EP3170665A1 - Method for operating a printing press having an anilox roller - Google Patents
Method for operating a printing press having an anilox roller Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3170665A1 EP3170665A1 EP16194540.7A EP16194540A EP3170665A1 EP 3170665 A1 EP3170665 A1 EP 3170665A1 EP 16194540 A EP16194540 A EP 16194540A EP 3170665 A1 EP3170665 A1 EP 3170665A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- anilox
- roll
- anilox roller
- printing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007774 anilox coating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000019612 pigmentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010038743 Restlessness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F31/00—Inking arrangements or devices
- B41F31/02—Ducts, containers, supply or metering devices
- B41F31/06—Troughs or like reservoirs with immersed or partly immersed, rollers or cylinders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F31/00—Inking arrangements or devices
- B41F31/02—Ducts, containers, supply or metering devices
- B41F31/04—Ducts, containers, supply or metering devices with duct-blades or like metering devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F31/00—Inking arrangements or devices
- B41F31/26—Construction of inking rollers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N7/00—Shells for rollers of printing machines
- B41N7/06—Shells for rollers of printing machines for inking rollers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of operating a printing press comprising an anilox roller, a supply device for supplying a fluid to the anilox roller, a removal device for removing the fluid from the anilox roller and a rider roller, the anilox roller having a grid surface consisting of a raised surface Area component and a depressed area ratio, the acceptance device is a roller or a cylinder and the rider roller is arranged in the direction of rotation of the anilox roller after the feed device and in front of the removal device.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a method for operating a printing press, in which caused by anilox roller change machine downtime is required less often.
- the method according to the invention for operating a printing press which comprises an anilox roller, a supply device for supplying a fluid to the anilox roller, a removal device for removing the fluid from the anilox roller and a rider roller, the anilox roller having a screen surface which consists of a raised surface portion and a recessed surface portion, the acceptance device is a roller or a cylinder and the rider roller is arranged in the direction of rotation of the anilox roller after the feeder and before the removal device, characterized in that as the anilox roller an anilox roller is used, in which the raised surface portion at least 10% the grid area is.
- the invention is based on the finding that the density range of an anilox inking unit can be extended by the interaction of the rider roll with a sufficiently large raised surface area. If the raised surface portion is sufficiently large, the rider roll not only equalizes the Color transfer, but also an increase in color transmission and thus an extension of the density range. Investigations have shown that under practical conditions the raised surface area should amount to at least 10% of the grid area. This means, for example, that the opening width-land width ratio of the screen area should be at most 9: 1.
- the opening width-web width ratio is also referred to as a so-called cup-web ratio, in particular in the case of a cell screen.
- the anilox roller can be engraved with a ruling of 90 lines per centimeter and the engraving be a so-called Haschur, in which instead of the wells there are one or more grooves extending in helical form around the anilox roller.
- the grid spacing or the so-called cell width is 0.11 mm.
- the groove width (opening width) is between 80 ⁇ m and 90 ⁇ m and the web width is between 20 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m. That is, if at a certain point, the groove width is 80 microns, then the associated land width is 30 microns, and if at another point, the groove width is 90 microns, then the ridge width is 20 microns at the appropriate location.
- the raised area proportion of 15% to 35% of the grid area.
- an anilox roller is used as the anilox roller, wherein the grid surface has a maximum ruling of 135 lines per centimeter.
- the grid surface is a Haschuren Design, wherein the raised surface portion is formed by a web or a plurality of webs and the recessed surface portion is formed by a groove or a plurality of grooves and each web and each groove helically runs.
- the rider roll is held in unrolling contact during printing in a first printing mode of operation and out of rolling contact with the anilox roller during printing in a second printing mode of operation.
- the rider roll is held in rolling contact in the first printing mode exclusively with the anilox roller.
- the rider roller is held in rolling contact with the anilox roller in the first printing mode of operation by a spring.
- the rotation of the rider roll is exclusively driven by the anilox roll, wherein the anilox roll drives the rider roll via peripheral surface friction.
- no traversing roller and no rider roller is used as the rider roller, but an axially stationary roller.
- a printing machine 1 is shown with an anilox inking, comprising an anilox roller 2 and an inking roller 3 adjacent thereto.
- the inking roller 3 rolls on a printing form cylinder 4, which is illuminated by a dampening unit 5 and rests against a blanket cylinder, which is not shown in the drawing.
- the printing machine 1 is an anilox offset sheet-fed press.
- a supply device 6 for supplying the fluid - in particular the color - to the anilox roller 2 at.
- the feeding device 6 comprises a cup-shaped container 7 with a doctor blade 8 and a pivoting rear wall 9.
- the level of color in the container 7 is selectively raised above a blade of the doctor blade 8, which is required for the printing operation, and below the cutting edge lowered in order to be able to park the feeder 6 after the printing operation of the anilox roller 2, without the color from the container 7 overflows.
- the inking roller 3 forms a decrease device, which decreases the color of the anilox roller 2.
- the invention is applicable not only in an anilox offset printing unit but also in a flexographic printing unit.
- a flexographic printing unit can be part of an offset printing press, for example, as a coating unit, which has a number of offset printing units in addition to the flexographic printing unit.
- a printing form cylinder is arranged, with which the anilox roller 2 is in rolling contact during printing, and this printing form cylinder forms the removal device.
- the inking roller 3 and the blanket cylinder referred to in the offset printing account for the flexographic printing unit.
- the anilox roller 2 and the inking roller 3 are rotated so coordinated with each other, as it is the in EP 1 291 176 B1 own method described, which is hereby incorporated into the present description. Also included are the devices required to carry out this method, which are incorporated in EP 1 291 176 B1 are described.
