EP3212346A1 - Molding tool for producing hot-formed components - Google Patents

Molding tool for producing hot-formed components

Info

Publication number
EP3212346A1
EP3212346A1 EP15787146.8A EP15787146A EP3212346A1 EP 3212346 A1 EP3212346 A1 EP 3212346A1 EP 15787146 A EP15787146 A EP 15787146A EP 3212346 A1 EP3212346 A1 EP 3212346A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
insert
component
mold
recess
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15787146.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3212346B1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Becker
Bernd Kupetz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP3212346A1 publication Critical patent/EP3212346A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3212346B1 publication Critical patent/EP3212346B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/06—Stamping using rigid devices or tools having relatively-movable die parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mold for the production of hot-formed components.
  • the structural components of the body are not only significantly involved in the stability of the vehicle, but also play a crucial role in safety in the event of a crash.
  • Hot forming processes are also described in the literature as mold hardening or press hardening.
  • a board is first heated in an oven to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the steel and then simultaneously formed in a tool and cooled, ie, form-hardened.
  • a finished molded and trimmed steel component is first produced from a board by cold forming.
  • thermo-mechanically formed following heating to the austenitizing temperature in the tool wherein the thermo-mechanical forming at a temperature above the Austinitmaschinesendtemperatur Ac3 (about 830 ° C) is preferably between 900 and 1100 ° C.
  • the cooling of the formed workpieces by means of a cooling which are located in a closed tool body.
  • the patent DE 19723655 B4 shows a method for producing steel sheet products by heating a measured steel sheet, hot working the steel sheet in a pair of tools, hardening the formed product by rapidly cooling from an austenitic temperature while still being held in the pair of tools and then working the product ,
  • the present invention has the object to provide a mold for the production of components, in particular of vehicle components made of sheet metal, in which particularly good mechanical characteristics are realized and at the same time the weight of the component is reduced.
  • the invention proposes a mold for the production of hot formed components, in particular sheet metal parts before, with a tool lower part and a tool upper part, which are relatively movable to each other and which are formed with corresponding active surfaces for shaping the component, wherein at least the active surface of a tool part is at least partially coolable and are provided in the tool part cooling lines.
  • at least one recess may be provided, which forms in a closed state of the tool with the component an air chamber, which acts as a thermal insulator between the component and the tool part.
  • the object of the invention is based on the effect that a workpiece heated in a furnace to a temperature above AC3 is introduced between the tool parts and hot-formed in the direct process, wherein the workpiece is simultaneously geometrically deformed and thermally cooled.
  • a medium enclosed in the chamber acts as an insulator, thereby cooling the workpiece in the region of the chamber more slowly than in the remaining regions of the component.
  • gases for example inert gases or ambient air, are suitable as the medium.
  • the recess may be formed variable in volume. As a result, the amount of air in the chamber can be increased or reduced as needed, and thus the degree of isolation compared to the cooled tool part can be varied. Here, a higher insulation is achieved, the higher the amount of air in the chamber.
  • an insert may be arranged, which forms a tool-side rear wall of the air chamber.
  • the insert has a surface portion facing the component, which forms part of the wall of the recess.
  • the insert can be arranged movably, in particular linearly displaceable, in the tool part. As a result, depending on the desired degree of isolation, the insert can be transferred into a corresponding position, thereby defining the volume of the air chamber.
  • channels may be provided in the insert for controlling the temperature of the insert.
  • the insert is adjusted to a predetermined temperature with a tempered medium, in particular with a gas or with a liquid, for example oil or water.
  • the medium is tempered in a heating and / or cooling device and passed through the channels of the insert.
  • the insert may be in a retracted position in a closed state of the tool to produce the recess. In this position, a filled with medium / air chamber is then formed. In an open state of the tool, the insert may be in an advanced position in which the volume of the recess is at least reduced in size relative to the volume of the recess in the retracted position of the insert.
  • the air is removed from the chamber, thereby preventing the air in the chamber from excessively heating.
  • the recess or the chamber is consequently flushed regularly with the medium / air. The hot forming process - and not least the structure in this area of the workpiece - is thus not affected.
  • the recess may be actively purged via a controller or controller.
  • the sheet-metal shaped parts may be formed of iron metal, in particular of steel and / or of non-ferrous metal, in particular of aluminum and / or magnesium.
  • the cooling lines may carry a coolant substantially parallel to a surface of the component.
  • the guided in the cooling lines coolant, which may be gaseous or liquid, does not come into direct contact with the component.
  • the thermal energy of the coolant in the cooling lines acts through the material of the tool part on the component or workpiece, which is in contact with the mold during forming with the tool.
  • individual areas of the component or of the workpiece can be cooled at different speeds or different degrees, thereby realizing various mechanical properties in the component.
  • cooling lines can be supplied with coolant via a common feed system. This offers the advantage that a uniform temperature control or supply of coolant of the same temperature is ensured in all cooling lines.
  • the active surface of the upper tool part and / or the active surface of the lower tool part can be designed to be coolable at least in sections. Due to the small thickness of the sheet metal component, which is in the range of 0.5 to 5 mm, a one-sided cooling is sufficient. However, to realize a particularly fast and strong cooling, it may be advantageous to realize a two-sided cooling.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view through a mold.
  • Fig. 1 shows a mold 10, which is used in presses for hot forming of tools, in particular sheet metal blanks to sheet metal components 17.
  • the mold 10 has a lower mold half 12u, which rests on a base plate 1 1.
  • the lower mold half 12u cooperates with an upper mold half 12o.
