EP3212346B1 - Molding tool for producing hot-formed components - Google Patents

Molding tool for producing hot-formed components Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3212346B1
EP3212346B1 EP15787146.8A EP15787146A EP3212346B1 EP 3212346 B1 EP3212346 B1 EP 3212346B1 EP 15787146 A EP15787146 A EP 15787146A EP 3212346 B1 EP3212346 B1 EP 3212346B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insert
die
recess
component
tool
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EP15787146.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3212346A1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Becker
Bernd Kupetz
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/06—Stamping using rigid devices or tools having relatively-movable die parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mold for the production of hot-formed components.
  • the structural components of the body are not only significantly involved in the stability of the vehicle, but also play a decisive role in safety in the event of a crash.
  • Hot forming processes are also described in the literature as form hardening or press hardening.
  • a blank is first heated in a furnace to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the steel and then simultaneously shaped and cooled, ie hardened, in a tool.
  • a blank is first produced from a blank by cold forming and then a trimmed and trimmed steel component. This is then in one Heating system heated to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the steel and then hardened in a mold by rapid cooling.
  • the blank or a component that has already been formed and trimmed from steel is thermomechanically deformed in the tool after heating to the austenitizing temperature, thermomechanical shaping being preferred at a temperature above the final austinization temperature Ac3 (approx. 830 ° C.) between 900 and 1100 ° C.
  • the formed workpieces are cooled by means of cooling, which is located in a closed tool body.
  • the patent DE 19723655 B4 shows a process for the manufacture of steel sheet products by heating a measured steel sheet, thermoforming the steel sheet in a pair of tools, hardening the product formed by rapid cooling from an austenitic temperature while it is still held in the tool pair and then processing the product.
  • a mold for hot press molding a hot, metallic, smooth material is known, the strength of the molded product being controllable by means of a cooling device with a heat insulating device.
  • the heat insulating filing has first recessed portions that are formed on the mold surface of the tool.
  • the invention proposes a molding tool for the production of hot-formed components, in particular sheet metal parts before, with a lower tool part and an upper tool part, which are relatively movable relative to one another and which are designed with corresponding active surfaces for shaping the component, at least the active surface of a tool part being at least partially coolable and cooling lines being provided in the tool part.
  • At least one recess can be provided in at least one of the two tool parts, which, when the tool is closed, forms an air chamber with the component, which acts as a thermal insulator between the component and the tool part.
  • the object of the invention is based on the effect that a workpiece heated in a furnace to a temperature above AC3 is introduced between the tool parts and is hot-formed in the direct method, the workpiece being simultaneously geometrically shaped and thermally cooled.
  • a medium enclosed in the chamber serves as an insulator, so that the workpiece is thereby cooled more slowly in the area of the chamber than in the remaining areas of the component. This results in a structure with lower mechanical strength values in this area of the workpiece than in the rest of the component. Gases, for example inert gases or ambient air, are particularly suitable as the medium.
  • the recess is variable in volume.
  • the amount of air in the chamber can be increased or reduced as required and the degree of insulation with respect to the cooled tool part can be varied.
  • the higher the amount of air in the chamber the higher the insulation.
  • An insert can be arranged in the tool part in which the recess is formed, which forms a tool-side rear wall of the air chamber.
  • the insert has a surface section facing the component, which forms part of the wall of the recess.
  • the insert can be arranged to be movable, in particular linearly displaceable, in the tool part. Depending on the desired degree of insulation, the insert can be transferred to a corresponding position and the volume of the air chamber can be defined.
  • channels can be provided in the insert for temperature control of the insert.
  • a temperature-controlled medium in particular with a gas or with a liquid, for example oil or water, is preferably set to a predetermined temperature.
  • the medium is tempered in a heating and / or cooling device and passed through the channels of the insert. This has the advantage that the insert can be heated or cooled as required.
  • the volume in the chamber can also be tempered, whereby desired mechanical properties can be set in certain areas of the sheet metal part.
  • the insert can be in a retracted position when the tool is closed, in order to produce the recess.
  • a chamber filled with medium / air is then formed in this position.
  • the insert When the tool is open, the insert can be in an advanced position in which the volume of the recess is at least reduced compared to the volume of the recess in the retracted position of the insert.
  • the air is optionally removed from the chamber after each shaping process or after a predetermined number of shaping processes and thereby prevents the air in the chamber from being excessively heated.
  • the recess or the chamber is consequently regularly flushed with the medium / air.
  • the hot forming process - and not least the structure in this area of the workpiece - is not affected.
  • the recess can be actively flushed using a control or regulation.
  • the sheet metal parts can be formed from ferrous metal, in particular from steel and / or from non-ferrous metal, in particular from aluminum and / or magnesium.
  • the cooling lines can conduct a coolant essentially parallel to a surface of the component.
  • the coolant in the cooling lines which can be gaseous or liquid, does not come into direct contact with the component.
