EP3221876B1 - Switching device - Google Patents

Switching device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3221876B1
EP3221876B1 EP15790490.5A EP15790490A EP3221876B1 EP 3221876 B1 EP3221876 B1 EP 3221876B1 EP 15790490 A EP15790490 A EP 15790490A EP 3221876 B1 EP3221876 B1 EP 3221876B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching device
switching
arc extinguishing
leg
apertures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP15790490.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3221876A1 (en
Inventor
Johann Koppensteiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd
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Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3221876A1 publication Critical patent/EP3221876A1/en
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Publication of EP3221876B1 publication Critical patent/EP3221876B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/346—Details concerning the arc formation chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/18—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/04—Contacts
    • H01H73/045—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/12—Means for indicating condition of the switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/36—Metal parts
    • H01H9/362—Mounting of plates in arc chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • an electrical switching device such as a three-phase contactor, known with a uniform housing structure.
  • the housing is made of a thermoplastic material that is cast in one piece. The thermoplastic can be partially protected by shields within the phase sections, such as arc quenching assemblies in the form of splitter plate assemblies, from plasma and arcs.
  • a splitter assembly comprises a plurality of splitter plates arranged vertically in parallel, which are supported by lateral plate holders. Splitter plate assemblies are arranged in pairs for each phase contact device, and each shunt plate is provided above each pair of assemblies, which serve to complete temporary current paths in opening and closing the respective phase contact device.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a switching device with an arc extinguishing arrangement, which allows a review of occurring in the arc extinguishing device, in particular when switching high-power DC currents effects.
  • a DC switching device which has a high switching capacity at direct currents, and which is therefore suitable for switching direct currents of high power.
  • an alternating current switching device can be developed as well.
  • this can also be a switching device to be created, which has a respect to the mass fraction significantly reduced cost of transformer plate for the yoke of the arc quenching device. It has been shown in test series and simulations that the magnetic effect of the yoke is not adversely affected by the openings. As a result, a switching device can be created which requires less resources. As a result, in addition, the mass of the switching device can be reduced, whereby the energy consumption for its transport can be reduced.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a switching device 1 with at least one electrical input 2 and at least one electrical output 3, and at least a first switching contact 4, a second switching contact 5 and a movable switching bridge 11, wherein a current path from the input 2 to the output 3 is electrically conductive when the first switching contact 4 and the second switching contact 5 are conductively connected by means of the switching bridge 11, wherein the switching device 1 further a Arc extinguishing arrangement 6 having at least one arc extinguishing chamber 7, wherein outside of the at least one arc extinguishing chamber 7 partially U-shaped yoke 8 is arranged, wherein at least a first leg 9 of the U-shaped yoke 8 has a predetermined plurality of openings 10.
  • a switching device 1 As a result, the effects actually occurring during switch-off processes in an arc extinguishing arrangement 6 can be visually checked.
  • a DC switching device By using such a switching device 1 as a research and development tool, in particular, a DC switching device can be provided, which has a high switching capacity at direct currents, and which is therefore suitable for switching direct currents of high power.
  • an alternating current switching device can be developed as well.
  • this can also be a switching device 1 are created, which has a respect to the mass fraction significantly reduced cost of transformer plate for the yoke 8 of the arc quenching device 6. It has been shown in test series and simulations that the magnetic effect of the yoke 8 is not adversely affected by the openings 10. As a result, a switching device 1 can be created, which requires less resources. As a result, in addition, the mass of the switching device 1 can be reduced, whereby the energy consumption for its transport can be reduced.
  • the subject invention relates to switching devices 1, which are provided in particular for the switching of direct currents and specially designed.
  • the invention relates to DC switching devices, which are intended and designed for the intended switching high voltages in the range of several hundred volts, about 600V operating voltage, as well as currents in the two-digit ampere range. With such currents, special requirements are placed on the arc quenching device 6, since arcs are difficult to extinguish in DC due to the lack of zero crossing.
  • the invention will be described with reference to a preferred embodiment of a switching device 1 as a DC switching device with a single switching path closer. However, it is also possible to provide designs with several parallel switching paths.
  • An objective switching device 1 has an electrical input 2 and an electrical output 3, which are preferably designed as screw terminals, as well as in Fig. 1 shown. Furthermore, the switching device 1 on a Isolierstoffgeophuse.
  • the switching device 1 has a single switching path, wherein according to the illustrated preferred embodiment, a double interruption of this single switching path is provided. However, it can also be provided a simple interruption of the switching path, the invention being described without a mandatory restriction to a double interruption on the basis of the preferred embodiment.
  • the first and the second switching contact 4, 5 are fixed to the housing, and can be electrically connected by a movable switching bridge 11, whereby an electrically conductive current path from the input 2 to the output 3 is formed. It is provided that the position of the switching bridge 11 by the shift lever 19 is manually controlled. It is preferably provided that the shift lever 19 acts on the switching bridge 11 via a snap-action mechanism in order to achieve a sudden opening and closing of the switching path. It may also be provided to carry out the representational switching device 1 as a so-called. Self-switch, which has one or more triggers 16, such as an overcurrent release and / or a short-circuit release. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the switching device 1 has a switching mechanism 17, in particular in execution of the same as a self-switch.
