EP3215239B1 - Fire training installation - Google Patents
Fire training installation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3215239B1 EP3215239B1 EP15794463.8A EP15794463A EP3215239B1 EP 3215239 B1 EP3215239 B1 EP 3215239B1 EP 15794463 A EP15794463 A EP 15794463A EP 3215239 B1 EP3215239 B1 EP 3215239B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fire
- gas
- outlet
- chamber
- unit
- Prior art date
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- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 title claims description 59
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 221
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008642 heat stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0081—Training methods or equipment for fire-fighting
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fire training system with a fire chamber, a fire unit arranged in the fire chamber, which can be connected to a gas supply unit, has a first outlet for gaseous gas from the gas supply unit.
- Such fire training systems are known from the prior art. They are used to simulate a fire or fire. If such a fire is simulated using the fire training facility, firefighters can practice extinguishing this fire. The firefighters can try different techniques repeatedly and internalize the technique that makes the most sense for them.
- the fire chamber is used to delimit a space in which a fire is to be simulated.
- the fire chamber can be delimited by several walls.
- a container can be used for the fire chamber.
- Other configurations with at least substantially fireproof walls can alternatively be used.
- This fire unit is designed as a gas fire unit.
- the first outlet can be formed by a tube with one or more openings. This becomes a fire simulation gas escaping from the first outlet ignites, whereupon a fire starts in the combustion chamber. A corresponding fire can therefore be started again after a flame has been extinguished, with comparable fire situations occurring.
- the fire unit can be connected to a gas supply unit.
- the gas supply unit can be a stationary gas supply unit or a mobile gas supply unit.
- a stationary gas supply unit can be, for example, a connection to a gas network that is arranged in a stationary manner.
- a mobile gas supply unit can be, for example, a gas tank in which the gas to be made available is stored.
- gaseous gas is fundamentally suitable for a fire unit and for simulating a corresponding fire
- not all practical fires can be simulated with such a fire unit in the fire chamber.
- such a fire training system is not suitable for simulating a so-called "flashover", ie a situation in which the flame of the fire suddenly increases in size.
- flashover ie a situation in which the flame of the fire suddenly increases in size.
- liquid gas which flows out of the first outlet, instead of the gaseous gas in order to simulate a fire, since liquid gas has a higher energy density. Larger flames can therefore be simulated with liquid gas.
- WO 92/21118 A1 describes a fire training system (multi-compartmented firefighter trainer 10) with a fire chamber (compartment 12) in which a main burner assembly 38 is arranged near the floor and two flashover burners 41a and 41b on the ceiling.
- the two flashover burners 41a and 41b can be ignited by two spark ignitors 61.
- the floor of the fire chamber 12 is formed by a grid (floor grating 50).
- Fire extinguishing agent (extinguishing agent 46) collects in a shaft (funnel 48).
- the fire units 38, 41a, 41b are connected via a plurality of lines 40 to a storage tank (fuel supply 36).
- U.S. 5,518,402 shows a fire training system (fire fighter trainer 10) with a fire chamber and two burners (burner 24) in the floor of the fire chamber. Below a burner 24, a collecting container (basin 42) is arranged. The fire chamber stands on several legs.
- a training unit 1 with a training room 10 and a fire simulator 20 inside the training room 10 is described.
- the fire simulator 20 comprises a cuboid basket 30 open at the top with latticed steel walls and a latticed steel floor, a main burner 40 and a pilot burner 42.
- a water-filled tray 41 of the main burner 40 is filled with either liquid or gas Gas passed and ignited by pilot burner 42.
- the basket 30 stands on four legs. Fire-fighting water can flow down from a drain in the floor of training room 10.
- DE 10 2004 058 190 A1 shows a fire simulation system with a liquid gas reservoir 1 for liquid fuel and a pump 12.
- a distribution system 5 supplies a pilot burner 7 with gaseous liquid gas.
- LPG is ejected through a plurality of outlet nozzles 8 and ignited in a pan 9 with a fire-resistant surface.
- WO 01/41874 A2 a device for simulating a sudden spread of fire is described.
- a hearth 5 is arranged near the bottom of a combustion chamber 1 .
- a gas-air supply line 10 with a gas supply line 11 and a fresh air supply 14 is mounted on the ceiling 4 .
- An igniter 50 is able to ignite a gas-air mixture 40 in the combustion chamber 1 in order to trigger a sudden spread of flame 100 .
- Fire training facility will also be in EP 1 334 749 A1 and WO 2010/060774 A1 described.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a fire training system with which different fires and in particular a "fiashover" can be safely simulated by means of a fire unit in a fire chamber, with gas being banned by means of the fire unit.
- a fire training system is therefore provided with a fire chamber, a fire unit arranged in the fire chamber, which is connected to a gas supply unit, has a first outlet for gaseous gas from the gas supply unit, the fire unit has a second outlet for liquid gas from the gas supply unit, and the Combustion chamber having at least one opening in a bottom wall of the combustion chamber within a predetermined radius of the fire unit.
- the invention is based on the idea that liquid gas has a higher density than air and/or gaseous gas.
- the second outlet therefore differs from the first outlet.
- the second outlet can have a tube section with at least one opening, preferably a plurality of openings. If liquid gas escapes from the second outlet and is not burned but sinks into the floor area of the fire chamber, the fire chamber according to the invention offers a path through which the liquid gas can flow out of the fire chamber on its own due to the at least one opening. It is provided that the at least one opening is in the bottom wall of the fire chamber. In addition, the at least one opening is located in proximity to the second outlet because a predetermined radius around the fire unit indicates how far the at least one opening may be from the second outlet.
- This radius can be adapted to the practical application of the fire unit or the fire training system and/or to the gas used.
- the predetermined radius should not be chosen too large in order to keep the amount of unburned liquid gas as small or minimal as possible.
- the radius is less than 5 meters, 3 meters, 2 meters or 1 meter. Passes the unburned liquid gas through the at least one
- the openings in the bottom wall of the fire chamber can be made by drilling.
- Grids in particular step grids, have proven to be a particularly cost-effective configuration of the openings in the bottom wall.
- the bottom wall of the fire chamber is characterized at least essentially by struts arranged at an angle to one another, between which passage areas are formed, which then represent the at least one opening in the bottom wall.
- a specific area of the base wall in particular in the area of the specific radius around the fire unit, is characterized by webs spaced apart from one another, which form a large number of openings.
- the cross-sectional area of the openings can therefore be many times larger than the material portions of the bottom wall formed between the openings, in particular the webs of a grid.
- the at least one opening in the bottom wall of the fire chamber leads to an environment outside the fire chamber.
- this is the case because the floor wall of the fire chamber is at a distance from a floor on which the fire chamber stands, at least in the region of the openings.
- the openings in the bottom wall can be designed in the manner of channels, in order to then lead to an area that belongs to the environment of the fire chamber.
- an underside of the fire chamber is on the outside excellent leg elements provided.
- the leg members ensure that the bottom of the fire chamber is clear of a floor on which the band chamber with the leg members rests.
- the leg elements therefore serve to transmit the weight of the fire chamber to the aforementioned floor.
- the leg elements ensure in a particularly simple manner that liquid gas which flows out through the opening in a bottom wall of the fire chamber reaches an area surrounding the fire chamber.
- the escaping liquid gas can be distributed particularly easily and quickly.
- the liquid gas that has gotten into the environment can be picked up particularly easily by natural wind and/or by an artificially generated wind flow in order to be transported away from the fire chamber.
- the leg elements are preferably fastened to the underside of the fire chamber in a non-positive and/or materially bonded manner. Thus, a high level of stability can be guaranteed. In addition, such leg elements are particularly easy and inexpensive to produce. If the fire chamber is made of metal, the leg members can be attached to the underside of the fire chamber by means of a welded connection.
- a preferred embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that an opening is provided in a side wall of the fire chamber, a door assigned to the fire chamber for opening or closing the opening, and a sensor for monitoring the door or opening.
- unburned liquid gas which exits from the second outlet of the fire unit, flows particularly quickly through the opening in the bottom wall of the fire chamber if the fire chamber has at least one other, non-closed opening.
- the flow resistance for the liquid gas is particularly low.
- the sensor can be used to monitor whether the opening in the side wall of the fire chamber is open.
- the opening itself and / or a door to open or Closing the opening can be monitored. With both alternatives, the information necessary to determine whether the opening is open or closed can be generated.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that the fire unit has a sensor for fire monitoring at the first outlet.
- the first outlet of the fire unit is for the outflow of gaseous gas.
- this gaseous gas is ignited in order to initially simulate a fire situation.
- a pilot flame can be ignited with the gaseous gas flowing out of the first outlet.
- This pilot flame remains independent of an outflow of liquid gas from the second outlet of the fire unit, because the outflowing liquid gas is ignited with the pilot flame.
- the pilot flame also serves as an ignition flame for the liquid gas flowing out of the second outlet. This offers a particularly high level of security for the ignition of the liquid gas.
- the pilot flame can be monitored by means of the fire monitoring sensor at the first outlet.
- the sensor is located near the first outlet.
- the sensor can have or be a temperature sensor, for example. Other sensors suitable for fire monitoring can also be provided. If the pilot flame is monitored with the sensor for fire monitoring, it can be ensured that escaping liquid gas is ignited. For example, the temperature can be monitored to monitor the pilot flame. The temperature of the pilot flame can be compared with an associated minimum limit temperature. If the first outlet for the gaseous gas is not punctiform, but is formed, for example, by a plurality of openings in a pipe section, other sensor configurations for fire monitoring can also be provided.
- the senor for fire monitoring can be formed by a plurality of sensor elements which are arranged at a distance from one another on the aforementioned pipe with the plurality of openings. In particular, they can Identify sensor elements at a certain distance from the aforementioned pipe, so as not to be exposed to excessive temperatures.
- the sensor is designed to monitor a fire at the first and the second outlet.
- the first gaseous gas outlet and the second liquid gas outlet are associated with the fire unit. It has proven itself in practice if the two outlets are arranged so close to one another that a flame which arises from the first outlet when the gaseous gas is ignited reaches at least as far as the second outlet. Other configurations are also conceivable, in which the flames, which result from the combustion of gas from the first outlet and/or the second outlet, have an overlapping area. It has therefore proven advantageous in practice to use the same sensor, in particular with the same sensor elements, to detect a flame caused by the gaseous gas from the first outlet and a flame caused by the liquid gas from the second outlet monitor.
