EP3194637B1 - Method for coating an object - Google Patents

Method for coating an object Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3194637B1
EP3194637B1 EP15775639.6A EP15775639A EP3194637B1 EP 3194637 B1 EP3194637 B1 EP 3194637B1 EP 15775639 A EP15775639 A EP 15775639A EP 3194637 B1 EP3194637 B1 EP 3194637B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
mixture
binding agent
hard particles
binder
hard
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EP15775639.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3194637A2 (en
Inventor
Tobias Schniedermann
Lukas Ruff
Jürgen PETERSEIM
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Fachhochschule Muenster
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Fachhochschule Muenster
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for coating an object.
  • the WO 2006/119962 A2 describes a method for coating metallic objects with a metallic smelting alloy.
  • the melting alloy is designed as NiCrBSi powder and mixed with a binder. This mixture is mixed with a liquid to form a melt slip. The meltdown slip is then applied to the object; then melting takes place at a temperature above the melting temperature of the melting alloy.
  • An enamel powder or an inorganic adhesive is used as a binder.
  • This known method is characterized in that a wear protection layer can be applied in a highly flexible manner even on complexly shaped, even undercut, surfaces.
  • Water can be used as the solvent, which is advantageous from an ecological point of view.
  • the binder is comparatively expensive to buy and not completely harmless from an ecological point of view.
  • the use of water should be possible as a solvent.
  • a method for coating an object in particular the metallic surface of this object.
  • a wear protection layer can be produced on the object in this way.
  • the process comprises the following process steps: Providing hard particles, a binder and water as a solvent, which in particular to a binder, a hard particle-binder mixture or Powder mixture is processed.
  • the hard particles, the binder and the solvent are applied to the surface of the object to be coated.
  • the article coated in this way is then subjected to a temperature of at least 900 ° C., preferably at least 1000 ° C., as a result of which the binder is removed from the mixture and the hard particles are firmly connected to the surface.
  • Cellulose ether derivatives, gelatin or starch are used as binders.
  • binder mixture is understood below to mean a mixture of binder and solvent without hard particles.
  • hard particle-binder mixture is understood to mean a mixture of hard particles, binder and water.
  • powder mixture is understood to mean a mixture of hard particles and binder.
  • mixture is understood to mean the binder mixture, the hard particle-binder mixture and the powder mixture.
  • the binder adheres to the surface to be coated; on the other hand, the binder can also bind the hard particles.
  • the hard particles can thus first be bound on the surface; the final fixation of the hard particles is then carried out by melting. This means that a very even layer can be created during application and also during melting.
  • the binder and the water are processed to form a binder mixture. This binder mixture is then applied to the surface to be coated, the hard particles then being applied to the binder mixture.
  • the binder mixture represents a kind of adhesion promoter on the surface to be coated.
  • the hard particles are then applied to this adhesion promoter.
  • the binder mixture will spray applied.
  • the hard particles can be applied by spraying, pouring, inflating or by soaking the object provided with the binder mixture in a bed of the particles. Layer thicknesses of less than 0.2 mm, in particular less than 0.1 mm, can be achieved.
  • the hard particles, the binder and the water are first processed to form a hard particle-binder mixture.
  • This hard particle / binder mixture is then applied to the surface to be coated. This can be done in particular by spraying.
  • the adhesion promoter that is to say the dissolved binder, is already mixed with the hard particles in the hard particle-binder mixture.
  • This hard particle-binder mixture is applied to the surface of the object in one step. This method is also suitable for the production of very thin layers in the order of magnitude mentioned above.
  • a third embodiment is a variant of the first embodiment.
  • a powder mixture is applied to the object that is already wetted with the solvent. This can be done using a powder spraying device. This can be done by electrostatic powder coating.
  • the aforementioned steps are preferably carried out several times in succession.
  • the variants of the first embodiment, the second and / or the third embodiment can also be used in combination in succession.
  • different hard particles or different binders can be used in each case in a plurality of passes, as a result of which a multilayer structure is achieved.
  • the technical steps of the individual steps can be standardized. Due to the multiple design, variable layer thicknesses can be generated despite standard steps.
  • the binder mixture has a low viscosity of at most 10 6 mPa s (cP).
  • a low viscosity is particularly suitable for spraying or spraying the mixture onto the object, since the spraying tools are preferably suitable for low-viscosity liquids. Due to the solubility of the binder used in water, the spraying tools used can also be cleaned very well. Adhesion by the binder can thus be almost completely ruled out.
  • the mixture in particular the hard particle / binder mixture, can also be mixed as a viscous mass will.
  • the mixture then has a viscosity of at least 10 6 mPa s (cP).
  • the result is a kind of modeling clay that can be used for modeling as desired.
  • Freehand shapes can also be generated using the mixture, in particular the hard particle-binder mixture; this hard particle-binder mixture can also be introduced into a mold and harden therein.
  • Such a viscous hard particle-binder mixture not according to the invention can also be applied to a carrier film and applied to the object together with the carrier film.