  • the thermal energy of the coolant in the cooling lines acts on the component or workpiece through the material of the tool part, which is in contact with the tool part during forming. Individual areas of the component or the workpiece can thus be cooled at different speeds or with different degrees of strength, and various mechanical properties can thereby be realized in the component.
  • cooling lines can be supplied with coolant via a common supply system. This offers the advantage that a uniform temperature control or supply with coolant of the same temperature is ensured in all cooling lines.
  • the active surface of the upper tool part and / or the active surface of the lower tool part can be designed to be coolable, at least in sections. Due to the small thickness of the sheet metal component, which is in the range of 0.5 to 5 mm, one-sided cooling is sufficient. However, in order to achieve particularly rapid and strong cooling, it can be advantageous to implement cooling on both sides.
  • FIG. 1 It shows in a schematic representation Fig. 1 a sectional view through a mold.
  • Fig. 1 shows a molding tool 10, which can be used in presses for the hot forming of tools, in particular sheet metal blanks to sheet metal components 17.
  • the molding tool 10 has a lower tool half 12u, which is seated on a base plate 11.
  • the lower mold half 12u interacts with an upper mold half 12o.
  • the mutually facing active surfaces of the upper mold half 12o and the lower mold half 12u are designed correspondingly, so that they function like the die and punch of a press tool.
  • the tool half 12o is designed as a stamp and the tool half 12u as a die.
  • the upper and lower mold halves can be interchanged with respect to their arrangement, so that the upper tool acts as a die and the lower tool acts as a punch.
  • the upper tool half 12o and the lower tool half 12u are relatively movable with respect to one another.
  • mold halves 12o, 12u can be moved apart and moved together again. When the mold halves move together, a piece of sheet metal or a sheet metal plate gets between the mold halves and is encompassed and shaped by the active surfaces.
  • the in Fig. 1 The state shown corresponds to an end position of the tool halves 12u, 12o during a forming process in which the component 17 is completely formed.
  • An insert 16 is shown in the upper tool half 12o and is movable along the double arrow B relative to the tool half 12o.
  • the insert 16 is thus linearly displaceable in the direction of the component 17 and away from the component 17.
  • the insert 16 performs a linear movement essentially perpendicular to the component surface. Alternatively, however, a movement at an angle to the Component surface are carried out.
  • the insert 16 forms a recess 15.
  • the recess 15 acts as a chamber which is filled with air. This chamber 15 is bordered by a surface of the insert 16 which faces the component 17, an inner surface of the opening through the upper tool half 12o in which the insert 16 is inserted and a section of the surface of the component 17.
  • the air in this chamber 16 isolates the warm sheet metal part 17 coming from the furnace from the upper tool half 12o and the insert 16 located therein.
  • the component 17 cools more slowly in the area of the air chamber 15, so that a structure with low mechanical characteristics, in particular with low strength values, is established in this area.
  • the air gap 15 thus covers exactly the area that is characterized in the later component or vehicle by low strength and thus high ductility. The properties of the component can thus be set in such a way that a targeted deformation of the ductile area results in the event of a vehicle crash.
  • the size of the air chamber 15 can be changed by moving the insert 16. Depending on the selected position of the insert 16 i.e. depending on the size of the air chamber 16, other desired strength values can be set accordingly in the area of the component.
  • the air chamber 16 can also be designed as a gap, in particular with a small volume.
  • 16 channels 18 can optionally be arranged in the insert, which are used for temperature control of the insert.
  • the insert 16 is flushed with a temperature-controlled medium and set to a predetermined temperature.
  • the medium is preheated in a heating and / or cooling device and passed through the channels 16 of the insert 18.
  • the temperature of the insert 16 and thus the air in the chamber 15 can thus be controlled or regulated via the temperature of the medium.
  • Gases, for example inert gases or liquids, for example oil or water, are particularly suitable as the medium.
  • the provision of channels 18 is only optional. In other embodiments of the invention, the insert 16 can also be designed without the medium-carrying channels 18.
  • a mold insert 13 is provided in the lower mold half 12u, in which a cooling system which has a plurality of cooling lines 14 is integrated.
  • the use of such cooling inserts 13 offers the advantage, on the one hand, that different component contours can be embossed with a lower molding tool 12u, in that the molding insert 13 can be exchanged in accordance with the desired component shape.
  • the cooling lines 14 are fluidly connected to a distributor or connection system. The coolant is thus introduced via the connection system and distributed to the cooling lines 14.
  • the cooling lines 14 shown run essentially parallel to the surface of the component 17 and thus also essentially parallel to the active surface of the mold halves 12u, 12o.
  • the cooling lines 14 thus follow the component contour at a certain distance into the mold insert 13 of the lower mold half 12u.
  • Gaseous cooling media, liquid cooling media or a combination thereof are suitable as coolants for the cooling lines 14.
  • a single insert 16 is shown, which is arranged in the upper tool part 12o. In a further embodiment of the invention, not shown, it can be used in the lower tool part 12u may be arranged. Alternatively, one or more inserts 13 can be positioned both in the upper and in the lower tool half 12o, 12u. In addition, only the lower tool half 12u is provided with cooling lines 14. In further embodiments of the invention, the arrangement of the cooling system, ie the connection system and the cooling lines 14, can alternatively also be arranged in the upper tool half 12o. In a further alternative embodiment, cooling lines 14 can be provided both in the upper tool half 12o and in the lower tool half 12u. In addition, a mold insert 13 can alternatively be arranged in the upper tool half 12o or in both tool halves.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Formwerkzeug zur Herstellung von warmumgeformten Bauteilen.The invention relates to a mold for the production of hot-formed components.