  • the switching bridge 11 While two , As having electrical contacts formed areas to contact with the first switching contact 4 and the second switching contact 5, this is referred to in the diction of the subject application only as a switching bridge 11. It can also be provided that also the first switching contact 4 and the second switching contact 5 are designed as movable electrical contacts.
  • the switching device 1 further comprises an arc extinguishing arrangement 6 in order to extinguish arcs which occur in the course of a switching operation. This is to prevent that due to so-called “stationary” arcs continue to flow through the switching device 1 and also due to the thermal effect of the arcs damage to the switching device 1 takes place. Such arcs occur in particular during a switch-off.
  • Switching off here refers to the separation of the switching bridge 11 of the first and second electrical switching contact 4, 5 for preventing a current flow through the switching device 1. The physical relationships in the ignition of an arc are described in the law of induction.
  • Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the arc extinguishing arrangement 6.
  • the first switching contact 4 and the second switching contact 5 are shown, but these are shown without any further contacting, only to illustrate their arrangement relative to the respective arc extinguishing chambers 7, 15.
  • the arc extinguishing arrangement 6 has at least one arc extinguishing chamber 7, which may also be referred to as the first arc extinguishing chamber 7.
  • the arc extinguishing arrangement 6 further comprises a second arc quenching chamber 15. It is preferably provided that the first arc quenching chamber 7 is assigned to the first switching contact 4, and that the second arc quenching chamber 15 is assigned to the second switching contact 5.
  • the term "assigned" refers in this context to an arrangement of the relevant arc quenching chamber 7, 15 with respect to the indicated switching contact 4, 5 in such a way that an emerging at the switching contact 4, 5 arc its way into or to the relevant arc quenching chamber 7, 15th finds or should find.
  • Fig. 2 shows the two switching contacts 4, 5 in the region of the respective arc quenching chamber 7, 15th
  • first arc quenching chamber 7 and the second arc quenching chamber 15 are arranged parallel to each other, as in FIG Fig. 2 and 3 shown.
  • first arc quenching chamber 7 and the second arc quenching chamber 15 are each a plurality of quenching plates 13 spaced from each other.
  • the quenching plates 13 are arranged in a conventional manner in a plastic wall 12 of the first arc quenching chamber 7 and the second arc quenching chamber 15.
  • the quenching plates 13 are preferably held with small projections in corresponding, not shown, recesses of the plastic wall 12.
  • the switching device 1 has a U-shaped yoke 8, which is partially arranged outside the at least one arc extinguishing chamber 7. As in Fig. 2 In the preferred embodiment, with two arc extinguishing chambers 7, 15, the yoke encloses both arc extinguishing chambers 7, 15. The yoke 8 serves to predeterminable influencing of the magnetic properties in the area of the arc extinguishing arrangement 6.
  • the U-shaped yoke 8 in this case has a first leg 9 and a second leg 14, and one, the two legs 9, 14 connecting web 18, and is preferably made of so-called. Transformer sheet or electrical steel or other suitable soft magnetic material.
  • At least one first leg 9 of the U-shaped yoke 8 has a predeterminable plurality of predeterminable apertures 10. This makes it possible to visually track an arc.
  • the corresponding apertures 10 are therefore provided or arranged in particular to allow a view of the interior of the arc extinguishing arrangement 6, for example in the course of the new development of an arc extinguishing arrangement 6.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 7, 15 delimiting plastic wall 12 is formed at least in the region of the first leg 9 of the U-shaped yoke 8 at least translucent.
  • the insulating housing of the relevant switching device 1 has at least one correspondingly translucent area.
  • the plastic wall 12 as well as the insulating material of a substantially transparent or translucent plastic formed. As in Fig. 2 can be seen, the plastic wall 12 between the yoke 8 and the quenching plates 13 is arranged.
  • the perforations 10 may have any shape, and in particular with regard to their shape and their arrangement on the at least one leg 9, 14 adapted to an expected course of an arc, or to certain magnetic properties.
  • the openings 10 are substantially round, in particular circular, or angular, in particular hexagonal, are formed. This allows both a dense packing and a simple production of the openings 10th Fig. 3 shows a U-shaped yoke 8 with circular openings 10, wherein, of course, at the edge regions no completely round apertures 10 are arranged.
  • the openings 10 are arranged in the form of a substantially regular pattern in the first and / or second leg 9, 14 of the U-shaped yoke 8, as for example in FIG Fig. 3 is shown.
  • the apertures 10 are arranged in such a way in the first and / or second leg 9, 14, that a substantially homogeneous flux density between the legs 9, 14 is achieved. This is approximately in the training according to the subject Fig. 1 to 3 given.
  • the openings 10 occupy a large area of the legs 9, 14. It is therefore preferably provided that the apertures 10 are formed such that a sum of all openings 10 of the first and / or second leg 9, 14 of the U-shaped yoke 8 is greater than 50% of the area of the first and second leg 9, 14 is.
  • the two legs 9, 14 are formed substantially the same. This results in magnetic properties that are the same on both sides of the yoke 8, and allows a view of both sides of the arc extinguishing assembly 6.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schaltgerät gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a switching device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Es sind Schaltgeräte bekannt, welche insbesondere zum Schalten von Gleichströmen vorgesehen bzw. ausgebildet sind. Beim Schalten von Gleichströmen treten besondere Effekte auf, welche beim Schalten von Wechselströmen nicht in der selben Form berücksichtigt werden müssen. Jedoch war die Anwendung von Gleichstrom über lange Zeit in der Regel auf den Kleinleistungsbereich beschränkt, in welchem kaum Probleme beim Schalten der Gleichströme auftraten.There are switching devices are known which are provided or designed in particular for switching DC currents. When switching DC currents, special effects occur that do not have to be considered in the same form when switching AC currents. However, the use of direct current for a long time was usually limited to the low power range in which there were hardly any problems in switching the direct currents.