  • the mixture is then present on the carrier film like a slice of processed cheese and can be applied to the object as desired.
  • the carrier film is then removed or burns during the melting process.
  • a film can be applied to the mixture on one or both sides.
  • the hard particle-binder mixture present as a type of modeling clay can be brought beforehand into a defined layer thickness in order to be able to produce desired layer thicknesses.
  • the modeling clay can be applied to a special carrier film and a defined thickness can be rolled.
  • the plasticine can be covered with another special film, which creates a sandwich of film, plasticine and film.
  • the surface to be coated can then be moistened with a cellulose ether or another binder mixture.
  • the cover film is first removed, the modeling clay is applied to the object and then the further carrier film is removed. Then the melting takes place.
  • the mixture After application, but before heating, the mixture can dry on the object at room temperature and thus form a firm, dry layer which is already firmly adhering to the component, but which does not yet have the desired stability. In this state, however, this prefabricated layer is well suited for geometric fine machining, in which the shape of the layer can be adapted.
  • the final fixing takes place only after the object has been heated to the temperature in the melting range of the hard particles.
  • the coating produced in this way is now inextricably linked to the object and, due to its tribological behavior, can limit or completely prevent component wear.
  • the hard particles can additionally comprise ceramic and / or metallic particles, in particular carbides, nitrides and oxides, for example silicon nitride, tungsten melting carbide.
  • the Hard particles have a maximum particle size of 200 ⁇ m.
  • the solvent preferably consists exclusively of water.
  • Particles made of a nickel-based alloy, a cobalt-based alloy or an iron-based alloy and / or particles with a hardness of at least 45 HRC are preferably used as hard particles.
  • the volume ratio of hard particles to binder is preferably at least 10: 1.
  • the volume fraction of the binder in the mixture of hard particles and binder is preferably at most 7% by volume, preferably at least 2% by volume.
  • a particularly fine-meshed metal mesh can also be attached under, in or on the layer of the mixture.
  • the metal net can serve as a kind of skeleton and can prevent the mixture that has not yet melted from flowing. With inductive heating, the metal mesh is heated more than the base material; This means that components with a lower melting point can also be coated. The metal mesh itself can serve to reinforce the layer.
  • the hard particles or the binders can be sprayed onto the tool simultaneously; however, different spray nozzles can be used, the binder mixture being sprayed from one spray nozzle and the hard particles being sprayed from the other spray nozzle.
  • the respective spray nozzles can thus be optimally designed for the respective material.
  • a material arrangement for application to objects or for forming objects is also disclosed.
  • the material arrangement includes the following components ceramic and / or metallic particles as hard particles, Cellulose ether derivatives, gelatin or starch as binders and Water as a solvent.
  • the components are completely or partially processed to form a hard particle-binder mixture or a binder mixture.
  • the melting temperature of the hard materials is at least 900, preferably at least 1000 ° C.
  • the mixture which comprises both the hard particles as well as the binder and the solvent, has a viscosity of at least 10 6 mPa s (cP) and is therefore comparatively viscous.
  • the hard particle-binder mixture is introduced into a mold. The hard particle-binder mixture is then heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the hard particles.
  • the material is used in a 3D printer.
  • the binder dissolved in the water is applied together or separately with the hard particles in layers to the object to be produced. If the hard particles are applied separately to the binder, this can be done using another spray nozzle.
  • the hard particles can be heated to their melting temperature when the component is completely assembled. Then the component can be heated inductively. However, the heating can take place at regular intervals during the construction of the object, so that the melting takes place in layers.
  • a cellulose ether mixture and hard particles in powder form are applied as a coherent layer to a metallic or ceramic component with the aid of a spray gun.
  • the layer has a layer thickness of 0.05 mm.
  • the object is then exposed to a temperature of> 900 ° C, whereby the hard particles are fused with the object to form a solid, coherent bond.
  • the melting takes place in an oven or by induction. Only the mixture is brought into a molten state, but not the object.
  • a viscous hard particle / binder mixture with a layer thickness of approximately 1 mm is applied to a carrier film.
  • This mixture is provided with a cover film.
  • the layer is rolled on this cover film to a layer thickness of less than 1 mm of the mixture.
  • the cover film is then removed, the layer is applied to an object to be coated with the aid of the carrier film, and the carrier film is then removed.
  • the arrangement of mixture and object is then heated in an oven or by induction to 900 ° C., so that the hard particles are melted down. The water and the binder escape completely from the mixture.
  • a cellulose ether and hard particles are mixed to form a powder mixture.
  • the component is wetted with water.
  • the powder mixture is sprayed onto the moistened surface of the object and remains there.
  • the layer has a layer thickness of approx. 0.05 mm. This step is carried out several times until the desired layer thickness is reached.
  • the object is then exposed to a temperature of> 900 ° C, whereby the hard particles are fused with the object to form a solid, coherent bond.
  • the melting takes place in an oven or by induction.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Gegenstandes.The invention relates to a method for coating an object.