  • the mutually facing active surfaces of the upper mold half 12 o and the lower mold half 12 u are formed correspondingly, so that they act as a die and die of a press tool.
  • the tool half 12o is designed as a punch and the tool half 12u as a die.
  • the upper and lower mold halves can be reversed in their arrangement, such that the upper tool acts as a die and the lower tool acts as a punch.
  • the upper mold half 12o and the lower mold half 12u are relatively movable relative to each other.
  • the mold halves 12o, 12u shown in FIG. 1 can be moved apart and back together. When the mold halves move together, a piece of sheet metal or a sheet metal blank is inserted between the mold halves, and is encompassed and shaped by the active surfaces.
  • the state shown in Fig. 1 corresponds to an end position of the tool halves 12u, 12o in a forming process in which the component 17 is finished reshaped.
  • an insert 16 is shown, which is movable along the double arrow B relative to the tool half 12o.
  • the insert 16 is thus linearly displaceable in the direction of the component 17 and away from the component 17.
  • the insert 16 performs a linear motion substantially perpendicular to the component surface. Alternatively, however, a movement obliquely to Component surface to be performed.
  • the insert 16 forms a recess 15.
  • the recess 15 acts as a chamber which is filled with air. This chamber 15 is bounded by a surface of the insert 16, which faces the component 17, an inner surface of the opening through the upper tool half 12o in which the insert 16 is introduced and a portion of the surface of the component 17.
  • the air gap 15 slower, so that sets in this area a microstructure with low mechanical characteristics, in particular with low strength values.
  • the air gap 15 thus covers exactly the area which is characterized in the later component or vehicle by low strength and thus high ductility. The properties of the component can thus be adjusted so that in the event of a vehicle crash results in a targeted deformation of the ductile region.
  • the size of the air chamber 15 can be changed by shifting the insert 16. Depending on the selected position of the insert 16 i. Depending on the size of the air chamber 16, other desired strength values in the area of the component can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the air chamber 16 may be formed in particular with a small volume as a gap.
  • channels 18 may be arranged, which serve to control the temperature of the insert.
  • the insert 16 is flushed with a tempered medium and adjusted to a predetermined temperature.
  • the medium is pre-tempered in a heating and / or cooling device and passed through the channels 16 of the insert 18.
  • the temperature of the insert 16 and thus the air in the chamber 15 can be controlled or regulated via the temperature of the medium.
  • Gases, for example inert gases or liquids, for example oil or water, are particularly suitable as the medium.
  • the provision of channels 18 is only optional. In other embodiments of the invention, the insert 16 may be formed without the medium-carrying channels 18.
  • a mold insert 13 is provided, in which a cooling system having a plurality of cooling pipes 14 is integrated.
  • the use of such cooling inserts 13 offers, on the one hand, the advantage that different component contours can be embossed with a lower forming tool 12u in that the mold insert 13 can be replaced in accordance with the desired component shape.
  • the cooling lines 14 are fluidly connected to a distribution or connection system. The coolant is thus introduced via the connection system, and distributed to the cooling lines 14.
  • the cooling lines 14 shown in FIG. 1 extend substantially parallel to the surface of the component 17 and thus also substantially parallel to the active surface of the mold halves 12 u, 12 o.
  • the cooling lines 14 thus follow the component contour at a certain distance in the mold insert 13 of the lower mold half 12u.
  • Suitable coolants for the cooling lines 14 are gaseous cooling media, liquid cooling media or a combination thereof.
  • a single insert 16 is shown, which is arranged in the upper tool part 12o.
  • the use in the lower tool part 12u be arranged.
  • one or more inserts 13 may be positioned in both the upper and lower mold halves 12o, 12u.
  • only the lower mold half 12u is provided with cooling pipes 14.
  • the arrangement of the cooling system, ie the connection system and the cooling lines 14 may also be arranged in the upper mold half 12o.
  • a mold insert 13 may alternatively be arranged in the upper mold half 12o or in both mold halves.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a molding tool (10) for producing hot-formed components (17), in particular molded sheet-metal parts, comprising a lower tool part (12u) and an upper tool part (12o), which can be moved in relation to each other and which are designed with corresponding active surfaces for shaping the component (17), at least the active surface of one tool part (12u, 12o) being designed to be coolable at least in some segments and cooling lines (14) being provided in the tool part (12u, 12o), characterized in that at least one cut-out (15) is provided in at least one of the two tool parts (12u, 12o), which cut-out forms an air chamber together with the component (17) in a closed state of the tool (10), which air chamber acts as a thermal insulator between the component (17) and the tool part (12o).

Description

Formwerkzeug zur Herstellung von warmumgeformten Bauteilen  Mold for the production of hot-formed components
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Formwerkzeug zur Herstellung von warmumgeformten Bauteilen. The invention relates to a mold for the production of hot-formed components.
Im heutigen Automobilbau erhöht sich der Komfort für die Fahrzeuginsassen zunehmend, durch den Einsatz von Sonderausstattungen. Diese umfassen viele elektromechanische Bauteile wie Sensoren, Motoren, Aktuatoren, und dienen dazu dem Fahrer die Fahraufgabe zu erleichtern. Gleichzeitig mit dem Komfortzuwachs erhöht sich jedoch auch das Fahrzeuggewicht. Um dem entgegen zu wirken, wird im Stand der Technik versucht, die Strukturbauteile der Karosserie gewichtsreduziert auszugestalten. In today's automotive industry, the comfort for the vehicle occupants increases increasingly by the use of special equipment. These include many electromechanical components such as sensors, motors, actuators, and serve the driver to facilitate the driving task. However, as the comfort increases, so does the vehicle weight. In order to counteract this, it is attempted in the prior art to design the structural components of the body in a weight-reduced manner.