Im heutigen Automobilbau erhöht sich der Komfort für die Fahrzeuginsassen zunehmend, durch den Einsatz von Sonderausstattungen. Diese umfassen viele elektromechanische Bauteile wie Sensoren, Motoren, Aktuatoren, und dienen dazu dem Fahrer die Fahraufgabe zu erleichtern. Gleichzeitig mit dem Komfortzuwachs erhöht sich jedoch auch das Fahrzeuggewicht. Um dem entgegen zu wirken, wird im Stand der Technik versucht, die Strukturbauteile der Karosserie gewichtsreduziert auszugestalten.In today's automotive industry, the comfort for vehicle occupants is increasing, due to the use of special equipment. These include many electromechanical components such as sensors, motors, actuators, and serve to make the driving task easier for the driver. At the same time as the increase in comfort, however, the vehicle weight also increases. In order to counteract this, the prior art attempts to reduce the weight of the structural components of the body.

Die Strukturbauteile der Karosserie sind nicht nur maßgeblich an der Stabilität des Fahrzeugs beteiligt, sondern spielen auch eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Sicherheit im Crash-Fall. Um diesen Zielkonflikt zwischen Reduktion des Bauteilgewichts von Strukturbauteilen bei gleichzeitiger Beibehaltung bzw. Realisierung hoher mechanischer Kennwerte aufzulösen, hat es sich in der Vergangenheit bewährt, Strukturbauteile mittels Warmumformung herzustellen. Warmumformprozesse sind in der Literatur auch als Formhärten oder Presshärten beschrieben.The structural components of the body are not only significantly involved in the stability of the vehicle, but also play a decisive role in safety in the event of a crash. In order to resolve this conflict of objectives between reducing the component weight of structural components while maintaining or realizing high mechanical parameters, it has proven successful in the past to produce structural components using hot forming. Hot forming processes are also described in the literature as form hardening or press hardening.

Zur Herstellung formgehärteter Bauteile, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Karosseriebauteilen sind zwei prinzipiell unterschiedliche Verfahren bekannt. Bei dem direkten Warmumformverfahren wird zunächst eine Platine in einem Ofen auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur des Stahls erwärmt und in einem Werkzeug anschließend zeitgleich umgeformt und abgekühlt d.h. formgehärtet. In dem indirekten Warmumformverfahren wird aus einer Platine zuerst durch Kaltumformen ein fertig geformtes und beschnittenes Bauteil aus Stahl erzeugt. Dieses wird dann in einer Erwärmungsanlage auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur des Stahls erwärmt und in einem Werkzeug anschließend durch rasches Abkühlen formgehärtet. In beiden Warmumformverfahren, wird die Platine oder ein bereits fertig geformtes und beschnittenes Bauteil aus Stahl im Anschluss an die Erwärmung auf die Austenitisierungstemperatur in dem Werkzeug thermomechanisch umgeformt, wobei die thermomechanische Umformung bei einer Temperatur oberhalb der Austinitisierungsendtemperatur Ac3 (ca.830°C) bevorzugt zwischen 900 und 1100°C erfolgt. Die Abkühlung der umgeformten Werkstücke erfolgt mittels einer Kühlung, die sich in einem geschlossenen Werkzeugkörper befinden. Dadurch können Bauteile mit besonders hohen mechanischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere mit hohen Festigkeiten erzeugt werden.Two fundamentally different methods are known for the production of form-hardened components, in particular for the production of body components. In the direct hot forming process, a blank is first heated in a furnace to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the steel and then simultaneously shaped and cooled, ie hardened, in a tool. In the indirect hot-forming process, a blank is first produced from a blank by cold forming and then a trimmed and trimmed steel component. This is then in one Heating system heated to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the steel and then hardened in a mold by rapid cooling. In both hot-forming processes, the blank or a component that has already been formed and trimmed from steel is thermomechanically deformed in the tool after heating to the austenitizing temperature, thermomechanical shaping being preferred at a temperature above the final austinization temperature Ac3 (approx. 830 ° C.) between 900 and 1100 ° C. The formed workpieces are cooled by means of cooling, which is located in a closed tool body. As a result, components with particularly high mechanical properties, in particular with high strengths, can be produced.

Die Patentschrift DE 19723655 B4 zeigt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stahlblechprodukten durch Erwärmen eines abgemessenen Stahlblechs, Warmverformung des Stahlblechs in einem Werkzeugpaar, Härten des gebildeten Produkts durch schnelles Abkühlen von einer austenitischen Temperatur, während es weiterhin in dem Werkzeugpaar gehalten ist und anschließende Bearbeitung des Produkts.The patent DE 19723655 B4 shows a process for the manufacture of steel sheet products by heating a measured steel sheet, thermoforming the steel sheet in a pair of tools, hardening the product formed by rapid cooling from an austenitic temperature while it is still held in the tool pair and then processing the product.