Die WO 2006/119962 A2 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung von metallischen Gegenständen mit einer metallischen Einschmelzlegierung. Die Einschmelzlegierung ist als NiCrBSi-Pulver ausgebildet und mit einem Bindemittel versetzt. Mit einer Flüssigkeit wird diese Mischung zu einem Einschmelzschlicker vermischt. Der Einschmelzschlicker wird dann auf den Gegenstand aufgebracht; anschließend erfolgt das Einschmelzen bei einer Temperatur oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur der Einschmelzlegierung. Als Bindemittel wird ein Emaillepulver oder ein anorganischer Kleber verwendet.The WO 2006/119962 A2 describes a method for coating metallic objects with a metallic smelting alloy. The melting alloy is designed as NiCrBSi powder and mixed with a binder. This mixture is mixed with a liquid to form a melt slip. The meltdown slip is then applied to the object; then melting takes place at a temperature above the melting temperature of the melting alloy. An enamel powder or an inorganic adhesive is used as a binder.

Dieses bekannte Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass eine Verschleißschutzschicht hochflexibel auch auf komplex geformte, auch hinterschnittene, Oberflächen aufgebracht werden kann. Als Lösungsmittel kann Wasser verwendet werden, was aus ökologischen Gesichtspunkten vorteilhaft ist. Das Bindemittel ist allerdings vergleichsweise teuer in der Anschaffung und ökologisch nicht vollständig unbedenklich.This known method is characterized in that a wear protection layer can be applied in a highly flexible manner even on complexly shaped, even undercut, surfaces. Water can be used as the solvent, which is advantageous from an ecological point of view. However, the binder is comparatively expensive to buy and not completely harmless from an ecological point of view.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein alternatives Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Gegenständen bereit zu stellen, das sich insbesondere durch eine verbesserte Umweltverträglichkeit auszeichnet. Als Lösungsmittel soll die Verwendung von Wasser möglich sein.It is the object of the present invention to provide an alternative method for coating objects, which is characterized in particular by improved environmental compatibility. The use of water should be possible as a solvent.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1; bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.The object on which the invention is based is achieved by a method according to claim 1; preferred configurations result from the dependent claims.

Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Gegenstandes, insbesondere der metallischen Oberfläche dieses Gegenstandes, vorgesehen. Insbesondere kann auf diese Weise eine Verschleißschutzschicht auf dem Gegenstand hergestellt werden. Das Verfahren umfasst die folgenden Verfahrensschritte:
Bereitstellen von Hartpartikeln, einem Bindemittel und Wasser als Lösungsmittel, welches insbesondere zu einem Bindemittel-, einem Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemisch oder einem Pulvergemisch verarbeitet ist. Die Hartpartikel, das Bindemittel und das Lösungsmittel werden auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche des Gegenstandes aufgebracht. Anschließend wird der so beschichtete Gegenstand einer Temperatur von zumindest 900°C, vorzugsweise zumindest 1000°C, unterzogen, wodurch das Bindemittel aus dem Gemisch entfernt wird und die Hartpartikel fest mit der Oberfläche verbunden werden. Als Bindemittel werden Zelluloseetherderivate, Gelatine oder Stärke verwendet.According to the invention, a method for coating an object, in particular the metallic surface of this object, is provided. In particular, a wear protection layer can be produced on the object in this way. The process comprises the following process steps:
Providing hard particles, a binder and water as a solvent, which in particular to a binder, a hard particle-binder mixture or Powder mixture is processed. The hard particles, the binder and the solvent are applied to the surface of the object to be coated. The article coated in this way is then subjected to a temperature of at least 900 ° C., preferably at least 1000 ° C., as a result of which the binder is removed from the mixture and the hard particles are firmly connected to the surface. Cellulose ether derivatives, gelatin or starch are used as binders.

Der Vorteil der Verwendung von Zelluloseetherderivaten, Gelatine oder Stärke ist deren sehr gute Lösbarkeit insbesondere in Wasser. Durch das Konzentrationsverhältnis des Bindemittels im Wasser kann die Viskosität des Gemischs variabel eingestellt werden. Unter dem Begriff Bindemittel-Gemisch wird nachfolgend ein Gemisch aus Bindemittel und Lösungsmittel ohne Hartpartikel verstanden. Unter dem Begriff Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemisch wird ein Gemisch aus Hartpartikeln, Bindemittel und Wasser verstanden. Unter dem Begriff Pulvergemisch wird ein Gemisch aus Hartpartikeln und Bindemittel verstanden. Unter dem Begriff Gemisch sind das Bindemittel-Gemisch, das Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemisch und das Pulvergemisch zu verstehen.The advantage of using cellulose ether derivatives, gelatin or starch is their very good solubility, especially in water. The viscosity of the mixture can be variably adjusted by the concentration ratio of the binder in the water. The term binder mixture is understood below to mean a mixture of binder and solvent without hard particles. The term hard particle-binder mixture is understood to mean a mixture of hard particles, binder and water. The term powder mixture is understood to mean a mixture of hard particles and binder. The term mixture is understood to mean the binder mixture, the hard particle-binder mixture and the powder mixture.

