EP3177416B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von warmumgeformten bauteilen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung von warmumgeformten bauteilen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3177416B1
EP3177416B1 EP15736513.1A EP15736513A EP3177416B1 EP 3177416 B1 EP3177416 B1 EP 3177416B1 EP 15736513 A EP15736513 A EP 15736513A EP 3177416 B1 EP3177416 B1 EP 3177416B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
semi
finished product
component
heating
tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15736513.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3177416A1 (de
Inventor
Jürgen Becker
Bernd Kupetz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP3177416A1 publication Critical patent/EP3177416A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3177416B1 publication Critical patent/EP3177416B1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/201—Work-pieces; preparation of the work-pieces, e.g. lubricating, coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing hot-formed components.
  • the structural components of the body are not only crucial to the stability of the vehicle, but also play a crucial role in safety in the event of a crash.
  • it has proven successful in the past to produce structural components using hot forming.
  • Hot forming processes are also described in the literature as form hardening or press hardening.
  • a blank is first heated in a furnace to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the steel and then simultaneously formed and cooled in a tool, i.e. form-hardened.
  • a tool i.e. form-hardened.
  • a blank is first cold-formed to produce a fully formed and trimmed steel component. This is then heated in a heating system to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the steel and then form-hardened in a tool by rapid cooling.
  • the blank or a fully formed and trimmed steel component is thermomechanically formed in the tool after heating to the austenitizing temperature, with the thermomechanical forming taking place at a temperature above the final austenitizing temperature Ac3 (approx. 830°C), preferably between 900 and 1100°C.
  • the formed workpieces are cooled using a cooling unit located in a closed tool body. This enables components with particularly high mechanical properties, especially with high strength, to be produced.
  • the patent specification DE 19723655 B4 shows a method for producing sheet steel products by heating a measured sheet steel, hot forming the sheet steel in a tool pair, hardening the formed product by rapidly cooling it from an austenitic temperature while still held in the tool pair, and then machining the product.
  • the DE 197 23 655 A1 describes a process for producing hardened components that have areas of lower hardness and areas of higher hardness. In these softer areas, a subsequent processing takes place. To create the softer areas, inserts are provided in the processing tools or gaps are provided between the tool and the workpiece.
  • inserts are provided in the processing tools or gaps are provided between the tool and the workpiece.
  • Such systems have disadvantages in that they make it difficult to produce complex geometries. If the component geometry changes or if other areas of the component are to remain unhardened, this requires changes to the production tools. However, this involves a lot of modification work and is expensive.
  • the tool is subject to high levels of wear. However, wear and tear also changes the properties of the components produced. In order to meet the requirements for dimensional accuracy and quality, the tools must be revised. This is associated with high costs and also leads to an interruption of the production process.
  • a method for producing components from sheet steel with regions of different ductility wherein a component is produced from a sheet metal blank made of a hardenable steel alloy either by deep drawing and the deep-drawn component is subsequently at least partially austenitized by heat treatment and then quench hardened in a tool, or the blank is at least partially austenitized by heat treatment and formed while hot and quench hardened during or after that.
  • a desired higher ductility is to be achieved, at least one further sheet is applied to the blank so that the blank is heated up to a lesser extent there during the heat treatment than in the remaining region.
  • the WO 2010/139664 A1 relates to a method for hot forming a board made of an aluminum or steel alloy. Before forming, an insulating material is placed on at least one surface of the board, wherein the insulating material has a lower thermal conductivity than the circuit board and is made of paper or cardboard.
  • the present invention sets itself the task of specifying a method for producing hot-formed components in which different areas with different mechanical values can be formed in a component. It is a specific task of the invention to specify a method with which changes to the desired mechanical characteristics in a component can be implemented particularly quickly.
  • the insulation device is applied to the semi-finished product before heating. This ensures that the semi-finished product experiences less heat input in the predetermined area and does not reach a temperature above the austenitizing temperature AC3. Thus, after hardening, a structure with a lower ductility is formed in this predetermined area than in the rest of the component.
  • the insulation device can be removed again after the semi-finished product has been heated before the semi-finished product is placed in a hardening tool. Alternatively, the insulation device can also remain on the semi-finished product while the semi-finished product is hardened in the hardening tool.
  • the insulation device is only applied to the semi-finished product after it has been heated in the predetermined area.
  • a martensitic structure is created in the component that is characterized by high mechanical hardness.
  • a ferritic-pearlitic structure is created that is more ductile than the martensitic area(s).
  • the position of the insulation device on the semi-finished product can be changed depending on the position of the semi-finished product where more ductile areas are to be set.
  • the insulation device covers the area of the semi-finished product that must not reach too high strength values in the finished component.
  • various insulation devices that differ in their thickness or material can be applied to the semi-finished product.
  • the insulating device can be designed as a permanent magnet and can be connected to the semi-finished product in a force-fitting manner. Since the semi-finished products are preferably designed as metal sheets, magnets are particularly suitable for use as insulating devices because they adhere to the semi-finished product automatically. A further advantage of permanent magnets is that they can be removed from the component without leaving any residue after hardening and cleaning or processing of the components is not necessary.
  • an insulating device which is designed as a film or tape, is applied to the semi-finished product.
  • tapes or films offer the advantage that they can be used in the manufacturing process without changes to the tools or with only minor tool changes. They are therefore particularly suitable for subsequent use in the manufacturing process during an already started production of series components.