Aus der JP 2007-075834 A ist eine Form zum Warmpressformen eines heißen, metallischen, glatten Materials bekannt, wobei die Festigkeit des geformten Produkts mittels einer Kühleinrichtung mit einer wärmeisolierenden Einrichtung steuerbar ist. Die wärmeisolierende Einreichung hat erste ausgesparte Abschnitte, die auf der Formoberfläche des Werkzeugs ausgebildet sind.From the JP 2007-075834 A a mold for hot press molding a hot, metallic, smooth material is known, the strength of the molded product being controllable by means of a cooling device with a heat insulating device. The heat insulating filing has first recessed portions that are formed on the mold surface of the tool.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik macht es sich die vorliegende Erfindung zur Aufgabe, ein Formwerkzeug anzugeben zur Herstellung von Bauteilen, insbesondere von Fahrzeugbauteilen aus Blech, bei denen besonders gute mechanische Kennwerte realisiert werden und gleichzeitig das Bauteilgewicht reduziert wird.On the basis of this prior art, it is the object of the present invention to provide a molding tool for the production of components, in particular vehicle components made of sheet metal, in which particularly good mechanical characteristics are achieved and at the same time the component weight is reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Formwerkzeug gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved with a molding tool according to independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the method are specified in the subclaims.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung ein Formwerkzeug zur Herstellung von warmumgeformten Bauteilen, insbesondere Blechformteilen vor, mit einem Werkzeugunterteil und einem Werkzeugoberteil, die zueinander relativ beweglich sind und die mit korrespondierenden Wirkflächen zur Formgebung des Bauteils ausgebildet sind, wobei mindestens die Wirkfläche eines Werkzeugteils zumindest abschnittsweise kühlbar ausgebildet ist und in dem Werkzeugteil Kühlleitungen vorgesehen sind. In mindestens einem der beiden Werkzeugteile kann mindestens eine Ausnehmung vorgesehen sein, die in einem geschlossenen Zustand des Werkzeugs mit dem Bauteil eine Luftkammer bildet, die als thermischer Isolator zwischen dem Bauteil und dem Werkzeugteil fungiert. Der Gegenstand der Erfindung basier auf dem Effekt, dass ein in einem Ofen auf eine Temperatur über AC3 erwärmtes Werkstück zwischen die Werkzeugteile eingebracht wird und im direkten Verfahren warmumgeformt wird, wobei das Werkstück zeitgleich geometrisch umgeformt und thermisch abgekühlt wird. In dem Bereich des Werkstücks an dem die Ausnehmung angrenzt, dient ein in der Kammer eingeschlossenes Medium als Isolator, so dass dadurch das Werkstück im Bereich der Kammer langsamer als in den restlichen Bereichen des Bauteils abgekühlt wird. Dadurch stellt sich in diesem Bereich des Werkstücks, ein Gefüge mit geringeren mechanischen Festigkeitskennwerten ein als im restlichen Bauteil. Als Medium eignen sich insbesondere Gase, beispielsweise Inertgase oder Umgebungsluft.To achieve this object, the invention proposes a molding tool for the production of hot-formed components, in particular sheet metal parts before, with a lower tool part and an upper tool part, which are relatively movable relative to one another and which are designed with corresponding active surfaces for shaping the component, at least the active surface of a tool part being at least partially coolable and cooling lines being provided in the tool part. At least one recess can be provided in at least one of the two tool parts, which, when the tool is closed, forms an air chamber with the component, which acts as a thermal insulator between the component and the tool part. The object of the invention is based on the effect that a workpiece heated in a furnace to a temperature above AC3 is introduced between the tool parts and is hot-formed in the direct method, the workpiece being simultaneously geometrically shaped and thermally cooled. In the area of the workpiece to which the recess adjoins, a medium enclosed in the chamber serves as an insulator, so that the workpiece is thereby cooled more slowly in the area of the chamber than in the remaining areas of the component. This results in a structure with lower mechanical strength values in this area of the workpiece than in the rest of the component. Gases, for example inert gases or ambient air, are particularly suitable as the medium.

Die Ausnehmung ist volumenvariabel ausgebildet. Dadurch kann die Menge an Luft in der Kammer je nach Bedarf erhöht oder reduziert und damit der Grad der Isolation gegenüber dem gekühlten Werkzeugteil variiert werden. Hierbei wird eine höhere Isolation erzielt, je höher die Menge an Luft in der Kammer ist.
In dem Werkzeugteil in dem die Ausnehmung ausgebildet ist, kann ein Einsatz angeordnet sein, der eine werkzeugseitige Rückwand der Luftkammer ausbildet. Mit anderen Worten: der Einsatz hat einen dem Bauteil zugewandten Oberflächenabschnitt, der einen Teil der Wandung der Ausnehmung bildet.The recess is variable in volume. As a result, the amount of air in the chamber can be increased or reduced as required and the degree of insulation with respect to the cooled tool part can be varied. The higher the amount of air in the chamber, the higher the insulation.
An insert can be arranged in the tool part in which the recess is formed, which forms a tool-side rear wall of the air chamber. In other words: the insert has a surface section facing the component, which forms part of the wall of the recess.

Weiterhin kann der Einsatz beweglich, insbesondere linear verschiebbar, in dem Werkzeugteil angeordnet ist. Dadurch kann je nach gewünschtem Isolationsgrad der Einsatz in eine korrespondierende Position überführt werden und dadurch das Volumen der Luftkammer definiert werden.Furthermore, the insert can be arranged to be movable, in particular linearly displaceable, in the tool part. Depending on the desired degree of insulation, the insert can be transferred to a corresponding position and the volume of the air chamber can be defined.

Darüber hinaus können in dem Einsatz Kanäle vorgesehen sein, zur Temperierung des Einsatzes. Bevorzugt wird der Einsatz mit einem temperierten Medium, insbesondere mit einem Gas oder mit einer Flüssigkeit beispielsweise Öl oder Wasser auf eine vorbestimmte Temperatur eingestellt. Das Medium wird dabei in einer Heiz- und/oder Kühleinrichtung temperiert und durch die Kanäle des Einsatzes geleitet. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass der Einsatz je nach Bedarf erwärmt oder abgekühlt werden kann. Dadurch kann das Volumen in der Kammer ebenfalls temperiert werden, wodurch gewünschte mechanische Eigenschaften in bestimmten Bereichen des Blechteils eingestellt werden können.In addition, channels can be provided in the insert for temperature control of the insert. Use with a temperature-controlled medium, in particular with a gas or with a liquid, for example oil or water, is preferably set to a predetermined temperature. The medium is tempered in a heating and / or cooling device and passed through the channels of the insert. This has the advantage that the insert can be heated or cooled as required. As a result, the volume in the chamber can also be tempered, whereby desired mechanical properties can be set in certain areas of the sheet metal part.