Die Strukturbauteile der Karosserie sind nicht nur maßgeblich an der Stabilität des Fahrzeugs beteiligt, sondern spielen auch eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Sicherheit im Crash-Fall. Um diesen Zielkonflikt zwischen Reduktion des Bauteilgewichts von Strukturbauteilen bei gleichzeitiger Beibehaltung bzw. Realisierung hoher mechanischer Kennwerte aufzulösen, hat es sich in der Vergangenheit bewährt, Strukturbauteile mittels Warmumformung herzustellen. Warmumformprozesse sind in der Literatur auch als Formhärten oder Presshärten beschrieben. The structural components of the body are not only significantly involved in the stability of the vehicle, but also play a crucial role in safety in the event of a crash. In order to resolve this conflict of interest between reduction of the component weight of structural components while maintaining or realizing high mechanical characteristics, it has proved useful in the past to produce structural components by means of hot forming. Hot forming processes are also described in the literature as mold hardening or press hardening.
Zur Herstellung formgehärteter Bauteile, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Karosseriebauteilen sind zwei prinzipiell unterschiedliche Verfahren bekannt. Bei dem direkten Warmumformverfahren wird zunächst eine Platine in einem Ofen auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur des Stahls erwärmt und in einem Werkzeug anschließend zeitgleich umgeformt und abgekühlt d.h. formgehärtet. In dem indirekten Warmumformverfahren wird aus einer Platine zuerst durch Kaltumformen ein fertig geformtes und beschnittenes Bauteil aus Stahl erzeugt. Dieses wird dann in einer Erwärmungsanlage auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur des Stahls erwärmt und in einem Werkzeug anschließend durch rasches Abkühlen formgehärtet, in beiden Warmumformverfahren, wird die Platine oder ein bereits fertig geformtes und beschnittenes Bauteil aus Stahl im Anschluss an die Erwärmung auf die Austenitisierungstemperatur in dem Werkzeug thermomechanisch umgeformt, wobei die thermomechanische Umformung bei einer Temperatur oberhalb der Austinitisierungsendtemperatur Ac3 (ca.830°C) bevorzugt zwischen 900 und 1100°C erfolgt. Die Abkühlung der umgeformten Werkstücke erfolgt mittels einer Kühlung, die sich in einem geschlossenen Werkzeugkörper befinden. Dadurch können Bauteile mit besonders hohen mechanischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere mit hohen Festigkeiten erzeugt werden. For the production of form-hardened components, in particular for the production of body components, two principally different methods are known. In the direct hot forming process, a board is first heated in an oven to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the steel and then simultaneously formed in a tool and cooled, ie, form-hardened. In the indirect hot forming process, a finished molded and trimmed steel component is first produced from a board by cold forming. This is then in a Heating equipment heated to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the steel and then die hardened in a tool by rapid cooling, in both hot forming processes, the sheet or an already finished and trimmed steel component is thermo-mechanically formed following heating to the austenitizing temperature in the tool , wherein the thermo-mechanical forming at a temperature above the Austinitisierungsendtemperatur Ac3 (about 830 ° C) is preferably between 900 and 1100 ° C. The cooling of the formed workpieces by means of a cooling, which are located in a closed tool body. As a result, components with particularly high mechanical properties, in particular with high strengths, can be produced.
Die Patentschrift DE 19723655 B4 zeigt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stahlblechprodukten durch Erwärmen eines abgemessenen Stahlblechs, Warmverformung des Stahlblechs in einem Werkzeugpaar, Härten des gebildeten Produkts durch schnelles Abkühlen von einer austenitischen Temperatur, während es weiterhin in dem Werkzeugpaar gehalten ist und anschließende Bearbeitung des Produkts. The patent DE 19723655 B4 shows a method for producing steel sheet products by heating a measured steel sheet, hot working the steel sheet in a pair of tools, hardening the formed product by rapidly cooling from an austenitic temperature while still being held in the pair of tools and then working the product ,
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik macht es sich die vorliegende Erfindung zur Aufgabe, ein Formwerkzeug anzugeben zur Herstellung von Bauteilen, insbesondere von Fahrzeugbauteilen aus Blech, bei denen besonders gute mechanische Kennwerte realisiert werden und gleichzeitig das Bauteilgewicht reduziert wird. Based on this prior art, the present invention has the object to provide a mold for the production of components, in particular of vehicle components made of sheet metal, in which particularly good mechanical characteristics are realized and at the same time the weight of the component is reduced.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Formwerkzeug gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. This object is achieved with a mold according to independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the method are specified in the subclaims.