  • Such tapes or films can be designed in layers with a small layer thickness.
  • the tapes or films can be connected to the semi-finished product via an adhesion-promoting layer, for example an adhesive. Such a material connection advantageously results in a good hold of the insulating device on the semi-finished product.
  • an insulating device which is designed as a paste, is applied to the semi-finished product in a predetermined area.
  • pastes can be, for example, copper pastes or similar pastes that have a low heat transfer coefficient. Pastes are also suitable for subsequent use in series production that has already begun.
  • an insulating device which is designed as a form-fitting coating, is applied in a predetermined area of the semi-finished product.
  • This coating can be made of various materials that are correspondingly temperature-resistant.
  • such a coating can be made of an additional sheet metal that can be brought into engagement with the semi-finished product in the predetermined area.
  • the coating can also be made of a temperature-resistant plastic that can be brought into form-fitting engagement with the predetermined area of the semi-finished product.
  • several insulating devices can be arranged on the semi-finished product. These can all be arranged on a first side of the semi-finished product or on a side of the semi-finished product opposite the first side. Furthermore, the insulating devices can also be provided on both sides of the semi-finished product. They can be offset from one another or arranged on both sides of the semi-finished product in the predetermined area.
  • FIG. 1a the heating step is shown in which a semi-finished product 17, shown here as a circuit board, is heated.
  • the heating can take place in an oven or with the help of another heat source.
  • the insulation device 15 is already attached at a predetermined position and shields a predetermined area of the circuit board 17.
  • the heat shown as S-shaped curved arrows, only reaches the circuit board 17 to a lesser extent in this area and heats it in the predetermined area to a lower temperature than in the remaining areas of the circuit board 17.
  • Fig. 1b shows a forming tool 10 that can be used in presses for hot forming sheet metal blanks into sheet metal components 17.
  • the forming tool 10 has a lower tool half 12u that sits on a base plate 11.
  • the lower forming tool half 12u interacts with an upper forming tool half 12o.
  • the mutually facing active surfaces of the upper forming tool half 12o and the lower forming tool half 12u are designed to correspond so that they function like the die and punch of a press tool.
  • the tool half 12o is designed as a punch and the tool half 12u as a die.
  • the upper and lower mold halves can be interchanged in terms of their arrangement, so that the upper tool functions as a die and the lower tool as a punch.
  • the upper tool half 12o and the lower tool half 12u are movable relative to each other.
  • the Fig. 1b The mold halves 12o, 12u shown can be moved apart and together again. When the mold halves are moved together, the semi-finished product 17, ie a piece of sheet metal or a sheet metal blank 17, gets between the mold halves and is surrounded by the active surfaces and formed.
  • the Fig. 1b The state shown corresponds to an open position of the tool halves 12u, 12o during a forming process in which the component 17 is completely formed and can be removed from the forming tool 10. In the illustration, the insulating device 15 is removed from the sheet metal blank 17 after heating.
  • An insert 13 is provided in the lower mold half 12u, in which a cooling system having several cooling channels or cooling lines 14 is integrated.
  • the use of such inserts 13 offers the advantage that different component contours can be embossed with a lower mold 12u, in that the insert 13 can be exchanged according to the desired component shape.
  • the cooling lines 14 run essentially parallel to the surface of the Component 17 and thus also essentially parallel to the effective surface of the mold halves 12u, 12o. The cooling lines 14 thus follow the component surface at a certain distance into the insert 13 of the lower mold half 12u.
  • the cooling channels enable targeted cooling of the semi-finished product 17 in the area of the cooling channels 14, so that the component is hardened and a structure is realized in the component with high mechanical strength.
  • FIG. 1c is out Fig. 1b known forming tool 10 is shown, however, in a closed position. In this state, the sheet metal part 17 is formed and hardened. Heat is extracted from the component 17 and dissipated via the cooling channels 14.
  • FIGs 2a to 2c A second variant of the process is shown.
  • the board 17 is completely heated, as shown in the Fig. 2a
  • the insulating device 15 is applied to the board 17 in a predetermined area before the board 17 is introduced into the mold 10, for example on a lower side of the semi-finished product 17, ie the side facing the lower tool half 12u.
  • the board 17 with the insulating device 15 arranged thereon is then introduced into the mold 10, as shown in Figure 2b
  • the insulating device 15 influences the heat exchange between the semi-finished product 17 and the tool 10.
  • the area of the semi-finished product 17 in which the insulating device 15 is arranged corresponds to a predetermined area in which high mechanical properties are not desired.
  • the invention can also be used in the indirect method.
  • the sheet metal blank is first cold formed into a three-dimensional semi-finished product. This is then heated and then hardened without further forming or, if necessary, with only minor forming. After cold forming, either the first or the second variant as described above can be used, with the insulating device 15 being applied to a predetermined area of the three-dimensional semi-finished product before heating or before hardening.
  • cooling channels 14 In the figures, only the lower tool half 12u is provided with cooling channels 14.
  • the arrangement of cooling lines can alternatively also be arranged in the upper tool half 12o.
  • cooling channels 14 can be provided in both the upper tool half 12o and the lower tool half 12u.
  • Figure 3 shows a top view of a tool lower part 12u of the mold 10.
  • a semi-finished product 17 is designed here for producing a B-pillar 18.
  • the semi-finished product 17 is trimmed along the dashed contour in order to obtain the B-pillar 18 as a component. This can be carried out either before or after hot forming.
  • other vehicle components or vehicle structural components can also be produced. These can in particular be A or C pillars, roof side frames, roof bows, sills, longitudinal or cross members.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
EP15736513.1A 2014-08-05 2015-07-14 Verfahren zur herstellung von warmumgeformten bauteilen Active EP3177416B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014215365.4A DE102014215365A1 (de) 2014-08-05 2014-08-05 Verfahren zur Herstellung von warmumgeformten Bauteilen
PCT/EP2015/066007 WO2016020148A1 (de) 2014-08-05 2015-07-14 Verfahren zur herstellung von warmumgeformten bauteilen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3177416A1 EP3177416A1 (de) 2017-06-14
EP3177416B1 true EP3177416B1 (de) 2024-05-22