- the number of sensors for monitoring a fire at the first outlet and the second outlet can thus be kept very small.
- a sensor for fire monitoring with two sensor elements has proven to be advantageous in practice.
- the two sensor elements can be attached to opposite ends of the fire unit and/or the two outlets, so that it can be assumed that the flames to be generated by the fire unit can be monitored.
- the fire training system has a control unit for controlling and/or monitoring the fire unit.
- valves can be assigned to the fire unit, for example, with which a gas flow or gas flow to the first outlet and/or second outlet can be adjusted.
- At least one check valve and/or at least one throttle valve can be provided for each outlet.
- At least one of the valves assigned to the respective outlet can be controlled by the control unit will.
- the control unit can be designed to monitor the fire unit.
- a communication link can be provided between the at least one sensor for fire monitoring and the control unit. In this way, the information from the sensor relating to the flame to be monitored can be transmitted to the control unit. This can evaluate the information.
- the control unit can, for example, control the valves of the fire unit.
- the valve to the first outlet is first opened by the control unit in order to generate a pilot flame.
- a valve to the second outlet can then be opened to allow the liquid gas to flow out through the second outlet to create a so-called "flashover". This is a flame with a very large spread.
- the control unit can be connected to an operating unit. This control unit is used to control the states of the fire unit, and in particular to control the valves.
- the control unit can be designed to implement the desired commands, which can be generated by a person using the operating unit, only if certain prerequisites are met. For example, opening a valve for letting liquid gas out of the second outlet is only possible if a pilot flame has been detected at the first outlet by means of the fire monitoring sensor.
- Another preferred embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that the second outlet is arranged above the first outlet. If a flame is ignited by the gaseous gas flowing out of the first outlet, it extends upwards. The flame hits the second outlet.
- the second outlet is preferably arranged above the first outlet in such a way that a flame which is produced when gaseous gas from the first outlet is combusted reaches at least as far as the second outlet and/or extends beyond it.
- a pilot flame is thus created which immediately ignites liquid gas for combustion as it exits the second outlet. That liquid gas is thus surely set on fire when it emerges from the second outlet.
- a fire training system with the arrangement of the two outlets explained above is therefore particularly safe.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that a gas sensor is provided on and/or under the bottom wall of the fire chamber.
- the gas sensor can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the opening in the bottom wall.
- the gas sensor can be attached to the fire chamber, in particular to the associated floor wall. With the gas sensor, the monitoring of a fire can be ensured, which occurs when liquid gas burns when it exits from the second outlet. It was previously explained that at least one fire monitoring sensor is associated with the fire unit to monitor safe combustion of the exiting gas at the first outlet and/or second outlet.
- this liquid gas is detected by the gas sensor on and/or under the bottom wall.
- the gas sensor is therefore preferably designed to detect liquid gas and/or the corresponding type of gas. Should a minimum concentration of the liquid gas, which may have changed into the gaseous phase, be detected by means of the named sensor, then this information can be used for the monitoring. If no gas is measured even though liquid gas flows out of the second outlet, the liquid gas is burned. Otherwise there is a malfunction. If the malfunction is detected, precautionary measures can be taken. For example, a valve can be closed with which the flow of liquid gas to the second outlet is stopped.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that a communication connection is formed between the control unit and the gas sensor.
- the information from the gas sensor is therefore transmitted to the control unit.
- This can then the recorded Compare gas reading to a gas threshold quantity. If the measured gas value exceeds the gas threshold magnitude, follow-up action can be taken. This can be, for example, the determination of the malfunction, as explained in the previous section.
- valves can be closed, in particular the valve that is designed to open and/or close a gas flow to the second outlet.
- the control unit can thus use the information available from the gas sensor and/or the fire control unit of the fire unit to generate control signals which stop further gas flow from the first outlet and/or from the second outlet. This is the case in particular when gas flowing out of the first outlet and/or out of the second outlet does not produce a corresponding flame that can be detected directly or indirectly with at least one of the aforementioned sensors.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that the fire training system has at least one gas monitoring unit which is located outside the fire chamber in an area with a maximum radius of 15 meters, in particular between 1 meter and 25 meters, to the at least one opening in the bottom wall of the Fire chamber is arranged or are.
- the previously discussed gas sensor on and/or under the bottom wall of the fire chamber as well as the fire monitoring sensor on the first and second outlets respectively are placed in close proximity to the fire which may be caused by the escaping gaseous or liquid gas.
- the fire monitoring sensor and/or the aforesaid gas sensor may have heat resistance, proximity to the aforesaid fire poses a residual risk which increases the risk of failure of the aforesaid sensors.
- gas monitoring unit With a gas monitoring unit at a greater distance from the fire chamber, namely a maximum of 5 meters, 10 meters, 15 meters or 25 meters, it is achieved that the gas monitoring unit is exposed to significantly less heat or heat stress and that through the opening in the floor wall liquid gas escaping from the fire chamber can be detected promptly and with an easily measurable concentration.
- the gas monitoring unit is preferably arranged at a radius of between 1.5 meters and 15 meters from the fire chamber, particularly preferably between 2 meters and 10 meters.
- the gas monitoring unit thus also has a minimum distance from the fire chamber in order to keep the heat or the effect of heat on the gas monitoring unit as low as possible.
- the gas monitoring unit can include at least one gas meter. A number of gas measuring devices are particularly preferably provided for the gas monitoring unit.
- These gas measuring devices can be arranged at a distance from one another around the fire chamber.
- the multiple gas-measuring devices of the gas-measuring unit are arranged in a star shape relative to the fire chamber. With such a configuration, a liquid gas escaping through the opening in the bottom wall of the fire chamber can be detected particularly quickly and reliably. Because regardless of the wind direction through which the escaping liquid gas is transported away from the fire chamber, the gas hits one of the gas measuring devices.
- the evaluation of the information generated by the gas-measuring devices about the measured gas can take place analogously to the previous embodiment with the gas sensor on and/or under the floor wall of the fire chamber. Reference is therefore made analogously to the corresponding explanations.
- the information network can be designed for data forwarding and/or alarm message forwarding to the control unit.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that a communication connection is formed between the control unit and the gas monitoring unit.
- Information from the gas monitoring unit in particular from at least one gas measuring device in the gas monitoring unit, can thus be transmitted to the control unit.
- the control unit can evaluate the relevant information and initiate follow-up actions.
- the follow-up actions can be, for example, the closing of at least one valve to stop the flow of gas to the first outlet and/or second outlet.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the fire training facility is characterized in that the fire unit is fastened on the inside to a side wall of the fire chamber.
- a flame that occurs when the gaseous and/or liquid gas ignites when it exits from the respective associated outlet can then spread over a particularly large volume. This allows different fire situations to be simulated.
- the arrangement of the fire unit on the inner side wall of the fire chamber offers the advantage that liquid gas flowing out of the second outlet catches fire before it reaches the opening in the bottom wall of the fire chamber. This increases the passive safety of the fire training facility.
- the fire training system 2 can be seen schematically.
- the fire training system includes a fire chamber 4.
- the fire chamber 4 has a metallic container. Doors are attached to the front sides to open the container.
- a side wall 22 is a Opening 20 is provided, which can be closed or opened by means of two doors 24 arranged one above the other.
- Another opening of the fire chamber 4 is provided in a roof wall, with a chimney 40 adjoining the opening.
- the fire chamber 4 is not designed to be continuous in the longitudinal direction. Rather, a transverse wall 42 is provided, as well as from the figure 2 can be seen, the transverse wall 42 divides the interior of the container into two rooms.
- One of the two rooms forms the technical room 44 in which the control unit 30 of the fire training system 2 is arranged.
- the fire chamber 4 is then at least partially formed from the other space. Fires are simulated in fire chamber 4 in order to offer firefighters the opportunity to practice appropriate countermeasures and to extinguish the respective fire.
- a fire unit 6 is arranged in the interior of the fire chamber 4 .
- the fire unit 6 is preferably fastened to the transverse wall 42 .
- the fire chamber 4 or the fire unit 6 can be connected to a gas supply unit 8 .
- Corresponding pipeline connections can be provided for this purpose, which are suitable for transporting gas from the gas supply unit 8 to the fire unit 6 .
- a first outlet 10 such as this one, for example figure 4 it can be seen that gas flows.
- the first outlet 10 is designed to discharge gaseous gas.
- the gas comes from the gas supply unit 8.
- the first outlet 10 can be formed by a tubular element 46 with a plurality of openings 48. Other configurations of the first outlet 10 are also possible, which are suitable for allowing gaseous gas to flow out.
- the gaseous gas is ignited.
- a corresponding ignition device (not shown) can be provided for this purpose.
- the ignited gas causes a corresponding flame with which different fires can be simulated, in particular depending on the pressure at which the gaseous gas flows out of the first outlet 10 and/or the number of openings 48 associated with the first outlet 10 .
- Gaseous gas has a Energy density suitable for simulating a certain number of fire situations.
- gaseous gas is usually not suitable for simulating a so-called “flashover”. Therefore, the fire unit 6 according to the invention of the fire training system 2 has a second outlet 12 for liquid gas.
- the second outlet 12 can be configured by a tubular element 50 with a plurality of openings 52.
- the fire unit 6 is connected to the gas supply unit 8, which is preferably designed to also provide liquid gas.
- the gas supply unit 8 is preferably designed to also provide liquid gas.
- different gas supply units can be provided for each of the two types of gas.
- the second outlet is specially designed for the outflow of liquid gas. This applies in particular to the associated openings 52.
- gaseous gas flowing out of the first outlet 10 is first ignited.
- a corresponding flame is also referred to as a pilot flame, since this is suitable for igniting liquid gas that flows out of the second outlet 12 of the fire unit 6 . If the liquid gas, which has a significantly higher energy density than the gaseous gas, ignites, a significantly larger flame is created, which forms the "flashover” explained above.
- the size of the resulting flame and/or the range of the "flashover” can be determined with the pressure and/or volume flow of liquid gas that emerges from the second outlet 12 .
- a controllable valve 56 is provided in the supply line 54 for gaseous gas in order to control a volume flow of gaseous gas to the first outlet 10 .
- the valve 56 can be controlled by the control unit 30 .
- the valve 56 can let through, stop and/or throttle a volume flow of gaseous gas.
