or a sensor sorter.
  • the bulk goods sorting system preferably further comprises a conveying means with which the bulk goods to be separated can be fed to the bulk goods separator.
  • a bulk goods sorting system with a conveyor, and an exciter for a separating force, and a cutting edge, and a sensor for detecting particles, is characterized in that the sensor detects the particles impacting on the cutting edge.
  • a bulk goods sorting system is characterized in that the sensor detects the particles on the basis of mechanical impulses, in particular by means of a microphone.
  • a bulk goods sorting system is characterized in that the sensor detects the particles by optical methods, in particular by means of a light barrier.
  • a bulk goods sorting system is characterized in that the sensor is permanently connected to the cutting edge or is integrated into it.
  • a bulk goods sorting system is characterized in that, in addition to the sensor, further sensors are provided for detecting particles in the area of the product discharges.
  • a bulk goods sorting system is characterized in that it is an eddy current separator or a magnetic separator or an electrostatic separator or a sensor sorter.
  • a bulk sorting according to another aspect by means of a bulk sorter, which contains a conveying means, and an exciter for a separating force, and a cutting edge, and a sensor for detecting particles, is characterized in that the particles hitting the cutting edge are detected with the sensor and that this signal is used to optimize the separation result.
  • a bulk goods sorting according to the above aspect is characterized in that the count rate is determined from the signal detected by the sensor and that the number distribution function is determined from the count rate, and that a relative minimum of the number distribution function or a relative minimum of a derivative of the number Distribution function is used to optimize the separation result.
  • a bulk goods sorting according to the above aspect is characterized in that the signal from the sensor or a variable derived from this signal is used for positioning the cutting edge.
  • a bulk goods sorting according to the above aspect is characterized in that the signal from the sensor or a quantity derived therefrom is used to influence the flight trajectories of the particles, in particular by changing the speed of the conveyor and / or the exciter of the separating force.
  • a bulk goods sorting according to the above aspect is characterized in that the position of the sensor is varied during operation in order to determine a relative minimum of the number distribution function, or a relative minimum of a derivative of the number distribution function.
  • Sorting bulk goods according to the above aspect is characterized in that the cutting edge is positioned with suppressed cutting force at the distance from the active position of the exciter of the cutting force at which the signal detected by the sensor just reaches a predetermined value, e.g. zero.
  • a bulk goods sorting system 12 is shown schematically.
  • the bulk material sorting system comprises a sorting device 13 and a bulk material separator 14. With the bulk material separator 14, a bulk material flow S can be separated into a first bulk material fraction S1 and a second bulk material fraction S2. The two bulk material fractions S1 and S2 then hit the sorting device 13 and are sorted from one another there.
  • the first bulk material fraction S1 comprises particles 11 and the second bulk material fraction S2 comprises particles 10.
  • the particles 11 are to be sorted from the particles 10.
  • the sorting device 13 comprises a splitter 1 with a cutting edge, which is to be positioned between the two bulk material fractions S1, S2 so that the particles 11 come to lie on one side and the particles 10 on the other side of the cutting edge.
  • the sorting device 13 further comprises a sensor 2 with which the particles 10, 11 of the two bulk material fractions S1, S2 occurring in the region of the cutting edge can be detected.
  • the cutting edge runs essentially horizontally.
  • the bulk material separator 14 can be an eddy current separator according to FIG Figure 6 be.
  • the bulk material separator 14 can also be designed differently, e.g. as a magnetic separator ( Fig. 7 ) or as an electrostatic separator ( Fig. 8 ).
  • a magnetic separator Fig. 7
  • electrostatic separator Fig. 8
  • Such bulk material separators with which a bulk material flow S can be divided into two or more bulk material fractions are known from the prior art.
  • the bulk material separator 14 comprises a material feed 7 and an exciter 5 for the separating force, with which the bulk material flow can be separated.
  • the bulk material flow S is directed onto the cutting edge to be positioned between the bulk material fractions S1, S2 and the at least one sensor 2.
  • the bulk material fractions S1, S2 do not overlap or only partially overlap.
  • Slightly above the cutting edge means, for example, in an area of a maximum of 50 centimeters, in particular a maximum of 10 centimeters vertically above the cutting edge.
  • the at least one sensor 2 detects the number of particles flowing through a detection area of the at least one sensor.
  • a control signal is provided based on a link between the sensor position and the number of currents detected at this point.
  • the cutting edge and the bulk material flow S are aligned relative to one another based on the control signal in such a way that the first bulk material fraction S1 is essentially on one side and the second bulk material fraction S2 essentially on the other side of the splitter 1. As a result, the bulk material fractions are simply divided from one another.
  • a number flow is understood to mean the number of particles impinging on it over a predetermined time unit.
  • the unit of time can be a minute or a second.
  • the relative alignment between cutting edge and bulk material flow S is preferably carried out in such a way that the number of particles in the area of the cutting edge is minimal.
  • the cutting edge is therefore positioned at the minimum, while the sensor can be completely elsewhere.
  • the sensor is only necessarily at a minimum if it is firmly mounted on the cutting edge.
  • the particles striking in the area of the cutting edge are detected by means of sensor 2.
  • the current count rate determined in this way is compared with the count rate at another position in the particle stream S and used to position the cutting edge and / or to influence the particle flight trajectories.
  • the cutting edge is positioned in such a way that the current counting rate is in a relative minimum compared to the counting rates after a slight shift of the cutting edge to the right or left.