Der Einsatz kann in einem geschlossenen Zustand des Werkzeugs in einer zurückgezogenen Position sein, zur Erzeugung der Ausnehmung. In dieser Position wird dann eine mit Medium/Luft gefüllte Kammer ausgebildet. In einem geöffneten Zustand des Werkzeugs kann der Einsatz in einer vorgeschobenen Position sein, in der das Volumen der Ausnehmung gegenüber dem Volumen der Ausnehmung in der zurückgezogenen Position des Einsatzes zumindest verkleinert ist. Dadurch wird wahlweise nach jedem Umformvorgang oder nach einer vorbestimmten Anzahl von Umformvorgängen die Luft aus der Kammer entfernt und dadurch verhindert, dass sich die Luft in der Kammer übermäßig erwärmt. Die Ausnehmung bzw. die Kammer wird folglich regelmäßig mit dem Medium/Luft gespült. Der Warmumformvorgang - und nicht zu Letzt das Gefüge in diesem Bereich des Werkstücks -wird somit nicht beeinträchtigt.The insert can be in a retracted position when the tool is closed, in order to produce the recess. A chamber filled with medium / air is then formed in this position. When the tool is open, the insert can be in an advanced position in which the volume of the recess is at least reduced compared to the volume of the recess in the retracted position of the insert. As a result, the air is optionally removed from the chamber after each shaping process or after a predetermined number of shaping processes and thereby prevents the air in the chamber from being excessively heated. The recess or the chamber is consequently regularly flushed with the medium / air. The hot forming process - and not least the structure in this area of the workpiece - is not affected.

In einer alternativen Ausführungsform kann die Ausnehmung über eine Steuerung oder eine Regelung aktiv gespült werden.In an alternative embodiment, the recess can be actively flushed using a control or regulation.

Die Blechformteile können aus Eisenmetall insbesondere aus Stahl und/oder aus Nichteisenmetall insbesondere aus Aluminium und/oder Magnesium ausgebildet sein.The sheet metal parts can be formed from ferrous metal, in particular from steel and / or from non-ferrous metal, in particular from aluminum and / or magnesium.

Die Kühlleitungen können ein Kühlmittel im Wesentlichen parallel zu einer Oberfläche des Bauteils führen. Das in den Kühlleitungen geführte Kühlmittel, das gasförmig oder flüssig sein kann, kommt nicht in direkten Kontakt mit dem Bauteil. Die thermische Energie des Kühlmittels in den Kühlleitungen wirkt durch das Material des Werkzeugteils auf das Bauteil bzw. Werkstück, das beim Umformen mit dem Werkzeugteil im berührenden Kontakt steht. Somit können einzelne Bereiche des Bauteils bzw. des Werkstücks unterschiedlich schnell bzw. unterschiedlich stark abgekühlt werden und dadurch verschiedene mechanische Eigenschaften in dem Bauteil realisiert werden.The cooling lines can conduct a coolant essentially parallel to a surface of the component. The coolant in the cooling lines, which can be gaseous or liquid, does not come into direct contact with the component. The thermal energy of the coolant in the cooling lines acts on the component or workpiece through the material of the tool part, which is in contact with the tool part during forming. Individual areas of the component or the workpiece can thus be cooled at different speeds or with different degrees of strength, and various mechanical properties can thereby be realized in the component.

Darüber hinaus können die Kühlleitungen über ein gemeinsames Zuführsystem mit Kühlmittel versorgt werden. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass eine gleichmäßige Temperierung bzw. Versorgung mit Kühlmittel gleicher Temperatur in allen Kühlleitungen sichergestellt wird.In addition, the cooling lines can be supplied with coolant via a common supply system. This offers the advantage that a uniform temperature control or supply with coolant of the same temperature is ensured in all cooling lines.

In einer weiteren alternativen Ausführungsform des Formwerkzeuges kann die Wirkfläche des Werkzeugoberteils und/oder die Wirkfläche des Werkzeugunterteils zumindest abschnittsweise kühlbar ausgebildet sein. Aufgrund der geringen Dicke des Blechbauteils, die im Bereich von 0,5 bis 5 mm liegt, ist eine einseitige Kühlung ausreichend. Um jedoch eine besonders schnelle und starke Abkühlung zu realisieren, kann es von Vorteil sein, eine beidseitige Kühlung zu realisieren.In a further alternative embodiment of the molding tool, the active surface of the upper tool part and / or the active surface of the lower tool part can be designed to be coolable, at least in sections. Due to the small thickness of the sheet metal component, which is in the range of 0.5 to 5 mm, one-sided cooling is sufficient. However, in order to achieve particularly rapid and strong cooling, it can be advantageous to implement cooling on both sides.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Figurenbeschreibung näher erläutert. Die Figurenbeschreibung, die Ansprüche sowie die Zeichnungen enthalten Merkmale, die ein Fachmann ggf. auch in anderer Kombination in Betracht ziehen würde, um sie an entsprechende Anwendungsfälle der Erfindung anzupassen.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the description of the figures. The description of the figures, the claims and the drawings contain features which a person skilled in the art would possibly also consider in a different combination in order to adapt them to corresponding applications of the invention.