Seit der Verbreitung von Fotovoltaikanwendungen sowie leistungsstarker Batterie-Back-up-Systeme für EDV-Serveranlagen ist es erforderlich auch Gleichströme höherer Spannung und Leistung zu Schalten. Dabei haben sich die bekannten Wechselstromschaltgeräte als in vielen Belangen ungeeignet erwiesen. So kann es etwa beim Schalten von Gleichströmen mit einem Wechselstromschalter selbst bei Spannungen und Strömen weit unter den maximalen Wechselstrom-Leistungsgrenzen des betreffenden Wechselstromschalters zu dessen Totalverlust kommen. Dies kann in weiterer Folge, neben dem Ausfall einer elektrischen Anlage, auch zu einem Brand führen.Since the proliferation of photovoltaic applications and high-performance battery back-up systems for computerized server systems, it is also necessary to switch DC currents of higher voltage and power. The known AC switchgear have proved unsuitable in many respects. For example, when switching DC currents with an AC switch, even at voltages and currents far below the maximum AC power limits of the AC switch concerned, it can result in its total loss. As a result, in addition to the failure of an electrical system, this can also lead to a fire.

Aus der US 6 417 749 B1 ist ein elektrisches Schaltgerät, wie z.B. ein Drehstromschütz, mit einem einheitlichen Gehäuseaufbau bekannt. Im Gehäuse befinden sich innenliegende Trennwände zum Trennen eines Bedienfeldes von den Kontaktbereichen und zum Trennen der Phasenabschnitte voneinander. Die Trennwände sind untereinander und mit den Seitenwänden des Gehäuses verbunden, wodurch der Plasmastrom innerhalb der Gehäusehohlräume verhindert wird. Das Gehäuse besteht aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, der aus einem Stück gegossen wird. Der Thermoplast kann teilweise durch Abschirmungen innerhalb der Phasenabschnitte, wie z.B. Lichtbogenlöschanordnungen in Form von Splitterplattenbaugruppen, vor Plasma und Lichtbögen geschützt werden. Eine Splitterbaugruppe umfasst mehrere, vertikal parallel angeordnete Splitterplatten, die von seitlichen Plattenhaltern gestützt werden. Splitterplattenbaugruppen sind für jede Phasenkontaktvorrichtung paarweise angeordnet, und über jedem Baugruppenpaar ist jeweils eine Shuntplatte vorgesehen, die zum Vervollständigen temporärer Strombahnen beim Öffnen und Schließen der jeweiligen Phasenkontaktvorrichtung dienen.From the US Pat. No. 6,417,749 B1 is an electrical switching device, such as a three-phase contactor, known with a uniform housing structure. In the housing are internal partitions for separating a control panel from the contact areas and for separating the phase sections from each other. The partitions are interconnected and connected to the sidewalls of the housing, thereby preventing the plasma flow within the housing cavities. The housing is made of a thermoplastic material that is cast in one piece. The thermoplastic can be partially protected by shields within the phase sections, such as arc quenching assemblies in the form of splitter plate assemblies, from plasma and arcs. A splitter assembly comprises a plurality of splitter plates arranged vertically in parallel, which are supported by lateral plate holders. Splitter plate assemblies are arranged in pairs for each phase contact device, and each shunt plate is provided above each pair of assemblies, which serve to complete temporary current paths in opening and closing the respective phase contact device.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Schaltgerät mit einer Lichtbogenlöschanordnung zu schaffen, welches eine Überprüfung von in der Lichtbogenlöschanordnung insbesondere beim Schalten von Gleichströmen hoher Leistung auftretenden Effekten ermöglicht.The object of the invention is to provide a switching device with an arc extinguishing arrangement, which allows a review of occurring in the arc extinguishing device, in particular when switching high-power DC currents effects.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 erreicht.This is achieved by the features of claim 1 according to the invention.

Dadurch können die tatsächlich bei Abschaltvorgängen in einer Lichtbogenlöschanordnung auftretenden Effekte optisch überprüft werden. Durch den Einsatz eines derartigen Schaltgeräts als Forschungs- bzw. Entwicklungswerkzeug kann insbesondere ein Gleichstromschaltgerät geschaffen werden, welches ein hohes Schaltvermögen bei Gleichströmen aufweist, und welches daher dazu geeignet ist, Gleichströme hoher Leistung zu schalten. Dabei kann selbstverständlich auch ein Wechselstromschaltgerät entwickelt werden. Weiters kann dadurch auch ein Schaltgerät geschaffen werden, welches einen hinsichtlich des Massenanteils deutlich reduzierten Aufwand an Transformatorblech für das Joch der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung aufweist. Es hat sich bei Versuchsreihen und Simulationen gezeigt, dass die magnetische Wirkung des Joches durch die Durchbrechungen nicht negativ beeinflusst wird. Dadurch kann ein Schaltgerät geschaffen werden, welches einen geringeren Aufwand an Ressourcen benötigt. Dadurch kann zudem die Masse des Schaltgeräts verringert werden, wodurch auch der Energieaufwand zu dessen Transport gesenkt werden kann.As a result, the effects actually occurring during switch-off processes in an arc-extinguishing arrangement can be visually checked. By using such a switching device as a research and development tool, in particular, a DC switching device can be created which has a high switching capacity at direct currents, and which is therefore suitable for switching direct currents of high power. Of course, an alternating current switching device can be developed as well. Furthermore, this can also be a switching device to be created, which has a respect to the mass fraction significantly reduced cost of transformer plate for the yoke of the arc quenching device. It has been shown in test series and simulations that the magnetic effect of the yoke is not adversely affected by the openings. As a result, a switching device can be created which requires less resources. As a result, in addition, the mass of the switching device can be reduced, whereby the energy consumption for its transport can be reduced.