- EP 1 291 176 B1 By applying the technical measures EP 1 291 176 B1 In the context of the present invention, it is prevented that a particularly coarse ruling of the anilox roller 2 in the printed image has a negative effect and shows there in the form of an uneven dyeing.
- an anilox roller 2 with finer ruling Due to the staggered superimposition of the color accumulations on the Ink applicator roller 3, so to speak, the fineness of screening is doubled and closed areas are achieved in the printed image, as would otherwise be possible only with an anilox roller 2 with finer ruling.
- an anilox roller 2 whose ruling is less than 135 lines per centimeter can be easily used, for example, an anilox roller 2 having a line of 110 lines per centimeter.
- the anilox roller 2 rotates in the direction of rotation 10.
- a rider roller 11 is arranged in this direction of rotation after the feeder 6 and in front of the inking roller 3.
- a roller group 12 is arranged after the inking roller 3 and in front of the feeding device 6, a roller group 12 is arranged.
- the rider roll 11 has a peripheral surface of a soft and color-friendly rubber material and is mounted at its two ends in each case in a roller lock 13, which is arranged on a bearing lever 14 which is pivotable by an actuator 15, for example by a pneumatic cylinder.
- a control device 24 controls the actuator 15 in accordance with a running in the controller 24 program.
- Each roller lock 13 comprises a spring 16 for pressing the rider roller 11 to the anilox roller 2.
- This spring system is advantageous in terms of its adjustment effect, by which diameter changes of the rider roller 11 are compensated, which are caused by their aging or by a roll change.
- the existing rubber or a rubber-like plastic roller cover of the rider roll 11 can shrink or swell over time, whereby the roll diameter can change.
- the rider roll 11 may be replaced by a spare roller due to wear, whose diameter slightly deviates from that of the original rider roll 11 due to tolerances.
- the roll cover of the replacement roll may be slightly softer or harder than the roll cover of the original rider roll 11, even those differences in the compressibility of the rolls are compensated by the spring system.
- the rider roll 11 is in the printing operation exclusively with the anilox roller 2 in rolling contact, that is, there is no other roller or no other cylinder on the rider roll 11 at.
- FIG. 1 shows a first printing mode of operation, in which on each machine side (drive side, operating side) of the bearing lever 14 with the roller lock 13 and the rotatably mounted rider roller 11 is pivoted to the anilox roller 2 and the respective spring 16, the rider roller 11 presses against the anilox roller 2.
- the actuator 15 is extended accordingly.
- FIG. 3 is shown in a greatly simplified representation of the rolling of the rider roll 11 on the anilox roller 2, for better understanding, the components involved are not shown in their true size ratio to each other.
- the anilox roller 2 has a grid surface 17, which extends annularly over the entire circumference of the anilox roller 2, which is not visible in the illustrated section.
- the grid surface 17 does not have to extend over the entire axial length of the anilox roller 2.
- the grid surface 17 consists of a groove 18 and a web 19 which limits the groove 18 and form the side walls thereof.
- the groove 18 and the web 19 extend parallel to each other in helical or helical about the axis of rotation of the anilox roller 2, which axis of rotation perpendicular to the image plane of FIG. 3 is oriented.
- the course direction of the groove 18 and the web 19 is inclined relative to the image plane of FIG. 3 ,
- Such a grid structure is also referred to as Haschur.
- the web 19 forms a raised surface portion 20 of the raster surface 17 and the groove 18 a recessed surface portion 21 and both surface portions 20, 21 together result in the entire raster surface 17th
- the grid structure would have the shape of a multi-thread and the raised surface portion 20 would be formed by the two webs 19 together and the recessed surface portion 21 formed by the two grooves 18 together ,
- the raised surface portion 20 is at least 10% of the total grid area 17, so that the recessed area portion 21 is at most 90% of the grid area 17.
- FIG. 3 shows that the rider roll 11 when rolling over the groove 18 removes from this color and after a few turns on its peripheral surface has a closed color film 22.
- the rider roll 11 not only removes paint from the groove 18, but then places the extracted paint back on the roof surface of the web 19 due to the redetachment, so that the entire screen surface 17, including its raised surface portion 20, is inked by the rider roll 11 after rolling over is like this in FIG. 4 is shown.
- the deposited on the web 19 amount of ink 23 causes the grid surface 17 of the anilox roller 2 is completely covered in principle with color and accordingly gives more ink to the inking roller 3. Per unit area of the grid surface 17, the anilox roller 2 can thus transfer more ink to the inking roller 3, than would be possible without rider roller 11.
- the rider roll 11 is rotatably driven exclusively by the anilox roll 2, that is, there is no extra drive provided for the rider roll 11 and there is no other roll except the anilox roll 2, which rests against the rider roll 11 and this drives over circumferential surface friction.
- the rubber cover of the rider roll 11 presses due to the roller pressing in the nip of the two rollers 2, 11 in the grid structure of the anilox roller 2 something inside, whereby the friction is increased and the rider roll 11 runs with the anilox roller 2 virtually slip-free.
- the rider roll 11 performs no axial reciprocation, because such a traversing would affect the desired color structure on the roof surface of the web 19.
- FIG. 5 a diagram is shown, the ordinate of which represents the color density of the color black in the printed image.
- the left bar in the diagram represents the density range obtained in the first printing mode using the rider roll 11 ranging from 1.82 to 2.41. Within this range, the color density can be adjusted solely by increasing or decreasing the temperature of the anilox roller 2.
- An existing to temper the anilox roller 2 tempering with a Temperierstoffnikank, in which the anilox roller 2 is involved, is for reasons of simplified drawing in the Figures 1 and 2 not shown.
- FIG. 2 a second printing mode of operation is shown in which the rider roll 11 is offset from the anilox roll 2 and passive.
- the hinged on the bearing lever 14 actuator 15 is retracted so far that the spring 16 is no longer able to press the rider roller 11 to the anilox roller 2 and the two rollers 2, 11 are out of contact with each other.
