EP3208539B1 - Glühkerze - Google Patents

Glühkerze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3208539B1
EP3208539B1 EP17153358.1A EP17153358A EP3208539B1 EP 3208539 B1 EP3208539 B1 EP 3208539B1 EP 17153358 A EP17153358 A EP 17153358A EP 3208539 B1 EP3208539 B1 EP 3208539B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
heating element
particle
range
particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP17153358.1A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3208539A1 (de
Inventor
Yumi SUGIYAMA
Hirofumi Okada
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Niterra Co Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd filed Critical NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
Publication of EP3208539A1 publication Critical patent/EP3208539A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3208539B1 publication Critical patent/EP3208539B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a glow plug, and particularly relates to a glow plug capable of facilitating transfer of heat from a heating element to a tube.
  • a glow plug is used as an auxiliary heat source of an internal combustion engine such as a compression ignition-type diesel engine.
  • the glow plug includes a metal center rod, a heating element electrically connected to the front end of the center rod, a metal tube having a closed front end and housing the heating element and the front side of the center rod, and insulating powder filled in the tube.
  • a glow plug according to a second aspect is the glow plug according to the first aspect, wherein the particle group has a cumulative frequency of 4 to 26% in a range of particle sizes of 34 ⁇ m or greater in the particle size distribution.
  • a glow plug according to a third aspect is the glow plug according to the first or second aspect, wherein the particle group has a cumulative frequency of 0.1 to 5% in a range of particle sizes of 1.0 ⁇ m or less in the particle size distribution.
  • the glow plug according to the first to third aspect can secure the filling of the particle group, and therefore heat from the heating element is readily transferred to the tube.
  • FIG. 1 is a half-side cross-sectional view of the glow plug 10.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the glow plug 10.
  • the lower side of the plane of paper is referred to as the front side of the glow plug 10
  • the upper side of the plane of paper is referred to as the rear side of the glow plug 10.
  • the glow plug 10 includes a center rod 20, a metal shell 30, a tube 40, and a heating element 50. These members are assembled along a center axis O of the glow plug 10.
  • the glow plug 10 is an auxiliary heat source used at the time of starting an internal combustion engine (not shown), including, for example, a diesel engine.
  • the center rod 20 is a metal conductor having a columnar shape, and serves as a member for supplying electric power to the heating element 50.
  • the heating element 50 is electrically connected to the front end of the center rod 20.
  • the center rod 20 is inserted in the metal shell 30, with the rear end thereof protruding from the metal shell 30.
  • a connecting portion 21 composed of an external thread is formed at the rear end of the center rod 20.
  • An O-ring 22 made of insulating rubber, an insulator 23 which is a tubular member made of a synthetic resin, a ring 24 which is a tubular member made of metal, and a nut 25 made of metal are assembled at the rear end of the center rod 20 in this order from the front side.
  • the connecting portion 21 is a portion to which a connector (not shown) of a cable that supplies electric power from a power source such as a battery is connected.
  • the nut 25 is a member for fixing the connected connector (not shown).
  • the metal shell 30 is a substantially cylindrical member formed of carbon steel or the like.
  • the metal shell 30 includes an axial hole 31 extending therethrough along the center axis O, a thread portion 32, a tool engagement portion 33 formed on the rear side relative to the thread portion 32.
  • the axial hole 31 is a through hole in which the center rod 20 is inserted.
  • the inner diameter of the axial hole 31 is larger than the outer diameter of the center rod 20, so that a gap is formed between the center rod 20 and the axial hole 31.
  • the thread portion 32 is an external thread fitted to an internal combustion engine (not shown).
  • the tool engagement portion 33 is a portion having a shape (e.g., a hexagonal shape) engageable with a tool (not shown) used to fit or remove the thread portion 32 to or from a threaded hole (not shown) of the internal combustion engine.
  • the tube 40 is a tubular body made of metal having a closed front end 41.
  • the tube 40 is fixed to the metal shell 30 by being press-fitted into the axial hole 31.
  • Examples of the material of the tube 40 include heat resistant alloys such as a nickel-based alloy and stainless steel.
  • the front side of the center rod 20 is inserted in the tube 40.
  • the inner diameter of the tube 40 is larger than the outer diameter of the center rod 20, so that a gap is formed between the center rod 20 and the tube 40.
  • the sealing member 42 is a cylindrical insulating member sandwiched between the front side of the center rod 20 and the rear end of the tube 40. The sealing member 42 maintains an interval between the center rod 20 and the tube 40, and seals the space between the center rod 20 and the tube 40.
  • the heating element 50 (heating coil) is housed in the tube 40 along the center axis O, and the front end thereof is joined by welding to the front end 41 of the tube 40.
  • the heating element 50 is a spiral coil that generates heat by energization.
  • Examples of the material of the heating element 50 include metals such as Fe, Ni, Mo, W and Co, and alloys containing any of these elements as a main component.
  • the rear end of the heating element 50 is joined to the control coil 51 by welding.
  • a melt portion 52 that has been solidified after being melted by welding is formed between the heating element 50 and the control coil 51.