Die Unteransprüche betreffen weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung.The subclaims relate to further advantageous embodiments of the invention.

Ausdrücklich wird hiermit auf den Wortlaut der Patentansprüche Bezug genommen, wodurch die Ansprüche an dieser Stelle durch Bezugnahme in die Beschreibung eingefügt sind und als wörtlich wiedergegeben gelten.It is hereby expressly referred to the wording of the claims, whereby the claims at this point are incorporated by reference into the description and are considered to be reproduced verbatim.

Die Erfindung wird unter Bezugnahme auf die beigeschlossenen Zeichnungen, in welchen eine lediglich bevorzugte Ausführungsform beispielhaft dargestellt ist, näher beschrieben. Dabei zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 eine Ausführungsform eines gegenständlichen Schaltgeräts im Aufriss;
  • Fig. 2 Teile der Lichtbogenlöschanordnung des Schaltgeräts gemäß Fig. 1 in axonometrischer Darstellung; und
  • Fig. 3 das U-förmige Joch der Lichtbogenlöschanordnung gemäß Fig. 2 in axonometrischer Darstellung.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a merely preferred embodiment is shown by way of example. Showing:
  • Fig. 1 an embodiment of an objective switching device in elevation;
  • Fig. 2 Parts of the arc extinguishing arrangement of the switching device according to Fig. 1 in axonometric representation; and
  • Fig. 3 the U-shaped yoke of the arc extinguishing arrangement according to Fig. 2 in axonometric representation.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt ein Schaltgerät 1 mit wenigstens einem elektrischen Eingang 2 sowie wenigstens einem elektrischen Ausgang 3, sowie mit wenigstens einem ersten Schaltkontakt 4, einem zweiten Schaltkontakt 5 und einer beweglichen Schaltbrücke 11, wobei ein Strompfad vom Eingang 2 zum Ausgang 3 elektrisch leitend ist, wenn der erste Schaltkontakt 4 und der zweite Schaltkontakt 5 mittels der Schaltbrücke 11 leitend verbunden sind, wobei das Schaltgerät 1 weiters eine Lichtbogenlöschanordnung 6 mit wenigstens einer Lichtbogenlöschkammer 7 aufweist, wobei außen um die wenigstens eine Lichtbogenlöschkammer 7 bereichsweise ein U-förmiges Joch 8 angeordnet ist, wobei wenigstens ein erster Schenkel 9 des U-förmigen Jochs 8 eine vorgebbare Mehrzahl Durchbrechungen 10 aufweist.The Fig. 1 shows a switching device 1 with at least one electrical input 2 and at least one electrical output 3, and at least a first switching contact 4, a second switching contact 5 and a movable switching bridge 11, wherein a current path from the input 2 to the output 3 is electrically conductive when the first switching contact 4 and the second switching contact 5 are conductively connected by means of the switching bridge 11, wherein the switching device 1 further a Arc extinguishing arrangement 6 having at least one arc extinguishing chamber 7, wherein outside of the at least one arc extinguishing chamber 7 partially U-shaped yoke 8 is arranged, wherein at least a first leg 9 of the U-shaped yoke 8 has a predetermined plurality of openings 10.

Dadurch können die tatsächlich bei Abschaltvorgängen in einer Lichtbogenlöschanordnung 6 auftretenden Effekte optisch überprüft werden. Durch den Einsatz eines derartigen Schaltgeräts 1 als Forschungs- bzw. Entwicklungswerkzeug kann insbesondere ein Gleichstromschaltgerät geschaffen werden, welches ein hohes Schaltvermögen bei Gleichströmen aufweist, und welches daher dazu geeignet ist, Gleichströme hoher Leistung zu schalten. Dabei kann selbstverständlich auch ein Wechselstromschaltgerät entwickelt werden. Weiters kann dadurch auch ein Schaltgerät 1 geschaffen werden, welches einen hinsichtlich des Massenanteils deutlich reduzierten Aufwand an Transformatorblech für das Joch 8 der Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 6 aufweist. Es hat sich bei Versuchsreihen und Simulationen gezeigt, dass die magnetische Wirkung des Joches 8 durch die Durchbrechungen 10 nicht negativ beeinflusst wird. Dadurch kann ein Schaltgerät 1 geschaffen werden, welches einen geringeren Aufwand an Ressourcen benötigt. Dadurch kann zudem die Masse des Schaltgeräts 1 verringert werden, wodurch auch der Energieaufwand zu dessen Transport gesenkt werden kann.As a result, the effects actually occurring during switch-off processes in an arc extinguishing arrangement 6 can be visually checked. By using such a switching device 1 as a research and development tool, in particular, a DC switching device can be provided, which has a high switching capacity at direct currents, and which is therefore suitable for switching direct currents of high power. Of course, an alternating current switching device can be developed as well. Furthermore, this can also be a switching device 1 are created, which has a respect to the mass fraction significantly reduced cost of transformer plate for the yoke 8 of the arc quenching device 6. It has been shown in test series and simulations that the magnetic effect of the yoke 8 is not adversely affected by the openings 10. As a result, a switching device 1 can be created, which requires less resources. As a result, in addition, the mass of the switching device 1 can be reduced, whereby the energy consumption for its transport can be reduced.