- the second print mode of operation is for a print job that requires a lower color density than the print job for which the first print mode of operation is intended.
- the right bar in the diagram according to FIG. 5 indicates the density range in the second pressure mode, with this range of pressures ranging from 1.48 to 2.06.
- the density range in the second print mode extends to lower color density values than the density range in the first print mode (left bar).
- the ink transfer from the anilox roller 2 to the inking roller 3 can be adjusted solely by a change in the screen roller temperature control. By increasing the screen roller temperature, the ink viscosity is reduced and, accordingly, more ink is transferred from the anilox roller 2 to the pickup device (inking roller 3). By lowering the screen roller temperature, the viscosity of the fluid (color) is increased and, accordingly, less fluid is transferred to the take-off device.
- the rider roll 11 By turning off the rider roll 11 in the second printing operation mode, it is possible to print in it jobs requiring such a low color density that the first printing mode is no longer suitable for the following reason: In the first printing mode, the temperature of the anilox roller 2 would have to be lowered so far In order to achieve the low color density, condensation problems would occur on the anilox roller 2, which would impair the print quality. Therefore, it is advantageous that by turning off the rider roll 11, the screen roller temperature can be maintained above the critical lower limit. The amount of fluid transferred determines the color density that can be measured in the printed image on the substrate.
- An advantage of the method according to the invention is that the density range represented by the right-hand bar is widened by the connection of the rider roll 11 to the density range represented by the left-hand value bar, whereby changes of the anilox roll 2 are rarely required to change the effective scoop volume of the anilox roll 2 and the Machine downtime associated with anilox roll changes can be minimized.
- FIG. 6 the flowchart of the operating method of the printing press 1 is shown, this flowchart corresponding to the steps of running in the controller 24 program are provided.
- a first method step 101 the color density or color is measured.
- a second method step 102 it is decided whether the coloration is too low or not. If the coloration is too low, it is decided in a third step 103 whether the upper limit of the screen roller temperature has already been reached or not. If the upper limit has already been reached, it is decided in a fourth step 104 whether the rider roll 11 is already resting against the anilox roll 2 or not. If the rider roll 11 has already been set against the anilox roll 2, that is to say it is operated in the first printing operating mode, then in a fifth step the anilox roll is exchanged (for a replacement screening roll with a higher scoop volume) and / or the used printing ink is exchanged, for example against a printing ink with a higher pigmentation.
- step 104 If it is determined in the fourth step 104 that the rider roll 11 is not yet resting against the anilox roll 2, then in a sixth step 106 the rider roll 11 is set against the anilox roll 2 and the screen roll temperature is reduced. Thereafter, the printing is started in a seventh step 107.
- an eighth step 108 If it is determined in the second step 102 that the coloration is not too small, then it is decided in an eighth step 108 whether the coloration is too high or not. If the coloration is not too high, then the printing is started in the seventh step 107. However, if the measurement in the eighth step 108 indicates that the color is too high, then in a ninth step checked or decided whether the current screen roller temperature already corresponds to the lower limit for the screen roller temperature or not yet. If the lower limit has already been reached, it is checked in a tenth step 110 whether the rider roll 11 is already in contact with the anilox roll 2 or not.
- the rider roll 11 is turned off the anilox roll 2, that is to say from the first printing operation mode (FIG. FIG. 1 ) to the second printing mode ( FIG. 2 ) and the screen roller temperature at the tempering device is increased. Thereafter, the printing 107 is started.
- the screen roller temperature is adjusted by lowering the screen roller temperature. Thereafter, the printing 107 is started.
- the temperature of the anilox roller is adjusted by increasing the screen roller temperature. Even after that, the printing 107 is started. If it is determined in the tenth step 110 that the rider roll 11 is not abutted against the anilox roll 2, that is, the anilox inking unit is operated in the second printing mode, then in a thirteenth step 113, the anilox roll is replaced (against a replacement raster roll with a lower scum volume) and / or the color adapted, for example replaced by another color with a different pigmentation. Thereafter, the printing 107 is started.
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- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Eine Druckmaschine (1) umfasst eine Rasterwalze (2), eine Zuführeinrichtung (6) zum Zuführen eines Fluids zu der Rasterwalze (2), eine Abnahmeeinrichtung zum Abnehmen des Fluids von der Rasterwalze (2) und eine Reiterwalze (11). Die Abnahmeeinrichtung ist eine Walze (3) oder ein Zylinder und die Reiterwalze (11) ist in Drehrichtung (10) der Rasterwalze (2) nach der Zuführeinrichtung (6) und vor der Abnahmeeinrichtung angeordnet. Die Rasterwalze (2) hat eine Rasterfläche, die aus einem erhabenen Flächenanteil, zum Beispiel einem Steg, und einen vertieften Flächenanteil, zum Beispiel einer Rille, besteht. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Betreiben dieser Druckmaschine (1) wird eine Rasterwalze (2) verwendet, bei welcher der erhabene Flächenanteil mindestens 10% der Rasterfläche beträgt.A printing machine (1) comprises an anilox roller (2), a supply device (6) for supplying a fluid to the anilox roller (2), a removal device for removing the fluid from the anilox roller (2) and a rider roller (11). The removal device is a roller (3) or a cylinder and the rider roller (11) is arranged in the direction of rotation (10) of the anilox roller (2) after the feed device (6) and in front of the removal device. The anilox roller (2) has a grid surface which consists of a raised surface portion, for example a web, and a depressed area portion, for example a groove. In the method according to the invention for operating this printing machine (1), an anilox roller (2) is used, in which the raised surface portion amounts to at least 10% of the screen area.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Druckmaschine, die eine Rasterwalze, eine Zuführeinrichtung zum Zuführen eines Fluids zu der Rasterwalze, eine Abnahmeeinrichtung zum Abnehmen des Fluids von der Rasterwalze und eine Reiterwalze umfasst, wobei die Rasterwalze eine Rasterfläche hat, die aus einem erhabenen Flächenanteil und einem vertieften Flächenanteil besteht, die Abnahmeeinrichtung eine Walze oder ein Zylinder ist und die Reiterwalze in Drehrichtung der Rasterwalze nach der Zuführeinrichtung und vor der Abnahmeeinrichtung angeordnet ist.The present invention relates to a method of operating a printing press comprising an anilox roller, a supply device for supplying a fluid to the anilox roller, a removal device for removing the fluid from the anilox roller and a rider roller, the anilox roller having a grid surface consisting of a raised surface Area component and a depressed area ratio, the acceptance device is a roller or a cylinder and the rider roller is arranged in the direction of rotation of the anilox roller after the feed device and in front of the removal device.