Wasser ist als Lösungsmittel ökologisch unbedenklich und vergleichsweise kostengünstig. Die Zelluloseetherderivate, Gelatine und die Stärke sind ökologisch vollkommen unbedenklich und kostengünstig in der Anschaffung. Insofern sind die ökologischen Anforderungen durch kostengünstige Ausgangsstoffe erfüllt.As a solvent, water is ecologically harmless and comparatively inexpensive. The cellulose ether derivatives, gelatin and starch are ecologically completely harmless and inexpensive to buy. In this respect, the ecological requirements are met by inexpensive raw materials.

Durch die variable Einstellbarkeit der Viskosität können zum einen recht zähflüssige Gemische hergestellt werden, die sich für einen nicht erfindungsgemäßen, mechanischen Auftrag eignen. Zum anderen können aber auch recht dünnflüssige Gemische bereitgestellt werden, die sich insbesondere für eine spritzende Auftragung eignen, ähnlich dem Lackieren. Das Bindemittel haftet zum einen auf der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche an; zum anderen kann das Bindemittel auch die Hartpartikel binden. Somit können die Hartpartikel zunächst auf der Oberfläche gebunden werden; die endgültige Fixierung der Hartpartikel erfolgt dann durch Einschmelzen. So lässt sich beim Auftragen und auch beim Einschmelzen eine sehr gleichmäßige Schicht erzeugen. In einer ersten Ausgestaltung wird das Bindemittel und das Wasser zu einem Bindemittel-Gemisch verarbeitet. Anschließend wird dieses Bindemittel-Gemisch auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche aufgebracht, wobei anschließend auf das Bindemittel-Gemisch die Hartpartikel aufgebracht werden. Das Bindemittel-Gemisch stellt eine Art Haftvermittler auf der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche dar. Anschließend werden die Hartpartikel auf diesen Haftvermittler aufgebracht. Das Bindemittel-Gemisch wird zerstäubend aufgebracht. Die Hartpartikel können durch Sprühen, Schütten, Aufblasen oder durch Eintunken des mit dem Bindemittel-Gemischs versehenden Gegenstandes in eine Schüttung der Partikel aufgebracht werden. Es sind Schichtdicken von weniger als 0,2 mm, insbesondere weniger als 0,1 mm erzielbar.Due to the variable adjustability of the viscosity, very viscous mixtures can be produced which are suitable for a mechanical application not according to the invention. On the other hand, it is also possible to provide very thin mixtures which are particularly suitable for spray application, similar to painting. On the one hand, the binder adheres to the surface to be coated; on the other hand, the binder can also bind the hard particles. The hard particles can thus first be bound on the surface; the final fixation of the hard particles is then carried out by melting. This means that a very even layer can be created during application and also during melting. In a first embodiment, the binder and the water are processed to form a binder mixture. This binder mixture is then applied to the surface to be coated, the hard particles then being applied to the binder mixture. The binder mixture represents a kind of adhesion promoter on the surface to be coated. The hard particles are then applied to this adhesion promoter. The binder mixture will spray applied. The hard particles can be applied by spraying, pouring, inflating or by soaking the object provided with the binder mixture in a bed of the particles. Layer thicknesses of less than 0.2 mm, in particular less than 0.1 mm, can be achieved.

In einer zweiten Ausgestaltung, werden zunächst die Hartpartikel, das Bindemittel und das Wasser zu einem Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemisch verarbeitet. Anschließend wird dieses Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemisch auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche aufgebracht. Dies kann insbesondere durch Aufspritzen erfolgen. Bei dieser zweiten Ausgestaltung ist der Haftvermittler, also das gelöste Bindemittel, bereits mit den Hartpartikeln in dem Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemisch vermischt. Dieses Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemisch wird in einem Schritt auf die Oberfläche des Gegenstands aufgebracht. Auch dieses Verfahren eignet sich zur Herstellung von recht dünnen Schichten in der oben genannten Größenordnung.In a second embodiment, the hard particles, the binder and the water are first processed to form a hard particle-binder mixture. This hard particle / binder mixture is then applied to the surface to be coated. This can be done in particular by spraying. In this second embodiment, the adhesion promoter, that is to say the dissolved binder, is already mixed with the hard particles in the hard particle-binder mixture. This hard particle-binder mixture is applied to the surface of the object in one step. This method is also suitable for the production of very thin layers in the order of magnitude mentioned above.

Eine dritte Ausgestaltung ist eine Variante der ersten Ausgestaltung. Dabei wird ein Pulvergemisch auf den Gegenstand aufgetragen, der bereits mit dem Lösungsmittel benetzt ist. Dies kann anhand einer Pulversprühapparatur erfolgen. Dies kann durch elektrostatische Pulverbeschichtung erfolgen.A third embodiment is a variant of the first embodiment. A powder mixture is applied to the object that is already wetted with the solvent. This can be done using a powder spraying device. This can be done by electrostatic powder coating.