Die gegenständliche Erfindung betrifft Schaltgeräte 1, welche insbesondere für das Schalten von Gleichströmen vorgesehen und speziell ausgebildet sind. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung Gleichstromschaltgeräte, welche zum bestimmungsgemäßen Schalten hoher Spannungen im Bereich mehrerer Hundert Volt, etwa 600V Betriebsspannung, sowie von Strömen im zweistelligen Amperebereich vorgesehen und ausgebildet sind. Bei derartigen Strömen werden besondere Anforderungen an die Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung 6 gestellt, da Lichtbögen bei Gleichstrom aufgrund des fehlenden Nulldurchganges nur schwer zu löschen sind.The subject invention relates to switching devices 1, which are provided in particular for the switching of direct currents and specially designed. In particular, the invention relates to DC switching devices, which are intended and designed for the intended switching high voltages in the range of several hundred volts, about 600V operating voltage, as well as currents in the two-digit ampere range. With such currents, special requirements are placed on the arc quenching device 6, since arcs are difficult to extinguish in DC due to the lack of zero crossing.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines Schaltgeräts 1 als Gleichstromschaltgerät mit einer einzelnen Schaltstrecke näher beschrieben. Es können aber auch Ausführungen mit mehreren parallelen Schaltstrecken vorgesehen sein.The invention will be described with reference to a preferred embodiment of a switching device 1 as a DC switching device with a single switching path closer. However, it is also possible to provide designs with several parallel switching paths.

Ein gegenständliches Schaltgerät 1 weist einen elektrischen Eingang 2 sowie einen elektrischen Ausgang 3 auf, welche bevorzugt als Schraubklemmen ausgebildet sind, wie auch in Fig. 1 dargestellt. Weiters weist das Schaltgerät 1 ein Isolierstoffgehäuse auf.An objective switching device 1 has an electrical input 2 and an electrical output 3, which are preferably designed as screw terminals, as well as in Fig. 1 shown. Furthermore, the switching device 1 on a Isolierstoffgehäuse.

Das Schaltgerät 1 weist eine einzelne Schaltstrecke auf, wobei gemäß der dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsform eine doppelte Unterbrechung dieser einzelnen Schaltstrecke vorgesehen ist. Es kann jedoch auch eine einfache Unterbrechung der Schaltstrecke vorgesehen sein, wobei die Erfindung, ohne eine zwingende Einschränkung auf eine Doppelunterbrechung anhand der bevorzugten Ausführungsform beschrieben wird.The switching device 1 has a single switching path, wherein according to the illustrated preferred embodiment, a double interruption of this single switching path is provided. However, it can also be provided a simple interruption of the switching path, the invention being described without a mandatory restriction to a double interruption on the basis of the preferred embodiment.

Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass der erste und der zweite Schaltkontakt 4, 5 gehäusefest angeordnet sind, und durch eine bewegliche Schaltbrücke 11 elektrisch leitend verbunden werden können, wodurch ein elektrisch leitender Strompfad vom Eingang 2 zum Ausgang 3 gebildet wird. Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass die Stellung der Schaltbrücke 11 durch den Schalthebel 19 manuell steuerbar ist. Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass der Schalthebel 19 über ein Sprungeinschaltwerk auf die Schaltbrücke 11 wirkt, um ein sprunghaftes Öffnen und Schließen der Schaltstrecke zu erreichen. Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, das gegenständliche Schaltgerät 1 als sog. Selbstschalter auszuführen, welches einen oder mehrere Auslöser 16, etwa einen Überstromauslöser und/oder einen Kurzschlussauslöser aufweist. Weiters ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass das Schaltgerät 1 ein Schaltschloss 17 aufweist, insbesondere bei Ausführung des Selbigen als Selbstschalter.It is preferably provided that the first and the second switching contact 4, 5 are fixed to the housing, and can be electrically connected by a movable switching bridge 11, whereby an electrically conductive current path from the input 2 to the output 3 is formed. It is provided that the position of the switching bridge 11 by the shift lever 19 is manually controlled. It is preferably provided that the shift lever 19 acts on the switching bridge 11 via a snap-action mechanism in order to achieve a sudden opening and closing of the switching path. It may also be provided to carry out the representational switching device 1 as a so-called. Self-switch, which has one or more triggers 16, such as an overcurrent release and / or a short-circuit release. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the switching device 1 has a switching mechanism 17, in particular in execution of the same as a self-switch.

Bei geschlossenen Schaltkontakten 4, 5, 11 erfolgt der Stromfluss durch das dargestellte Schaltgerät 1 vom elektrischen Eingang 2 zum ersten Schaltkontakt 4, von diesem über die Schaltbrücke 11 zum zweiten Schaltkontakt 5 und von diesem weiter zum elektrischen Ausgang 3. Wenngleich die Schaltbrücke 11 dabei zwei, als elektrische Kontakte ausgebildete Bereiche aufweist, um mit dem ersten Schaltkontakt 4 und dem zweiten Schaltkontakt 5 zu kontaktieren, wird diese in der Diktion der gegenständlichen Anmeldung lediglich als Schaltbrücke 11 bezeichnet. Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass auch der erste Schaltkontakt 4 und der zweite Schaltkontakt 5 als bewegliche elektrische Kontakte ausgebildet sind.With closed switching contacts 4, 5, 11, the current flow through the illustrated switching device 1 from the electrical input 2 to the first switching contact 4, from this via the switching bridge 11 to the second switching contact 5 and from this to the electrical output 3. Although the switching bridge 11 while two , As having electrical contacts formed areas to contact with the first switching contact 4 and the second switching contact 5, this is referred to in the diction of the subject application only as a switching bridge 11. It can also be provided that also the first switching contact 4 and the second switching contact 5 are designed as movable electrical contacts.