  • the number of particles in one or both products of the separation is not determined directly or indirectly by measuring representative partial flows, but the, preferably horizontally, spatially resolved particle flow distribution is determined.
  • the detection area extends, in contrast to WO2012 / 118373A1 preferably not over the entire width of the bulk material flows S1 and S2, but only on the areas of the bulk material flows that are adjacent (the right flank of S1 and the left flank of S1), ie the area between the two "bumps", and in particular the areas in which the bulk material flows S1 and S2 overlap.
  • the senor 2 is connected via a data processing unit 3 to an actuator 4, which positions the cutting edge, and / or to a means for changing the flight trajectories of the particles, in particular the drive of the conveyor 7 and / or with the exciter 5 of the Separation force.
  • the data processing unit 3 can also be referred to as a controller or control unit.
  • the sensor 2 can be designed in various ways.
  • the sensor can be an optical sensor, such as a light barrier ( Figure 5a below).
  • the sensor can also be designed as a pressure-sensitive sensor or as an acoustic sensor.
  • the sensor 2 can be firmly connected to the cutting edge or it can be designed to be displaceable relative to the cutting edge.
  • sensors 2, 2a, 2b can also be arranged.
  • sensor 2 is located in the area of the cutting edge and sensors 2a, 2b are spaced apart to the left and right of the cutting edge. All three sensors are connected to the data processing unit 3. Using the sensor data, said control signal can then be provided based on the measured particle flow and the corresponding sensor position.
  • the at least one sensor 2 is preferably arranged in such a way that it detects a determined area of the occurring particles (the “detection area” defined above), but not those particles which are outside the determined area. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one sensor is arranged such that it only detects the particles occurring in the area of the cutting edge.
  • a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention consists in using a structure-borne sound microphone as sensor 2, which is integrated in the cutting edge and detects the impact noise of the particles on the cutting edge ( Figure 5a above).
  • the structure-borne sound microphone is an example of an acoustic sensor.
  • sensors can be used that detect particles immediately before they hit the cutting edge, for example by means of a light barrier or by disturbing an electrical field. Instead of determining the count rate directly, it can also be derived from other measurements, for example by measuring the pulse transmitted to the sensor.
  • the sensor 2 is rigidly connected to the cutting edge in this case.
  • the position of the cutting edge is preferably set via the count rate, e.g. using a worm gear.
  • a manual setting of the cutting edge for example based on an acoustic signal, would also be conceivable.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is that the sensor periodically (e.g. once per minute) scans the counting rate in the vicinity of the current cutting edge position (e.g. +/- 30 cm) and then positions the cutting edge in the relative minimum of the number distribution function measured in this way becomes.
  • the sensor periodically (e.g. once per minute) scans the counting rate in the vicinity of the current cutting edge position (e.g. +/- 30 cm) and then positions the cutting edge in the relative minimum of the number distribution function measured in this way becomes.
  • sensors 2a and 2b can be installed, as in FIG Figure 5a sketched below.
  • a shift in the minimum of q 0 (x) could also be measured during operation without periodic scanning by shifting the cutting edge.
  • the central sensor 2 measures a lower counting rate than the two flanking sensors 2a and 2b.
  • the counting rate minimum shifts to the right, for example, then the counting rate of sensor 2b becomes lower than that of 2 and 2a.
  • the data processing would move the sensors further to the right via an actuator until sensor 2 again outputs lower counting rates than sensors 2a and 2b, i.e. the new minimum of the number distribution function has been found.
  • the cutting edge is now moved into this position.
  • the optimal area for the positioning of the cutting edge is not marked by a relative minimum but only by a turning point of the number distribution function becomes ( Fig. 3 below).
  • the optimal cutting edge position would result as the minimum of the first derivative of the number distribution function q 0 (x) according to the horizontal distance x.
  • a particular advantage of the device according to the invention is the possibility of very simple optimization of the cutting edge position by temporarily suppressing the cutting force ( Fig. 4 ).
  • the exciter 5 of the separating force is briefly switched off during operation or transferred from its "active position" 5 to a "neutral position” 5a, so that no separating force acts on the material 10 and consequently no deflection takes place.
  • the material 10, like the material 11, follows the trajectories for the horizontal throw, i.e. those of S1.
  • the cutting edge with the integrated sensor 2 is then moved to the left from a basic position x 0 and positioned at x min where the counting rate just exceeds zero.
  • the exciter 5 of the separating force is then switched on again or moved back into the active position.
  • the cutting edge was automatically positioned so that only particles 10 overcome the cutting edge and are transferred into the concentrate.
  • a similar procedure can also be used, for example, in the start-up procedure of the Bulk goods sorting system are locked so that the cutting edge is already positioned before the exciter 5 of the cutting force is switched on.
  • Three parallel sensors are positioned along the horizontal just above the cutting edge and are firmly connected to it, with the middle sensor lying approximately above the cutting edge ( Figure 5b above).
  • the three sensors can also be positioned a few centimeters to the side of the cutting edge, as in Figure 5b shown (middle and bottom).
  • the count rate on the middle sensor is lower than in the two flanking ones. If this condition is no longer met, then the minimum has evidently emigrated.
  • the cutting edge with the sensors attached to it is moved until the middle sensor again shows a minimum compared to the flanking sensors (alternatively, the belt speed is varied minimally without the sensor and the cutting edge being moved).
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that it is independent of fluctuations in the feed quantity.
  • the sensors are not permanently connected to the cutting edge so that the sensors can be moved independently of the cutting edge.