In der
In dem Absatz "
Ein vom genannten Stand der Technik - der Offenlegungsschrift und dem Internet-Artikel - nicht behandeltes Problem ist der sehr eng begrenzte Stellbereich der Farbdichte bei Anilox-Farbwerken. Manche Druckaufträge erfordern eine vergleichsweise hohe Farbdichte. In solchen Fällen wird die Farbübertragung verstärkt, indem die Temperatur der Rasterwalze erhöht wird, die an eine Temperiereinrichtung angeschlossen ist. Die Temperatur der Rasterwalze kann aber nur bis zu einer oberen Grenze erhöht werden, weil bei einem Überschreiten der oberen Grenze die Gefahr der Selbstentzündung von in dem Anilox-Farbwerk verwendeten Waschmitteln bestehen würde. Deshalb bleibt als einzige Möglichkeit, die in der Druckmaschine eingesetzte Rasterwalze durch eine andere zu ersetzen, welche ein größeres Schöpfvolumen hat. Dieser Rasterwalzenwechsel ist aber mit Maschinenstillstandszeiten verbunden.One problem not dealt with by the cited prior art - the publication and the Internet article - is the very narrow range of color density in Anilox inking units. Some print jobs require a relatively high color density. In such cases, ink transfer is enhanced by increasing the temperature of the anilox roller connected to a tempering device. However, the temperature of the anilox roller can only be increased to an upper limit, because if the upper limit were exceeded, there would be a risk of spontaneous combustion of detergents used in the anilox inking unit. Therefore, the only option is to replace the anilox roller used in the printing press with another one which has a larger scoop volume. However, this anilox roll change is associated with machine downtime.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Druckmaschine anzugeben, bei dem durch Rasterwalzenwechsel bedingte Maschinenstillstandszeiten seltener erforderlich sind.The present invention has for its object to provide a method for operating a printing press, in which caused by anilox roller change machine downtime is required less often.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Druckmaschine, die eine Rasterwalze, eine Zuführeinrichtung zum Zuführen eines Fluids zu der Rasterwalze, eine Abnahmeeinrichtung zum Abnehmen des Fluids von der Rasterwalze und eine Reiterwalze umfasst, wobei die Rasterwalze eine Rasterfläche hat, die aus einem erhabenen Flächenanteil und einem vertieften Flächenanteil besteht, die Abnahmeeinrichtung eine Walze oder ein Zylinder ist und die Reiterwalze in Drehrichtung der Rasterwalze nach der Zuführeinrichtung und vor der Abnahmeeinrichtung angeordnet ist, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als die Rasterwalze eine Rasterwalze verwendet wird, bei welcher der erhabene Flächenanteil mindestens 10% der Rasterfläche beträgt.This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1. The method according to the invention for operating a printing press, which comprises an anilox roller, a supply device for supplying a fluid to the anilox roller, a removal device for removing the fluid from the anilox roller and a rider roller, the anilox roller having a screen surface which consists of a raised surface portion and a recessed surface portion, the acceptance device is a roller or a cylinder and the rider roller is arranged in the direction of rotation of the anilox roller after the feeder and before the removal device, characterized in that as the anilox roller an anilox roller is used, in which the raised surface portion at least 10% the grid area is.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass sich der Dichtestellbereich eines Anilox-Farbwerks durch das Zusammenwirken der Reiterwalze mit einem hinreichend großen erhabenen Flächenanteil erweitern lässt. Wenn der erhabene Flächenanteil hinreichend groß ist, bewirkt die Reiterwalze nicht nur eine Egalisierung der Farbübertragung, sondern auch eine Erhöhung der Farbübertragung und somit eine Erweiterung des Dichtestellbereichs. Untersuchungen haben ergeben, dass unter praktischen Bedingungen der erhabene Flächenanteil mindestens 10% der Rasterfläche betragen sollte. Dies bedeutet zum Beispiel, dass das Öffnungsbreite-Stegbreite-Verhältnis der Rasterfläche höchstens 9:1 betragen sollte. Das Öffnungsbreite-Stegbreite-Verhältnis wird insbesondere im Falle einer Näpfchen-Rasterung auch als sogenanntes Napf-Steg-Verhältnis bezeichnet.The invention is based on the finding that the density range of an anilox inking unit can be extended by the interaction of the rider roll with a sufficiently large raised surface area. If the raised surface portion is sufficiently large, the rider roll not only equalizes the Color transfer, but also an increase in color transmission and thus an extension of the density range. Investigations have shown that under practical conditions the raised surface area should amount to at least 10% of the grid area. This means, for example, that the opening width-land width ratio of the screen area should be at most 9: 1. The opening width-web width ratio is also referred to as a so-called cup-web ratio, in particular in the case of a cell screen.