Das Schaltgerät 1 weist weiters eine Lichtbogenlöschanordnung 6 auf, um Lichtbögen, welche im Zuge eines Schaltvorgangs entstehen, zum Verlöschen zu bringen. Dadurch soll verhindert werden, dass aufgrund sog. "stehender" Lichtbögen weiterhin ein Stromfluss über das Schaltgerät 1 erfolgt und zudem aufgrund der thermischen Wirkung der Lichtbögen eine Beschädigung des Schaltgeräts 1 erfolgt. Derartige Lichtbögen treten insbesondere bei einem Ausschaltvorgang auf. "Ausschaltvorgang" bezeichnet dabei das Trennen der Schaltbrücke 11 von dem ersten und zweiten elektrischen Schaltkontakt 4, 5 zum Unterbinden eines Stromflusses durch das Schaltgerät 1. Die physikalischen Zusammenhänge beim Zünden eines Lichtbogens sind im Induktionsgesetz beschriebenen.The switching device 1 further comprises an arc extinguishing arrangement 6 in order to extinguish arcs which occur in the course of a switching operation. This is to prevent that due to so-called "stationary" arcs continue to flow through the switching device 1 and also due to the thermal effect of the arcs damage to the switching device 1 takes place. Such arcs occur in particular during a switch-off. "Switching off" here refers to the separation of the switching bridge 11 of the first and second electrical switching contact 4, 5 for preventing a current flow through the switching device 1. The physical relationships in the ignition of an arc are described in the law of induction.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine bevorzugte Ausführung der Lichtbogenlöschanordnung 6. Bei der Darstellung gemäß Fig. 2 sind der erste Schaltkontakt 4 und der zweite Schaltkontakt 5 dargestellt, wobei diese jedoch ohne jede weitere Kontaktierung dargestellt sind, um lediglich deren Anordnung relativ zu den jeweiligen Lichtbogenlöschkammern 7, 15 zu veranschaulichen. Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the arc extinguishing arrangement 6. In the illustration according to Fig. 2 the first switching contact 4 and the second switching contact 5 are shown, but these are shown without any further contacting, only to illustrate their arrangement relative to the respective arc extinguishing chambers 7, 15.

Die Lichtbogenlöschanordnung 6 weist wenigstens eine Lichtbogenlöschkammer 7 auf, welche gegenständlich auch als erste Lichtbogenlöschkammer 7 bezeichnet sein kann. Gemäß der gegenständlichen bevorzugten Ausführungsform, weist die Lichtbogenlöschanordnung 6 weiters eine zweite Lichtbogenlöschkammer 15 auf. Dabei ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die erste Lichtbogenlöschkammer 7 dem ersten Schaltkontakt 4 zugeordnet ist, und dass die zweite Lichtbogenlöschkammer 15 dem zweiten Schaltkontakt 5 zugeordnet ist. Der Begriff "zugeordnet" bezeichnet in diesem Zusammenhang eine Anordnung der betreffenden Lichtbogenlöschkammer 7, 15 gegenüber dem angegebenen Schaltkontakt 4, 5 in der Art, dass ein an dem Schaltkontakt 4, 5 entstehender Lichtbogen seinen Weg in bzw. an die betreffende Lichtbogenlöschkammer 7, 15 findet bzw. finden soll. Fig. 2 zeigt die beiden Schaltkontakte 4, 5 im Bereich der jeweiligen Lichtbogenlöschkammer 7, 15.The arc extinguishing arrangement 6 has at least one arc extinguishing chamber 7, which may also be referred to as the first arc extinguishing chamber 7. According to the presently preferred embodiment, the arc extinguishing arrangement 6 further comprises a second arc quenching chamber 15. It is preferably provided that the first arc quenching chamber 7 is assigned to the first switching contact 4, and that the second arc quenching chamber 15 is assigned to the second switching contact 5. The term "assigned" refers in this context to an arrangement of the relevant arc quenching chamber 7, 15 with respect to the indicated switching contact 4, 5 in such a way that an emerging at the switching contact 4, 5 arc its way into or to the relevant arc quenching chamber 7, 15th finds or should find. Fig. 2 shows the two switching contacts 4, 5 in the region of the respective arc quenching chamber 7, 15th

Bevorzugt ist, wie bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform, vorgesehen, dass die erste Lichtbogenlöschkammer 7 und die zweite Lichtbogenlöschkammer 15 parallel nebeneinander angeordnet sind, wie in Fig. 2 und 3 dargestellt.Preferably, as in the illustrated embodiment, it is provided that the first arc quenching chamber 7 and the second arc quenching chamber 15 are arranged parallel to each other, as in FIG Fig. 2 and 3 shown.

In der ersten Lichtbogenlöschkammer 7 und der zweiten Lichtbogenlöschkammer 15 sind jeweils eine Mehrzahl an Löschblechen 13 zueinander beabstandet angeordnet. Die Löschbleche 13 sind dabei in an sich bekannter Weise in einer Kunststoffwandung 12 der ersten Lichtbogenlöschkammer 7 bzw. der zweiten Lichtbogenlöschkammer 15 angeordnet. Die Löschbleche 13 sind dabei bevorzugt mit kleinen Fortsätzen in entsprechenden, nicht dargestellten, Ausnehmungen der Kunststoffwandung 12 gehalten.In the first arc quenching chamber 7 and the second arc quenching chamber 15 are each a plurality of quenching plates 13 spaced from each other. The quenching plates 13 are arranged in a conventional manner in a plastic wall 12 of the first arc quenching chamber 7 and the second arc quenching chamber 15. The quenching plates 13 are preferably held with small projections in corresponding, not shown, recesses of the plastic wall 12.