Landscapes

  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
EP15816128.1A 2014-12-15 2015-12-15 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum sortieren von schüttgut Active EP3233312B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH19322014 2014-12-15
PCT/EP2015/079721 WO2016096802A1 (de) 2014-12-15 2015-12-15 Verfahren und vorrichtung für schüttgutsortierer

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EP3233312B1 true EP3233312B1 (de) 2021-02-17

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AT520710B1 (de) * 2017-11-24 2022-07-15 Ife Aufbereitungstechnik Gmbh Magnetscheider
DE102020110976B4 (de) * 2020-04-22 2023-12-21 Separation AG Optische Sortieranlage für die Sortierung von Granulatpartikeln
DE102021132539B3 (de) * 2021-12-09 2023-03-02 Stadler Anlagenbau Gmbh Prozesseinheit, Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Prozesseinheit, Sortieranlage und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Sortieranlage
DE102022106004A1 (de) 2022-03-15 2023-09-21 IMRO-Maschinenbau GmbH Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von Objekten und Verfahren zum Einstellen einer Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von Objekten

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US4718559A (en) * 1982-07-12 1988-01-12 Magnetic Separation Systems, Inc. Process for recovery of non-ferrous metallic concentrate from solid waste
US6060677A (en) * 1994-08-19 2000-05-09 Tiedemanns-Jon H. Andresen Ans Determination of characteristics of material
DK2412452T3 (da) * 2010-07-28 2013-09-08 Inashco R & D B V Separationsapparatur
NL2006306C2 (en) 2011-02-28 2012-08-29 Inashco R & D B V Eddy current seperation apparatus, separation module, separation method and method for adjusting an eddy current separation apparatus.
EP3322544B1 (en) * 2015-07-16 2022-06-08 Sortera Alloys, Inc. Material sorting system

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US10576506B2 (en) 2020-03-03
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WO2016096802A1 (de) 2016-06-23
EP3233312A1 (de) 2017-10-25

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