Beispielsweise kann die Rasterwalze mit einer Lineatur von 90 Linien pro Zentimeter graviert sein und die Gravur eine sogenannte Haschur sein, bei welcher statt der Näpfchen eine oder mehrere in Schraubenlinienform um die Rasterwalze verlaufende Rillen vorhanden sind. Bei der genannten Lineatur beträgt der Rasterabstand bzw. die sogenannte Zellbreite 0,11 mm. Aufgrund unvermeidlicher Fertigungstoleranzen liegt die Rillenbreite (Öffnungsbreite) zwischen 80 µm und 90 µm und liegt die Stegbreite zwischen 20 µm und 30 µm. Das heißt, wenn an einer bestimmten Stelle die Rillenbreite 80 µm beträgt, dann beträgt die zugehörige Stegbreite 30 µm, und wenn an einer anderen Stelle die Rillenbreite 90 µm beträgt, dann beträgt an der zugehörigen Stelle die Stegbreite 20 µm.For example, the anilox roller can be engraved with a ruling of 90 lines per centimeter and the engraving be a so-called Haschur, in which instead of the wells there are one or more grooves extending in helical form around the anilox roller. In the case of the mentioned ruling, the grid spacing or the so-called cell width is 0.11 mm. Due to unavoidable manufacturing tolerances, the groove width (opening width) is between 80 μm and 90 μm and the web width is between 20 μm and 30 μm. That is, if at a certain point, the groove width is 80 microns, then the associated land width is 30 microns, and if at another point, the groove width is 90 microns, then the ridge width is 20 microns at the appropriate location.
In den Unteransprüchen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens genannt.In the dependent claims advantageous developments of the method according to the invention are mentioned.
Bei einer Weiterbildung beträgt der erhabene Flächenanteil 15% bis 35% der Rasterfläche. Bei einer weiteren Weiterbildung wird als die Rasterwalze eine Rasterwalze verwendet, bei welcher die Rasterfläche eine Lineatur von höchstens 135 Linien pro Zentimeter aufweist. Bei einer weiteren Weiterbildung wird als die Rasterwalze eine Rasterwalze verwendet, deren Rasterfläche eine Haschurenfläche ist, bei welcher der erhabene Flächenanteil durch einen Steg oder mehrere Stege gebildet wird und der vertiefte Flächenanteil durch eine Rille oder mehrere Rillen gebildet wird und jeder Steg und jede Rille schraubenlinienförmig verläuft.
Bei einer weiteren Weiterbildung wird die Reiterwalze beim Drucken in einem ersten Druckbetriebsmodus in Abrollkontakt und beim Drucken in einem zweiten Druckbetriebsmodus außer Abrollkontakt mit der Rasterwalze gehalten.In a further development, the raised area proportion of 15% to 35% of the grid area. In a further development, an anilox roller is used as the anilox roller, wherein the grid surface has a maximum ruling of 135 lines per centimeter. In a further development, as the anilox roller an anilox roller is used, the grid surface is a Haschurenfläche, wherein the raised surface portion is formed by a web or a plurality of webs and the recessed surface portion is formed by a groove or a plurality of grooves and each web and each groove helically runs.
In a further development, the rider roll is held in unrolling contact during printing in a first printing mode of operation and out of rolling contact with the anilox roller during printing in a second printing mode of operation.
Bei einer weiteren Weiterbildung wird die Reiterwalze in dem ersten Druckbetriebsmodus ausschließlich mit der Rasterwalze in Abrollkontakt gehalten.
Bei einer weiteren Weiterbildung wird die Reiterwalze in dem ersten Druckbetriebsmodus durch eine Feder in Abrollkontakt mit der Rasterwalze gehalten.
Bei einer weiteren Weiterbildung wird in dem ersten Druckbetriebsmodus die Rotation der Reiterwalze ausschließlich von der Rasterwalze angetrieben, wobei die Rasterwalze die Reiterwalze über Umfangsflächenreibung antreibt.
Bei einer weiteren Weiterbildung wird als die Reiterwalze keine Changierwalze und keine Reiterwalze verwendet, sondern eine axial stillstehende Walze.In a further development, the rider roll is held in rolling contact in the first printing mode exclusively with the anilox roller.
In a further development, the rider roller is held in rolling contact with the anilox roller in the first printing mode of operation by a spring.
In a further development, in the first printing operating mode, the rotation of the rider roll is exclusively driven by the anilox roll, wherein the anilox roll drives the rider roll via peripheral surface friction.
In a further development, no traversing roller and no rider roller is used as the rider roller, but an axially stationary roller.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich auch aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels und der dazugehörigen Zeichnung, in welcher zeigt:
- Figur 1
- eine Druckmaschine in einem ersten Druckbetriebsmodus mit Abrollkontakt zwischen Reiterwalze und Rasterwalze,
Figur 2- die Druckmaschine aus
Figur 1 in einem zweiten Druckbetriebsmodus ohne Abrollkontakt zwischen Reiterwalze und Rasterwalze, Figur 3- ein Schema der Wirkungsweise der Reiterwalze bei der Entnahme von Farbe aus Haschur-Rillen der Rasterwalze,
- Figur 4
- ein Schema der Rasterwalze mit auf Haschur-Stegen abliegender Farbe nach der in
dargestellten Phase,Figur 3 Figur 5- ein Diagramm mit Dichtestellbereichen des Anilox-Farbwerks im ersten und zweiten Druckbetriebsmodus und
Figur 6- einen Programmablaufplan zur Steuerung des Anilox-Farbwerks.