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung ein Formwerkzeug zur Herstellung von warm umgeformten Bauteilen, insbesondere Blechformteilen vor, mit einem Werkzeugunterteil und einem Werkzeugoberteil, die zueinander relativ beweglich sind und die mit korrespondierenden Wirkflächen zur Formgebung des Bauteils ausgebildet sind, wobei mindestens die Wirkfläche eines Werkzeugteils zumindest abschnittsweise kühlbar ausgebildet ist und in dem Werkzeugteil Kühlleitungen vorgesehen sind. In mindestens einem der beiden Werkzeugteile kann mindestens eine Ausnehmung vorgesehen sein, die in einem geschlossenen Zustand des Werkzeugs mit dem Bauteil eine Luftkammer bildet, die als thermischer Isolator zwischen dem Bauteil und dem Werkzeugteil fungiert. Der Gegenstand der Erfindung basier auf dem Effekt, dass ein in einem Ofen auf eine Temperatur über AC3 erwärmtes Werkstück zwischen die Werkzeugteile eingebracht wird und im direkten Verfahren warmumgeformt wird, wobei das Werkstück zeitgleich geometrisch umgeformt und thermisch abgekühlt wird. In dem Bereich des Werkstücks an dem die Ausnehmung angrenzt, dient ein in der Kammer eingeschlossenes Medium als Isolator, so dass dadurch das Werkstück im Bereich der Kammer langsamer als in den restlichen Bereichen des Bauteils abgekühlt wird. Dadurch stellt sich in diesem Bereich des Werkstücks, ein Gefüge mit geringeren mechanischen Festigkeitskennwerten ein als im restlichen Bauteil. Als Medium eignen sich insbesondere Gase, beispielsweise Inertgase oder Umgebungsluft. To solve this problem, the invention proposes a mold for the production of hot formed components, in particular sheet metal parts before, with a tool lower part and a tool upper part, which are relatively movable to each other and which are formed with corresponding active surfaces for shaping the component, wherein at least the active surface of a tool part is at least partially coolable and are provided in the tool part cooling lines. In at least one of the two tool parts, at least one recess may be provided, which forms in a closed state of the tool with the component an air chamber, which acts as a thermal insulator between the component and the tool part. The object of the invention is based on the effect that a workpiece heated in a furnace to a temperature above AC3 is introduced between the tool parts and hot-formed in the direct process, wherein the workpiece is simultaneously geometrically deformed and thermally cooled. In the region of the workpiece on which the recess is adjacent, a medium enclosed in the chamber acts as an insulator, thereby cooling the workpiece in the region of the chamber more slowly than in the remaining regions of the component. As a result, in this area of the workpiece, a microstructure with lower mechanical strength characteristics sets in than in the rest of the component. In particular, gases, for example inert gases or ambient air, are suitable as the medium.
Die Ausnehmung kann volumenvariabel ausgebildet sein. Dadurch kann die Menge an Luft in der Kammer je nach Bedarf erhöht oder reduziert und damit der Grad der Isolation gegenüber dem gekühlten Werkzeugteil variiert werden. Hierbei wird eine höhere Isolation erzielt, je höher die Menge an Luft in der Kammer ist. The recess may be formed variable in volume. As a result, the amount of air in the chamber can be increased or reduced as needed, and thus the degree of isolation compared to the cooled tool part can be varied. Here, a higher insulation is achieved, the higher the amount of air in the chamber.
In dem Werkzeugteil in dem die Ausnehmung ausgebildet ist, kann ein Einsatz angeordnet sein, der eine werkzeugseitige Rückwand der Luftkammer ausbildet. Mit anderen Worten: der Einsatz hat einen dem Bauteil zugewandten Oberflächenabschnitt, der einen Teil der Wandung der Ausnehmung bildet. Weiterhin kann der Einsatz beweglich, insbesondere linear verschiebbar, in dem Werkzeugteil angeordnet ist. Dadurch kann je nach gewünschtem Isolationsgrad der Einsatz in eine korrespondierende Position überführt werden und dadurch das Volumen der Luftkammer definiert werden. In the tool part in which the recess is formed, an insert may be arranged, which forms a tool-side rear wall of the air chamber. In other words, the insert has a surface portion facing the component, which forms part of the wall of the recess. Furthermore, the insert can be arranged movably, in particular linearly displaceable, in the tool part. As a result, depending on the desired degree of isolation, the insert can be transferred into a corresponding position, thereby defining the volume of the air chamber.
Darüber hinaus können in dem Einsatz Kanäle vorgesehen sein, zur Temperierung des Einsatzes. Bevorzugt wird der Einsatz mit einem temperierten Medium, insbesondere mit einem Gas oder mit einer Flüssigkeit beispielsweise Öl oder Wasser auf eine vorbestimmte Temperatur eingestellt. Das Medium wird dabei in einer Heiz- und/oder Kühleinrichtung temperiert und durch die Kanäle des Einsatzes geleitet. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass der Einsatz je nach Bedarf erwärmt oder abgekühlt werden kann. Dadurch kann das Volumen in der Kammer ebenfalls temperiert werden, wodurch gewünschte mechanische Eigenschaften in bestimmten Bereichen des Blechteils eingestellt werden können. In addition, channels may be provided in the insert for controlling the temperature of the insert. Preferably, the insert is adjusted to a predetermined temperature with a tempered medium, in particular with a gas or with a liquid, for example oil or water. The medium is tempered in a heating and / or cooling device and passed through the channels of the insert. This offers the advantage that the insert can be heated or cooled as needed. Thereby, the volume in the chamber can also be tempered, whereby desired mechanical properties can be adjusted in certain areas of the sheet metal part.