Bevorzugt werden die vorgenannten Schritte mehrfach nacheinander durchgeführt. Dabei können die Varianten der ersten Ausgestaltung, der zweiten und/oder der dritten Ausgestaltung auch nacheinander kombiniert angewendet werden. Ferner können bei mehreren Durchläufen auch jeweils abweichende Hartpartikel oder jeweils abweichende Bindemittel verwendet werden, wodurch ein Mehrschichtaufbau erreicht wird. Die einzelnen Schritte können in ihrem technischen Ablauf standardisiert sein. Durch die mehrfache Ausführung können so trotz Standardschritte variable Schichtdicken erzeugt werden.The aforementioned steps are preferably carried out several times in succession. The variants of the first embodiment, the second and / or the third embodiment can also be used in combination in succession. Furthermore, different hard particles or different binders can be used in each case in a plurality of passes, as a result of which a multilayer structure is achieved. The technical steps of the individual steps can be standardized. Due to the multiple design, variable layer thicknesses can be generated despite standard steps.

In den vorgenannten Verfahren der ersten oder zweiten Ausgestaltung weist das Bindemittel-Gemisch eine niedrige Viskosität von maximal 106 mPa s (cP) auf. Eine solche geringe Viskosität ist insbesondere geeignet für das Aufspritzen oder das Sprühen des Gemischs auf den Gegenstand, da die Spritzwerkzeuge für niedrigviskose Flüssigkeiten bevorzugt geeignet sind. Durch die Lösbarkeit des verwendeten Bindemittels in Wasser lassen sich die verwendeten Spritzwerkzeuge auch sehr gut reinigen. Ein Verkleben durch das Bindemittel kann somit fast völligständig ausgeschlossen werden.In the aforementioned methods of the first or second embodiment, the binder mixture has a low viscosity of at most 10 6 mPa s (cP). Such a low viscosity is particularly suitable for spraying or spraying the mixture onto the object, since the spraying tools are preferably suitable for low-viscosity liquids. Due to the solubility of the binder used in water, the spraying tools used can also be cleaned very well. Adhesion by the binder can thus be almost completely ruled out.

Alternativ kann das Gemisch in einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform, insbesondere das Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemisch, auch als zähflüssige Masse angerührt werden. Dann weist das Gemisch eine Viskosität von zumindest 106 mPa s (cP) auf. Es ergibt sich eine Art Knetmasse, die beliebig zur Modellierung verwendet werden kann. Anhand des Gemischs, insbesondere des Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemischs können auch Freihandformen erzeugt werden; dieses Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemisch kann auch in eine Form eingebracht werden und darin aushärten.Alternatively, in an embodiment not according to the invention, the mixture, in particular the hard particle / binder mixture, can also be mixed as a viscous mass will. The mixture then has a viscosity of at least 10 6 mPa s (cP). The result is a kind of modeling clay that can be used for modeling as desired. Freehand shapes can also be generated using the mixture, in particular the hard particle-binder mixture; this hard particle-binder mixture can also be introduced into a mold and harden therein.

Ein solch nicht erfindungsgemäßes zähflüssiges Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemisch kann auch auf eine Trägerfolie aufgebracht werden und mitsamt der Trägerfolie auf den Gegenstand aufgebracht werden. Wie eine Scheibe Schmelzkäse ist das Gemisch dann auf der Trägerfolie vorhanden und kann beliebig auf den Gegenstand aufgebracht werden. Die Trägerfolie wird anschließend abgezogen oder verbrennt beim Einschmelzvorgang. Eine Folie kann einseitig oder zweiseitig auf dem Gemisch aufgebracht sein.Such a viscous hard particle-binder mixture not according to the invention can also be applied to a carrier film and applied to the object together with the carrier film. The mixture is then present on the carrier film like a slice of processed cheese and can be applied to the object as desired. The carrier film is then removed or burns during the melting process. A film can be applied to the mixture on one or both sides.

Das als eine Art Knetmasse vorliegende Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemisch kann vorher in eine definierte Schichtdicke gebracht werden um so gewünschte Schichtstärken herstellen zu können. Zudem kann die Knetmasse auf einer speziellen Trägerfolie aufgebracht und eine definierte Dicke gewalzt werden. Anschließend kann die Knetmasse mit einer weiteren speziellen Folie abgedeckt werden, wodurch ein Sandwich aus Folie, Knetmasse und Folie entsteht. Die zu beschichtende Fläche kann dann mit einem Zelluloseether oder einem anderen Bindemittel-Gemisch befeuchtet werden. Dann wird zuerst die eine Abdeckfolie entfernt, die Knetmasse auf den Gegenstand aufgebracht und anschließend wird die weitere Trägerfolie abgezogen. Anschließend erfolgt das Einschmelzen. Nach dem Aufbringen, aber vor dem Erhitzen, kann das Gemisch auf dem Gegenstand bei Raumtemperatur trocknen und bilden so eine feste, trockene und auf dem Bauteil bereits fest anhaftende Schicht aus, die aber noch nicht gewünschte Stabilität aufweist. Allerdings eignet sich in diesem Zustand diese vorgefestigte Schicht gut für eine geometrische Feinbearbeitung, in der die Schicht in ihrer Ausgestaltung angepasst werden kann. Erst nach dem Erhitzen des Gegenstandes auf die Temperatur im Schmelzbereich der Hartpartikel erfolgt die endgültige Fixierung.The hard particle-binder mixture present as a type of modeling clay can be brought beforehand into a defined layer thickness in order to be able to produce desired layer thicknesses. In addition, the modeling clay can be applied to a special carrier film and a defined thickness can be rolled. Then the plasticine can be covered with another special film, which creates a sandwich of film, plasticine and film. The surface to be coated can then be moistened with a cellulose ether or another binder mixture. Then the cover film is first removed, the modeling clay is applied to the object and then the further carrier film is removed. Then the melting takes place. After application, but before heating, the mixture can dry on the object at room temperature and thus form a firm, dry layer which is already firmly adhering to the component, but which does not yet have the desired stability. In this state, however, this prefabricated layer is well suited for geometric fine machining, in which the shape of the layer can be adapted. The final fixing takes place only after the object has been heated to the temperature in the melting range of the hard particles.