  • the control coil 51 is a member that is connected in series with the heating element 50 via the melt portion 52.
  • the control coil 51 controls the electric power supplied to the heating element 50 so as to prevent excessive temperature rise of the heating element 50.
  • the control coil 51 is formed from a conductive material having a temperature coefficient of resistivity larger than the temperature coefficient of resistivity of the material forming the heating element 50. Examples of the material of the control coil 51 include pure Ni, a Ni alloy, and a Co alloy.
  • the control coil 51 is housed in the tube 40 along the center axis O, and the rear end thereof is joined to the front end of the center rod 20 by welding.
  • the center rod 20 is electrically connected to the tube 40 via the control coil 51 and the heating element 50.
  • the insulating powder 60 is a powder having electrical insulation and having thermal conductivity under a high temperature, and is filled between the heating element 50 and the tube 40, between the control coil 51 and the tube 40, between the center rod 20 and the tube 40, and inside the control coil 51 and the heating element 50.
  • the insulating powder 60 causes heat to transfer from the heating element 50 to the tube 40, prevents short circuit between the heating element 50 or the control coil 51 and the tube 40, and prevents disconnection of the heating element 50 and the control coil 51 by making the heating element 50 and the control coil 51 less liable to vibrate.
  • the insulating powder 60 examples include oxide powder such as MgO powder and Al 2 O 3 powder.
  • the insulating powder 60 contains at least one of these oxide powders. More preferably, the insulating powder 60 contains MgO powder from among these oxide powders since the desired thermal conductivity can be maintained.
  • the insulating powder 60 contains MgO powder, preferably by 85 mass% or greater and 100 mass% or less of, more preferably by 99 mass% or greater and less than 100 mass%, relative to the total mass of the insulating powder 60, and may contain Al 2 O 3 powder or other substances as the remainder. Examples of the other substances include powders of CaO, ZrO 2 , and SiO 2 .
  • the components contained in the insulating powder 60 (first particle group 61) and the content thereof can be determined in the following manner.
  • the first particle group 61 is subjected to qualitative analysis by a powder X-ray diffraction method or the like, to grasp the components contained in the first particle group 61.
  • the elements contained in the first particle group 61 are subjected to quantitative analysis by ICP emission spectrometry.
  • the contents of the elements determined by the quantitative analysis are calculated as oxides so as to be determined as the contents of oxides.
  • the main component of the first particle group 61 has been identified as MgO by the qualitative analysis, the components other than MgO are analyzed by ICP emission spectrometry, and the MgO content can be determined as the remainder.
  • the calorific value on the front side of the tube 40 can be increased, it is possible to achieve increase in heating temperature while ensuring the rapid temperature rising property.
  • the surface temperature of the tube 40 can be rapidly raised to a high temperature without applying a large current through the heating element 50. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for an internal combustion engine for which enhanced startability is desired.
  • the first particle group 61 has a cumulative frequency 74 of 4 to 26% in a range of particle sizes of 34 ⁇ m or greater.
  • the percentage of large sized particles By setting the percentage of large sized particles to such a predetermined amount, it is possible to prevent an excessive increase or decrease in the number of the particles present between the heating element 50 and the tube 40.
  • the number of heat barriers can be decreased by decreasing the number of the particles present between the heating element 50 and the tube 40, making it possible to prevent heat from becoming difficult to be transferred from the heating element 50 to the tube 40.
  • the porosity (gap ratio) of the first particle group 61 can be decreased, so that it is possible to prevent disconnection of the heating element 50.
  • the D50 (50% particle size or median size) of the first particle group 61 is preferably 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the first particle group 61 preferably has the only frequencies of 2.5% or greater in a range of particle sizes of 8 ⁇ m to a maximum value. The reason is that this facilitates transfer of heat from the heating element 50 to the tube 40.
  • the particle size distribution of the first particle group 61 can be measured by a laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement device (HORIBA LA-750) in the following manner.
  • the insulating powder 60 (first particle group 61) is taken out from the glow plug 10, and a measurement sample is prepared.
  • the tube 40 is cut on a plane that is orthogonal to the center axis O and includes the vicinity of the melt portion 52.
  • the heating element 50 located inside the tube 40 on the front end 41 side is pulled out from the tube 40, and impact is applied to the heating element 50 so as to take out the particles (first particle group 61) packed inside the heating element 50 (heating coil).
  • impact is applied to the tube 40 so as to take out the particles (first particle group 61) inside the tube 40.
  • a sealing member 42 is inserted between the opening portion of the tube 40 at the rear end and the center rod 20 so as to seal the tube 40.
  • swaging is performed on the tube 40 until the tube 40 has a predetermined outer diameter.
  • the insulating powder 60 filled in the tube 40 is crushed as a result of swaging, and undergoes change in particle size. Accordingly, with a decrease in the outer diameter of the tube 40 at the time of performing swaging taken into consideration, for example, the insulating powder 60 is filled into the tube 40 such that the first particle group 61 disposed around the heating element 50 has a predetermined particle size distribution after swaging (after crushing of particles by swaging).