- FIG. 1
- a printing machine in a first printing operating mode with rolling contact between rider roll and anilox roll,
- FIG. 2
- the printing press off
FIG. 1 in a second printing mode without unrolling contact between rider roll and anilox roll, - FIG. 3
- a diagram of the operation of the rider roll in the removal of color from Haschur grooves of the anilox roller,
- FIG. 4
- a diagram of the anilox roller with paint lying on Haschur webs after the in
FIG. 3 represented phase, - FIG. 5
- a diagram with density ranges of the anilox inking in the first and second printing operating mode and
- FIG. 6
- a program flow chart for controlling the anilox inking unit.
In den
Die Erfindung ist nicht nur in einem Anilox-Offset-Druckwerk anwendbar, sondern auch in einem Flexodruckwerk. Ein solches Flexodruckwerk kann zum Beispiel als Lackierwerk Bestandteil einer Offsetdruckmaschine sein, die außer dem Flexodruckwerk eine Reihe von Offset-Druckwerken aufweist. Bei dem Flexodruckwerk ist statt der Farbauftragwalze 3 ein Druckformzylinder angeordnet, mit dem die Rasterwalze 2 beim Drucken in Abrollkontakt steht, und bildet dieser Druckformzylinder die Abnahmeeinrichtung. Die Farbauftragwalze 3 und der im Zusammenhang mit dem Offsetdruck genannte Gummituchzylinder entfallen bei dem Flexodruckwerk.The invention is applicable not only in an anilox offset printing unit but also in a flexographic printing unit. Such a flexographic printing unit can be part of an offset printing press, for example, as a coating unit, which has a number of offset printing units in addition to the flexographic printing unit. In the flexographic printing unit, instead of the inking
Die Rasterwalze 2 und die Farbauftragwalze 3 werden so aufeinander abgestimmt rotiert, wie es dem in
Im Druckbetrieb dreht sich die Rasterwalze 2 in die Drehrichtung 10. In dieser Drehrichtung nach der Zuführeinrichtung 6 und vor der Farbauftragwalze 3 ist eine Reiterwalze 11 angeordnet. Nach der Farbauftragwalze 3 und vor der Zuführeinrichtung 6 ist eine Walzengruppe 12 angeordnet. Die Reiterwalze 11 hat eine Umfangsfläche aus einem weichen und farbfreundlichen Gummiwerkstoff und ist an ihren beiden Enden jeweils in einem Walzenschloss 13 gelagert, das an einem Lagerhebel 14 angeordnet ist, der durch einen Stellantrieb 15 schwenkbar ist, zum Beispiel durch einen Pneumatikzylinder. Eine Steuereinrichtung 24 steuert den Stellantrieb 15 entsprechend eines in der Steuereinrichtung 24 ablaufenden Programms an.In printing operation, the
Jedes Walzenschloss 13 umfasst eine Feder 16 zum Andrücken der Reiterwalze 11 an die Rasterwalze 2. Dieses Federsystem ist hinsichtlich seiner Nachstellwirkung vorteilhaft, durch welche Durchmesserveränderungen der Reiterwalze 11 kompensiert werden, die durch deren Alterung oder durch einen Walzenwechsel bedingt sind. Der aus Gummi oder einem gummiartigen Kunststoff bestehende Walzenbezug der Reiterwalze 11 kann im Laufe der Zeit schrumpfen oder aufquellen, wodurch sich der Walzendurchmesser ändern kann. Die Reiterwalze 11 kann verschleißbedingt durch eine Ersatzwalze ersetzt werden, deren Durchmesser toleranzbedingt geringfügig von jenem der ursprünglichen Reiterwalze 11 abweicht. Der Walzenbezug der Ersatzwalze kann geringfügig weicher oder härter als der Walzenbezug der ursprünglichen Reiterwalze 11 sein, auch solche Unterschiede in der Kompressibilität der Walzen werden durch das Federsystem ausgeglichen. Die Reiterwalze 11 steht im Druckbetrieb ausschließlich mit der Rasterwalze 2 in Abrollkontakt, das heißt, es liegt keine andere Walze oder kein anderer Zylinder an der Reiterwalze 11 an.Each
In
Würden zwei Stege 19 und zwei Rillen 18 parallel miteinander verlaufen, was ebenfalls möglich wäre, hätte die Rasterstruktur die Form eines mehrgängigen Gewindes und würde der erhabene Flächenanteil 20 durch die beiden Stege 19 zusammen gebildet und der vertiefte Flächenanteil 21 durch die beiden Rillen 18 zusammen gebildet.Would two
Der erhabene Flächenanteil 20 beträgt mindestens 10% der gesamten Rasterfläche 17, so dass der vertiefte Flächenanteil 21 höchstens 90% der Rasterfläche 17 beträgt. Beispielsweise kann der erhabene Flächenanteil 20 - der sogenannte Traganteil - mehr als 15% und weniger als 35% der gesamten Rasterfläche 17 betragen, wobei eine Stegbreite S des Steges 15% bis 35% einer Zellbreite Z entspricht, welche die Summe der Stegbreite S und einer Rillenbreite R der Rille 18 ist.The raised surface portion 20 is at least 10% of the
In dem ersten Druckbetriebsmodus wird die Reiterwalze 11 ausschließlich von der Rasterwalze 2 rotativ angetrieben, das heißt, es ist kein extra für die Reiterwalze 11 vorgesehener Hilfsantrieb vorhanden und es ist außer der Rasterwalze 2 keine andere Walze vorhanden, die an der Reiterwalze 11 anliegt und diese über Umfangsflächenreibung antreibt. Der Gummibezug der Reiterwalze 11 drückt sich aufgrund der Walzenpressung im Walzenspalt der beiden Walzen 2, 11 in die Rasterstruktur der Rasterwalze 2 etwas hinein, wodurch die Reibung erhöht wird und die Reiterwalze 11 mit der Rasterwalze 2 quasi schlupffrei mitläuft. Die Reiterwalze 11 führt keine axiale Hin- und Herbewegung aus, weil ein solches Changieren den erwünschten Farbaufbau auf der Dachfläche des Steges 19 beeinträchtigen würde.In the first printing operation mode, the
In
In
Der rechte Balken in dem Diagramm gemäß