Sowohl das Lösemittel als auch das Bindemittel entweichen beim Einschmelzvorgang vollständig aus dem Gemisch. Etwaige Trägerfolien werden insbesondere vor dem Einschmelzen vollständig entfernt. Die so erzeugte Beschichtung ist nun untrennbar mit dem Gegenstand verbunden und kann aufgrund ihres tribologischen Verhaltens einen Bauteilverschleiß begrenzen oder gänzlich verhindern.Both the solvent and the binder escape completely from the mixture during the melting process. Any carrier foils are completely removed, especially before melting. The coating produced in this way is now inextricably linked to the object and, due to its tribological behavior, can limit or completely prevent component wear.

Die Hartpartikel können zusätzlich keramische und/oder metallische Partikel umfassen, insbesondere Carbide, Nitride und Oxide z.B. Siliziumnitrid, Wolframschmelzcarbid. Die Hartpartikel weisen insbesondere eine Partikelgröße von maximal 200µm auf. Das Lösungsmittel besteht vorzugsweise ausschließlich aus Wasser.The hard particles can additionally comprise ceramic and / or metallic particles, in particular carbides, nitrides and oxides, for example silicon nitride, tungsten melting carbide. The Hard particles have a maximum particle size of 200 µm. The solvent preferably consists exclusively of water.

Als Hartpartikel werden bevorzugt Partikel aus einer Nickelbasislegierung, einer Kobaltbasislegierung oder einer Eisenbasislegierung und/oder Partikel mit einer Härte von zumindest 45 HRC verwendet. Das Volumenverhältnis von Hartpartikeln zu Bindemittel beträgt vorzugsweise zumindest 10:1. Der Volumenanteil des Bindemittels im Gemisch aus Hartpartikeln und Bindemittel beträgt vorzugsweise maximal 7 Vol%, vorzugsweise zumindest 2 Vol%.Particles made of a nickel-based alloy, a cobalt-based alloy or an iron-based alloy and / or particles with a hardness of at least 45 HRC are preferably used as hard particles. The volume ratio of hard particles to binder is preferably at least 10: 1. The volume fraction of the binder in the mixture of hard particles and binder is preferably at most 7% by volume, preferably at least 2% by volume.

Unter, in oder auf die Schicht des Gemischs kann zusätzlich ein insbesondere feinmaschiges Metallnetz angebracht werden. Das Metallnetz kann als eine Art Skelett dienen und kann ein Verlaufen des noch nicht eingeschmolzenen Gemisches verhindern. Bei einer induktiven Erwärmung wird das Metallnetz stärker erhitzt als das Grundmaterial; somit können auch Bauteile mit einem niedrigeren Schmelzpunkt beschichtet werden. Das Metallnetz selbst kann als Verstärkung der Schicht dienen.A particularly fine-meshed metal mesh can also be attached under, in or on the layer of the mixture. The metal net can serve as a kind of skeleton and can prevent the mixture that has not yet melted from flowing. With inductive heating, the metal mesh is heated more than the base material; This means that components with a lower melting point can also be coated. The metal mesh itself can serve to reinforce the layer.

Das Aufspritzen der Hartpartikel bzw. der Bindemittel auf das Werkzeug kann zwar gleichzeitig erfolgen; es können aber unterschiedlichen Spritzdüsen verwendet werden, wobei aus der einen Spritzdüse das Bindemittel-Gemisch und aus der anderen Spritzdüse die Hartpartikel gespritzt werden. Die jeweiligen Spritzdüsen können so optimal auf das jeweilige Material ausgelegt werden.The hard particles or the binders can be sprayed onto the tool simultaneously; however, different spray nozzles can be used, the binder mixture being sprayed from one spray nozzle and the hard particles being sprayed from the other spray nozzle. The respective spray nozzles can thus be optimally designed for the respective material.