- Analogous to the supply line 54 and the valve 56 for the second outlet 12 is a supply line 58 for liquid gas to the second outlet 12 and a controllable valve 60 for the supply line 58 is provided.
- a volume flow of liquid gas to the second outlet 12 can be blocked, released and/or throttled with the valve 60 .
- the controllable valve 60 can be controlled by means of the control unit 30 . Due to the controllability of the volume flows for gaseous gas and liquid gas, different fire situations can be simulated.
- the fire chamber 4 has at least one opening 14 in a bottom wall 16 of the fire chamber 4 within a predetermined radius R1 of a maximum of 1.5 meters around the fire unit 6 .
- an opening 14 is provided in the bottom wall 16 of the fire chamber 4 in the immediate vicinity of the fire unit 6 .
- the bottom wall 16 of the fire chamber 4 is therefore not closed. Rather, the bottom wall 16 of the fire chamber 4 is open in the vicinity of the fire unit 6 .
- a fire sensor 28 can be provided, like this one from FIG figure 4 can be seen.
- This fire sensor 28 is preferably designed as a temperature sensor and/or as an optical flame sensor.
- the fire sensor 28 is connected to the control unit 30 by a communication link.
- the control unit 30 can be designed to evaluate the sensor signals of the fire sensor 28 in order to detect whether a fire is occurring when gaseous gas flows out of the first outlet 10 . If this is not the case, the gas flow can be interrupted by means of the valve 56.
- the fire sensor 28 can also be designed to detect a "flashover", since in this case a significantly larger flame with a correspondingly higher temperature is produced.
- valve 60 is closed by means of the control unit 30 in order to prevent further outflow of liquid gas and/or uncontrolled ignition of the liquid gas.
- the fire training system 2 has improved passive safety through the openings 14 in the bottom wall 16 and improved active safety through the fire sensor 28 on the fire unit 6 . Due to its close arrangement to the fire that can be caused by the fire unit 6, the fire sensor 28 is exposed to a high thermal load.
- a gas sensor 32 is arranged under the bottom wall 16 or on an outside of the bottom wall 16 of the fire chamber 4 . If liquid gas should therefore flow out through the second outlet 12 , with the gas flowing out unburned through the opening 14 , the gas can be detected by means of the gas sensor 32 .
- the gas sensor 32 is connected to the control unit 30 through a communication link.
- the control unit 30 is therefore designed in such a way that at least the valve 60 and preferably also the valve 56 are then closed in order to stop further gas flow to the first outlet 10 or second outlet 12 . This then increases the active safety of fire training facility 2.
- Sensor 26 is provided which is designed to monitor a door 24 and/or an opening 20 in a side wall 22 of the fire chamber 4 .
- the opening 20 can be opened or closed with the door 24 .
- the sensor 26 is thus used to monitor the door 24 and/or the opening or to determine whether oxygen from the environment can flow into the fire chamber 4 through the opening 20 . If this is the case, the gas flowing out of the outlets 10, 12 can be ignited. This improves the safety of fire training facility 2.
- An expanded safety concept for fire training facility 2 also provides for the monitoring of the area around fire chamber 4.
- a gas monitoring unit 36 is therefore assigned to the fire training system 2 .
- the gas monitoring unit 36 can be used to monitor the environment for gas, in particular for gaseous gas and/or liquid gas.
- the gas monitoring unit 36 has a plurality of gas measuring devices 38 .
- These gas measuring devices 38 can be arranged around the fire unit 6 in a radius R2 of between 2 meters and 25 meters.
- the radius R2 is significantly larger than the previously explained radius R1, within which the openings 14 in the bottom wall 16 are arranged.
- a larger area is therefore monitored for gas with the gas measuring devices 38 .
- the gas monitoring unit 36 or the assigned gas measuring devices 38 Corresponding information is transmitted to the control unit 30 .
- the gas-measuring devices 38 can be connected to the control unit 30 by appropriate communication lines and/or by a radio link. The control unit 30 then closes the valves 56, 60 in the feed lines 54, 58 to the two outlets 10, 12. This prevents further outflow of gas and/or uncontrolled combustion of the gas.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brandübungsanlage mit einer Brandkammer, einer in der Brandkammer angeordneten Brandeinheit, die mit einer Gasversorgungseinheit verbindbar ist, einen ersten Auslass für gasförmiges Gas aus der Gasversorgungseinheit aufweist.The invention relates to a fire training system with a fire chamber, a fire unit arranged in the fire chamber, which can be connected to a gas supply unit, has a first outlet for gaseous gas from the gas supply unit.
Derartige Brandübungsanlagen sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Sie dienen zur Simulation eines Feuers bzw. eines Brands. Wird ein derartiger Brand mittels der Brandübungsanlage simuliert, können Feuerwehrleute üben diesen Brand zu löschen. Dabei können die Feuerwehrleute unterschiedliche Techniken wiederholt ausprobieren und die für sie am sinnvollste Technik verinnerlichen.Such fire training systems are known from the prior art. They are used to simulate a fire or fire. If such a fire is simulated using the fire training facility, firefighters can practice extinguishing this fire. The firefighters can try different techniques repeatedly and internalize the technique that makes the most sense for them.
Die Brandkammer dient zur Begrenzung eines Raums, in dem ein Brand simuliert werden soll. Dazu kann die Brandkammer von mehreren Wänden begrenzt sein. Für die Brandkammer kann beispielsweise ein Container verwendet werden. Andere Ausgestaltungen mit zumindest im Wesentlichen feuerfesten Wänden können alternativ eingesetzt werden.The fire chamber is used to delimit a space in which a fire is to be simulated. For this purpose, the fire chamber can be delimited by several walls. For example, a container can be used for the fire chamber. Other configurations with at least substantially fireproof walls can alternatively be used.
Um in der Brandkammer wiederholt vergleichbare Brände hervorzurufen, die zu vergleichbaren Trainingssituationen für Feuerwehrleute führen, hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, in der Brandkammer eine Brandeinheit anzuordnen. Diese Brandeinheit ist als Gas-Brandeinheit ausgebildet. Sie weist dazu einen Auslass für gasförmiges Gas auf. Der erste Auslass kann dabei durch ein Rohr mit einer Öffnung oder mehreren Öffnungen gebildet sein. Zur Brandsimulation wird das aus dem ersten Auslass ausströmende Gas entzündet, woraufhin in der Brandkammer ein Feuer entsteht. Ein entsprechender Brand kann deshalb auch nach dem Löschen einer Flamme erneut verursacht werden, wobei vergleichbare Brandsituationen entstehen. Um Gas aus dem Auslass für gasförmiges Gas, welcher im Rahmen dieser Erfindung als erster Auslass bezeichnet wird, strömen zu lassen, ist die Brandeinheit mit einer Gasversorgungseinheit verbindbar. Ist dies erfolgt, kann aus dem ersten Auslass gasförmiges Gas strömen, welches aus der Gasversorgungseinheit stammt. Die Gasversorgungseinheit kann eine stationäre Gasversorgungseinheit oder eine mobile Gasversorgungseinheit sein. Bei einer stationären Gasversorgungseinheit kann es sich beispielsweise um einen Anschluss an ein Gasnetz handeln, welches stationär angeordnet ist. Bei einer mobilen Gasversorgungseinheit kann es sich beispielsweise um einen Gasbehälter handeln, in dem das zur Verfügung zu stellende Gas gespeichert ist.In order to repeatedly cause comparable fires in the fire chamber, which lead to comparable training situations for firefighters, it has proven to be advantageous to arrange a fire unit in the fire chamber. This fire unit is designed as a gas fire unit. For this purpose, it has an outlet for gaseous gas. The first outlet can be formed by a tube with one or more openings. This becomes a fire simulation gas escaping from the first outlet ignites, whereupon a fire starts in the combustion chamber. A corresponding fire can therefore be started again after a flame has been extinguished, with comparable fire situations occurring. In order to let gas flow out of the outlet for gaseous gas, which in the context of this invention is referred to as the first outlet, the fire unit can be connected to a gas supply unit. Once this has taken place, gaseous gas, which originates from the gas supply unit, can flow out of the first outlet. The gas supply unit can be a stationary gas supply unit or a mobile gas supply unit. A stationary gas supply unit can be, for example, a connection to a gas network that is arranged in a stationary manner. A mobile gas supply unit can be, for example, a gas tank in which the gas to be made available is stored.
Obwohl die Verwendung von gasförmigem Gas für eine Brandeinheit und zur Simulation eines entsprechenden Brands grundsätzlich geeignet ist, können mit einer derartigen Brandeinheit in der Brandkammer nicht alle praxisnahen Brände simuliert werden. Insbesondere eignet sich eine derartige Brandübungsanlage nicht dazu, um einen sogenannten "Flashover" zu simulieren, also eine Situation, in der es zu einer schlagartigen Vergrößerung der Flamme des Brands kommt. Grundsätzlich ist es deshalb erstrebenswert, anstatt des gasförmigen Gases flüssiges Gas zu verwenden, das aus dem ersten Auslass ausströmt, um damit einen Brand zu simulieren, da flüssiges Gas eine höhere Energiedichte aufweist. Deshalb können mit flüssigem Gas größere Flammen simuliert werden.Although the use of gaseous gas is fundamentally suitable for a fire unit and for simulating a corresponding fire, not all practical fires can be simulated with such a fire unit in the fire chamber. In particular, such a fire training system is not suitable for simulating a so-called "flashover", ie a situation in which the flame of the fire suddenly increases in size. In principle, therefore, it is desirable to use liquid gas, which flows out of the first outlet, instead of the gaseous gas in order to simulate a fire, since liquid gas has a higher energy density. Larger flames can therefore be simulated with liquid gas.
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BrandĂĽbungsanlage werden auch in
In der Praxis wurde jedoch festgestellt, dass die Handhabung von flüssigem Gas mit einer bekannten Brandeinheit dazu führen kann, dass sich flüssiges Gas an dem Boden der Brandkammer sammelt, und es daraufhin zu einer unkontrollierten Verbrennung des sich sammelnden Gases kommen kann. Hierbei handelt es sich sodann um eine zufällige und zumeist unkontrollierbare Brandsituation. Eine derartige Brandsituation ist unbedingt zu vermeiden.In practice, however, it has been found that handling liquefied gas with a known fire unit can result in liquefied gas collecting at the bottom of the fire chamber and subsequent uncontrolled combustion of the collecting gas. This is then a random and mostly uncontrollable fire situation. Such a fire situation must be avoided at all costs.
Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Brandübungsanlage bereit zu stellen, mit der unterschiedliche Brände und insbesondere ein "Fiashover", mittels einer Brandeinheit in einer Brandkammer sicher simulierbar sind, wobei mittels der Brandeinheit Gas verbannt wird.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a fire training system with which different fires and in particular a "fiashover" can be safely simulated by means of a fire unit in a fire chamber, with gas being banned by means of the fire unit.
Gelöst wird die zuvor genannte Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.The aforementioned problem is solved by the features of
Vorgesehen ist also eine Brandübungsanlage mit einer Brandkammer, einer in der Brandkammer angeordneten Brandeinheit, die mit einer Gasversorgungseinheit verbunden ist, einen ersten Auslass für gasförmiges Gas aus der Gasversorgungseinheit aufweist, wobei die Brandeinheit einen zweiten Auslass für flüssiges Gas aus der Gasversorgungseinheit aufweist, und die Brandkammer innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Radius um die Brandeinheit mindestens eine Öffnung in einer Bodenwandung der Brandkammer aufweist.A fire training system is therefore provided with a fire chamber, a fire unit arranged in the fire chamber, which is connected to a gas supply unit, has a first outlet for gaseous gas from the gas supply unit, the fire unit has a second outlet for liquid gas from the gas supply unit, and the Combustion chamber having at least one opening in a bottom wall of the combustion chamber within a predetermined radius of the fire unit.
Der Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zu Grunde, dass flüssiges Gas eine höhere Dichte aufweist als Luft und/oder gasförmiges Gas. Der zweite Auslass unterscheidet sich deshalb vom ersten Auslass. Der zweite Auslass kann einen Rohrabschnitt mit mindestens einer Öffnung, vorzugsweise mehreren Öffnungen aufweisen. Sollte flüssiges Gas aus dem zweiten Auslass austreten und nicht verbrannt werden, sondern in den Bodenbereich der Brandkammer sinken, so bietet die erfindungsgemäße Brandkammer aufgrund der mindestens einen Öffnung einen Weg, durch den das flüssige Gas selbstständig aus der Brandkammer herausströmen kann. Dabei ist es vorgesehen, dass die mindestens eine Öffnung in der Bodenwandung der Brandkammer ist. Außerdem ist die mindestens eine Öffnung in der Nähe zu dem zweiten Auslass angeordnet, da ein vorbestimmter Radius um die Brandeinheit angibt, wie weit die mindestens eine Öffnung von dem zweiten Auslass entfernt sein kann. Dieser Radius kann an die praktische Anwendung der Brandeinheit bzw. der Brandübungsanlage und/oder an das verwendete Gas angepasst sein. Allerdings sollte der vorbestimmte Radius nicht zu groß gewählt werden, um die Menge des nicht verbrannten, flüssigen Gases möglichst klein bzw. minimal zu halten. Vorzugsweise ist der Radius kleiner als 5 Meter, 3 Meter, 2 Meter oder 1 Meter. Tritt das nicht verbrannte, flüssige Gas durch die mindestens eineThe invention is based on the idea that liquid gas has a higher density than air and/or gaseous gas. The second outlet therefore differs from the first outlet. The second outlet can have a tube section with at least one opening, preferably a plurality of openings. If liquid gas escapes from the second outlet and is not burned but sinks into the floor area of the fire chamber, the fire chamber according to the invention offers a path through which the liquid gas can flow out of the fire chamber on its own due to the at least one opening. It is provided that the at least one opening is in the bottom wall of the fire chamber. In addition, the at least one opening is located in proximity to the second outlet because a predetermined radius around the fire unit indicates how far the at least one opening may be from the second outlet. This radius can be adapted to the practical application of the fire unit or the fire training system and/or to the gas used. However, the predetermined radius should not be chosen too large in order to keep the amount of unburned liquid gas as small or minimal as possible. Preferably the radius is less than 5 meters, 3 meters, 2 meters or 1 meter. Passes the unburned liquid gas through the at least one
Öffnung aus der Brandkammer heraus, besteht selbst bei einer nachträglichen Zündung des flüssigen Gases für die Feuerwehrleute, die mit der Brandübungsanlage das Löschen eines Brands simulieren, nur noch eine minimale Gefahr, dass sich das entzündete Gas auf den Innenraum der Brandkammer, zumindest in thermischer Hinsicht, auswirkt. Denn passiert das Gas die Öffnung in der Bodenwandung, wird das Gas zumeist von natürlichem Wind weggetragen. Die übenden Feuerwehrleute sind also vor dem zuvor genannten Brand effektiv geschützt.opening out of the fire chamber, even if the liquid gas is subsequently ignited, there is only a minimal risk for the firefighters, who use the fire training system to simulate extinguishing a fire, that the ignited gas will spread to the interior of the fire chamber, at least from a thermal point of view , affects. Because if the gas passes through the opening in the bottom wall, the gas is usually carried away by the natural wind. The practicing firefighters are therefore effectively protected from the aforementioned fire.
Die Öffnungen in der Bodenwandung der Brandkammer können durch Bohrungen hergestellt sein. Als eine besonders kostengünstige Ausgestaltung der Öffnungen in der Bodenwand haben sich Gitter, insbesondere Trittgitter, erwiesen. Im Bereich der Gitter ist die Bodenwandung der Brandkammer zumindest im Wesentlichen durch winkelig zueinander angeordnete Streben charakterisiert, zwischen denen sich Durchgangsbereiche bilden, die sodann die mindestens eine Öffnung der Bodenwand darstellen. Somit kann auch davon gesprochen werden, dass ein bestimmter Bereich der Bodenwandung, insbesondere im Bereich des bestimmten Radius um die Brandeinheit, von voneinander beabstandeten Stegen geprägt ist, die eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen bilden. Die Querschnittsfläche der Öffnungen kann deshalb um ein Vielfaches größer sein als die sich zwischen den Öffnungen ausbildenden Materialanteile der Bodenwandung, insbesondere der Stege eines Gitters.The openings in the bottom wall of the fire chamber can be made by drilling. Grids, in particular step grids, have proven to be a particularly cost-effective configuration of the openings in the bottom wall. In the area of the lattice, the bottom wall of the fire chamber is characterized at least essentially by struts arranged at an angle to one another, between which passage areas are formed, which then represent the at least one opening in the bottom wall. It can thus also be said that a specific area of the base wall, in particular in the area of the specific radius around the fire unit, is characterized by webs spaced apart from one another, which form a large number of openings. The cross-sectional area of the openings can therefore be many times larger than the material portions of the bottom wall formed between the openings, in particular the webs of a grid.
Erfindungsgemäß führt die mindestens eine Öffnung in der Bodenwand der Brandkammer in eine Umgebung außerhalb der Brandkammer. Dies ist erfindungsgemäß der Fall, weil die Bodenwandung der Brandkammer zumindest im Bereich der Öffnungen von einem Boden beabstandet ist, auf dem die Brandkammer steht. Alternativ oder ergänzend können die Öffnungen in der Bodenwandung kanalartig ausgebildet sein, um sodann zu einem Bereich führen, der zu der Umgebung der Brandkammer gehört.According to the invention, the at least one opening in the bottom wall of the fire chamber leads to an environment outside the fire chamber. According to the invention, this is the case because the floor wall of the fire chamber is at a distance from a floor on which the fire chamber stands, at least in the region of the openings. Alternatively or in addition, the openings in the bottom wall can be designed in the manner of channels, in order to then lead to an area that belongs to the environment of the fire chamber.
Erfindungsgemäß sind über eine Unterseite der Brandkammer außenseitig hervorragende Beinelemente vorgesehen. Die Beinelemente stellen sicher, dass die Unterseite der Brandkammer von einem Boden beabstandet ist, auf dem die Bandkammer mit den Beinelementen steht. Die Beinelemente dienen deshalb zur Kraftübertragung der Gewichtskraft der Brandkammer auf den zuvor genannten Boden. Mit den Beinelementen wird besonders einfach sichergestellt, dass flüssiges Gas, welches durch die Öffnung in einer Bodenwand der Brandkammer ausströmt, in einen Umgebungsbereich der Brandkammer gelangt. Indem die Beinelemente die Brandkammer von dem Boden auf einem Abstand halten, kann sich das austretende flüssige Gas besonders einfach und schnell verteilen. Darüber hinaus kann das in die Umgebung gelangte, flüssige Gas besonders einfach von natürlichem Wind und/oder durch einen künstlich gezeugten Windstrom erfasst werden, um von der Brandkammer abtransportiert zu werden. Die Beinelemente sind vorzugsweise an der Unterseite der Brandkammer kraftschlüssig und/oder stoffschlüssig befestigt. Somit kann eine hohe Standstabilität gewährleistet werden. Darüber hinaus sind derartige Beinelemente besonders einfach und kostengünstig herzustellen. Sofern die Brandkammer aus Metall ist, können die Beinelemente an der Unterseite der Brandkammer mittels einer Schweißverbindung befestigt sein.According to the invention, an underside of the fire chamber is on the outside excellent leg elements provided. The leg members ensure that the bottom of the fire chamber is clear of a floor on which the band chamber with the leg members rests. The leg elements therefore serve to transmit the weight of the fire chamber to the aforementioned floor. The leg elements ensure in a particularly simple manner that liquid gas which flows out through the opening in a bottom wall of the fire chamber reaches an area surrounding the fire chamber. By keeping the fire chamber at a distance from the ground by the leg elements, the escaping liquid gas can be distributed particularly easily and quickly. In addition, the liquid gas that has gotten into the environment can be picked up particularly easily by natural wind and/or by an artificially generated wind flow in order to be transported away from the fire chamber. The leg elements are preferably fastened to the underside of the fire chamber in a non-positive and/or materially bonded manner. Thus, a high level of stability can be guaranteed. In addition, such leg elements are particularly easy and inexpensive to produce. If the fire chamber is made of metal, the leg members can be attached to the underside of the fire chamber by means of a welded connection.
Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Brandübungsanlage zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass eine Öffnung in einer Seitenwand der Brandkammer, eine der Brandkammer zugeordnete Tür zum Öffnen oder Verschließen der Öffnung, und einen Sensor zur Überwachung der Tür oder Öffnung vorgesehen sind. In der Praxis wurde festgestellt, dass nicht verbranntes, flüssiges Gas, welches aus dem zweiten Auslass der Brandeinheit austritt, besonders schnell durch die Öffnung in der Bodenwandung der Brandkammer strömt, wenn die Brandkammer mindestens eine weitere, nicht verschlossene Öffnung aufweist. In diesem Fall ist der Strömungswiderstand für das flüssige Gas besonders gering. Um nun sicherzustellen, dass das nicht verbrannte, flüssige Gas mit dem zuvor genannten verringerten Strömungswiderstand aus der Brandkammer durch die Öffnung in der Bodenwandung strömen kann , kann mit dem Sensor überwacht werden, ob die Öffnung in der Seitenwand der Brandkammer geöffnet ist. Dabei kann die Öffnung selbst und/oder eine Tür zum Öffnen oder Schließen der Öffnung überwacht werden. Mit beiden Alternativen kann die Information generiert werden, die zum Bestimmen notwendig ist, ob die Öffnung geöffnet oder geschlossen ist.A preferred embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that an opening is provided in a side wall of the fire chamber, a door assigned to the fire chamber for opening or closing the opening, and a sensor for monitoring the door or opening. In practice, it has been found that unburned liquid gas, which exits from the second outlet of the fire unit, flows particularly quickly through the opening in the bottom wall of the fire chamber if the fire chamber has at least one other, non-closed opening. In this case, the flow resistance for the liquid gas is particularly low. In order to ensure that the unburned, liquid gas can flow out of the fire chamber through the opening in the bottom wall with the aforementioned reduced flow resistance, the sensor can be used to monitor whether the opening in the side wall of the fire chamber is open. The opening itself and / or a door to open or Closing the opening can be monitored. With both alternatives, the information necessary to determine whether the opening is open or closed can be generated.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Brandübungsanlage zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Brandeinheit einen Sensor zur Feuerüberwachung an dem ersten Auslass aufweist. Der erste Auslass der Brandeinheit dient zum Ausströmen von gasförmigem Gas. Im Betrieb wird dieses gasförmige Gas entzündet, um zunächst eine Brandsituation zu simulieren. Mit dem aus dem ersten Auslass strömenden, gasförmigen Gas kann eine Pilotflamme gezündet werden. Diese Pilotflamme bleibt unabhängig von einem Ausströmen von flüssigem Gas aus dem zweiten Auslass der Brandeinheit bestehen, denn mit der Pilotflamme wird das ausströmende, flüssige Gas entzündet. Mit anderen Worten dient die Pilotflamme auch als Zündflamme für das aus dem zweiten Auslass ausströmende, flüssige Gas. Dies bietet eine besonders hohe Sicherheit für die Zündung des flüssigen Gases. Um nun sicherzustellen, dass das flüssige Gas nicht unverbrannt in den Innenraum der Brandkammer strömt, ist mittels des Sensors zur Feuerüberwachung an dem ersten Auslass die Pilotflamme überwachbar. Vorzugsweise ist der Sensor in der Nähe des ersten Auslasses angeordnet. Der Sensor kann beispielsweise ein Temperatursensor aufweisen oder sein. Andere Sensoren, die zur Feuerüberwachung geeignet sind, können ebenfalls vorgesehen sein. Wird mit dem Sensor zur Feuerüberwachung also die Pilotflamme überwacht, kann sichergestellt werden, dass ausströmendes, flüssiges Gas entzündet wird. Zur Überwachung der Pilotflamme kann beispielsweise die Temperatur überwacht werden. Dabei kann die Temperatur der Pilotflamme mit einer zugehörigen minimalen Grenztemperatur verglichen werden. Sofern der erste Auslass für das gasförmige Gas nicht punktuell ist, sondern beispielsweise durch mehrere Öffnungen in einem Rohrabschnitt gebildet ist, können auch andere Sensorkonfigurationen zur Feuerüberwachung vorgesehen sein. Der Sensor zur Feuerüberwachung kann in diesem Sinne durch mehrere Sensorelemente gebildet sein, die voneinander beanstandet an dem zuvor genannten Rohr mit den mehreren Öffnungen angeordnet ist. Insbesondere können die Sensorelemente einen bestimmten Abstand zu dem zuvor genannten Rohr ausweisen, um keiner zu hohen Temperatur ausgesetzt zu sein.A further advantageous embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that the fire unit has a sensor for fire monitoring at the first outlet. The first outlet of the fire unit is for the outflow of gaseous gas. During operation, this gaseous gas is ignited in order to initially simulate a fire situation. A pilot flame can be ignited with the gaseous gas flowing out of the first outlet. This pilot flame remains independent of an outflow of liquid gas from the second outlet of the fire unit, because the outflowing liquid gas is ignited with the pilot flame. In other words, the pilot flame also serves as an ignition flame for the liquid gas flowing out of the second outlet. This offers a particularly high level of security for the ignition of the liquid gas. In order to ensure that the liquid gas does not flow unburned into the interior of the fire chamber, the pilot flame can be monitored by means of the fire monitoring sensor at the first outlet. Preferably the sensor is located near the first outlet. The sensor can have or be a temperature sensor, for example. Other sensors suitable for fire monitoring can also be provided. If the pilot flame is monitored with the sensor for fire monitoring, it can be ensured that escaping liquid gas is ignited. For example, the temperature can be monitored to monitor the pilot flame. The temperature of the pilot flame can be compared with an associated minimum limit temperature. If the first outlet for the gaseous gas is not punctiform, but is formed, for example, by a plurality of openings in a pipe section, other sensor configurations for fire monitoring can also be provided. In this sense, the sensor for fire monitoring can be formed by a plurality of sensor elements which are arranged at a distance from one another on the aforementioned pipe with the plurality of openings. In particular, they can Identify sensor elements at a certain distance from the aforementioned pipe, so as not to be exposed to excessive temperatures.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Brandübungsanlage zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Sensor zur Überwachung eines Feuers an dem ersten und dem zweiten Auslass ausgestaltet ist. Der erste Auslass für gasförmiges Gas und der zweite Auslass für flüssiges Gas sind der Brandeinheit zugeordnet. Dabei hat es sich in der Praxis bewährt, wenn die beiden Auslässe derart dicht zueinander angeordnet sind, dass eine Flamme, welche beim Zünden des gasförmigen Gases aus dem ersten Auslass entsteht, zumindest bis zu dem zweiten Auslass reicht. Andere Konfigurationen sind ebenfalls denkbar, bei denen die Flammen, welche bei einer Verbrennung von Gas aus dem ersten Auslass und/oder dem zweiten Auslass einen Überlappungsbereich aufweisen. Es hat sich deshalb in der Praxis als vorteilhaft erwiesen, den gleichen Sensor, insbesondere mit den gleichen Sensorelementen, zu verwenden, um eine von dem gasförmigen Gas aus dem ersten Auslass hervorgerufene Flamme als auch ein von dem flüssigen Gas aus dem zweiten Auslass hervorgerufene Flamme zu überwachen. Damit kann die Anzahl der Sensoren zur Überwachung eines Feuers an dem ersten Auslass und dem zweiten Auslass sehr gering gehalten werden. Insbesondere hat sich in der Praxis ein Sensor zur Feuerüberwachung mit zwei Sensorelementen als vorteilhaft erwiesen. Die beiden Sensorelemente können an gegenüber liegenden Enden der Brandeinheit und/oder der beiden Auslässe angebracht sein, sodass davon ausgegangen werden kann, dass die zu erzeugenden Flammen der Brandeinheit überwachbar sind.Another preferred embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that the sensor is designed to monitor a fire at the first and the second outlet. The first gaseous gas outlet and the second liquid gas outlet are associated with the fire unit. It has proven itself in practice if the two outlets are arranged so close to one another that a flame which arises from the first outlet when the gaseous gas is ignited reaches at least as far as the second outlet. Other configurations are also conceivable, in which the flames, which result from the combustion of gas from the first outlet and/or the second outlet, have an overlapping area. It has therefore proven advantageous in practice to use the same sensor, in particular with the same sensor elements, to detect a flame caused by the gaseous gas from the first outlet and a flame caused by the liquid gas from the second outlet monitor. The number of sensors for monitoring a fire at the first outlet and the second outlet can thus be kept very small. In particular, a sensor for fire monitoring with two sensor elements has proven to be advantageous in practice. The two sensor elements can be attached to opposite ends of the fire unit and/or the two outlets, so that it can be assumed that the flames to be generated by the fire unit can be monitored.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Brandübungsanlage zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Brandübungsanlage eine Steuereinheit zur Steuerung und/oder Überwachung der Brandeinheit aufweist. Der Brandeinheit können dazu beispielsweise Ventile zugeordnet sein, mit denen ein Gasfluss oder Gasstrom zu dem ersten Auslass und/oder zweiten Auslass einstellbar ist. Dabei kann für jeden Auslass mindestens ein Sperrventil und/oder mindestens ein Drosselventil vorsehbar sein. Mindestens eines der Ventile, die dem jeweiligen Auslass zugeordnet sind, kann mittels der Steuereinheit gesteuert werden. Alternativ oder ergänzend kann die Steuereinheit zur Überwachung der Brandeinheit ausgestaltet sein. Dazu kann zwischen dem mindestens einen Sensor zur Feuerüberwachung und der Steuereinheit eine Kommunikationsverbindung vorgesehen sein. Somit können die Informationen des Sensors bezüglich der jeweils zu überwachenden Flamme an die Steuereinheit übermittelt werden. Diese kann die Informationen auswerten. Je nach Ergebnis der Auswertung kann die Steuereinheit beispielsweise die Ventile der Brandeinheit steuern. So wird beispielsweise durch die Steuereinheit zunächst das Ventil zu dem ersten Auslass geöffnet, um eine Pilotflamme zu erzeugen. Wird mit dem Sensor zur Feuerüberwachung die Pilotflamme erkannt, kann daraufhin ein Ventil zu dem zweiten Auslass geöffnet werden, um das flüssige Gas durch den zweiten Auslass ausströmen zu lassen, um einen sogenannten "Flashover" zu erzeugen. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Flamme mit einer sehr großen Ausbreitung. Darüber hinaus kann die Steuereinheit mit einer Bedieneinheit verbunden werden. Diese Bedieneinheit dient zur Steuerung der Zustände der Brandeinheit, und insbesondere zur Steuerung der Ventile. In diesem Fall kann die Steuereinheit dazu ausgestaltet sein, die gewünschten Befehle, die von einer Person mittels der Bedieneinheit erzeugbar sind, nur dann umzusetzen, wenn bestimmte Voraussetzungen erfüllt sind. So ist beispielweise das Öffnen eines Ventils zum Auslassen von flüssigem Gas aus dem zweiten Auslass nur dann möglich, wenn mittels des Sensors zur Feuerüberwachung eine Pilotflamme an dem ersten Auslass erkannt wurde.Another advantageous embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that the fire training system has a control unit for controlling and/or monitoring the fire unit. For this purpose, valves can be assigned to the fire unit, for example, with which a gas flow or gas flow to the first outlet and/or second outlet can be adjusted. At least one check valve and/or at least one throttle valve can be provided for each outlet. At least one of the valves assigned to the respective outlet can be controlled by the control unit will. Alternatively or additionally, the control unit can be designed to monitor the fire unit. For this purpose, a communication link can be provided between the at least one sensor for fire monitoring and the control unit. In this way, the information from the sensor relating to the flame to be monitored can be transmitted to the control unit. This can evaluate the information. Depending on the result of the evaluation, the control unit can, for example, control the valves of the fire unit. For example, the valve to the first outlet is first opened by the control unit in order to generate a pilot flame. When the pilot flame is detected by the fire control sensor, a valve to the second outlet can then be opened to allow the liquid gas to flow out through the second outlet to create a so-called "flashover". This is a flame with a very large spread. In addition, the control unit can be connected to an operating unit. This control unit is used to control the states of the fire unit, and in particular to control the valves. In this case, the control unit can be designed to implement the desired commands, which can be generated by a person using the operating unit, only if certain prerequisites are met. For example, opening a valve for letting liquid gas out of the second outlet is only possible if a pilot flame has been detected at the first outlet by means of the fire monitoring sensor.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Brandübungsanlage zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der zweite Auslass oberhalb des ersten Auslasses angeordnet ist. Wird durch das ausströmende, gasförmige Gas aus dem ersten Auslass eine Flamme gezündet, erstreckt sich diese nach oben. Dabei trifft die Flamme auf den zweiten Auslass. Bevorzugt ist der zweite Auslass derart oberhalb des ersten Auslasses angeordnet, dass eine Flamme, die bei einem Verbrennen von gasförmigem Gas aus dem ersten Auslass entsteht zumindest bis zu dem zweiten Auslass reicht und/oder sich darüber hinaus erstreckt. Somit wird eine Pilotflamme erzeugt, die flüssiges Gas unmittelbar zur Verbrennung zündet, wenn dieses aus dem zweiten Auslass austritt. Das flüssige Gas wird also sicher in Brand gesetzt, wenn dieses aus dem zweiten Auslass austritt. Deshalb ist eine Brandübungsanlage mit der zuvor erläuterten Anordnung der beiden Auslässe besonders sicher.Another preferred embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that the second outlet is arranged above the first outlet. If a flame is ignited by the gaseous gas flowing out of the first outlet, it extends upwards. The flame hits the second outlet. The second outlet is preferably arranged above the first outlet in such a way that a flame which is produced when gaseous gas from the first outlet is combusted reaches at least as far as the second outlet and/or extends beyond it. A pilot flame is thus created which immediately ignites liquid gas for combustion as it exits the second outlet. That liquid gas is thus surely set on fire when it emerges from the second outlet. A fire training system with the arrangement of the two outlets explained above is therefore particularly safe.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Brandübungsanlage zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass an und/oder unter der Bodenwand der Brandkammer ein Gassensor vorgesehen ist. Dabei kann der Gassensor in unmittelbarer Nähe zu der Öffnung in der Bodenwand angeordnet sein. Sofern der Gassensor unter der Bodenwand angeordnet ist, kann der Gassensor jedoch an der Brandkammer, insbesondere an der zugehörigen Bodenwand, befestigt sein. Mit dem Gassensor kann die Überwachung eines Feuers gewährleistet werden, welches bei einem Verbrennen von flüssigem Gas bei einem Austritt aus dem zweiten Auslass entsteht. Zuvor wurde erläutert, dass mindestens ein Sensor zur Feuerüberwachung der Brandeinheit zugeordnet ist, um eine sichere Verbrennung des austretenden Gases an dem ersten Auslass und/oder zweiten Auslass zu überwachen. Sollte diese Überwachung, beispielsweise aufgrund von einem Defekt, fehlschlagen und zugleich unverbranntes, flüssiges Gas durch die Öffnung in der Bodenwand der Brandkammer strömen, wird dieses flüssige Gas von dem Gassensor an und/oder unter der Bodenwand detektiert. Der Gassensor ist also vorzugsweise zur Detektion von flüssigem Gas und/oder dem entsprechenden Gastyp ausgestaltet. Sollte nun mittels des genannten Sensors eine Mindestkonzentration des flüssigen Gases detektiert werden, das gegebenenfalls in die gasförmige Phase übergegangen ist, so kann diese Information für die Überwachung eingesetzt werden. Wird kein Gas gemessen, obwohl flüssiges Gas aus dem zweiten Auslass strömt, wird das flüssige Gas verbrannt. Andernfalls liegt eine Fehlfunktion vor. Wir die Fehlfunktion erkannt, können Vorsichtsmaßnahmen eingeleitet werden. So kann beispielsweise ein Ventil geschlossen werden, mit dem der Gasfluss von flüssigem Gas zu dem zweiten Auslass gestoppt wird.A further advantageous embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that a gas sensor is provided on and/or under the bottom wall of the fire chamber. In this case, the gas sensor can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the opening in the bottom wall. However, if the gas sensor is arranged under the floor wall, the gas sensor can be attached to the fire chamber, in particular to the associated floor wall. With the gas sensor, the monitoring of a fire can be ensured, which occurs when liquid gas burns when it exits from the second outlet. It was previously explained that at least one fire monitoring sensor is associated with the fire unit to monitor safe combustion of the exiting gas at the first outlet and/or second outlet. If this monitoring fails, for example due to a defect, and at the same time unburned liquid gas flows through the opening in the bottom wall of the fire chamber, this liquid gas is detected by the gas sensor on and/or under the bottom wall. The gas sensor is therefore preferably designed to detect liquid gas and/or the corresponding type of gas. Should a minimum concentration of the liquid gas, which may have changed into the gaseous phase, be detected by means of the named sensor, then this information can be used for the monitoring. If no gas is measured even though liquid gas flows out of the second outlet, the liquid gas is burned. Otherwise there is a malfunction. If the malfunction is detected, precautionary measures can be taken. For example, a valve can be closed with which the flow of liquid gas to the second outlet is stopped.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Brandübungsanlage zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass zwischen der Steuereinheit und dem Gassensor eine Kommunikationsverbindung ausgebildet ist. Die Informationen des Gassensors werden also an die Steuereinheit übermittelt. Diese kann sodann den erfassten Gaswert mit einer Gasschwellwertgröße vergleichen. Übersteigt der gemessene Gaswert die Gasschwellwertgröße, können Folgemaßnahmen eingeleitet werden. Dies kann beispielsweise die Bestimmung der Fehlfunktion sein, wie sie in dem vorangegangenen Abschnitt erläutert wurde. Alternativ oder ergänzend können Ventile geschlossen werden, insbesondere das Ventil, das zum Öffnen und/oder Schließen eines Gasflusses zu dem zweiten Auslass ausgestaltet ist. Die Steuereinheit kann also die zur Verfügung stehenden Informationen des Gassensors und/oder der Feuerüberwachung der Brandeinheit verwenden, um Steuersignale zu erzeugen, die einen weiteren Gasstrom aus dem ersten Auslass und/oder aus dem zweiten Auslass stoppen. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn ausströmendes Gas aus dem ersten Auslass und/oder aus dem zweiten Auslass keine jeweils entsprechende Flamme hervorruft, die mit mindestens einem der zuvor genannten Sensoren unmittelbar oder indirekt detektierbar ist.A further advantageous embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that a communication connection is formed between the control unit and the gas sensor. The information from the gas sensor is therefore transmitted to the control unit. This can then the recorded Compare gas reading to a gas threshold quantity. If the measured gas value exceeds the gas threshold magnitude, follow-up action can be taken. This can be, for example, the determination of the malfunction, as explained in the previous section. Alternatively or additionally, valves can be closed, in particular the valve that is designed to open and/or close a gas flow to the second outlet. The control unit can thus use the information available from the gas sensor and/or the fire control unit of the fire unit to generate control signals which stop further gas flow from the first outlet and/or from the second outlet. This is the case in particular when gas flowing out of the first outlet and/or out of the second outlet does not produce a corresponding flame that can be detected directly or indirectly with at least one of the aforementioned sensors.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Brandübungsanlage zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Brandübungsanlage mindestens eine Gasüberwachungseinheit aufweist, die außerhalb der Brandkammer in einer Umgebung mit einem maximalen Radius von 15 Metern, insbesondere zwischen 1 Meter und 25 Metern, zu der mindestens einen Öffnung der Bodenwand der Brandkammer angeordnet ist bzw. sind. Der zuvor erörterte Gassensor an und/oder unter der Bodenwand der Brandkammer sowie der Sensor zur Feuerüberwachung an dem ersten bzw. dem zweiten Auslass sind in geringer Nähe zu dem Feuer angeordnet, welches durch das ausströmende gasförmige oder flüssige Gas entstehen kann. Obwohl der Sensor zur Feuerüberwachung und/oder der genannte Gassensor eine Hitzebeständigkeit aufweisen können, birgt die Nähe zu dem zuvor genannten Feuer ein Restrisiko, welches die Gefahr eines Defekts der zuvor genannten Sensoren erhöht. Mit einer Gasüberwachungseinheit in einem größeren Abstand zu der Brandkammer, und zwar von maximal 5 Metern, 10 Metern, 15 Metern oder 25 Metern, wird erreicht, dass die Gasüberwachungseinheit einer deutlich geringeren Wärme bzw. Hitzebelastung ausgesetzt ist und dass durch die Öffnung in der Bodenwand der Brandkammer austretendes, flüssiges Gas zeitnah und mit einer gut messbaren Konzentration detektierbar ist. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Gasüberwachungseinheit in einem Radius zu der Brandkammer zwischen 1,5 Metern und 15 Metern, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 2 Metern und 10 Metern, angeordnet. Somit weist die Gasüberwachungseinheit auch einen Mindestabstand zu der Brandkammer auf, um die Wärme bzw. Hitzeeinwirkung auf die Gasüberwachungseinheit möglichst gering zu halten. Die Gasüberwachungseinheit kann mindestens ein Gasmessgerät umfassen. Besonders bevorzugt sind mehrere Gasmessgeräte für die Gasüberwachungseinheit vorgesehen. Diese Gasmessgeräte können voneinander beabstandet um die Brandkammer angeordnet sein. Insbesondere sind die mehreren Gasmessgeräte der Gasmesseinheit sternförmig zu der Brandkammer angeordnet. Mit einer derartigen Ausgestaltung kann ein durch die Öffnung in der Bodenwand der Brandkammer austretendes, flüssiges Gas besonders schnell und sicher detektiert werden. Denn unabhängig von der Windrichtung, durch die das austretende, flüssige Gas von der Brandkammer weg transportiert wird, trifft das Gas auf eines der Gasmessgeräte. Die Auswertung der durch die Gasmessgeräte generierten Information über das gemessene Gas kann analog zu der vorherigen Ausgestaltung mit dem Gassensor an und/oder unter der Bodenwand der Brandkammer erfolgen. Es wird deshalb auf die entsprechenden Erläuterungen analog Bezug genommen. Sofern für die Gasüberwachungseinheit mehrere Gasmessgeräte vorgesehen sind, können diese ein Kommunikationsnetz ausbilden, um Informationen miteinander und/oder der Steuereinheit auszutauschen. Insbesondere kann das Informationsnetz zur Datenweiterleitung und/oder Alarmmeldungsweiterleitung an die Steuereinheit ausgestaltet sein.A further advantageous embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that the fire training system has at least one gas monitoring unit which is located outside the fire chamber in an area with a maximum radius of 15 meters, in particular between 1 meter and 25 meters, to the at least one opening in the bottom wall of the Fire chamber is arranged or are. The previously discussed gas sensor on and/or under the bottom wall of the fire chamber as well as the fire monitoring sensor on the first and second outlets respectively are placed in close proximity to the fire which may be caused by the escaping gaseous or liquid gas. Although the fire monitoring sensor and/or the aforesaid gas sensor may have heat resistance, proximity to the aforesaid fire poses a residual risk which increases the risk of failure of the aforesaid sensors. With a gas monitoring unit at a greater distance from the fire chamber, namely a maximum of 5 meters, 10 meters, 15 meters or 25 meters, it is achieved that the gas monitoring unit is exposed to significantly less heat or heat stress and that through the opening in the floor wall liquid gas escaping from the fire chamber can be detected promptly and with an easily measurable concentration. Especially the gas monitoring unit is preferably arranged at a radius of between 1.5 meters and 15 meters from the fire chamber, particularly preferably between 2 meters and 10 meters. The gas monitoring unit thus also has a minimum distance from the fire chamber in order to keep the heat or the effect of heat on the gas monitoring unit as low as possible. The gas monitoring unit can include at least one gas meter. A number of gas measuring devices are particularly preferably provided for the gas monitoring unit. These gas measuring devices can be arranged at a distance from one another around the fire chamber. In particular, the multiple gas-measuring devices of the gas-measuring unit are arranged in a star shape relative to the fire chamber. With such a configuration, a liquid gas escaping through the opening in the bottom wall of the fire chamber can be detected particularly quickly and reliably. Because regardless of the wind direction through which the escaping liquid gas is transported away from the fire chamber, the gas hits one of the gas measuring devices. The evaluation of the information generated by the gas-measuring devices about the measured gas can take place analogously to the previous embodiment with the gas sensor on and/or under the floor wall of the fire chamber. Reference is therefore made analogously to the corresponding explanations. If several gas measuring devices are provided for the gas monitoring unit, these can form a communication network in order to exchange information with one another and/or with the control unit. In particular, the information network can be designed for data forwarding and/or alarm message forwarding to the control unit.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Brandübungsanlage zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass zwischen der Steuereinheit und der Gasüberwachungseinheit eine Kommunikationsverbindung ausgebildet ist. Somit können Informationen der Gasüberwachungseinheit, insbesondere von mindestens einem Gasmessgerät der Gasüberwachungseinheit, an die Steuereinheit übertragen werden. Die Steuereinheit kann die entsprechenden Informationen auswerten und Folgeaktionen einleiten. Die Folgeaktionen können beispielsweise das Schließen von mindestens einem Ventil sein, um den Gasstrom zu dem ersten Auslass und/oder zweiten Auslass zu stoppen.A further advantageous embodiment of the fire training system is characterized in that a communication connection is formed between the control unit and the gas monitoring unit. Information from the gas monitoring unit, in particular from at least one gas measuring device in the gas monitoring unit, can thus be transmitted to the control unit. The control unit can evaluate the relevant information and initiate follow-up actions. The follow-up actions can be, for example, the closing of at least one valve to stop the flow of gas to the first outlet and/or second outlet.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Brandübungsanlage zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Brandeinheit innenseitig an einer Seitenwand der Brandkammer befestigt ist. Eine Flamme, die sich bei einem Entzünden des gasförmigen und/oder flüssigen Gases beim Austritt aus dem jeweils zugehörigen Auslass entsteht, kann sich sodann besonders großvolumig ausbreiten. Damit können unterschiedliche Brandsituationen simuliert werden. Außerdem bietet die Anordnung der Brandeinheit an der inneren Seitenwand der Brandkammer den Vorteil, dass aus dem zweiten Auslass ausströmendes, flüssiges Gas noch in Brand gerät, bevor es die Öffnung in der Bodenwandung der Brandkammer erreicht. Dies vergrößert die passive Sicherheit der Brandübungsanlage.A further advantageous embodiment of the fire training facility is characterized in that the fire unit is fastened on the inside to a side wall of the fire chamber. A flame that occurs when the gaseous and/or liquid gas ignites when it exits from the respective associated outlet can then spread over a particularly large volume. This allows different fire situations to be simulated. In addition, the arrangement of the fire unit on the inner side wall of the fire chamber offers the advantage that liquid gas flowing out of the second outlet catches fire before it reaches the opening in the bottom wall of the fire chamber. This increases the passive safety of the fire training facility.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung ohne Beschränkung des allgemeinen Erfindungsgedankens anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen beschrieben. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische, perspektivische Ansicht des BrandĂĽbungsanlage,
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Schnittansicht einer Brandkammer mit Blick von oben in den zugehörigen Innenraum,
- Fig. 3
- eine schematische Darstellung der Brandkammer in einem Teilschnitt, und
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische Ansicht der Brandeinheit.
- 1
- a schematic, perspective view of the fire training facility,
- 2
- a schematic sectional view of a fire chamber with a view from above into the associated interior,
- 3
- a schematic representation of the fire chamber in a partial section, and
- 4
- a schematic view of the fire unit.
Aus der
Um nun einen "Flashover" mittels der Brandübungsanlage 2 zu simulieren, wird zunächst gasförmiges Gas, das aus dem ersten Auslass 10 strömt, entzündet. Eine entsprechende Flamme wird auch als Pilotflamme bezeichnet, da diese zum Entzünden von flüssigem Gas geeignet ist, das aus dem zweiten Auslass 12 der Brandeinheit 6 strömt. Entzündet sich das flüssige Gas, welches eine deutlich höhere Energiedichte aufweist als das gasförmige Gas, entsteht eine deutlich größere Flamme, die den zuvor erläuterten "Flashover" bildet. Mit dem Druck und/oder Volumenstrom an flüssigem Gas, der aus dem zweiten Auslass 12 austritt, kann die Größe der entstehenden Flamme und/oder Reichweite des "Flashovers" bestimmt werden.In order to now simulate a “flashover” using the
Wie aus der
Aufgrund der hohen Energiedichte des flüssigen Gases geht von der Brandeinheit 6 eine höhere Gefahr aus. Deshalb ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen und aus
Darüber hinaus ist zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit eine aktive Überwachung der Brandeinheit 6 vorgesehen. Dazu kann ein Feuersensor 28 vorgesehen sein, wie dieser aus der
Zuvor wurde erläutert, dass die Brandübungsanlage 2 sowohl eine verbesserte passive Sicherheit durch die Öffnungen 14 in der Bodenwandung 16 sowie eine verbesserte aktive Sicherheit durch den Feuersensor 28 an der Brandeinheit 6 aufweist. Der Feuersensor 28 ist aufgrund seiner nahen Anordnung zu dem mittels der Brandeinheit 6 hervorrufbaren Feuer einer hohen thermischen Belastung ausgesetzt. Um die aktive Sicherheit der Brandübungsanlage 2 deshalb weiter zu verbessern, ist unter der Bodenwandung 16 bzw. an einer Außenseite der Bodenwandung 16 der Brandkammer 4 ein Gassensor 32 angeordnet. Sollte es also zu einem Ausströmen von flüssigem Gas durch den zweiten Auslass 12 kommen, wobei das ausströmende Gas unverbrannt durch die Öffnung 14 strömt, kann das Gas mittels des Gassensors 32 detektiert werden. Der Gassensor 32 ist mit der Steuereinheit 30 durch eine Kommunikationsverbindung verbunden. Mit der Erkennung des flüssigen Gases an der Unterseite der Bodenwandung 16 kann deshalb darauf geschlossen werden, dass flüssiges Gas unverbrannt in die Brandkammer 4 einströmt. Die Steuereinheit 30 ist deshalb in der Weise ausgestaltet, dass daraufhin zumindest das Ventil 60 und vorzugsweise auch das Ventil 56 geschlossen werden, um einen weiteren Gasstrom zu dem ersten Auslass 10 bzw. zweiten Auslass 12 zu stoppen. Dies erhöht sodann die aktive Sicherheit der Brandübungsanläge 2.It was previously explained that the
Um Gas zu einem Feuer zu entzünden, ist Sauerstoff notwendig. Ist in der Brandkammer 4 kein Sauerstoff, kann das aus dem ersten Auslass 10 und/oder aus dem zweiten Auslass 12 strömende Gas nicht entzündet werden. Zur Verbesserung der passiven Sicherheit der Brandübungsanlage 2, ist deshalb mindestens ein . Sensor 26 vorgesehen, der zur Überwachung einer Tür 24 und/oder einer Öffnung 20 in einer Seitenwand 22 der Brandkammer 4 ausgestaltet ist. Mit der Tür 24 kann die Öffnung 20 geöffnet oder verschlossen werden. Somit dient der Sensor 26 zur Überwachung der Tür 24 und/oder der Öffnung bzw. zur Feststellung, ob durch die Öffnung 20 Sauerstoff aus der Umgebung in die Brandkammer 4 strömen kann. Ist dies der Fall kann das aus den Auslässen 10, 12 ausströmende Gas entzündet werden. Dies verbessert die Sicherheit der Brandübungsanlage 2.In order to ignite gas into a fire, oxygen is necessary. If there is no oxygen in the fire chamber 4, the gas flowing out of the