Durch das Abschalten der Reiterwalze 11 im zweiten Druckbetriebsmodus können in diesem Druckaufträge gedruckt werden, die eine so geringe Farbdichte erfordern, dass der erste Druckbetriebsmodus nicht mehr geeignet ist, und zwar aus folgendem Grund: Im ersten Druckbetriebsmodus müsste die Temperatur der Rasterwalze 2 so weit abgesenkt werden, um die geringe Farbdichte zu erreichen, dass an der Rasterwalze 2 Kondensatbildungsprobleme auftreten würden, durch welche die Druckqualität beeinträchtigt werden würde. Deshalb ist es vorteilhaft, dass durch das Abschalten der Reiterwalze 11 die Rasterwalzentemperatur über der kritischen unteren Grenze gehalten werden kann. Die Menge des übertragenen Fluids bestimmt die im Druckbild auf dem Bedruckstoff messbare Farbdichte.By turning off the
Ein Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist, dass der durch den rechten Balken repräsentierte Dichtestellbereich durch das Zuschalten der Reiterwalze 11 um den durch den linken Wertebalken repräsentierten Dichtestellbereich erweitert wird, wodurch Wechsel der Rasterwalze 2 zwecks Veränderung des wirksamen Schöpfvolumens der Rasterwalze 2 seltener erforderlich sind und die mit den Rasterwalzenwechseln verbundenen Maschinenstillstandszeiten minimiert werden.An advantage of the method according to the invention is that the density range represented by the right-hand bar is widened by the connection of the
In
In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt 101 wird die Farbdichte oder Färbung gemessen.In a
In einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt 102 wird entschieden, ob die Färbung zu gering ist oder nicht. Falls die Färbung zu gering ist, wird in einem dritten Schritt 103 entschieden, ob die obere Stellgrenze der Rasterwalzentemperatur bereits erreicht ist oder nicht. Ist die obere Stellgrenze bereits erreicht, wird in einem vierten Schritt 104 entschieden, ob die Reiterwalze 11 bereits an der Rasterwalze 2 anliegt oder nicht. Falls die Reiterwalze 11 bereits an die Rasterwalze 2 angestellt ist, das heißt im ersten Druckbetriebsmodus betrieben wird, wird in einem fünften Schritt die Rasterwalze ausgetauscht (gegen eine Ersatzrasterwalze mit einem höheren Schöpfvolumen) und/oder die verwendete Druckfarbe ausgetauscht, zum Beispiel gegen eine Druckfarbe mit einer höheren Pigmentierung. Wird in dem vierten Schritt 104 festgestellt, dass die Reiterwalze 11 noch nicht an der Rasterwalze 2 anliegt, dann wird in einem sechsten Schritt 106 die Reiterwalze 11 an die Rasterwalze 2 angestellt und die Rasterwalzentemperatur reduziert. Danach wird in einem siebten Schritt 107 mit dem Fortdruck begonnen.In a
Wird in dem zweiten Schritt 102 festgestellt, dass die Färbung nicht zu gering ist, dann wird in einem achten Schritt 108 entschieden, ob die Färbung zu hoch ist oder nicht. Ist die Färbung nicht zu hoch, dann wird mit dem Fortdruck im siebten Schritt 107 begonnen. Ergibt die Messung im achten Schritt 108 jedoch, dass die Färbung zu hoch ist, dann wird in einem neunten Schritt geprüft bzw. entschieden, ob die aktuelle Rasterwalzentemperatur bereits der unteren Stellgrenze für die Rasterwalzentemperatur entspricht oder noch nicht. Ist die untere Stellgrenze bereits erreicht, dann wird in einem zehnten Schritt 110 geprüft, ob die Reiterwalze 11 bereits an der Rasterwalze 2 anliegt oder nicht. Wird bei dieser Prüfung festgestellt, dass die Reiterwalze 11 an der Rasterwalze 2 anliegt, dann wird in einem elften Schritt 111 die Reiterwalze 11 von der Rasterwalze 2 abgestellt, das heißt, vom ersten Druckbetriebsmodus (
Ergibt die im neunten Schritt 109 erfolgende Prüfung, dass die untere Stellgrenze der Rasterwalzentemperatur noch nicht erreicht ist, dann wird in einem zwölften Schritt 112 die Rasterwalzentemperatur angepasst, indem die Rasterwalzentemperatur abgesenkt wird. Danach wird mit dem Fortdruck 107 begonnen.If the test carried out in the
Ergibt die in dem dritten Schritt 103 erfolgende Prüfung, dass die obere Stellgrenze der Rasterwalzentemperatur noch nicht erreicht ist, dann wird in dem zwölften Schritt 112 die Temperatur der Rasterwalze angepasst, indem die Rasterwalzentemperatur erhöht wird. Auch danach wird mit dem Fortdruck 107 begonnen. Falls in dem zehnten Schritt 110 festgestellt wird, dass die Reiterwalze 11 nicht an der Rasterwalze 2 anliegt, das heißt, dass das Anilox-Farbwerk im zweiten Druckbetriebsmodus betrieben wird, dann wird in einem dreizehnten Schritt 113 die Rasterwalze ausgewechselt (gegen eine Ersatzrasterwalze mit einem geringeren Schöpfvolumen) und/oder die Farbe angepasst, zum Beispiel durch eine andere Farbe mit einer anderen Pigmentierung ersetzt. Danach wird der Fortdruck 107 begonnen.If the test carried out in the
- 11
- Druckmaschinepress
- 22
- Rasterwalzeanilox roller
- 33
- FarbauftragwalzeInking roller
- 44
- DruckformzylinderPlate cylinder
- 55
- Feuchtwerkdampening
- 66
- Zuführeinrichtungfeeding
- 77
- Behältercontainer
- 88th
- Rakelmesserdoctor blade
- 99
- SchwenkrückwandSwing back wall
- 1010
- Drehrichtungdirection of rotation
- 1111
- Reiterwalzeriding roller
- 1212
- Walzengrupperoll group
- 1313
- Walzenschlossroller lock
- 1414
- Lagerhebelbearing lever
- 1515
- Stellantriebactuator
- 1616
- Federfeather
- 1717
- Rasterflächegrid area
- 1818
- Rillegroove
- 1919
- Stegweb
- 2020
- Erhabener FlächenanteilElevated area fraction
- 2121
- Vertiefter FlächenanteilRecessed area fraction
- 2222
- Farbfilmcolor film
- 2323
- Farbmengeamount of ink
- 2424
- Steuereinrichtungcontrol device
- 25 bis 10025 to 100
- --
- 101 bis 113101 to 113
- Verfahrensschrittstep
- RR
- Rillenbreitegroove width
- SS
- Stegbreiteweb width
- ZZ
- Zellbreitecell width