Es ist ferner eine Werkstoffanordnung zum Auftragen auf Gegenständen oder zur Bildung von Gegenständen offenbart. Die Werkstoffanordnung umfasst die folgenden Komponenten
keramische und/oder metallische Partikel als Hartpartikel,
Zelluloseetherderivate, Gelatine oder Stärke als Bindemittel und
Wasser als Lösungsmittel. Insbesondere sind die Komponenten vollständig oder teilweise zu einem Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemisch oder einem Bindemittel-Gemisch verarbeitet. Die Schmelztemperatur der Hartstoffe beträgt zumindest 900, vorzugsweise zumindest 1000°C. Die bezüglich des Verfahrens genannten Vorteile, weiteren Ausgestaltungen und Abwandlungen treffen auch auf den beanspruchten Werkstoff zu.A material arrangement for application to objects or for forming objects is also disclosed. The material arrangement includes the following components
ceramic and / or metallic particles as hard particles,
Cellulose ether derivatives, gelatin or starch as binders and
Water as a solvent. In particular, the components are completely or partially processed to form a hard particle-binder mixture or a binder mixture. The melting temperature of the hard materials is at least 900, preferably at least 1000 ° C. The advantages, further refinements and modifications mentioned with regard to the method also apply to the material claimed.

Es ist ferner die Verwendung des Werkstoffs zum Formen eines Werkstücks offenbart. Bei dieser Verwendung weist das Gemisch, welches sowohl die Hartpartikel als auch das Bindemittel und das Lösungsmittel umfasst, eine Viskosität von zumindest 106 mPa s (cP) auf und ist damit vergleichsweise zähflüssig. Das Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemisch wird in eine Form eingebracht. Anschließend erfolgt das Erhitzen des Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemischs auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur der Hartpartikel.The use of the material to form a workpiece is also disclosed. In this use, the mixture, which comprises both the hard particles as well as the binder and the solvent, has a viscosity of at least 10 6 mPa s (cP) and is therefore comparatively viscous. The hard particle-binder mixture is introduced into a mold. The hard particle-binder mixture is then heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the hard particles.

In einer alternativen Verwendung wird der Werkstoff in einem 3D-Drucker verwendet. Das mit dem Wasser gelöste Bindemittel wird gemeinsam oder separat mit den Hartpartikeln schichtweise zum zu erzeugenden Gegenstand aufgetragen. Falls die Hartpartikel separat zum Bindemittel aufgetragen werden, kann dies anhand einer anderen Spritzdüse erfolgen. Das Erhitzen der Hartpartikel auf deren Schmelztemperatur kann dann erfolgen, wenn das Bauteil vollständig aufgebaut ist. Dann kann das Bauteil induktiv erwärmt werden. Die Erwärmung kann aber in regelmäßigen Abständen während des Aufbaus des Gegenstandes erfolgen, so dass das Einschmelzen schichtweise erfolgt.In an alternative use, the material is used in a 3D printer. The binder dissolved in the water is applied together or separately with the hard particles in layers to the object to be produced. If the hard particles are applied separately to the binder, this can be done using another spray nozzle. The hard particles can be heated to their melting temperature when the component is completely assembled. Then the component can be heated inductively. However, the heating can take place at regular intervals during the construction of the object, so that the melting takes place in layers.

In einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel wird ein Zelluloseether-Gemisch und Hartpartikel in Pulverform (Pulvergranulatgröße von etwa 160µm) mit Hilfe einer Spritzpistole als zusammenhängende Schicht auf ein metallisches oder keramisches Bauteil aufgetragen. Die Schicht hat eine Schichtdicke von 0,05 mm. Der Gegenstand wird anschließend einer Temperatur von >900°C ausgesetzt, wodurch die Hartpartikel mit dem Gegenstand zu einem festen zusammenhängenden Verbund verschmolzen werden. Das Aufschmelzen erfolgt in einem Ofen oder per Induktion. Dabei wird nur das Gemisch, nicht aber der Gegenstand in einen geschmolzenen Zustand versetzt.In a first embodiment, a cellulose ether mixture and hard particles in powder form (powder granulate size of about 160 μm) are applied as a coherent layer to a metallic or ceramic component with the aid of a spray gun. The layer has a layer thickness of 0.05 mm. The object is then exposed to a temperature of> 900 ° C, whereby the hard particles are fused with the object to form a solid, coherent bond. The melting takes place in an oven or by induction. Only the mixture is brought into a molten state, but not the object.

In einem zweiten nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel wird ein zähflüssiges Hartpartikel-Bindemittel-Gemisch mit einer Schichtdicke von ca. 1 mm auf eine Trägerfolie aufgebracht. Dieses Gemisch wird mit einer Abdeckfolie versehen. Auf dieser Abdeckfolie erfolgt ein Walzen der Schicht auf weniger als 1 mm Schichtdicke des Gemischs. Anschließend wird die Abdeckfolie entfernt, die Schicht mit Hilfe der Trägerfolie auf einen zu beschichtenden Gegenstand aufgebracht und anschließend die Trägerfolie entfernt. Die Anordnung aus Gemisch und Gegenstand wird anschließend in einem Ofen oder durch Induktion auf 900°C erhitzt, so dass die Hartpartikel eingeschmolzen werden. Das Wasser sowie das Bindemittel entweichen vollständig aus dem Gemisch.In a second exemplary embodiment not according to the invention, a viscous hard particle / binder mixture with a layer thickness of approximately 1 mm is applied to a carrier film. This mixture is provided with a cover film. The layer is rolled on this cover film to a layer thickness of less than 1 mm of the mixture. The cover film is then removed, the layer is applied to an object to be coated with the aid of the carrier film, and the carrier film is then removed. The arrangement of mixture and object is then heated in an oven or by induction to 900 ° C., so that the hard particles are melted down. The water and the binder escape completely from the mixture.

In einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel werden ein Zelluloseether und Hartpartikel, jeweils in Pulverform (Pulvergranulatgröße von etwa 160µm) zu einem Pulvergemisch vermischt. Das Bauteil ist mit Wasser benetzt. Das Pulvergemisch wird auf die befeuchtete Oberfläche des Gegenstandes aufgesprüht und bleibt dort haften. Die Schicht hat eine Schichtdicke von ca. 0,05 mm. Dieser Schritt wird mehrfach durchgeführt bis die gewünschte Schichtdicke erreicht wird. Der Gegenstand wird anschließend einer Temperatur von >900°C ausgesetzt, wodurch die Hartpartikel mit dem Gegenstand zu einem festen zusammenhängenden Verbund verschmolzen werden. Das Einschmelzen erfolgt in einem Ofen oder per Induktion.In a third exemplary embodiment, a cellulose ether and hard particles, each in powder form (powder granulate size of approximately 160 μm), are mixed to form a powder mixture. The component is wetted with water. The powder mixture is sprayed onto the moistened surface of the object and remains there. The layer has a layer thickness of approx. 0.05 mm. This step is carried out several times until the desired layer thickness is reached. The object is then exposed to a temperature of> 900 ° C, whereby the hard particles are fused with the object to form a solid, coherent bond. The melting takes place in an oven or by induction.

Claims (5)

  1. Method for coating an object, comprising the following method steps:
    preparing hard particles and a binding agent mixture from a binder and water as solvent,
    applying a hard particle-binding agent mixture comprising the hard particles and the binding agent mixture to the surface of the object that is to be coated,
    exposing the applied hard particles to a temperature of at least 900 ° C, with the effect of removing the binding agent mixture from the hard particle-binding agent mixture and leaving the hard particles firmly bonded to the surface,
    characterized in that
    cellulose derivatives, gelatine or starch is/are used as the binding agent, wherein the viscosity of the binding agent mixture is adjusted variably by means of the concentration ratio of the binding agent in the water,
    wherein the binding agent mixture is application to the surface of the object that is to be coated by spraying, wherein hard particles are applied to the binding agent mixture subsequently.
  2. Method according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the steps according to Claim 1 are carried out multiple times sequentially.
  3. Method according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the binding agent mixture has a viscosity not exceeding 106 mPa s (cP).
  4. Method according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the hard particles further comprise ceramic and/or metallic particles, particularly having a particle size not exceeding 200 µm.
  5. Method according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    particles from a nickel-based alloy, a cobalt-based alloy and/or particles with a hardness of at least 45 HRC are used as the hard particles.
EP15775639.6A 2014-09-17 2015-09-17 Method for coating an object Active EP3194637B1 (en)

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DE102014113425.7A DE102014113425A1 (en) 2014-09-17 2014-09-17 Method for coating an article
PCT/EP2015/071337 WO2016042082A2 (en) 2014-09-17 2015-09-17 Method for coating an object

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EP3194637B1 true EP3194637B1 (en) 2020-04-01

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006119962A2 (en) * 2005-05-10 2006-11-16 Fachhochschule Münster Enamel coating for liquid application

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3129112A (en) * 1961-11-15 1964-04-14 Gen Motors Corp Electrostatic coating operations
GB8409047D0 (en) * 1984-04-07 1984-05-16 Mixalloy Ltd Production of metal strip
FR2707191B1 (en) * 1993-07-06 1995-09-01 Valinox Metallic powder for making parts by compression and sintering and process for obtaining this powder.
DE4336694A1 (en) * 1993-10-27 1995-05-04 Inst Neue Mat Gemein Gmbh Process for the production of metal and ceramic sintered bodies and layers
US6624225B1 (en) * 1996-06-03 2003-09-23 Liburdi Engineering Limited Wide-gap filler material
US6649682B1 (en) * 1998-12-22 2003-11-18 Conforma Clad, Inc Process for making wear-resistant coatings
EP2344297A1 (en) * 2008-10-09 2011-07-20 H.C. Starck Ceramics GmbH & Co. KG Novel wear-resistant films and a method for the production and for the use thereof
TW201441177A (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-11-01 Vesuvius Crucible Co Zirconia based coating for refractory elements and refractory element comprising such coating

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006119962A2 (en) * 2005-05-10 2006-11-16 Fachhochschule Münster Enamel coating for liquid application

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WO2016042082A2 (en) 2016-03-24
DE102014113425A1 (en) 2016-03-17
DK3194637T3 (en) 2020-07-13
EP3194637A2 (en) 2017-07-26

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