Das Schaltgerät 1 weist ein U-förmiges Joch 8 auf, welches bereichsweise außen um die wenigstens eine Lichtbogenlöschkammer 7 angeordnet ist. Wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt, umschließt bei der bevorzugten Ausführung mit zwei Lichtbogenlöschkammern 7, 15 das Joch beide Lichtbogenlöschkammern 7, 15. Das Joch 8 dient der vorgebbaren Beeinflussung der magnetischen Eigenschaften im Bereich der Lichtbogenlöschanordnung 6.The switching device 1 has a U-shaped yoke 8, which is partially arranged outside the at least one arc extinguishing chamber 7. As in Fig. 2 In the preferred embodiment, with two arc extinguishing chambers 7, 15, the yoke encloses both arc extinguishing chambers 7, 15. The yoke 8 serves to predeterminable influencing of the magnetic properties in the area of the arc extinguishing arrangement 6.

Das U-förmiges Joch 8 weist dabei einen ersten Schenkel 9 und einen zweiten Schenkel 14 auf, sowie einen, die beiden Schenkel 9, 14 verbindenden Steg 18, und ist bevorzugt aus sog. Transformatorblech oder Elektroblech bzw. einem anderen geeigneten weichmagnetischen Werkstoff gefertigt.The U-shaped yoke 8 in this case has a first leg 9 and a second leg 14, and one, the two legs 9, 14 connecting web 18, and is preferably made of so-called. Transformer sheet or electrical steel or other suitable soft magnetic material.

Es ist vorgesehen, dass wenigstens ein erster Schenkel 9 des U-förmigen Jochs 8 eine vorgebbare Mehrzahl vorgebbar angeordneter Durchbrechungen 10 aufweist. Dadurch ist es möglich einen Lichtbogen visuell zu verfolgen. Die entsprechenden Durchbrechungen 10 sind daher insbesondere dazu vorgesehen bzw. angeordnet, einen Blick auf das Innere der Lichtbogenlöschanordnung 6 zu ermöglichen, etwa im Zuge der Neuentwicklung einer Lichtbogenlöschanordnung 6.It is provided that at least one first leg 9 of the U-shaped yoke 8 has a predeterminable plurality of predeterminable apertures 10. This makes it possible to visually track an arc. The corresponding apertures 10 are therefore provided or arranged in particular to allow a view of the interior of the arc extinguishing arrangement 6, for example in the course of the new development of an arc extinguishing arrangement 6.

Sofern es Zweck der Durchbrechungen 10 ist, eine visuelle Verfolgung des Lichtbogens zu ermöglichen, ist weiters vorgesehen, dass die, die Lichtbogenlöschkammer 7, 15 begrenzende Kunststoffwandung 12 wenigstens im Bereich des ersten Schenkels 9 des U-förmigen Joches 8 wenigstens transluzent ausgebildet ist. Hiezu ist weiters bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass auch das Isolierstoffgehäuse des betreffenden Schaltgeräts 1 wenigstens einen entsprechend transluzenten Bereich aufweist. Bevorzugt sind die Kunststoffwandung 12 wie auch das Isolierstoffgehäuse aus einem im Wesentlichen durchsichtigen bzw. durchscheinenden Kunststoff gebildet. Wie in Fig. 2 ersichtlich, ist die Kunststoffwandung 12 zwischen dem Joch 8 und den Löschblechen 13 angeordnet.If the purpose of the apertures 10 is to enable a visual tracking of the arc, it is further provided that the, the arc extinguishing chamber 7, 15 delimiting plastic wall 12 is formed at least in the region of the first leg 9 of the U-shaped yoke 8 at least translucent. For this purpose, it is further preferred that the insulating housing of the relevant switching device 1 has at least one correspondingly translucent area. Preferably, the plastic wall 12 as well as the insulating material of a substantially transparent or translucent plastic formed. As in Fig. 2 can be seen, the plastic wall 12 between the yoke 8 and the quenching plates 13 is arranged.

Die Durchbrechungen 10 können jede Form aufweisen, und insbesondere hinsichtlich deren Formgebung und deren Anordnung an dem wenigstens einen Schenkel 9, 14 an einen zu erwartenden Verlauf eines Lichtbogens angepasst sein, oder an bestimmte magnetische Eigenschaften.The perforations 10 may have any shape, and in particular with regard to their shape and their arrangement on the at least one leg 9, 14 adapted to an expected course of an arc, or to certain magnetic properties.

Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass die Durchbrechungen 10 im Wesentlichen rund, insbesondere kreisrund, oder eckig, insbesondere hexagonal, ausgebildet sind. Dies ermöglich sowohl eine dichte Packung als auch eine einfach Herstellung der Durchbrechungen 10. Fig. 3 zeigt ein U-förmiges Joch 8 mit kreisrunden Durchbrechungen 10, wobei selbstverständlich an den Randbereichen keine vollständig runden Durchbrechungen 10 angeordnet sind.It is preferably provided that the openings 10 are substantially round, in particular circular, or angular, in particular hexagonal, are formed. This allows both a dense packing and a simple production of the openings 10th Fig. 3 shows a U-shaped yoke 8 with circular openings 10, wherein, of course, at the edge regions no completely round apertures 10 are arranged.

Es ist weiters bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Durchbrechungen 10 in Form eines im Wesentlichen regelmäßigen Musters in dem ersten und/oder zweiten Schenkel 9, 14 des U-förmigen Jochs 8 angeordnet sind, wie dies beispielsweise in Fig. 3 dargestellt ist.It is further preferably provided that the openings 10 are arranged in the form of a substantially regular pattern in the first and / or second leg 9, 14 of the U-shaped yoke 8, as for example in FIG Fig. 3 is shown.

Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass die Durchbrechungen 10 derart in dem ersten und/oder zweiten Schenkel 9, 14 angeordnet sind, dass eine im Wesentlichen homogene Flussdichte zwischen den Schenkeln 9, 14 erzielt wird. Dies ist etwa bei der Ausbildung gemäß den gegenständlichen Fig. 1 bis 3 gegeben.In particular, it is provided that the apertures 10 are arranged in such a way in the first and / or second leg 9, 14, that a substantially homogeneous flux density between the legs 9, 14 is achieved. This is approximately in the training according to the subject Fig. 1 to 3 given.

Sowohl hinsichtlich der Beobachtbarkeit eines Lichtbogens, als auch einer Materialeinsparung, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Durchbrechungen 10 eine große Fläche der Schenkel 9, 14 einnehmen. Es ist daher vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass die Durchbrechungen 10 derart ausgebildet sind, dass eine Summenfläche sämtlicher Durchbrechungen 10 des ersten und/oder zweiten Schenkels 9, 14 des U-förmigen Jochs 8 größer als 50% der Fläche des ersten bzw. zweiten Schenkels 9, 14 ist.Both in terms of the observability of an arc, as well as a material saving, it is advantageous if the openings 10 occupy a large area of the legs 9, 14. It is therefore preferably provided that the apertures 10 are formed such that a sum of all openings 10 of the first and / or second leg 9, 14 of the U-shaped yoke 8 is greater than 50% of the area of the first and second leg 9, 14 is.

Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen sein, dass neben dem ersten Schenkel 9 des U-förmigen Jochs 8 auch der zweite Schenkel 14 eine vorgebbare Mehrzahl Durchbrechungen 10 aufweist, und auch hinsichtlich der weiters beschriebenen bevorzugten Ausführungen ausgebildet ist bzw. sein kann. Insbesondere, und wie auch in Fig. 3 dargestellt, sind die beiden Schenkel 9, 14 im Wesentlich gleich ausgebildet. Dies führt zu magnetischen Eigenschaften, welche an beiden Seiten des Jochs 8 gleich sind, und ermöglich eine Sicht auf beide Seiten der Lichtbogenlöschanordnung 6.It is preferably provided that in addition to the first leg 9 of the U-shaped yoke 8 and the second leg 14 has a predetermined plurality of openings 10, and also with regard to the further described preferred Embodiments is designed or can be. In particular, and as well as in Fig. 3 illustrated, the two legs 9, 14 are formed substantially the same. This results in magnetic properties that are the same on both sides of the yoke 8, and allows a view of both sides of the arc extinguishing assembly 6.

Claims (8)

  1. Switching device (1), in particular DC switching device, with at least one electrical input (2) and at least one electrical output (3), and with at least one first switching contact (4) and a movable switching bridge (11), wherein the switching device (1) further comprises an arc extinguishing arrangement (6) with at least one arc extinguishing chamber (7), wherein a U-shaped yoke (8) is arranged in regions externally around at least one arc extinguishing chamber (7), characterised in that at least one first leg (9) of the U-shaped yoke (8) has a predeterminable plurality of apertures (10) which are provided or arranged to allow a view of the interior of the arc extinguishing arrangement (6).
  2. Switching device (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that a plastic wall (12) delimiting the arc extinguishing chamber (7) is at least translucent in at least the region of the first leg (9) of the U-shaped yoke (8).
  3. Switching device (1) according to claim 2, characterised in that a predeterminable plurality of extinguishing plates (13) of the arc extinguishing chamber (7) are held spaced apart from each other in the plastic wall (12).
  4. Switching device (1) according to claim 3, characterised in that the plastic wall (12) is arranged between the yoke (8) and the extinguishing plates (13).
  5. Switching device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a second leg (14) of the U-shaped yoke (8) has a predeterminable plurality of apertures (10).
  6. Switching device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the apertures (10) are arranged in the form of a substantially regular pattern in the first and/or second leg (9, 14) of the U-shaped yoke (8).
  7. Switching device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the apertures (10) are designed to be substantially round, in particular circular, or angular, in particular hexagonal.
  8. Switching device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the apertures (10) are designed such that a sum of the area of all the apertures (10) of the first and/or second leg (9, 14) of the U-shaped yoke (8) is greater than 50% of the area of the first and second leg (9, 14).
EP15790490.5A 2014-11-18 2015-10-26 Switching device Not-in-force EP3221876B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102014116849 2014-11-18
PCT/EP2015/074779 WO2016078875A1 (en) 2014-11-18 2015-10-26 Switching device

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EP3221876A1 EP3221876A1 (en) 2017-09-27
EP3221876B1 true EP3221876B1 (en) 2019-08-28

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CN (1) CN107112152A (en)
WO (1) WO2016078875A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6417749B1 (en) * 1998-09-30 2002-07-09 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Electric contactor housing
JP3699619B2 (en) * 1999-11-10 2005-09-28 三菱電機株式会社 Electromagnetic coupling device
CN1209777C (en) * 2003-04-29 2005-07-06 浙江德力西电器股份有限公司 Arc extinguishing equipment for breaker with plastic shell
DE102006054030B4 (en) * 2006-11-16 2010-06-17 Abb Ag Electrical switching device
DE202012013107U1 (en) * 2012-04-05 2014-10-28 Abb Schweiz Ag Arc quenching device and installation switching device with an arc quenching device

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EP3221876A1 (en) 2017-09-27
CN107112152A (en) 2017-08-29

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