Der Einsatz kann in einem geschlossenen Zustand des Werkzeugs in einer zurückgezogenen Position sein, zur Erzeugung der Ausnehmung. In dieser Position wird dann eine mit Medium/Luft gefüllte Kammer ausgebildet. In einem geöffneten Zustand des Werkzeugs kann der Einsatz in einer vorgeschobenen Position sein, in der das Volumen der Ausnehmung gegenüber dem Volumen der Ausnehmung in der zurückgezogenen Position des Einsatzes zumindest verkleinert ist. Dadurch wird wahlweise nach jedem Umformvorgang oder nach einer vorbestimmten Anzahl von Umformvorgängen die Luft aus der Kammer entfernt und dadurch verhindert, dass sich die Luft in der Kammer übermäßig erwärmt. Die Ausnehmung bzw. die Kammer wird folglich regelmäßig mit dem Medium/Luft gespült. Der Warmumformvorgang - und nicht zu Letzt das Gefüge in diesem Bereich des Werkstücks - wird somit nicht beeinträchtigt. The insert may be in a retracted position in a closed state of the tool to produce the recess. In this position, a filled with medium / air chamber is then formed. In an open state of the tool, the insert may be in an advanced position in which the volume of the recess is at least reduced in size relative to the volume of the recess in the retracted position of the insert. As a result, either after each forming operation or after a predetermined number of forming operations, the air is removed from the chamber, thereby preventing the air in the chamber from excessively heating. The recess or the chamber is consequently flushed regularly with the medium / air. The hot forming process - and not least the structure in this area of the workpiece - is thus not affected.
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform kann die Ausnehmung über eine Steuerung oder eine Regelung aktiv gespült werden. Die Blechformteile können aus Eisenmetall insbesondere aus Stahl und/oder aus Nichteisenmetall insbesondere aus Aluminium und/oder Magnesium ausgebildet sein. In an alternative embodiment, the recess may be actively purged via a controller or controller. The sheet-metal shaped parts may be formed of iron metal, in particular of steel and / or of non-ferrous metal, in particular of aluminum and / or magnesium.
Die Kühlleitungen können ein Kühlmittel im Wesentlichen parallel zu einer Oberfläche des Bauteils führen. Das in den Kühlleitungen geführte Kühlmittel, das gasförmig oder flüssig sein kann, kommt nicht in direkten Kontakt mit dem Bauteil. Die thermische Energie des Kühlmittels in den Kühlleitungen wirkt durch das Material des Werkzeugteils auf das Bauteil bzw. Werkstück, das beim Umformen mit dem Werkzeugteil im berührenden Kontakt steht. Somit können einzelne Bereiche des Bauteils bzw. des Werkstücks unterschiedlich schnell bzw. unterschiedlich stark abgekühlt werden und dadurch verschiedene mechanische Eigenschaften in dem Bauteil realisiert werden. The cooling lines may carry a coolant substantially parallel to a surface of the component. The guided in the cooling lines coolant, which may be gaseous or liquid, does not come into direct contact with the component. The thermal energy of the coolant in the cooling lines acts through the material of the tool part on the component or workpiece, which is in contact with the mold during forming with the tool. Thus, individual areas of the component or of the workpiece can be cooled at different speeds or different degrees, thereby realizing various mechanical properties in the component.
Darüber hinaus können die Kühlleitungen über ein gemeinsames Zuführsystem mit Kühlmittel versorgt werden. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass eine gleichmäßige Temperierung bzw. Versorgung mit Kühlmittel gleicher Temperatur in allen Kühlleitungen sichergestellt wird. In addition, the cooling lines can be supplied with coolant via a common feed system. This offers the advantage that a uniform temperature control or supply of coolant of the same temperature is ensured in all cooling lines.
In einer weiteren alternativen Ausführungsform des Formwerkzeuges kann die Wirkfläche des Werkzeugoberteils und/oder die Wirkfläche des Werkzeugunterteils zumindest abschnittsweise kühlbar ausgebildet sein. Aufgrund der geringen Dicke des Blechbauteils, die im Bereich von 0,5 bis 5 mm liegt, ist eine einseitige Kühlung ausreichend. Um jedoch eine besonders schnelle und starke Abkühlung zu realisieren, kann es von Vorteil sein, eine beidseitige Kühlung zu realisieren. In a further alternative embodiment of the molding tool, the active surface of the upper tool part and / or the active surface of the lower tool part can be designed to be coolable at least in sections. Due to the small thickness of the sheet metal component, which is in the range of 0.5 to 5 mm, a one-sided cooling is sufficient. However, to realize a particularly fast and strong cooling, it may be advantageous to realize a two-sided cooling.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Figurenbeschreibung näher erläutert. Die Figurenbeschreibung, die Ansprüche sowie die Zeichnungen enthalten Merkmale, die ein Fachmann ggf. auch in anderer Kombination in Betracht ziehen würde, um sie an entsprechende Anwendungsfälle der Erfindung anzupassen. Es zeigt in schematischer Darstellung The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the description of the figures. The description of the figures, the claims and the drawings contain features which a person skilled in the art would possibly also consider in a different combination in order to adapt them to corresponding applications of the invention. It shows in a schematic representation
Fig. 1 eine Schnittansicht durch ein Formwerkzeug. Fig. 1 is a sectional view through a mold.