Claims (9)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass als die Rasterwalze (2) eine Rasterwalze (2) verwendet wird, bei welcher der erhabene Flächenanteil (20) mindestens 10% der Rasterfläche (17) beträgt.A method of operating a printing machine (1) comprising an anilox roller (2), a feeding device (6) for supplying a fluid to the anilox roller (2), a removing device for removing the fluid from the anilox roller (2) and a rider roller (11) wherein the anilox roller (2) has a grid surface (17) consisting of a raised area portion (20) and a recessed area portion (21), the removal facility is a roller (3) or a cylinder and the rider roller (11) is in Direction of rotation (10) of the anilox roller (2) is arranged after the feed device (6) and in front of the removal device,
characterized,
in that the anilox roller (2) used is an anilox roller (2) in which the raised surface portion (20) amounts to at least 10% of the screen surface (17).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der erhabene Flächenanteil (20) 15% - 35% der Rasterfläche (17) beträgt.Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the raised surface portion (20) 15% - 35% of the grid area (17).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass als die Rasterwalze (2) eine Rasterwalze (2) verwendet wird, bei welcher die Rasterfläche (17) eine Lineatur von höchstens 135 Linien pro Zentimeter aufweist.Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
in that the raster roller (2) is an anilox roller (2) in which the raster surface (17) has a ruling of at most 135 lines per centimeter.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass als die Rasterwalze (2) eine Rasterwalze (2) verwendet wird, deren Rasterfläche (17) eine Haschurenfläche ist, bei welcher der erhabene Flächenanteil (20) durch einen oder mehrere Stege (19) und der vertiefte Flächenanteil (21) durch eine oder mehrere Rillen (18) gebildet wird und jeder Steg (19) und jede Rille (18) schraubenlinienförmig verläuft.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
in that the grid surface (17) is a Haschuren surface, in which the raised surface portion (20) by one or more webs (19) and the recessed surface portion (21) by one or a plurality of grooves (18) is formed and each web (19) and each groove (18) extends helically.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Reiterwalze (11) beim Drucken in einem ersten Druckbetriebsmodus in Abrollkontakt mit der Rasterwalze (2) und beim Drucken in einem zweiten Druckbetriebsmodus außer Abrollkontakt mit der Rasterwalze (2) gehalten wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that the rider roll (11) when printing in a first printing mode of operation in rolling contact with the screen roller (2) and while printing in a second printing mode of operation other than rolling contact with the screen roller (2) is held.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Reiterwalze (11) in dem ersten Druckbetriebsmodus ausschließlich mit der Rasterwalze (2) in Abrollkontakt gehalten wird.Method according to claim 5,
characterized,
in that the rider roll (11) is held in rolling contact exclusively with the anilox roller (2) in the first printing operating mode.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Reiterwalze (11) in dem ersten Druckbetriebsmodus durch eine Feder (16) in Abrollkontakt mit der Rasterwalze (2) gehalten wird.Method according to claim 5 or 6,
characterized,
that the rider roll (11) is held in the first printing mode of operation by a spring (16) in rolling contact with the screen roller (2).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass in dem ersten Druckbetriebsmodus die Rotation der Reiterwalze (11) ausschließlich von der Rasterwalze (2) angetrieben wird, wobei die Rasterwalze (2) die Reiterwalze (11) über Umfangsflächenreibung antreibt.Method according to one of claims 5 to 7,
characterized,
in that in the first printing operating mode the rotation of the rider roll (11) is driven exclusively by the anilox roll (2), wherein the anilox roll (2) drives the rider roll (11) over circumferential surface friction.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass als die Reiterwalze (11) keine Changierwalze oder Reiberwalze, sondern eine axial stillstehende Walze (11) verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
in that, as the rider roll (11), no traversing roll or distributor roll, but an axially stationary roll (11) is used.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102015222908.4A DE102015222908A1 (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2015-11-20 | Method for operating a printing machine |
Publications (2)
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EP3170665A1 true EP3170665A1 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
EP3170665B1 EP3170665B1 (en) | 2022-03-30 |
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EP16194540.7A Active EP3170665B1 (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2016-10-19 | Method for operating a printing press having an anilox roller |
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EP (1) | EP3170665B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN106985513B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102015222908A1 (en) |
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Title |
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"Rasterwalze", ZELLÖFFNUNG, 15 October 2015 (2015-10-15), Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://de.wikipedia.org./wiki/Rasterwalze> |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102015222908A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
CN106985513B (en) | 2020-05-22 |
CN106985513A (en) | 2017-07-28 |
EP3170665B1 (en) | 2022-03-30 |
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