Family

ID=53541674

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15736513.1A Active EP3177416B1 (de) 2014-08-05 2015-07-14 Verfahren zur herstellung von warmumgeformten bauteilen

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10876179B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3177416B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN106457337B (zh)
DE (1) DE102014215365A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2016020148A1 (zh)

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WO2017222485A2 (en) * 2016-06-20 2017-12-28 Tofas Turk Otomobil Fabrikasi Anonim Sirketi A material improvement method
DE102018103141A1 (de) * 2018-02-13 2019-08-14 GEDIA Gebrüder Dingerkus GmbH Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Metallbauteiles
DE102018103143A1 (de) * 2018-02-13 2019-08-14 GEDIA Gebrüder Dingerkus GmbH Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Metallbauteiles
DE102018104326B3 (de) 2018-02-26 2018-12-27 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Leichtmetallumformbauteils
CN108994135B (zh) * 2018-07-11 2020-01-21 北京航星机器制造有限公司 一种热成形淬火一体化成形方法
GB2590052B (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-12-08 Imp College Innovations Ltd Aluminium forming method

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DE10162415A1 (de) * 2001-12-19 2003-07-03 Siempelkamp Pressen Sys Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Werkstückes aus Metall sowie Rohling für die Herstellung eines Werkstückes im Wege einer Warmumformung

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170145530A1 (en) 2017-05-25
EP3177416A1 (de) 2017-06-14
WO2016020148A1 (de) 2016-02-11
DE102014215365A1 (de) 2016-02-11
CN106457337B (zh) 2019-12-17
CN106457337A (zh) 2017-02-22
US10876179B2 (en) 2020-12-29

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