  • Glow plugs having the same configuration as that of the glow plug 10 shown in FIG. 1 were produced in the above-described manner, to obtain glow plugs according to Experimental Examples 1 to 16.
  • the glow plugs according to Experimental Examples 1 to 16 each include MgO powder as the insulating powder 60.
  • the particle size of the first particles 61 (after being filled) of each of the experimental examples was prepared by adjusting the particle size distribution of the insulating powder 60 (before being filled) to be filled into the tube 40, and adjusting the decrease in the outer diameter of the tube 40 before and after swaging in the production process of the glow plug 10.
  • the dispersion of the sample was performed by stirring the sample for three minutes with an external homogenizer, followed by stirring for two minutes with an ultrasonic probe included in the laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement device.
  • the measurement of the particle size distribution of the sample was carried out three times, and the average of the obtained three measurements was determined.
  • the components contained in the first particle group 61 and the contents thereof of each of the glow plugs according to Experimental Examples 1 to 16 were measured in the above-described manner by a powder X-ray diffraction method and ICP emission spectrometry.
  • Each of the samples contained 99.4 mass% of MgO as a main component, and contained a total of 0.6 mass% of CaO, ZrO 2 , and SiO 2 .
  • the heat transfer (ease of transfer of heat) of the first particle group 61 was evaluated on the basis of the difference (T1-T2) between a temperature (hereinafter referred to as "T1") of the heating element 50 and a surface temperature (hereinafter referred to as "T2") of the tube 40. Specifically, a voltage was applied between the center rod 20 and the metal shell 30 such that T2 reached 1000°C two seconds after energization.
  • the temperature (T1) of the heating element 50 was measured with a thermocouple disposed at a position corresponding to the heating element 50.
  • the thermocouple was disposed inside the heating element 50 at the time of producing each of the glow plugs according to the experimental examples (before inserting the heating element 50 into the tube 40).
  • the position at which the thermocouple was disposed was a position of the heating element 50 that is located on the center axis O and 2.0 mm away from the front end 41 in the direction of the center axis O.
  • the surface temperature (T2) of the tube 40 was measured with a thermocouple attached to the tube 40.
  • the thermocouple was attached to the tube 40 after production of each of the glow plugs according to the experimental examples.
  • the position at which the thermocouple was attached was a position located 2.0 mm away from the front end 41 of the tube 40 in the direction of the center axis O.
  • the results of energization tests were "excellent” or “good” (the temperature difference (T1-T2) was 120°C or lower) for Experimental Examples 1 to 8, in which the maximum value of frequency of 6% or greater is in the range of particle sizes of 12 ⁇ m or greater, and the first particle group 61 has only frequencies of 2.5 to 6% in the range of particle sizes of 4 to 8 ⁇ m, in the particle size distribution of the first particle group 61.
  • the first particle group 61 when the maximum value of frequency of 6% or greater is in the range of particle sizes of 12 ⁇ m or greater and the particle group has only frequencies of 2.5 to 6% in the range of particle sizes of 4 to 8 ⁇ m, in the volume-based particle size distribution of the first particle group 61, the first particle group 61 has a favorable heat transfer, thus making it possible to rapidly raise the surface temperature of the tube 40 to a high temperature, without applying a large current through the heating element 50.
  • the first particle group 61 has a more favorable heat transfer, thus making it possible to rapidly raise the surface temperature of the tube 40 to a higher temperature, without applying a large current through the heating element 50.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Glühkerze (10), das Folgende umfassend:
    eine Metallmittelstange (20);
    ein Heizelement (50), das mit dem vorderen Ende der Mittelstange (20) elektrisch verbunden ist;
    ein Metallrohr (40), mit dem das Heizelement (50) elektrisch verbunden ist, wobei das Metallrohr (40) ein geschlossenes vorderes Ende (41) hat und das Heizelement (50) und eine Vorderseite der Mittelstange (20) beherbergt;
    ein Dichtungselement (42), das zwischen dem Rohr (40) und der Mittelstange (20) eingefügt ist; und
    isolierendes Pulver (60), das in das Rohr (40) gefüllt ist, wobei ein Raum zwischen dem Rohr (40) und der Mittelstange (20) durch das Dichtungselement (42) abgedichtet ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    in einer volumenbasierten Partikelgrößenverteilung, die durch ein Laserbeugungsverfahren gemessen wird,
    eine Partikelgruppe (61) in dem isolierenden Pulver (60), die auf einer Position entsprechend dem Heizelement (50) angeordnet ist, mindestens einen Maximalwert einer Frequenz von 6 % oder größer in einem Partikelgrößenbereich von 12 µm oder größer hat, und
    die Partikelgruppe (61) nur Frequenzen von 2,5 bis 6 % in einem Partikelgrößenbereich von 4 bis 8 µm hat.
  2. Glühkerze (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei
    die Partikelgruppe (61) eine kumulative Frequenz von 4 bis 26 % in einem Partikelgrößenbereich von 34 µm oder größer in der Partikelgrößenverteilung hat.
  3. Glühkerze (10) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei
    die Partikelgruppe (61) eine kumulative Frequenz von 0,1 bis 5 % in einem Partikelgrößenbereich von 1,0 µm oder weniger in der Partikelgrößenverteilung hat.
EP17153358.1A 2016-02-16 2017-01-26 Glühkerze Not-in-force EP3208539B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2016027107A JP6592372B2 (ja) 2016-02-16 2016-02-16 グロープラグ