Ein erweitertes Sicherheitskonzept für die Brandübungsanlage 2 sieht auch die Überwachung der Umgebung um die Brandkammer 4 vor. Der Brandübungsanlage 2 ist deshalb eine Gasüberwachungseinheit 36 zugeordnet. Mit der Gasüberwachungseinheit 36 kann die Umgebung auf Gas, insbesondere auf gasförmiges Gas und/oder flüssiges Gas, überwacht werden. Die Gasüberwachungseinheit 36 weist dazu mehrere Gasmessgeräte 38 auf. Diese Gasmessgeräte 38 können in einem Radius R2 zwischen 2 Metern und 25 Metern um die Brandeinheit 6 angeordnet sein. Der Radius R2 ist dabei deutlich größer als der zuvor erläuterte Radius R1, innerhalb dem die Öffnungen 14 in der Bodenwandung 16 angeordnet sind. Mit den Gasmessgeräten 38 wird deshalb ein größerer Bereich auf Gas überwacht. Sollte es nun zu einem Gasaustritt von flüssigem Gas und/oder gasförmigem Gas durch die Öffnung 14 in der Bodenwandung 16 kommen, welches daraufhin durch Wind oder einen anderen künstlichen Volumenstrom an Luft in der Umgebung verteilt wird, wird dies durch die Gasüberwachungseinheit 36 bzw. die zugeordneten Gasmessgeräte 38 erkannt. Eine entsprechende Information wird an die Steuereinheit 30 übermittelt. Dazu können die Gasmessgeräte 38 durch entsprechende Kommunikationsleitungen und/oder durch eine Funkverbindung mit der Steuereinheit 30 verbunden sein. Die Steuereinheit 30 schließt daraufhin die Ventile 56, 60 in den Zuleitungen 54, 58 zu den beiden Auslässen 10, 12. Damit wird verhindert, dass es zu einem weiteren Ausströmen von Gas und/oder einer unkontrollierten Verbrennung vom Gas kommt.An expanded safety concept for
- R1R1
- Radiusradius
- R2R2
- Radiusradius
- 22
- BrandĂĽbungsanlagefire training facility
- 44
- Brandkammerfire chamber
- 66
- Brandeinheitfire unit
- 88th
- Gasversorgungseinheitgas supply unit
- 1010
- erster Auslassfirst outlet
- 1212
- zweiter Auslasssecond outlet
- 1414
- Ă–ffnungopening
- 1616
- Bodenwandungbottom wall
- 1818
- Beinelementleg element
- 2020
- Ă–ffnung in Seitenwandopening in side wall
- 2222
- SeitenwandSide wall
- 2424
- TĂĽrdoor
- 2626
- Sensorsensor
- 2828
- Feuersensorfire sensor
- 3030
- Steuereinheitcontrol unit
- 3232
- Gassensorgas sensor
- 3636
- GasĂĽberwachungseinheitgas monitoring unit
- 3838
- Gasmessgerätgas meter
- 4040
- Schornsteinchimney
- 4242
- Querwandbulkhead
- 4444
- Technikraumtechnical room
- 4646
- Rohrelementtubular element
- 4848
- Ă–ffnungopening
- 5050
- Rohrelementtubular element
- 5252
- Ă–ffnungopening
- 5454
- Zuleitungsupply line
- 5656
- VentilValve
- 5858
- Zuleitungsupply line
- 6060
- VentilValve
Claims (11)
- Fire training installation (2) witha fire chamber (4), anda fire unit (6) which is arranged in the fire chamber (4) for the combustion of gas,the fire chamber (4) being delimited by a plurality of refractory walls,the fire unit (6) being connected to a gas supply unit (8), andthe gas supply unit (8) providing liquid gas and gaseous gas, characterized in thatthe fire unit (6) has a first outlet (10) for gaseous gas from the gas supply unit (8) and a second outlet (12) for liquid gas from the gas supply unit (8), andthe fire chamber (4) has at least one opening (14) in a bottom wall (16) of the fire chamber (4) within a predefined radius (R1) around the fire unit (6), the at least one opening (14) in the bottom wall (16) of the fire chamber (4) leading into a surrounding area outside the fire chamber,leg elements (18) which protrude on the outer side beyond the bottom wall (16) of the fire chamber (4) being provided,the leg elements (18) ensuring that the underside of the fire chamber (4) is spaced apart from a floor, on which the fire chamber (4) stands by way of the leg elements (18), andthe leg elements (18) keeping the fire chamber (4) at a spacing from the floor in such a way that the liquid gas which passes into the surrounding area is swept away by natural wind and/or by way of an artificially generated wind, in order to be transported away from the fire chamber (4).
- Fire training installation (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
an opening (20) in a side wall (22) of the fire chamber (4), a door (24) which is assigned to the fire chamber (4) for opening or closing the opening (20), and a sensor (26) for monitoring the door (20) or the opening (24). - Fire training installation (2) according to either of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the fire unit (6) has a sensor (28) for fire monitoring at the first outlet (10). - Fire training installation (2) according to the preceding claim,
characterized in that
the sensor (28) is configured for monitoring a fire at the first (10) and the second (12) outlet. - Fire training installation (2) according to the preceding claim,
characterized in that
the fire training installation (2) has. - Fire training installation (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the second outlet (12) is arranged above the first outlet (10). - Fire training installation (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
a gas sensor (32) is provided at and/or below the bottom wall (16) of the fire chamber (4). - Fire training installation (2) according to one of the preceding Claims 2 to 7,
characterized in that
in each case one communications connection is configured between the control unit (30) and the at least one sensor (32). - Fire training installation (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the fire training installation (2) has at least one gas monitoring unit (36) which is arranged outside the fire chamber (4) in a surrounding area with a maximum radius (R2) of 15 metres with respect to the at least one opening (14) of the bottom wall (16) of the fire chamber (4). - Fire training installation (2) according to the preceding claim,
characterized in that
in each case one communications connection is configured between the control unit (30) and the at least one gas monitoring unit (36). - Fire training installation (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the fire unit (6) is fastened on the inner side to a side wall (22) of the fire chamber (4).
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP22188057.8A EP4101511A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-11-04 | Fire safety training system |
EP22188056.0A EP4101510A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-11-04 | Fire safety training system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014016311.3A DE102014016311B4 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2014-11-06 | Fire training system |
PCT/EP2015/002209 WO2016070990A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-11-04 | Fire training installation |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP22188056.0A Division EP4101510A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-11-04 | Fire safety training system |
EP22188057.8A Division EP4101511A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-11-04 | Fire safety training system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3215239A1 EP3215239A1 (en) | 2017-09-13 |
EP3215239B1 true EP3215239B1 (en) | 2022-08-10 |
Family
ID=54542200
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15794463.8A Active EP3215239B1 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-11-04 | Fire training installation |
EP22188056.0A Pending EP4101510A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-11-04 | Fire safety training system |
EP22188057.8A Pending EP4101511A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-11-04 | Fire safety training system |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP22188056.0A Pending EP4101510A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-11-04 | Fire safety training system |
EP22188057.8A Pending EP4101511A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2015-11-04 | Fire safety training system |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (3) | EP3215239B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102014016311B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2927036T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016070990A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109448489A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-08 | ä¸ĺ›˝äşşć°‘č§Łć”ľĺ†›ćµ·ĺ†›ĺ·Ąç¨‹ĺ¤§ĺ¦ | A kind of full-scale cabin fire spread and flash over imitative experimental appliance and experimental method |
DE102021102467A1 (en) | 2021-02-03 | 2022-08-04 | Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA | Training facility, which simulates the fire of an electric vehicle |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5181851A (en) | 1991-05-22 | 1993-01-26 | Aai Corporation | Flashover simulation for firefighter training |
US5226818A (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1993-07-13 | Aai Corporation | Firefighter training system with thermal agent detection |
US5374191A (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1994-12-20 | Aai Corporation | Enhanced deck for firefighter training simulators |
US5518402A (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1996-05-21 | Contraves, Inc. | Fire fighter trainer having personal tracking and constructive injury determination and methods of training |
DE19959640C2 (en) * | 1999-12-10 | 2001-12-20 | Armin Spaniol | Method and device for simulating sudden flame propagation |
DE10204835B4 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2004-05-06 | I.F.I. Institut fĂĽr Industrieaerodynamik GmbH | Fire simulation device |
DE102004058190B4 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2008-02-28 | Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA | Fire training system |
NL1032571C2 (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2008-03-27 | Holding Haagen B V | Fire simulator for use during fire fighting training. |
CH699975B1 (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2016-06-15 | Naderer Brandsimulation Ag | Fire simulation apparatus. |
WO2013000019A1 (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2013-01-03 | Seqr Management Services Pty Ltd | Multipurpose simulator installation |
-
2014
- 2014-11-06 DE DE102014016311.3A patent/DE102014016311B4/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-11-04 WO PCT/EP2015/002209 patent/WO2016070990A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-11-04 EP EP15794463.8A patent/EP3215239B1/en active Active
- 2015-11-04 EP EP22188056.0A patent/EP4101510A1/en active Pending
- 2015-11-04 ES ES15794463T patent/ES2927036T3/en active Active
- 2015-11-04 EP EP22188057.8A patent/EP4101511A1/en active Pending
- 2015-11-04 DE DE202015009994.7U patent/DE202015009994U1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2016070990A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
EP4101510A1 (en) | 2022-12-14 |
DE202015009994U1 (en) | 2022-09-09 |
EP3215239A1 (en) | 2017-09-13 |
DE102014016311B4 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
DE102014016311A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
ES2927036T3 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
EP4101511A1 (en) | 2022-12-14 |
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