Es zeigt in schematischer Darstellung
Fig. 1 eine Schnittansicht durch ein Formwerkzeug.It shows in a schematic representation
Fig. 1 a sectional view through a mold.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Formwerkzeug 10, das in Pressen einsetzbar ist zur Warmumformung von Werkzeugen, insbesondere Blechplatinen zu Blechbauteilen 17. Das Formwerkzeug 10 weist eine untere Werkzeughälfte 12u auf, die auf einer Grundplatte 11 aufsitzt. Die untere Formwerkzeughälfte 12u wirkt mit einer oberen Formwerkzeughälfte 12o zusammen. Die einander zugewandten Wirkflächen der oberen Formwerkzeughälfte 12o und der unteren Formwerkzeughälfte 12u sind korrespondierend ausgebildet, so dass sie wie Matrize und Stempel eines Pressenwerkzeugs fungieren. Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Beispiel ist die Werkzeughälfte 12o als Stempel und die Werkzeughälfte 12u als Matrize ausgebildet. Ohne den Bereich der Erfindung zu verlassen, können in nicht gezeigten Alternativen Ausführungsformen die obere und die untere Formwerkzeughälfte ihre Anordnung betreffend vertauscht werden, so dass das Oberwerkzeug als Matrize und das Unterwerkzeug als Stempel fungieren. Die obere Werkzeughälfte 12o und die untere Werkzeughälfte 12u sind zueinander relativ beweglich. Die in Fig. 1 dargestellten Formwerkzeughälften 12o, 12u können auseinander- und wieder zusammengefahren werden. Beim Zusammenfahren der Formwerkzeughälften gerät ein Blechstück bzw. eine Blechplatine zwischen die Formwerkzeughälften, und wird von den Wirkflächen umfasst und umgeformt. Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Zustand entspricht einer Endposition der Werkzeughälften 12u, 12o bei einem Umformvorgang in der das Bauteil 17 fertig umgeformt wird. Fig. 1 shows a molding tool 10, which can be used in presses for the hot forming of tools, in particular sheet metal blanks to sheet metal components 17. The molding tool 10 has a lower tool half 12u, which is seated on a base plate 11. The lower mold half 12u interacts with an upper mold half 12o. The mutually facing active surfaces of the upper mold half 12o and the lower mold half 12u are designed correspondingly, so that they function like the die and punch of a press tool. At the in Fig. 1 In the example shown, the tool half 12o is designed as a stamp and the tool half 12u as a die. Without leaving the scope of the invention, in alternative embodiments, not shown, the upper and lower mold halves can be interchanged with respect to their arrangement, so that the upper tool acts as a die and the lower tool acts as a punch. The upper tool half 12o and the lower tool half 12u are relatively movable with respect to one another. In the Fig. 1 Shown mold halves 12o, 12u can be moved apart and moved together again. When the mold halves move together, a piece of sheet metal or a sheet metal plate gets between the mold halves and is encompassed and shaped by the active surfaces. The in Fig. 1 The state shown corresponds to an end position of the tool halves 12u, 12o during a forming process in which the component 17 is completely formed.

In der oberen Werkzeughälfte 12o ist ein Einsatz 16 abgebildet, der entlang des Doppelpfeils B relativ zu der Werkzeughälfte 12o beweglich ist. Der Einsatz 16 ist somit linear verschiebbar in Richtung zu dem Bauteil 17 hin und von dem Bauteil 17 weg. In Figur 1 führt der Einsatz 16 eine Linearbewegung im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Bauteiloberfläche durch. Alternativ dazu kann jedoch auch eine Bewegung schräg zur Bauteiloberfläche durchgeführt werden. In dem in Figur 1 dargestellten geschlossenen Zustand des Werkzeugs 10, bildet der Einsatz 16 eine Ausnehmung 15 aus. Die Ausnehmung 15 fungiert als Kammer, die mit Luft befüllt ist. Diese Kammer 15 wird berandet von einer Oberfläche des Einsatzes 16, die dem Bauteil 17 zugewandt ist, einer inneren Oberfläche des Durchbruchs durch die obere Werkzeughälfte 12o in dem der Einsatz 16 eingebracht ist und einem Abschnitt der Oberfläche des Bauteils 17. Die Luft in dieser Kammer 16 isoliert das aus dem Ofen kommende warme Blechteil 17 gegenüber der oberen Werkzeughälfte 12o und dem darin befindlichen Einsatz 16. Somit ist der Wärmeübergang von dem Bauteil 17 auf das Formwerkzeug an dieser Stelle langsamer als in den übrigen Bauteilbereichen, in denen das Bauteil 17 direkt mit dem Werkzeug 10 in berührendem Kontakt steht. Das Bauteil 17 kühlt im Bereich der Luftkammer 15 langsamer ab, so dass sich in diesem Bereich ein Gefüge mit niedrigen mechanischen Kennwerten, insbesondere mit niedrigen Festigkeitswerten einstellt. Der Luftspalt 15 deckt damit exakt den Bereich ab, der im späteren Bauteil bzw. Fahrzeug durch niedrige Festigkeit und somit hohe Duktilität gekennzeichnet ist. Die Eigenschaften des Bauteils können damit so eingestellt werden, dass sich im Falle eines Fahrzeugcrashs eine gezielte Verformung des duktilen Bereichs ergibt.An insert 16 is shown in the upper tool half 12o and is movable along the double arrow B relative to the tool half 12o. The insert 16 is thus linearly displaceable in the direction of the component 17 and away from the component 17. In Figure 1 the insert 16 performs a linear movement essentially perpendicular to the component surface. Alternatively, however, a movement at an angle to the Component surface are carried out. In the in Figure 1 shown closed state of the tool 10, the insert 16 forms a recess 15. The recess 15 acts as a chamber which is filled with air. This chamber 15 is bordered by a surface of the insert 16 which faces the component 17, an inner surface of the opening through the upper tool half 12o in which the insert 16 is inserted and a section of the surface of the component 17. The air in this chamber 16 isolates the warm sheet metal part 17 coming from the furnace from the upper tool half 12o and the insert 16 located therein. Thus, the heat transfer from the component 17 to the mold is slower at this point than in the other component areas in which the component 17 is directly involved the tool 10 is in touching contact. The component 17 cools more slowly in the area of the air chamber 15, so that a structure with low mechanical characteristics, in particular with low strength values, is established in this area. The air gap 15 thus covers exactly the area that is characterized in the later component or vehicle by low strength and thus high ductility. The properties of the component can thus be set in such a way that a targeted deformation of the ductile area results in the event of a vehicle crash.