Fig. 1 zeigt ein Formwerkzeug 10, das in Pressen einsetzbar ist zur Warmumformung von Werkzeugen, insbesondere Blechplatinen zu Blechbauteilen 17. Das Formwerkzeug 10 weist eine untere Werkzeughälfte 12u auf, die auf einer Grundplatte 1 1 aufsitzt. Die untere Formwerkzeughälfte 12u wirkt mit einer oberen Formwerkzeughälfte 12o zusammen. Die einander zugewandten Wirkflächen der oberen Formwerkzeughälfte 12o und der unteren Formwerkzeughälfte 12u sind korrespondierend ausgebildet, so dass sie wie Matrize und Stempel eines Pressenwerkzeugs fungieren. Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Beispiel ist die Werkzeughälfte 12o als Stempel und die Werkzeughälfte 12u als Matrize ausgebildet. Ohne den Bereich der Erfindung zu verlassen, können in nicht gezeigten Alternativen Ausführungsformen die obere und die untere Formwerkzeughälfte ihre Anordnung betreffend vertauscht werden, so dass das Oberwerkzeug als Matrize und das Unterwerkzeug als Stempel fungieren. Die obere Werkzeughälfte 12o und die untere Werkzeughälfte 12u sind zueinander relativ beweglich. Die in Fig. 1 dargestellten Formwerkzeughälften 12o, 12u können auseinander- und wieder zusammengefahren werden. Beim Zusammenfahren der Formwerkzeughälften gerät ein Blechstück bzw. eine Blechplatine zwischen die Formwerkzeughälften, und wird von den Wirkflächen umfasst und umgeformt. Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Zustand entspricht einer Endposition der Werkzeughälften 12u, 12o bei einem Umformvorgang in der das Bauteil 17 fertig umgeformt wird. Fig. 1 shows a mold 10, which is used in presses for hot forming of tools, in particular sheet metal blanks to sheet metal components 17. The mold 10 has a lower mold half 12u, which rests on a base plate 1 1. The lower mold half 12u cooperates with an upper mold half 12o. The mutually facing active surfaces of the upper mold half 12 o and the lower mold half 12 u are formed correspondingly, so that they act as a die and die of a press tool. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the tool half 12o is designed as a punch and the tool half 12u as a die. Without departing from the scope of the invention, in alternative embodiments, not shown, the upper and lower mold halves can be reversed in their arrangement, such that the upper tool acts as a die and the lower tool acts as a punch. The upper mold half 12o and the lower mold half 12u are relatively movable relative to each other. The mold halves 12o, 12u shown in FIG. 1 can be moved apart and back together. When the mold halves move together, a piece of sheet metal or a sheet metal blank is inserted between the mold halves, and is encompassed and shaped by the active surfaces. The state shown in Fig. 1 corresponds to an end position of the tool halves 12u, 12o in a forming process in which the component 17 is finished reshaped.
In der oberen Werkzeug hälfte 12o ist ein Einsatz 16 abgebildet, der entlang des Doppelpfeils B relativ zu der Werkzeughälfte 12o beweglich ist. Der Einsatz 16 ist somit linear verschiebbar in Richtung zu dem Bauteil 17 hin und von dem Bauteil 17 weg. In Figur 1 führt der Einsatz 16 eine Linearbewegung im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Bauteiloberfläche durch. Alternativ dazu kann jedoch auch eine Bewegung schräg zur Bauteiloberfläche durchgeführt werden. In dem in Figur 1 dargestellten geschlossenen Zustand des Werkzeugs 10, bildet der Einsatz 16 eine Ausnehmung 15 aus. Die Ausnehmung 15 fungiert als Kammer, die mit Luft befüllt ist. Diese Kammer 15 wird berandet von einer Oberfläche des Einsatzes 16, die dem Bauteil 17 zugewandt ist, einer inneren Oberfläche des Durchbruchs durch die obere Werkzeug hälfte 12o in dem der Einsatz 16 eingebracht ist und einem Abschnitt der Oberfläche des Bauteils 17. Die Luft in dieser Kammer 16 isoliert das aus dem Ofen kommende warme Blechteil 17 gegenüber der oberen Werkzeug hälfte 12o und dem darin befindlichen Einsatz 16. Somit ist der Wärmeübergang von dem Bauteil 17 auf das Formwerkzeug an dieser Stelle langsamer als in den übrigen Bauteilbereichen, in denen das Bauteil 17 direkt mit dem Werkzeug 10 in berührendem Kontakt steht. Das Bauteil 17 kühlt im Bereich der LuftkammerIn the upper tool half 12o an insert 16 is shown, which is movable along the double arrow B relative to the tool half 12o. The insert 16 is thus linearly displaceable in the direction of the component 17 and away from the component 17. In Figure 1, the insert 16 performs a linear motion substantially perpendicular to the component surface. Alternatively, however, a movement obliquely to Component surface to be performed. In the closed state of the tool 10 shown in FIG. 1, the insert 16 forms a recess 15. The recess 15 acts as a chamber which is filled with air. This chamber 15 is bounded by a surface of the insert 16, which faces the component 17, an inner surface of the opening through the upper tool half 12o in which the insert 16 is introduced and a portion of the surface of the component 17. The air in this Chamber 16 isolated from the oven coming hot sheet metal part 17 relative to the upper tool half 12 o and the insert therein 16. Thus, the heat transfer from the component 17 to the mold at this point slower than in the other component areas in which the component 17th directly in contact with the tool 10 in touching contact. The component 17 cools in the area of the air chamber
15 langsamer ab, so dass sich in diesem Bereich ein Gefüge mit niedrigen mechanischen Kennwerten, insbesondere mit niedrigen Festigkeitswerten einstellt. Der Luftspalt 15 deckt damit exakt den Bereich ab, der im späteren Bauteil bzw. Fahrzeug durch niedrige Festigkeit und somit hohe Duktilität gekennzeichnet ist. Die Eigenschaften des Bauteils können damit so eingestellt werden, dass sich im Falle eines Fahrzeugcrashs eine gezielte Verformung des duktilen Bereichs ergibt. 15 slower, so that sets in this area a microstructure with low mechanical characteristics, in particular with low strength values. The air gap 15 thus covers exactly the area which is characterized in the later component or vehicle by low strength and thus high ductility. The properties of the component can thus be adjusted so that in the event of a vehicle crash results in a targeted deformation of the ductile region.