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3208539A1 EP3208539A1 (de) 2017-08-23
EP3208539B1 true EP3208539B1 (de) 2018-05-16

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ID=57914810

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EP17153358.1A Not-in-force EP3208539B1 (de) 2016-02-16 2017-01-26 Glühkerze

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EP (1) EP3208539B1 (de)
JP (1) JP6592372B2 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019045109A (ja) * 2017-09-06 2019-03-22 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ

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JPS5932876B2 (ja) * 1978-08-24 1984-08-11 株式会社日立ホームテック シ−ズヒ−タ
JPS57189488A (en) * 1981-05-19 1982-11-20 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Method of producing sheathed heater
JPS59215690A (ja) * 1983-05-20 1984-12-05 タテホ化学工業株式会社 高温用シ−ズヒ−タの電気絶縁充填材料
JPS6321706A (ja) 1986-07-15 1988-01-29 新日本化学工業株式会社 高密度電気絶縁材料およびその製造方法
GB2220446B (en) * 1988-04-06 1992-05-27 Champion Spark Plug Europ Glow plug for internal combustion engine
JPH03210705A (ja) * 1989-10-04 1991-09-13 Shin Nippon Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd 高温用電気絶縁充填材及びその製造方法とそれを充填したシースヒーター
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JPH07206432A (ja) * 1993-11-25 1995-08-08 Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd α−アルミナ粉末及びその製造方法
BR9700464A (pt) * 1996-03-29 1998-11-03 Ngk Spark Plug Co Aquecedor cerâmico
JP2004340562A (ja) * 2003-04-23 2004-12-02 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd グロープラグ
JP5172018B2 (ja) * 2009-09-25 2013-03-27 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ及びスパークプラグの製造方法
US20130189514A1 (en) * 2010-10-06 2013-07-25 Tomoo Nishiyama Multilayer resin sheet and process for production thereof, resin sheet laminate and process for production thereof, cured multilayer resin sheet, metal-foil-cladded multilayer resin sheet, and semiconductor device
JP6300020B2 (ja) * 2014-06-16 2018-03-28 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 プリント配線板用樹脂組成物、プリント配線板用プリプレグ、積層板、金属張積層板、プリント配線板、及び酸化マグネシウム
JP6525616B2 (ja) * 2015-02-03 2019-06-05 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3208539A1 (de) 2017-08-23
JP2017145990A (ja) 2017-08-24
JP6592372B2 (ja) 2019-10-16

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