Die Größe der Luftkammer 15 kann durch Verschiebung des Einsatzes 16 verändert werden. Je nach gewählter Position des Einsatzes 16 d.h. je nach Größe der Luftkammer 16, lassen sich entsprechend andere gewünschte Festigkeitswerte in dem Bereich des Bauteils einstellen. Die Luftkammer 16 kann dabei insbesondere mit geringem Volumen auch als Spalt ausgebildet sein.The size of the air chamber 15 can be changed by moving the insert 16. Depending on the selected position of the insert 16 i.e. depending on the size of the air chamber 16, other desired strength values can be set accordingly in the area of the component. The air chamber 16 can also be designed as a gap, in particular with a small volume.

Alternativ zum Medium Luft, können auch andere Gase zur Füllung der Kammer 16 verwendet werden.As an alternative to the medium air, other gases can also be used to fill the chamber 16.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung können optional in dem Einsatz 16 Kanäle 18 angeordnet sein, die zur Temperierung des Einsatzes dienen. Hierzu wird der Einsatz 16 mit einem temperierten Medium durchspült und auf eine vorbestimmte Temperatur eingestellt. Das Medium wird dabei in einer Heiz- und/oder Kühleinrichtung vortemperiert und durch die Kanäle 16 des Einsatzes 18 geleitet. Damit kann über die Temperatur des Mediums die Temperatur des Einsatzes 16 und damit der Luft in der Kammer 15 gesteuert oder geregelt werden. Als Medium eignen sich insbesondere Gase, beispielsweise Inertgase oder Flüssigkeiten beispielsweise Öl oder Wasser Das Vorsehen von Kanälen 18 ist jedoch nur optional. In anderen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung kann der Einsatz 16 auch ohne die mediumführenden Kanäle 18 ausgebildet sein.According to one embodiment of the invention, 16 channels 18 can optionally be arranged in the insert, which are used for temperature control of the insert. For this purpose, the insert 16 is flushed with a temperature-controlled medium and set to a predetermined temperature. The medium is preheated in a heating and / or cooling device and passed through the channels 16 of the insert 18. The temperature of the insert 16 and thus the air in the chamber 15 can thus be controlled or regulated via the temperature of the medium. Gases, for example inert gases or liquids, for example oil or water, are particularly suitable as the medium. However, the provision of channels 18 is only optional. In other embodiments of the invention, the insert 16 can also be designed without the medium-carrying channels 18.

In der unteren Formwerkzeughälfte 12u ist ein Formeinsatz 13 vorgesehen, in dem ein Kühlsystem, das mehrere Kühlleitungen 14 aufweist, integriert ist. Die Verwendung derartiger Kühleinsätze 13 bietet zum einen den Vorteil, dass verschiedene Bauteilkonturen geprägt werden können mit einem unteren Formwerkzeug 12u, indem der Formeinsatz 13 entsprechend der gewünschten Bauteilform ausgewechselt werden kann. Die Kühlleitungen 14 sind fluidisch mit einem Verteiler- oder Anschlusssystem verbunden. Das Kühlmittel wird somit über das Anschlusssystem eingebracht, und auf die Kühlleitungen 14 verteilt.A mold insert 13 is provided in the lower mold half 12u, in which a cooling system which has a plurality of cooling lines 14 is integrated. The use of such cooling inserts 13 offers the advantage, on the one hand, that different component contours can be embossed with a lower molding tool 12u, in that the molding insert 13 can be exchanged in accordance with the desired component shape. The cooling lines 14 are fluidly connected to a distributor or connection system. The coolant is thus introduced via the connection system and distributed to the cooling lines 14.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellten Kühlleitungen 14 verlaufen im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Oberfläche des Bauteils 17 und damit auch im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Wirkfläche der Formwerkzeughälften 12u, 12o. Die Kühlleitungen 14 folgen damit der Bauteilkontur in einem gewissen Abstand in den Formeinsatz 13 der unteren Formwerkzeughälfte 12u.In the Fig. 1 The cooling lines 14 shown run essentially parallel to the surface of the component 17 and thus also essentially parallel to the active surface of the mold halves 12u, 12o. The cooling lines 14 thus follow the component contour at a certain distance into the mold insert 13 of the lower mold half 12u.