Die Größe der Luftkammer 15 kann durch Verschiebung des Einsatzes 16 verändert werden. Je nach gewählter Position des Einsatzes 16 d.h. je nach Größe der Luftkammer 16, lassen sich entsprechend andere gewünschte Festigkeitswerte in dem Bereich des Bauteils einstellen. Die Luftkammer 16 kann dabei insbesondere mit geringem Volumen auch als Spalt ausgebildet sein. The size of the air chamber 15 can be changed by shifting the insert 16. Depending on the selected position of the insert 16 i. Depending on the size of the air chamber 16, other desired strength values in the area of the component can be adjusted accordingly. The air chamber 16 may be formed in particular with a small volume as a gap.
Alternativ zum Medium Luft, können auch andere Gase zur Füllung der Kammer 16 verwendet werden. As an alternative to the medium air, other gases can be used to fill the chamber 16.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung können optional in dem EinsatzAccording to one embodiment of the invention, optionally in the insert
16 Kanäle 18 angeordnet sein, die zur Temperierung des Einsatzes dienen. Hierzu wird der Einsatz 16 mit einem temperierten Medium durchspült und auf eine vorbestimmte Temperatur eingestellt. Das Medium wird dabei in einer Heiz- und/oder Kühleinrichtung vortemperiert und durch die Kanäle 16 des Einsatzes 18 geleitet. Damit kann über die Temperatur des Mediums die Temperatur des Einsatzes 16 und damit der Luft in der Kammer 15 gesteuert oder geregelt werden. Als Medium eignen sich insbesondere Gase, beispielsweise Inertgase oder Flüssigkeiten beispielsweise Öl oder Wasser Das Vorsehen von Kanälen 18 ist jedoch nur optional. In anderen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung kann der Einsatz 16 auch ohne die mediumführenden Kanäle 18 ausgebildet sein. 16 channels 18 may be arranged, which serve to control the temperature of the insert. For this purpose, the insert 16 is flushed with a tempered medium and adjusted to a predetermined temperature. The medium is pre-tempered in a heating and / or cooling device and passed through the channels 16 of the insert 18. Thus, the temperature of the insert 16 and thus the air in the chamber 15 can be controlled or regulated via the temperature of the medium. Gases, for example inert gases or liquids, for example oil or water, are particularly suitable as the medium. However, the provision of channels 18 is only optional. In other embodiments of the invention, the insert 16 may be formed without the medium-carrying channels 18.
In der unteren Formwerkzeughälfte 12u ist ein Formeinsatz 13 vorgesehen, in dem ein Kühlsystem, das mehrere Kühlleitungen 14 aufweist, integriert ist. Die Verwendung derartiger Kühleinsätze 13 bietet zum einen den Vorteil, dass verschiedene Bauteilkonturen geprägt werden können mit einem unteren Formwerkzeug 12u, indem der Formeinsatz 13 entsprechend der gewünschten Bauteilform ausgewechselt werden kann. Die Kühlleitungen 14 sind fluidisch mit einem Verteiler- oder Anschlusssystem verbunden. Das Kühlmittel wird somit über das Anschlusssystem eingebracht, und auf die Kühlleitungen 14 verteilt. In the lower mold half 12u, a mold insert 13 is provided, in which a cooling system having a plurality of cooling pipes 14 is integrated. The use of such cooling inserts 13 offers, on the one hand, the advantage that different component contours can be embossed with a lower forming tool 12u in that the mold insert 13 can be replaced in accordance with the desired component shape. The cooling lines 14 are fluidly connected to a distribution or connection system. The coolant is thus introduced via the connection system, and distributed to the cooling lines 14.
Die in Fig. 1 dargestellten Kühlleitungen 14 verlaufen im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Oberfläche des Bauteils 17 und damit auch im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Wirkfläche der Formwerkzeughälften 12u, 12o. Die Kühlleitungen 14 folgen damit der Bauteilkontur in einem gewissen Abstand in den Formeinsatz 13 der unteren Formwerkzeughälfte 12u. The cooling lines 14 shown in FIG. 1 extend substantially parallel to the surface of the component 17 and thus also substantially parallel to the active surface of the mold halves 12 u, 12 o. The cooling lines 14 thus follow the component contour at a certain distance in the mold insert 13 of the lower mold half 12u.
Als Kühlmittel für die Kühlleitungen 14 eignen sich gasförmige Kühlmedien, flüssige Kühlmedien oder eine Kombination daraus. Suitable coolants for the cooling lines 14 are gaseous cooling media, liquid cooling media or a combination thereof.
In Fig. 1 ist nur ein einziger Einsatz 16 abgebildet, der im oberen Werkzeugteil 12o angeordnet ist. Bei einer weiteren, nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann der Einsatz im unteren Werkzeugteil 12u angeordnet sein. Alternativ können ein oder mehrere Einsätze 13 sowohl in der oberen wie auch in der unteren Werkzeughälfte 12o, 12u positioniert sein. Darüber hinaus ist lediglich die untere Werkzeughälfte 12u mit Kühlleitungen 14 versehen. In weiteren Ausführungsformen der Erfindung, kann alternativ dazu die Anordnung des Kühlsystems, d.h. das Anschlusssystem und die Kühlleitungen 14 auch in der oberen Werkzeughälfte 12o angeordnet sein. In einer weiteren alternativen Ausführungsform können sowohl in der oberen Werkzeug hälfte 12o als auch in der unteren Werkzeughälfte 12u Kühlleitungen 14 vorgesehen sein. Darüber hinaus kann ein Formeinsatz 13 alternativ in der oberen Werkzeughälfte 12o oder in beiden Werkzeughälften angeordnet sein. In Fig. 1, only a single insert 16 is shown, which is arranged in the upper tool part 12o. In a further, not shown embodiment of the invention, the use in the lower tool part 12u be arranged. Alternatively, one or more inserts 13 may be positioned in both the upper and lower mold halves 12o, 12u. In addition, only the lower mold half 12u is provided with cooling pipes 14. In other embodiments of the invention, alternatively, the arrangement of the cooling system, ie the connection system and the cooling lines 14 may also be arranged in the upper mold half 12o. In a further alternative embodiment can be provided 12u as well as in the lower mold half 12u cooling lines 14 both in the upper tool half. In addition, a mold insert 13 may alternatively be arranged in the upper mold half 12o or in both mold halves.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
10 Formwerkzeug10 mold
11 Werkzeug Grundplatte 12u Werkzeugunterteil 12o Werkzeugoberteil11 Tool base plate 12u Tool base 12o Tool top
13 Werkzeugeinsatz13 tool insert
14 Kühlleitungen 14 cooling pipes
15 Ausnehmung  15 recess
16 Einsatz  16 use
17 Bauteil  17 component
18 Kanäle  18 channels

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Formwerkzeug (10) zur Herstellung von warmumgeformten Bauteilen (17), insbesondere Blechformteilen, mit einem Werkzeugunterteil (12u) und einem Werkzeug Oberteil (12o), die zueinander relativ beweglich sind und die mit korrespondierenden Wirkflächen zur Formgebung des Bauteils (17) ausgebildet sind, wobei mindestens die Wirkfläche eines Werkzeugteils (12u, 12o) zumindest abschnittsweise kühlbar ausgebildet ist und in dem Werkzeugteil (12u, 12o) 1. mold (10) for the production of hot-formed components (17), in particular sheet metal parts, with a tool lower part (12u) and a tool upper part (12o), which are relatively movable to each other and formed with corresponding active surfaces for shaping the component (17) wherein at least the active surface of a tool part (12u, 12o) is at least partially coolable and in the tool part (12u, 12o)
Kühlleitungen (14) vorgesehen sind,  Cooling lines (14) are provided,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
in mindestens einem der beiden Werkzeugteile (12u, 12o) mindestens eine Ausnehmung ( 5) vorgesehen ist, die in einem geschlossenen Zustand des Werkzeugs (10) mit dem Bauteil (17) eine Luftkammer bildet, die als thermischer Isolator zwischen dem Bauteil (17) und dem Werkzeugteil (12o) fungiert.  in at least one of the two tool parts (12u, 12o) at least one recess (5) is provided which forms in a closed state of the tool (10) with the component (17) an air chamber, which acts as a thermal insulator between the component (17) and the tool part (12o).
2. Formwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 2. Mold according to claim 1, characterized in that
die Ausnehmung (15) volumenvariabel ausgebildet ist.  the recess (15) is designed variable in volume.
3. Formwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 3. Forming tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that
in dem Werkzeugteil (12u, 12o) in dem die Ausnehmung (15) ausgebildet ist ein Einsatz (16) angeordnet ist, der eine  in the tool part (12u, 12o) in which the recess (15) is formed, an insert (16) is arranged, which is a
werkzeugseitige Rückwand der Luftkammer ausbildet.  Tool-side rear wall of the air chamber forms.
4. Formwerkzeug nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 4. Mold tool according to claim 3, characterized in that
der Einsatz (16) beweglich, insbesondere linear verschiebbar, in dem Werkzeugteil angeordnet ist.  the insert (16) movable, in particular linearly displaceable, is arranged in the tool part.
5. Formwerkzeug nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 5. Forming tool according to claim 4, characterized in that
der Einsatz (16) in einem geschlossenen Zustand des Werkzeugs (10) in einer zurückgezogenen Position ist, zur Erzeugung der the insert (16) in a closed state of the tool (10) is in a retracted position to generate the
Ausnehmung (15).  Recess (15).
6. Formwerkzeug nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem geöffneten Zustand des Werkzeugs (10) der Einsatz in einer vorgeschobenen Position ist, in der das Volumen der 6. A mold according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that in an open state of the tool (10) the insert is in an advanced position in which the volume of the
Ausnehmung (15) gegenüber dem Volumen der Ausnehmung (15) in der zurückgezogenen Position des Einsatz (16) verkleinert ist.  Recess (15) relative to the volume of the recess (15) in the retracted position of the insert (16) is reduced.
7. Formwerkzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Einsatz (16) Kanäle (18) vorgesehen sind. 7. Mold tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the insert (16) channels (18) are provided.
8. Formwerkzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 8. Mold tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
die Blechformteile aus Eisenmetall insbesondere aus Stahl und/oder aus Nichteisenmetall insbesondere aus Aluminium und/oder  the sheet metal parts made of iron metal in particular of steel and / or non-ferrous metal, in particular aluminum and / or
Magnesium ausgebildet sind.  Magnesium are formed.
9. Formwerkzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 9. Mold tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
der Einsatz (16) aus Metall, Nicht-Metall insbesondere aus Beton, aus Holz oder aus einer Kombination dieser Materialien ausgebildet ist.  the insert (16) is made of metal, non-metal, in particular of concrete, of wood or of a combination of these materials.
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