Als Kühlmittel für die Kühlleitungen 14 eignen sich gasförmige Kühlmedien, flüssige Kühlmedien oder eine Kombination daraus.Gaseous cooling media, liquid cooling media or a combination thereof are suitable as coolants for the cooling lines 14.

In Fig. 1 ist nur ein einziger Einsatz 16 abgebildet, der im oberen Werkzeugteil 12o angeordnet ist. Bei einer weiteren, nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann der Einsatz im unteren Werkzeugteil 12u angeordnet sein. Alternativ können ein oder mehrere Einsätze 13 sowohl in der oberen wie auch in der unteren Werkzeughälfte 12o, 12u positioniert sein. Darüber hinaus ist lediglich die untere Werkzeughälfte 12u mit Kühlleitungen 14 versehen. In weiteren Ausführungsformen der Erfindung, kann alternativ dazu die Anordnung des Kühlsystems, d.h. das Anschlusssystem und die Kühlleitungen 14 auch in der oberen Werkzeughälfte 12o angeordnet sein. In einer weiteren alternativen Ausführungsform können sowohl in der oberen Werkzeughälfte 12o als auch in der unteren Werkzeughälfte 12u Kühlleitungen 14 vorgesehen sein. Darüber hinaus kann ein Formeinsatz 13 alternativ in der oberen Werkzeughälfte 12o oder in beiden Werkzeughälften angeordnet sein.In Fig. 1 only a single insert 16 is shown, which is arranged in the upper tool part 12o. In a further embodiment of the invention, not shown, it can be used in the lower tool part 12u may be arranged. Alternatively, one or more inserts 13 can be positioned both in the upper and in the lower tool half 12o, 12u. In addition, only the lower tool half 12u is provided with cooling lines 14. In further embodiments of the invention, the arrangement of the cooling system, ie the connection system and the cooling lines 14, can alternatively also be arranged in the upper tool half 12o. In a further alternative embodiment, cooling lines 14 can be provided both in the upper tool half 12o and in the lower tool half 12u. In addition, a mold insert 13 can alternatively be arranged in the upper tool half 12o or in both tool halves.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

1010th
FormwerkzeugMolding tool
1111
Werkzeug GrundplatteTool base plate
12u12u
WerkzeugunterteilLower part of the tool
12o12o
WerkzeugoberteilUpper part of the tool
1313
WerkzeugeinsatzTool insert
1414
KühlleitungenCooling pipes
1515
AusnehmungRecess
1616
Einsatzcommitment
1717th
BauteilComponent
1818th
Kanälechannels

Claims (8)

  1. A forming die (10) for producing hot-formed components (17), especially shaped sheet metal parts, with a lower die part (12u) and an upper die part (12o) which are movable in relation to each other and which are formed with corresponding effective areas for shaping the component (17), wherein at least the effective area of one die part (12u, 12o) is formed to be coolable at least in portions and cooling lines (14) are provided in the die part (12u, 12o),
    wherein at least one recess (15) is provided in at least one of the two die parts (12u, 12o), which recess in a closed state of the die (10) forms with the component (17) an air chamber which acts as a thermal insulator between the component (17) and the die part (12o), characterised in that
    the recess (15) is formed to be variable in volume.
  2. A forming die according to Claim 1, characterised in that an insert (16) is arranged in the die part (12u, 12o) in which the recess (15) is formed, which insert forms a die-side rear wall of the air chamber.
  3. A forming die according to Claim 2, characterised in that the insert (16) is arranged movably, especially linearly displaceably, in the die part.
  4. A forming die according to Claim 3, characterised in that the insert (16) in a closed state of the die (10) is in a retracted position in order to produce the recess (15).
  5. A forming die according to Claim 3 or Claim 4, characterised in that in an opened state of the die (10) the insert is in an advanced position, in which the volume of the recess (15) is reduced compared with the volume of the recess (15) in the retracted position of the insert (16).
  6. A forming die according to one of Claims 2 to 5, characterised in that ducts (18) are provided in the insert (16).
  7. A forming die according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
    the shaped sheet metal parts are formed of ferrous metal, especially of steel, and/or of non-ferrous metal, especially of aluminium and/or magnesium.
  8. A forming die according to one of Claims 2 to 7, characterised in that the insert (16) is formed from metal, non-metal, especially of concrete, wood or a combination of these materials.
EP15787146.8A 2014-10-29 2015-10-08 Molding tool for producing hot-formed components Active EP3212346B1 (en)

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DE102014221997.3A DE102014221997A1 (en) 2014-10-29 2014-10-29 Mold for the production of hot-formed components
PCT/EP2015/073207 WO2016066391A1 (en) 2014-10-29 2015-10-08 Molding tool for producing hot-formed components

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DE102014118416B4 (en) * 2014-12-11 2017-02-23 Thyssenkrupp Ag Tool for forming and / or partial press hardening of a workpiece
EP4032631A1 (en) * 2021-01-26 2022-07-27 C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni Apparatus and method for hot stamping of metal sheets with modulation of the quenching rate

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JP4664781B2 (en) * 2005-09-12 2011-04-06 新日本製鐵株式会社 Hot press molding die, hot press molding apparatus, and hot press molding method
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DE102014221997A1 (en) 2016-05-04
WO2016066391A1 (en) 2016-05-06
US20170225214A1 (en) 2017-08-10
EP3212346A1 (en) 2017-09-06
US10537928B2 (en) 2020-01-21

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